{"@context":"http://iiif.io/api/presentation/3/context.json","id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/iiif/930ns0m98d/manifest","type":"Manifest","label":{"en":["Yabrow, Irene Herskowitz"]},"logo":"https://d9jk7wjtjpu5g.cloudfront.net/organizations/logo_images/000/000/082/original/TheBreman_SecondaryMark_Horizontal_Blue_Black.png?1713640889","metadata":[{"label":{"en":["Date"]},"value":{"en":["2011-01-07 (creation)"]}},{"label":{"en":["Format"]},"value":{"en":["Video"]}},{"label":{"en":["Source"]},"value":{"en":["William Breman Jewish Heritage Museum","Esther and Herbert Taylor Oral History Collection","Jewish Oral History Project of Atlanta"]}},{"label":{"en":["Description"]},"value":{"en":["\u003cp\u003eIrene Herskowitz Yabrow was interviewed by John Kent and Ruth Einstein on January 7, 2011 in Atlanta, Georgia.\u003c/p\u003e (general)","\u003cp\u003eIrene Yabrow, now a resident of Marietta, Georgia, was born Irka Herskowitz in 1935 in Lodz, Poland. She lived with her parents, grandparents, and her sister. Her father was a prominent hairdresser in Lodz, and she lived a very privileged life. Like all Jews, after the Germans arrived in 1939 and when Irene was five years old, the family was forced to move into the Lodz Ghetto. In 1940 her family, including an aunt and her three children and her husband, escaped to Russia. Her father stayed behind and joined the Polish Army.   \u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eOnce in Russia the family was shipped to Siberia. In Siberia her mother had to work, and her sister was put in an orphanage. Irene stayed with her mother. Her mother ended up having twins with a Russian man, so Irene has a half-sister and brother. She was six when they were born. When her mother was working more, she went into the orphanage as well but was not treated right. Her uncle came to get her and she returned to her mother. \u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eThe family was then sent to Shymkent and Tashkent to work in the coal mines near Mongolia. There they lived in huts. Her mother, grandmother half-sister and brother, sister, aunt and her aunt’s three kids all lived in one hut. At seven years old, Irene worked in the coal mines. This situation lasted until 1945. \u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eWhen the war was over, they were sent via cattle cars back to Poland. When they arrived back in Lodz, everything was gone – their home, the beauty parlor. In Poland they found out through the American Consulate that her father was alive and in Germany. At first it was hard to get to Germany, but her mother was smart, and they were able to cross the border. In Germany they went to a DP camp in Lampertheim near Mannheim. \u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eWhen they found her father, he was sick with tuberculosis and in a sanitarium. During the war, he had met a German woman and lived with her. He did not expect her mother to return and he did not want to live with her once he learned she was alive. Her mother did not have a second partner with her, only the children from a one-time sexual encounter. Her mother was most concerned that he would help support the children. She led him to believe that the twins were his. He never knew the difference.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eLife in Germany after the war in the DP camps was the worst time for Irene. She called it the “misery of my whole life.” She did black marketing. While doing this she met a man named Willy, who her mother eventually married. When the DP camp in Lampertheim was closed they were moved to Ulm, Germany. Her sister was married by this time and did not go. She and her husband went to Paris, France because he had family there. \u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eOnce in Ulm, her mother left her and the twins and went to live with Willy. She thought they would be safe in the DP camp. Irene was now 12 and the twins were six. In Ulm she was raped by two Polish concentration camp survivors over the course of the year. She was told that if she said anything, they would kill her brother and sister. She finally was able to leave Ulm when her older sister came to say goodbye before moving to the United States. It was her sister that made her mother take her back. Irene did not say why it was so bad for her in Ulm. She held that secret inside until a couple years before she was interviewed.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eWhen she and the twins went to live with her mother and Willy, his brother beat her up because she was defiant. Irene was very independent. She did not tell Willy because she did not want to upset him. She then began to go to Mannheim each morning to work for the woman her father had met. She was a dressmaker.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eIrene and her family’s quota finally came, and they went to the United States in 1951 on the SS Sturgis. Her mother married Willy and he followed them. At the time of the interview Willy was still living. \u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eUpon arrival to the United States, they moved to Flushing Avenue in Brooklyn, New York. Irene lived with her sister and the twins lived with her mother and Willy. They had an apartment right away because her grandmother was already there. Irene was 16 and went right to work. She worked in a brassiere factory and a luncheonette. Once she saved up enough money, she went to beauty culture school and became a hairdresser. \u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eIrene married a Jewish man named Eddie. They had five children and nine grandchildren. He was a salesman and then a teacher so she continued to work to provide the best for her children. Her children were the center of her life. She would do anything for her children. Eventually, she and Eddie would divorce, but on good terms. \u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eUpon her divorce, she made a living running the day camp she and Eddie had run together. This was all she had from the divorce. She continued to run the camp even when she moved to Atlanta. In Atlanta she does volunteer work and helps out some friends in their businesses. She also spent four years taking care of her friend Ruthie who died of Lou Gehrig’s disease. \u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eShe also cared for her father, traveling back and forth to Germany, when his health was deteriorating. She was the only one who went back and buried him. If she did not feel this responsibility, she would never have stepped foot in Germany and never will again.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eFour of her five children live in Atlanta, Georgia along with eight of her grandchildren. One daughter remains in New York and has a daughter. Her greatest desire is to see her grandchildren go to college.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eShe is very well read. Her one regret is that she never went to school and does not know how to write. She is very proud to be an American. She has traveled, but she stands firm that the United States in the best place to live and travel. She stressed her value for freedom and specifically mentioned that everyone should vote. \u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eAt the time of the interview, she was still very independent and demonstrated much strength. She certainly worked for everything she achieved in life and is proud of her accomplishments.\u003c/p\u003e (bioghist)","\u003cp\u003eIrene shares a brief description of her life in Lodz, Poland before she and her family are forced to move to the Lodz Ghetto. She then discusses her escape to Russia with her mother, sister, aunt and her three children and her husband and their journey to Siberia and ultimately Chimkent and Tashkent near the Mongolian border. She was five years old in 1940 when they left Poland. Until 1945 she remained in Chimkent and Tashkent working in the coal mines and living in a hut with her family. She speaks of her mother meeting a Russian man and having twins, a boy and a girl. Her father stayed behind and joined the Polish Army. In 1945 she and her family, now including the twins, return to Poland. There they find everything destroyed but learn that her father is alive and in Germany. They make their way to Germany where they find her father who is sick with Tuberculosis. He also had met a German woman and was living with her. In Germany, Irene works the black market and meets a man named Willy who ultimately marries her mother. They are in the displaced persons camp in Lampertheim, Germany near Mannheim. There her older sister meets a man who is a concentration camp survivor. They get married and move to Paris, France. From Lampertheim she is moved to Ulm, Germany. In Ulm, Irene is raped by two concentration camp survivors from Warsaw, Poland over the course of a year. Her mother lived with Willy at this time and left Irene and the twins in the DP camp, in Ulm. When her sister returns to say goodbye before immigrating to the United States, Irene tells her how bad life is. She then moves back along with the twins to her mother and Willy. Living with Willy he has a brother that beats her. Eventually their quota to go to the United States comes up and they take the SS Sturgis to America and settle in Brooklyn, New York. She is now 16 years old. She works from the time she arrives. In Brooklyn she meets and marries Eddie, an American. Together they have five children. She expresses how she would do anything for her children and still does. One-by-one four of her children and eight grandchildren move to Atlanta, Georgia and she follows. One daughter remains in New York and she has a daughter. Irene loves living in the United States. She is proud to be American. She never wants to set foot in Germany but does travel there numerous times to tend to her sick father. Her final visit was to bury him. Never having gone to school, she is unable to write, but she is a voracious reader. She learned to be independent from a very young age and is still that way. She worked hard her entire life becoming successful running a day camp in New York. In Atlanta she does volunteer work, helps work for friends in their businesses, and helps out her children. She is not one to participate in Holocaust Survivor organizations or meetings. Her desire in life is to see all of her grandchildren go to college.\u003c/p\u003e (scope content)"]}},{"label":{"en":["Source Metadata URI"]},"value":{"en":["https://archivesspace.thebreman.org/repositories/2/archival_objects/28048"]}},{"label":{"en":["Rights Statement"]},"value":{"en":["\u003cp\u003eAll rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, recorded by any information storage and retrieval system, without the express written consent of the William Breman Jewish Heritage Museum.\u003c/p\u003e"]}},{"label":{"en":["Subject"]},"value":{"en":["Irene Herskowitz Yabrow (personal name)","Adele Herskowitz Besserman (personal name)","Henry Heniek Herskowitz (personal name)","Karola Herskowitz (personal name)","Sam Besserman (personal name)","Alicia Yabrow (personal name)","Anita Yabrow (personal name)","Ed Yabrow (personal name)","Marty Yabrow (personal name)","Phillip Yabrow (personal name)","Simone Yabrow (personal name)","Lodz, Poland (geographic term)","Shymkent, Kazakhstan (geographic term)","Tashkent, Uzbekistan (geographic term)","Lampertheim, Germany (geographic term)","Mannheim, Germany (geographic term)","Ulm, Germany (geographic term)","Frankfurt, Germany (geographic term)","Siberia, Russia (geographic term)","Brooklyn, New York (geographic term)","Atlanta, Georgia (geographic term)","United States of America (geographic term)","Lodz Ghetto (geographic term)","Displaced Persons Camp (topical term)","Ghettos (topical term)","World War II (topical term)","Anti-Semitism (topical term)","Holocaust (topical term)","Holocaust Survivors (topical term)","Judaism (topical term)","German War Reparations (topical term)","Tuberculosis (topical term)","Polish Army (topical term)","Cattle Cars (topical term)"]}}],"summary":{"en":["\u003cp\u003eIrene Herskowitz Yabrow was interviewed by John Kent and Ruth Einstein on January 7, 2011 in Atlanta, Georgia.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIrene Yabrow, now a resident of Marietta, Georgia, was born Irka Herskowitz in 1935 in Lodz, Poland. She lived with her parents, grandparents, and her sister. Her father was a prominent hairdresser in Lodz, and she lived a very privileged life. Like all Jews, after the Germans arrived in 1939 and when Irene was five years old, the family was forced to move into the Lodz Ghetto. In 1940 her family, including an aunt and her three children and her husband, escaped to Russia. Her father stayed behind and joined the Polish Army.   \u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eOnce in Russia the family was shipped to Siberia. In Siberia her mother had to work, and her sister was put in an orphanage. Irene stayed with her mother. Her mother ended up having twins with a Russian man, so Irene has a half-sister and brother. She was six when they were born. When her mother was working more, she went into the orphanage as well but was not treated right. Her uncle came to get her and she returned to her mother. \u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eThe family was then sent to Shymkent and Tashkent to work in the coal mines near Mongolia. There they lived in huts. Her mother, grandmother half-sister and brother, sister, aunt and her aunt’s three kids all lived in one hut. At seven years old, Irene worked in the coal mines. This situation lasted until 1945. \u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eWhen the war was over, they were sent via cattle cars back to Poland. When they arrived back in Lodz, everything was gone – their home, the beauty parlor. In Poland they found out through the American Consulate that her father was alive and in Germany. At first it was hard to get to Germany, but her mother was smart, and they were able to cross the border. In Germany they went to a DP camp in Lampertheim near Mannheim. \u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eWhen they found her father, he was sick with tuberculosis and in a sanitarium. During the war, he had met a German woman and lived with her. He did not expect her mother to return and he did not want to live with her once he learned she was alive. Her mother did not have a second partner with her, only the children from a one-time sexual encounter. Her mother was most concerned that he would help support the children. She led him to believe that the twins were his. He never knew the difference.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eLife in Germany after the war in the DP camps was the worst time for Irene. She called it the “misery of my whole life.” She did black marketing. While doing this she met a man named Willy, who her mother eventually married. When the DP camp in Lampertheim was closed they were moved to Ulm, Germany. Her sister was married by this time and did not go. She and her husband went to Paris, France because he had family there. \u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eOnce in Ulm, her mother left her and the twins and went to live with Willy. She thought they would be safe in the DP camp. Irene was now 12 and the twins were six. In Ulm she was raped by two Polish concentration camp survivors over the course of the year. She was told that if she said anything, they would kill her brother and sister. She finally was able to leave Ulm when her older sister came to say goodbye before moving to the United States. It was her sister that made her mother take her back. Irene did not say why it was so bad for her in Ulm. She held that secret inside until a couple years before she was interviewed.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eWhen she and the twins went to live with her mother and Willy, his brother beat her up because she was defiant. Irene was very independent. She did not tell Willy because she did not want to upset him. She then began to go to Mannheim each morning to work for the woman her father had met. She was a dressmaker.