{"@context":"http://iiif.io/api/presentation/3/context.json","id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/iiif/8c9r20tt7x/manifest","type":"Manifest","label":{"en":["Goldstein, Jake"]},"logo":"https://d9jk7wjtjpu5g.cloudfront.net/organizations/logo_images/000/000/082/original/TheBreman_SecondaryMark_Horizontal_Blue_Black.png?1713640889","metadata":[{"label":{"en":["Date"]},"value":{"en":["2010-03-09 (captured)"]}},{"label":{"en":["Agent"]},"value":{"en":["Goldstein, Jake (Interviewee)","Berman, Sandra (Interviewer)"]}},{"label":{"en":["Source"]},"value":{"en":["William Breman Jewish Heritage Museum","Esther and Herbert Taylor Oral History Collection","Jewish Oral History Project of Atlanta Georgia Jews"]}},{"label":{"en":["Description"]},"value":{"en":["\u003cp\u003eJake Goldstein was interviewed by Sandra Berman on March 9, 2010, in Milledgeville, Georgia. \u003c/p\u003e (general)","\u003cp\u003eJacob “Jake” Goldstein was born in Milledgeville, Georgia, in 1923 to Celia and Abe Goldstein. He attended Georgia Military High School and Georgia Military Junior College. He graduated from the University of Georgia with a BBA degree. While attending the University of Georgia, he met his wife, Maxine Shapiro. They married in 1947 and had two children, Marcia and Harriet.\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\u003cp\u003e \u003c/p\u003e\r\n\u003cp\u003eDuring World War II, he served in Panama and Europe, joining Patton’s Third Army, with a final rank of Captain. He served for four years, receiving two Bronze Stars and the Combat Infantry Badge. He returned to Milledgeville and began working at C. Goldstein and Sons, a department store and wholesale business started by his father. Jake worked in the store for more than 60 years, serving as president. \u003c/p\u003e\r\n\u003cp\u003e \u003c/p\u003e\r\n\u003cp\u003eJake was co-founder and member of the Board of First Federal Savings and Loan of Milledgeville and later became chairman of the BB\u0026amp;T Bank Board. He was a board member of Temple Beth Israel in Macon, a former chairman of the Merchants’ Committee for the Chamber of Commerce, a past member of the Planning and Zoning Commission, a past president of the Milledgeville Kiwanis Club, and a past Lt. Governor of Kiwanis Club International. Additionally, he was a member of the Anti-Defamation League Board and an advisor to the Georgia Commission on the Holocaust. \u003c/p\u003e\r\n\u003cp\u003e \u003c/p\u003e\r\n\u003cp\u003eIn honor of his daughter Harriet, who passed away from cancer in 1998, he co-founded Harriet’s Closet with his wife. He continued to be very involved with Georgia Military College. Jake and Maxine were recognized in 2005 for their legacy gift with the naming of the Goldstein Center for the Performing Arts. Jake passed away in 2013 and is buried at West View Cemetery in Milledgeville, Georgia.\u003c/p\u003e (bioghist)","\u003cp\u003eThe interview focuses on Jake’s upbringing and career in Milledgeville, Georgia, as well as his military service. He talks about how his father was a peddler who started in Atlanta, then moved to Macon, and finally settled in Milledgeville; eventually opening the family store C. Goldstein \u0026amp; Sons. \u003c/p\u003e\r\n\u003cp\u003e \u003c/p\u003e\r\n\u003cp\u003eJake reminisces about spending time in Atlanta, where he spent his summers attending Hebrew school. He mentions his family keeping kosher. He reflects upon growing up Jewish in a predominantly Christian area, and reflects on race relations and antisemitism in the South. He discusses his family, Judaism, and his relationships, friendships, and interactions with the customers and people of his community while running a popular department store and wholesale business.\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\u003cp\u003e \u003c/p\u003e\r\n\u003cp\u003eJake recalls an incident of antisemitism at his school and his reaction to it. He discusses attending Georgia Military College (GMC) and the University of Georgia (UGA). He recounts his time in the military, being deployed to Panama, and his tour of duty in Europe. He reflects on liberating a labor camp. He shares some local history of Milledgeville. He mentions it's changing industries and successful transitions economically. He notes historical families and people of importance in Milledgeville.\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\u003cp\u003e \u003c/p\u003e\r\n\u003cp\u003eJake describes returning to Europe to present his grandson with his personal Captains’ bars. He talks about visiting a labor camp and shares the memories that it brought up. He also discusses the end of the war, including gaining possession of Hermann Göring’s jacket. He shares his thoughts on the atomic bomb. He talks about returning home and adjusting to civilian life.\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\u003cp\u003e \u003c/p\u003e\r\n\u003cp\u003eJake shares how he met his wife while at the University of Georgia and returned to Milledgeville to help run the family business after they married. He talks about his parents and children. He expresses his love for running the family business and the friends he made in the community. He talks about his involvement with the Kiwanis Club and honoring his daughter with the founding of Harriet’s Closet.\u003c/p\u003e (scope content)"]}},{"label":{"en":["Rights Statement"]},"value":{"en":["\u003cp\u003eAll rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, recorded by any information storage and retrieval system, without the express written consent of the William Breman Jewish Heritage Museum.\u003c/p\u003e"]}},{"label":{"en":["Subject"]},"value":{"en":["Brown, Joseph Emerson (1821-1894) (personal name)","Frank, Leo Max (1884-1915) (personal name)","Frank, Lucille Selig (1888-1957) (personal name)","Goldstein, Abe (1891-1974) (personal name)","Goldstein, Celia (1888-1974) (personal name)","Goldstein, Israel “Sonny” (1919-2001) (personal name)","Goldstein, Jake (1923-2013) (personal name)","Goldstein, Maxine Shapiro (b. 1926) (personal name)","Goering [German: Göring], Hermann (1893-1946) (personal name)","Goldstein, Jake (1923-2013) (personal name)","Greenhut, Harriet Goldstein  (1954-1998) (personal name)","Gusterman, Temie (1870-1943) (personal name)","Hitler, Adolf (1889-1945) (personal name)","Patton, General George S. (personal name)","Stevens, J.P. (1868-1929) (personal name)","Stone, Mary Goldstein (1914-1987) (personal name)","Vinson, Carl (1883-1981) (personal name)","Wyman, General Willard Gordon (1898-1969) (personal name)","Ahavath Achim Synagogue (corporate name)","American Red Cross (corporate name)","Central State Hospital (corporate name)","Columbia University (corporate name)","Georgia College and State University (corporate name)","Georgia Military College (corporate name)","Goldstein's (corporate name)","Hadassah (corporate name)","J.P. Stevens (corporate name)","Kiwanis International (corporate name)","Meals on Wheels (corporate name)","New York Times (corporate name)","Rheem Manufacturing (corporate name)","Strauss Stores (corporate name)","Tau Epsilon Phi (corporate name)","University of Georgia (corporate name)","William Breman Jewish Heritage Museum (corporate name)","Akron, Ohio (geographic term)","Anniston, Alabama (geographic term)","Atlanta, Georgia (geographic term)","Augsburg, Germany (geographic term)","Augusta, Georgia (geographic term)","Austria (geographic term)","Baldwin County (geographic term)","Baltimore, Maryland (geographic term)","Decatur, Georgia (geographic term)","Macon, Georgia (geographic term)","Marietta, Georgia (geographic term)","Milledgeville, Georgia (geographic term)","Panama (geographic term)","Poland (geographic term)","Rhine River (geographic term)","Russia (geographic term)","Steyr, Austria (geographic term)","Wels, Austria (geographic term)","American Civil War (named event)","Battle of the Bulge (named event)","Battle of Midway (named event)","The Great Depression (named event)","The Holocaust (named event)","Pearl Harbor (named event)","World War II (named event)","Atomic bomb (other)","Antisemitism (other)","Bar mitzvah (other)","Camp Gordon (other)","Camp Kilmer (other)","Camp Wheeler (other)","Confederate States of America (other)","Fort McClellan (other)","Gunskirchen concentration camp (other)","Harriet's Closet (other)","Hebrew school (other)","Integration (other)","Jim Crow Laws (other)","Kosher (other)","Rosh Hashanah (other)","Third United States Army (other)","Yom Kippur (other)"]}}],"summary":{"en":["\u003cp\u003eJake Goldstein was interviewed by Sandra Berman on March 9, 2010, in Milledgeville, Georgia.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eJacob \u0026ldquo;Jake\u0026rdquo; Goldstein was born in Milledgeville, Georgia, in 1923 to Celia and Abe Goldstein. He attended Georgia Military High School and Georgia Military Junior College. He graduated from the University of Georgia with a BBA degree. While attending the University of Georgia, he met his wife, Maxine Shapiro. They married in 1947 and had two children, Marcia and Harriet.\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\u003cp\u003eDuring World War II, he served in Panama and Europe, joining Patton\u0026rsquo;s Third Army, with a final rank of Captain. He served for four years, receiving two Bronze Stars and the Combat Infantry Badge. He returned to Milledgeville and began working at C. Goldstein and Sons, a department store and wholesale business started by his father. Jake worked in the store for more than 60 years, serving as president.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\u003cp\u003eJake was co-founder and member of the Board of First Federal Savings and Loan of Milledgeville and later became chairman of the BB\u0026amp;T Bank Board. He was a board member of Temple Beth Israel in Macon, a former chairman of the Merchants\u0026rsquo; Committee for the Chamber of Commerce, a past member of the Planning and Zoning Commission, a past president of the Milledgeville Kiwanis Club, and a past Lt. Governor of Kiwanis Club International. Additionally, he was a member of the Anti-Defamation League Board and an advisor to the Georgia Commission on the Holocaust.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\u003cp\u003eIn honor of his daughter Harriet, who passed away from cancer in 1998, he co-founded Harriet\u0026rsquo;s Closet with his wife. He continued to be very involved with Georgia Military College. Jake and Maxine were recognized in 2005 for their legacy gift with the naming of the Goldstein Center for the Performing Arts. Jake\u0026nbsp;passed away in 2013 and is buried at West View Cemetery in Milledgeville, Georgia.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe interview focuses on Jake\u0026rsquo;s upbringing and career in Milledgeville, Georgia, as well as his military service. He talks about how his father was a peddler who started in Atlanta, then moved to Macon, and finally settled in Milledgeville; eventually opening the family store C. Goldstein \u0026amp; Sons.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\u003cp\u003eJake reminisces about spending time in Atlanta, where he spent his summers attending Hebrew school. He mentions his family keeping kosher. He reflects upon growing up Jewish in a predominantly Christian area, and reflects on race relations and antisemitism in the South. He discusses his family, Judaism, and his relationships, friendships, and interactions with the customers and people of his community while running a popular department store and wholesale business.\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\u003cp\u003eJake recalls an incident of antisemitism at his school and his reaction to it. He discusses attending Georgia Military College (GMC) and the University of Georgia (UGA). He recounts his time in the military, being deployed to Panama, and his tour of duty in Europe. He reflects on liberating a labor camp. He shares some local history of Milledgeville. He mentions it's changing industries and successful transitions economically. He notes historical families and people of importance in Milledgeville.\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\u003cp\u003eJake describes returning to Europe to present his grandson with his personal Captains\u0026rsquo; bars. He talks about visiting a labor camp and shares the memories that it brought up. He also discusses the end of the war, including gaining possession of Hermann G\u0026ouml;ring\u0026rsquo;s jacket. He shares his thoughts on the atomic bomb. He talks about returning home and adjusting to civilian life.\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\u003cp\u003eJake shares how he met his wife while at the University of Georgia and returned to Milledgeville to help run the family business after they married. He talks about his parents and children. He expresses his love for running the family business and the friends he made in the community. He talks about his involvement with the Kiwanis Club and honoring his daughter with the founding of Harriet\u0026rsquo;s Closet.\u003c/p\u003e"]},"requiredStatement":{"label":{"en":["Attribution"]},"value":{"en":["\u003cp\u003eAll rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, recorded by any information storage and retrieval system, without the express written consent of the William Breman Jewish Heritage Museum.\u003c/p\u003e"]}},"provider":[{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/aboutus","type":"Agent","label":{"en":["William Breman Jewish Heritage Museum"]},"homepage":[{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/","type":"Text","label":{"en":["William Breman Jewish Heritage Museum"]},"format":"text/html"}],"logo":[{"id":"https://d9jk7wjtjpu5g.cloudfront.net/organizations/logo_images/000/000/082/original/TheBreman_SecondaryMark_Horizontal_Blue_Black.png?1713640889","type":"Image"}]}],"thumbnail":[{"id":"https://d9jk7wjtjpu5g.cloudfront.net/collection_resource_files/thumbnails/000/308/916/small/Goldstein_Jake.m4v_1778019072.jpg?1778019073","type":"Image","format":"image/jpeg"}],"items":[{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/170048/file/308916","type":"Canvas","label":{"en":["Media File 1 of 1 - Goldstein_Jake.m4v"]},"duration":4460.5561,"width":640,"height":360,"thumbnail":[{"id":"https://d9jk7wjtjpu5g.cloudfront.net/collection_resource_files/thumbnails/000/308/916/small/Goldstein_Jake.m4v_1778019072.jpg?1778019073","type":"Image","format":"image/jpeg"}],"items":[{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/170048/file/308916/content/1","type":"AnnotationPage","items":[{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/170048/file/308916/content/1/annotation/1","type":"Annotation","motivation":"painting","body":{"id":"https://aviary-p-thebreman.s3.wasabisys.com/collection_resource_files/resource_files/000/308/916/original/Goldstein_Jake.m4v?1778019068","type":"Video","format":"video/mp4","duration":4460.5561,"width":640,"height":360},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/170048/file/308916","metadata":[]}]}],"annotations":[{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/170048/file/308916/transcript/93533","type":"AnnotationPage","label":{"en":["Goldstein, Jake [Transcript]"]},"items":[{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/170048/file/308916/transcript/93533/annotation/1","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eBERMAN:\u003c/strong\u003e It's March 9th, 2010, and I am with Jake Goldstein in Milledgeville, Georgia. He has agreed to participate in the Esther and Herbert Taylor Oral History Project of the William Breman Jewish Heritage Museum. I'd like to thank you for agreeing to do this. I'd like to begin by really going back in time and asking you to talk a little bit about how your family, your parents, or how you got to Milledgeville.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/170048/file/308916#t=0.0,25.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/170048/file/308916/transcript/93533/annotation/2","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eGOLDSTEIN:\u003c/strong\u003e That's very interesting how my father got to Milledgeville. My father knew my mother in Europe.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/170048/file/308916#t=25.0,35.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/170048/file/308916/transcript/93533/annotation/3","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eBERMAN:\u003c/strong\u003e If you could say their names.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/170048/file/308916#t=35.0,37.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/170048/file/308916/transcript/93533/annotation/4","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eGOLDSTEIN:\u003c/strong\u003e My mother was Celia Goldstein before she married and Abe Goldstein. They knew each other in Poland or Russia, whichever it might be at that point in time. My mother came over first. My father came over months later and worked in Baltimore [Maryland] long enough to make enough money to come to Atlanta [Georgia], where my mother was. Like most Jewish immigrants, he was a peddler, and he was peddling around Atlanta like the rest of them. Before your time, Price Street, in Atlanta, was a wholesale district. On Sunday, the peddlers would go down to Price Street to buy their goods to go out Monday. One peddler was buying more goods than the rest of them. My father asked the owner \"Where does he pedal?\" He says, \"Down around Milledgeville, Georgia.\" Monday morning, my father was on the train going to Milledgeville. Didn't have the slightest idea where it was, but he figured if that fellow could make it in Milledgeville, he could, too. He came to Milledgeville and was peddling, but there was no shul here. He settled in Macon [Georgia] because there was a synagogue. His business picked up in Milledgeville and he moved there. My sister, may she rest in peace, was born in Macon. My brother and I were born in Milledgeville.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/170048/file/308916#t=37.0,132.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/170048/file/308916/transcript/93533/annotation/5","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eBERMAN:\u003c/strong\u003e What year are we talking about?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/170048/file/308916#t=132.0,134.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/170048/file/308916/transcript/93533/annotation/6","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eGOLDSTEIN:\u003c/strong\u003e Early 1900's. I'm not quite sure of the year.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/170048/file/308916#t=134.0,138.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/170048/file/308916/transcript/93533/annotation/7","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eBERMAN:\u003c/strong\u003e Was he already married when he came to Milledgeville?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/170048/file/308916#t=138.0,141.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/170048/file/308916/transcript/93533/annotation/8","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eGOLDSTEIN:\u003c/strong\u003e When he came to Milledgeville, yes. I hope so. I'd say.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/170048/file/308916#t=141.0,144.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/170048/file/308916/transcript/93533/annotation/9","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eBERMAN:\u003c/strong\u003e Right, because Macon . . .","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/170048/file/308916#t=144.0,145.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/170048/file/308916/transcript/93533/annotation/10","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eGOLDSTEIN:\u003c/strong\u003e Yes, I hope so, they were.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/170048/file/308916#t=145.0,146.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/170048/file/308916/transcript/93533/annotation/11","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eBERMAN:\u003c/strong\u003e They were married when they went to Macon.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/170048/file/308916#t=146.0,149.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/170048/file/308916/transcript/93533/annotation/12","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eGOLDSTEIN:\u003c/strong\u003e Right.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/170048/file/308916#t=149.0,151.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/170048/file/308916/transcript/93533/annotation/13","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eBERMAN:\u003c/strong\u003e How long was he peddling?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/170048/file/308916#t=151.0,155.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/170048/file/308916/transcript/93533/annotation/14","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eGOLDSTEIN:\u003c/strong\u003e He peddled for a year or so, house to house, with a suitcase in each hand. Then he bought a buggy. After a buggy for about a year he bought a car. After a few years with a car, he opened a little store, the store got larger. After the war, when my brother and I joined him, we, I guess, doubled or tripled the size of the store. Put in additional items like furniture, building material, and appliances. We had a very nice department store. All came from his hard work carrying two suitcases house to house.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/170048/file/308916#t=155.0,197.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/170048/file/308916/transcript/93533/annotation/15","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eBERMAN:\u003c/strong\u003e What was the name of the store?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/170048/file/308916#t=197.0,199.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/170048/file/308916/transcript/93533/annotation/16","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eGOLDSTEIN:\u003c/strong\u003e It was a very original name, Goldstein's.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/170048/file/308916#t=199.0,206.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/170048/file/308916/transcript/93533/annotation/17","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eBERMAN:\u003c/strong\u003e Did it start out with a certain kind of product?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/170048/file/308916#t=206.0,211.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/170048/file/308916/transcript/93533/annotation/18","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eGOLDSTEIN:\u003c/strong\u003e Back when he started peddling, he told me that little pieces of fabric, like four-yard cuts, were very popular in the countryside because there's a lot of sewing. He carried little things like that, thread, needles, fabric, and little things for home. The interesting thing that is very popular; have you ever seen the comb that's got a handle on it? He said that was one of his best items and he liked to open the accounts with that. It didn't cost him but a quarter, and they sold everywhere for a dollar. He would open an account with that, and if they paid him when he came back another week later, then he would try to sell them something else. Early credit report.