{"@context":"http://iiif.io/api/presentation/3/context.json","id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/iiif/8k74t6g49c/manifest","type":"Manifest","label":{"en":["Iteld, Eva"]},"logo":"https://d9jk7wjtjpu5g.cloudfront.net/organizations/logo_images/000/000/082/original/TheBreman_SecondaryMark_Horizontal_Blue_Black.png?1713640889","metadata":[{"label":{"en":["Date"]},"value":{"en":["2002-05-29 (captured)"]}},{"label":{"en":["Agent"]},"value":{"en":["Iteld, Eva (Interviewee)","Ghitis, Sara (Interviewer)","Einstein, Ruth (Interviewer)"]}},{"label":{"en":["Format"]},"value":{"en":["Video"]}},{"label":{"en":["Source"]},"value":{"en":["William Breman Jewish Heritage Museum","Esther and Herbert Taylor Oral History Collection","Jewish Oral History Project of Atlanta","Legacy Project"]}},{"label":{"en":["Publisher"]},"value":{"en":["William Breman Jewish Heritage Museum"]}},{"label":{"en":["Description"]},"value":{"en":["\u003cp\u003eEva Iteld was interviewed by Sara Ghitis and Ruth Einstein on May 29, 2002, in Atlanta, Georgia.\u003c/p\u003e (general)","\u003cp\u003eEva (Yochevt) Kaushanskaia was born in Kishinev, Romania (present day Moldova) in December 1916. Eva’s father died when she was a baby. Eva and her older brother and sister were raised in an observant Orthodox home by their mother. \u003c/p\u003e\r\n\u003cp\u003e \u003c/p\u003e\r\n\u003cp\u003eIn 1940, the Soviet Union annexed the part of Romania where Kishinev was. Eva and her family became Russian citizens and were among thousands evacuated to Central Asia ahead of the German invasion of the Soviet Union in 1941. Eva’s brother joined the Russian army, while Eva, her mother and sister survived the war in Lenger, Kazakhstan. In Lenger, Eva helped her sister maintain a garden to offset their limited rations and worked as a night watchman at a Russian factory.\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\u003cp\u003e \u003c/p\u003e\r\n\u003cp\u003eAfter the war, Eva’s brother returned to Lenger and introduced her to Shloem Iteld (1898-1992), a Jewish refugee from Lvov, Poland. On June 2, 1945, Eva and Shloem were married. The family soon left Lenger and settled in Moscow. Eva and Shloem were determined to immigrate to the United States, while her mother, brother and sister decided to stay in the Soviet Union. Eva and Shloem made their way to Krakow, Poland in 1946. With the help of Jewish organizations, the couple then spent ten months in Paris, France, waiting for visas.\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\u003cp\u003e \u003c/p\u003e\r\n\u003cp\u003eOn December 3, 1947, Eva and Shloem arrived in New York City aboard the MS Sobieski. They immediately settled in Atlanta, Georgia and lived with Shloem’s extended family. With the help of Shloem’s family, the couple were able to buy a neighborhood grocery store and eventually a house. Eva and Shloem continued to run the store until their retirement, while raising two daughters. \u003c/p\u003e\r\n\u003cp\u003e \u003c/p\u003e\r\n\u003cp\u003eEva was an active member and former president of Pioneer Women and Mizrachi Women. With Mizrachi Women, Eva helped to establish The Canteen, housed at the Jewish Community Center, donated all of its profits from kosher food and snacks to charity. After retirement, Eva also volunteered with The Breman Jewish Home, Meals on Wheels, and Ahavath Achim Synagogue. Eva was recognized twice as a Woman of Valor by the Jewish Federation. She was the first recipient of the Goodfriend Award recognizing her outstanding volunteerism by Ahavath Achim Synagogue. Eva passed away on April 23, 2016.\u003c/p\u003e (bioghist)","\u003cp\u003eEva introduces her family and the Romanian town she grew up in. She talks about life as Russian citizen after Bessarabia was annexed in 1940. She describes her life as a refugee in Kazakhstan during the war. Eva explains how she met her husband. She recalls leaving Kazakhstan and heading to western Europe to await a visa to the United States. She remembers how much she enjoyed life in Paris, France after the war. Eva remembers her mother’s devotion to her children and strict religious observance. She considers her own religious perspective. Eva discusses her volunteer work at Ahavath Achim Synagogue. Eva recalls adjusting to life in America and becoming a mother. She recounts traveling through Europe after the war and sailing to the United States. Eva remembers the help they received from the Jewish community in Paris. She warmly recalls the kindness of her husband’s relatives when they came to Atlanta. She remembers her husband’s first job in Atlanta and buying a grocery store in the Old Fourth Ward. Eva talks about moving to the Morningside/Lenox Park neighborhood to raise her daughters. She reflects on the challenges of working full-time and raising a family. Eva remembers the kindness of customers at their grocery store. \u003c/p\u003e (scope content)"]}},{"label":{"en":["Source Metadata URI"]},"value":{"en":["https://archivesspace.thebreman.org/repositories/2/archival_objects/29064"]}},{"label":{"en":["Rights Statement"]},"value":{"en":["\u003cp\u003eAll rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, recorded by any information storage and retrieval system, without the express written consent of the William Breman Jewish Heritage Museum.\u003c/p\u003e"]}},{"label":{"en":["Subject"]},"value":{"en":["Iteld, Eva Kaushanska (personal name)","Iteld, Shloem (1898-1992) (personal name)","Cantor Goodfriend, Isaac (1924-2009) (personal name)","Rabbi Epstein, Harry Hyman (1903-2003) (personal name)","Rabbi Goodman, Arnold M. (personal name)","Ahavath Achim Synagogue (corporate name)","Congregation Beth Jacob (corporate name)","American Jewish Joint Distribution Committee (corporate name)","David T. Howard High School (corporate name)","AMIT (corporate name)","Mizrachi Women (corporate name)","Women's Organization for the Pioneer Women of Palestine (corporate name)","Na'amat (corporate name)","Rich's (corporate name)","Bessarabia, Moldova (geographic term)","Kishinev, Moldova (geographic term)","Moldovia (geographic term)","Lenger, Kazakhstan (geographic term)","Odessa, Ukraine (geographic term)","Lodz, Poland (geographic term)","Krakow, Poland (geographic term)","Paris, France (geographic term)","Atlanta, Georgia (geographic term)","Russia (geographic term)","United States of America (geographic term)","Seder (topical term)","Passover (topical term)","Kosher (topical term)","Shabbat (topical term)","Minyan (topical term)","Yom Kippur (topical term)","Kol Nidre (topical term)","Goodfriend Award (topical term)","MS Sobieski (topical term)"]}}],"summary":{"en":["\u003cp\u003eEva Iteld was interviewed by Sara Ghitis and Ruth Einstein on May 29, 2002, in Atlanta, Georgia.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eEva (Yochevt) Kaushanskaia was born in Kishinev, Romania (present day Moldova) in December 1916. Eva\u0026rsquo;s father died when she was a baby. Eva and her older brother and sister were raised in an observant Orthodox home by their mother.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\u003cp\u003eIn 1940, the Soviet Union annexed the part of Romania where Kishinev was. Eva and her family became Russian citizens and were among thousands evacuated to Central Asia ahead of the German invasion of the Soviet Union in 1941. Eva\u0026rsquo;s brother joined the Russian army, while Eva, her mother and sister survived the war in Lenger, Kazakhstan. In Lenger, Eva helped her sister maintain a garden to offset their limited rations and worked as a night watchman at a Russian factory.\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\u003cp\u003eAfter the war, Eva\u0026rsquo;s brother returned to Lenger and introduced her to Shloem Iteld (1898-1992), a Jewish refugee from Lvov, Poland. On June 2, 1945, Eva and Shloem were married. The family soon left Lenger and settled in Moscow. Eva and Shloem were determined to immigrate to the United States, while her mother, brother and sister decided to stay in the Soviet Union. Eva and Shloem made their way to Krakow, Poland in 1946. With the help of Jewish organizations, the couple then spent ten months in Paris, France, waiting for visas.\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\u003cp\u003eOn December 3, 1947, Eva and Shloem arrived in New York City aboard the MS Sobieski. They immediately settled in Atlanta, Georgia and lived with Shloem\u0026rsquo;s extended family. With the help of Shloem\u0026rsquo;s family, the couple were able to buy a neighborhood grocery store and eventually a house. Eva and Shloem continued to run the store until their retirement, while raising two daughters.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\u003cp\u003eEva was an active member and former president of Pioneer Women and Mizrachi Women. With Mizrachi Women, Eva helped to establish The Canteen, housed at the Jewish Community Center, donated all of its profits from kosher food and snacks to charity. After retirement, Eva also volunteered with The Breman Jewish Home, Meals on Wheels, and Ahavath Achim Synagogue. Eva was recognized twice as a Woman of Valor by the Jewish Federation. She was the first recipient of the Goodfriend Award recognizing her outstanding volunteerism by Ahavath Achim Synagogue. Eva passed away on April 23, 2016.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eEva introduces her family and the Romanian town she grew up in. She talks about life as Russian citizen after Bessarabia was annexed in 1940. She describes her life as a refugee in Kazakhstan during the war. Eva explains how she met her husband. She recalls leaving Kazakhstan and heading to western Europe to await a visa to the United States. She remembers how much she enjoyed life in Paris, France after the war. Eva remembers her mother\u0026rsquo;s devotion to her children and strict religious observance. She considers her own religious perspective. Eva discusses her volunteer work at Ahavath Achim Synagogue. Eva recalls adjusting to life in America and becoming a mother. She recounts traveling through Europe after the war and sailing to the United States. Eva remembers the help they received from the Jewish community in Paris. She warmly recalls the kindness of her husband\u0026rsquo;s relatives when they came to Atlanta. She remembers her husband\u0026rsquo;s first job in Atlanta and buying a grocery store in the Old Fourth Ward. Eva talks about moving to the Morningside/Lenox Park neighborhood to raise her daughters. She reflects on the challenges of working full-time and raising a family. Eva remembers the kindness of customers at their grocery store.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e"]},"requiredStatement":{"label":{"en":["Attribution"]},"value":{"en":["\u003cp\u003eAll rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, recorded by any information storage and retrieval system, without the express written consent of the William Breman Jewish Heritage Museum.\u003c/p\u003e"]}},"provider":[{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/aboutus","type":"Agent","label":{"en":["William Breman Jewish Heritage Museum"]},"homepage":[{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/","type":"Text","label":{"en":["William Breman Jewish Heritage Museum"]},"format":"text/html"}],"logo":[{"id":"https://d9jk7wjtjpu5g.cloudfront.net/organizations/logo_images/000/000/082/original/TheBreman_SecondaryMark_Horizontal_Blue_Black.png?1713640889","type":"Image"}]}],"thumbnail":[{"id":"https://d9jk7wjtjpu5g.cloudfront.net/collection_resource_files/thumbnails/000/175/292/small/Iteld_Eva.m4v_1677600663.jpg?1677600664","type":"Image","format":"image/jpeg"}],"items":[{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/86975/file/175292","type":"Canvas","label":{"en":["Media File 1 of 1 - Iteld_Eva.m4v"]},"duration":3587.584,"width":640,"height":360,"thumbnail":[{"id":"https://d9jk7wjtjpu5g.cloudfront.net/collection_resource_files/thumbnails/000/175/292/small/Iteld_Eva.m4v_1677600663.jpg?1677600664","type":"Image","format":"image/jpeg"}],"items":[{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/86975/file/175292/content/1","type":"AnnotationPage","items":[{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/86975/file/175292/content/1/annotation/1","type":"Annotation","motivation":"painting","body":{"id":"https://aviary-p-thebreman.s3.wasabisys.com/collection_resource_files/resource_files/000/175/292/original/Iteld_Eva.m4v?1677600659","type":"Video","format":"video/mp4","duration":3587.584,"width":640,"height":360},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/86975/file/175292","metadata":[]}]}],"annotations":[{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/86975/file/175292/transcript/41934","type":"AnnotationPage","label":{"en":["Iteld, Eva [Transcript]"]},"items":[{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/86975/file/175292/transcript/41934/annotation/1","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"GHITIS: Today is May the 29th of 2002. We are interviewing Mrs. Eva Iteld.\n\nITELD: Thank you.\n\nGHITIS: Could you please state your name for us? What is your name?\n\nITELD: My name is Eva, E-V-A, Iteld, I-T-E-L-D.\n\nGHITIS: What is your maiden name?\n\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/86975/file/175292#t=0.0,30.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/86975/file/175292/transcript/41934/annotation/2","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"ITELD: You have to spell it first. Kaushanskaia, K-A-U-S-H-A-N-S-K-A-I-A.\n\nGHITIS: What is your Hebrew name?\n\nITELD: Yochevt. Y-O-C-H-E-V-T. You remember ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/86975/file/175292#t=30.0,60.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/86975/file/175292/transcript/41934/annotation/3","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"in the history, Moses' mother was\nname Yochevt? My name is Yochevt, after my Bubbie [Yiddish: grandmother].\n\nGHITIS: Can you please tell me when you were born?\n\nITELD: I was born at Hanukkah. In my days, there wasn't, \"She was born in May.\nShe was born in April.\" No, close ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/86975/file/175292#t=60.0,90.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/86975/file/175292/transcript/41934/annotation/4","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"to a holiday, that's when you were born. When\nI came to America, that year, it was in December, so we got it written down\nDecember 25, 1916.\n\nGHITIS: Where were you born?\n\nITELD: In Romania, in Bessarabia. It's Moldovia.\n\nGHITIS: What is the name of ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/86975/file/175292#t=90.0,120.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/86975/file/175292/transcript/41934/annotation/5","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"the place where you born, the city, the town?\n\nITELD: This is Kishenev. You want me to spell the name?\n\nGHITIS: If you don't mind.\n\nITELD: Yes, I do. It's K-I-S-H-E-N-E-V.\n\nGHITIS: Now, Kishinev is a place that was made famous.\n\nITELD: For pogroms, yes, ma'am, I was there. I lived ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/86975/file/175292#t=120.0,150.