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eIrene and her family’s quota finally came, and they went to the United States in 1951 on the SS Sturgis. Her mother married Willy and he followed them. At the time of the interview Willy was still living. \u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eUpon arrival to the United States, they moved to Flushing Avenue in Brooklyn, New York. Irene lived with her sister and the twins lived with her mother and Willy. They had an apartment right away because her grandmother was already there. Irene was 16 and went right to work. She worked in a brassiere factory and a luncheonette. Once she saved up enough money, she went to beauty culture school and became a hairdresser. \u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eIrene married a Jewish man named Eddie. They had five children and nine grandchildren. He was a salesman and then a teacher so she continued to work to provide the best for her children. Her children were the center of her life. She would do anything for her children. Eventually, she and Eddie would divorce, but on good terms. \u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eUpon her divorce, she made a living running the day camp she and Eddie had run together. This was all she had from the divorce. She continued to run the camp even when she moved to Atlanta. In Atlanta she does volunteer work and helps out some friends in their businesses. She also spent four years taking care of her friend Ruthie who died of Lou Gehrig’s disease. \u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eShe also cared for her father, traveling back and forth to Germany, when his health was deteriorating. She was the only one who went back and buried him. If she did not feel this responsibility, she would never have stepped foot in Germany and never will again.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eFour of her five children live in Atlanta, Georgia along with eight of her grandchildren. One daughter remains in New York and has a daughter. Her greatest desire is to see her grandchildren go to college.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eShe is very well read. Her one regret is that she never went to school and does not know how to write. She is very proud to be an American. She has traveled, but she stands firm that the United States in the best place to live and travel. She stressed her value for freedom and specifically mentioned that everyone should vote. \u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eAt the time of the interview, she was still very independent and demonstrated much strength. She certainly worked for everything she achieved in life and is proud of her accomplishments.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIrene shares a brief description of her life in Lodz, Poland before she and her family are forced to move to the Lodz Ghetto. She then discusses her escape to Russia with her mother, sister, aunt and her three children and her husband and their journey to Siberia and ultimately Chimkent and Tashkent near the Mongolian border. She was five years old in 1940 when they left Poland. Until 1945 she remained in Chimkent and Tashkent working in the coal mines and living in a hut with her family. She speaks of her mother meeting a Russian man and having twins, a boy and a girl. Her father stayed behind and joined the Polish Army. In 1945 she and her family, now including the twins, return to Poland. There they find everything destroyed but learn that her father is alive and in Germany. They make their way to Germany where they find her father who is sick with Tuberculosis. He also had met a German woman and was living with her. In Germany, Irene works the black market and meets a man named Willy who ultimately marries her mother. They are in the displaced persons camp in Lampertheim, Germany near Mannheim. There her older sister meets a man who is a concentration camp survivor. They get married and move to Paris, France. From Lampertheim she is moved to Ulm, Germany. In Ulm, Irene is raped by two concentration camp survivors from Warsaw, Poland over the course of a year. Her mother lived with Willy at this time and left Irene and the twins in the DP camp, in Ulm. When her sister returns to say goodbye before immigrating to the United States, Irene tells her how bad life is. She then moves back along with the twins to her mother and Willy. Living with Willy he has a brother that beats her. Eventually their quota to go to the United States comes up and they take the SS Sturgis to America and settle in Brooklyn, New York. She is now 16 years old. She works from the time she arrives. In Brooklyn she meets and marries Eddie, an American. Together they have five children. She expresses how she would do anything for her children and still does. One-by-one four of her children and eight grandchildren move to Atlanta, Georgia and she follows. One daughter remains in New York and she has a daughter. Irene loves living in the United States. She is proud to be American. She never wants to set foot in Germany but does travel there numerous times to tend to her sick father. Her final visit was to bury him. Never having gone to school, she is unable to write, but she is a voracious reader. She learned to be independent from a very young age and is still that way. She worked hard her entire life becoming successful running a day camp in New York. In Atlanta she does volunteer work, helps work for friends in their businesses, and helps out her children. She is not one to participate in Holocaust Survivor organizations or meetings. Her desire in life is to see all of her grandchildren go to college.\u003c/p\u003e"]},"requiredStatement":{"label":{"en":["Attribution"]},"value":{"en":["\u003cp\u003eAll rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, recorded by any information storage and retrieval system, without the express written consent of the William Breman Jewish Heritage Museum.\u003c/p\u003e"]}},"provider":[{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/aboutus","type":"Agent","label":{"en":["William Breman Jewish Heritage Museum"]},"homepage":[{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/","type":"Text","label":{"en":["William Breman Jewish Heritage Museum"]},"format":"text/html"}],"logo":[{"id":"https://d9jk7wjtjpu5g.cloudfront.net/organizations/logo_images/000/000/082/original/TheBreman_SecondaryMark_Horizontal_Blue_Black.png?1713640889","type":"Image"}]}],"thumbnail":[{"id":"https://d9jk7wjtjpu5g.cloudfront.net/collection_resource_files/thumbnails/000/101/029/small/Irene_Yabrow.png?1619304953","type":"Image","format":"image/png"}],"items":[{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32282/file/101029","type":"Canvas","label":{"en":["Media File 1 of 1 - Yabrow_Irene.mp4"]},"duration":3933.89,"width":640,"height":360,"thumbnail":[{"id":"https://d9jk7wjtjpu5g.cloudfront.net/collection_resource_files/thumbnails/000/101/029/small/Irene_Yabrow.png?1619304953","type":"Image","format":"image/png"}],"items":[{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32282/file/101029/content/1","type":"AnnotationPage","items":[{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32282/file/101029/content/1/annotation/1","type":"Annotation","motivation":"painting","body":{"id":"https://aviary-p-thebreman.s3.wasabisys.com/collection_resource_files/resource_files/000/101/029/original/Yabrow_Irene.mp4?1605023388","type":"Video","format":"video/mp4","duration":3933.89,"width":640,"height":360},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32282/file/101029","metadata":[]}]}],"annotations":[{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32282/file/101029/transcript/20868","type":"AnnotationPage","label":{"en":["Yabrow, Irene [Transcript]"]},"items":[{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32282/file/101029/transcript/20868/annotation/1","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"EINSTEIN: Today is January 7, 2011. We are here in the apartment of Irene\nYabrow in Marietta, Georgia. John Kent is the interviewer. This is an interview\nfor the Esther and Herbert Taylor Oral History Project of The William Breman\nJewish Heritage and Holocaust Museum. Thank you both for being here today. Let\nthis commence.\n\nKENT: Let's start with what ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32282/file/101029#t=0.0,30.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32282/file/101029/transcript/20868/annotation/2","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"your original name was at birth and where and when.\n\nYABROW: It was Irka Herskowitz. 1935, Lodz, Poland.\n\nKENT: Spell your name.\n\nYABROW: H-E-R-S-K-O-W-I-T-Z . . . I-R-K-A\n\nKENT: Who were the people in your immediate family that you grew up with?\n\nYABROW: I grew up with ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32282/file/101029#t=30.0,60.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32282/file/101029/transcript/20868/annotation/3","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"my mother and father, grandma and grandpa then.\n\nKENT: And their names?\n\nYABROW: Henry--Heniek really--and Karola was my mother. My grandma was Leah and\nmy grandpa was Zedye ben Zion. I had a sister named Adele. She was older than me\nby five ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32282/file/101029#t=60.0,90.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32282/file/101029/transcript/20868/annotation/4","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"years.\n\nKENT: What memories do you have as a young girl?\n\nYABROW: My father was a prominent hairdresser. We had our own home. We had\nmaids. We had even toilet facilities. We were very prominent people. I remember\nwhen the Germans came . . . ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32282/file/101029#t=90.0,120.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32282/file/101029/transcript/20868/annotation/5","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"they took us out of our home. We went into the Lodz\nghetto. My father kept the hairdressing salon. For a while we worked in the\nsalon, my sister and I. We were allowed to go back and forth. We stayed for a\nwhile at the ghetto. In 1940, we escaped to ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32282/file/101029#t=120.0,150.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32282/file/101029/transcript/20868/annotation/6","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Russia. My father then went into the\nPolish army. My mother, my aunt, my grandma, my aunt's three children, and her\nhusband, we all went to Russia over the border. Whoever ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32282/file/101029#t=150.0,180.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32282/file/101029/transcript/20868/annotation/7","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"went was fine. My\ngrandpa, my aunts, my first cousins . . . except for my uncle--he\nsurvived--everybody else was killed in the concentration camps.\n\nKENT: What memories do you have of Lodz and the ghetto during the period?\n\nYABROW: The only memories that I have . . . I was about four or five years old .\n. . was the ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32282/file/101029#t=180.0,210.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32282/file/101029/transcript/20868/annotation/8","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"soldiers there. We went there . . . it wasn't used to having the\nmaid give us breakfast and having the luxury and being scared. My mother was a\nvery beautiful woman and even one of the soldiers told her, \"Get out of here.\nTake your kids and run.\" She ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32282/file/101029#t=210.0,240.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32282/file/101029/transcript/20868/annotation/9","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"listened. Whoever did not listen to her died. Most\nof us that did leave for Russia survived.\n\nKENT: Do you remember the feeling in the air for you as a little kid?\n\nYABROW: It wasn't pleasant because the men were being beaten up. The kids were\nleft alone and we always used to hide most of the time. Somehow they let us--my\nsister and I and my mom--go to the beauty ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32282/file/101029#t=240.0,270.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32282/file/101029/transcript/20868/annotation/10","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"parlor, to the hair dressing salon, to\nhelp out because my father still worked there and the soldiers used to come in.\nOwned it but then they took everything away when we ran away.\n\nKENT: What do you remember about how you were all able to actually leave?\n\nYABROW: I remember in the middle of the . . . when we were outside, my mother\nsaid, \"Get up. Be quiet.\" We all ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32282/file/101029#t=270.0,300.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32282/file/101029/transcript/20868/annotation/11","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"just left and went over the border into Russia.\nOnce we got there, they shipped us to Siberia.\n\nKENT: How far was Lodz from the safe border?\n\nYABROW: That I don't know, but nothing is that far apart there. I know it took\nus days to get out of Lodz. Once you got out of Lodz, you didn't ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32282/file/101029#t=300.0,330.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32282/file/101029/transcript/20868/annotation/12","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"have that\nproblem. The Germans were not yet that far in.\n\nKENT: Do you know if you had to wear any identification, yellow stars, or passports?\n\nYABROW: No, we did not wear yellow stars. We took everything off. That, I\nremember. We did not.\n\nKENT: Nobody would have known who you were if you had got stopped?\n\nYABROW: No.\n\nKENT: Was the ghetto sealed up?\n\nYABROW: It was closed. You could not come and go. You were allowed to come in\nand out ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32282/file/101029#t=330.0,360.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32282/file/101029/transcript/20868/annotation/13","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"but you were not able to say, \"I don't feel like staying here.\" You were\nnot allowed to just, \"Okay, I'm leaving.\"\n\nKENT: They kept track of who was going to work and coming back?\n\nYABROW: Yes.\n\nKENT: They would know right away that your family didn't come home?\n\nYABROW: Yes.\n\nKENT: What do you remember about the trip away from there then?\n\nYABROW: Nothing. Most the time we were running, getting out, and going fast.\nThere were really a bunch of ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32282/file/101029#t=360.0,390.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32282/file/101029/transcript/20868/annotation/14","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"us. Once we got into Russia, the Russians picked us\nup. Then they took us into Siberia to a place where they gave us housing. I\nremember mom had to work. Mom went to work. My sister went to a . . . because\nshe was older . . . ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32282/file/101029#t=390.0,420.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32282/file/101029/transcript/20868/annotation/15","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"like an orphanage. She stayed in the orphanage and I stayed\nwith my mother and then . . .\n\nKENT: What was your dad doing?\n\nYABROW: He was in the Polish Army. He was gone. My father was gone.\n\nKENT: Do you remember, did he talk to you all about what he was going to do and why?\n\nYABROW: No, he joined the army. He and my ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32282/file/101029#t=420.0,450.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32282/file/101029/transcript/20868/annotation/16","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"two uncles joined the army, the Polish\nArmy. They were fighting. I did not see my father until 1945 in Germany. I'm\ngoing ahead. In Russia, my mom . . . as I said, she was gorgeous . . . and the\nman abused her, not abused her. She had a ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32282/file/101029#t=450.0,480.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32282/file/101029/transcript/20868/annotation/17","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"man and then I had a sister and a\nbrother. They are six years younger than me but it wasn't from my father. I\nwound up in the orphanage too because they want my mother to work more hours.\nThey didn't want her to have three kids with her. I wasn't treated right and my\nuncle came. My other uncle came and took me ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32282/file/101029#t=480.0,510.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32282/file/101029/transcript/20868/annotation/18","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"out because it was really bad in the\norphanage. Then I stayed with my mother.\n\nKENT: How did your mom explain to you that she has a new husband or . . .\n\nYABROW: No husband . . .\n\nKENT: . . . or a new partner?\n\nYABROW: When you were that young you didn't realize it. You have a sister and\nbrother. They were born a year and a half . . . a year after my father . . . I\nwas born in 1935, so my ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32282/file/101029#t=510.0,540.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32282/file/101029/transcript/20868/annotation/19","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"sister and brother five years, six years younger . . .