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/170048/file/308916#t=211.0,264.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/170048/file/308916/transcript/93533/annotation/19","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eBERMAN:\u003c/strong\u003e Did he speak much about those years, those peddling years, and what he thought of . . . ? Did he describe what life was like in Milledgeville and Macon at that time?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/170048/file/308916#t=264.0,279.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/170048/file/308916/transcript/93533/annotation/20","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eGOLDSTEIN:\u003c/strong\u003e My father was a very, very congenial fellow. He made friends very easily. In fact, in those days, he didn't have any money. He got married when he had $3 in his pocket, $3. To peddle, you were supposed to have a license. He couldn't afford the license in the different little places. The city clerk befriended him and told him, \"Mr. Goldstein don't sell anything, take orders and next week deliver it, and that way you don't have to have a license. That's the way he got started. To answer your question, people were nice to him. He was well-accepted. In fact, when the Leo Frank incident occurred, the Jewish population was frightened, extremely frightened. He had friends come to him and say \"Abe, don't you leave town, nobody's going to bother you,\" and they didn't.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/170048/file/308916#t=279.0,350.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/170048/file/308916/transcript/93533/annotation/21","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eBERMAN:\u003c/strong\u003e Did he ever talk about what happened at the prison?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/170048/file/308916#t=350.0,355.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/170048/file/308916/transcript/93533/annotation/22","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eGOLDSTEIN:\u003c/strong\u003e Yes, he was terribly upset over it, not from being frightened, but the fact that it happened. He was extremely disappointed how the prison obviously cooperated and that upset him. I cannot tell you who the superintendent or the warden was then, but right afterwards it was a gentleman by the name of . . . Dunaway. My father got to be extremely good friends with, and he would contact them if there were any Jewish prisoners that wanted any kosher food or anything like that. He would go out and see them. The prison got to being Jewish friendly, but I don't know who the warden was when Leo Frank was there.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/170048/file/308916#t=355.0,410.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/170048/file/308916/transcript/93533/annotation/23","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eBERMAN:\u003c/strong\u003e Did he know Lucille? She came so often. Did he ever speak of her? Lucille Frank?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/170048/file/308916#t=410.0,415.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/170048/file/308916/transcript/93533/annotation/24","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eGOLDSTEIN:\u003c/strong\u003e Mrs. Frank? I don't know if he knew her or not. He never talked about Mrs. Frank.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/170048/file/308916#t=415.0,429.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/170048/file/308916/transcript/93533/annotation/25","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eBERMAN:\u003c/strong\u003e Did he ever speak of coming to the Deep South and coming from Poland about the situation between the blacks and the whites, the Jim Crow laws? Did he ever talk about that at all?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/170048/file/308916#t=429.0,447.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/170048/file/308916/transcript/93533/annotation/26","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eGOLDSTEIN:\u003c/strong\u003e Yes. If my father had had his way there would have been no Jim Crow laws. We had friends that were black. Some of our best customers were black. We were in business for many decades and when we closed, we were selling [to the] grandchildren of customers my father started selling, black and white. The Southern philosophy was not his philosophy, and he didn't like it. Wasn't much he could do about it other than in his own business to treat people equal. That he did and that he taught us.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/170048/file/308916#t=447.0,492.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/170048/file/308916/transcript/93533/annotation/27","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eBERMAN:\u003c/strong\u003e Were there any problems treating people equally, like with the dressing rooms or using the restrooms?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/170048/file/308916#t=492.0,500.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/170048/file/308916/transcript/93533/annotation/28","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eGOLDSTEIN:\u003c/strong\u003e Yes, there were. Now, the dressing rooms wasn't a problem. The restrooms was a slight problem, not with the public, but with our employees. We just said we had no public restrooms. That's the only way we could handle it.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/170048/file/308916#t=500.0,523.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/170048/file/308916/transcript/93533/annotation/29","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eBERMAN:\u003c/strong\u003e Understandable. Now we're going to get a little bit ahead. When did you come on the scene?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/170048/file/308916#t=523.0,530.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/170048/file/308916/transcript/93533/annotation/30","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eGOLDSTEIN:\u003c/strong\u003e I was born in 1923. As you said, the day is March the 9th. This past January the 27th, I was 87 years old.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/170048/file/308916#t=530.0,545.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/170048/file/308916/transcript/93533/annotation/31","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eBERMAN:\u003c/strong\u003e You look great, I would never have guessed.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/170048/file/308916#t=545.0,547.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/170048/file/308916/transcript/93533/annotation/32","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eGOLDSTEIN:\u003c/strong\u003e For the shape I'm in.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/170048/file/308916#t=547.0,549.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/170048/file/308916/transcript/93533/annotation/33","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eBERMAN:\u003c/strong\u003e I would never have guessed. What was it like growing up in Milledgeville? Can you describe your childhood?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/170048/file/308916#t=549.0,555.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/170048/file/308916/transcript/93533/annotation/34","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eGOLDSTEIN:\u003c/strong\u003e That's interesting. I had a friend who was to the right of a redneck, but we were good friends. He never thought of me being Jewish and I never thought him being a redneck. He had a big farm. He worked a lot of black people, and treated them well, but it was separate and equal to him. I never had a problem in school, except on one occasion. I thought I was going to get kicked out of school. Do you want to know about that? The boy's name was Paul Volgenutz from Akron, Ohio. It was a military school, and we were cleaning rifles. When you do that, you have your rifle in a kind of a bracing. You were with a ramrod cleaning the barrel, and that's what I was doing. That's what he was doing. Early Hitler, he says to the fellow that was on the other side of him, “I hope Hitler kills all them damn Jews.\" I didn't sit down to think about it. Really, if I'd have thought about it, I wouldn't have done what I did. I didn't do what was right, but this is what I did; I picked up my rifle by the barrel, swung it as hard as I could, and hit him in the head. He ended up in the hospital. I thought he was going to die. The commandant of the school sent for me. I thought I was fixing to get kicked out of school. He told me, he said, \"Jake, you know you're in serious trouble. Paul is in the hospital, and we don't know his condition. He's unconscious.\" I said, \"Colonel, I did it. That's all I can say.\" He said, \"What happened?\" I told him what I just told you. He said \"Jake, go on home and forget about it.\" That was the end of it. Two days later, three days later, I'm not sure, the boy was out of the hospital, and I don't know whether they kicked him out of school or he got out of school, but he was no longer in school.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/170048/file/308916#t=555.0,701.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/170048/file/308916/transcript/93533/annotation/35","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eBERMAN:\u003c/strong\u003e What was the name of the school?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/170048/file/308916#t=701.0,702.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/170048/file/308916/transcript/93533/annotation/36","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eGOLDSTEIN:\u003c/strong\u003e Georgia Military College. Still there, great school. I wish there were more Georgia Military Colleges.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/170048/file/308916#t=702.0,710.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/170048/file/308916/transcript/93533/annotation/37","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eBERMAN:\u003c/strong\u003e Why did your parents decide to send you there?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/170048/file/308916#t=710.0,714.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/170048/file/308916/transcript/93533/annotation/38","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eGOLDSTEIN:\u003c/strong\u003e Wasn't a tough decision back then. We didn't have a lot of choices. That was where most people went in the city. There was another school out a ways, but I didn't live a block and a half from that school. I am so thankful I went there. It probably saved my life. I got a commission from Georgia Military College, went in to army at the very, very young age of a little over 18 years old, as a second lieutenant, on account of Georgia Military College. Joined the outfit in Panama in 1942 and stayed with them until the war was over. The same outfit, not many people were fortunate enough to do that. They rushed us down to [Panama] because the Japanese, we thought, was going to try to take the canal. The Battle of Midway ended that problem. We came back to the states, a whole outfit. They sent out every enlisted man we had as replacements to Europe, which makes sense after being jungle trained. We got new recruits. We trained them, then we went to Europe, part of Patton's Third Army.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/170048/file/308916#t=714.0,795.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/170048/file/308916/transcript/93533/annotation/39","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eBERMAN:\u003c/strong\u003e I want to get to that in just a minute because I have a lot of questions about your wartime experiences, but I wanted to go back a little bit more to your growing up. Did you ever feel isolated that there were not more Jews within the community?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/170048/file/308916#t=795.0,811.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/170048/file/308916/transcript/93533/annotation/40","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eGOLDSTEIN:\u003c/strong\u003e No, I had gentile friends that I was extremely fond of. In fact, just this past Saturday, bless her heart, a friend of mine is in bad health, but she wanted to take me out for my birthday. We've been friends for over 75 years. I just talked to a friend of mine who lives in Atlanta and we have been friends about 75 years. I have a friend that I talk to every other day, or once a week maybe, that we played in a crib together. That's very special and I was very fortunate. They didn't, I don't think, thought of me as Jewish. I didn't think of them as Methodists or Baptists or whatever they happened to be. We were friends. We grew up together and still are friends.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/170048/file/308916#t=811.0,861.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/170048/file/308916/transcript/93533/annotation/41","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eBERMAN:\u003c/strong\u003e Did your parents worry about your Jewish education? What did they do about it?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/170048/file/308916#t=861.0,866.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/170048/file/308916/transcript/93533/annotation/42","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eGOLDSTEIN:\u003c/strong\u003e They were intent on me getting a Jewish education. I used to go to Atlanta every summer and spend my summers in Atlanta going to Hebrew school. I was bar mitzvahed in AA [Ahavath Achim Synagogue] on Washington Street.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/170048/file/308916#t=866.0,879.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/170048/file/308916/transcript/93533/annotation/43","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eBERMAN:\u003c/strong\u003e What year was that?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/170048/file/308916#t=879.0,881.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/170048/file/308916/transcript/93533/annotation/44","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eGOLDSTEIN:\u003c/strong\u003e I was born in 1923 and 13 would be 1936. I guess, 1936.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/170048/file/308916#t=881.0,890.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/170048/file/308916/transcript/93533/annotation/45","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eBERMAN:\u003c/strong\u003e Who did you stay with in Atlanta?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/170048/file/308916#t=890.0,893.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/170048/file/308916/transcript/93533/annotation/46","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eGOLDSTEIN:\u003c/strong\u003e That wasn't tough. I had a grandmother on Washington Street. I have an aunt on Capitol Avenue. I have an aunt in Decatur. The aunt in Decatur had a son about my age, so I stayed in Decatur most of the time. This would be hard for someone like you or younger to relate to, but I'd get on the streetcar in Decatur, near where we had the Holocaust exhibit, right there at the square. That's where you catch a streetcar. I'd go downtown and change streetcars with a transfer. They gave you a little piece of paper that you could get on another streetcar. [I'd] go to Washington Street to see my grandmother for the total sum of one nickel.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/170048/file/308916#t=893.0,949.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/170048/file/308916/transcript/93533/annotation/47","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eBERMAN:\u003c/strong\u003e Was this your grandmother on your maternal side, or your . . . ?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/170048/file/308916#t=949.0,952.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/170048/file/308916/transcript/93533/annotation/48","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eGOLDSTEIN:\u003c/strong\u003e On my mother's side.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/170048/file/308916#t=952.0,953.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/170048/file/308916/transcript/93533/annotation/49","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eBERMAN:\u003c/strong\u003e What was her name?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/170048/file/308916#t=953.0,955.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/170048/file/308916/transcript/93533/annotation/50","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eGOLDSTEIN:\u003c/strong\u003e She was a Goldstein, of course, but she was a Gusterman really from Europe, Temmie Gusterman.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/170048/file/308916#t=955.0,966.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/170048/file/308916/transcript/93533/annotation/51","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eBERMAN:\u003c/strong\u003e How did you compare Atlanta with Milledgeville?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/170048/file/308916#t=966.0,968.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/170048/file/308916/transcript/93533/annotation/52","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eGOLDSTEIN:\u003c/strong\u003e How do you compare it?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/170048/file/308916#t=968.0,969.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/170048/file/308916/transcript/93533/annotation/53","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eBERMAN:\u003c/strong\u003e How did you compare your summers with your school year? Were you happier?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/170048/file/308916#t=969.0,972.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/170048/file/308916/transcript/93533/annotation/54","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eGOLDSTEIN:\u003c/strong\u003e I don't know how to answer that. There was no comparison. It was a different world, really. A different world. I grew up with a Jewish crowd in Atlanta, and I wasn't as close to them as I am with the people in Milledgeville because I wasn't with them that much.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/170048/file/308916#t=972.0,991.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/170048/file/308916/transcript/93533/annotation/55","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eBERMAN:\u003c/strong\u003e After the bar mitzvah did you stop spending your summers in Atlanta?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/170048/file/308916#t=991.0,997.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/170048/file/308916/transcript/93533/annotation/56","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eGOLDSTEIN:\u003c/strong\u003e The summers, yes, but I'd still go up for a couple of weeks, as well as that, like I mentioned, my cousin, he would come here for a couple of weeks. Back then it was different than it is now. It wasn't unusual for us to go to Atlanta on Sunday, and everybody meet at my grandmother's home. The people from Decatur, the people from Capitol Avenue, we all converged on my grandmother's home. That's gone now, and I'm sorry, because we had close family back then.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/170048/file/308916#t=997.0,1027.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/170048/file/308916/transcript/93533/annotation/57","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eBERMAN:\u003c/strong\u003e What about the household, did your family keep kosher?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/170048/file/308916#t=1027.0,1032.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/170048/file/308916/transcript/93533/annotation/58","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eGOLDSTEIN:\u003c/strong\u003e My family kept kosher.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/170048/file/308916#t=1032.0,1034.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/170048/file/308916/transcript/93533/annotation/59","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eBERMAN:\u003c/strong\u003e How did they manage that?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/170048/file/308916#t=1034.0,1035.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/170048/file/308916/transcript/93533/annotation/60","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eGOLDSTEIN:\u003c/strong\u003e It wasn't easy. We used to get meat from Atlanta on the bus. Sometimes it was spoiled and sometimes it wasn't. My father got absolutely disgusted paying very high prices with a very tough making-a-living situation. He went to school in Augusta [Georgia] to be certified to kill chickens kosher. He got where he was approved. He couldn't kill anything bigger than a chicken, but he could kill a chicken. Incidentally, when he killed the chickens, we had young black men that worked at the store. They would always keep their fingers crossed that it wouldn't come out right, because if it didn't come our right, they got the chicken.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/170048/file/308916#t=1035.0,1086.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/170048/file/308916/transcript/93533/annotation/61","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eBERMAN:\u003c/strong\u003e It's a great story. Did you eat a lot of chicken?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/170048/file/308916#t=1086.0,1090.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/170048/file/308916/transcript/93533/annotation/62","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eGOLDSTEIN:\u003c/strong\u003e We ate a lot of chicken. We would go to Atlanta, and we would buy meat. We went to New York, a lot, to buy later on in business. My father was cunning. He would say, \"Now, parking in New York is terrible. The traffic is terrible. We're going to drive up to Baltimore, park the car, get on the train, and go to New York.\" That sounds very reasonable, but that wasn't the reason. The reason was, after New York, we loaded up with meat in Baltimore on Lombard Street. He had a good friend, Mr. Tulkoff. Have you ever seen Tulkoff Horseradish?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/170048/file/308916#t=1090.0,1138.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/170048/file/308916/transcript/93533/annotation/63","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eBERMAN:\u003c/strong\u003e I think so.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/170048/file/308916#t=1138.0,1139.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/170048/file/308916/transcript/93533/annotation/64","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eGOLDSTEIN:\u003c/strong\u003e That was his good friend. We would go down to Mr. Tulkoff and come home with at least one gallon, maybe two gallons of the ground horseradish. He would put the vinegar and the sugar and stuff in and give it to all his friends. Ulterior motive to Baltimore was to get meat and horseradish.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/170048/file/308916#t=1139.0,1162.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/170048/file/308916/transcript/93533/annotation/65","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eBERMAN:\u003c/strong\u003e That's a great story. Did your parents ever think about sending you to a Jewish summer camp?