{"@context":"http://iiif.io/api/presentation/3/context.json","id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/iiif/9w08w3970d/manifest","type":"Manifest","label":{"en":["Doi, Michael"]},"logo":"https://d9jk7wjtjpu5g.cloudfront.net/organizations/logo_images/000/000/082/original/TheBreman_SecondaryMark_Horizontal_Blue_Black.png?1713640889","metadata":[{"label":{"en":["Date"]},"value":{"en":["2012-01-09 (captured)"]}},{"label":{"en":["Agent"]},"value":{"en":["Doi, Michael (1920-2014) (Interviewee)","Berman, Sandra (Interviewer)","Campbell, Jennifer (Interviewer)"]}},{"label":{"en":["Format"]},"value":{"en":["Video"]}},{"label":{"en":["Source"]},"value":{"en":["William Breman Jewish Heritage Museum","Esther and Herbert Taylor Oral History Collection","Jewish Oral History Project of Atlanta","Special Exhibitions Collection"]}},{"label":{"en":["Description"]},"value":{"en":["\u003cp\u003eMichael Doi was interviewed by Sandra Berman and Jennifer Campbell on January 9, 2012 in Atlanta, Georgia.\u003c/p\u003e (general)","\u003cp\u003eMichael Doi was born in 1920 in Camarillo, California. His parents, who were immigrants from Japan, moved their family to Oxnard, California, when Michael was still very young. During World War II, Michael was drafted into the US military. His parents had returned to Japan before the war’s start, but Michael’s other American family members were forced to live in a “relocation center” (camps where the US government incarcerated Japanese Americans), solely because they were of Japanese descent. After becoming an infantryman, Michael served in Europe with Company A, 100th Infantry Battalion, which was incorporated into the 442nd Regimental Combat Team in 1944. After the war, Michael worked in Chicago, where other members of his family had moved after leaving the camps. Eventually, Michael moved to Georgia, where he lived with his wife, Gene Hashimoto Doi. Michael passed away in October 2014.\u003c/p\u003e (bioghist)","\u003cp\u003eIn his interview, Michael Doi discusses his family history, his military service during World War II, and his family members’ wartime incarceration because they were Japanese Americans. His daughter, Janice (Sam) Sears, is also present for the interview. Michael recounts hearing the news that Pearl Harbor had been attacked and talks about when he was drafted and where he was stationed in the United States. Michael reminisces about joining the US Army 100th Infantry Battalion, which was incorporated into the 442nd Regimental Combat Team in 1944. He explains the 442nd’s successful effort to save the trapped “Lost Battalion” and his personal memories of this event and other wartime events while in Europe. He describes visiting family members in the camp and he reflects on the US government’s incarceration of Japanese Americans during World War II. Michael’s daughter, Janice (Sam), also comments on the difficulties that Japanese Americans had after the war with receiving reparations from the US government. In addition, Michael recalls the stories of his father (who had returned with his wife to Japan before the outbreak of the war), who was living near Hiroshima when the atomic bomb was dropped. Finally, Michael explains how he and his family rebuilt their lives after the war and describes his life in Georgia. Please note that an interview with Michael's younger brother, Jimmy Doi, is also available to view.\u003c/p\u003e (scope content)"]}},{"label":{"en":["Source Metadata URI"]},"value":{"en":["https://archivesspace.thebreman.org/repositories/2/archival_objects/29076"]}},{"label":{"en":["Rights Statement"]},"value":{"en":["\u003cp\u003eAll rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, recorded by any information storage and retrieval system, without the express written consent of the William Breman Jewish Heritage Museum.\u003c/p\u003e"]}},{"label":{"en":["Subject"]},"value":{"en":["Doi, Michael (1920-2014) (personal name)","100th Infantry Battalion (corporate name)","442nd Regimental Combat Team (corporate name)","522nd Field Artillery Battalion (corporate name)","Paymaster Corporation (corporate name)","Camarillo, California (geographic term)","Camp Blanding (Florida) (geographic term)","Camp Grant (Illinois) (geographic term)","Chicago, Illinois (geographic term)","Dachau Concentration Camp (geographic term)","Georgia, United States (geographic term)","Gila River Relocation Center (geographic term)","Hiroshima, Japan (geographic term)","Italy (World War II) (geographic term)","Manzanar Relocation Center (geographic term)","Oxnard, California (geographic term)","Pearl Harbor (geographic term)","Atomic Bomb (topical term)","Bronze Star Medal (topical term)","Churches (United States) (topical term)","Combat (World War II) (topical term)","Concentration Camps (topical term)","Farming (California) (topical term)","Gothic Line (World War II) (topical term)","Immigration (topical term)","Japanese American Communities (California) (topical term)","Japanese American Incarceration (World War II) (topical term)","Lost Battalion (World War II) (topical term)","Military Draft (topical term)","Reparations (World War II) (topical term)"]}}],"summary":{"en":["\u003cp\u003eMichael Doi was interviewed by Sandra Berman and Jennifer Campbell on January 9, 2012 in Atlanta, Georgia.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eMichael Doi was born in 1920 in Camarillo, California. His parents, who were immigrants from Japan, moved their family to Oxnard, California, when Michael was still very young. During World War II, Michael was drafted into the US military. His parents had returned to Japan before the war\u0026rsquo;s start, but Michael\u0026rsquo;s other American family members were forced to live in a \u0026ldquo;relocation center\u0026rdquo; (camps where the US government incarcerated Japanese Americans), solely because they were of Japanese descent. After becoming an infantryman, Michael served in Europe with Company A, 100th Infantry Battalion, which was incorporated into the 442nd Regimental Combat Team in 1944. After the war, Michael worked in Chicago, where other members of his family had moved after leaving the camps. Eventually, Michael moved to Georgia, where he lived with his wife, Gene Hashimoto Doi. Michael passed away in October 2014.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIn his interview, Michael Doi discusses his family history, his military service during World War II, and his family members\u0026rsquo; wartime incarceration because they were Japanese Americans. His daughter, Janice (Sam) Sears, is also present for the interview. Michael recounts hearing the news that Pearl Harbor had been attacked and talks about when he was drafted and where he was stationed in the United States. Michael reminisces about joining the US Army 100th Infantry Battalion, which was incorporated into the 442nd Regimental Combat Team in 1944. He explains the 442nd\u0026rsquo;s successful effort to save the trapped \u0026ldquo;Lost Battalion\u0026rdquo; and his personal memories of this event and other wartime events while in Europe. He describes visiting family members in the camp and he reflects on the US government\u0026rsquo;s incarceration of Japanese Americans during World War II. Michael\u0026rsquo;s daughter, Janice (Sam), also comments on the difficulties that Japanese Americans had after the war with receiving reparations from the US government. In addition, Michael recalls the stories of his father (who had returned with his wife to Japan before the outbreak of the war), who was living near Hiroshima when the atomic bomb was dropped. Finally, Michael explains how he and his family rebuilt their lives after the war and describes his life in Georgia. Please note that an interview with Michael's younger brother, Jimmy Doi, is also available to view.\u003c/p\u003e"]},"requiredStatement":{"label":{"en":["Attribution"]},"value":{"en":["\u003cp\u003eAll rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, recorded by any information storage and retrieval system, without the express written consent of the William Breman Jewish Heritage Museum.