{"@context":"http://iiif.io/api/presentation/3/context.json","id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/iiif/804xg9gx24/manifest","type":"Manifest","label":{"en":["Esserman Family Reunion"]},"logo":"https://d9jk7wjtjpu5g.cloudfront.net/organizations/logo_images/000/000/082/original/TheBreman_SecondaryMark_Horizontal_Blue_Black.png?1713640889","metadata":[{"label":{"en":["Date"]},"value":{"en":["2024-04-14 (captured)"]}},{"label":{"en":["Agent"]},"value":{"en":["Rives, Jack (Interviewee)","Ingle, Fran Rives (Interviewee)","Esserman, Sandy (Interviewee)","Esserman, Neal (Interviewee)","Esserman, Eddie (Interviewee)","Levin, Ann (Interviewee)","Wachsteter, Paula Esserman (Interviewee)","Fishman, Casey (Interviewer)"]}},{"label":{"en":["Format"]},"value":{"en":["Video"]}},{"label":{"en":["Source"]},"value":{"en":["William Breman Jewish Heritage Museum","Esther and Herbert Taylor Jewish Oral History Collection"]}},{"label":{"en":["Description"]},"value":{"en":["\u003cp\u003eJack Rives, Fran Ingles, Sandy Esserman, Neal Esserman, Eddie Esserman, Ann Levin, and Paula Wachsteter were interviewed by Casey Fishman on April 14, 2024 in Rome, Georgia.\u003c/p\u003e (general)","\u003cp\u003eThe Esserman family in Rome, Georgia date back to the early 1890’s, when brothers Pressley and Joseph Esserman immigrated to the United States and settled in Rome. In 1896, they founded Esserman \u0026amp; Company, initially a dry goods store but it later became a retail clothing store. In 1898, they helped the rest of their family immigrate to the United States. The family included their parents, David and Lena Medelie Esserman and five younger brothers – Edward, Sam, Louie, Charles, and Harry. David served as the rabbi of Rodeph Shalom in Rome, Georgia from 1898-1916.\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\u003cp\u003e \u003c/p\u003e\r\n\u003cp\u003eEsserman \u0026amp; Company was a fixature in Rome from 1896 until 1987 when the store closed. The business was a family operation with many members of the Esserman family working at the store. Pressley’s sons Hyman and Ben took over from their father and later their brother-in-law, Jule Levin bought into the partnership of the store. The store was among the first in Rome to address black customer’s by “Mr.” and “Mrs.” Additionally, they did not have segregated dressing rooms or bathrooms and was the first store in Rome to employ black salespersons to assist white and black customers. The Esserman’s were also among the small group of Jewish residents in Rome. They were active in Rome’s synagogue, Rodeph Sholom.\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\u003cp\u003e \u003c/p\u003e\r\n\u003cp\u003eSix members of the Esserman family were interviewed at the Esserman Family Reunion, including Jack Rives, Fran Rives Ingle, Sandy Esserman, Neal Esserman, Eddie Esserman, Ann Levin, and Paula Esserman Wachsteter. They are all decedents of David and Lena Esserman and three of their sons – Joseph, Pressley, and Edward. Jack Rives and Fran Rives Ingle are the great-grandchildren of Joseph Esserman. Paula Esserman Wachsteter, Sandy Esserman, Neal Esserman, and Ann Levin are the grandchildren of Pressley and Anna Friedman Esserman. Eddie Esserman is the grandson of Edward Esserman.\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\u003cp\u003e \u003c/p\u003e\r\n\u003cp\u003eJack Rives and Fran Rives Ingle are the great-grandchildren of Joseph and Fannie Mendelson Esserman, and their grandparents were Morris and Hattie Esserman Rives. Fran was born in 1950 and Jack was born in 1952. Their parents were Joe and Betty Blumenfeld Rives, and they have two additional siblings, Steve and Beth. Fran and Jack grew up in Rockmart, Georgia. Their father operated The Famous Store, a clothing store in Rockmart. The store was originally started by his father-in-law, Isador Blumenfeld. The Rives along with their maternal grandparents, Isador and Martha Blumenfeld were the only Jewish families in Rockmart. Jack graduated from Darlington School and the University of Georgia, where is earned a bachelor’s and law degree. He served in the Navy and was Judge Advocate General. He later was the executive director of the American Bar Association. Fran graduated from school in Rockmart and attended the University of Georgia.\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\u003cp\u003e \u003c/p\u003e\r\n\u003cp\u003ePaula Esserman Wachsteter and Sandy Esserman are the grandchildren of Pressley and Anna Friedman Esserman and the daughters of Hyman and Lillian Mintz Esserman. Paula was born in 1949 and Sandy was born in 1951. They grew up in Rome, Georgia and were active in Rodeph Sholom synagogue. Hyman, their father, was one of the owners of Esserman’s that was started by his father, Pressley and his uncle Joe. Paula graduated from East Rome High School and attended the University of Tampa. In 1968, she married Howard “Buzz” Wachsteter. They currently live in Rome, where they are active in the community. Sandy graduated from East Rome High School and graduated from the University of Florida where she earned her bachelor’s and master’s in education. She later earned a master’s in master’s in education administration from California State University. Sandy and her husband, Stephen McCurry live in Altadena, California.