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/170048/file/308916#t=1162.0,1170.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/170048/file/308916/transcript/93533/annotation/66","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eGOLDSTEIN:\u003c/strong\u003e I don't think so. We had an excellent school here, we had good teachers, and my brother and I were well received. I was president of the senior class. I'm not saying that to be bragging, but it showed I was accepted. People didn't stop and say, I can't vote for him, he's Jewish, or I won't vote for this one, he's . . . that just wasn't part of the program. We accepted each other for what we were.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/170048/file/308916#t=1170.0,1200.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/170048/file/308916/transcript/93533/annotation/67","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eBERMAN:\u003c/strong\u003e Did you ever regret not living in Atlanta or a larger city?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/170048/file/308916#t=1200.0,1205.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/170048/file/308916/transcript/93533/annotation/68","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eGOLDSTEIN:\u003c/strong\u003e Not really. We had a situation here years ago where a professor at the college was suing the city of Milledgeville about the seal of the city. It had the word Christianity in it. A New York reporter from the Times, New York Times, came down and wanted to interview me, I guess because I was accessible downtown and Jewish. He tried to make a federal case out of that seal. I think I spoke for most people of the Jewish faith, of any faith. Listen, I didn't know the word Christianity was in that seal because it's very small. It was done many, many years ago. That was [when] the Christians were in control, that was their religion, and I respect it. If it was being done today, I wouldn't want that in it, but it wasn't done today. He talked a minute and he says, \"With your attitude, have you ever thought about maybe retiring and moving to New York?\" I said \"Sir, have you ever heard of anybody retiring and moving north?\" That was the end of that conversation.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/170048/file/308916#t=1205.0,1305.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/170048/file/308916/transcript/93533/annotation/69","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eBERMAN:\u003c/strong\u003e That's great. Were there other Jewish families in Milledgeville when you were growing up?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/170048/file/308916#t=1305.0,1309.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/170048/file/308916/transcript/93533/annotation/70","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eGOLDSTEIN:\u003c/strong\u003e Yes.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/170048/file/308916#t=1309.0,1310.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/170048/file/308916/transcript/93533/annotation/71","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eBERMAN:\u003c/strong\u003e Can you tell me what their names were or what they did?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/170048/file/308916#t=1310.0,1313.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/170048/file/308916/transcript/93533/annotation/72","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eGOLDSTEIN:\u003c/strong\u003e There was the Goodrich family, and that was a plural. There were three Jewish, three Goodrich families. At one time there was a Glass family and there were us. We had a couple of temporary residents, with stores that didn't last long, that were Jewish owned.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/170048/file/308916#t=1313.0,1339.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/170048/file/308916/transcript/93533/annotation/73","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eBERMAN:\u003c/strong\u003e You were telling me a story before we started the interview about a Civil War Jewish family.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/170048/file/308916#t=1339.0,1346.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/170048/file/308916/transcript/93533/annotation/74","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eGOLDSTEIN:\u003c/strong\u003e Yes.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/170048/file/308916#t=1346.0,1347.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/170048/file/308916/transcript/93533/annotation/75","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eBERMAN:\u003c/strong\u003e It was very interesting. If you could repeat the . . . go through the beginning.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/170048/file/308916#t=1347.0,1349.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/170048/file/308916/transcript/93533/annotation/76","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eGOLDSTEIN:\u003c/strong\u003e Would you like to know?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/170048/file/308916#t=1349.0,1351.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/170048/file/308916/transcript/93533/annotation/77","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eBERMAN:\u003c/strong\u003e Yes, I would love for you to tell that story.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/170048/file/308916#t=1351.0,1354.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/170048/file/308916/transcript/93533/annotation/78","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eGOLDSTEIN:\u003c/strong\u003e I was in Atlanta at some kind of reception and a reporter, I'm not sure if it was Jewish Times or what, came up to me and said they would like to come down to Milledgeville and interview me or some others about early Jewish families. I said, \"My father . . . \" [He] said, \"No, we're talking before your father.\" I said, \"We had some Jewish people there during the Confederacy.\" He said, \"That's what we would like to talk about\" I came home and there was a wonderful gentleman at Georgia College by name of Dr. Bonner, who had written a very good book on Milledgeville.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/170048/file/308916#t=1354.0,1397.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/170048/file/308916/transcript/93533/annotation/79","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eBERMAN:\u003c/strong\u003e Is that B-O-N-N?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/170048/file/308916#t=1397.0,1400.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/170048/file/308916/transcript/93533/annotation/80","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eGOLDSTEIN:\u003c/strong\u003e E-R. I had the book and I was going to refresh myself so I would be accurate. I was reading the book when my secretary said, \"Mr. Goldstein, there's a gentleman here like to see you.” I said, \"Show him in.\" He comes in and he introduces himself as Mr. Neuberger, the great-great-grandson of the Waitzfelders.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/170048/file/308916#t=1400.0,1425.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/170048/file/308916/transcript/93533/annotation/81","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eBERMAN:\u003c/strong\u003e How do you spell Waitzfelder?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/170048/file/308916#t=1425.0,1427.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/170048/file/308916/transcript/93533/annotation/82","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eGOLDSTEIN:\u003c/strong\u003e W-A-I-T-Z-Felder, and his name was Henry Neuberger. He said, \"Mr. Goldstein, I've been told by the chamber of commerce that you might could give me some information about the Waitzfelder building. That was my ancestors, and I'm doing the research on my genealogy.\" I said, \"Sure.\" I picked up the book and started reading to him about the Waitzfelder building. His eyes looked like, as I said to you earlier, the old cartoons when the eyes would come out. That's what it looked like to me. I laughed. He said, \"How in the world did you have that book open to the Waitzfelders?\" I guess I'm a devil at heart and I said, \"I had this vision you were coming.\" He laughed and we got to be friends. In fact, he stopped here twice a year, going from New Jersey to Florida, Florida to New Jersey. We visited, got to be good friends. His ancestors were the Waitzfelders. They had a plant called the Milledgeville Mill where they manufactured osnaburg. Now osnaburg is, best I can, maybe a finer version of what you see in a burlap. During the Civil War, they went over and started making more of a fabric that the Confederacy could use. They were very close friends to the Governor . . . Brown, Governor Brown of Georgia. In fact, Governor Brown sent one of the Waitzfelder boys to England to collect for cotton that the confederacy had sold. England acknowledged the debt, said they didn't have the money, and they would pay it when they had the money. After the war, the Civil War, one of the brothers went to New York to sell cotton that the other brother was buying in this area. When I was a kid, we had five cotton gins in Baldwin County. There are none here today but there were five when I was growing up. A lot of cotton. Selling that cotton in New York from this area was the beginning of the New York Cotton Exchange.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/170048/file/308916#t=1427.0,1595.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/170048/file/308916/transcript/93533/annotation/83","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eBERMAN:\u003c/strong\u003e Fantastic. There are no Waitzfelders?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/170048/file/308916#t=1595.0,1599.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/170048/file/308916/transcript/93533/annotation/84","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eGOLDSTEIN:\u003c/strong\u003e No, but I have to tell you, that gentleman came to me with an interesting situation. He had a deed to some lots in the cemetery of what is Memory Hill, the oldest cemetery in this area. To digress a bit, there was a guy out there that kept telling everybody that there were Jewish children buried in this area that he owned. My father said he had no knowledge of that. There was a nice gentleman in Macon by the name of Gus Kaufman who did research on cemeteries. He came over here with a crew and dug and checked and probed. No burials of any kind. Children, adults, anything. That put that story to bed. He said, \"Now, Jake, I don't want to sell this land, but what should I do with it?\" I said, \"What do you want to happen?\" He said, \"I'd like for it to be used.\" I said, \"All right, let's see if the city will accept it and make something like a meditation park out of it.\" That they did. There was a very nice lady from the garden clubs who took it over as a project and put benches in there. All he wanted, and it was a very valuable lots because there was none available, all he wanted was a brass plaque on there, not with his name, but the Waitzfelder family and that happened.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/170048/file/308916#t=1599.0,1701.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/170048/file/308916/transcript/93533/annotation/85","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eBERMAN:\u003c/strong\u003e You have such a great collection of stories. I don't know where to go next. Can you describe a little bit what it was like working in the store? What was a typical day like?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/170048/file/308916#t=1701.0,1722.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/170048/file/308916/transcript/93533/annotation/86","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eGOLDSTEIN:\u003c/strong\u003e I don't exactly know that it would be much different than working in a store in Atlanta. We opened up and incidentally that cash register you saw out there was in there. I don't ever remember it not being there and I was in the store from when I was a kid until we retired. My father bought it not new. It still works. Just yesterday, I have a friend that knows about registers. He told me to always, once a month or so, to punch something in it and keep the keys loose. I do that; I did it yesterday. It still worked just as well as it did when we were in the store. Our store and others like us, had a relation with customers that doesn't exist today. We would say hello to you when you walked in, walked with you to where you were going to get what you wanted, asked about your husband or your children. We knew them. They were not just customers they were our friends. They still are. People still stop me in the grocery store, and we've been out of business quite a while. Hug me, \"Mr. Goldstein, we miss your store. When you going to open back up?\" Stuff like that.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/170048/file/308916#t=1722.0,1805.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/170048/file/308916/transcript/93533/annotation/87","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eBERMAN:\u003c/strong\u003e Did you have a favorite customer or some memorable story about a customer?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/170048/file/308916#t=1805.0,1811.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/170048/file/308916/transcript/93533/annotation/88","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eGOLDSTEIN:\u003c/strong\u003e I have to tell you this, it wasn't a special customer, but I don't think it's ever happened anywhere in the world other than our store. My brother . . .","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/170048/file/308916#t=1811.0,1823.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/170048/file/308916/transcript/93533/annotation/89","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eBERMAN:\u003c/strong\u003e What's his name?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/170048/file/308916#t=1823.0,1824.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/170048/file/308916/transcript/93533/annotation/90","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eGOLDSTEIN:\u003c/strong\u003e Sonny, his name was Israel, nicknamed Sonny, sold . . . are you ready? A horse on layaway. He happened to have a couple of horses. This gentleman came in and said, \"Sonny, I like one of those horses. I'd sure like to buy him.\" He said, \"I'll sell him to you.\" He said, \" I don't have all the money to pay for him right now.\" He said, \"That's no matter. I'll put him on layaway.\" Just like somebody bought a pair of shoes or something on layaway. We had that horse and had a regular layaway card on that man for that horse. Every week the man came in and paid $2 on the horse.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/170048/file/308916#t=1824.0,1868.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/170048/file/308916/transcript/93533/annotation/91","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eBERMAN:\u003c/strong\u003e How long did it take them to pay it off?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/170048/file/308916#t=1868.0,1869.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/170048/file/308916/transcript/93533/annotation/92","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eGOLDSTEIN:\u003c/strong\u003e I really am not sure, but quite a while. Our store was a country store, but we sold building materials. I have one case where I drew the house plan for a gentleman who was a friend of mine, sold him the lot to build a house on, contracted the house, built it for him, sold him sheets and pillowcases and the furniture when he moved in. All he had to do was let me hand him the key.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/170048/file/308916#t=1869.0,1911.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/170048/file/308916/transcript/93533/annotation/93","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eBERMAN:\u003c/strong\u003e We've been interviewing a lot of people over the last 10 years all around the state, and generally everyone has said that at some point the small local business started to be affected by what they call the Walmart of America. When did that happen here? Did it happen here?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/170048/file/308916#t=1911.0,1938.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/170048/file/308916/transcript/93533/annotation/94","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eGOLDSTEIN:\u003c/strong\u003e It did not happen to us. When we went out of business, we were still a profitable organization. I'm sure that had we stayed in business it would have been a factor, but we went out of business because we were getting old. Our help had either retired, passed on. We had help at one time that had been with us 25, 30, 40 years. When we closed up, other than family, no one had been there over two years. That is the reason. It was getting to be a bother. My brother, my sister, and I had girls. No husband wanted to get in the business of a small town. We elected to liquidate. We didn't want to sell our name. At one time one person was interested in buying us, but we were really hesitant because, as I told you earlier, our customers were our friends and they trusted us. I wouldn't want anyone to use our name to mistreat our customers. We elected to just liquidate and close it up, and that's what we did.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/170048/file/308916#t=1938.0,2019.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/170048/file/308916/transcript/93533/annotation/95","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eBERMAN:\u003c/strong\u003e What year was that?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/170048/file/308916#t=2019.0,2025.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/170048/file/308916/transcript/93533/annotation/96","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eGOLDSTEIN:\u003c/strong\u003e 1980's, in the 1980's.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/170048/file/308916#t=2025.0,2028.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/170048/file/308916/transcript/93533/annotation/97","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eBERMAN:\u003c/strong\u003e I'm sure the town was deeply affected when you closed your door.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/170048/file/308916#t=2028.0,2032.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/170048/file/308916/transcript/93533/annotation/98","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eGOLDSTEIN:\u003c/strong\u003e They say they were. I don't know.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/170048/file/308916#t=2032.0,2036.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/170048/file/308916/transcript/93533/annotation/99","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eBERMAN:\u003c/strong\u003e Did you extend credit at the store?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/170048/file/308916#t=2036.0,2038.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/170048/file/308916/transcript/93533/annotation/100","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eGOLDSTEIN:\u003c/strong\u003e Yes. Milledgeville, Baldwin County, was an unusual county. We had, up until recently, an awful lot of state institutions here. They didn't make a lot of money, but they had a job. During the Depression, we didn't lose a bank in Baldwin County. Nobody was rich, but they had steady income. Now, they didn't get paid every week. They had to go from check to check, therefore credit. My father had a policy. Everybody that worked at Central State Hospital knew it, if you got a job at Central state, you had to have certain clothing. If you've got the job, no matter what your credit was, you come in and show us where you've been hired, you could get the clothes you need to go to work. I would say 99.9 percent of them paid us.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/170048/file/308916#t=2038.0,2115.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/170048/file/308916/transcript/93533/annotation/101","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eBERMAN:\u003c/strong\u003e How about farmers?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/170048/file/308916#t=2115.0,2116.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/170048/file/308916/transcript/93533/annotation/102","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eGOLDSTEIN:\u003c/strong\u003e Farmers?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/170048/file/308916#t=2116.0,2117.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/170048/file/308916/transcript/93533/annotation/103","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eBERMAN:\u003c/strong\u003e Were there a lot?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/170048/file/308916#t=2117.0,2118.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/170048/file/308916/transcript/93533/annotation/104","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eGOLDSTEIN:\u003c/strong\u003e Yes, they were. Funny you mentioned that I was just talking to someone the other day who was a history professor and we were reminiscing. When I was a young fellow, I could go in the back of our store and look out the window. In the backyard were wagons and mules where people had come into town for Saturday. They didn't have two automobiles. They came in on Saturday and dropped the kids at the picture show. That was the babysitter, while the family did their shopping, groceries and dry goods and whatever.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/170048/file/308916#t=2118.0,2156.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/170048/file/308916/transcript/93533/annotation/105","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eBERMAN:\u003c/strong\u003e Different time?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/170048/file/308916#t=2156.0,2158.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/170048/file/308916/transcript/93533/annotation/106","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eGOLDSTEIN:\u003c/strong\u003e Different time. I know that that will never come back. They say things aren't like they used to be, but they never were. There were good times, there were tough times, but people weren't worried about buying the third TV or the second car or going to Europe. We were just looking after our family and trying to grow up. That's what our parents tried to do. We all were happy. There were a lot of people, a lot richer, but we didn't know we wasn't.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/170048/file/308916#t=2158.0,2195.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/170048/file/308916/transcript/93533/annotation/107","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eBERMAN:\u003c/strong\u003e You also mentioned that there were a lot of cotton gins, what did you say, five?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/170048/file/308916#t=2195.0,2200.