\u003c/p\u003e"]}},"provider":[{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/aboutus","type":"Agent","label":{"en":["William Breman Jewish Heritage Museum"]},"homepage":[{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/","type":"Text","label":{"en":["William Breman Jewish Heritage Museum"]},"format":"text/html"}],"logo":[{"id":"https://d9jk7wjtjpu5g.cloudfront.net/organizations/logo_images/000/000/082/original/TheBreman_SecondaryMark_Horizontal_Blue_Black.png?1713640889","type":"Image"}]}],"thumbnail":[{"id":"https://d9jk7wjtjpu5g.cloudfront.net/collection_resource_files/thumbnails/000/181/415/small/Doi_Michael.mp4_1680133426.jpg?1680133427","type":"Image","format":"image/jpeg"}],"items":[{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/87105/file/181415","type":"Canvas","label":{"en":["Media File 1 of 1 - Doi_Michael.mp4"]},"duration":1987.486,"width":640,"height":360,"thumbnail":[{"id":"https://d9jk7wjtjpu5g.cloudfront.net/collection_resource_files/thumbnails/000/181/415/small/Doi_Michael.mp4_1680133426.jpg?1680133427","type":"Image","format":"image/jpeg"}],"items":[{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/87105/file/181415/content/1","type":"AnnotationPage","items":[{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/87105/file/181415/content/1/annotation/1","type":"Annotation","motivation":"painting","body":{"id":"https://aviary-p-thebreman.s3.wasabisys.com/collection_resource_files/resource_files/000/181/415/original/Doi_Michael.mp4?1680133425","type":"Video","format":"video/mp4","duration":1987.486,"width":640,"height":360},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/87105/file/181415","metadata":[]}]}],"annotations":[{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/87105/file/181415/transcript/42577","type":"AnnotationPage","label":{"en":["Doi, Michael [Transcript]"]},"items":[{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/87105/file/181415/transcript/42577/annotation/1","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"BERMAN: Today is January 9, 2012, I can't believe I remembered to say 2012. I am\nwith Michael John Doi who has agreed to participate in the Special Exhibitions\nOral History Project of the William Breman Jewish Heritage Museum. My name is\nSandy Berman, I'm archivist for the museum and I'm so glad that you--and\nappreciative that you've agreed to participate in this interviewing process,\nthank you. I'd like to begin ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/87105/file/181415#t=0.0,30.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/87105/file/181415/transcript/42577/annotation/2","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"by really having you go back in time to when your\nfamily immigrated from Japan and why they left.\n\nDOI: My mother . . . it's a funny, funny story, but . . . my mother was supposed\nto get married in Japan to another man and she didn't like him. She was in love\nwith my dad, so they eloped--\n\nBERMAN: And what were--\n\nDOI: --in Japan. And this is in Japan, ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/87105/file/181415#t=30.0,60.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/87105/file/181415/transcript/42577/annotation/3","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"now. Things like that isn't allowed, so\nthey just left and they took the . . . they took a ship to Mexico. They got . .\n. I think it was in Veracruz [Mexico] where they landed, and they walked all the\nway from Veracruz all the way to California. Their intentions were to go get to\nVancouver [Canada] where he had a couple of brothers. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/87105/file/181415#t=60.0,90.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/87105/file/181415/transcript/42577/annotation/4","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"But after they got to a\nplace called Oxnard [California] they decided that was enough, and that's where\nthey settled.\n\nBERMAN: Did they . . . were they able to maintain a relationship with their\nparents after they eloped? Or were they . . .\n\nDOI: Well, much later, yes. But my dad worked for a man named John Arneill (sp)\nin a place called Camarillo [California] which is about fifty miles north of Los\nAngeles. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/87105/file/181415#t=90.0,120.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/87105/file/181415/transcript/42577/annotation/5","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"He worked for him for several years with my brother, my oldest brother,\nand my dad decided he wanted to go on his own and this boss was . . . he was\npersistent. He even wanted to build a whole new home for my dad, but my dad said\nno, he wants to go on his own and we moved to a place called Oxnard which is\nabout ten miles away, and that's where we settled, that's where I was . . . I\nwas born in ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/87105/file/181415#t=120.0,150.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/87105/file/181415/transcript/42577/annotation/6","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Camarillo, but moved to Oxnard when I was five.\n\nBERMAN: What year was that? That your parents immigrated.\n\nDOI: Probably about 1925.\n\nBERMAN: And what were their names, and if you could spell their first names for\nme that would be great.\n\nDOI: What was my dad's name, Janice? God, I can't remember.\n\nSEARS: I got it written down, but I don't know.\n\nDOI: ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/87105/file/181415#t=150.0,180.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/87105/file/181415/transcript/42577/annotation/7","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Matsuyo (sp) was my mother's name and my dad's name was, god, some hard\nJapanese name . . .\n\nBERMAN: That's okay we can go on . . . it was, it's not that . . . if you . . .\n\nDOI: So they settled and they start farming.\n\nBERMAN: What kind of farm? What did they grow?\n\nDOI: Tomatoes, lettuce, all kinds of vegetables and they did well. In those days\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/87105/file/181415#t=180.0,210.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/87105/file/181415/transcript/42577/annotation/8","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"they had horses, I mean, they had horses and tractors and things like that.\n\nBERMAN: Was the area, were there a lot of Japanese families in the area?\n\nDOI: Yes.\n\nBERMAN: Did your family and you associate mainly with other Japanese families,\nor were you associated with the other . . .\n\nDOI: Mostly Japanese, mostly Japanese.\n\nBERMAN: What about school, did you go to public school?\n\nDOI: Public schools, ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/87105/file/181415#t=210.0,240.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/87105/file/181415/transcript/42577/annotation/9","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and then I went to high school, graduated high school, and\nmy brother and I, we had a couple of stores in a place called Ventura\n[California], he ran one store and I ran the other. What do you want, Janice? .\n. . Anyway . . .\n\nBERMAN: The stores came later?\n\nDOI: No, right after I ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/87105/file/181415#t=240.0,270.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/87105/file/181415/transcript/42577/annotation/10","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"got out of school.\n\nBERMAN: Right out of school.\n\nDOI: I didn't go to college.\n\nBERMAN: So you didn't want to be on the farm.\n\nDOI: No, my brother, my other brother didn't either, so . . .\n\nBERMAN: Why?\n\nDOI: So about that time I was 21 and they drafted me.\n\nBERMAN: Why didn't you want to be a farmer?\n\nDOI: It's too hard work.\n\nBERMAN: In school did you mainly, again, associate with other Japanese students\nor did you have lots of . . .\n\nDOI: No, mixed, mixed, I went to ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/87105/file/181415#t=270.0,300.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/87105/file/181415/transcript/42577/annotation/11","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"French Club and different . . . I socialized\nwith just about everybody.\n\nBERMAN: Before the war, before Pearl Harbor, what was the relationship that you\nhad with the general community? Was it always friendly before the war?\n\nDOI: Yes. I was in Los Angeles, I went to Los Angeles the morning of the . . .\nof Pearl Harbor, I went to see a movie. I was in the theater ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/87105/file/181415#t=300.0,330.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/87105/file/181415/transcript/42577/annotation/12","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"when they announced\nthat Pearl Harbor was bombed. And where's Pearl Harbor? Nobody knew where Pearl\nHarbor was. So . . .\n\nBERMAN: Do you remember how you felt?\n\nDOI: I felt terrible, I felt . . . I drove home right away. And the feeling was\nthe same all the way around.\n\nBERMAN: How about your parents? Were they . . .\n\nDOI: No, they were in Japan. They wanted to go back to Japan, so we sent them\nback. My . . . when the atomic bomb went ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/87105/file/181415#t=330.0,360.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/87105/file/181415/transcript/42577/annotation/13","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"off in Hiroshima, he lived just outside\nof Hiroshima.\n\nBERMAN: Oh my gosh.