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/86975/file/175292/transcript/41934/annotation/6","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that.\n\nGHITIS: We will get to that.\n\nITELD: Yes.\n\nGHITIS: Where were you when the war ended?\n\nITELD: When it ended or when it began?\n\nGHITIS: Yes, ended.\n\nITELD: In Asia, in Lenger. It was a small, country town--Lenger--a coal mine. It\nwas very small, very hot. This is in ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/86975/file/175292#t=150.0,180.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/86975/file/175292/transcript/41934/annotation/7","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Asia. That's where we were. It was tough.\n\nGHITIS: I need to go back to one more detail. Could you please tell me your age?\n\nITELD: I am 85. I'll be 86 in December, but I'm 85 now.\n\nGHITIS: Now, let us go back to your time in that place in Asia. Could you spell it?\n\nITELD: Lenger? Yes. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/86975/file/175292#t=180.0,210.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/86975/file/175292/transcript/41934/annotation/8","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"L-E-N-G-E-R.\n\nGHITIS: What is it close to?\n\nITELD: To Shymkent, Tashkent, Almaty. This is . . . You see, when the war . . .\nYou don't want to know about when the war broke out yet?\n\nGHITIS: Please.\n\nITELD: When the war broke out, the Russians occupied ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/86975/file/175292#t=210.0,240.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/86975/file/175292/transcript/41934/annotation/9","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Kishenev. Of course, you\nknow all the stories about the Russians. They take everything over. Everything\nis theirs. Automatically, we became Russian citizens. When [Adolf] Hitler\ninvaded Kishenev, we weren't taken to a concentration camp. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/86975/file/175292#t=240.0,270.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/86975/file/175292/transcript/41934/annotation/10","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"As Russian citizens,\nwe were evacuated from Bessarabia. They kept us gone with all their citizens. We\nwent to Odessa. We stopped for a couple weeks, because my mom--may she rest in\npeace--had a sister there. Then, we went all over until they took us to Asia.\nThis is how we wound up there.\n\nGHITIS: How old were you at that time?\n\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/86975/file/175292#t=270.0,300.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/86975/file/175292/transcript/41934/annotation/11","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"ITELD: It was . . .\n\nGHITIS: More or less.\n\nITELD: More or less, I was in my . . . either 19 or 21, or something in this.\n\nGHITIS: What was happening in your life at that time?\n\nITELD: My mother became a widow when she was 36 years ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/86975/file/175292#t=300.0,330.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/86975/file/175292/transcript/41934/annotation/12","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"old. There were . . . She\nhad eight children, but some of them passed away. We wound up three--my sister,\nmy brother, myself--and my mother. It was hard. In Russia, there is an\nexpression. I don't know if you know Russian, but: Kto ne rabotayet, tot ne yest\n[Russian: He who does not work shall not eat]. I speak Russian, too. That ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/86975/file/175292#t=330.0,360.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/86975/file/175292/transcript/41934/annotation/13","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"means:\nOne that does not work doesn't eat. Plain English. During the war, it was\nrationed, the bread. We had to divide those three rations into four. It wasn't a\npicnic. We suffered a lot. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/86975/file/175292#t=360.0,390.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/86975/file/175292/transcript/41934/annotation/14","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"My momma, she was a real eshet chayil [Hebrew: woman\nof valor]. She was a good woman. She didn't want to get married because [she\nsaid], \"They're going to be my children, his children, and our children.\" She\nsacrificed herself, her life, a young woman, and she just took care of us.\n\nGHITIS: What was your mother's name?\n\nITELD: ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/86975/file/175292#t=390.0,420.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/86975/file/175292/transcript/41934/annotation/15","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Rahel. I have a granddaughter, Rachel, from her name.\n\nGHITIS: What was your father's name?\n\nITELD: Josef. I have a grandson, Joseph.\n\nGHITIS: You said you suffered a lot in those days. Could you tell us a little\nwhat your life was like?\n\nITELD: We ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/86975/file/175292#t=420.0,450.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/86975/file/175292/transcript/41934/annotation/16","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"were in Russia now. We are in Russia. It was . . . Here, at 16, 17,\n18, 19, they think they're grown and they know everything. I was just Momma's\nlittle girl. I was the baby. But I had to work, otherwise I don't get the ration\nof bread. They gave me a job. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/86975/file/175292#t=450.0,480.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/86975/file/175292/transcript/41934/annotation/17","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I don't know how you call it. You have a tall\nbuilding. On that, stands one person with a gun to watch if somebody comes in,\nif somebody goes out. It was a factory like. At night, I had a job to guard ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/86975/file/175292#t=480.0,510.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/86975/file/175292/transcript/41934/annotation/18","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that\nplace. This is the kind of life we had. It was tough, especially for a young\nkid--in my time, this age was just a kid--to stay with a gun, but you had to\nhave the bread, so you go.\n\nGHITIS: What work did your mother do?\n\nITELD: ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/86975/file/175292#t=510.0,540.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/86975/file/175292/transcript/41934/annotation/19","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"She didn't work. She stayed home, taking care of us. My sister--may she\nonly rest in peace--she was a fighter. She was older than I was. She went . . .\nShe got her a job in the cafeteria, so she brought some little things, whatever\nshe could bring. My momma made a meal out of it, put a ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/86975/file/175292#t=540.0,570.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/86975/file/175292/transcript/41934/annotation/20","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"little sugar here, a\nlittle salt there, and made a whole thing. My momma was taking . . . We made\nourselves a garden to have a potato, to have an onion, but we were city girls.\nWe grew up in the city. They told us that you had to go in the garden and pick\nout the weeds . . ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/86975/file/175292#t=570.0,600.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/86975/file/175292/transcript/41934/annotation/21","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":". what grows that you have to throw away. We picked up the\npotato thing and threw it away and left the weed in the garden. We didn't know.\nWe just were really . . . We didn't do these things. This is the reason . . . my\nbrother, they took in the ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/86975/file/175292#t=600.0,630.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/86975/file/175292/transcript/41934/annotation/22","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"army. It was tough on my mother, very tough. She was a\ngood woman.\n\nGHITIS: What did your brother tell you about his experience in the army?\n\nITELD: First of all, when he came, it was over--the war. He didn't want much to\ntalk about it. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/86975/file/175292#t=630.0,660.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/86975/file/175292/transcript/41934/annotation/23","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"He became an invalid of war, because--I don't know how they say\nit--he had epilepsy, or he used to fall down without knowing that he does it. It\nwas hard for him to talk about it. Then, it was hard to find a job, ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/86975/file/175292#t=660.0,690.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/86975/file/175292/transcript/41934/annotation/24","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"too. He went\nin the [black] market. They sort of overlooked the invalids of war. They\noverlooked if they did something. He just bought this pencil from you for ten\ncents, and he sold it for twenty cents, so he made ten cents on the job. This\nwas [how] my ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/86975/file/175292#t=690.0,720.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/86975/file/175292/transcript/41934/annotation/25","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"brother helped us out.\n\nGHITIS: How long did you stay in that place in Asia?\n\nITELD: A long time. In the meantime, I got . . . It was in Russia still, in\nLenger. Do you want to [hear about] before the war or after the war? We're still\nduring the war. That's what ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/86975/file/175292#t=720.0,750.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/86975/file/175292/transcript/41934/annotation/26","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"you want to know, right? There is not much to do.\nYou're depressed, too, and you worry. We just most of the time, we took care of\nour garden, had to take something out of it to help my mother. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/86975/file/175292#t=750.0,780.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/86975/file/175292/transcript/41934/annotation/27","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"It was like a\nduplex where we lived. On the other side was the owner of the place. She had a\nlittle calf. It was us, and the calf, and the other [woman]. The floor was of .\n. . What do you call it? It wasn't a wooden floor, no.\n\nGHITIS: ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/86975/file/175292#t=780.0,810.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/86975/file/175292/transcript/41934/annotation/28","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Cement?\n\nITELD: No, worse.\n\nGHITIS: Dirt?\n\nITELD: Dirt. That's what the floor was. But you do what you have to do.\n\nGHITIS: What about Jewish life?\n\nITELD: Forget it. What kind of Jewish life you have if you live among Asians,\nthat they haven't ever seen a Jew? What kind of . . .\n\nGHITIS: Do you ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/86975/file/175292#t=810.0,840.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/86975/file/175292/transcript/41934/annotation/29","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"know if there were other Jewish families?\n\nITELD: We didn't know anything. I don't think there were, but I don't know. I\ncouldn't tell you.\n\nGHITIS: Did you know anything about what was going on in the world, in terms of\nthe war?\n\nITELD: Yes, we knew. We knew some people [who] some kind of way they brought a\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/86975/file/175292#t=840.0,870.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/86975/file/175292/transcript/41934/annotation/30","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"paper. We didn't have any radio. Maybe they had some radios, but we personally\ndidn't have. The Russians were very strict. They didn't want us to know anything\nwhat's going on. But, sometimes, the men especially found out, and came, and\ntold us what, and how, and where.\n\nGHITIS: When ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/86975/file/175292#t=870.0,900.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/86975/file/175292/transcript/41934/annotation/31","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"did you leave?\n\nITELD: After the war was over. My husband, of blessed memory, he had a brother\nhere in Atlanta. He found out where he is and he started working at it, to bring\nus over. In the ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/86975/file/175292#t=900.0,930.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/86975/file/175292/transcript/41934/annotation/32","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"meantime, right after the war, I got married. I met my husband\nand got married.\n\nGHITIS: How did you meet him?\n\nITELD: He was from Poland. I was from Bessarabia. We wound up in Asia and then\nwe came together to America. How I met him? As I told you, my brother was an\ninvalid of war. This is the way you call it? What do you call ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/86975/file/175292#t=930.0,960.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/86975/file/175292/transcript/41934/annotation/33","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"it? A war veteran?\nI don't know what you call it, the exact terminology, but you have an idea what\nI'm saying. He, as I said, used to black marketing. He met my husband in the\nmarket at that place. This man didn't have any place. We lived in one room, four\nof ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/86975/file/175292#t=960.0,990.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/86975/file/175292/transcript/41934/annotation/34","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"us. He said, \"You know what? My mom will put you up.\" He brought him to our\nhouse. This [is] how it started. This [is] how I married my husband.\n\nGHITIS: What was his name?\n\nITELD: Shloem, S-H-L-O-E-M, Iteld.\n\nGHITIS: Where in Poland was he from?\n\nITELD: Lodz, L-O-D-Z.\n\nGHITIS: ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/86975/file/175292#t=990.0,1020.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/86975/file/175292/transcript/41934/annotation/35","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Do you know how he wound up in Asia?\n\nITELD: Of course. He lived in Lodz. When they started to grab the men--Hitler,\nwhen he invaded Poland, started grabbing them--nobody wants to go ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/86975/file/175292#t=1020.0,1050.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/86975/file/175292/transcript/41934/annotation/36","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"in the army,\nso he ran. He ran into one city to another. Then, he got caught and he was\narrested. I don't know if you know that part of Russian life. It's not only\nRussians; it's Germans, too. He had money, so he bought himself a way to ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/86975/file/175292#t=1050.0,1080.