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/170048/file/308916/transcript/93533/annotation/108","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eGOLDSTEIN:\u003c/strong\u003e Five in this county, yes.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/170048/file/308916#t=2200.0,2202.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/170048/file/308916/transcript/93533/annotation/109","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eBERMAN:\u003c/strong\u003e What happened to that kind of industry here?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/170048/file/308916#t=2202.0,2205.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/170048/file/308916/transcript/93533/annotation/110","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eGOLDSTEIN:\u003c/strong\u003e The boll weevil did away with the cotton business, and therefore, when there was no cotton, there was no gins. Right after that, World War II was coming. Industry started coming in, and people went from agriculture to industry. Now, that's gone again. We've lost in the last year or two, a couple plants in Milledgeville. Rheem Manufacturing, one of the largest manufacturers in the world of air conditioning and heating systems, closed a tremendous plant here in the Milledgeville and moved to Mexico. It's awfully easy to condemn them, but I knew one of the managers and he said, \"Jake, we're saving $12 to $14 an hour on labor.\" He says, \"We don't like it, but if we were going to stay in business, we had to do it.\" You can't argue with that. We're just changing what we are in the United States. We've gone from that to a technical business. Now, China don't do airplanes and computers, and that's what . . . excuse me, that's to remind me of something. When you get old you have to have help. We've changed what we do now. That may affect Milledgeville, and we lose some jobs here. But somewhere, somewhere else, somebody's getting jobs, and the country's going to have to adjust to that.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/170048/file/308916#t=2205.0,2306.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/170048/file/308916/transcript/93533/annotation/111","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eBERMAN:\u003c/strong\u003e We were getting to the point, I would like to get to the point where you're 18 years old, you're graduating from Georgia Military College. Were you in officers? Was that how most of the people graduated? You became an officer?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/170048/file/308916#t=2306.0,2325.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/170048/file/308916/transcript/93533/annotation/112","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eGOLDSTEIN:\u003c/strong\u003e That's interesting. Georgia Military College was an approved military college that was authorized to have . . . reserve officers. I got into military real young, which you can't do today. You have to be a little older. Back then, I started taking military when I was 14 years old, I guess. After four years, you went to a camp, summer camp, and if you passed that camp . . . you were a reserve officer. I was a reserve officer and going to school. I was in junior college, but the war broke out. They activated all reserve officers, 18 didn't matter. They didn't select 18, but if you were a reserve officer, they all were the same. They activated, and so I was activated. Interestingly enough, I wasn't through junior college. They activated me in April, I wasn't going to graduate junior college until the end of May, and I was about to lose out. They let me take early exams, do some extra work, and I went to Camp Wheeler over in Macon for just a few weeks until May graduation. They let me come back from military camp and graduate with my class. Right after that, due to the friendship of the camp commander at Wheeler, who I had known at GMC [Georgia Military College], sent to Panama, which probably saved my life. When everybody else was being sent over as replacements in the Pacific, I went to Panama. Joined the outfit in Panama, the 14th Infantry. Stayed with them until the war was over. Came back to the states with them, went to Europe with them, 14th infantry, joined Patton's Third Army. We went through Europe and met the Russians in Steyr, Austria, and that was the story.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/170048/file/308916#t=2325.0,2479.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/170048/file/308916/transcript/93533/annotation/113","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eBERMAN:\u003c/strong\u003e I think there's more to the story. I have a few more questions. Do you remember where you were when you heard that Pearl Harbor was attacked?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/170048/file/308916#t=2479.0,2488.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/170048/file/308916/transcript/93533/annotation/114","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eGOLDSTEIN:\u003c/strong\u003e I was here in Milledgeville, still going to school. Yes, I remember very well. I think everybody does, it was a Sunday. I had been to the movie, came out, walked to the soda shop, where boy meets girl, has Coca-Cola, and that was the talk of the place, that Pearl Harbor had been bombed.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/170048/file/308916#t=2488.0,2511.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/170048/file/308916/transcript/93533/annotation/115","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eBERMAN:\u003c/strong\u003e Did you know where Pearl Harbor was?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/170048/file/308916#t=2511.0,2515.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/170048/file/308916/transcript/93533/annotation/116","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eGOLDSTEIN:\u003c/strong\u003e I don't know if they said Pearl Harbor or said in Hawaii. I knew where Hawaii was. I wasn't sure that I would have known Pearl Harbor, no.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/170048/file/308916#t=2515.0,2527.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/170048/file/308916/transcript/93533/annotation/117","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eBERMAN:\u003c/strong\u003e Do you remember how the reaction was amongst your peers? Was there anger? Was there just worry that you would all be going off to war?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/170048/file/308916#t=2527.0,2538.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/170048/file/308916/transcript/93533/annotation/118","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eGOLDSTEIN:\u003c/strong\u003e It was really, that's interesting, but hard to describe. I think more shock, couldn't believe it. Here I am in school and I'm fixing to go to the Army. It wasn't frightening. My generation didn't try to keep from going to the service. There were a few, but most of us, that's what they call us to do, that's what we did.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/170048/file/308916#t=2538.0,2570.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/170048/file/308916/transcript/93533/annotation/119","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eBERMAN:\u003c/strong\u003e You went to Panama. How long were you there?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/170048/file/308916#t=2570.0,2578.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/170048/file/308916/transcript/93533/annotation/120","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eGOLDSTEIN:\u003c/strong\u003e One year.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/170048/file/308916#t=2578.0,2580.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/170048/file/308916/transcript/93533/annotation/121","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eBERMAN:\u003c/strong\u003e Then you came back here?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/170048/file/308916#t=2580.0,2582.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/170048/file/308916/transcript/93533/annotation/122","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eGOLDSTEIN:\u003c/strong\u003e Came back here and they took all our enlisted men, shipped them out as replacements, got new enlisted men, trained . . .","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/170048/file/308916#t=2582.0,2590.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/170048/file/308916/transcript/93533/annotation/123","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eBERMAN:\u003c/strong\u003e When did you go to Europe?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/170048/file/308916#t=2590.0,2595.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/170048/file/308916/transcript/93533/annotation/124","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eGOLDSTEIN:\u003c/strong\u003e It was right during the Battle of the Bulge. We tried to get there, they rushed us. We were preparing to go, but when that happened, everything stopped. We got ready in a couple of days to leave. We got there for the end of the Battle of the Bulge. That was January of what? 1944.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/170048/file/308916#t=2595.0,2617.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/170048/file/308916/transcript/93533/annotation/125","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eBERMAN:\u003c/strong\u003e No, 1945.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/170048/file/308916#t=2617.0,2618.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/170048/file/308916/transcript/93533/annotation/126","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eGOLDSTEIN:\u003c/strong\u003e 1945, yes, that's when the war was over, in 1945.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/170048/file/308916#t=2618.0,2622.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/170048/file/308916/transcript/93533/annotation/127","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eBERMAN:\u003c/strong\u003e Did you see any action in the Battle of the Bulge?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/170048/file/308916#t=2622.0,2625.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/170048/file/308916/transcript/93533/annotation/128","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eGOLDSTEIN:\u003c/strong\u003e No, we got to the end of it and helped mop up. We saw action. We went all the way through France, through Germany, had a lot of battles. My outfit had a lot of battles in trying to cross the Rhine and on down to Austria. We met the Russians in Austria. My outfit, I wasn't the first one there, but I got there, liberated some labor camps. One was near Wels, Austria. I'm not sure what it's spelling, but it was Gunsloggen [likely Gunskirchen]. Fifteen thousand inmates in that labor camp, Jewish people, Gypsies, Catholics, everything. It's so heartbreaking to see them coming at you like this [memoirist holds his hands out] and you could count their ribs. They were hungry, starving, and they couldn't understand why we wouldn't give them food. We'd been told by our doctors, \"Don't give them your food, you'll kill them.\" We gave them the crackers from the rations, but a C-ration, you had to be in pretty good health to eat it and they were not. In a couple of days, I don't know how long we were gone, the quartermaster came up with the powdered eggs and stuff that we didn't have. I'll never forget that. In fact, a couple years ago, maybe three now, my grandson was in Europe, and he got promoted to a captain. I told him I was going to send him my captain bars, and I wanted him to wear my captain bars. He wrote me back he wouldn't do it unless I came over and pinned them on him. Maxine and I went to Germany and put my captain bars on my grandson.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/170048/file/308916#t=2625.0,2761.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/170048/file/308916/transcript/93533/annotation/129","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eBERMAN:\u003c/strong\u003e That's wonderful. What's his name?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/170048/file/308916#t=2761.0,2764.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/170048/file/308916/transcript/93533/annotation/130","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eGOLDSTEIN:\u003c/strong\u003e His name is Fred Stein. I think about him and that camp while we were there . . . you have to forgive me.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/170048/file/308916#t=2764.0,2777.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/170048/file/308916/transcript/93533/annotation/131","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eBERMAN:\u003c/strong\u003e No worries.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/170048/file/308916#t=2777.0,2778.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/170048/file/308916/transcript/93533/annotation/132","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eGOLDSTEIN:\u003c/strong\u003e While we were there, he says, \"Jake would you like to see a former labor camp?\" I said, \" I saw several Fred, but I didn't see this, what you're talking about.\" He took me. I could close my eyes and almost think I was in the one that I had been at, because they were similarly constructed. Bless his heart, there was a Jesuit priest that took his day off to be a guide. He took us through and showed us and explained, and it was just so . . . he did such a great job. I don't know if my grandson had told him or somebody had told them I had been there. He came up to me, called me Captain, he said, \"Now Captain, how did I do?\" I said, \"Sir, you did better than I could have done. You didn't dress it up; you didn't dress it down. I think it was very accurate, except for one thing.\" He kind of jumped like, what did I do wrong? I said, \"You didn't do anything wrong, but you couldn't tell the odor, the smell of death.\" He says, \" I'd never thought of that and in the future, I'll mention that.\"","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/170048/file/308916#t=2778.0,2860.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/170048/file/308916/transcript/93533/annotation/133","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eBERMAN:\u003c/strong\u003e Do you still remember that smell?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/170048/file/308916#t=2860.0,2862.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/170048/file/308916/transcript/93533/annotation/134","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eGOLDSTEIN:\u003c/strong\u003e I sure do. I sure do.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/170048/file/308916#t=2862.0,2866.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/170048/file/308916/transcript/93533/annotation/135","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eBERMAN:\u003c/strong\u003e Other liberators have mentioned that as well.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/170048/file/308916#t=2866.0,2868.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/170048/file/308916/transcript/93533/annotation/136","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eGOLDSTEIN:\u003c/strong\u003e I just finished a book, the Black Cross. It talks about camps. When I was reading it, the odor came back to me. I guess I'll always have that, I don't know.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/170048/file/308916#t=2868.0,2892.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/170048/file/308916/transcript/93533/annotation/137","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eBERMAN:\u003c/strong\u003e You achieved the rank of captain.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/170048/file/308916#t=2892.0,2897.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/170048/file/308916/transcript/93533/annotation/138","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eGOLDSTEIN:\u003c/strong\u003e Yes.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/170048/file/308916#t=2897.0,2898.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/170048/file/308916/transcript/93533/annotation/139","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eBERMAN:\u003c/strong\u003e How was your relationship with your fellow soldiers? Did you ever find any antisemitism in the Army?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/170048/file/308916#t=2898.0,2907.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/170048/file/308916/transcript/93533/annotation/140","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eGOLDSTEIN:\u003c/strong\u003e Antisemitism, no. I didn't see it. I'm sure there was some there. I guess I have to say it like I think it is. I was an old-timer, so to speak, in my outfit. This is what happened. I don't think it's something to be proud of, but I was called on occasion. The colonel would send for me. He said, \"Jake, there's a lieutenant down in Company D of your faith. He's loud, and he's causing a lot of trouble. You need to talk to him.\" That seemed to have been my job, because I had been there so long, and they knew me. I was part of a corps almost. On some occasions I'd talk to them and they'd listen to me, and some occasions they wouldn't listen to me. Unfortunately, it's not fair, but it's how that system worked. They would be shipped out, and they were the least qualified to be shipped out. But if they were loud and obnoxious, and Jewish people didn't have a monopoly on that, I just had to deal with the Jewish people. But anybody that didn't fit in well usually got shipped out. That's how it worked.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/170048/file/308916#t=2907.0,2998.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/170048/file/308916/transcript/93533/annotation/141","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eBERMAN:\u003c/strong\u003e Where were you when the war ended?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/170048/file/308916#t=2998.0,3001.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/170048/file/308916/transcript/93533/annotation/142","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eGOLDSTEIN:\u003c/strong\u003e I was in Austria. We had met the Russians, and I had had, through circumstances . . . when I got to Panama. I have to back up, when I got to Panama, I was a junior officer. Junior officers get made mess officer. I was mess officer in Panama. I was a fortunate mess officer. I had a sergeant that had run a restaurant in Louisiana, so that made me a good mess officer. When the war was over, the general sent for me and said, \"Jake, I want you to put on a dinner for the Russians.\" I said, \"General?\" I knew him, he was like a father to me.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/170048/file/308916#t=3001.0,3054.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/170048/file/308916/transcript/93533/annotation/143","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eBERMAN:\u003c/strong\u003e Which general was this?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/170048/file/308916#t=3054.0,3055.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/170048/file/308916/transcript/93533/annotation/144","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eGOLDSTEIN:\u003c/strong\u003e General W. G. Wyman, W-Y-M-A-N. Wonderful gentleman. I said, \"General, look at me. I'm in fatigue clothes. I am dirty. I can't put on a dinner.\" He said, \"Jake, you don't understand. All you got to do is make a list of what you want and we're going to fly it in from England.\" I said, \"Can I pick my help?\" \"Get anybody you want.\" I got my sergeant. Now I was going to be good at putting on a dinner, I had my sergeant. We thought, naive as we were, we thought by golly, a steak that nobody had had for years would be fantastic. We ordered steak and the government sent them to us. The Russians didn't know what to do with it. To my amazement, they looked at it and weren't eating. The general was awful upset. He said, \"Jake, they're not eating.\" We had cognac. My crowd was eating steak. We ran and got K-rations, which was a cracker and cheese. Man, the Russians had a great time with the cognac and the cracker, the cheese. Our crowd had a great time with their steak.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/170048/file/308916#t=3055.0,3143.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/170048/file/308916/transcript/93533/annotation/145","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eBERMAN:\u003c/strong\u003e Were you worried when the war ended in Europe that you were going to be shipped out back to the Pacific?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/170048/file/308916#t=3143.0,3149.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/170048/file/308916/transcript/93533/annotation/146","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eGOLDSTEIN:\u003c/strong\u003e We were getting ready to be shipped to Pacific, then the atomic bomb dropped, and that changed it all.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/170048/file/308916#t=3149.0,3159.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/170048/file/308916/transcript/93533/annotation/147","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eBERMAN:\u003c/strong\u003e How do you feel about that? Do you think it was the right decision then?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/170048/file/308916#t=3159.0,3162.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/170048/file/308916/transcript/93533/annotation/148","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eGOLDSTEIN:\u003c/strong\u003e Young lady, if they hadn't dropped it, I probably wouldn't be sitting here today. Is that an answer?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/170048/file/308916#t=3162.0,3172.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/170048/file/308916/transcript/93533/annotation/149","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eBERMAN:\u003c/strong\u003e That's the same answer I've gotten from every single, but it's an interesting question.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/170048/file/308916#t=3172.0,3178.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/170048/file/308916/transcript/93533/annotation/150","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eGOLDSTEIN:\u003c/strong\u003e It's an interesting question, and of course, if you're going to be theoretical, people got killed, not as near as many people as would have gotten killed, and not near as many Americans [that] would've gotten killed.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/170048/file/308916#t=3178.0,3196.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/170048/file/308916/transcript/93533/annotation/151","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eBERMAN:\u003c/strong\u003e The war ends. I do have one other question. I saw a photograph somewhere when we first came in. You were trying on Goering's jacket.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/170048/file/308916#t=3196.0,3205.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/170048/file/308916/transcript/93533/annotation/152","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eGOLDSTEIN:\u003c/strong\u003e Yes.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/170048/file/308916#t=3205.0,3206.