\n\nDOI: So he was in Hiroshima the morning of the bombing, to pick up some\nfirewood. When he came home, the bomb went off, which was about three, four\nmiles away, and he saw all these people coming out of the city all burned.\n\nBERMAN: We'll get to that in a minute, because I want to just backtrack again.\nSo your parents then left the farm and moved back to Japan.\n\nDOI: ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/87105/file/181415#t=360.0,390.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/87105/file/181415/transcript/42577/annotation/14","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Mm-hmm.\n\nBERMAN: Why did they do that?\n\nDOI: Well, they wanted to live . . . stay close to the family, their family and\nfriends. All their friends were in Japan, so they decided they wanted to settle\nin Japan.\n\nBERMAN: So when did they go back?\n\nDOI: Oh, I'd say about . . . oh, about five, six years before, before the war .\n. . a couple of years before the war.\n\nBERMAN: So that must have been ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/87105/file/181415#t=390.0,420.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/87105/file/181415/transcript/42577/annotation/15","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"extremely difficult for you and your brother to\nbe at war . . .\n\nDOI: Hm-mm. Well, my oldest brother took care of all of us.\n\nBERMAN: But how did it feel to have your family and your parents in Japan and\nbeing American--\n\nDOI: Yes.\n\nBERMAN: --and having to fight, you were drafted you said, and then fight against\nJapan. How did you feel?\n\nDOI: Oh, I don't know. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/87105/file/181415#t=420.0,450.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/87105/file/181415/transcript/42577/annotation/16","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I had no feeling about that. I just did what I had to do\nand I was in the service and that was it. I didn't know what was going to happen\nto me, because of where they sent me I thought I was going to be a medic and I\nwas a medic at . . . they had a big hospital for the recruitment and it was at\nCamp Grant, so I worked in the hospital for about two and a half years ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/87105/file/181415#t=450.0,480.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/87105/file/181415/transcript/42577/annotation/17","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and then\nthey wanted a rifle . . . infantrymen, so I got . . . they sent me to Camp\nBlanding, Florida, as an infantryman and that's when . . . after that, after\ntraining, we went overseas.\n\nBERMAN: You said that you were drafted in January of 1942.\n\nDOI: Mm-hmm.\n\nBERMAN: So you were never in an internment camp.\n\nDOI: No.\n\nBERMAN: But your brother . . .\n\nDOI: My brother was.\n\nBERMAN: ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/87105/file/181415#t=480.0,510.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/87105/file/181415/transcript/42577/annotation/18","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"What was . . . do you remember when the community started receiving word--\n\nDOI: Well, you know . . .\n\nBERMAN: --how that felt within the community?\n\nDOI: Nowadays, we can pick up a phone and talk to anybody. But in those days, we\njust wrote letters and it took forever to get the mail. So I didn't know what\nwas going on, because I'd never heard of an internment camp or anything like that.\n\nBERMAN: Have you and your brother spoken about it, ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/87105/file/181415#t=510.0,540.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/87105/file/181415/transcript/42577/annotation/19","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"how you felt since? How did\nyour brother--\n\nDOI: No, I really didn't. Because my two oldest brothers, they were in camp, and\nmy youngest brother--he'll be here in a little while--he was in camp too, but he\nleft, went to Cleveland or some place.\n\nBERMAN: So you were drafted in 1941.\n\nDOI: 1942.\n\nBERMAN: 1942, I'm sorry. How did that . . . ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/87105/file/181415#t=540.0,570.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/87105/file/181415/transcript/42577/annotation/20","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"how was it being a Japanese American\nin the service?\n\nDOI: You know, I had no feeling at all at that time.\n\nBERMAN: But how were the other servicemen toward you?\n\nDOI: They were fine. They were fine. In Camp Grant, most of the people who\nworked at the hospital were Japanese American, because they didn't know what to\ndo with them except put them to work as a male nurse. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/87105/file/181415#t=570.0,600.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/87105/file/181415/transcript/42577/annotation/21","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And that's what I did\nuntil they gave me a rifle and said you're an infantryman.\n\nBERMAN: Why did your position change? Why did they give you a rifle?\n\nDOI: Well, they needed replacements, because they did so well, the 100th and the\n442nd they did so well overseas, that they needed replacements all the time.\n\nBERMAN: So when did you actually go overseas?\n\nDOI: I think it was in ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/87105/file/181415#t=600.0,630.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/87105/file/181415/transcript/42577/annotation/22","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"November or December of 1944 . . . 1943.\n\nBERMAN: 1943.\n\nDOI: 1943, I think.\n\nBERMAN: And where did they send you?\n\nDOI: Naples, Italy. Then they sent us to different places, and we were all\nassigned to different companies, and I was assigned to Company A, which was a\nbattalion. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/87105/file/181415#t=630.0,660.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/87105/file/181415/transcript/42577/annotation/23","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"That was it, I was with them until the end, almost until the end of\nthe war.\n\nBERMAN: So did you go overseas then before D-Day?\n\nDOI: Mm-hmm.\n\nBERMAN: You were there in Italy . . . where were you when . . . in June of 1944,\nwhere were you?\n\nDOI: Probably in Italy--well, it was in Italy, because we mopped up all of\nItaly. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/87105/file/181415#t=660.0,690.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/87105/file/181415/transcript/42577/annotation/24","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"At that time . . . we did all of the mop up work . . . the Germans just\nsurrendered and all we did was put them in our prisoner of war camp, and all we\ndid after that, we just guarded them. Then the war ended and that's all we did,\nwe just guarded the prisoners of war. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/87105/file/181415#t=690.0,720.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/87105/file/181415/transcript/42577/annotation/25","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Then, I had enough points so I was one of\nthe early ones to leave, to get discharged.\n\nBERMAN: I know about that point system. Every soldier I've ever interviewed\ntalks about those points.\n\nDOI: Mm-hmm. I had enough points.\n\nBERMAN: Do you think that the 442nd was so recognized for all that they did\nbecause they had something to prove about being American?\n\nDOI: That's right, that's right. Absolutely.\n\nBERMAN: ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/87105/file/181415#t=720.0,750.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/87105/file/181415/transcript/42577/annotation/26","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Can you describe that feeling?\n\nDOI: Well, we had plenty to prove that we were Americans, loyal Americans. We\nhad to prove . . . let people know. That's why even today we're letting people\nknow what happened during the war. We have our . . . my 100th Battalion, we have\na reunion in Las Vegas every year. There isn't too many of us left, ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/87105/file/181415#t=750.0,780.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/87105/file/181415/transcript/42577/annotation/27","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"but we're\nstill there.\n\nBERMAN: Let's talk a little bit about your own war service and what you did on a\ndaily basis. Once you had your rifle, what was a day in the infantry like with\nthe 442nd?\n\nDOI: Infantry life? Oh, we trained in Camp Blanding, Florida, in the swamps. We\njust trained for . . . about the time I got to ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/87105/file/181415#t=780.0,810.