\nso you figure that . . . you don't know.\n\nKENT: Was that a Russian person or another . . .\n\nYABROW: It was a Russian person. That's why, when you see a picture of my sister\nand brother, they look totally different then we do in the family, but I love\nthem both.\n\nKENT: You and your first sister were in the same orphanage or different ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32282/file/101029#t=540.0,570.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32282/file/101029/transcript/20868/annotation/20","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"ones?\n\nYABROW: Same orphanage. She was a dancer and entertainer. She's gorgeous. She\nstayed there. Then from there, we went to Shymkent and Tashkent. Now it's\nsomething else. We were put on cattle cars and sent there to work in the\ncoalmines. It's now Asia, right on the Mongolian/Asia boarder. That I remember,\neverything ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32282/file/101029#t=570.0,600.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32282/file/101029/transcript/20868/annotation/21","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"there. We lived in little huts.\n\nKENT: What kind of work exactly was going on there?\n\nYABROW: Coal mines.\n\nKENT: And in Siberia, before you left?\n\nYABROW: There my mother did all kinds of work. I did not work in Siberia. When\nwe got from Siberia to . . . they shipped us because there was no food there.\nThey shipped all the Jews really out of Siberia ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32282/file/101029#t=600.0,630.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32282/file/101029/transcript/20868/annotation/22","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"further inland. They were\nafraid. The Russians were not mean to us, don't get me wrong. They shipped us to\n. . . it's called Tashkent and Shymkent. Now it's . . . what is it called now? I\nforgot, but I can look it up. There we lived in those huts like what they live\nnow in Egypt. When I was in Egypt recently it reminded ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32282/file/101029#t=630.0,660.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32282/file/101029/transcript/20868/annotation/23","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"me. Made out of clay with\nthe straw on top. There was my grandma, my mother, my sister and brother, my\nother sister, and my aunt with her three kids. I think the whole room was a\nquarter size of this and that with the dogs and cats. That's what we ate.\n\nKENT: What were you doing all day?\n\nYABROW: At that age, I was seven years old. We worked in the ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32282/file/101029#t=660.0,690.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32282/file/101029/transcript/20868/annotation/24","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"coalmines. I helped\nmy mother in the coalmines. We had to work.\n\nKENT: What were you doing?\n\nYABROW: Pulling out the coal onto this and whatever.\n\nKENT: At seven years old?\n\nYABROW: Until 1945 we did that there. But we survived.\n\nKENT: You spent four or five years over there?\n\nYABROW: Three-and-a-half, almost four years over there.\n\nKENT: Was that an actual city or were you out in the countryside?\n\nYABROW: Shymkent, Tashkent . . . ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32282/file/101029#t=690.0,720.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32282/file/101029/transcript/20868/annotation/25","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"what is it called now? But if you look it up .\n. . but since all this change was . . . That's what it was: Tashkent and\nShymkent. First we went to Tashkent or Shymkent . . . It's coalmines. That's\nnear Mongolia. Then when the war was over, again we were put on cattle cars and\nbrought ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32282/file/101029#t=720.0,750.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32282/file/101029/transcript/20868/annotation/26","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"back to Poland. When we got back to Poland--my mother, and again my\ngrandma was always with us, and my aunt, and her three kids . . . because my\nfather and my uncle were in the army. We got back to Poland, there was\nabsolutely nothing there. Our beauty parlor was gone. Our home was ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32282/file/101029#t=750.0,780.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32282/file/101029/transcript/20868/annotation/27","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"gone.\nEverything was gone.\n\nKENT: Do you know if your mom expected to meet with your father again or did she\nthink he might have died in the war?\n\nYABROW: No. Then we found out through . . . somehow the American Consulate that\nmy father is alive and in Germany. It wasn't that easy. We tried to get from\nPoland to Germany ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32282/file/101029#t=780.0,810.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32282/file/101029/transcript/20868/annotation/28","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"but we were not allowed to. Again, my mother--smart\ncookie--got us through the . . .\n\nKENT: The check point?\n\nYABROW: . . . the borders. We came back into Germany to a displaced person camp\nwhere the Americans . . . They sent us to Lampertheim. That was near Mannheim.\nThat's where ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32282/file/101029#t=810.0,840.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32282/file/101029/transcript/20868/annotation/29","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"they found out my father was there. When my mother came with us to\nLampertheim--which is a two-hour train ride to Mannheim--my father thought that\nwe were dead and we thought my father was dead. He had very bad TB and he was\nsick. He was in a sanitarium. He met a German woman and they ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32282/file/101029#t=840.0,870.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32282/file/101029/transcript/20868/annotation/30","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"lived . . . When my\nmother came back, he didn't want to live with her.\n\nKENT: Did your mom's second partner go with you?\n\nYABROW: No. Whoever my mom had the kids with, we don't know. He probably just\nraped her or had sex with her. Hello. Goodbye. It wasn't a love affair. That was\nin Siberia.\n\nKENT: When they meet . . .\n\nYABROW: ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32282/file/101029#t=870.0,900.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32282/file/101029/transcript/20868/annotation/31","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"That was a lot of problems. There was this woman; her name was Eva\nBalker. It is amazing what you remember. My mother took me with her to his\nhouse. She says, \"What are you going to do? Are you going to support the kids or\nnot?\" She never told him that the kids, my sister and brother, were not his. My\nfather never knew. He thought they ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32282/file/101029#t=900.0,930.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32282/file/101029/transcript/20868/annotation/32","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"were his real children . . . his children.\nShe did not do a nice thing. She picked up a big vase and hit him over the head.\nHe wound up in the hospital. My mom was a nice mom, but not a nice mom. That was\nthe story and then they . . .\n\nKENT: What was it like for you to see your father again after half a lifetime?\n\nYABROW: We didn't know him. It was my ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32282/file/101029#t=930.0,960.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32282/file/101029/transcript/20868/annotation/33","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"father. My mother was with us all our life\nand she sacrificed a lot; so, you stick up for your mother. Then we went back\nand forth in Germany. That was the misery of my whole life.\n\nKENT: Tell us . . .\n\nYABROW: ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32282/file/101029#t=960.0,990.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32282/file/101029/transcript/20868/annotation/34","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"That's when I did black marketing so we could eat. We were living in\nLampertheim. My sister got married to a concentration survivor--a nice guy--and\nthey left for France. Then, they came back from France. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32282/file/101029#t=990.0,1020.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32282/file/101029/transcript/20868/annotation/35","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"No. They got married and\nstayed. My sister stayed for a while. I stayed with my mother. Then I did black\nmarketing and I met somebody. We were both on the same train and we jumped off.\nWe did not want to get arrested. That was . . . his name was Willy. When my mom\ncame to the station to get me ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32282/file/101029#t=1020.0,1050.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32282/file/101029/transcript/20868/annotation/36","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"out, I said, \"Mom, he helped me off the train. Why\ndon't you help him get out?\" and they met. That was the whole story. We had to .\n. . the American closed the whole camp at Lampertheim. We were sent to Ulm. My\nmother and I and the twins were sent to Ulm. My sister already was married so\nshe didn't ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32282/file/101029#t=1050.0,1080.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32282/file/101029/transcript/20868/annotation/37","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"go. She went to Paris with her new husband because he had family there.\n\nKENT: Do you remember his name?\n\nYABROW: Sam Besserman, my brother-in-law. He just passed away four years ago.\nGreat man. We went to the concentration . . . we went to Ulm. In Ulm, my mother\nalready ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32282/file/101029#t=1080.0,1110.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32282/file/101029/transcript/20868/annotation/38","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"knew Willy. She says, \"I'm going to leave you here. You'll be safe with\nthe two kids.\" I was 11 years, 12 years old and the twins were six years old\nbecause there is a six year difference. This was a displaced person camp while\nwe were waiting for quota to come to the United States. My mom ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32282/file/101029#t=1110.0,1140.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32282/file/101029/transcript/20868/annotation/39","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"went to\nLampertheim, to . . . Lampertheim. She stayed with Willy then. He was a\nwonderful man. I can say that. He stayed there. They both stayed. I was terribly\nabused by two Jewish . . . our concentration camp survivors. They said, ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32282/file/101029#t=1140.0,1170.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32282/file/101029/transcript/20868/annotation/40","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\"If you\nsay anything, we are going to kill your sister and brother.\" So I did not say\nanything. You went through a lot. That is when you were raped and abused for\nalmost a year. I'm sorry. I never said . . . Then my sister came to say goodbye\nbecause she got the quota to come to the United ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32282/file/101029#t=1170.0,1200.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32282/file/101029/transcript/20868/annotation/41","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"States with her son and Sam, her\nhusband. When she came I said, \"Please get me out of here. They are killing me.\"\nShe made my mother take me back where she was with Willy. Willy was very sweet\nto us--to me and the twins--and we stayed ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32282/file/101029#t=1200.0,1230.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32282/file/101029/transcript/20868/annotation/42","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"there. He had a brother that was a\nreal Nazi. He was, his younger brother. He started beating me up for no reason\nbecause I didn't want to listen to him. I was very defiant. I was on my own all\nthe time. I did everything on my own. I was very independent, until this day. I\nnever told Willy because ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32282/file/101029#t=1230.0,1260.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32282/file/101029/transcript/20868/annotation/43","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I didn't want to upset him. That's when my father took\nover. He met a wonderful woman. I used to work for her in Mannheim. I used to go\nto them every morning and learned how to sew clothes. She was a dressmaker. Then\nafter a while, our quota came and we came to the United States.\n\nKENT: Just to go back a little bit to the ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32282/file/101029#t=1260.0,1290.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32282/file/101029/transcript/20868/annotation/44","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"DP camp. Was anybody in charge there\ntaking care of the kids?\n\nYABROW: The Americans . . . no, nobody. I was taking care of the kids.\n\nKENT: You were 11 or 12 years old?\n\nYABROW: Twelve years old. No, there was no such thing. We all lived in a big\nroom like this, with curtains . . . divided. I remember the little butter or the\nlittle food we had we used to put it on the window to keep it cool. No, there\nwere no . . . The Americans ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32282/file/101029#t=1290.0,1320.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32282/file/101029/transcript/20868/annotation/45","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"were in charge but they never came. They made sure\nwe had food and things.\n\nKENT: There weren't nurses or anybody monitoring things?\n\nYABROW: No, nobody, not in 1945 and 1946. No, not in the DP camp. It was like\nbarracks we lived in.\n\nKENT: Do you know anything about those two guys who attacked you?\n\nYABROW: ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32282/file/101029#t=1320.0,1350.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32282/file/101029/transcript/20868/annotation/46","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"No. It's just like you wanted to get it out of your mind. One was . . .\nI even forgot their names. I can't think of their names. Maybe if I think hard.\nThere were two men and . . .\n\nKENT: How old were they?\n\nYABROW: They must have been early ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32282/file/101029#t=1350.0,1380.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32282/file/101029/transcript/20868/annotation/47","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"thirties. They were not young because\notherwise they would have been dead in the concentration camp, and they were not\nin their sixties. They'd be dead, too.\n\nKENT: Do you remember what country they were from?\n\nYABROW: They were Polish. They were from Warsaw. That I remember. But I don't\nknow their name and it took maybe two months, three months. They came in later.\nI was there for at least ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32282/file/101029#t=1380.0,1410.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32282/file/101029/transcript/20868/annotation/48","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"six months; but they came in a little later. They came\nin just before . . . that's when I came. I said to myself, \"I can't. Don't do\nit.\" We lived there for a year . . . six months, eight months . . .\n\nKENT: Is there anything more you are willing to say about that? I mean, I don't\nwant to push you that much.\n\nYABROW: No. That was it. Whenever they felt like it because . . . Most of them\nwere couples there, or husbands and wives with ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32282/file/101029#t=1410.0,1440.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32282/file/101029/transcript/20868/annotation/49","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"their kids. But I was the only\none. We were there--my mother, me, and the kids--but, she left to go back to her boyfriend.\n\nKENT: How was there any privacy in a place like that? How could any . . .\n\nYABROW: There was just curtains. People didn't care. You know people.