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/170048/file/308916/transcript/93533/annotation/153","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eBERMAN:\u003c/strong\u003e How did that happen?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/170048/file/308916#t=3206.0,3211.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/170048/file/308916/transcript/93533/annotation/154","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eGOLDSTEIN:\u003c/strong\u003e Our outfit liberated Goering's Castle, not me, but a good friend of mine. He called me and I went over and he let me see the jacket. When we came home, I had the jacket and I tried it on, in fact I had it in our window on display in the store. People came by, the newspapers came by, and it was that big on me, that's how that happened.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/170048/file/308916#t=3211.0,3239.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/170048/file/308916/transcript/93533/annotation/155","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eBERMAN:\u003c/strong\u003e Where's the jacket now?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/170048/file/308916#t=3239.0,3243.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/170048/file/308916/transcript/93533/annotation/156","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eGOLDSTEIN:\u003c/strong\u003e Unfortunately, my friend, I gave it back to him and I was going to get it back. We were going to share. He went insane, ended up at a state hospital. I used to go out and see him take him cigarettes, and I don't know what he did with the jacket, disappeared.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/170048/file/308916#t=3243.0,3269.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/170048/file/308916/transcript/93533/annotation/157","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eBERMAN:\u003c/strong\u003e They had a seder at that castle. Did he talk about that at all?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/170048/file/308916#t=3269.0,3273.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/170048/file/308916/transcript/93533/annotation/158","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eGOLDSTEIN:\u003c/strong\u003e I know nothing about the seder. I know that I had Rosh Hashanah services in a bombed-out synagogue in Augsburg [Germany].","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/170048/file/308916#t=3273.0,3285.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/170048/file/308916/transcript/93533/annotation/159","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eBERMAN:\u003c/strong\u003e Really?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/170048/file/308916#t=3285.0,3286.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/170048/file/308916/transcript/93533/annotation/160","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eGOLDSTEIN:\u003c/strong\u003e I was sitting here, Rabbi was where you are, and there was no back to the building. It had been bombed down. That was very moving. I had attended services, different kind of services, different holidays. Rosh Hashanah, Yom Kippur, mainly. On one occasion a Catholic priest conducted it. He asked me to help. That was the camaraderie that I was familiar with in the Army that you asked the question about earlier.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/170048/file/308916#t=3286.0,3324.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/170048/file/308916/transcript/93533/annotation/161","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eBERMAN:\u003c/strong\u003e Do you think it was easier for someone like you, born and raised in the South with a lot of non-Jewish friends, than maybe someone from the Northeast, from New York, who didn't have a lot of those relationships and then was in the Army?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/170048/file/308916#t=3324.0,3341.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/170048/file/308916/transcript/93533/annotation/162","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eGOLDSTEIN:\u003c/strong\u003e I think that's true, but that would also be true that somebody that was Italian, that grew up in an Italian section in New York, and that was all his friends. Yes, it's true about the Jewish people from New York, but that was the way they grew up, in little ghettos, so to speak, where I was exposed to everything.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/170048/file/308916#t=3341.0,3366.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/170048/file/308916/transcript/93533/annotation/163","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eBERMAN:\u003c/strong\u003e At war's end, how long were you . . . when the war in the Pacific ended, were you able to come home or did you have to, did you need more points before you were able to?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/170048/file/308916#t=3366.0,3382.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/170048/file/308916/transcript/93533/annotation/164","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eGOLDSTEIN:\u003c/strong\u003e When the war ended, or right before the war ended, we were packing up, actually getting ready to go to the Pacific. The war ended. Then everything stopped, no more packing. We had a period, I guess, of a month, six weeks, eight, maybe two months before I got transferred to an outfit that was coming home. It was just a vehicle to come home in. That was it.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/170048/file/308916#t=3382.0,3410.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/170048/file/308916/transcript/93533/annotation/165","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eBERMAN:\u003c/strong\u003e Where did you disembark?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/170048/file/308916#t=3410.0,3413.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/170048/file/308916/transcript/93533/annotation/166","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eGOLDSTEIN:\u003c/strong\u003e We came to Camp Kilmer, New Jersey.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/170048/file/308916#t=3413.0,3416.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/170048/file/308916/transcript/93533/annotation/167","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eBERMAN:\u003c/strong\u003e What was that feeling? What was it like to see the American shores?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/170048/file/308916#t=3416.0,3422.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/170048/file/308916/transcript/93533/annotation/168","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eGOLDSTEIN:\u003c/strong\u003e Great. Wonderful, wonderful, to step off the ship, a Red Cross girl handed me a thing of fresh milk.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/170048/file/308916#t=3422.0,3432.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/170048/file/308916/transcript/93533/annotation/169","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eBERMAN:\u003c/strong\u003e Did you go immediately back home to Milledgeville, or did you stay up north at all?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/170048/file/308916#t=3432.0,3438.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/170048/file/308916/transcript/93533/annotation/170","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eGOLDSTEIN:\u003c/strong\u003e No, I was in the Army, still in the army.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/170048/file/308916#t=3438.0,3439.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/170048/file/308916/transcript/93533/annotation/171","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eBERMAN:\u003c/strong\u003e Still?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/170048/file/308916#t=3439.0,3440.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/170048/file/308916/transcript/93533/annotation/172","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eGOLDSTEIN:\u003c/strong\u003e After they got a trainload of people being discharged, I was in charge of the train that went from Camp Kilmer to . . . it was Augusta. I think it was Augusta. We went to Camp Gordon. They discharged us at Camp Gordon, and I got a bus and came home.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/170048/file/308916#t=3440.0,3465.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/170048/file/308916/transcript/93533/annotation/173","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eBERMAN:\u003c/strong\u003e What was that feeling like?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/170048/file/308916#t=3465.0,3466.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/170048/file/308916/transcript/93533/annotation/174","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eGOLDSTEIN:\u003c/strong\u003e That was great, that was great.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/170048/file/308916#t=3466.0,3470.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/170048/file/308916/transcript/93533/annotation/175","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eBERMAN:\u003c/strong\u003e I had another question while you were in the Army. Did you do write home a lot?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/170048/file/308916#t=3470.0,3474.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/170048/file/308916/transcript/93533/annotation/176","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eGOLDSTEIN:\u003c/strong\u003e Did I write home? Yes, I did. My mother, bless her heart, and may she rest in peace. She was able, and I don't know how it happened. I don't know why more people didn't do it, but we had a cannery here for farmers that raised everything. She canned fried chicken and sent it to me. When I used to get them packages, whenever I got them, I was very popular. She sent me salamis, everything.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/170048/file/308916#t=3474.0,3506.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/170048/file/308916/transcript/93533/annotation/177","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eBERMAN:\u003c/strong\u003e That's fantastic!","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/170048/file/308916#t=3506.0,3507.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/170048/file/308916/transcript/93533/annotation/178","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eGOLDSTEIN:\u003c/strong\u003e One of the most disgusting things that happened? We captured a warehouse that Germans had. It was all American Red Cross packages that they never let go through and they took them. That really fired up everybody. Everybody just, it wouldn't have done for them to catch a German right then. They were so mad. Everyone, no exception.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/170048/file/308916#t=3507.0,3534.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/170048/file/308916/transcript/93533/annotation/179","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eBERMAN:\u003c/strong\u003e Was it difficult to readjust to civilian life?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/170048/file/308916#t=3534.0,3539.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/170048/file/308916/transcript/93533/annotation/180","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eGOLDSTEIN:\u003c/strong\u003e I expect you'll have to ask the civilians about that, not me. Right after I got home, it just wasn't but a short . . . I got back home in April. I went to summer school at Georgia [University of Georgia] that summer. Didn't know Maxine then, and the fall is when I met her.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/170048/file/308916#t=3539.0,3563.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/170048/file/308916/transcript/93533/annotation/181","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eBERMAN:\u003c/strong\u003e You met at UGA?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/170048/file/308916#t=3563.0,3564.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/170048/file/308916/transcript/93533/annotation/182","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eGOLDSTEIN:\u003c/strong\u003e Yes, we did on the dance floor.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/170048/file/308916#t=3564.0,3568.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/170048/file/308916/transcript/93533/annotation/183","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eBERMAN:\u003c/strong\u003e Were you in a fraternity? Is that how you met?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/170048/file/308916#t=3568.0,3571.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/170048/file/308916/transcript/93533/annotation/184","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eGOLDSTEIN:\u003c/strong\u003e I was in a fraternity, but that isn't how we met. A fraternity brother introduced me. He knew her, and I didn't. He introduced us on the dance floor. He had played a little joke on us. He had a girlfriend in Augusta. I had a car, and he would talk me into going to Augusta where he could see his girlfriend. He said, “I'm going to get you a date with Maxine”. I didn't know her. He built up what a nice girl she was and how pretty she was. Maxine didn't much care about dating me if she had to ride to Philadelphia, which she did with her family. He got me a blind date. This fella had evidently told her I was a tall guy, bigger than Arnold Schwarzenegger and stuff like that. He got me a date with a tall girl. But when that girl started coming down the steps, I didn't think it’d ever quit. She kept coming down the steps, she kept coming down the steps. I went out with that girl all night talking to her like that [memoirist looks up]. He made a big thing out of it; how mad I was. I wasn't mad, but he told her how mad I was. Then he'd tell me what she said and playing one against the other. Then one night at a dance he said, “Jake, I want you to meet somebody”. He didn't say it was Maxine. “I want you to meet somebody”. Took me out on the floor, tapped her on the shoulder and they broke. He said, “Maxine, this is Jake,” and he took off. Of course, he knew there was going to be some fireworks. She let me know she wasn't very happy to see me. But after a while, we got a little better off.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/170048/file/308916#t=3571.0,3677.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/170048/file/308916/transcript/93533/annotation/185","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eBERMAN:\u003c/strong\u003e Was it love at first sight for you?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/170048/file/308916#t=3677.0,3681.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/170048/file/308916/transcript/93533/annotation/186","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eGOLDSTEIN:\u003c/strong\u003e Maybe second sight. I was very fortunate.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/170048/file/308916#t=3681.0,3685.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/170048/file/308916/transcript/93533/annotation/187","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eBERMAN:\u003c/strong\u003e How long did you date before you got married?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/170048/file/308916#t=3685.0,3687.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/170048/file/308916/transcript/93533/annotation/188","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eGOLDSTEIN:\u003c/strong\u003e Are you familiar with pinning?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/170048/file/308916#t=3687.0,3690.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/170048/file/308916/transcript/93533/annotation/189","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eBERMAN:\u003c/strong\u003e A pinning, yes.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/170048/file/308916#t=3690.0,3692.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/170048/file/308916/transcript/93533/annotation/190","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eGOLDSTEIN:\u003c/strong\u003e In three weeks, we were pinned. But I wasn't so sure, I used my brother's pin.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/170048/file/308916#t=3692.0,3699.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/170048/file/308916/transcript/93533/annotation/191","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eBERMAN:\u003c/strong\u003e What fraternity were you in?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/170048/file/308916#t=3699.0,3700.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/170048/file/308916/transcript/93533/annotation/192","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eGOLDSTEIN:\u003c/strong\u003e TEP [Tau Epsilon Phi].","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/170048/file/308916#t=3700.0,3701.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/170048/file/308916/transcript/93533/annotation/193","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eBERMAN:\u003c/strong\u003e Where was Maxine . . . I'm going to get this from her in a minute, but where was she from?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/170048/file/308916#t=3701.0,3704.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/170048/file/308916/transcript/93533/annotation/194","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eGOLDSTEIN:\u003c/strong\u003e Augusta","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/170048/file/308916#t=3704.0,3706.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/170048/file/308916/transcript/93533/annotation/195","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eBERMAN:\u003c/strong\u003e How long after you were pinned were you married?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/170048/file/308916#t=3706.0,3711.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/170048/file/308916/transcript/93533/annotation/196","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eGOLDSTEIN:\u003c/strong\u003e We were pinned in the first quarter. When I graduated that summer, we got married. We were maybe a pin nine, ten months.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/170048/file/308916#t=3711.0,3727.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/170048/file/308916/transcript/93533/annotation/197","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eBERMAN:\u003c/strong\u003e You both decided together to move to Milledgeville? Did you know you were going to come back and work in the store?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/170048/file/308916#t=3727.0,3734.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/170048/file/308916/transcript/93533/annotation/198","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eGOLDSTEIN:\u003c/strong\u003e I don't know if we both decided. I had a chance to stay in the Army, and I turned it down on account of I thought my father was old. He wasn't, but to me he was, and I thought he needed help in the store. I had always planned to come back to the store. When we were going together, I don't think we ever had to say it. She knew that when I graduated, I was coming to Milledgeville. That was what I was going to do.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/170048/file/308916#t=3734.0,3770.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/170048/file/308916/transcript/93533/annotation/199","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eBERMAN:\u003c/strong\u003e How did Milledgeville, did it seem changed after the war? Did it seem changed?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/170048/file/308916#t=3770.0,3774.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/170048/file/308916/transcript/93533/annotation/200","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eGOLDSTEIN:\u003c/strong\u003e Yes, it was really changed. We were fortunate enough to have a wonderful gentleman called Vinson. Mr. Vinson had gotten a naval ordinance plant which is less than a quarter of a mile from where we are. You remember where we went for the Leo Frank? Right across the street from that was where the naval ordinance plant was. That created industry here. That had not been here when I left. When I left, State Hospital was the jobs, and one big brick yard. Other than that, there was no industry. But then industry started coming in, and yes, it had changed.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/170048/file/308916#t=3774.0,3820.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/170048/file/308916/transcript/93533/annotation/201","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eBERMAN:\u003c/strong\u003e For the better?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/170048/file/308916#t=3820.0,3823.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/170048/file/308916/transcript/93533/annotation/202","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eGOLDSTEIN:\u003c/strong\u003e Yes, probably for the better, but certainly different.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/170048/file/308916#t=3823.0,3827.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/170048/file/308916/transcript/93533/annotation/203","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eBERMAN:\u003c/strong\u003e What about relationships between the races? Was that beginning to change when you got back, 1940’s, 1950’s?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/170048/file/308916#t=3827.0,3835.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/170048/file/308916/transcript/93533/annotation/204","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eGOLDSTEIN:\u003c/strong\u003e I have to say, yes. That doesn't mean to say there was no problems, but it was heading in the right direction. It was getting better. I think people being in the service had a lot to do with that. With no disrespect to somebody who just stayed in Milledgeville all their life, that's what they knew. As they got a broader picture, their attitudes changed somewhat.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/170048/file/308916#t=3835.0,3864.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/170048/file/308916/transcript/93533/annotation/205","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eBERMAN:\u003c/strong\u003e How did the schools integrate in Milledgeville? Was that problem, was it an easy transition or difficult?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/170048/file/308916#t=3864.0,3872.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/170048/file/308916/transcript/93533/annotation/206","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eGOLDSTEIN:\u003c/strong\u003e There was some friction, but I think we probably fared better than most.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/170048/file/308916#t=3872.0,3878.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/170048/file/308916/transcript/93533/annotation/207","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eBERMAN:\u003c/strong\u003e Was there good leadership?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/170048/file/308916#t=3878.0,3881.