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/86975/file/175292/transcript/41934/annotation/37","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"leave.\nHe was a good businessman, really a Yidishe kop. He started running. I believe\nin bashert [Yiddish: destiny], fate. I believe very much so. He ran, ran, ran\nuntil he ran into Russia, into Lenger, into the same [adopted] hometown as I lived.\n\nGHITIS: What year did you leave ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/86975/file/175292#t=1080.0,1110.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/86975/file/175292/transcript/41934/annotation/38","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Lenger?\n\nITELD: Lenger? I think it was 1944 or 1945.\n\nGHITIS: Where did you go when you left?\n\nITELD: When we left, my brother-in-law worked to bring us over. It was an\nexchange of population in ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/86975/file/175292#t=1110.0,1140.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/86975/file/175292/transcript/41934/annotation/39","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Poland. The Poles gave Russians their people and the\nRussians gave the Poles their people. I became automatically a Polish person\nbecause I married a Pole. We started going on. The first thing, we went to\nKrakow, Poland, a beautiful city. The Joint Distribution ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/86975/file/175292#t=1140.0,1170.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/86975/file/175292/transcript/41934/annotation/40","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Committee, they helped\nus a lot. They did marvelous for us.\n\nGHITIS: What did they do for you?\n\nITELD: First of all, they gave us places where to live. They gave us rations of\nfood. They gave us human food, that you can eat, that you can enjoy. It was a\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/86975/file/175292#t=1170.0,1200.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/86975/file/175292/transcript/41934/annotation/41","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"completely different life than we had in Lenger.\n\nGHITIS: Who left Lenger when you left? Who else in your family went with you?\n\nITELD: I'm telling you, the whole mishpuche [Yiddish: family], my momma, and my\nsister and brother. Then, this Shloem lived with us. Then, my husband begged my\nmother ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/86975/file/175292#t=1200.0,1230.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/86975/file/175292/transcript/41934/annotation/42","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and sister and brother to come to America. They didn't want to come. They\nwere afraid. He started working at it to bring just myself and him to America.\nFirst, we lived in Paris for ten months. That was luxurious. They had a seder in\nParis. First of all, the ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/86975/file/175292#t=1230.0,1260.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/86975/file/175292/transcript/41934/annotation/43","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"food was magnificent. Then, they took us once to\n[unintelligible French cabaret; 38:32]. Yes, ma'am. I still was a young woman\nand sort of a country person. The performer was a beautiful young woman dressed\nin black [with] long sleeves [and] ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/86975/file/175292#t=1260.0,1290.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/86975/file/175292/transcript/41934/annotation/44","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"high collar, with an umbrella in the hand.\nShe performed beautifully. Then, she turned around. The whole behind was cut\nout. I thought I'd drop dead right then! I mean, [I wondered], \"What's going\non?\" Now, I see it every day, but then? A greenhorn from Kimshent, from Lenger!\nBut, Paris was ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/86975/file/175292#t=1290.0,1320.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/86975/file/175292/transcript/41934/annotation/45","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"beautiful.\n\nGHITIS: I want to go back for a moment to your mother, and sister, and brother.\nWhat were their reasons for not wanting to leave? What did they tell you?\n\nITELD: My brother had a good pension being [a veteran]. They didn't want to go.\nMy sister didn't want to ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/86975/file/175292#t=1320.0,1350.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/86975/file/175292/transcript/41934/annotation/46","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"go, so Momma said, \"Okay, the majority wins.\" It wasn't\nmeant for her to . . . But, then, they lived in Moscow because of my brother. He\ncould get a room, or whatever, an apartment, whatever he wants. I mean, not\nreally whatever he wants, but he had priority to ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/86975/file/175292#t=1350.0,1380.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/86975/file/175292/transcript/41934/annotation/47","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"everything. They lived fair--as\nfair as you can live in Russia.\n\nGHITIS: How religious was your family?\n\nITELD: My momma . . . See, I don't remember my father because [when] he died, I\nwas one year old. They were a very prominent family in Kishinev. My momma ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/86975/file/175292#t=1380.0,1410.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/86975/file/175292/transcript/41934/annotation/48","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"was--I\nhope I'm not talking too much--fanatically religious. As a matter of fact, do\nyou remember how our mommas used to kasher a chicken? They had that little round\nthing that you put the chicken [in], and then you soak it for half an hour, then\nyou salt it for an hour. She was thinking she might not have put enough ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/86975/file/175292#t=1410.0,1440.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/86975/file/175292/transcript/41934/annotation/49","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"salt, so\nshe put in every corner a little bit of salt for her conscious to be clear that\nshe had enough salt. She was really very . . . She used to make her own borscht\nfor Pesach and you better . . . They used to put it in a corner to ferment and\nyou better don't step with a piece of bread ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/86975/file/175292#t=1440.0,1470.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/86975/file/175292/transcript/41934/annotation/50","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"close to that thing, because . . .\nShe wasn't one of the mothers like here, pale. She wasn't pale. She'd hit you\nand you just go about your business. She was very religious. I am observant, but\nI'm not fanatic. In the ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/86975/file/175292#t=1470.0,1500.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/86975/file/175292/transcript/41934/annotation/51","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"condition you live, it makes you lose a little . . . You\nmake do what you have to do.\n\nGHITIS: In what way are you observant?\n\nITELD: I go to synagogue. As a matter of fact, now, since my husband passed\naway, I go twice a day. Not that I have to; only because I want ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/86975/file/175292#t=1500.0,1530.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/86975/file/175292/transcript/41934/annotation/52","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"to. They treat\nme beautifully. I keep a kosher home. When we first came to America . . . Maybe\nI'm getting too much ahead of myself. We came December ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/86975/file/175292#t=1530.0,1560.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/86975/file/175292/transcript/41934/annotation/53","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"3, 1947. My older\ndaughter was born in May the next year.\n\nGHITIS: Where was she born?\n\nITELD: The old Piedmont ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/86975/file/175292#t=1560.0,1590.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/86975/file/175292/transcript/41934/annotation/54","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Hospital. I am observant as much as I can be, let's say,\nbut to compare me to my mom? G-d forbid, she would turn over in her grave if she\nknew that I ride on Shabbos.\n\nGHITIS: Eva, you said you go to the synagogue twice a ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/86975/file/175292#t=1590.0,1620.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/86975/file/175292/transcript/41934/annotation/55","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"day?\n\nITELD: [Yes], twice a day.\n\nGHITIS: Twice a day.\n\nITELD: As a volunteer.\n\nGHITIS: What kind of things do you do when you go to the synagogue?\n\nITELD: In the morning, when you have the minyan . . . After the minyan, we serve\na cup of coffee, a piece of danish, and a little juice. I prepare all this and I\nserve ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/86975/file/175292#t=1620.0,1650.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/86975/file/175292/transcript/41934/annotation/56","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"them. Twice a week, we have bagel, and cream cheese, and jelly. We have it\non Monday and Thursday. I do that. I help to make a minyan. Unfortunately,\nsometimes we don't have a minyan during the week. In AA [Ahavath Achim\nSynagogue], they allow women to make the minyan. This is what I do and I love\nit. We have every month in ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/86975/file/175292#t=1650.0,1680.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/86975/file/175292/transcript/41934/annotation/57","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"AA a special breakfast for the people who come daily\nto the minyan. I do that. We have minyanaires in the synagogue every Sunday\nduring the year. I go every Sunday [and] prepare breakfast. They have a good\nbreakfast--grits, and eggs, and a bagel, and cream cheese, and ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/86975/file/175292#t=1680.0,1710.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/86975/file/175292/transcript/41934/annotation/58","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"jelly.\n\nGHITIS: How do you feel about belonging to a congregation where women are\ncounted equally, women and men perform the same duties, have the same obligations?\n\nITELD: To be very honest with you, when I came for the first time to this\nsynagogue, it was Yom Kippur, the Kol Nidre. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/86975/file/175292#t=1710.0,1740.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/86975/file/175292/transcript/41934/annotation/59","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"My husband, of course, was with me.\nA woman came up to the bimah to open the Ark. My husband--I thought he was\ngetting a heart attack--he walked out of the synagogue. But, you get used to\nAmerica. You tell yourself, \"You live in America and you have to do as America\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/86975/file/175292#t=1740.0,1770.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/86975/file/175292/transcript/41934/annotation/60","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"does.\" To a minyan, the regular daily minyan, one woman came to read from the\nTorah. The first time, I walked out of the minyan. You know Cantor [Isaac]\nGoodfriend? He walked out from the minyan, too. But we don't walk out anymore.\nWe just see that and . . . I, personally, don't like it. I don't do ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/86975/file/175292#t=1770.0,1800.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/86975/file/175292/transcript/41934/annotation/61","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"anything. I\ndon't get an aliyah [to the Torah], because I was raised that a woman does not\nparticipate in the services, period. I don't get an aliyah. I don't go to open\nthe Ark. I don't do anything. During the minyan, they have some English reading.\nThey give it to the women. I don't take it. I say, \"My momma didn't do it and I\ndidn't do it. That's ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/86975/file/175292#t=1800.0,1830.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/86975/file/175292/transcript/41934/annotation/62","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"all. Leave me alone.\" They leave me alone because I've been\ndoing it close to ten years. I just don't feel comfortable.\n\nGHITIS: Have you ever thought about belonging to an Orthodox congregation?\n\nITELD: No. I'll tell you why. We did belong in the very beginning to Beth Jacob,\nwhen we first came to America. But, then, when we started driving on ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/86975/file/175292#t=1830.0,1860.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/86975/file/175292/transcript/41934/annotation/63","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Shabbos . .\n. I told you we came in 1947. In 1948, the relatives bought for us a grocery\nstore. Of course, we had to pay, but not right away. We started riding on\nShabbos, because Shabbos in a colored neighborhood, a grocery store . . .\nShabbos is the main business day because they get ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/86975/file/175292#t=1860.0,1890.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/86975/file/175292/transcript/41934/annotation/64","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"paid and they pay their bill.\nYou give them on credit. If you don't open up on Shabbos, it's just too bad. I\nfeel personally that I don't belong to Beth Jacob, so I go to [AA]. But I don't\nlike it. It's not my preference.\n\nGHITIS: I know that ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/86975/file/175292#t=1890.0,1920.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/86975/file/175292/transcript/41934/annotation/65","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"you received a big award.\n\nITELD: How about that? A woman of achievement! I have the plaque over here. I'm\nvery proud of it, very much so. To be appreciated by such a big synagogue. I'm\nnot the big person and I'm not the rich person--you know, she gives here, she\ngives there--so I just feel good inside that I do ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/86975/file/175292#t=1920.0,1950.