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/87105/file/181415/transcript/42577/annotation/28","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"our training, my brothers came in\n. . . I had two brothers, one of them was so short that he couldn't keep up with\neverybody, so they gave him a discharge and sent him back to camp. Then, Jimmy\ntrained later, and I'm glad he trained later, because if he'd have gone with me,\nhis company took a beating, and he might not be here today. So I'm glad, I'm\nglad he didn't . . . ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/87105/file/181415#t=810.0,840.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/87105/file/181415/transcript/42577/annotation/29","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"he wasn't with me. And it was scary.\n\nBERMAN: After Italy did you go then into Germany?\n\nDOI: No.\n\nBERMAN: Never?\n\nDOI: No.\n\nBERMAN: You stayed . . .\n\nDOI: I got discharged.\n\nBERMAN: But at one point in time, your daughter mentioned that you heard that\nyour brother had been killed in action.\n\nDOI: No, I was . . . they heard that I got killed in action. My brother--\n\nBERMAN: Oh, he heard that you--\n\nDOI: My brother heard that I got killed in action. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/87105/file/181415#t=840.0,870.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/87105/file/181415/transcript/42577/annotation/30","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Because there were five Doi's\nin my company and I was the only one left.\n\nBERMAN: Oh my gosh.\n\nDOI: The rest of them were either wounded or killed, I think one killed and\nfive, four wounded. And I was the only one without a scratch.\n\nBERMAN: And I see on your table in front of you that you have a Bronze Star.\n\nDOI: Mm-hmm.\n\nBERMAN: What was the Bronze Star awarded for?\n\nDOI: It was for the whole ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/87105/file/181415#t=870.0,900.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/87105/file/181415/transcript/42577/annotation/31","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"unit, because saving the Lost Battalion and the finish\nof the war in Italy, we broke through the Gothic Line, which was stalemated for\nsix months, and we were the first to break through, and that's when everybody\nstarted moving all the way up Italy and that was the end of the war.\n\nBERMAN: Let's talk a little bit about the Lost Battalion.\n\nDOI: Mm-hmm.\n\nBERMAN: Can you give us a little background on what your unit did exactly?\n\nDOI: ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/87105/file/181415#t=900.0,930.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/87105/file/181415/transcript/42577/annotation/32","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Well, we were attached to the 36th Division, and their general, and this is\na known fact, he was not a combat general. He was a desk general, and he caused\na lot of trouble for everybody including the Lost Battalion because he sent\nthese guys up there without any backup, telling them, \"Go! Go! Go!\" Before you\nknow, they were trapped, about 250 of ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/87105/file/181415#t=930.0,960.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/87105/file/181415/transcript/42577/annotation/33","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"them.\n\nBERMAN: Where were they trapped exactly?\n\nDOI: They went too far and they got circled. Germans were good fighters. So they\ngot trapped and then the other units tried to . . . Yes, thank you. The other .\n. . their own outfit tried to get them, get them out, and they couldn't do it.\nSo ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/87105/file/181415#t=960.0,990.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/87105/file/181415/transcript/42577/annotation/34","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"they asked us to do it. And to save 250 lives, we lost about 600 or 700,\nkilled or wounded. But we got to them, and that was one of the reasons we got\nthis gold medal. One of them happens to live in Dallas, Georgia. He's a good\nfriend of ours . . . now. And I remember, I didn't know him at the time, ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/87105/file/181415#t=990.0,1020.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/87105/file/181415/transcript/42577/annotation/35","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"but I\nknew when we went by . . . he told me he was on the left side and I threw . . .\nI remember going by him and throwing cigarettes and rations and everything to\ngive to them. And he remembered that.\n\nBERMAN: That's wonderful. Your daughter also mentioned that you were responsible\nfor saving . . .\n\nDOI: No, I didn't save anybody, it's just that ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/87105/file/181415#t=1020.0,1050.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/87105/file/181415/transcript/42577/annotation/36","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"we were being shelled and, you\nknow, in the forest there was a tank shooting . . . firing at us point blank\nwith an 88[mm], and it was terrible. People were getting hit all over, and one\nof them in front of them says, \"I'm hit! I'm hit!\" So I climbed over the tree\nwhere I was under and I just patched him up. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/87105/file/181415#t=1050.0,1080.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/87105/file/181415/transcript/42577/annotation/37","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"About that time everything went\nquiet. I think somebody with a bazooka got the tank. So it was quiet. If they\nhad kept firing I'd never know what would've happen, because they were just . .\n. you could hear the boom and pow, just like that.\n\nBERMAN: Did the man you patched up make it?\n\nDOI: Mm-hmm. We see him once in a while.\n\nBERMAN: ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/87105/file/181415#t=1080.0,1110.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/87105/file/181415/transcript/42577/annotation/38","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Oh, you do?\n\nDOI: Uh-huh.\n\nBERMAN: Does he live here?\n\nDOI: Oh, no, no, no, no, the one I patched up, no, no. I don't even know who it\nwas. He told me after the war, that, \"Hey, you're the guy that patched me up,\"\nbut I can't remember who it was. But, it was funny.\n\nBERMAN: So you had enough points to get home.\n\nDOI: Uh-huh.\n\nBERMAN: So when did you exactly get discharged?\n\nDOI: December 1944.\n\nBERMAN: And when you got home . . .\n\nDOI: Or 1945, was it?\n\nBERMAN: ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/87105/file/181415#t=1110.0,1140.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/87105/file/181415/transcript/42577/annotation/39","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"1945, probably.\n\nDOI: Mm-hmm.\n\nBERMAN: When you got home, what did you . . . did you go back to California?\n\nDOI: No, never did. My family all moved to Chicago, so I went to Chicago. They\nwere all working at one place, place called Paymaster Corporation. I got a job\nright away with them.\n\nBERMAN: How did you feel the American public ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/87105/file/181415#t=1140.0,1170.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/87105/file/181415/transcript/42577/annotation/40","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"acted toward Japanese Americans\nafter the war?\n\nDOI: After that? Nothing. Not for me. Some were discriminated against, but no, I\nhad no problem any place. Not even in Georgia.\n\nBERMAN: Were you angry though, about what had happened to your family?\n\nDOI: No, no, I wasn't, because I didn't know what was going on. If I'd had . . .\n\nBERMAN: In retrospect, though, how do you feel about what happened?\n\nDOI: ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/87105/file/181415#t=1170.0,1200.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/87105/file/181415/transcript/42577/annotation/41","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Right now?\n\nBERMAN: Mm-hmm.\n\nDOI: . . . all I can say is that it was a terrible thing, being locked up like\nthat. Because I know they called it an internment camp or whatever it is, but it\nwas a concentration camp, because they had a guard tower with a machine gun\npointed right at them. Now, I went to see this, and I had a hard time getting\nin, even when my . . . sergeant . . . I was a sergeant at the time, ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/87105/file/181415#t=1200.0,1230.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/87105/file/181415/transcript/42577/annotation/42","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"they had . .