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/170048/file/308916/transcript/93533/annotation/208","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eGOLDSTEIN:\u003c/strong\u003e Yes. There was a Mr. John Baum, B-A-U-M, Baum, who came to Milledgeville with J.P. Stevens. That is when the war was over. The Naval Ordnance Plant no longer existed, and J. P. Stevens took over that building. I don't know what you know about textile, but J. P. Stevens was big textile. They had a plant here in Milledgeville and the head of that plant was head of the Board of Education. His wonderful sense of balance, his fairness and leadership helped Milledgeville and Baldwin County make the transition.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/170048/file/308916#t=3881.0,3928.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/170048/file/308916/transcript/93533/annotation/209","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eBERMAN:\u003c/strong\u003e How did the store, did the customers, start to change? Less farmers, more new people moving in after the war?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/170048/file/308916#t=3928.0,3935.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/170048/file/308916/transcript/93533/annotation/210","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eGOLDSTEIN:\u003c/strong\u003e Less farmers, yes, because a lot of them started working at the plants. But again, the bulk, the bulk of business was state. At one time Central State Hospital had 13,000 patients. Now, you know how many people had to work there to support that. The youth development center had hundreds of boys and they had to have a lot of help. Then the prisons were out there. A lot our customers, although we did pick up some from J.P. Stevens and the like, we still had a base of state hospital people, of state employees.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/170048/file/308916#t=3935.0,3987.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/170048/file/308916/transcript/93533/annotation/211","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eBERMAN:\u003c/strong\u003e How long did your father continue to work in the store?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/170048/file/308916#t=3987.0,3994.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/170048/file/308916/transcript/93533/annotation/212","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eGOLDSTEIN:\u003c/strong\u003e My father, he still was trying to work when he passed away. But I would say in the late 1970’s. He had a wonderful mind. He had a wonderful sense of humor, and he could bring you down to earth so quick. On one occasion, I had been selected to be in Who's Who in the southeast. As a young fellow, I thought that was really something. I couldn't wait to tell my daddy. I said, “Daddy, you know, I had been selected to be in Who's Who in the Southeast.” He had a habit of looking over his glasses. He said, “You’d be a hell of a lot better if you knew what's what.”","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/170048/file/308916#t=3994.0,4046.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/170048/file/308916/transcript/93533/annotation/213","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eBERMAN:\u003c/strong\u003e Another good story. You always get me off track. What about your mother? Did she work in the store also?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/170048/file/308916#t=4046.0,4057.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/170048/file/308916/transcript/93533/annotation/214","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eGOLDSTEIN:\u003c/strong\u003e Yes, she did. Bless her heart. My mother worked in the store. She worked in the house. She was always a happy lady and she was a wonderful mother. We were extremely blessed with our mother and father.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/170048/file/308916#t=4057.0,4072.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/170048/file/308916/transcript/93533/annotation/215","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eBERMAN:\u003c/strong\u003e Your sister, what's her name?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/170048/file/308916#t=4072.0,4073.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/170048/file/308916/transcript/93533/annotation/216","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eGOLDSTEIN:\u003c/strong\u003e Mary.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/170048/file/308916#t=4073.0,4074.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/170048/file/308916/transcript/93533/annotation/217","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eBERMAN:\u003c/strong\u003e Did she work in the store?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/170048/file/308916#t=4074.0,4078.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/170048/file/308916/transcript/93533/annotation/218","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eGOLDSTEIN:\u003c/strong\u003e Yes, she did. Mary got married to a nice fella from New York that she had met when she went to Columbia. He opened a store; he had worked for Strauss Stores. I don't know if you know that name. I didn't, but there was a chain of automobile accessory stores. He opened a store like that in Anniston, Alabama. It was [near] an early time military big camp there, Fort McClellan. Then he got drafted, my sister couldn't run an automobile accessory store. She didn't know a carburetor from a generator. He had to sell out, he sold out. Then after the war, when he got discharged, we got him to stay in Milledgeville and come in the store with us.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/170048/file/308916#t=4078.0,4138.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/170048/file/308916/transcript/93533/annotation/219","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eBERMAN:\u003c/strong\u003e You were all in the store together?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/170048/file/308916#t=4138.0,4139.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/170048/file/308916/transcript/93533/annotation/220","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eGOLDSTEIN:\u003c/strong\u003e Yes, we were.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/170048/file/308916#t=4139.0,4140.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/170048/file/308916/transcript/93533/annotation/221","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eBERMAN:\u003c/strong\u003e A real family business?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/170048/file/308916#t=4140.0,4142.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/170048/file/308916/transcript/93533/annotation/222","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eGOLDSTEIN:\u003c/strong\u003e It was a family business and that's why we had to keep extending. For instance, when my father was running the business, there was no furniture. When we got in, we added furniture. Then we added appliances, then we added building material, and we did construction work and stuff like that to support that many families.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/170048/file/308916#t=4142.0,4167.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/170048/file/308916/transcript/93533/annotation/223","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eBERMAN:\u003c/strong\u003e What happened to the store sign?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/170048/file/308916#t=4167.0,4174.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/170048/file/308916/transcript/93533/annotation/224","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eGOLDSTEIN:\u003c/strong\u003e I sold it. Now who would buy a Goldstein’s sign? Goldstein's Department Store in Marietta, Georgia.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/170048/file/308916#t=4174.0,4183.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/170048/file/308916/transcript/93533/annotation/225","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eBERMAN:\u003c/strong\u003e I know them.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/170048/file/308916#t=4183.0,4185.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/170048/file/308916/transcript/93533/annotation/226","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eGOLDSTEIN:\u003c/strong\u003e They bought my sign.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/170048/file/308916#t=4185.0,4187.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/170048/file/308916/transcript/93533/annotation/227","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eBERMAN:\u003c/strong\u003e That's great. Do you miss the business?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/170048/file/308916#t=4187.0,4191.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/170048/file/308916/transcript/93533/annotation/228","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eGOLDSTEIN:\u003c/strong\u003e The business, maybe a little. I miss the people. As I told you earlier, they were friends. I still enjoy seeing them on the street or in a restaurant or something. But I do miss the friends. We had employees that were like family to me. I feel bad. An employee just called me recently, going to celebrate her 100th birthday. I couldn't go because we were going to a wedding or something, but I got to her 90th. But see, they were friends.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/170048/file/308916#t=4191.0,4228.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/170048/file/308916/transcript/93533/annotation/229","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eBERMAN:\u003c/strong\u003e I noticed your pin on your lapel, a Kiwanis pin.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/170048/file/308916#t=4228.0,4232.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/170048/file/308916/transcript/93533/annotation/230","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eGOLDSTEIN:\u003c/strong\u003e Yes.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/170048/file/308916#t=4232.0,4233.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/170048/file/308916/transcript/93533/annotation/231","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eBERMAN:\u003c/strong\u003e Were you active in different organizations like that in Milledgeville?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/170048/file/308916#t=4233.0,4236.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/170048/file/308916/transcript/93533/annotation/232","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eGOLDSTEIN:\u003c/strong\u003e Yes.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/170048/file/308916#t=4236.0,4237.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/170048/file/308916/transcript/93533/annotation/233","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eBERMAN:\u003c/strong\u003e Was that enjoyable for you? Was that your social…?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/170048/file/308916#t=4237.0,4241.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/170048/file/308916/transcript/93533/annotation/234","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eGOLDSTEIN:\u003c/strong\u003e Very much so. Kiwanis means a lot to me. I am proud to tell you I have 50 years of perfect attendance.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/170048/file/308916#t=4241.0,4248.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/170048/file/308916/transcript/93533/annotation/235","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eBERMAN:\u003c/strong\u003e That's amazing.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/170048/file/308916#t=4248.0,4249.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/170048/file/308916/transcript/93533/annotation/236","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eGOLDSTEIN:\u003c/strong\u003e That is amazing. But see, most people think that I attended Milledgeville's meeting for 50 years. That's not true. I made up meetings. You can make one up. I've made one when I was taking treatment for cancer. I made them up in Texas. When we went to Antarctica, I made one up on-board ship. I made them up all over the world.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/170048/file/308916#t=4249.0,4281.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/170048/file/308916/transcript/93533/annotation/237","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eBERMAN:\u003c/strong\u003e What does Kiwanis mean to you?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/170048/file/308916#t=4281.0,4283.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/170048/file/308916/transcript/93533/annotation/238","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eGOLDSTEIN:\u003c/strong\u003e It means an opportunity to have camaraderie and to work to help other people. We do a lot. We have Meals on Wheels. We do lot for children. We sponsor Key Clubs and K-Clubs that help young people develop. For instance, we had a program not long ago where we got up money to buy salt, salt for foreign countries. They don't have salt and it helps them with their health problems. Just a little bit of salt. But we've furnished it all over the world. Yes, it's satisfying to be a part, a small part, but a part of that.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/170048/file/308916#t=4283.0,4333.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/170048/file/308916/transcript/93533/annotation/239","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eBERMAN:\u003c/strong\u003e You mentioned your son, Fred.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/170048/file/308916#t=4333.0,4336.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/170048/file/308916/transcript/93533/annotation/240","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eGOLDSTEIN:\u003c/strong\u003e Our grandson.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/170048/file/308916#t=4336.0,4337.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/170048/file/308916/transcript/93533/annotation/241","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eBERMAN:\u003c/strong\u003e Grandson Fred, how many children do you have?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/170048/file/308916#t=4337.0,4340.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/170048/file/308916/transcript/93533/annotation/242","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eGOLDSTEIN:\u003c/strong\u003e We had two when we lost one daughter with cancer.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/170048/file/308916#t=4340.0,4343.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/170048/file/308916/transcript/93533/annotation/243","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eBERMAN:\u003c/strong\u003e I'm very sorry.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/170048/file/308916#t=4343.0,4344.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/170048/file/308916/transcript/93533/annotation/244","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eGOLDSTEIN:\u003c/strong\u003e Yes, other than that, Maxine and I have been extremely blessed. That is a blow. But I'll tell you something good that came from that. When she was taking treatment in Texas, there was a little closet, literally a closet that had brochures and things, and occasionally some little giveaway something. From that seed we came up with the idea to have a Harriet's Closet in Milledgeville. We went to the hospital with the ideas and they were very receptive. The Hadassah and the Women's Club joined us. We had a raffle and raised $34,000 and opened what we call Harriet's Closet. They gave us one room like a patient's room in the hospital, in which we put wigs, t-shirts. You know what? That did so well they gave us an adjoining room. That went so well the hospital built us a little building that is Harriet's Closet.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/170048/file/308916#t=4344.0,4416.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/170048/file/308916/transcript/93533/annotation/245","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eBERMAN:\u003c/strong\u003e That's a wonderful story, wonderful story. We're getting up to the present. How are you enjoying retirement?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/170048/file/308916#t=4416.0,4428.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/170048/file/308916/transcript/93533/annotation/246","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eGOLDSTEIN:\u003c/strong\u003e I'm not quite sure I've completely retired, but I'm enjoying it. Maxine says she took me better, worse, but not for lunch. I've had an office downtown since we closed the store, but I'm really now in the process of closing that. If our store was open, it would be well over 100 years.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/170048/file/308916#t=4428.0,4451.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/170048/file/308916/transcript/93533/annotation/247","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eBERMAN:\u003c/strong\u003e That's a wonderful story, and this has been a fantastic interview, and I thank you very much.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/170048/file/308916#t=4451.0,4457.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/170048/file/308916/transcript/93533/annotation/248","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eGOLDSTEIN:\u003c/strong\u003e Thank you.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/170048/file/308916#t=4457.0,4458.0"}]},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/170048/file/308916/annotation_set/2511","type":"AnnotationPage","label":{"en":["Annotations [Transcript]"]},"items":[{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/170048/file/308916/annotation_set/2511/annotation/249","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eMilledgeville is a city in Baldwin County in the U.S. state of Georgia. It is northeast of Macon and bordered on the east by the Oconee River. Milledgeville is also home to the Central State Hospital, which has been in continuous operation since December 1842. The state hospital has also been known as the Georgia State Sanitarium and Milledgeville State Hospital.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/170048/file/308916#t=0.0,25.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/170048/file/308916/annotation_set/2511/annotation/250","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe William Breman Jewish Heritage Museum in Atlanta celebrates and commemorates Jewish history, culture, and art through events and museum spaces. The Breman also contains the Cuba Family Archives for Southern Jewish History, which houses thousands of manuscripts, oral histories, and photograph collections, related to southern Jewish history and the Holocaust.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/170048/file/308916#t=0.0,25.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/170048/file/308916/annotation_set/2511/annotation/251","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eCelia Goldstein (1888-1974) was born in Russia and immigrated to the United States, settling in Milledgeville, Georgia, with her husband, Abe Goldstein. She helped operate her husband’s business C. Goldstein and Sons, a department and wholesale business. She had three children, Israel \"Sonny\", Jacob, and Mary Stone.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/170048/file/308916#t=37.0,132.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/170048/file/308916/annotation_set/2511/annotation/252","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eAbe Goldstein (1891-1974) was born in Russia and immigrated to the United States, settling in Milledgeville, Georgia. He started C. Goldstein and Sons, a department and wholesale business. He was a Mason and a Shriner. Abe was married to Celia and they had a daughter, Mary and two sons, Israel and Jacob.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/170048/file/308916#t=37.0,132.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/170048/file/308916/annotation_set/2511/annotation/253","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eBaltimore is the most populous city in the U.S. state of Maryland, as well as the 30th most populous city in the United States, with an estimated population of 593,490 in 2019. Founded in 1729, Baltimore has a long history as an important seaport.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/170048/file/308916#t=37.0,132.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/170048/file/308916/annotation_set/2511/annotation/254","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eShul\u003c/em\u003e is a Yiddish word for synagogue that is derived from a German word meaning “school,” and emphasizes the synagogue's role as a place of study.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/170048/file/308916#t=37.0,132.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/170048/file/308916/annotation_set/2511/annotation/255","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eMacon, Georgia is located in central Georgia. It is officially known as Macon-Bibb County, a consolidated city-county. The city was settled on what was originally the site of the Ocmulgee Old Fields, where the Creek Indian lived in the 18\u003csup\u003eth\u003c/sup\u003e century. In 1809, Fort Benjamin Hawkins was built on what would officially become Macon in 1823. During the Civil War, the city was spared by Union General William Tecumseh Sherman on his march to sea.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/170048/file/308916#t=37.0,132.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/170048/file/308916/annotation_set/2511/annotation/256","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eIn 1913, Jewish factory superintendent Leo Max Frank (1884-1915) was accused of raping and murdering a 13-year-old girl from Marietta named Mary Phagan at Atlanta’s National Pencil Company. Frank was arrested, tried, convicted and sentenced to death for her murder. The trial was the catalyst for a great outburst of antisemitism led by the populist Tom Watson and the center of powerful class and political interests. Frank was sent to Milledgeville State Penitentiary to await his execution. After two years of failed appeals by Frank, Governor John M. Slaton, believing there had been a miscarriage of justice, commuted his sentence to life in prison. This prompted the “Knights of Mary Phagan,” a group of 25 prominent men—including ex-Governor Joseph M. Brown, Judge Newton Augustus Morris, Solicitor General Eugene Herbert Clay, Legislator John Tucker Dorsey, businessman Bolan Glover Brumby, and attorney Fred Morris—to put a highly organized plan into motion. Telling their wives they were going fishing, they caravanned to the state prison in Milledgeville, Georgia. They stormed the prison with guns, and meeting no resistance from the prison staff, kidnapped Frank from his cell, and drove him the 100 miles back to Frey’s Gin, a site about two miles east of Marietta Square. At 7:05 on the morning of August 17, 1915, the men, assisted by other farmers and merchants hung Frank from a large oak tree. An increasingly unruly crowd of 3,000 men, women and children soon gathered to celebrate, some taking pieces of the rope and Frank's clothing as souvenirs. Undertakers had to wrestle Frank’s body away before it could be further battered. Ironically, Judge Morris, who had kicked the table out from under Frank’s feet at the lynching, was credited with bringing calm to the scene as the body was taken away. Despite the perpetrators’ well-known identities, none were ever indicted and their family names still resonate in high places and adorn prominent buildings across Georgia. Decades later, it was revealed that witness Jim Conley had committed the murder and framed Frank. Consequently, on March 11, 1986, the State of Georgia granted Frank a posthumous pardon, acknowledging the state's failure to protect him, though it stopped short of a full exoneration.