\n\nKENT: You weren't allowed to scream?\n\nYABROW: No, no screaming, no nothing. They knew when to do it. But they didn't .\n. . it wasn't like every night, every day, or ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32282/file/101029#t=1440.0,1470.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32282/file/101029/transcript/20868/annotation/50","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"whatever. Somehow they knew. One\nstayed out. One stayed in. It was never together. Remember those people went to\nwork, too. We all were waiting for our quota to get to the United States. It was\nfreedom. There was food. It was Ulm. I don't know if you know . . .\n\nKENT: Were there any adults there who befriended you ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32282/file/101029#t=1470.0,1500.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32282/file/101029/transcript/20868/annotation/51","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"or tried to help you along?\n\nYABROW: No. It was like everybody is on their own. Everybody was afraid of each\nother. Some were let right out of concentration camps. Some were coming from\nlike we came. Nobody trusted anybody. You left something out, you were afraid it\nwas going to be gone in an hour.\n\nKENT: If they see a young girl crying nobody ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32282/file/101029#t=1500.0,1530.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32282/file/101029/transcript/20868/annotation/52","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"would come to you?\n\nYABROW: No. Everybody mind their own business. I was 11, 12, or 13. Yes, about\n12 or 13.\n\nKENT: How did you get through that? How did you stay strong if nobody was\nbacking you up?\n\nYABROW: You just stay. You just stay and you survive. I think that was the\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32282/file/101029#t=1530.0,1560.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32282/file/101029/transcript/20868/annotation/53","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"worst. The hunger in Russia, the hunger there . . . but after the war, then\ngoing back to Germany, back to Mannheim, and my mother living with her\nboyfriend. He was like . . . I was just with my stepfather. He was with my\nmother for 51 years. He was 20 years younger than my mother when they got\nmarried. I just went there. I ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32282/file/101029#t=1560.0,1590.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32282/file/101029/transcript/20868/annotation/54","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"did his house again. Helped him out. He says, \"Why\ndidn't you tell me\"--because we were even talking--\"about what Werner did to\nyou?\" I said, \"Willy, what good would it have done? Where would we have gone? We\nhad to be on the run again?\" The years are messed up on me a little now.\n\nKENT: How exactly did that phase of the ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32282/file/101029#t=1590.0,1620.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32282/file/101029/transcript/20868/annotation/55","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"DP camp end?\n\nYABROW: The DP camp that my sister came and we went back to my stepfather,\nWilly's house--that's what I call--in . . . We waited there until 1945 to come\nto this country. We lived there for three years.\n\nKENT: 1945?\n\nYABROW: No, I'm sorry 1951. I'm sorry. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32282/file/101029#t=1620.0,1650.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32282/file/101029/transcript/20868/annotation/56","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"From 1947, 1948 . . . to 1951 I lived\nthere, in Germany.\n\nKENT: Did you have any contact with your original father at all?\n\nYABROW: Yes. I was the only one who went back to Germany and buried him. My\nsister, my brother . . . nobody else.\n\nKENT: When was that?\n\nYABROW: Six, eight years ago.\n\nKENT: You kept in touch ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32282/file/101029#t=1650.0,1680.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32282/file/101029/transcript/20868/annotation/57","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"for 50 years?\n\nYABROW: He came to this country. He did not like it. He married a German woman.\nShe converted to Judaism. She was wonderful--Johanna. She was good for my\nfather. But, my father was a selfish man, too. After he made a little money, he\ncame to this country for visits and brought gifts to everybody, which was fun.\nHe came, stayed here a while. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32282/file/101029#t=1680.0,1710.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32282/file/101029/transcript/20868/annotation/58","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"He didn't like this country. He went back to\nGermany. When he got very sick, I started going there. I vowed never to go back\nto Germany and I did not go back. Everyone went on trips to Germany. I never\nwent back to Europe till he got really, really sick. I put him in a home in\nFrankfurt. I promised him I would be there four, five times a ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32282/file/101029#t=1710.0,1740.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32282/file/101029/transcript/20868/annotation/59","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"year. I flew there\nfour or five times a year. Then they called me and says, \"Pop doesn't feel\ngood.\" I went and stayed four weeks in the nursing home. He died in my arms. I\nburied him and that was the end of Germany. I will never step foot there again.\n\nKENT: You mentioned Jewishness a couple minutes ago. How was Jewishness a part\nof your life growing ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32282/file/101029#t=1740.0,1770.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32282/file/101029/transcript/20868/annotation/60","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"up?\n\nYABROW: My mother and father never believed in religion, in Jewishness or\nanything. When I did marry, I married a Jewish man. We always celebrated\nholidays--all the whole holidays. My kids went to Hebrew school. As a matter of\nfact, my two boys went to private Hebrew school. I was ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32282/file/101029#t=1770.0,1800.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32282/file/101029/transcript/20868/annotation/61","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"never kosher. I believe.\nI'm not one to go to the temple and pray, but I believe. I'm Jewish and that's\nit. I will not preach, \"You have to be Jewish.\" You do what you want, but I am\nJewish all the way.\n\nKENT: During the period in Siberia and then later on, close to where the\ncoalmines were, was there any kind of Jewish cultural life or anything like that?\n\nYABROW: No, nothing.\n\nKENT: ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32282/file/101029#t=1800.0,1830.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32282/file/101029/transcript/20868/annotation/62","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Just survival?\n\nYABROW: Just survival. We were happy if we survived, if we got food. My\ngrandmother says, \"Eat it. It's good.\" Then when we found out we ate a dog. That\nwas not so good, but we ate it.\n\nKENT: In 1951, you finally got the quota approved?\n\nYABROW: I came here January 13, 1951. It's gonna ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32282/file/101029#t=1830.0,1860.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32282/file/101029/transcript/20868/annotation/63","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"be . . .\n\nKENT: How did you come across?\n\nYABROW: On the SS Sturgis an American . . . troop boats.\n\nKENT: It was your mom and two siblings, three siblings?\n\nYABROW: The three of us came over, just the three of us. Then we lived . . .\n\nKENT: Then your sister stayed behind in France?\n\nYABROW: No, my sister came ahead of us to United States. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32282/file/101029#t=1860.0,1890.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32282/file/101029/transcript/20868/annotation/64","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"We came here. Right\naway we had an apartment because my grandmother was here already and my sister\nwas here.\n\nKENT: Where exactly?\n\nYABROW: Brooklyn, Flushing Ave. We lived here. My mother then went back and left\nme again with the twins. This time she went back and married Willy and brought .\n. . then he came to ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32282/file/101029#t=1890.0,1920.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32282/file/101029/transcript/20868/annotation/65","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"this country. The kids lived with Willy and I lived with my\nsister, Adele, and Sam, my brother-in-law. They are great people. They're really\ngood people. Then I got married to an American. I met an American man and we got\nmarried and had five kids.\n\nKENT: How did you meet him? What was he like?\n\nYABROW: I ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32282/file/101029#t=1920.0,1950.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32282/file/101029/transcript/20868/annotation/66","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"met his sister on a blind date. She says, \"I have a brother. Would you\nlike to meet him?\" and I met him.\n\nKENT: His name?\n\nYABROW: Eddie. Ed.\n\nKENT: What was he like?\n\nYABROW: He was a sales man. Very nice, very Americanized. That's what I wanted.\nWe got married.\n\nKENT: What ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32282/file/101029#t=1950.0,1980.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32282/file/101029/transcript/20868/annotation/67","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"year?\n\nYABROW: Oh, my G-d . . .\n\nKENT: How old were you?\n\nYABROW: I was just 18. I had a kid a year later.\n\nKENT: About 1953?\n\nYABROW: Yes. Those dates . . . I don't even have pictures. I am not a picture\ncollector or date rememberer. Then I had five kids with him.\n\nKENT: All their names . . .\n\nYABROW: The oldest is ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32282/file/101029#t=1980.0,2010.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32282/file/101029/transcript/20868/annotation/68","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Anita. Then came Marty, Phillip, Simone, and Alicia. I\nhave nine grandchildren and they're wonderful. Except some of them you want to\ntake their heads and . . . but grandma can't say much.\n\nKENT: What are some of your memories of the early days in Brooklyn and getting\nused to the United States? Did you know any English at all yet at that ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32282/file/101029#t=2010.0,2040.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32282/file/101029/transcript/20868/annotation/69","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"point?\n\nYABROW: No. I came to this country in January thirteenth. I was allowed to go to\nschool just for less than six weeks. When I turned 16, I had to go to work.\n\nKENT: What languages did you know at that point?\n\nYABROW: I knew Polish and German. The whole thing . . . I never ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32282/file/101029#t=2040.0,2070.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32282/file/101029/transcript/20868/annotation/70","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"stepped one day\nin my life into a school. I've never been in school at all. That's my regret.\nWhatever you see here, whatever I have, I earned it myself. I educated my kids\nalmost all by myself. I ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32282/file/101029#t=2070.0,2100.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32282/file/101029/transcript/20868/annotation/71","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"read like crazy, but I never learned to write or spell .\n. . it's just like a block. I could have any jobs in the world if I knew how to write.\n\nKENT: Talk about that first job and continuing on from there.\n\nYABROW: My first job here in the United States was behind the counter, ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32282/file/101029#t=2100.0,2130.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32282/file/101029/transcript/20868/annotation/72","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"where we\nused to live, as a coffee house . . . in the luncheonette in Brooklyn, on\nFlushing Ave. From there I went and worked in a brazier factory packing\nbraziers. I saved up enough money and I went to beauty culture school. I worked\nas a hairdresser. Then I got married. I still always ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32282/file/101029#t=2130.0,2160.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32282/file/101029/transcript/20868/annotation/73","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"worked because my husband\nnever made enough money and I wanted better things for my kids. I never worked\nand left the kids. I always had the kids in the house and worked with them. Then\nI opened day camp in New York, upstate New York. My husband was a schoolteacher\nand he worked in a day camp for the summer. With five kids, we couldn't afford\non a teacher's ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32282/file/101029#t=2160.0,2190.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32282/file/101029/transcript/20868/annotation/74","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"salary. When I got divorced from him, I took over the day camp.\nThat's when I was a very successful businessperson, not to sell. We got\ndivorced, but we are very friendly. He is married to a wonderful woman and we've\nno hard feelings ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32282/file/101029#t=2190.0,2220.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32282/file/101029/transcript/20868/annotation/75","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"or that kind of a thing.\n\nKENT: During those early years in New York, did you have much contact with other\nimmigrants and survivors and that whole subculture . . .?\n\nYABROW: No.\n\nKENT: . . . because Brooklyn would have had an awful lot of them.\n\nYABROW: My sister, she goes to all these Holocaust survivor's meetings and does\nall this. I'll be honest with you, I ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32282/file/101029#t=2220.0,2250.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32282/file/101029/transcript/20868/annotation/76","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"don't want to remember all those things. I\nwant to forget. I want to go to a football game, or basketball game, or baseball\ngame and enjoy it and take my grandchildren than go to a . . . I know we all\nsuffered. I'd rather do volunteer work. Whatever I have, I always give it to\nsomebody that needs something. That's how I do it. I ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32282/file/101029#t=2250.0,2280.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32282/file/101029/transcript/20868/annotation/77","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"know we all suffered, but I\ndon't have to go to a Holocaust meeting and sit there and cry. I'll cry in bed\nalone. Maybe I am wrong.\n\nKENT: What were you able to take away from Europe? Your original belongings,\npictures, and things like that?\n\nYABROW: Some of the pictures must have been my grandmother and my mother ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32282/file/101029#t=2280.0,2310.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32282/file/101029/transcript/20868/annotation/78","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"took.\nSome of these pictures that I have are after the war. I have no idea. My mother\nand grandmother must have taken them with them from Poland to Russia and then\nbrought them back because that one picture my uncle and my aunts. She died in\nthe concentration camps.\n\nEINSTEIN: What was her name?\n\nYABROW: ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32282/file/101029#t=2310.0,2340.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32282/file/101029/transcript/20868/annotation/79","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Lodja. I don't know. That's my mother's sister. She had twins. They\nwould have been my age. They were killed in the camp, too. They didn't want to leave.\n\nKENT: Did you go back to Lodz then before you went to Germany?\n\nYABROW: We went back after . . . in 1945 when the war was over. They put us ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32282/file/101029#t=2340.0,2370.