\n. they wouldn't let me in right away.\n\nBERMAN: Where did you go to see?\n\nDOI: Gila. Gila, Arizona.\n\nBERMAN: Who was there in your family?\n\nDOI: My brothers, my whole family was there. Jimmy was gone.\n\nBERMAN: Can you describe the conditions they were living in?\n\nDOI: Well, it wasn't perfect, I mean, it was . . . there's . . . you know out in\nGila they had a lot of windstorms, ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/87105/file/181415#t=1230.0,1260.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/87105/file/181415/transcript/42577/annotation/43","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and all that dirt, dust would come through\nthe floor, they had cracks like that the whole way around. They weren't really livable.\n\nBERMAN: Was there enough food?\n\nDOI: There was enough food as long as they had rice.\n\nBERMAN: How did your family get out of the camp?\n\nDOI: Well, they all went to Chicago.\n\nBERMAN: Was this while the war was still going on?\n\nDOI: No, after. Right after . . .\n\nBERMAN: ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/87105/file/181415#t=1260.0,1290.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/87105/file/181415/transcript/42577/annotation/44","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"But your--\n\nDOI: No, before, yes, before, before it was over. They all went, moved out to\nChicago and they all got a job. They stayed there for several years.\n\nBERMAN: Do you remember anything else about the camp? What it was like?\n\nDOI: Well, I just went in there one time for about three days. I had a pass for\na week but I couldn't stand it, living in there, so I just left, went back to\nChicago to spend the rest of my furlough. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/87105/file/181415#t=1290.0,1320.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/87105/file/181415/transcript/42577/annotation/45","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"But nothing wrong with the food. Hot.\n\nBERMAN: You know, I think that for some Americans today, some young people,\nthey're not even aware, some of them, what happened to Japanese Americans.\n\nDOI: That's right.\n\nBERMAN: And you fought and did so much for your country. You know, you're a true\npatriot. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/87105/file/181415#t=1320.0,1350.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/87105/file/181415/transcript/42577/annotation/46","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"How do you feel about being American? What is it . . . is there some\nresidual anger? Or is it just . . .\n\nDOI: No, I have no anger at all. By the way, have any of you been to Dachau?\n\nBERMAN: I've been to other camps.\n\nDOI: I've been there. They had a hard time. But my . . . our outfit, the 522\nArtillery, were the first--the Japanese American ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/87105/file/181415#t=1350.0,1380.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/87105/file/181415/transcript/42577/annotation/47","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"outfit, they were the first to\ngo into Dachau. You know, they told them not to give food or drinks and things\nlike that. They said they couldn't stand it, and they just gave everybody\nwhatever they had.\n\nBERMAN: Yes, that . . .\n\nDOI: But they were the first to enter Dachau.\n\nBERMAN: That's amazing, were you with that . . .\n\nDOI: No, I wasn't with them, but I went there on a tour. We went back to Dachau.\nI think it's in one of these books. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/87105/file/181415#t=1380.0,1410.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/87105/file/181415/transcript/42577/annotation/48","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"But they still had one barrack, a crematory,\nit was terrible.\n\nBERMAN: You mentioned a little earlier that your parents had gone back to Japan\nand that your father was near Hiroshima when the bomb--\n\nDOI: Mm-hmm.\n\nBERMAN: --went off. How did he describe that to you?\n\nDOI: Well, he had ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/87105/file/181415#t=1410.0,1440.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/87105/file/181415/transcript/42577/annotation/49","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"no effect from the radiation or anything like that, but my\ngrandmother had a black umbrella and that burned. She had it faced toward\nHiroshima and it just burned to a crisp.\n\nBERMAN: Did they describe the devastation?\n\nDOI: Well, yes, well it's . . . people coming out of the city, all burned,\nskin's falling off. My brother reenlisted and went back to Japan ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/87105/file/181415#t=1440.0,1470.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/87105/file/181415/transcript/42577/annotation/50","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and worked in\nthe [indistinct: 24.33] so he can tell you more about all that.\n\nBERMAN: The bomb itself is an issue--\n\nDOI: Mm-hmm.\n\nBERMAN: --for a lot of people. Do you think it was the right decision or the\nwrong decision?\n\nDOI: Well, I can't say the right decision, because . . . you know, there were\nwomen and children . . . too many people involved in it. But . . .\n\nBERMAN: But it ended the war earlier.\n\nDOI: ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/87105/file/181415#t=1470.0,1500.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/87105/file/181415/transcript/42577/annotation/51","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"It did, it did end the war early, but seemed like they would have . . .\nthey could have bombed something else smaller, just to show them the power of\nthe atomic bomb. That's the way I feel now.\n\nBERMAN: That's understandable.\n\nDOI: Mm-hmm.\n\nBERMAN: Very understandable . . . What happened to all the property your family\nowned during the--\n\nDOI: Well, my brother . . . my brother was . . . he had 70 acres of farmland . .\n. were in ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/87105/file/181415#t=1500.0,1530.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/87105/file/181415/transcript/42577/annotation/52","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"California. He had to leave . . . he had two tractors, couple of\nhorses, and all the farm equipment. He had to leave everything, and it was all\ngone. They were all stolen or whatever. So he had nothing to go back to so he\ndidn't go back to California.\n\nBERMAN: Was the family ever compensated for the loss?\n\nDOI: Well, everybody was . . . everybody that was in camp, we got 20,000\ndollars, but 20,000 is ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/87105/file/181415#t=1530.0,1560.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/87105/file/181415/transcript/42577/annotation/53","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"nothing compared to what . . . what like all my brother\nlost. He had all the crops out on the field, tomatoes and lettuce, it's all gone.\n\nBERMAN: Did he ever find out who took the property?\n\nDOI: No. No.\n\nSEARS: And the property was worth millions, billions of dollars, and Congress\ndragged its feet until most everybody was dead before anybody could be compensated.\n\nBERMAN: ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/87105/file/181415#t=1560.0,1590.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/87105/file/181415/transcript/42577/annotation/54","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"It's a shame. Is that over now? Is there any recourse now?\n\nSEARS: No, because heirs could not claim any of the money.\n\nBERMAN: When you . . . I know that you were only there for a few days, but when\nyou were visiting your parents at the camp . . .\n\nDOI: No, I wasn't . . . my family . . . my . . .\n\nBERMAN: Your family, not your parents, right. Your family. What was their morale\nlike? ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/87105/file/181415#t=1590.0,1620.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/87105/file/181415/transcript/42577/annotation/55","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"How did they seem to you?\n\nDOI: They seemed to be fine. They had . . . they made many friends. I don't\nknow. It's hard to say myself how they felt.\n\nBERMAN: It must have been such a hard concept for them to understand, being American--\n\nDOI: Mm-hmm.\n\nBERMAN: --and being imprisoned.\n\nDOI: Mm-hmm.\n\nBERMAN: Can you understand it today? Can you understand it?\n\nDOI: Not really. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/87105/file/181415#t=1620.0,1650.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/87105/file/181415/transcript/42577/annotation/56","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"It was . . . it was just a big mistake.