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/170048/file/308916#t=279.0,350.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/170048/file/308916/annotation_set/2511/annotation/257","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eLucille Selig Frank (1888-1957) was the wife of Leo Frank, the only Jewish man ever to be hanged for criminal punishment in the United States. During the infamous Leo Frank case, his wife Lucille became a national figure when he went on trial for the murder of Mary Phagan in Atlanta in 1913. After his conviction, his wife led a campaign to save him from execution. Historians believe that much of her work lead to Governor Slaton commuting Leo's sentence from death to life in prison. (However, a mob broke him out of prison and lynched him.) Even at the time of her death in 1957, the Frank case was still an emotional issue in Georgia, and a proper funeral could not be held for her. Forty-five years after her death, it was revealed that in the early 1960's, family members quietly took her ashes to Oakland Cemetery and buried them at her parents' gravesite. The Broadway play \"Parade\" is based on the relationship between Leo and Lucille. She never remarried after his death.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/170048/file/308916#t=410.0,415.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/170048/file/308916/annotation_set/2511/annotation/258","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eJim Crow laws were state and local laws in the United States enacted between 1876 and 1965. The name seems to have originated in the song “Jump Jim Crow,” a song-and-dance caricature of Blacks performed by white actor Thomas D. Rice in Blackface in 1832. As a result of Rice’s fame, “Jim Crow” became a pejorative expression meaning “Negro” by 1838 and the later segregation laws became known as “Jim Crow” laws. Jim Crow laws mandated racial segregation in all public facilities in the southern states of the former Confederacy, with a supposedly “separate but equal” status for Black Americans, although in reality this was not so. Some examples of Jim Crow laws are the segregation of public schools, places, and public transportation and the segregation of restrooms, restaurants and drinking fountains for whites and Blacks. Private businesses, political parties, and unions created their own Jim Crow arrangements, barring Blacks from buying homes in certain neighborhoods, from shopping or working in certain stores, from working at certain trades, etc. In the middle twentieth century, the Supreme Court began to overturn Jim Crow laws on constitutional grounds. Rosa Parks defied the Jim Crow laws when she refused to give up her seat on a bus to a white man, which became a catalyst to the Civil Rights movement. Her actions, and the demonstrations that followed, led to a series of legislative and court decisions that contributed to undermining the Jim Crow system. The Civil Rights Act of 1964 officially ended Jim Crow segregation laws.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/170048/file/308916#t=429.0,447.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/170048/file/308916/annotation_set/2511/annotation/259","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eA term primarily used for a rural poor white person of the Southern United States. It can also be used as derogatory slang referring to white Southern conservatives. It originally characterized farmers who had red necks caused by sunburn from hours working in the fields.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/170048/file/308916#t=555.0,701.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/170048/file/308916/annotation_set/2511/annotation/260","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eAkron is a city in Summit County, Ohio. It is located in Northeast Ohio along the Little Cuyahoga River. It is the fifth-most populous city in Ohio. The Akron metropolitan area has an estimated 702,000 residents.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/170048/file/308916#t=555.0,701.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/170048/file/308916/annotation_set/2511/annotation/261","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eAdolf Hitler (1889-1945) was a German politician who was the leader of the Nazi Party, Chancellor of Germany from 1933 to 1945, and Führer (“leader”) of Nazi Germany from 1934 to 1945. As dictator of Nazi Germany, he initiated World War II in Europe with the invasion of Poland in September 1939 and was a central figure of the Holocaust.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/170048/file/308916#t=555.0,701.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/170048/file/308916/annotation_set/2511/annotation/262","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eGeorgia Military College (GMC) is a public military junior college in Milledgeville, Georgia. It was founded in 1879. The school is divided into a junior college, military junior college, high school, middle school, and elementary school. It was originally known as the Middle Georgia Military and Agricultural College until 1900. In addition to the main campus in Milledgeville, GMC has seven other campus locations in Georgia.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/170048/file/308916#t=702.0,710.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/170048/file/308916/annotation_set/2511/annotation/263","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe Battle of Midway was a major naval battle in the Pacific Theater of World War II that took place on 4–7 June 1942, six months after Japan's attack on Pearl Harbor and one month after the Battle of the Coral Sea. The Japanese Combined Fleet under the command of Isoroku Yamamoto suffered a decisive defeat by two carrier strike groups of the U.S. Pacific Fleet near Midway Atoll. Yamamoto had intended to capture Midway and lure out and destroy the U.S. Pacific Fleet, especially the aircraft carriers which had escaped damage at Pearl Harbor.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/170048/file/308916#t=714.0,795.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/170048/file/308916/annotation_set/2511/annotation/264","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe United States Army Central, formally known as the Third United States Army is a military formation of the United States Army. The formation saw service in World War I, World War II, the 1991 Gulf War, and the Iraq War. It is best known for World War II campaigns under the command of General George S. Patton.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/170048/file/308916#t=714.0,795.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/170048/file/308916/annotation_set/2511/annotation/265","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eAhavath Achim Synagogue (often referred to as \"AA\") was founded as an Orthodox congregation in 1887 in a small room on Gilmer Street. In 1901 they moved to a permanent building at the corner of Piedmont Avenue and Gilmer Street. In 1921, the congregation constructed a synagogue at Washington Street and Woodward Avenue. It joined the Conservative movement in 1952. The final service in the Washington Street building was held in 1958 to make way for construction of the Downtown Connector (the concurrent section of Interstate 75 and Interstate 85 through Atlanta). The synagogue moved to its current location on Peachtree Battle Avenue in 1958. As of 2022, Ahavath Achim is the largest Conservative synagogue in the Atlanta area and its current Senior Rabbi is Laurence Rosenthal.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/170048/file/308916#t=866.0,879.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/170048/file/308916/annotation_set/2511/annotation/266","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eDecatur, Georgia is a community northeast of Atlanta. It is the county seat of DeKalb County and was incorporated in 1823.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/170048/file/308916#t=893.0,949.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/170048/file/308916/annotation_set/2511/annotation/267","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe Holocaust was the systematic, government-sponsored attempt by the German Nazi government to annihilate the Jews of Europe between 1939 and 1945, which resulted in the deaths of 6,000,000 Jews.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/170048/file/308916#t=893.0,949.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/170048/file/308916/annotation_set/2511/annotation/268","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eKashrut\u003c/em\u003e is a set of dietary laws dealing with the foods that Jews are permitted to eat and how those foods must be prepared according to Jewish law. Food that may be consumed is deemed kosher, from the Ashkenazi pronunciation of the Hebrew term \u003cem\u003ekashér\u003c/em\u003e, meaning \"fit\" (in this context, \"fit for consumption\"). In colloquial English, kosher often means \"legitimate,\" \"acceptable,\" \"permissible,\" \"genuine,\" or \"authentic.\"\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/170048/file/308916#t=1027.0,1032.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/170048/file/308916/annotation_set/2511/annotation/269","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan\u003eAugusta, Georgia is located on the South Carolina border and sits on the Savannah River across from North Augusta, South Carolina. The city was founded in 1736 and named for Princess Augusta of Saxe-Gotha, the wife of Frederick, Prince of Wales. Today the city is known for hosting The Masters golf tournament every spring at Augusta National Golf Club.\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/170048/file/308916#t=1035.0,1086.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/170048/file/308916/annotation_set/2511/annotation/270","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eThe New York Times\u003c/em\u003e is an American daily newspaper, founded and continuously published in New York City since September 18, 1851.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/170048/file/308916#t=1205.0,1305.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/170048/file/308916/annotation_set/2511/annotation/271","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe American Civil War, widely known in the United States as the “Civil War” or the “War Between the States,” was fought from 1861 to 1865 to determine the survival of the Union or independence for the Confederacy. In January 1861, seven Southern slave states declared their secession from the United States and formed the Confederate States of America. The Confederacy, often called the “South,” grew to include 11 states, and although they claimed 13 states and additional western territories, the Confederacy was never diplomatically recognized by a foreign country. The states that did not declare secession were known as the “Union” or the “North.” The war had its origin in the issue of slavery. After four years of bloody combat, which left over 600,000 Union and Confederate soldiers dead and destroyed much of the South's infrastructure, the Confederacy collapsed, slavery was abolished, and the difficult Reconstruction process of restoring national unity and granting civil rights to freed slaves began.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/170048/file/308916#t=1339.0,1346.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/170048/file/308916/annotation_set/2511/annotation/272","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe \u003cem\u003eSouthern Israelite\u003c/em\u003e, now the \u003cem\u003eAtlanta Jewish Times\u003c/em\u003e, is a newspaper with the mission to create a sense of community throughout the geographically dispersed Jewish people of greater Atlanta through the timely dissemination of local and national news; support of local synagogue, nonprofit, and cultural endeavors and events; thought-provoking dialogue and debate on current issues and Jewish ideas; and the strengthening of the bonds and understanding of Jewish culture, tradition, and family.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/170048/file/308916#t=1354.0,1397.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/170048/file/308916/annotation_set/2511/annotation/273","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe Confederate States of America, commonly referred to as the Confederate States, the Confederacy, or the South, was an unrecognized breakaway republic in the Southern United States that existed from February 8, 1861, to May 9, 1865. The Confederacy comprised eleven U.S. states that declared secession and warred against the United States during the American Civil War. The states were South Carolina, Mississippi, Florida, Alabama, Georgia, Louisiana, Texas, Virginia, Arkansas, Tennessee, and North Carolina. With Lincoln's election as President of the United States, the southern states were convinced their slavery-based plantation economy was threatened, and began to secede from the Union. The Civil War began on April 12, 1861, when the South Carolina militia attacked Fort Sumter. After four years of heavy fighting, nearly all Confederate land and naval forces either surrendered or otherwise ceased hostilities by May 1865. Confederate President Davis's administration declared the Confederacy dissolved on May 5. After the war, during the Reconstruction era, the Confederate states were readmitted to the Congress after each ratified the 13th Amendment to the U.S. Constitution outlawing slavery.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/170048/file/308916#t=1354.0,1397.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/170048/file/308916/annotation_set/2511/annotation/274","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eGeorgia College and State University is a public liberal arts university in Milledgeville, Georgia. The college was chartered in 1889 as the Georgia Normal and Industrial College. Initially, the college prepared young women for teaching and industrial careers. In 1917, the school started offering four year degrees. In 1922, the school was renamed the Georgia State College for Women. The school became co-ed in 1967, and in 1996 the name was changed to Georgia College and State University. The site where the college sits was once the site of the Georgia Penitentiary at Milledgeville, which opened in 1816 and closed in 1869.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/170048/file/308916#t=1354.0,1397.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/170048/file/308916/annotation_set/2511/annotation/275","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eCharlie Bonner Jones (1924-2010) was a native of Milledgeville, Georgia. He graduated from Georgia Military College (GMC), where he earned the rank of Battalion Commander. He served in the US Army during World War II. In 1948, he graduated from the University of Georgia with a degree in Forestry. Bonner worked for the Georgia Forestry Commission and later became president of Oconee Wood. He was a partner in J \u0026amp; H Timber and worked as a forestry consultant. He was Eagle Scout and active with various forestry associations. He served on GMC’s board of trustees. He was married to Lena Nash, and they had two sons.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/170048/file/308916#t=1354.0,1397.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/170048/file/308916/annotation_set/2511/annotation/276","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eA chamber of commerce is a local association to promote and protect the interests of the business community in a particular town or state.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/170048/file/308916#t=1427.0,1595.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/170048/file/308916/annotation_set/2511/annotation/277","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eJoseph Emerson Brown (1821-1894), often referred to as Joe Brown, was an American attorney and politician, serving as the 42nd Governor of Georgia from 1857 to 1865, the only governor to serve four terms. He also served as a United States Senator from that state from 1880 to 1891. A former Whig and a firm believer in slavery and Southern states' rights, Brown was a leading secessionist in 1861 and led his state into the Confederacy. Yet he also defied the Confederate government's wartime policies.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/170048/file/308916#t=1427.0,1595.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/170048/file/308916/annotation_set/2511/annotation/278","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eIsrael “Sonny” Goldstein (1919-2001) was a native of Milledgeville, Georgia and son of Abe and Celia Goldstein. He attended Georgia Military College and the University of Georgia. Sonny served in the US Army Air Corps during World War II. He worked in the family business, C. Goldstein \u0026amp; Sons, Inc. and later operated Gardner \u0026amp; Goldstein, a real estate development company with Milton Gardner. He was a member of Temple Beth Israel in Macon, Georgia. He and his wife Hilda had one daughter.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/170048/file/308916#t=1824.0,1868.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/170048/file/308916/annotation_set/2511/annotation/279","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eWalmart Inc. (formerly Wal-Mart Stores, Inc.) is an American multinational retail corporation that operates a chain of hypermarkets (also called supercenters), discount department stores, and grocery stores in the United States and 23 other countries. It is headquartered in Bentonville, Arkansas. The company was founded in 1962 by brothers Sam and James \"Bud\" Walton in Rogers, Arkansas.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/170048/file/308916#t=1911.0,1938.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/170048/file/308916/annotation_set/2511/annotation/280","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan\u003eA severe worldwide economic downturn known as the Great Depression began in the United States in 1929. It was the longest, most widespread, and deepest depression of the 20th century with far-reaching effects around the globe, especially in Europe. In Europe, World War I had a long-term impact on the economy and financial stability. Postwar inflation spiraled into hyperinflation by the 1920’s and European banks struggled to stay open. Exasperating the situation were skyrocketing unemployment rates. The Great Depression had immediately visible political and social ramifications in Europe, including increased antisemitism and nationalism.\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/170048/file/308916#t=2038.0,2115.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/170048/file/308916/annotation_set/2511/annotation/281","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eCentral State Hospital (CSH) in Milledgeville, Georgia opened in 1842 as Georgia’s first public psychiatric hospital. CSH services include psychiatric evaluation; treatment and recovery services for persons referred from various components of the state’s criminal justice and corrections systems.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/170048/file/308916#t=2038.0,2115.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/170048/file/308916/annotation_set/2511/annotation/282","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eWorld War II (abbreviated WWII or WW2) was a global war involving fighting in most of the world and most countries. Most countries fought in the years 1939–1945 but some started fighting in 1937. Most of the world's countries, including all the great powers, fought as part of two military alliances: the Allies and the Axis Powers. World War II was the largest and deadliest conflict in all of history. It involved more countries, cost more money, involved more people, and killed more people than any other war in history. Between 50 to 85 million people died. The majority were civilians. It included massacres, the deliberate genocide of the Holocaust, strategic bombing, starvation, disease, and the only use of nuclear weapons against civilians in history.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/170048/file/308916#t=2205.0,2306.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/170048/file/308916/annotation_set/2511/annotation/283","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eRheem Manufacturing Company is a privately held manufacturer that produces residential and commercial heating, cooling, water heating, pool \u0026amp; spa heating, and commercial refrigeration products and solutions. The company also produces and sells products under the Ruud brand name. Rheem is headquartered in Atlanta, Georgia, and is an independent subsidiary of Paloma Industries.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/170048/file/308916#t=2205.0,2306.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/170048/file/308916/annotation_set/2511/annotation/284","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eSteyr is a statutory city, located in the Austrian state of Upper Austria. It is the administrative capital, though not part of the Steyr-Land District. Steyr is Austria's twelfth-most-populated town and the third-largest city in Upper Austria. The city has a long history as a manufacturing center and has given its name to several manufacturers headquartered there, such as the former Steyr-Daimler-Puch conglomerate and its successor Steyr Motors.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/170048/file/308916#t=2325.0,2479.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/170048/file/308916/annotation_set/2511/annotation/285","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eCamp Wheeler was a US Army base near Macon, Georgia. It served as a staging location for many US Army units during World War I and World War II. It was named for Joseph Wheeler, a general of the Confederate States of America’s Amry and in the US Army during the Spanish-American War. During World War II, the camp had a 1,000-bed hospital and prisoner-of-war camp. The camp was closed in 1946.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/170048/file/308916#t=2325.0,2479.