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/86975/file/175292/transcript/41934/annotation/66","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"something. Rabbi Epstein--may\nhe only be well--he is the one that brought us to America. So, I have very good\nfeeling towards this synagogue. Rabbi [Arnold] Goodman, he's just a love. I'm\njust in love with that man. Of course, he has faults like all of us, but he is\ngreat, the ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/86975/file/175292#t=1950.0,1980.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/86975/file/175292/transcript/41934/annotation/67","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"greatest rabbi.\n\nGHITIS: We are going to go back . . .\n\nITELD: Be my guest.\n\nGHITIS: . . . to early times. You were in Paris before coming to America.\n\nITELD: Loved it.\n\nGHITIS: How long did you stay there?\n\nITELD: A little bit over ten months. Our high schools give you a better\ncurriculum than they do in ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/86975/file/175292#t=1980.0,2010.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/86975/file/175292/transcript/41934/annotation/68","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"America. Now, America is doing it, too. They give you\nSpanish, they give you some different languages. In our country, they give you a\nlittle French, they give you a little German, they give you a little Latin,\neven. I knew a little bit of French from high school, French. Coming to Paris\nand living there for ten months, I picked up a little more. I just enjoyed it immensely.\n\nGHITIS: How did ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/86975/file/175292#t=2010.0,2040.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/86975/file/175292/transcript/41934/annotation/69","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"you end up in Paris? What happened? You said you were in Krakow?\n\nITELD: Yes. This is the way American immigration worked. We stayed in Krakow for\na few months and then, they worked out that you can keep on moving closer to\nAmerica. We stayed ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/86975/file/175292#t=2040.0,2070.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/86975/file/175292/transcript/41934/annotation/70","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"then. From Paris, we went to America.\n\nGHITIS: How did you travel from Krakow to Paris?\n\nITELD: By train, yes. We were in Moscow after the war, the first thing. They\ntransported us in an open ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/86975/file/175292#t=2070.0,2100.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/86975/file/175292/transcript/41934/annotation/71","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"car. It's not a car, of course; just no top, nothing.\nIt was so cold. I thought the wind would blow me away altogether.\n\nGHITIS: You went to Moscow from where?\n\nITELD: From Lenger.\n\nGHITIS: How long did you stay in Moscow?\n\nITELD: Not long. As a matter of fact, I found ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/86975/file/175292#t=2100.0,2130.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/86975/file/175292/transcript/41934/annotation/72","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"my cousin in Moscow . . . I don't\nknow how I found them, but we were talking to some people and I mentioned his\nname. They brought us to my cousin. Beautiful home. It was Pesach, so I went to\nhis seder. Beautiful. He said, \"Do you see all that? And I have gold, and I have\nmoney, and I ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/86975/file/175292#t=2130.0,2160.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/86975/file/175292/transcript/41934/annotation/73","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"have . . . Give me your passport to America. You stay here and you\ncan have everything I own.\" That's how good it was in Russia. He was a big man.\nThat's the reason for he had big money and big things. He locked all the doors\nwhen we came to make the seder. That's what he offered us.\n\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/86975/file/175292#t=2160.0,2190.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/86975/file/175292/transcript/41934/annotation/74","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"GHITIS: From Moscow, you went [where]?\n\nITELD: To Krakow, Poland.\n\nGHITIS: How did you travel?\n\nITELD: In a train. It wasn't luxurious, but it was beautiful just to go, just to\nleave, just not to stay.\n\nGHITIS: Why did it feel so beautiful?\n\nITELD: That you have a ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/86975/file/175292#t=2190.0,2220.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/86975/file/175292/transcript/41934/annotation/75","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"destination, that you have somewhere you're going to. You\njust sit in Lenger. You go in your job and you come home, you're tired. Not only\nphysically tired; but inside, you feel so . . . [I wondered,] \"Who am I to\nprotect that big building?\" That was degrading ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/86975/file/175292#t=2220.0,2250.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/86975/file/175292/transcript/41934/annotation/76","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"like. But, you do it.\n\nGHITIS: What are your memories of leaving Paris? What was it like?\n\nITELD: I loved it there. In the meantime, I got pregnant, so I wasn't feeling\ngood. The idea that you don't have to think, \"Tomorrow I have to ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/86975/file/175292#t=2250.0,2280.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/86975/file/175292/transcript/41934/annotation/77","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"go hear and day\nafter tomorrow, I have to go there,\" to feel like you have some ground under\nyour feet, that you belong somewhere, that you are not just a wandering Jew,\njust to hear you'll have to wait until they'll tell you to go or to come. It was\na good feeling.\n\nGHITIS: What did your husband do in Paris?\n\nITELD: We could ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/86975/file/175292#t=2280.0,2310.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/86975/file/175292/transcript/41934/annotation/78","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"not do anything as the legal way because we weren't citizens. We\nwere immigrants. As I told you, they took care of us. We had a beautiful\napartment in a hotel with a veranda, with a balcony. It was . . . I'm telling\nyou, I fell in love with Paris. I could have stayed there, if they would let me.\nI ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/86975/file/175292#t=2310.0,2340.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/86975/file/175292/transcript/41934/annotation/79","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"had a girlfriend in high school. She had a sister that lived in Paris. I knew\nher name and I started looking for her, just to talk. She said, \"What are\ndoing?\" I said, \"We could do something, because you know, a little money always\nhelps out.\" We didn't have . . . They give us everything we needed. We weren't\nlacking anything, ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/86975/file/175292#t=2340.0,2370.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/86975/file/175292/transcript/41934/annotation/80","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"but you sort of . . . You're human. She had friends that they\nhad a factory of pants. She said, \"I can give you some work that you don't have\nto go there. I'll bring it to your apartment. You're not going to get rich out\nof this, but you're going to have a few pennies.\" ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/86975/file/175292#t=2370.0,2400.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/86975/file/175292/transcript/41934/annotation/81","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"We said, \"Good.\" He brought us\nthese pants and we were sewing on buttons. I was sewing on buttons, and my\nhusband was sewing on buttons, and we got rich. It was wonderful. I don't know .\n. . I'm not a princess. I like to do something and I like to do it by myself for\nmyself. Just to sit and say, \"Okay, I'll get my ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/86975/file/175292#t=2400.0,2430.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/86975/file/175292/transcript/41934/annotation/82","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"ration and I'm happy,\" I wasn't.\nWe weren't happy for that. But to get and get a job, it was impossible.\n\nGHITIS: Did you have a sewing machine?\n\nITELD: I used to. Now, I don't. We are not talking about now. Now, I'm a princess.\n\nGHITIS: This sewing machine . . .\n\nITELD: Was bought here in America.\n\nGHITIS: In Paris, did you have a sewing machine?\n\nITELD: ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/86975/file/175292#t=2430.0,2460.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/86975/file/175292/transcript/41934/annotation/83","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"No.\n\nGHITIS: How did you travel from France to the United States?\n\nITELD: By boat. [It was the] Sobieski. I had a hard time by boat because, I told\nyou, I was pregnant. I couldn't eat anything. Excuse me, I was throwing ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/86975/file/175292#t=2460.0,2490.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/86975/file/175292/transcript/41934/annotation/84","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"up all\nthe time. My husband, may he rest in peace, he was the brave one. He said, \"It\ndoesn't bother me.\" You know how these men are. One day, he came, he said, \"I\ndon't feel good.\" He sort of fell. He scared me. It caught him, too.\n\nGHITIS: What was your port of departure? From ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/86975/file/175292#t=2490.0,2520.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/86975/file/175292/transcript/41934/annotation/85","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"where did you leave? Where did you\nboard the ship?\n\nITELD: Give me a name of a . . .\n\nGHITIS: Marseille [France]?\n\nITELD: No.\n\nGHITIS: Le Havre [France]?\n\nITELD: No. Let's forget it. I forgot it.\n\nGHITIS: Where did you arrive with the ship?\n\nITELD: To New York.\n\nGHITIS: After how many ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/86975/file/175292#t=2520.0,2550.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/86975/file/175292/transcript/41934/annotation/86","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"days?\n\nITELD: It was plenty of days. I don't remember how many days. My brother-in-law,\nmay he rest in peace, and my niece came to meet us. They were trying to show us\nNew York, but we were so miserable, we were so out of control. We said, \"Maybe\nif you want to show us New York, take us some other time. Take us ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/86975/file/175292#t=2550.0,2580.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/86975/file/175292/transcript/41934/annotation/87","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"home. Take us\nwhere we can see a bed that belongs to me, to lie down.\" They took us home here.\nI've lived in Atlanta since the end of 1947.\n\nGHITIS: When did you leave New York for Atlanta?\n\nITELD: I don't ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/86975/file/175292#t=2580.0,2610.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/86975/file/175292/transcript/41934/annotation/88","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"remember. New York? No, we didn't stay long. I don't even know if\nwe came by plane or train. I think we came by train. I think so. We didn't stay\nin New York. I didn't even sleep over a night in New York. I didn't know\nanything about New York.\n\nGHITIS: What are your memories of your arrival in ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/86975/file/175292#t=2610.0,2640.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/86975/file/175292/transcript/41934/annotation/89","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Atlanta?\n\nITELD: It was tough. Why? I'm just a stranger to them. I've never met them. They\nwere most gracious. They just did whatever they could to . . . It's not for me,\nbut for their uncle. It's a brother, and a sister-in-law, and a niece, and a\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/86975/file/175292#t=2640.0,2670.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/86975/file/175292/transcript/41934/annotation/90","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"nephew were here. But they were so outgoing, and so friendly, and tried their\nhardest to make me feel at home that I just started loving it right away. My\nniece . . . She's in Atlanta. You know how it is in America. This boy ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/86975/file/175292#t=2670.0,2700.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/86975/file/175292/transcript/41934/annotation/91","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"had his\nroom, this girl has her room, the maid has her room, and, you know. She moved\none of her children out of her room of her home and she gave us the room. This\nhas to be appreciated. Then, time goes ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/86975/file/175292#t=2700.0,2730.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/86975/file/175292/transcript/41934/annotation/92","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"by. My older daughter arrived in May. My\nnephew was in grocery business, too. When did she decide to arrive? On Saturday.\nSaturday, as I told you, is a big day. He had a big supermarket. He said, \"Eva?\"\nI said, \"Well, let's call a taxi.\" He said, \"You are not going anywhere in a\ntaxi. I am taking you to the hospital,\" which I will ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/86975/file/175292#t=2730.0,2760.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/86975/file/175292/transcript/41934/annotation/93","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"never forget. In May is\nMother's Day. I wasn't a mother then, but my nephew went and bought me a box of\ncandy. I will never forget the taste of that candy. To a stranger! He knows me\njust a few months. I am nobody to him. This is how they treated me. This is how\nthey welcomed me into their ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/86975/file/175292#t=2760.0,2790.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/86975/file/175292/transcript/41934/annotation/94","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"home.\n\nGHITIS: Where was their home? Do you remember?\n\nITELD: Yes, on Wabash Avenue.\n\nGHITIS: What did you husband do when he started working?\n\nITELD: In the beginning . . . Do you know there was here a big store here,\nSunshine . . . Maybe you didn't live here. It doesn't matter. It was a store. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/86975/file/175292#t=2790.0,2820.