\n\nBERMAN: Why do you feel it happened?\n\nDOI: Why do I feel it happened?\n\nBERMAN: Yes, why do you feel that Roosevelt signed the . . . what . . . why do\nyou feel that . . .\n\nDOI: God . . . I guess . . . you know what, look at, like, German Americans and\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/87105/file/181415#t=1650.0,1680.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/87105/file/181415/transcript/42577/annotation/57","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Italian Americans, nobody . . . they still had Nazis in the States, but because\nof the color of our skin, that was it. Because, I know there were many, many\nNazis and fascists in the States. They didn't do anything. But because our, like\nI said, color of our ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/87105/file/181415#t=1680.0,1710.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/87105/file/181415/transcript/42577/annotation/58","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"skin, they took babies and people like 90 years old and put\nthem all in camp. It didn't make sense.\n\nBERMAN: And took all their property at the same time.\n\nDOI: And took all their property, lost everything.\n\nBERMAN: So . . . in later years, did you ever go back to any of these camps, ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/87105/file/181415#t=1710.0,1740.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/87105/file/181415/transcript/42577/annotation/59","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"to visit?\n\nDOI: I have never gone to it.\n\nBERMAN: Have you been to--\n\nDOI: They still have reunions at different camps. But I . . . like I said, I\nwasn't in camp, so I have no place to go.\n\nBERMAN: I didn't know if you had gone to just . . .\n\nDOI: Mm-hmm.. See, my wife was in Manzanar, that was a big camp.\n\nBERMAN: Did she go to the reunions?\n\nDOI: No.\n\nBERMAN: Did she talk much about her experience?\n\nDOI: ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/87105/file/181415#t=1740.0,1770.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/87105/file/181415/transcript/42577/annotation/60","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"No, she said that she was one of the first to go to the camp, and one of\nthe first to leave.\n\nBERMAN: How was she allowed to leave?\n\nDOI: Pardon?\n\nBERMAN: How did she leave? What was the . . .\n\nDOI: They had to get an okay from the Church Federation of Greater Chicago and\nthey sent a letter and that was it. She went to Chicago.\n\nBERMAN: So how ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/87105/file/181415#t=1770.0,1800.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/87105/file/181415/transcript/42577/annotation/61","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"long was she in the camp?\n\nDOI: Just a few months I think, less than a year.\n\nBERMAN: And how did she make this association with the church league in Chicago?\n\nDOI: I don't know. I think . . . she was very active in the church, so . . .\n\nBERMAN: Was this the Methodist . . . which Church is this? Catholic Church? Methodist?\n\nDOI: No, no. Protestant.\n\nBERMAN: Protestant.\n\nDOI: ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/87105/file/181415#t=1800.0,1830.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/87105/file/181415/transcript/42577/annotation/62","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I go to the Columbia Presbyterian Church and on Thursdays I volunteer. I go\nover there to answer telephone. Not much business right now. But I enjoy it. I\nlove my church.\n\nBERMAN: I'm so glad, that's great. Sam, is there something that you can think of\nthat perhaps I've missed? I want to make sure we cover all of our ground. Or Jen?\n\nCAMPBELL: ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/87105/file/181415#t=1830.0,1860.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/87105/file/181415/transcript/42577/annotation/63","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Mr. Doi, [indistinct: 31.00] and you went . . . and your family was in\nthe interment camp in Arizona. Gila? You were able to get in . . . you said it\nwas guarded. But you were able to come and go. Correct?\n\nDOI: To where?\n\nCAMPBELL: To the camp.\n\nDOI: To the camp? I only went once.\n\nCAMPBELL: You only went once to visit your family.\n\nDOI: Mm-hmm.\n\nCAMPBELL: But you were able to go in and not have to stay.\n\nDOI: No.\n\nBERMAN: Because he was in service.\n\nCAMPBELL: Because you were in the service.\n\nDOI: Mm-hmm.\n\nCAMPBELL: Okay. And that . . . they allowed you to leave, come and go.\n\nDOI: Mm-hmm.\n\nCAMPBELL: Okay.\n\nBERMAN: ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/87105/file/181415#t=1860.0,1890.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/87105/file/181415/transcript/42577/annotation/64","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I think we've got it. I think that we've asked everything. Is there\nanything that we've . . .\n\nDOI: Okay, I better call my brother and tell him . . .\n\nBERMAN: Wait, wait, wait! Is there anything that you think we should have asked?\nI'd love to get more of the feeling of just . . . perhaps just how you can come\nto terms with what . . . you seem to have no anger and no . . . ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/87105/file/181415#t=1890.0,1920.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/87105/file/181415/transcript/42577/annotation/65","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"about what had happened.\n\nDOI: Mm-hmm.\n\nBERMAN: And you've come to terms with it. I was wondering how you have done that.\n\nDOI: Well, I don't know. What can you do, really? Since we've been to Georgia .\n. . people in Georgia have been wonderful. That's why I have no desire to go\nback to California. I've . . . my neighbors are all . . . they look after me.\nThis neighbor here, they're all Black, ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/87105/file/181415#t=1920.0,1950.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/87105/file/181415/transcript/42577/annotation/66","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"mostly Black. He came to my door, a\ncouple of weeks ago, and knocked on my door, and I was still in bed. He thought\nthere was something wrong, so he went to all the doors and came back to the door\nhere, and then he rang the bell again, and I finally got out and he'd just\ncalled 911. He was saying, \"Just forget about it.\" He said, \"We found him.\"\n\nBERMAN: That's wonderful.\n\nDOI: But that's how they look after ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/87105/file/181415#t=1950.0,1980.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/87105/file/181415/transcript/42577/annotation/67","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"me.\n\nBERMAN: And on that note we can conclude. Thank you.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/87105/file/181415#t=1980.0,2010.0"}]},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/87105/file/181415/annotation_set/1026","type":"AnnotationPage","label":{"en":["Annotations [Transcript]"]},"items":[{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/87105/file/181415/annotation_set/1026/annotation/68","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eMichael Doi was born in Camarillo, California in 1920. During World War II, he served in Europe with Company A, 100th Infantry Battalion, which was incorporated into the 442nd Regimental Combat Team in 1944. After the war, he eventually settled in Georgia with his wife Gene Hashimoto Doi. Michael passed away in October 2014.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/87105/file/181415#t=0.0,30.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/87105/file/181415/annotation_set/1026/annotation/69","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe William Breman Jewish Heritage Museum in Atlanta celebrates and commemorates Jewish history, culture, and art through events and museum spaces. The Breman also contains the Cuba Family Archives for Southern Jewish History, which houses thousands of manuscripts, oral histories, and photograph collections, related to Southern Jewish history and the Holocaust.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/87105/file/181415#t=0.0,30.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/87105/file/181415/annotation_set/1026/annotation/70","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eOxnard is a city in Ventura County, California.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/87105/file/181415#t=90.0,120.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/87105/file/181415/annotation_set/1026/annotation/71","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eCamarillo is a city in Ventura County, California.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/87105/file/181415#t=90.0,120.