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32282/file/101029/transcript/20868/annotation/80","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"on\nthe cattle cars and send us back to Poland. They said, \"The Americans will take\ncare of you.\" We got back to Lodz but we had nothing there.\n\nKENT: Was the apartment gone? Were there other people living there?\n\nYABROW: The house was gone. The beauty parlor was gone. It was either bombed or\ndestroyed. That's when we went to Germany and when we came to Ulm. From Ulm, ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32282/file/101029#t=2370.0,2400.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32282/file/101029/transcript/20868/annotation/81","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"the\nAmericans sent us to Lampertheim then back to Ulm.\n\nKENT: Going back to what you were saying at the end of the previous tape about\nnot wanting to associate with survivors and not dwell on it, what did it mean to\nyou that you were attacked by two other survivors? Did that change your sense of\nthe whole thing?\n\nYABROW: No, I don't think so. I think they were just as ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32282/file/101029#t=2400.0,2430.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32282/file/101029/transcript/20868/annotation/82","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"much trying to get their\nlife together. Who knows? Who knows what they went through? I don't know what\nthey went through. They might have gone through worse than I did. At least I had\nwater and food. I wasn't beaten up by the Germans. They probably figured, \"Okay,\nlet's have fun.\"\n\nKENT: Did either of them ever talk to you about ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32282/file/101029#t=2430.0,2460.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32282/file/101029/transcript/20868/annotation/83","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"anything at all?\n\nYABROW: No. It's like was coming to them or whatever. Break even. It's . . . you\nhave to feel sorry sometimes. When a woman gets raped, she sometimes feels sorry\nfor the rapist. Maybe I caused it. Not I caused it. You know she caused it. I\ndon't know. At that ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32282/file/101029#t=2460.0,2490.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32282/file/101029/transcript/20868/annotation/84","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"age, what do you know? You're 12 or 13. What do you know?\nYou're a little kid, yet you are a grown up. You went through so much in your life.\n\nKENT: How did your mom react when she learned maybe years later?\n\nYABROW: Nothing, unfortunately. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32282/file/101029#t=2490.0,2520.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32282/file/101029/transcript/20868/annotation/85","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I finally, after all this time, told my kids\nabout it last year or two years ago. But nobody ever knew.\n\nKENT: I may be moving ahead to slightly happier things. That whole issue about\nnot having an education and not maybe starting it up here, how did that decision\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32282/file/101029#t=2520.0,2550.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32282/file/101029/transcript/20868/annotation/86","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"happen? Or, was it even a decision?\n\nYABROW: I had to go to work and somehow it's like a mental block. I taught\nmyself how to read. You talk to me about politics or sports or what's going on\nin this world, I will know as much as a college professor, maybe even more. But\nsit me down and tell me to write a letter or write an address or ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32282/file/101029#t=2550.0,2580.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32282/file/101029/transcript/20868/annotation/87","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"write a recipe,\nit's just blank. I tried it every way. I can't. Maybe that's why I have such a\ngood memory. If someone said, \"Go there and there, and pick this up,\" I never\nwrite anything down. I will remember. When somebody calls me, \"Meet me at two\no'clock on December this.\" I'm there. But to remember how to spell ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32282/file/101029#t=2580.0,2610.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32282/file/101029/transcript/20868/annotation/88","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"'house' . . .\nI don't know why. It's embarrassing.\n\nKENT: There just wasn't time with five kids to raise?\n\nYABROW: Maybe if I went to school. It's never too late. Every year I said, \"Now\nI am going to do it.\" I never do it. That holds me back from a ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32282/file/101029#t=2610.0,2640.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32282/file/101029/transcript/20868/annotation/89","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"lot.\n\nKENT: What would you have wanted to do if you had more time and resources? Was\nthere anything you would have wanted to get good at?\n\nYABROW: I would do different kinds . . . If I knew how to write really well and\nnot make mistakes, I would probably do some great volunteer work where you're\nnot ashamed to say, \"Oh, I don't know how to spell this.\" ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32282/file/101029#t=2640.0,2670.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32282/file/101029/transcript/20868/annotation/90","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Instead, I do\nvolunteer work, but I do it differently. I know somebody's sick, I will go to\ntheir house. I will cook for them. I clean, I'll shop, that kind of work. But I\nwould have probably worked with an organization or something. That's what I miss.\n\nKENT: How long did you stay in New York? That phase? Originally how many years\nwere you all in New York?\n\nYABROW: From ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32282/file/101029#t=2670.0,2700.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32282/file/101029/transcript/20868/annotation/91","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"1951 to . . . I moved to Atlanta when I was 58. I'm here now almost\n18 or 20 years.\n\nKENT: About 1993?\n\nYABROW: O. J. trial. I moved here about that time.\n\nKENT: What brought you to ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32282/file/101029#t=2700.0,2730.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32282/file/101029/transcript/20868/annotation/92","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Atlanta?\n\nYABROW: Four kids and eight grandchildren.\n\nKENT: They had moved here?\n\nYABROW: One-by-one, four of them moved here and one daughter stayed in New York.\nNow she has adopted a little girl, so I go back and forth. We have a little one\nthere. She is six years old. All of these here are much ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32282/file/101029#t=2730.0,2760.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32282/file/101029/transcript/20868/annotation/93","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"older.\n\nKENT: What has your life consisted of here in Atlanta?\n\nYABROW: I used to work and do decorating. I have a friend that has a shop, a\nrestaurant. I go in there once in a while and work, help him. Right now, my\ndaughter needs me. She had major surgery. I ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32282/file/101029#t=2760.0,2790.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32282/file/101029/transcript/20868/annotation/94","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"had a camp that I always went back\nand forth. Worked on it from February to September, in New York.\n\nKENT: That is still in operation?\n\nYABROW: Yes. I had to be there. I had a girlfriend. Her name was Ruthie. For\nfour years, I took care of her. She was dying of Lou Gehrig's disease. I stayed\nwith her in New York and did everything back and forth. That's so ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32282/file/101029#t=2790.0,2820.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32282/file/101029/transcript/20868/annotation/95","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"funny. I have\nno pictures of anybody--but there's one picture on the refrigerator and that's\nof her--in the whole house. She passed away. That part of my life went with her.\n\nEINSTEIN: Irene, your mother may have . . . I don't know how to put ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32282/file/101029#t=2820.0,2850.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32282/file/101029/transcript/20868/annotation/96","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"this\ndelicately. I think some people would have perhaps differing ideas about her\njudgment in leaving you and putting her needs above yours. If you couldn't use\nher for a role model with your own parenting, how did you structure your own\nparenting after having two parents that may not have gotten the great parent\naward? How did you decide how to be a parent and what you wanted to teach your children?\n\nYABROW: That's a great ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32282/file/101029#t=2850.0,2880.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32282/file/101029/transcript/20868/annotation/97","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"question. My mother never won the award for the best\nmother in the world. I just made up my mind that my kids come first. I'll be\nhonest with you. I was married for 30 years. It was not the best marriage but it\nwas the best front I ever put up. My kids came first and my husband did come\nfirst. There was always meals, there was always . . . We might not have had ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32282/file/101029#t=2880.0,2910.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32282/file/101029/transcript/20868/annotation/98","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"much\nmoney but we always had a meal time, television time, sports time, not the\ngreatest vacations, but it was always with the kids. It was always family. They\nare now the same way, the five kids. I said to them, \"This is the only thing:\nyou have to be a mother and a father first before you give them the material\nthings.\" I ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32282/file/101029#t=2910.0,2940.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32282/file/101029/transcript/20868/annotation/99","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"just have that feeling because maybe I didn't have it, I didn't want\nmy kids not to have it. I am always there for them. My daughter was sick, I got\non a plane and I was there for three months for her. I give up anything for my\nfive kids, anything.\n\nKENT: It seems the majority of survivors married other survivors. It's a little\nbit less common to ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32282/file/101029#t=2940.0,2970.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32282/file/101029/transcript/20868/annotation/100","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"marry an American. How much was he able to understand your\nbackground and your reference points?\n\nYABROW: He understood. He was very . . . he understood. He knew I was not in the\nconcentration camp. He knew what I went through but I never dwelled on it. I\nnever said, \"Oh, I went through this and this and this and that. Leave me\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32282/file/101029#t=2970.0,3000.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32282/file/101029/transcript/20868/annotation/101","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"alone.\" Never. I never said this to my kids, \"Eat this. I never had food.\" That\nwas my problem, not their problem. He understood. He was a great father. He was\na good husband. I can never say not. He was a good man, but it wasn't there.\nWhen the youngest said, \"I'm not going to college. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32282/file/101029#t=3000.0,3030.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32282/file/101029/transcript/20868/annotation/102","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I'm getting married.\" I said,\n\"Okay,\" and packed my little suitcase. I walked out and left almost everything\nto him with the pension. I didn't even have a credit card.\n\nKENT: Liberation day for you?\n\nYABROW: No, it wasn't liberation. It was just, \"Okay, now you find your niche.\"\nI took the camp and I made a good life out of ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32282/file/101029#t=3030.0,3060.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32282/file/101029/transcript/20868/annotation/103","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"it. Everything was okay. Now, I'm\nhere. It's kind of lonely but I have the kids. They are all growing up, the\nkids, my grandchildren here. The one that is the youngest lives too far away.\n\nKENT: In the beginning, even before the interview we were talking about politics\nand modern life and stuff like that. It sounds like you have a lot of opinions .\n. .\n\nYABROW: I ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32282/file/101029#t=3060.0,3090.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32282/file/101029/transcript/20868/annotation/104","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"do.\n\nKENT: . . . about things considering your past. Do you just want to elaborate a\nlittle bit on that, on how you see things?\n\nYABROW: I see things. I might be the only Jewish Republican out of New York. Not\nRepublican. I don't mean it that way. I believe the government is there and it\nshould protect us. I do not believe the government is there to give me three\nyears of ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32282/file/101029#t=3090.0,3120.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32282/file/101029/transcript/20868/annotation/105","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"unemployment. That's how I believe. I believe whatever you have . . .\nwhatever you see here, I earned it. I worked for it. I believe everybody should\nwork. We should help people but I am very anti- certain things. I'm not\ndiscriminating against anything. In my ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32282/file/101029#t=3120.0,3150.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32282/file/101029/transcript/20868/annotation/106","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"family, we have mixed marriages. We have\neverything. My little granddaughter's . . . I don't know whether she is from\nMexico--she's adopted--or she's from Guatemala. We . . . I don't care. You have\nto be self . . . I'm 76 years old. I don't ask anybody. I go everywhere myself.\nI went in the car, went to Florida to see ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32282/file/101029#t=3150.0,3180.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32282/file/101029/transcript/20868/annotation/107","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"my . . . But people are too much for\nhandouts and for things. Maybe I'm wrong.\n\nKENT: It sounds like you didn't get a whole lot of help either in the DP camps .\n. .\n\nYABROW: No, nowhere.\n\nKENT: . . . or the transition phase . . .\n\nYABROW: Not even here. Now I know a lot of people getting a lot of money from\nthe German government, from other governments. There are other people that need\nit ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32282/file/101029#t=3180.0,3210.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32282/file/101029/transcript/20868/annotation/108","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"more. I don't even bother. I got the $2,000 that my sister insists, \"Go get\nit.\" Otherwise I wouldn't have even known about it because I don't mingle with\nthe . . . I don't even know there are so many Holocaust survivors or people here.\n\nKENT: Was there any kind of assistance in New York when you first came over?\nLike local Jewish organizations or anything like that?\n\nYABROW: ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32282/file/101029#t=3210.0,3240.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32282/file/101029/transcript/20868/annotation/109","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"No, my mother went to work. I went to work. We right away went to work.\nI was 16 and I wound up . . . The day I turned 16, I went to work in that\nbrazier factory. Then I worked in the luncheonette and I saved up money. Went to\nbeauty culture school and then boom, back to work.\n\nKENT: It sounds like you still have a pretty negative ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32282/file/101029#t=3240.0,3270.