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/86975/file/175292/transcript/41934/annotation/95","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"My\nbrother-in-law, my uncle came [as] a Greener, he doesn't speak any English. That\nhelped a lot. I couldn't speak a word of English. I didn't know the difference\nbetween 'yes' and 'no,' but I had a good background. I speak a little French and\nour alphabet, the Romanian alphabet, is the same as English alphabet, which\nhelped me a lot. I ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/86975/file/175292#t=2820.0,2850.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/86975/file/175292/transcript/41934/annotation/96","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"tried. I pushed myself, yes, but it worked out. They started\nasking maybe somebody can . . . My husband, he didn't want to stay home, just to\nsit home and eat. They gave him a job in this . . . They had some kind of big\ndepartment store. The others . . . ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/86975/file/175292#t=2850.0,2880.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/86975/file/175292/transcript/41934/annotation/97","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Not like Rich's, but one of those [on] the\nother side of town. I don't know. He never wanted to talk about it. He said,\n\"You don't want to know what I'm doing. I'm doing. I get paid. I go out of the\nhouse. I don't sit like an . . .\" [I said,] \"Okay.\" One day, the boss told my\nhusband to ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/86975/file/175292#t=2880.0,2910.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/86975/file/175292/transcript/41934/annotation/98","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"wash the windows. He said, \"Not on your life. I am not washing\nanybody's windows.\" He quit. Then, my brother-in-law was trying to find him some\nother jobs. He was a manufacturer--my husband--in Lodz. Do you know what\n[unintelligible; 10:43] ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/86975/file/175292#t=2910.0,2940.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/86975/file/175292/transcript/41934/annotation/99","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"is? That's him. They just had sort of a little get\ntogether. They bought us a grocery store. Judy was born in May. They bought us a\nstore the tenth of July. I left the baby with a shvartse [Yiddish: black woman]\nand I went to work. Little by little, and ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/86975/file/175292#t=2940.0,2970.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/86975/file/175292/transcript/41934/annotation/100","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"little by little, we bought a home,\nsent the children to school, sent the children to college, and . . .\n\nGHITIS: Where was your grocery store?\n\nITELD: On Randolph and Houston Street.\n\nGHITIS: Where was your first home?\n\nITELD: Upstairs from the grocery store, but we were lucky. We had a high ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/86975/file/175292#t=2970.0,3000.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/86975/file/175292/transcript/41934/annotation/101","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"school\nacross the street from the grocery store. That helped us a lot because children\n[spend] a nickel here and a penny there. This is how we started. We had a very\nsmall grocery store. [It was] just myself and my husband. But the school . . .\nOf course, children, they'll pick up things, they'll go, and they're not going\nto pay. But, still, it was enough for them and for ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/86975/file/175292#t=3000.0,3030.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/86975/file/175292/transcript/41934/annotation/102","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"us. Then, we started knowing\nbetter the teachers and the principal, so when they had recess, the teachers\nused to come in to stay with us, just to watch it for order in the store. It was\ngood. I used to . . . When my girls grew up just a little, they used to come\n[and] just stand there to ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/86975/file/175292#t=3030.0,3060.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/86975/file/175292/transcript/41934/annotation/103","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"watch. We lived upstairs five years. Then, my older\ndaughter was five years old. She has to go to school. She has to go to\nkindergarten. I did send her to AA to preschool. The bus used to come. Just the\ndifference--fifteen and a half months--between the two girls. They used to go\ntogether ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/86975/file/175292#t=3060.0,3090.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/86975/file/175292/transcript/41934/annotation/104","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"to pre-kindergarten in AA. Then, they got a little older, they have to\ngo to a school. We bought a home on Meadowdale Avenue. I don't know if you know\nthe town. It's off of Highland Avenue. It's a nice neighborhood and we just\nloved it.\n\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/86975/file/175292#t=3090.0,3120.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/86975/file/175292/transcript/41934/annotation/105","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"GHITIS: You said your second daughter was born fifteen months . . .\n\nITELD: This one is the younger one. She was born fifteen and a half months after\nthe older daughter.\n\nGHITIS: What about your Jewish life?\n\nITELD: As I said, we used . . . My ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/86975/file/175292#t=3120.0,3150.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/86975/file/175292/transcript/41934/annotation/106","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"children started going to school. They were\npretty good girls. We're here and that. We couldn't go to synagogue every\nShabbos, because, as I told you, Shabbos is the biggest day. You have to stay in\nthe store. Sometimes, they used to say the Kiddush. My husband said, \"I don't\ncare if I have a store or not. I'm going to hear my children.\" We didn't go\ntogether. Somebody stayed in the ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/86975/file/175292#t=3150.0,3180.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/86975/file/175292/transcript/41934/annotation/107","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"store. I stayed in the store. He used to go to\nsynagogue. This was the most of our Jewish life because the children were small,\nwe worked . . . My husband used to go to the store at seven in the morning.\nSometimes [it was] earlier, because he used to stop by the market to buy the\nvegetables and then come to the store. I used to come in later, but I came by\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/86975/file/175292#t=3180.0,3210.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/86975/file/175292/transcript/41934/annotation/108","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"bus. He had a car already, mind you, but I used to come by bus, until the maid\nused to come in and stayed with the children. I'm not going to leave the\nchildren by themselves. Then, I had one [that was] a live-in [maid], so it was\nbetter. I used to go and come when I get ready.\n\nGHITIS: Where was Ahavath Achim? Where was it located in those days?\n\nITELD: ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/86975/file/175292#t=3210.0,3240.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/86975/file/175292/transcript/41934/annotation/109","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"On Washington Street. Then, while they were building this synagogue, they\nhad it on 10th Street. The school was on 10th Street, so the children used to go\nthere. I made them go to Sunday School every Sunday, no problem, and to\nreligious school ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/86975/file/175292#t=3240.0,3270.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/86975/file/175292/transcript/41934/annotation/110","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"three times a week. They used to go. It was a bus. Ahavath\nAchim had a bus to go pick up the children and a half a day, I was safe. But\nthen, it was a maid in the house to take care of them until I come.\n\nGHITIS: Who were some of your friends in those days?\n\nITELD: Very few, but my sister-in-law, she was an angel. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/86975/file/175292#t=3270.0,3300.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/86975/file/175292/transcript/41934/annotation/111","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"She belonged to\norganizations. She belonged to Mizrachi, which I later became the president of.\nShe belonged to Pioneer Women, which I later became the president of. This was .\n. . I didn't have a person, what I feel is a personal friend that you can talk\nand you can say . . . No, I still don't have a ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/86975/file/175292#t=3300.0,3330.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/86975/file/175292/transcript/41934/annotation/112","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"good personal friend. I had one\nhere, a good personal friend, but she passed away. Anyway, I started doing\nvolunteer work, go to meetings, do, repair. I like to bake. Sometimes you bake a\ncake. You do something. This is the friendship. That's as far as . . . But we\ndidn't go anywhere. We were so ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/86975/file/175292#t=3330.0,3360.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/86975/file/175292/transcript/41934/annotation/113","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"tired and you leave the children always by\nthemselves. How could you even think of leaving them on Sunday, too, when you're\noff? You spend a little time with the children. When my children . . . When the\nmaid left . . . One time, she got mad at . . . They stayed at the door and\ncried. See, if I would leave, they wouldn't care. They knew the maid better than\nthey knew ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/86975/file/175292#t=3360.0,3390.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/86975/file/175292/transcript/41934/annotation/114","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"me. We stayed home.\n\nEINSTEIN: Mrs. Iteld, can you tell me what it was like culturally for you to\ncome from Paris and then be in a tough neighborhood situation? What was that\nlike? What was the neighborhood like where you lived?\n\nITELD: In America?\n\nEINSTEIN: Yes, here in Atlanta.\n\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/86975/file/175292#t=3390.0,3420.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/86975/file/175292/transcript/41934/annotation/115","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"ITELD: It wasn't bad because I had to concentrate on my new life. I had two\nkids, a husband, a business. I sort of felt so happy that I am in one place with\nmy family. Though it was upstairs from . . . It wasn't so ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/86975/file/175292#t=3420.0,3450.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/86975/file/175292/transcript/41934/annotation/116","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"hotsy-totsy, but it\nwas my place. It was wonderful. I didn't mind it at all.\n\nEINSTEIN: Some people experienced some difficulty with the grocery stores. Did\nyou ever have any problems, or did you like that life? What was the life like\nfor you every day?\n\nITELD: Let me tell you something. I was too busy staying in the ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/86975/file/175292#t=3450.0,3480.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/86975/file/175292/transcript/41934/annotation/117","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"store all day,\ncoming home . . . I have to look at the baby at least, to take a peek. Then when\nI had two . . . Those days, the colored neighborhood greeted me so warmly. They\nhelped me out. They helped me out ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/86975/file/175292#t=3480.0,3510.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/86975/file/175292/transcript/41934/annotation/118","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"with the language, too, because I couldn't\nspeak. I didn't understand what they talking. Let me tell you. One customer came\nin and she was very nice. She said, \"I think I'll make some chicken today.\" I\nsaid, \"Well, that's a good idea.\" Maybe I didn't say it so plain, but I meant\nit. She said, \"Tell me. Is this chicken fresh?\" I said, \"No.\" I didn't know what\n'fresh' ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/86975/file/175292#t=3510.0,3540.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/86975/file/175292/transcript/41934/annotation/119","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"means, so I said, \"No.\" She started sort of . . . not laughing, but sort\nof awkward. She said, \"you must have not understood what I was asking you.\" I\ntold her I felt like I'm in trouble. I told her. Then, we were laughing it off\ntogether. What I am trying to say [is] that they were so kind to me, to my\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/86975/file/175292#t=3540.0,3570.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/86975/file/175292/transcript/41934/annotation/120","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"husband. They sort of learned our story, that we lived through the war and we\nsuffered, so they sort of worked like with us together. It was good.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/86975/file/175292#t=3570.0,3600.0"}]},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/86975/file/175292/annotation_set/991","type":"AnnotationPage","label":{"en":["Annotations [Transcript]"]},"items":[{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/86975/file/175292/annotation_set/991/annotation/121","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eJochebed [Hebrew: Yokheved] is the wife of Amram and mother of Moses, Aaron, and Miriam. She is mentioned by name twice in the Bible. \u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/86975/file/175292#t=60.0,90.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/86975/file/175292/annotation_set/991/annotation/122","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eHanukkah \u003c/em\u003eor \u003cem\u003eChanukah \u003c/em\u003e[Hebrew: dedication] is an eight-day festival of lights usually falling around Christmas on the Christian calendar. \u003cem\u003eHanukkah \u003c/em\u003ecelebrates the victory of the Maccabees in 165 BCE over the Seleucid rulers of Palestine, who had desecrated the Temple. The Maccabees wanted to re-dedicate the Temple altar to Jewish worship by rekindling the menorah (ritual candelabra) but could only find one small jar of ritually pure olive oil. This oil continued to burn miraculously for eight days, enabling them to prepare new oil. The \u003cem\u003eHanukkah menorah\u003c/em\u003e, or \u003cem\u003ehanukiah\u003c/em\u003e, with its nine branches, is used to commemorate this miracle by lighting eight candles, one for each day, with the ninth candle. \u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/86975/file/175292#t=60.0,90.