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/170048/file/308916/annotation_set/2511/annotation/286","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003ePearl Harbor is located on the island of Oahu, Hawaii, west of Honolulu. Much of the harbor and surrounding lands is a United States Navy deep-water naval base. It is also the headquarters of the United States Pacific Fleet. On December 7, 1941 the Japanese surprised the United States by attacking the United States’ fleet, which was docked in Pearl Harbor. Just before 8 a.m. on that Sunday morning, hundreds of Japanese planes descended on the base, where they managed to destroy or damage nearly 20 American naval vessels, including eight battleships, and over 300 airplanes. More than 2,400 Americans died in the attack, including civilians, and another 1,000 people were wounded. The surprise attack on Pearl Harbor was the beginning of World War II for the United States, which until that time had remained neutral. A few days later, Germany declared war on the United States as well and we began fighting in the Pacific and Europe.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/170048/file/308916#t=2479.0,2488.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/170048/file/308916/annotation_set/2511/annotation/287","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eAlso known as the Ardennes Offensive (December 16, 1944 - January 25, 1945), the Battle of the Bulge was a major German offensive launched toward the end of World War II through the densely forested Ardennes mountain region in Belgium. Hitler threw everything he had into trying to drive the Allies back and stopping their advance out of Normandy, France. The Germans achieved nearly complete surprise during a period of heavy overcast weather, which grounded the Allies’ air forces. The Germans nearly broke through (“the Bulge”) the Allied lines. Nearly 19,000 Allied troops were killed and 62,000 wounded and 26,000 missing or captured. The Germans suffered nearly 85,000 casualties before they were pushed back. It was the largest and bloodiest battle fought in World War II.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/170048/file/308916#t=2595.0,2617.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/170048/file/308916/annotation_set/2511/annotation/288","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe Rhine River is one of the major European rivers, which has its sources in Switzerland and flows in a mostly northerly direction through Germany and the Netherlands, emptying into the North Sea. The Allies planned multiple Rhine crossings as part of their strategy to encircle and capture the Ruhr, the industrial center of western Germany, and conquer Germany. In March 1945, British and American troops successfully carried out multiple river assaults. By the end of March, all four US armies fighting in Western Europe were east of the Rhine. While the First and Ninth armies encircled the Ruhr, the Third and Seventh Armies moved into central and southern Germany.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/170048/file/308916#t=2625.0,2761.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/170048/file/308916/annotation_set/2511/annotation/289","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eWels is a city in Upper Austria, on the Traun River near Linz. It is the county seat of Wels-Land, and with a population of 65,482, it is the eighth-largest city in Austria.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/170048/file/308916#t=2625.0,2761.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/170048/file/308916/annotation_set/2511/annotation/290","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan\u003eGunskirchen was a subcamp of the Mauthausen concentration camp in Austria, located about 60 kilometers southwest of the main camp. Construction of the Gunskirchen camp began in December 1944. Originally intended to house several hundred slave laborers, when the camp was opened in April 1945, thousands of prisoners evacuated on death marches from Mauthausen started to flood Gunskirchen. In these overcrowded conditions, diseases such as typhus and dysentery spread rapidly through the starving and weakened camp population. The prisoners were—with the exception of 400 political prisoners—Jews from Hungary whom the Germans had forced to march on foot from their homeland to Austria, where they were to be used for forced labor. Some 17,000 Hungarian Jews reportedly passed through the Gunskirchen camp. Troops of the 71st Infantry Division entered the camp on May 4, 1945. The SS guards had fled the corpse-littered camp days before. Some 15,000 prisoners were still in the camp. In the months following the liberation, some 1,500 former prisoners died as a consequence of their mistreatment by the Nazis.\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/170048/file/308916#t=2625.0,2761.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/170048/file/308916/annotation_set/2511/annotation/291","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eDeveloped in 1938, the C-Ration, or Type C ration, was a prepared and canned wet combat ration intended to be issued to U.S. military land forces when fresh food (A-ration) or packaged unprepared food (B-ration) prepared in mess halls or field kitchens was not possible or not available, and when a survival ration (K-ration or D-ration) was insufficient.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/170048/file/308916#t=2625.0,2761.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/170048/file/308916/annotation_set/2511/annotation/292","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eMaxine Shapiro Goldstein (b. 1926) was born and raised in Augusta, Georgia. Her parents were Sadie and Harry Shapiro. She attended Augusta Junior College and the University of Georgia. Maxine was married to Jacob Goldstein of Milledgeville, Georgia for 66 years, and they had two daughters, Harriet and Marcia. She was very active with various community organizations and was a strong supporter of the Democratic party.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/170048/file/308916#t=2625.0,2761.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/170048/file/308916/annotation_set/2511/annotation/293","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe Society of Jesus, also known as the Jesuit Order or the Jesuits, is a religious order of clerics regular of pontifical right for men in the Catholic Church. Headquartered in Rome, it was founded in 1540 by Ignatius of Loyola and six companions, with the approval of Pope Paul III. The Society of Jesus is the largest Catholic religious male order and has played a significant role in education, charity, humanitarian acts, and global policies. Jesuits are engaged in evangelization and apostolic ministry in 112 countries, including education, research, and cultural pursuits. They also conduct retreats, minister in hospitals and parishes, sponsor direct social and humanitarian works, and promote ecumenical dialogue.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/170048/file/308916#t=2778.0,2860.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/170048/file/308916/annotation_set/2511/annotation/294","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eGeneral Willard Gordon Wyman (1898-1969) was a senior United States Army officer who served as Commanding General of Continental Army Command from 1956 to 1958.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/170048/file/308916#t=3055.0,3143.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/170048/file/308916/annotation_set/2511/annotation/295","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe K-ration was an individual daily combat food ration that was introduced by the United States Army during World War II. It was originally intended as an individually packaged daily ration for issue to airborne troops, tank crews, motorcycle couriers, and other mobile forces for short durations. It was developed in 1941 under the direction of the physiologist Ancel Keys (hence the name “K”).\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/170048/file/308916#t=3055.0,3143.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/170048/file/308916/annotation_set/2511/annotation/296","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eHermann Goering [German: Göring] (1893-1946) was a German politician, military leader, and leading member of the Nazi party (NSDAP). A member of the Nazi Party from its early days, Goering was one of Hitler’s inner circle during the Nazi years. Goering was wounded in 1923, during the failed \u003cem\u003ecoup\u003c/em\u003e known as the “Beer Hall Putsch.” He became permanently addicted to morphine after being treated with the drug for his injuries. After helping Hitler take power in 1933, he became the second-most powerful man in Germany. He founded the \u003cem\u003eGestapo\u003c/em\u003e (German secret police) in 1933, and later gave command of it to Heinrich Himmler. In 1935, he became commander-in-chief of the \u003cem\u003eLuftwaffe\u003c/em\u003e (German air force) but fell from grace when the German air force was decimated by the Allied forces. He was also responsible for the economy in the buildup to World War II. Goering was known for his acquisition of property and artwork stolen from Jewish victims of the Holocaust. In 1941 Hitler had appointed Goering as his successor, but after his fall from grace, in the last days of the Third Reich, Hitler selected Admiral Karl Doenitz (German: Dönitz) instead. Goering was captured, put on trial in the Nuremberg in 1946, convicted, and sentenced to be hung. Goering, however, had managed to smuggle a cyanide capsule into the prison, which he took, committing suicide before he could be hung. Goering’s first wife was Carin Fock. She was already married to Baron Niels Gustav von Kantzow when they met. She divorced Kantzow and married Goering in 1923. She died in 1931. Goering made a shrine to her in their home, Carinhall.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/170048/file/308916#t=3211.0,3239.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/170048/file/308916/annotation_set/2511/annotation/297","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eSeder \u003c/em\u003e[Hebrew: order] is a Jewish ritual feast that marks the beginning of the Jewish holiday of Passover. It is conducted on the evening of the fifteenth day of \u003cem\u003eNisan\u003c/em\u003e in the Hebrew calendar throughout the world. Some communities hold \u003cem\u003eseder\u003c/em\u003e on both the first two nights of Passover. The \u003cem\u003eseder\u003c/em\u003e incorporates prayers, candle lighting, and traditional foods symbolizing the slavery of the Jews and the exodus from Egypt. It is one of the most colorful and joyous occasions in Jewish life.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/170048/file/308916#t=3269.0,3273.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/170048/file/308916/annotation_set/2511/annotation/298","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eRosh\u003c/em\u003e \u003cem\u003eHaShanah\u003c/em\u003e [Hebrew: head of the year] begins the cycle of High Holy Days. It introduces the Ten Days of Penitence, when Jews examine their souls and take stock of their actions. On the tenth day is \u003cem\u003eYom\u003c/em\u003e \u003cem\u003eKippur\u003c/em\u003e, the Day of Atonement. The tradition is that on \u003cem\u003eRosh\u003c/em\u003e \u003cem\u003eHaShanah\u003c/em\u003e, G-d sits in judgment on humanity. Then the fate of every living creature is inscribed in the Book of Life or the Book of Death. Prayer and repentance before the sealing of the books on \u003cem\u003eYom\u003c/em\u003e \u003cem\u003eKippur\u003c/em\u003e may revoke these decisions.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/170048/file/308916#t=3273.0,3285.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/170048/file/308916/annotation_set/2511/annotation/299","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eAugsburg is a city in the Bavarian part of Swabia, Germany. It is a university town and the regional seat of the Regierungsbezirk Swabia with a well-preserved Altstadt (historical city center). Augsburg is an urban district and home to the institutions of the Landkreis Augsburg. It is the third-largest city in Bavaria (after Munich and Nuremberg).\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/170048/file/308916#t=3273.0,3285.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/170048/file/308916/annotation_set/2511/annotation/300","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eYom Kippur\u003c/em\u003e [Hebrew: day of atonement] is the most sacred day of the Jewish year. Most of the 25-hour fast day is spent in prayer, reciting yizkor for deceased relatives, confessing sins, requesting divine forgiveness, and listening to \u003cem\u003eTorah\u003c/em\u003e readings and sermons. People greet each other with the wish that they may be sealed in the heavenly book for a good year ahead. The day ends with the blowing of the \u003cem\u003eshofar\u003c/em\u003e (a ram’s horn).\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/170048/file/308916#t=3286.0,3324.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/170048/file/308916/annotation_set/2511/annotation/301","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eCamp Kilmer was located in central New Jersey. It was activated as a United States Army camp in June 1942 and served as a staging area and part of the New York Port of Embarkation. During WW II, the camp was the largest processing center for troops heading overseas and returning from the war. The camp was used for various purposes until it officially closed in 2009.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/170048/file/308916#t=3413.0,3416.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/170048/file/308916/annotation_set/2511/annotation/302","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe American Red Cross (ARC) is a humanitarian organization that provides emergency assistance, disaster relief and education in the United States. It is the designated United States affiliate of the International Federation of Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies. The ARC was founded in 1881 by Clara Barton.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/170048/file/308916#t=3422.0,3432.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/170048/file/308916/annotation_set/2511/annotation/303","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan\u003eFort Gordon, formerly known as Camp Gordon, is a United States Army installation established in October 1941. It is the current home of the United States Army Signal Corps. The United States Army established many war-training camps during World War I. Chamblee, a suburb northeast of Atlanta, was selected for one of the state's largest army cantonments. It is named after John Brown Gordon, a major general in the Confederate States Army during the Civil War.\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/170048/file/308916#t=3440.0,3465.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/170048/file/308916/annotation_set/2511/annotation/304","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe University of Georgia (UGA) is a public land grant university, which was founded in 1785 making it one of the oldest universities in the United States. Its main campus is in Athens, Georgia with two satellite campuses in Atlanta and Lawrenceville. It is the flagship school of the University System of Georgia.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/170048/file/308916#t=3539.0,3563.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/170048/file/308916/annotation_set/2511/annotation/305","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eArnold Alois Schwarzenegger (b. 1947) is an Austrian and American actor, businessman, politician, and former professional bodybuilder who served as the 38th governor of California from 2003 to 2011.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/170048/file/308916#t=3571.0,3677.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/170048/file/308916/annotation_set/2511/annotation/306","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eTau Epsilon Phi (ΤΕΦ, nicknamed “Tep”) is a college social fraternity founded by Jewish students at Columbia University in 1910. As of 2022, it has fifteen active chapters and five active colonies, with its oldest active chapter residing at the University of Georgia.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/170048/file/308916#t=3700.0,3701.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/170048/file/308916/annotation_set/2511/annotation/307","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eCarl Vinson (1883-1981) was an American politician from the state of Georgia. He was a Democrat and served for more than 50 years in the United States House of Representatives. He was known as \"The Father of the Two-Ocean Navy\". In 1931, Vinson became chairman of the House Naval Affairs Committee. Following World War II, the House Naval Affairs Committee was merged with the Military Affairs Committee to become the House Armed Services Committee. Vinson served as ranking minority member of the committee for two years before becoming Chairman in early 1949 and held this position, with the exception of two years in the early 1950’s, until his retirement in 1965. \u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/170048/file/308916#t=3774.0,3820.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/170048/file/308916/annotation_set/2511/annotation/308","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eJ. P. Stevens (1868-1929) was a merchant who founded J.P. Stevens, one of the biggest firms in the American textile industry. John Stevens started his career working for a Boston dry-goods commission house, Faulkner Page \u0026amp; Co., and by 1899, he had enough money to establish his own dry-goods commission house in New York City, named J.P. Stevens \u0026amp; Co.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/170048/file/308916#t=3881.0,3928.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/170048/file/308916/annotation_set/2511/annotation/309","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eWho's Who\u003c/em\u003e is the title of a number of reference publications, generally containing concise biographical information on a particular group of people.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/170048/file/308916#t=3994.0,4046.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/170048/file/308916/annotation_set/2511/annotation/310","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eMary Goldstein Stone (1914-1987) was a native of Milledgeville, Georgia and daughter of Abe and Celia Goldstein. She attended the Georgia State College for Women and earned a master’s degree from Columbia University. In 1937, she married Emanuel Stone and they had one daughter.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/170048/file/308916#t=4073.0,4074.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/170048/file/308916/annotation_set/2511/annotation/311","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eColumbia University is a private Ivy League university located in New York City. The university was founded in 1754 and was known as King’s College. It is the oldest higher education institution in New York and the fifth oldest in the United States.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/170048/file/308916#t=4078.0,4138.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/170048/file/308916/annotation_set/2511/annotation/312","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eAnniston, Alabama is located in northeastern part of the state and is the county seat of Calhoun County. The city sits on the slope of the Blue Mountains, part of the Appalachian Mountains. In 1961, during the Civil Rights Movement, a mob firebombed a bus filled with Freedom Riders just outside the city. The riders escaped the burning bus but were beaten by the mob. The site was designated Freedom Riders National Monument by President Obama in 2017.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/170048/file/308916#t=4078.0,4138.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/170048/file/308916/annotation_set/2511/annotation/313","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eFort McClellan, originally Camp McClellan, is a United States Army post located adjacent to the city of Anniston, Alabama. During World War II, it was one of the largest U.S. Army installations, training an estimated half-million troops. After the war, it became the home of the Military Police Corps, the Chemical Corps, and the Women's Army Corps. From 1975 until it was closed in 1999, Fort McClellan was home to the Military Police Corps and the One Station Unit Training (OSUT) Military Police School.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/170048/file/308916#t=4078.0,4138.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/170048/file/308916/annotation_set/2511/annotation/314","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eMarietta is a city located in central Cobb County, Georgia, northwest of Atlanta. Homes were built by early settlers near the Cherokee town of Big Shanty (now Kennesaw) before 1824. The Georgia General Assembly legally recognized the community in 1834. During the American Civil War, General William Tecumseh Sherman invaded the town during the Atlanta Campaign in summer 1864. General Hugh Kilpatrick set the town ablaze, the first strike in Sherman's March to the Sea. On August 17, 1915, Leo Frank was lynched in Marietta by an antisemitic mob that abducted him from prison. Frank was serving a life sentence for the murder of one of his factory workers, 13-year-old Mary Phagan. After a highly sensationalized trial, during which he was sentenced to death, his sentence was commuted to life imprisonment. In reaction to his lynching, Jewish activists created the Anti-Defamation League, to work to educate Americans about Jewish life and culture and to prevent antisemitism.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/170048/file/308916#t=4174.0,4183.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/170048/file/308916/annotation_set/2511/annotation/315","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eKiwanis International is an international service club that was founded in 1915 in Detroit, Michigan. It is headquartered in Indianapolis, Indiana. The organization is found in more than 80 nations and geographic areas. In 1987, the organization began accepting woman as members. The Kiwanis volunteers focused on improving the lives of children and their communities.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/170048/file/308916#t=4228.0,4232.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/170048/file/308916/annotation_set/2511/annotation/316","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eA program that delivers meals to individuals at home who are unable to purchase or prepare their own meals, especially focusing on senior citizens and other people at risk of experiencing hunger.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/170048/file/308916#t=4283.0,4333.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/170048/file/308916/annotation_set/2511/annotation/317","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eHadassah\u003c/em\u003e, the Women’s Zionist Organization of America, is a volunteer service organization founded in 1912 by Henrietta Szold. It currently has over 300,000 members and supporters worldwide.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/170048/file/308916#t=4344.0,4416.0"}]}]}]}