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32282/file/101029/transcript/20868/annotation/110","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"feeling about Germany? You\nsaid you never want to go back again?\n\nYABROW: No, I'll never go back. If my father wouldn't have gotten sick and\ndidn't want to come to this country. My sister and brother didn't . . . They\nwent there in the beginning. Then when he got really sick and everything, I went\nfor the first time to visit him. I saw how he lived and all that. I ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32282/file/101029#t=3270.0,3300.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32282/file/101029/transcript/20868/annotation/111","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"stayed, put\nhim into the home, and I promised him, \"I will be back.\" That's when I started\ngoing four times a year. Became a frequent flyer. Tickets were easy. I stayed\nwith him. They called and says, \"Dad is not doing well.\" I didn't know it was\ngoing to take six weeks. I stayed until he passed away. Otherwise he had nobody\nthere. Never went ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32282/file/101029#t=3300.0,3330.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32282/file/101029/transcript/20868/annotation/112","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"back.\n\nKENT: How come that attitude about Germany? I mean the obvious reasons . . .\n\nYABROW: Because it's not good memories. I think it was all with my stepfather,\nWilly's brother, and with those two guys. And there's something, too . . . when\nyou see those 85, 90 year old Germans walking in the street, it ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32282/file/101029#t=3330.0,3360.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32282/file/101029/transcript/20868/annotation/113","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"brings back to\nsome people the memory. It's, \"How many Jews did you kill? What did you do?\"\n\nKENT: Do you have any sense of roots with Poland?\n\nYABROW: No.\n\nKENT: Polish culture?\n\nYABROW: No. I came to this country and I just said, \"This is it.\" It's a great\ncountry. I would not give it up for anything in the ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32282/file/101029#t=3360.0,3390.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32282/file/101029/transcript/20868/annotation/114","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"world. The last few years I\nhave been traveling everywhere. When I come back, I say, \"There's nothing like\nhere.\" Give me a quarter of this room, I live here, before I live . . . It's\ngreat to see Italy, it's great to see Spain, and this and that, but when I came\nback from Alaska that still was the best trip. That's about all. I just ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32282/file/101029#t=3390.0,3420.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32282/file/101029/transcript/20868/annotation/115","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"hope to\nG-d that my kids and my grandchildren, everything be good for them. Maybe next\nyear I learn how to write.\n\nKENT: Anything you can think of . . .\n\nYABROW: When I came here in 1951, it was ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32282/file/101029#t=3420.0,3450.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32282/file/101029/transcript/20868/annotation/116","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"January. It was kind of cold and we\narrived. It was great. We came to Brooklyn. It was just amazing to see all that.\nI love Brooklyn. Then I lived on Stanton Island. That's where my son was born.\nIt's just one of the greatest places in the world: New York City. I traveled all\nof about 30 states at ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32282/file/101029#t=3450.0,3480.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32282/file/101029/transcript/20868/annotation/117","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"least and lived in some of them. It's the greatest\ncountry. I would not give it up for anything in the world. I love Atlanta and my\nkids are here. It's a great town. That's about it. There's nothing--if anybody\nlistens to this tape or ever hears it--there's nothing in the world like this\ncountry. Whether you like the government or you don't like the ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32282/file/101029#t=3480.0,3510.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32282/file/101029/transcript/20868/annotation/118","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"government, you\nare the people. There is nothing better. It's your choice who you vote for. Just\ngo out and vote. That's what's important.\n\nEINSTEIN: Did you have any communist propaganda when you were a child in Russia?\nI mean, that was when . . . in the 1950's, children were being ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32282/file/101029#t=3510.0,3540.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32282/file/101029/transcript/20868/annotation/119","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"inundated here\nwith the mirror Cold War propaganda. Did you have to wear red scarves or anything?\n\nYABROW: No. Because we were in Shymkent and Tashkent, which I don't remember\nwhat it is now. Over there, we were just working. There was no propaganda there.\nMaybe Moscow or Leningrad or Stalingrad, those ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32282/file/101029#t=3540.0,3570.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32282/file/101029/transcript/20868/annotation/120","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"cities. Those were big. This was\npoor as poor could be. All you saw was huts. There were no homes, no things.\nThere was no propaganda there. Then we came straight to Poland and Germany. In\nGermany, there was no communism there because the Americans were there and we\nwere mostly in the DP camps.\n\nEINSTEIN: Have you ever given ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32282/file/101029#t=3570.0,3600.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32282/file/101029/transcript/20868/annotation/121","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"much thought to the fact that you are probably one\nof very few Jews your age that survived who was born in Poland and whether that\nhas had any impact on your world view or you own view on yourself?\n\nYABROW: I think there were more than a few of us that did survive. It all\ndepends. I am thankful that I just came to this country. That's all ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32282/file/101029#t=3600.0,3630.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32282/file/101029/transcript/20868/annotation/122","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I can say. I\nhave no desire . . . maybe I would travel back. I only went to Germany because\nof my father. I will never go back to Germany, even if I won a free trip. I'm\nsorry. It sounds cruel, but this is my country. That's all. I'd fight for it.\n\nEINSTEIN: How did you become Americanized after ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32282/file/101029#t=3630.0,3660.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32282/file/101029/transcript/20868/annotation/123","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"being basically a poor,\noppressed child laborer in Russia and coming to America where there is so much\nof everything? How did you make that transition to being American? How did that\nall work?\n\nYABROW: I worked hard at it. I tried. I had a few businesses that I started. I\nhad my own . . .\n\nEINSTEIN: As a child, you were still so young when you came here. What was that\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32282/file/101029#t=3660.0,3690.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32282/file/101029/transcript/20868/annotation/124","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"like to be, as you said, an old person because of all your experiences but\neveryone else your age were just children?\n\nYABROW: I think it's the survival. It's just like you have to survive. That's\nwhat I tell everybody. Get a life, don't ask people. If you can't do it for\nyourself, nobody's going to do it for you. I knew if I'm not going to do it\nmyself, nobody's going to do ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32282/file/101029#t=3690.0,3720.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32282/file/101029/transcript/20868/annotation/125","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"it. I couldn't rely on my mother. I couldn't rely\non my father. They didn't care. At 16, I was on my own in this country, too. I\nmarried my husband and I worked, too. Had five kids and I worked. I've been\nworking all my life till even now I work. I'm supposed to be today working in\nthe flea market at Scott's Antique. That's where I was supposed to be today,\nselling ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32282/file/101029#t=3720.0,3750.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32282/file/101029/transcript/20868/annotation/126","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"jewelry. But you know people. I think people don't know how to survive\nuntil something bad hits them. That's my . . . maybe I do need to sit down on a\ncouch and talk to somebody someday about all this.\n\nKENT: It does seem like you had to be a totally self-reliant person. Even among\nsurvivors, it seems like you had it ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32282/file/101029#t=3750.0,3780.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32282/file/101029/transcript/20868/annotation/127","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"more where it was just you.\n\nYABROW: It was always me. I never . . . gave it to my kids or said, \"Alright,\ncome on, do this. I can't cope with it.\" I always coped with everything. I\nalways did everything myself. Sometimes they say, \"Come on, let us do it for\nyou.\" I say, \"No, it's okay. I can do it.\" ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32282/file/101029#t=3780.0,3810.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32282/file/101029/transcript/20868/annotation/128","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"That's always been me. I was always\nvery independent. Like everybody says, \"How could you drive to Florida at your\nage by yourself?\" Very easy. You get in the car, you put the radio on, you\nlisten, and you drive. That's it. Give me Super Bowl tickets and I would drive\nto Texas now.\n\nKENT: Is there anything else you can think of you would like to pass on? Someone\nwill be watching this in 50 or 100 ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32282/file/101029#t=3810.0,3840.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32282/file/101029/transcript/20868/annotation/129","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"years. What would you want to tell the\nfuture? What should they learn from everything you had to go through?\n\nYABROW: Be a fighter and don't rely on . . . Fight yourself. Do it as much you\ncan yourself. Don't cop out. Don't take a pill if you have a headache or you're\ndepressed. Go out and do something for somebody ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32282/file/101029#t=3840.0,3870.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32282/file/101029/transcript/20868/annotation/130","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"else. You'll see there's worse.\nYou're worse off than somebody else. I didn't like that I had to give up my\nbeautiful place in Buckhead and move here. No, but you do it.\n\nKENT: Over the last 65 years, have you ever fantasized about meeting those two\nguys again?\n\nYABROW: No.\n\nKENT: What you would tell them? What would you do to them?\n\nYABROW: It would probably be the first time I would kill somebody and it's not\nworth ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32282/file/101029#t=3870.0,3900.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32282/file/101029/transcript/20868/annotation/131","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"it. I want to live for my grandchildren and see them be married. Or my two\nboys now graduate college.\n\nKENT: I think you answered the question.\n\nYABROW: I want to see my kids graduate college. I am not going to waste my life\non some idiots in jail. I'm sorry.\n\nKENT: Thank you for telling us a painful story.\n\nYABROW: No, we survive. Thank you. I ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32282/file/101029#t=3900.0,3930.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32282/file/101029/transcript/20868/annotation/132","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"hope it worked for you guys.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32282/file/101029#t=3930.0,3960.0"}]},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32282/file/101029/annotation_set/247","type":"AnnotationPage","label":{"en":["Annotations [Transcript]"]},"items":[{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32282/file/101029/annotation_set/247/annotation/133","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eLodz [Polish: Łódź] was a large textile manufacturing city and Jewish cultural center about 75 miles from Warsaw, Poland.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32282/file/101029#t=30.0,60.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32282/file/101029/annotation_set/247/annotation/134","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe Germans invaded Poland on September 1, 1939. The Germans occupied Lodz on September 8, 1939 and renamed it “Litzmannstadt.”\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32282/file/101029#t=90.0,120.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32282/file/101029/annotation_set/247/annotation/135","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eOn December 10, 1939, a ghetto was established in Lodz. The living conditions in the ghetto, including food rations, were very poor because the ghetto was hermetically sealed. The mortality rate was very high. Waves of Jews from the surrounding area and Western Europe were pushed into the Lodz ghetto making the total number of Jews who passed through it at over 200,000. Deportations began in December 1942 and, by August 1944, the ghetto had been completely liquidated.  \u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32282/file/101029#t=120.0,150.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32282/file/101029/annotation_set/247/annotation/136","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eAfter the German invasion of the Soviet Union in June 1941, the Soviet Union reestablished diplomatic relations with the Polish government-in-exile. In July 1941, they agreed to grant amnesty to many of the Polish citizens (including Jews) who had reached the interior of the Soviet Union and were interned in Soviet prisons and labor camps. The Soviet Union also agreed to the formation of a Polish Army under a commander appointed by the Polish government-in-exile. Thousands of Jews from the masses of Polish refugees, deportees, and prisoners of war joined the Polish Army under General Wladyslaw Anders.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32282/file/101029#t=150.0,180.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32282/file/101029/annotation_set/247/annotation/137","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eSiberia is an extensive geographical region in Russia that extends eastward to become what is often referred to as ‘North Asia.’ It is a sparsely populated area with long, cold winters. Siberia has been a part of Russia since the seventeenth century. The majority of Soviet forced labor camps (Gulags) in the 1930’s through 1950’s were in remote areas of northeastern Siberia. The labor camps were used as a form of political repression and prisoners were often worked to death. In 1940 (one year before the Germans commenced their program of extermination), Soviet ruler Joseph Stalin ordered the deportation of at least 200,000 Polish Jews—including thousands of Jewish refugees who had fled from German-occupied Poland—from Russian-occupied Eastern Poland. They were sent to Siberia, central Asia, and other locations deep in the interior of the Soviet Union. Many died in appalling conditions in Siberian Gulags, where they were forced to work excessive hours in extreme cold and little food. Those Polish Jews who were not deported by the Russians were not spared misfortune, however, as the majority were killed after the Germans invaded the Soviet Union in June 1941.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32282/file/101029#t=300.0,330.