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/86975/file/175292/annotation_set/991/annotation/123","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eBessarabia is a historical region in Eastern Europe, bounded by the Dniester River on the east and the Prut River on the west, mostly in modern-day Moldova and part of Ukraine. The area had been under Russian rule during the nineteenth century. In 1917, in the wake of the Russian Revolution, it became part of the Kingdom of Romania.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/86975/file/175292#t=90.0,120.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/86975/file/175292/annotation_set/991/annotation/124","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eMoldavia is a historical region and former principality in Central and Eastern Europe, corresponding to the territory between the Eastern Carpathians and the Dniester River. An initially independent and later autonomous state, it existed as a vassal of the Ottoman Empire from 1538 until the eighteenth century, when it passed to the Austrian Empire as a result of the Kutsug-Kainargi peace treaty. In 1859, it united with the historical and geographical region of Wallachia as the basis of the modern Romanian state. At various times, Moldavia included the regions of Bessarabia, all of Bukovina and Hertza.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/86975/file/175292#t=90.0,120.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/86975/file/175292/annotation_set/991/annotation/125","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eKishinev (officially: Chişinău; Yiddish: Keshenev, formerly Kishinyov) is the capital city of the Republic of Moldova, a small country wedged between Ukraine and Romania. It is situated along the Bâcu (Byk) River, in the south-central part of the country. Kishinev is in the historical region of Bessarabia, which was annexed by the Russian Empire in 1818. After World War I, it was in the Kingdom of Romania. At the turn of the twentieth century, the city was home to over 50,000 Jews, who lived alongside Russians, Ukrainians, Romanians, Poles, Germans, Armenians, Greeks, and Roma. There were four Jewish schools—two elementary and two high schools—in Kishinev.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/86975/file/175292#t=120.0,150.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/86975/file/175292/annotation_set/991/annotation/126","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003ePogrom is a Russian word meaning \"to wreak havoc, to demolish violently\" that historically refers to violent attacks on by local non-Jewish populations on Jews. Anti-Jewish pogroms in the Russian Empire were large-scale, targeted, and repeated anti-Jewish rioting that first began in the 19th century. Two major pogroms occurred in Kishinev on April 6-7, 1903 and October 19-20, 1905. The first pogrom was preceded by a series of vicious antisemitic articles in the local newspaper. Just before Passover in 1903, the newspaper accused Kishinev’s Jews of the ritual murder of a Christian child. Though it was shown that the child had not been killed by Jews, a violent mob attacked them anyway, killing 49 people, maiming 586, and destroying 1,350 Jewish houses and 588 shops. Local authorities and Russian police were incapable of stopping the pogrom. Some of the perpetrators were tried by the Russian courts but received just light sentences. Photographs of the atrocities spread around the world, raising protest and sympathy among the Jewish and non-Jewish public in Europe and the United States. Kishinev became a symbol of Jewish suffering in tsarist Russia. Although Russian officials had not organized the 1903 pogrom, a wave of state-sanctioned, antisemitic violence swept through the area in 1905 and another 19 Jews were killed in Kishinev.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/86975/file/175292#t=120.0,150.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/86975/file/175292/annotation_set/991/annotation/127","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eLenger (also Lenger-Ugol) is a town in the Turkistan region of southern Kazakhstan, about 19 miles (36 kilometers) southeast of Shymkent and close to the Uzbekistan border.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/86975/file/175292#t=150.0,180.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/86975/file/175292/annotation_set/991/annotation/128","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eShymkent, known until 1993 as Chimkent, is the capital city of the South Kazakhstan Region, the most densely populated region in present-day Kazakhstan. Following the Russian Empire’s conquest of the area in 1864, Shymkent was a city of trade between nomadic Turks and sedentary Turks. There was a gulag (forced labor camp) located near Shymkent, and many Russian-speaking people came to the area via imprisonment.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/86975/file/175292#t=210.0,240.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/86975/file/175292/annotation_set/991/annotation/129","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eTashkent is the capital and largest city of Uzbekistan, a Central Asian nation and former Soviet republic.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/86975/file/175292#t=210.0,240.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/86975/file/175292/annotation_set/991/annotation/130","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eAlmaty is the historical capital and largest city in Kazakhstan, a Central Asian nation and former Soviet republic.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/86975/file/175292#t=210.0,240.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/86975/file/175292/annotation_set/991/annotation/131","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eIn the early stages of World War II, Romania tried to remain neutral, but foreign powers and events created heavy pressure on Romania. The signing of the Molotov-Ribbentrop Pact left Romania isolated between two great powers, Germany and the USSR, both of which were hostile to Romania. On June 26, 1940, a Soviet ultimatum demanded territories in its northern border regions, including Hertza, Bukovina, and Bessarabia. Romania decided to cede to the Soviet ultimatum, hoping to maintain the rest of Romanian territory and avoid war. Soon after, Romania joined the Axis military campaign. At the time it was annexed to the Soviet Union, there were about 207,000 Jews living in Bessarabia. The northern area was annexed to Ukraine, while the remaining central area went to the Soviet Socialist Republic of Moldova and Kishinev became its capital.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/86975/file/175292#t=210.0,240.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/86975/file/175292/annotation_set/991/annotation/132","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eFor the Jewish population, the Soviet occupation replaced racial persecution with the terrible experience of Communist social egalitarianism and Stalinist terror. Zionist organizations were disbanded and thousands of Jewish national activists, business owners and intellectuals were sent to labor camps in Siberia, central Asia, and other locations deep in the interior of the Soviet Union. \u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/86975/file/175292#t=240.0,270.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/86975/file/175292/annotation_set/991/annotation/133","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eUnder the codename Operation “Barbarossa,” Germany invaded the Soviet Union on June 22, 1941, in the largest German military operation of World War II. Although the Soviet Union had been Germany’s ally in the war against Poland, the destruction of the Soviet Union and conquest of territory in the East had long been one of Hitler’s proclaimed goals. The attack on the Soviet Union marked a turning point in both the history of World War II and the Holocaust.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/86975/file/175292#t=240.0,270.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/86975/file/175292/annotation_set/991/annotation/134","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eMany of them ended up in the Red Army, while others endured living and working conditions that were generally poor. During the Axis invasion of the Soviet Union the Soviet Union in late June 1941, more than one million Jews in territories across Eastern Europe were evacuated by Soviet authorities or managed to escape on their own into the Soviet interior before German troops marched into their towns and villages. A significant group of evacuees, including many Jewish families, arrived in Central Asia (Uzbekistan, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Tadzhikistan, and Turkmenistan) in 1941-1942.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/86975/file/175292#t=270.0,300.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/86975/file/175292/annotation_set/991/annotation/135","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eOdessa is the third largest city in Ukraine and is a major seaport and transportation hub located on the northwestern shore of the Black Sea.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/86975/file/175292#t=270.0,300.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/86975/file/175292/annotation_set/991/annotation/136","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003e“He who does not work shall not eat\" is an aphorism from the New Testament attributed to Paul the Apostle. In his 1917 work, \u003cem\u003eThe State and The Revolution\u003c/em\u003e, Vladimir Lenin quoted it to imply labor and service are a necessary principle under socialism. \u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/86975/file/175292#t=330.0,360.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/86975/file/175292/annotation_set/991/annotation/137","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eEshet chayil\u003c/em\u003e [Hebrew] is generally translated as “Woman of Valor.” It’s a portion from the Book of Proverbs (chapter 31:10–31) that is traditionally sung before Kiddush. the Friday night Shabbat meal. The poem speaks of a woman of valor as one who is strong and righteous—and also capable of keeping a good, Jewish household. \u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/86975/file/175292#t=390.0,420.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/86975/file/175292/annotation_set/991/annotation/138","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eEpilepsy is a disorder in which nerve cell activity in the brain is disturbed, causing seizures.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/86975/file/175292#t=660.0,690.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/86975/file/175292/annotation_set/991/annotation/139","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eHerz “Harry” Iteld (1890-1969), his wife Guta (1897-1990), and their children had immigrated to the United States in 1938 and settled in Atlanta, Georgia.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/86975/file/175292#t=900.0,930.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/86975/file/175292/annotation_set/991/annotation/140","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eShloem Iteld (1898-1992) was born in Bransk, Poland.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/86975/file/175292#t=990.0,1020.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/86975/file/175292/annotation_set/991/annotation/141","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eLodz [Polish: Łódź] was a large textile manufacturing city and Jewish cultural center about 75 miles (121 km) from Warsaw. Lodz was approximately 143 miles (230 km) east of the German border. The Germans occupied it on September 8, 1939 and renamed it “Litzmannstadt.” Immediately after occupying Lodz, anti-Jewish violence broke out in the city. The Germans began seizing Jews for forced labor, confiscating Jewish property, and executing or deporting to concentration camps hundreds of the city’s elite. After the German invasion, Lodz was annexed into the Reich. To make room for “repatriated” ethnic Germans [German: Volkesdeutschen], waves of Jews and Poles were deported to the Generalgouvernement. Even before the ghetto was set up Jews were deported in waves and by March 1940 almost 70,000 Jews had already been forced out or fled the city voluntarily. \u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/86975/file/175292#t=990.0,1020.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/86975/file/175292/annotation_set/991/annotation/142","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eYidishe kop (also spelled \u003cem\u003eyiddishe kopf\u003c/em\u003e, \u003cem\u003eyidisha kopf,\u003c/em\u003e or \u003cem\u003eyiddishe kop\u003c/em\u003e) literally means “Jewish head” in the Yiddish language, but refers to having the mental agility for traditional Jewish scholarship, or simple common sense. \u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/86975/file/175292#t=1080.0,1110.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/86975/file/175292/annotation_set/991/annotation/143","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eA major population exchange also took place between Poland and the Soviet Union in July 1945, when an agreement allowed for a population exchange that covered former Polish citizens, including Jews, who had spent the war in the Soviet interior. Registration for this exchange was not mandatory, but many of those who had been evacuated in 1941 opted for returning to Poland. A high proportion of those who chose to return to Poland were Jews who feared Soviet antisemitism and saw a return to the west as the first step in eventual immigration to Palestine, the United States, or other destinations. \u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/86975/file/175292#t=1110.0,1140.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/86975/file/175292/annotation_set/991/annotation/144","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eKrakow [Polish: Kraków; sometimes also “Krakow”] is the second largest city in Poland, situated on the Vistula River. The city is one of the oldest in Poland and dates back to the seventh century. In 1939, some 56,000 Jews (almost one-quarter of the total population) resided in Krakow. The Germans evacuated Krakow on January 17, 1945. Soviet forces entered the city two days later, on January 19, 1945. Only 2,000 Jews from Krakow survived the war. Some Jews who lived in Russia during the war returned to Krakow in 1945-46, but a Jewish community was not re-established because of a fear of pogroms.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/86975/file/175292#t=1140.0,1170.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/86975/file/175292/annotation_set/991/annotation/145","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe American Jewish Joint Distribution Committee (commonly called “the Joint”) is a worldwide Jewish relief organization headquartered in New York. It was established in 1914. After World War II, the Joint provided desperately needed supplies and necessities to survivors inside and outside of DP camps in Eastern Europe, Hungary, Poland and Romania.  