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/87105/file/181415/annotation_set/1026/annotation/72","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eVentura is the seat of Ventura County, California.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/87105/file/181415#t=240.0,270.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/87105/file/181415/annotation_set/1026/annotation/73","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003ePearl Harbor is located on the island of Oahu, Hawaii, and remains an active US Navy base. On December 7, 1941, Pearl Harbor was bombed by the Japanese military. In response, the United States declared war on Japan, thus bringing the United States into World War II.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/87105/file/181415#t=300.0,330.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/87105/file/181415/annotation_set/1026/annotation/74","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eOn August 6, 1945, the American military dropped an atomic bomb on the Japanese city of Hiroshima, followed by the atomic bombing of the Japanese city of Nagasaki on August 9. Soon after the bombings, Japan surrendered, bringing World War II to a close. As the only use of atomic weapons in history, the bombings of Hiroshima and Nagasaki have remained controversial, sparking intense debate.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/87105/file/181415#t=330.0,360.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/87105/file/181415/annotation_set/1026/annotation/75","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eCamp Grant was located in Rockford, Illinois. During World War II, it was a US Army site that was used for a variety of functions, including as a center for induction, medical personnel training, and prisoner of war detention.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/87105/file/181415#t=450.0,480.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/87105/file/181415/annotation_set/1026/annotation/76","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eCamp Blanding is located in Clay County, Florida. During World War II, Camp Blanding served as a US Army facility. Over the course of the war, its functions included infantry training and prisoner of war detention.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/87105/file/181415#t=480.0,510.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/87105/file/181415/annotation_set/1026/annotation/77","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eFormed in 1942, the 100th Infantry Battalion was a unit within the US Army during World War II. The primarily Nisei (second generation Japanese Americans) battalion was at first composed largely of former members of the Hawaii National Guard, but over the course of the war it included Japanese Americans from other areas of the United States. The 100th was incorporated into the Japanese American 442nd Regimental Combat Team in 1944. For its service length and size, the 100th/442nd became the most decorated unit in the history of the United States armed forces, including 21 Medal of Honor recipients.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/87105/file/181415#t=600.0,630.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/87105/file/181415/annotation_set/1026/annotation/78","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eFormed in 1943, the 442nd Regimental Combat Team of the United States Army was composed of Japanese Americans from both the mainland United States and Hawaii. During World War II, they participated in many important battles in Europe, including in Italy and France. The families of many of its soldiers from the mainland were subject to incarceration by the US government solely due to being of Japanese descent. In 1944, the Japanese American 100th Infantry Battalion was incorporated into the 442nd. For its service length and size, the 100th/442nd became the most decorated unit in the history of the United States armed forces, including 21 Medal of Honor recipients.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/87105/file/181415#t=600.0,630.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/87105/file/181415/annotation_set/1026/annotation/79","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eD-Day refers to the massive Allied invasion of Normandy, France on June 6, 1944. The largest amphibious invasion in history, D-Day is a landmark date in World War II history as it began the liberation of occupied France and the drive inward to Germany.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/87105/file/181415#t=660.0,690.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/87105/file/181415/annotation_set/1026/annotation/80","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe Bronze Star Medal is a US Armed Forces medal in recognization of achievements or service in certain circumstances by a person (military or civilian) serving in any capacity with the armed forces.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/87105/file/181415#t=870.0,900.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/87105/file/181415/annotation_set/1026/annotation/81","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eIn October 1944, the 1st Battalion of the 141st Regiment, 36th “Texas” Division, became separated from the rest of the American forces. The Japanese American soldiers of the 100th Infantry/442nd Regimental Combat Team were ordered to rescue this “Lost Battalion,” which they heroically accomplished, despite heavy casualties. In recognition of their heroism, the 100th/442nd were named “Honorary Texans” by Texas Governor John Connally in 1962 and three individual soldiers, Barney Hajiro, James Okubo, and George Sakato, were each awarded Medals of Honor.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/87105/file/181415#t=900.0,930.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/87105/file/181415/annotation_set/1026/annotation/82","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe Gothic Line was a last major line of Nazi defense in northern Italy. The 442nd Regimental Combat Team’s contributions to the breaking of the Line in April 1945 aided the Allied forces in ending the war in Italy.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/87105/file/181415#t=900.0,930.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/87105/file/181415/annotation_set/1026/annotation/83","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eDallas is the seat of Paulding County, Georgia.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/87105/file/181415#t=990.0,1020.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/87105/file/181415/annotation_set/1026/annotation/84","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eChicago is Illinois’ most populous city, as well as one of the most populous cities in the United States.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/87105/file/181415#t=1140.0,1170.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/87105/file/181415/annotation_set/1026/annotation/85","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003ePaymaster Corporation manufactured the Paymaster check writers, which were devices used to prevent check alterations. Founded in 1917, the Chicago-based company existed for nearly a century before its closing.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/87105/file/181415#t=1140.0,1170.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/87105/file/181415/annotation_set/1026/annotation/86","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe Gila River Relocation Center was one of ten “relocation centers” where in all over 110,000 Japanese Americans were incarcerated during World War II. These “centers” were in fact prisons (now increasingly called concentration camps to reflect the targeted racism and forced incarceration endured by Americans of Japanese descent at these sites). The Gila River Relocation Center was located on the Gila River Indian Reservation in Pinal County, Arizona.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/87105/file/181415#t=1230.0,1260.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/87105/file/181415/annotation_set/1026/annotation/87","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eEstablished in 1933, Dachau was an early Nazi concentration camp and was subsequently used as a model for other camps. It was located in southern Germany near the town of Dachau. Over 200,000 prisoners were incarcerated there between 1933 and 1945 and the number of those who died at this horrific camp is estimated to be in the tens of thousands. American troops liberated Dachau on April 29, 1945.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/87105/file/181415#t=1350.0,1380.