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32282/file/101029/annotation_set/247/annotation/138","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe “safe border” refers to the demarcation line between German- and Russian-occupied Poland. Both the Russian and German armies invaded Poland in September 1939. On September 28, Germany and the Soviet Union reached an agreement partitioning Poland and outlining their zones of occupation. A demarcation line for the partition of German- and Russian-occupied Poland was established along the Bug River, between Krakow and Lvov. It is estimated that the number of refugees who crossed from the German-occupied part of Poland to the areas annexed by the Soviet Union totaled about 300,000. The Russians left the border freely open to traffic until the end of October 1939. From then until the end of 1939 a small number of persons still crossed the border. After that, it was completely sealed. Some refugees still attempted to sneak across the heavily guarded border, often at great danger. Those caught trying to cross between occupation zones or trying to flee without papers faced arrest and arbitrary violence at the hands of both Russian and German border guards. The demarcation line would remain in effect until June 22, 1941, when the Germans invaded the Soviet Union in a military campaign codenamed Operation “Barbarossa.”  \u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32282/file/101029#t=300.0,330.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32282/file/101029/annotation_set/247/annotation/139","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eShymkent, known until 1993 as Chimkent, is the capital city of the South Kazakhstan Region, the most densely populated region in present-day Kazakhstan. Following the Russian Empire’s conquest of the area in 1864, Shymkent was a city of trade between nomadic Turks and sedentary Turks. There was a gulag (forced labor camp) located near Shymkent, and many Russian-speaking people came to the area via imprisonment.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32282/file/101029#t=570.0,600.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32282/file/101029/annotation_set/247/annotation/140","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eTashkent is the capital and largest city of Uzbekistan. In 1865 it was conquered by the Russian Empire and witnessed major growth and demographic changes due to forced deportations from throughout the Soviet Union. It is located in a major coal basin and is approximately 130 kilometers (80 miles) south of Shymkent, Kazakhstan.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32282/file/101029#t=570.0,600.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32282/file/101029/annotation_set/247/annotation/141","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eLampertheim was a small Jewish displaced persons (DP) camp that was located in a small town on the bank of Rhine between Mannheim and Darmstadt in the Frankfurt District of the American occupational zone. It opened on December 15, 1945, primarily to provide additional space for refugees from the over-crowded Zeilsheim DP camp. At its peak in 1946-47, Lampertheim housed 1200 Jewish DPs, mainly from Poland. Lampertheim closed on May 24, 1949. In comparison with other camps, the inhabitants of Lampertheim were relatively well off. They lived in requisitioned private houses in the village. The camp organized its own civic administration, with thirty unarmed policemen and uniformed fire service. There was a post office, which operated as a tracing bureau for missing relatives of the camp’s community. Doctors, who were at the same time DPs and residents of the center, operated the health center in the camp. The camp had a strong orthodox community and maintained a developed religious life, with a synagogue located in a converted private house, a kosher kitchen, and a Talmud Torah (religious elementary school). There was also a newspaper, a Hebrew library, culture house, a theatre group and a small orchestra. The camp also ran a secular elementary school and a kindergarten. A summer camp was organized for the children during the holidays.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32282/file/101029#t=810.0,840.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32282/file/101029/annotation_set/247/annotation/142","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eMannheim is a city in the southwestern part of Germany.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32282/file/101029#t=810.0,840.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32282/file/101029/annotation_set/247/annotation/143","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eTuberculosis is a potentially fatal contagious disease that mainly affects the lungs. It can usually be cured with antibiotics.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32282/file/101029#t=840.0,870.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32282/file/101029/annotation_set/247/annotation/144","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eUlm is a city in southwestern Germany on the Danube River. Immediately after World War II, it was in the American zone of Germany and housed a series of Displaced Persons camps.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32282/file/101029#t=1050.0,1080.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32282/file/101029/annotation_set/247/annotation/145","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe 1924 Johnson-Reed Act had cut immigration quotas to admit fewer than 6,000 Polish immigrants into the United States per year. From 1939 to 1945, the quota for Polish immigrants admitted into the U.S. had increased to 15,000 per year. Immigration restrictions were still in effect at the end of the war until President Harry S. Truman issued an executive order, the \"Truman Directive,\" on December 22, 1945. It required that existing immigration quotas be designated for displaced persons (DPs). While overall immigration into the United States did not increase, more DPs were admitted than before. About 22,950 DPs, of whom two-thirds were Jewish, entered the United States between December 22, 1945 and 1947 under provisions of the Truman Directive. The Polish quota between 1945 and 1948 was 17,000 a year. Congressional action to increase immigration quotas did not come until 1948.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32282/file/101029#t=1110.0,1140.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32282/file/101029/annotation_set/247/annotation/146","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eWarsaw is the capital and largest city in Poland, located on the Vistula River in east-central Poland.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32282/file/101029#t=1380.0,1410.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32282/file/101029/annotation_set/247/annotation/147","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eFrankfurt is a central German city on the Main River.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32282/file/101029#t=1710.0,1740.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32282/file/101029/annotation_set/247/annotation/148","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eKosher is the set of Jewish dietary laws that dictate how food is prepared or served and which kinds of foods or animals can be eaten.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32282/file/101029#t=1800.0,1830.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32282/file/101029/annotation_set/247/annotation/149","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe \u003cem\u003eUSS General S. D. Sturgis\u003c/em\u003e was a transport ship built for the United States Navy in World War II. In 1946, she was transferred to the U.S. Army. Between 1946 and 1951, the ship made 21 voyages between Germany and the U.S. with displaced persons from Europe. In addition to its many trips to the U.S. with displaced persons, \u003cem\u003eGeneral S. D. Sturgis\u003c/em\u003e also delivered refugees to Australia, Argentina, Canada, Brazil, and Venezuela. \u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32282/file/101029#t=1860.0,1890.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32282/file/101029/annotation_set/247/annotation/150","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eBrooklyn is one of the five boroughs of New York City, in the state of New York, in the United States. It sits on the western end of Long Island and is connected to Manhattan by the iconic Brooklyn Bridge. Since the late nineteenth century, Brooklyn has been home to a significant percentage of New York City’s Jewish population. In 1950, the Jewish population of Brooklyn was 950,000.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32282/file/101029#t=1890.0,1920.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32282/file/101029/annotation_set/247/annotation/151","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eOrenthal James \"O. J.\" Simpson, nicknamed \"the Juice\", is a retired American football player, broadcaster, and actor. In 1995, he was acquitted of the 1994 murders of his ex-wife, Nicole Brown Simpson, and Ronald Goldman after a lengthy and internationally publicized criminal trial, the People v. Simpson.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32282/file/101029#t=2700.0,2730.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32282/file/101029/annotation_set/247/annotation/152","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eLou Gehrig's disease refers to a disorder called amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, or ALS. ALS is a rapidly progressive, fatal neurological disease that attacks the nerve cells responsible for controlling voluntary muscles. The disease is often called “Lou Gehrig’s disease” in honor of Henry Louis \"Lou\" Gehrig, a famous American Major League Baseball player who died from the disease in 1941.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32282/file/101029#t=2790.0,2820.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32282/file/101029/annotation_set/247/annotation/153","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eIn 1952, the government of West Germany reached an agreement with the state of Israel and the Conference on Jewish Material Claims Against Germany to pay reparations for material losses and injuries incurred during the Holocaust. Three separate German laws, known as the West German Federal Indemnification Laws, were adopted in 1953, 1956, and 1965. They further provided for compensation in the form of one-time payments and monthly pensions to Holocaust survivors. In the years since, other agreements for reparations have also been reached.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32282/file/101029#t=3180.0,3210.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32282/file/101029/annotation_set/247/annotation/154","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eStaten Island is one of the five boroughs of New York City, in the state of New York, in the United States.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32282/file/101029#t=3450.0,3480.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32282/file/101029/annotation_set/247/annotation/155","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe Cold War was a prolonged state of tension between western democratic nations like the United States and the communist Soviet Union and their respective allies. It was waged on political, economic, and propaganda fronts and had only limited recourse to weapons. It began at the end of World War II and ended around 1990.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32282/file/101029#t=3540.0,3570.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32282/file/101029/annotation_set/247/annotation/156","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThis is a reference to the Young Pioneers, which is a communist youth organization. Children in the organization wear a red scarf of neckerchief.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32282/file/101029#t=3540.0,3570.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32282/file/101029/annotation_set/247/annotation/157","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eScott Antique Markets is a monthly antique market in Atlanta, Georgia and in Columbus, Ohio with vendors offering heirloom furniture, antiques, collectibles, and knickknacks. The show bills its events as the world's largest indoors antique shows.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32282/file/101029#t=3720.0,3750.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32282/file/101029/annotation_set/247/annotation/158","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe Super Bowl is an annual American football game that determines the champion of the National Football League (NFL), the highest level of professional American football. Super Bowl XLV was played on February 6, 2011 at Cowboys Stadium in Arlington, Texas.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32282/file/101029#t=3810.0,3840.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32282/file/101029/annotation_set/247/annotation/159","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eBuckhead is an area located northwest of Downtown Atlanta with gracious homes, elegant hotels, shopping centers, restaurants, and high-rise condominium and office buildings. Buckhead is a major commercial and financial center of the Southeast, and it is the third-largest business district in Atlanta, behind Downtown and Midtown.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32282/file/101029#t=3870.0,3900.0"}]},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32282/file/101029/index/47353","type":"AnnotationPage","label":{"en":["Yabrow, Irene [Index]"]},"items":[{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32282/file/101029/index/47353/annotation/160","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Growing Up in Lodz, Poland","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Title"]}}],"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32282/file/101029#t=32.0,198.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32282/file/101029/index/47353/annotation/161","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Let's start with what your original name was at birth and where and when.","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Partial Transcript"]}}],"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32282/file/101029#t=32.0,198.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32282/file/101029/index/47353/annotation/162","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Adele Herskowitz","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Hairdressing Salon","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Henry Heniek Herskowitz","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Karola Herskowitz","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Lodz Ghetto","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Lodz, Poland","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Polish Army","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Russia","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Zedye ben 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Transcript"]}}],"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32282/file/101029#t=198.0,287.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32282/file/101029/index/47353/annotation/165","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Anti-Semitism","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Lodz Ghetto","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Lodz, Poland","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}}],"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32282/file/101029#t=198.0,287.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32282/file/101029/index/47353/annotation/166","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Escaping the Ghetto","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Title"]}}],"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32282/file/101029#t=287.0,390.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32282/file/101029/index/47353/annotation/167","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"What do you remember about how you were all able to actually leave?","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Partial Transcript"]}}],"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32282/file/101029#t=287.0,390.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32282/file/101029/index/47353/annotation/168","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Escape","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Lodz Ghetto","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Russia","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Siberia","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}}],"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32282/file/101029#t=287.0,390.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32282/file/101029/index/47353/annotation/169","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Sent to Siberia and an Orphanage","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Title"]}}],"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32282/file/101029#t=390.0,578.