Long: A worldwide Jewish relief organization headquartered in New York. It was established in 1914. Before World War II, it sent funds to subsidize medical care, schools, vocational training, welfare programs and emigration efforts to beleaguered Jews in Europe. During the Nazi era they tried to get Jewish refugees out to anywhere that would have them including the United States, Palestine, and Latin America. When war broke out they helped thousands of Jews in Poland with shelters and soup kitchens, hospitals, and educational and cultural programs. When the United States entered the war in 1941, the Joint shifted gears since it was not allowed to operate legally in enemy countries. They used international connections to channel aid to Jews in conquered Europe. Wartime headquarters were set up in Lisbon, Portugal from which the Joint mounted rescue operations for desperate refugees including sponsoring a program to get 15,000 Jews from Europe to Shanghai, China. After the war, the Joint provided desperately needed supplies and necessities to survivors. More than 227 million pounds of food, medicine, clothing and other supplies were shipped to Europe to survivors inside and outside of DP camps in Eastern Europe, Hungary, Poland and Romania.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/86975/file/175292#t=1140.0,1170.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/86975/file/175292/annotation_set/991/annotation/146","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eSeder \u003c/em\u003e[Hebrew: order] is a Jewish ritual feast that marks the beginning of the Jewish holiday of Passover. It is conducted on the evening of the fifteenth day of Nisan in the Hebrew calendar throughout the world. Some communities hold \u003cem\u003eseder \u003c/em\u003eon both the first two nights of Passover. The \u003cem\u003eseder \u003c/em\u003eincorporates prayers, candle lighting, and traditional foods symbolizing the slavery of the Jews and the exodus from Egypt. It is one of the most colorful and joyous occasions in Jewish life. \u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/86975/file/175292#t=1230.0,1260.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/86975/file/175292/annotation_set/991/annotation/147","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eA ‘greenhorn’ is an inexperienced person, and oftentimes refers to newcomers who are unfamiliar with the ways of a place or group. The form “greeny,” “greenie,” “greener” was also widespread in America.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/86975/file/175292#t=1290.0,1320.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/86975/file/175292/annotation_set/991/annotation/148","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eKashering \u003c/em\u003eis a Yiddish phrase that refers to the process of making something \u003cem\u003ekosher\u003c/em\u003e, such as preparing for Passover by cleaning and purifying kitchens and dishes that may not have followed the rules of separating meat and dairy in normal day to day use. \u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/86975/file/175292#t=1410.0,1440.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/86975/file/175292/annotation_set/991/annotation/149","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eBorscht is a sour soup popular in Eastern Europe and Northern Asia. It is served cold and typically made with red beetroots, which gives it a distinctive red color. \u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/86975/file/175292#t=1440.0,1470.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/86975/file/175292/annotation_set/991/annotation/150","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003ePassover [Hebrew\u003cem\u003e: Pesach\u003c/em\u003e] is the celebration of Israel’s liberation from Egyptian bondage. The holiday lasts for eight days. Unleavened bread, \u003cem\u003ematzo\u003c/em\u003e, is eaten in memory of the unleavened bread prepared by the Israelites during their hasty flight from Egypt, when they had not time to wait for the dough to rise. On the first two nights of Passover, the \u003cem\u003eseder\u003c/em\u003e, the central event of the holiday, is celebrated. \u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/86975/file/175292#t=1440.0,1470.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/86975/file/175292/annotation_set/991/annotation/151","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eKashrut is a set of dietary laws dealing with the foods that Jews are permitted to eat and how those foods must be prepared according to Jewish law. Food that may be consumed is deemed kosher, from the Ashkenazi pronunciation of the Hebrew term kashér, meaning \"fit\" (in this context, \"fit for consumption\"). According to kashrut, certain animals and poultry are slaughtered in a ritual method known as Shechita.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/86975/file/175292#t=1530.0,1560.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/86975/file/175292/annotation_set/991/annotation/152","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003ePiedmont Atlanta Hospital was founded in 1906 as the Piedmont Sanitarium, located in  a fifteen-room home at the corner of Capitol Avenue and Crumley Street in downtown Atlanta. In 1957, it moved to a 250-bed facility on Peachtree Road in Buckhead. Today, (2021) it has expanded into a 643-bed hospital in the same location.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/86975/file/175292#t=1560.0,1590.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/86975/file/175292/annotation_set/991/annotation/153","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eShabbat\u003c/em\u003e (Hebrew) or \u003cem\u003eShabbos\u003c/em\u003e (Yiddish) is the Jewish Sabbath and is observed on Saturdays. \u003cem\u003eShabbat\u003c/em\u003e observance entails refraining from work activities and engaging in restful activities to honor the day. \u003cem\u003eShabbat\u003c/em\u003e begins at sundown on Friday night and is ushered in by lighting candles and reciting a blessing. It is closed the following evening with the recitation of the \u003cem\u003ehavdalah\u003c/em\u003e blessing. According to Jewish laws, driving on the Sabbath or High Holy Days is not allowed. Orthodoxy generally prohibits driving altogether, but some Conservative congregations make exceptions for attending synagogue. \u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/86975/file/175292#t=1590.0,1620.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/86975/file/175292/annotation_set/991/annotation/154","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eA minyan refers to the quorum of ten Jewish adults required for certain religious obligation. While traditionally only males counted toward the quorum, in many non-Orthodox streams of Judaism adult females count in the minyan. A minyan is needed in Jewish communal prayer for certain components of the regular daily or Shabbat services, reading from the Torah and haftarah portions in synagogue, and saying Kaddish, among other things. \u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/86975/file/175292#t=1620.0,1650.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/86975/file/175292/annotation_set/991/annotation/155","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eAhavath Achim Synagogue was founded as an Orthodox congregation in 1887 in a small room on Gilmer Street. In 1901 they moved to a permanent building at the corner of Piedmont Avenue and Gilmer Street. In 1921, the congregation constructed a synagogue at Washington Street and Woodward Avenue. It joined the Conservative movement in 1952. The final service in the Washington Street building was held in 1958 to make way for construction of the Downtown Connector (the concurrent section of Interstate 75 and Interstate 85 through Atlanta). The synagogue moved to its current location on Peachtree Battle Avenue in 1958. As of 2021, Ahavath Achim is the largest Conservative synagogue in the Atlanta area and its current Senior Rabbi is Laurence Rosenthal.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/86975/file/175292#t=1650.0,1680.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/86975/file/175292/annotation_set/991/annotation/156","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eMinyanaires are a group of fathers and sons who regularly attended Sunday religious services at Ahavath Achim Synagogue in Atlanta, Georgia, but more generally refers to members of other synagogues who regularly comprise a minyan, a group of ten Jewish adults required for daily religious services.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/86975/file/175292#t=1680.0,1710.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/86975/file/175292/annotation_set/991/annotation/157","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eKol Nidre\u003c/em\u003e is an Aramaic declaration recited in the synagogue before the beginning of the evening service on every \u003cem\u003eYom Kippur\u003c/em\u003e. \u003cem\u003eYom Kippur \u003c/em\u003e[Hebrew: day of atonement] is the most sacred day of the Jewish year. \u003cem\u003eYom Kippur \u003c/em\u003eis a 25-hour fast day. Most of the day is spent in prayer, reciting \u003cem\u003eyizkor \u003c/em\u003efor deceased relatives, confessing sins, requesting divine forgiveness, and listening to Torah readings and sermons. People greet each other with the wish that they may be sealed in the heavenly book for a good year ahead. The day ends with the blowing of the \u003cem\u003eshofar \u003c/em\u003e(a ram’s horn). \u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/86975/file/175292#t=1710.0,1740.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/86975/file/175292/annotation_set/991/annotation/158","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe \u003cem\u003ebimah\u003c/em\u003e [Hebrew: platform] is a raised structure in the synagogue from which the \u003cem\u003eTorah\u003c/em\u003e is read and from which prayers are led. \u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/86975/file/175292#t=1740.0,1770.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/86975/file/175292/annotation_set/991/annotation/159","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe \u003cem\u003eAron Kodesh\u003c/em\u003e [Hebrew: Holy Ark; also sometimes called the “Ark” or the “Torah Ark”] is the holiest place in the synagogue and where the \u003cem\u003eTorah \u003c/em\u003escrolls are kept when not in use. The \u003cem\u003eAron Kodesh\u003c/em\u003e is situated in the front of the synagogue and is usually an ornate curtained-off cabinet or section of the synagogue built along the wall that most closely faced Jerusalem, the direction Jews face when praying. \u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/86975/file/175292#t=1740.0,1770.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/86975/file/175292/annotation_set/991/annotation/160","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eTorah \u003c/em\u003e[Hebrew: teaching] is a general term that covers all Jewish law including the vast mass of teachings recorded in the Talmud and other rabbinical works.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/86975/file/175292#t=1770.0,1800.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/86975/file/175292/annotation_set/991/annotation/161","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eCantor Isaac Goodfriend (1924-2009) served at Ahavath Achim in Atlanta from 1966 until his retirement in 1995 as Cantor Emeritus. Cantor Goodfriend was born into a Hassidic family in Poland. At the age of 16, he was interned in a German labor camp in Piotrkow, Poland. Escaping in 1944, he was hidden by a Polish farmer and was the only member of his family to survive the war. After the war, he attended the Berlin Conservatory of Music, McGill Conservatory of Music in Montreal, Conservatoire Provincial de Quebec, and later in Ohio at the Music School Settlement and Baldwin Wallace College. Before coming to Atlanta he served as cantor at Shaare Zion in Montreal, Canada in 1952, and later at Cleveland, Ohio’s Community Temple.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/86975/file/175292#t=1770.0,1800.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/86975/file/175292/annotation_set/991/annotation/162","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eAn \u003cem\u003ealiyah \u003c/em\u003eto the \u003cem\u003eTorah \u003c/em\u003eis the calling of a member of a Jewish congregation to the \u003cem\u003ebimah \u003c/em\u003efor a segment of \u003cem\u003eTorah \u003c/em\u003ereading. The person who receives the \u003cem\u003ealiyah \u003c/em\u003egoes up to the \u003cem\u003ebimah \u003c/em\u003ebefore the reading and recites a blessing for reading of the \u003cem\u003eTorah\u003c/em\u003e. After the portion of the \u003cem\u003eTorah \u003c/em\u003eis read, the recipient then recites another blessing. \u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/86975/file/175292#t=1800.0,1830.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/86975/file/175292/annotation_set/991/annotation/163","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eOrthodox Judaism is a traditional branch of Judaism that strictly follows the written Torah and the oral law concerning prayer, dress, food, sex, family relations, social behavior, the Sabbath day, holidays, and more.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/86975/file/175292#t=1830.0,1860.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/86975/file/175292/annotation_set/991/annotation/164","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eBeth Jacob is an Orthodox synagogue on LaVista Road in Atlanta founded in 1942 by former members of Ahavath Achim who were looking for a more Orthodox congregation. Beth Jacob is now Atlanta’s largest Orthodox congregation. The congregation first met in a rented grocery store on Parkway Drive. It moved to a permanent location on Boulevard when it purchased and renovated a two-story apartment building. In 1956, it converted the Tabernacle Baptist Church on Boulevard to a synagogue. It built its current synagogue building on a five-acre lot on LaVista Road in 1961. Rabbi Joseph Safra was the congregation’s first permanent rabbi in 1951, followed by Rabbi Emanuel Feldman from 1952 to 1991. Rabbi Ilan Feldman has been the congregation’s rabbi since his father Emanuel’s retirement in 1991.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/86975/file/175292#t=1830.0,1860.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/86975/file/175292/annotation_set/991/annotation/165","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eEva was the first recipient of the Goodfriend Award recognizing her outstanding volunteerism by Ahavath Achim Synagogue.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/86975/file/175292#t=1920.0,1950.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/86975/file/175292/annotation_set/991/annotation/166","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eRabbi Harry Hyman Epstein (1903-2003) served as rabbi of Ahavath Achim Synagogue in Atlanta, Georgia from 1928 to 1982, when he became rabbi emeritus. Under Rabbi Epstein, the formerly Orthodox congregation began to shift to Conservative Judaism, and officially joined the United Synagogue of America (now the United Synagogue of Conservative Judaism), in 1952.