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/87105/file/181415/annotation_set/1026/annotation/88","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eFor the majority of their wartime service, the 522nd Field Artillery Battalion was the artillery unit for the 442nd Regimental Combat Team. Beginning in March 1945, the 522nd received separate assignments away from the 442nd and thus became the only Japanese American unit to fight in Germany. During their time in Germany, soldiers from the 522nd liberated prisoners from sub-camps of the Dachau death camp.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/87105/file/181415#t=1350.0,1380.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/87105/file/181415/annotation_set/1026/annotation/89","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eAfter years of activism by Japanese Americans, the Civil Liberties Act of 1988 was finally signed into law by President Ronald Reagan on August 10, 1988. This federal act included a presidential apology for the wartime incarceration of Japanese Americans and $20,000 in reparations for each living survivor of the camps.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/87105/file/181415#t=1530.0,1560.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/87105/file/181415/annotation_set/1026/annotation/90","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eLocated in Inyo County, California, Manzanar was the site of one of ten “relocation centers,” where in all over 110,000 Americans were incarcerated by the US government during World War II solely due to being of Japanese descent. These “centers” were in fact prisons (now increasingly called concentration camps to reflect the targeted racism and forced incarceration endured by Americans of Japanese descent at these sites).\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/87105/file/181415#t=1740.0,1770.0"}]},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/87105/file/181415/index/53014","type":"AnnotationPage","label":{"en":["Doi, Michael [Index]"]},"items":[{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/87105/file/181415/index/53014/annotation/91","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Family History; Growing Up in California","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Title"]}}],"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/87105/file/181415#t=28.0,307.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/87105/file/181415/index/53014/annotation/92","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":" I'd like to begin by really having you go back in time to when your family immigrated from Japan and why they left.","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Partial Transcript"]}}],"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/87105/file/181415#t=28.0,307.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/87105/file/181415/index/53014/annotation/93","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Camarillo, California","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Farming (California)","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Immigration","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Japanese American Communities (California)","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Oxnard, California","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}}],"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/87105/file/181415#t=28.0,307.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/87105/file/181415/index/53014/annotation/94","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Memories of Pearl Harbor; Military Draft; Early Years of War","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Title"]}}],"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/87105/file/181415#t=307.0,607.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/87105/file/181415/index/53014/annotation/95","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"BERMAN: Before the war, before Pearl Harbor, what was the relationship that you had with the general community? Was it always friendly before the war?\nDOI: Yes. I was in Los Angeles, I went to Los Angeles the morning of the . . . of Pearl Harbor, I went to see a movie. I was in the theater when they announced that Pearl Harbor was bombed. And where's Pearl Harbor? Nobody knew where Pearl Harbor was.","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Partial Transcript"]}}],"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/87105/file/181415#t=307.0,607.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/87105/file/181415/index/53014/annotation/96","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Camp Blanding (Florida)","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Camp Grant (Illinois)","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Concentration Camps","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Hiroshima, Japan","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Japanese American Incarceration (World War II)","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Military Draft","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Pearl Harbor","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}}],"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/87105/file/181415#t=307.0,607.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/87105/file/181415/index/53014/annotation/97","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Joining the 100th Battalion; Wartime Service in Italy; Saving the Lost Battalion","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Title"]}}],"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/87105/file/181415#t=607.0,1126.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/87105/file/181415/index/53014/annotation/98","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"BERMAN: Why did your position change? Why did they give you a rifle?\nDOI: Well, they needed replacements, because they did so well, the 100th and the 442nd they did so well overseas, that they needed replacements all the time.","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Partial Transcript"]}}],"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/87105/file/181415#t=607.0,1126.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/87105/file/181415/index/53014/annotation/99","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"100th Infantry Battalion","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"442nd Regimental Combat Team","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Bronze Star Medal","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Combat (World War II)","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Gothic Line (World War II)","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Italy (World War II)","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Lost Battalion (World War II)","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}}],"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/87105/file/181415#t=607.0,1126.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/87105/file/181415/index/53014/annotation/100","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Returning to the United States; Discussion of Japanese American Incarceration during War and the Atomic Bomb","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Title"]}}],"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/87105/file/181415#t=1126.0,1521.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/87105/file/181415/index/53014/annotation/101","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"So you had enough points to get home.","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Partial Transcript"]}}],"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/87105/file/181415#t=1126.0,1521.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/87105/file/181415/index/53014/annotation/102","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"522nd Field Artillery Battalion","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Atomic Bomb","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Chicago, Illinois","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Concentration Camps","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Dachau Concentration Camp","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Gila River Relocation Center","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Hiroshima, Japan","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Japanese American Incarceration (World War II)","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Paymaster Corporation","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}}],"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/87105/file/181415#t=1126.0,1521.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/87105/file/181415/index/53014/annotation/103","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Reparations for Wartime Incarceration; 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