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32282/file/101029/index/47353/annotation/170","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Once we got into Russia, the Russians picked us up. Then they took us into Siberia to a place where they gave us housing.","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Partial Transcript"]}}],"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32282/file/101029#t=390.0,578.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32282/file/101029/index/47353/annotation/171","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Orphanage","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Polish Army","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Russia","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Siberia","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}}],"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32282/file/101029#t=390.0,578.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32282/file/101029/index/47353/annotation/172","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Shipped to Shymkent and Tashkent","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Title"]}}],"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32282/file/101029#t=578.0,743.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32282/file/101029/index/47353/annotation/173","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Then from there, we went to Shymkent and Tashkent. Now it's something else. We were put on cattle cars and sent there to work in the coalmines.","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Partial Transcript"]}}],"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32282/file/101029#t=578.0,743.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32282/file/101029/index/47353/annotation/174","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Cattle cars","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Coalmines","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Shymkent, Kazakhstan","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Tashkent, Uzbekistan","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}}],"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32282/file/101029#t=578.0,743.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32282/file/101029/index/47353/annotation/175","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Sent Back to Poland","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Title"]}}],"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32282/file/101029#t=743.0,789.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32282/file/101029/index/47353/annotation/176","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Then when the war was over, again we were put on cattle cars and brought back to Poland. When we got back to Poland--my mother, and again my grandma was always with us, and my aunt, and her three kids . . . because my father and my uncle were in the army.","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Partial Transcript"]}}],"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32282/file/101029#t=743.0,789.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32282/file/101029/index/47353/annotation/177","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Cattle Cars","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Poland","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}}],"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32282/file/101029#t=743.0,789.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32282/file/101029/index/47353/annotation/178","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Going to Lampertheim, Germany and Reuniting with her Father","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Title"]}}],"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32282/file/101029#t=789.0,987.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32282/file/101029/index/47353/annotation/179","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Then we found out through . . . somehow the American Consulate that my father is alive and in Germany. It wasn't that easy. We tried to get from Poland to Germany but we were not allowed to. Again, my mother--smart cookie--got us through the . . .","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Partial Transcript"]}}],"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32282/file/101029#t=789.0,987.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32282/file/101029/index/47353/annotation/180","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"American Consulate","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Displaced Persons Camp","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Eva Balker","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Germany","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Lampertheim, Germany","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Poland","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Tuberculosis","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}}],"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32282/file/101029#t=789.0,987.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32282/file/101029/index/47353/annotation/181","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Life in Lampertheim","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Title"]}}],"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32282/file/101029#t=987.0,1070.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32282/file/101029/index/47353/annotation/182","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"That's when I did black marketing so we could eat. We were living in Lampertheim. My sister got married to a concentration survivor--a nice guy--and they left for France.","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Partial Transcript"]}}],"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32282/file/101029#t=987.0,1070.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32282/file/101029/index/47353/annotation/183","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Black Market","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Lampertheim, Germany","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}}],"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32282/file/101029#t=987.0,1070.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32282/file/101029/index/47353/annotation/184","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Sent to Ulm, Germany","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Title"]}}],"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32282/file/101029#t=1070.0,1212.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32282/file/101029/index/47353/annotation/185","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"We were sent to Ulm. My mother and I and the twins were sent to Ulm. My sister already was married so she didn't go. She went to Paris with her new husband because he had family there.","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Partial Transcript"]}}],"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32282/file/101029#t=1070.0,1212.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32282/file/101029/index/47353/annotation/186","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Abuse","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Displaced Persons Camp","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Rape","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Sam Besserman","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Ulm, Germany","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"United States of America","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}}],"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32282/file/101029#t=1070.0,1212.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32282/file/101029/index/47353/annotation/187","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Back to Lampertheim","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Title"]}}],"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32282/file/101029#t=1212.0,1289.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32282/file/101029/index/47353/annotation/188","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"She made my mother take me back where she was with Willy. Willy was very sweet to us--to me and the twins--and we stayed there.","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Partial Transcript"]}}],"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32282/file/101029#t=1212.0,1289.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32282/file/101029/index/47353/annotation/189","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Lampertheim, Germany","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}}],"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32282/file/101029#t=1212.0,1289.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32282/file/101029/index/47353/annotation/190","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Life in the Displaced Persons Camp and Irene's Abusers","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Title"]}}],"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32282/file/101029#t=1289.0,1659.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32282/file/101029/index/47353/annotation/191","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Just to go back a little bit to the DP camp. Was anybody in charge there taking care of the kids?","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Partial Transcript"]}}],"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32282/file/101029#t=1289.0,1659.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32282/file/101029/index/47353/annotation/192","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Abusers","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"American Soldiers","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Displaced Persons Camp","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"DP Camp","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Mannheim, Germany","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Polish","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Ulm, Germany","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Warsaw, Poland","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}}],"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32282/file/101029#t=1289.0,1659.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32282/file/101029/index/47353/annotation/193","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Relationship with her Abusers","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Title"]}}],"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32282/file/101029#t=1659.0,1766.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32282/file/101029/index/47353/annotation/194","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Did you have any contact with your original father at all?","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Partial Transcript"]}}],"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32282/file/101029#t=1659.0,1766.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32282/file/101029/index/47353/annotation/195","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Frankfurt, Germany","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Germany","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Henry Herskowitz","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}}],"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32282/file/101029#t=1659.0,1766.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32282/file/101029/index/47353/annotation/196","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Role of Judaism While Growing Up","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Title"]}}],"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32282/file/101029#t=1766.0,1853.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32282/file/101029/index/47353/annotation/197","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"You mentioned Jewishness a couple minutes ago. How was Jewishness a part of your life growing up?","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Partial Transcript"]}}],"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32282/file/101029#t=1766.0,1853.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32282/file/101029/index/47353/annotation/198","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Hebrew School","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Jewishness","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Judaism","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}}],"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32282/file/101029#t=1766.0,1853.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32282/file/101029/index/47353/annotation/199","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Coming to the United States","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Title"]}}],"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32282/file/101029#t=1853.0,1939.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32282/file/101029/index/47353/annotation/200","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I came here January 13, 1951. 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Did you have to wear red scarves or anything?","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Partial Transcript"]}}],"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32282/file/101029#t=3526.0,3658.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32282/file/101029/index/47353/annotation/243","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Cold War","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Communist Propaganda","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Leningrad, Russia","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Moscow, Russia","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Russia","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Shymkent, Kazakhstan","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Stalingrad, Russia","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Tashkent, Uzbekistan","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}}],"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32282/file/101029#t=3526.0,3658.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32282/file/101029/index/47353/annotation/244","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Becoming Americanized","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Title"]}}],"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32282/file/101029#t=3658.0,3838.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32282/file/101029/index/47353/annotation/245","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"How did you become Americanized after being basically a poor, oppressed child laborer in Russia and coming to America where there is so much of everything? 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How did that all work?","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Partial Transcript"]}}],"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32282/file/101029#t=3658.0,3838.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32282/file/101029/index/47353/annotation/246","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Americanization","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Child Labor","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Russia","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Self Reliance","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}}],"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32282/file/101029#t=3658.0,3838.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32282/file/101029/index/47353/annotation/247","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"A Message for the Future","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Title"]}}],"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32282/file/101029#t=3838.0,3933.89"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32282/file/101029/index/47353/annotation/248","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Someone will be watching this in 50 or 100 years. What would you want to tell the future? What should they learn from everything you had to go through?","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Partial Transcript"]}}],"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32282/file/101029#t=3838.0,3933.89"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32282/file/101029/index/47353/annotation/249","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Future Message","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}}],"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32282/file/101029#t=3838.0,3933.89"}]}]}]}