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/86975/file/175292#t=1950.0,1980.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/86975/file/175292/annotation_set/991/annotation/167","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eRabbi Arnold M. Goodman served as senior rabbi of Ahavath Achim in Atlanta, Georgia from 1982 to 2002. He came to Atlanta from Minnesota where he had served as rabbi of Adath Jeshurun in Minnetonka since 1966. He currently serves as its senior rabbinic scholar. Upon his retirement, the synagogue honored them by designating its adult education program as Beit Aharon: The Rabbi Arnold and Rae Goodman Learning Institute for Adult Studies.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/86975/file/175292#t=1950.0,1980.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/86975/file/175292/annotation_set/991/annotation/168","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eMS \u003cem\u003eSobieski \u003c/em\u003ewas a Polish passenger ship for the Gdynia America Line and launched in 1939. The ship was used as an Allied troopship during World War II. Between 1947 and 1950, it was again used as a Polish passenger ship. It was sold to Russia in 1950 and renamed Gruziya. It was scrapped in 1975. Eva and Simon departed on the Sobieski from Cannes, France on November 22, 1947. They arrived in New York City at Ellis Island on December 3, 1947. \u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/86975/file/175292#t=2460.0,2490.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/86975/file/175292/annotation_set/991/annotation/169","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eEvelyn Chava Iteld (1924-2005) was the daughter of Harry and Guta Iteld. In 1942, she married Lewis Silverboard (1915-2016), the son of Russian immigrants who had immigrated to the United States from Scotland in 1922. By the time Eva and Shloem immigrated to the United States, the Silverboards were living at 531 Wabash Avenue NE in Atlanta. \u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/86975/file/175292#t=2550.0,2580.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/86975/file/175292/annotation_set/991/annotation/170","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eWabash Avenue is a street in Atlanta’s Old Fourth Ward neighborhood, just east of downtown.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/86975/file/175292#t=2790.0,2820.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/86975/file/175292/annotation_set/991/annotation/171","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eRich's was a department store retail chain, headquartered in Atlanta, Georgia, which operated in the southern U.S. from 1867 until March 6, 2005 when the nameplate was eliminated and replaced by Macy's. It was founded by Hungarian Jewish immigrant Morris Rich (born Mauritius Reich) in Atlanta in 1867 as \"M. Rich \u0026amp; Co. Dry Goods\" Many of the former Rich's stores today form the core of Macy's Central, an Atlanta-based division of Macy's, Inc., which formerly operated as Federated Department Stores, Inc.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/86975/file/175292#t=2880.0,2910.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/86975/file/175292/annotation_set/991/annotation/172","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eRandolph Street and Houston Street (now John Wesley Dobbs Avenue) are in the Old Fourth Ward neighborhood, just east of downtown Atlanta, Georgia. According to city directories, the Iteld’s grocery store was at 190 Randolph Street, directly across from David T. Howard High School, and just a third of a mile south of the house on Wabash Avenue. The address no longer exists. Today (2022) there is a condominium complex located where the grocery store was.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/86975/file/175292#t=2970.0,3000.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/86975/file/175292/annotation_set/991/annotation/173","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eEva and Simon bought a home in the Morningside/Lenox Park neighborhood in Atlanta, Georgia, which was founded in 1923. It is located north of Virginia-Highland, east of Ansley Park and west of Druid Hills. Approximately 3,500 households comprise the neighborhood that includes the original subdivisions of Morningside, Lenox Park, University Park, Noble Park, Johnson Estates and Hylan Park. After World War II, residents of heavily Jewish Washington-Rawson and Summerhill neighborhoods south of the State Capitol relocated to northeast Atlanta including Morningside when those old Jewish neighborhoods were demolished to make way for the Downtown Connector freeway and Turner Field.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/86975/file/175292#t=3090.0,3120.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/86975/file/175292/annotation_set/991/annotation/174","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eKiddush [Hebrew: sanctification] is a blessing recited over wine or grape juice to sanctify the Sabbath and Jewish holidays. In many synagogues congregants gather for Kiddush reception after the Friday night or Saturday morning service to recite the blessing over wine or grape juice and have something to eat.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/86975/file/175292#t=3150.0,3180.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/86975/file/175292/annotation_set/991/annotation/175","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eAMIT (known as Mizrachi Women until 1983) is a Zionist organization that raises funds for Israel’s religious technological secondary education. The organization also raises funds for all the major Israel campaigns and is a member of both the World Zionist Organization and the Conference of Presidents of Major American Jewish Organizations. \u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/86975/file/175292#t=3300.0,3330.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/86975/file/175292/annotation_set/991/annotation/176","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eNa’amat had its origins in 1925 with the formation of the Women’s Organization for the Pioneer Women of Palestine, commonly referred to as “Pioneer Women.” Na’amat is the largest Jewish women’s organization in the world, counting more than 300,000 members in Israel and 9 sister organizations worldwide. It operates approximately 250 day care centers in Israel and provides funding for technological and agricultural high schools, a women’s shelter, legal aid bureaus, educational scholarships, women’s rights centers and women’s health centers. It is also a powerful voice in advocating for equal rights, religious freedom and world peace. During the 1930’s Pioneer Women changed its name to Na’amat, an acronym for Nashim Ovdot U'Mitnadvot (Hebrew: Working and Volunteering Women.). Na’amat is affiliated with the Labour Zionist Movement in Israel and the World Labor Zionist Movement.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/86975/file/175292#t=3300.0,3330.0"}]},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/86975/file/175292/index/52663","type":"AnnotationPage","label":{"en":["Iteld, Eva [Index]"]},"items":[{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/86975/file/175292/index/52663/annotation/177","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Background Information, Family History, and the Beginning of World War II","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Title"]}}],"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/86975/file/175292#t=24.0,437.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/86975/file/175292/index/52663/annotation/178","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"What is your maiden name?","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Partial Transcript"]}}],"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/86975/file/175292#t=24.0,437.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/86975/file/175292/index/52663/annotation/179","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Adolf Hitler","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Almaty, Uzbekistan","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Bessarbia, Moldova","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Eva Iteld","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Josef Kaushanskaia","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Kishenev, Moldova","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Lenger, Kazakhstan","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Moldovia","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Odessa, Ukraine","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Rahel Kaushanskaia","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Russia","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Russian Occupation","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Shymkent, Kazakhstan","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Tashkent, Uzbekistan","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}}],"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/86975/file/175292#t=24.0,437.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/86975/file/175292/index/52663/annotation/180","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Life During World War II","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Title"]}}],"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/86975/file/175292#t=437.0,929.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/86975/file/175292/index/52663/annotation/181","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"You said you suffered a lot in those days. Could you tell us a little what your life was like?","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Partial Transcript"]}}],"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/86975/file/175292#t=437.0,929.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/86975/file/175292/index/52663/annotation/182","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Jewish Life","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Lenger, Kazakhstan","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Russia","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"War Garden","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"World War II","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}}],"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/86975/file/175292#t=437.0,929.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/86975/file/175292/index/52663/annotation/183","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Meeting Her Husband and Getting Married","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Title"]}}],"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/86975/file/175292#t=929.0,1108.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/86975/file/175292/index/52663/annotation/184","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"In the meantime, right after the war, I got married. I met my husband and got married.","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Partial Transcript"]}}],"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/86975/file/175292#t=929.0,1108.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/86975/file/175292/index/52663/annotation/185","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Black Market","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Lodz, Poland","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Poland","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Shloem 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America","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}}],"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/86975/file/175292#t=1108.0,1389.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/86975/file/175292/index/52663/annotation/189","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Religion in Her Family and Going to Synagogue\n","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Title"]}}],"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/86975/file/175292#t=1389.0,1916.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/86975/file/175292/index/52663/annotation/190","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"How religious was your family?","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Partial Transcript"]}}],"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/86975/file/175292#t=1389.0,1916.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/86975/file/175292/index/52663/annotation/191","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Ahavath Achim Synagogue","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Aron Kodesk","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Cantor Isaac Goodfriend","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Congregation Beth Jacob","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Holy Ark","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Kishinev, Moldova","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Kol Nidre","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Kosher","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Minyan","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Piedmont Atlanta Hospital","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Shabbat","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Synagogue","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Women in Synagogue","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Yom Kippur","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}}],"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/86975/file/175292#t=1389.0,1916.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/86975/file/175292/index/52663/annotation/192","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Receiving the Goodfriend Award","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Title"]}}],"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/86975/file/175292#t=1916.0,1982.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/86975/file/175292/index/52663/annotation/193","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I know that you received a big award.","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Partial Transcript"]}}],"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/86975/file/175292#t=1916.0,1982.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/86975/file/175292/index/52663/annotation/194","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Goodfriend Award","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Rabbi Arnold Goodman","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Rabbi Harry Epstein","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}}],"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/86975/file/175292#t=1916.0,1982.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/86975/file/175292/index/52663/annotation/195","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Journey to Immigrating to 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