\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\u003cp\u003e \u003c/p\u003e\r\n\u003cp\u003eNeal Esserman is the grandson of Pressley and Anna Friedman Esserman, and the only child of Ben and Marion Weiss Esserman. Neal was born in 1950 and grew up in Rome, Georgia. His father, Ben, was one of the owners of Esserman’s that was started by Ben’s father, Pressley and his uncle Joe. Neal graduated from Darlington School and American University. He and his wife, Andrea, operate a retail consulting and planning firm. They live in Redondo Beach, California.\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\u003cp\u003e \u003c/p\u003e\r\n\u003cp\u003eEdward “Eddie” Esserman is the grandson of Edward and Yetta George Esserman, and the only child of Moses and Mindell Rothenberg Esserman. Eddie was born in Indianapolis, Indiana in 1949, but grew up in Rome, Georgia. After Moses’s death in 1956, Eddie and has mother returned to Rome, Georgia, where she and her husband grew up. Eddie graduated from Darlington School and Georgia Tech. He has worked in the broadcasting industry for over 40 years and owns a few small radio stations. Eddie was inducted into the Georgia Radio Hall of Fame in 2010. He and his wife, Denise live in St. Simons Island, Georgia.  \u003c/p\u003e\r\n\u003cp\u003e \u003c/p\u003e\r\n\u003cp\u003eAnn Levin is the granddaughter of Pressley and Anna Friedman Esserman and the oldest child of Jule and Rose Esserman Levin. Ann was born in 1945 and was raised in Rome, Georgia along with her younger sister, Ellen. Her parents married in 1940 and in 1942, Jule became a partner in Esserman’s. Ann’s parents were very active in the Jewish community and the larger Rome community. They were also very active in civil rights efforts during the 1950’s and 1960’s. Ann attended East Rome High School and Emory University. She later transferred to the University of Michigan, and after graduation worked as a teacher. In 1972, she married Larry Beeferman, and they live in Cambridge, Massachusetts.  \u003c/p\u003e\r\n\u003cp\u003e \u003c/p\u003e (bioghist)","\u003cp\u003eDescendants of the Esserman Family of Rome, Georgia were interviewed at the Esserman Family Reunion. Jack Rives and Fran Rives Ingle, siblings, started their interview by discussing growing up in Rockmart, Georgia. They shared a little background on their paternal grandmother, Hattie Esserman Rives, their father Joe Rives and their mother, Betty Sue. Jack talked about what it was like growing up as one of two Jewish families in Rockmart, and their parents operating The Famous Store. Fran mentioned their maternal grandparents were the other Jewish family in Rockmart. She also talked about learning what others thought of Jews and how their mother did presentation to educate people on Judaism. Jack reflected that he didn’t experience antisemitism in Rockmart and how their mother’s presentation on Judaism were well received. They remembered attending Sunday School at Rodeph Sholom in Rome and their learning Hebrew.\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\u003cp\u003e \u003c/p\u003e\r\n\u003cp\u003eFran and Jack recalled how they celebrated Jewish holidays. They both discussed how being one of two Jewish families in their community shaped them. Jack talked about their maternal grandparents being in the clothing store business and their father taking over the business. Both recounted their experience working at The Famous Store when they were kids. Fran shared a store about their father knowing people in the Ku Klux Klan. They finished their interview by remembering The Famous Store, their father donating gift certificates and merchandise during the Christmas season, and how working at the stored helped their math skills.\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\u003cp\u003e \u003c/p\u003e\r\n\u003cp\u003eCousins Neal Esserman and Sandy Esserman were interviewed second. Sandy discussed growing up in Rome and how her parents met. Neal shared that he grew up in Rome, as an only child, but recalled growing up with lots of cousins and a large close family. They reflected on being a minority group in Rome. They remembered celebrating Jewish holidays with their extended family and what the event was like for them as kids. Neal shared a favorite memory from his childhood about being injured and going to his Aunt Rose’s house for help. Neal discussed his parents and how they met. He talked briefly about returning to Rome after he left for college. Sandy shared a childhood memory about her excitement to get the National Geographic magazine and it showing her the larger world that could be explored.\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\u003cp\u003e \u003c/p\u003e\r\n\u003cp\u003eThey reflected on what Rodeph Sholom synagogue was like growing up, and how it felt like an extended family to them. They discussed the rabbis that served at the synagogue and memories of Oneg Shabbat. They also reflected on their memories of the Esserman store and how everyone knew them in the Rome community. They described knowing they were the minority and Hyman Esserman and Jule Levin educating people about Judaism. Neal recalled a story from his father, Ben, on how farmers felt safe leaving their years earning in the Esserman store safe. Sandy finished the interview by reflecting on the atmosphere of Rodeph Sholom and her wonderful memories of it.\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\u003cp\u003e \u003c/p\u003e\r\n\u003cp\u003eEddie Esserman was the third interview, and he began the interview talking about his parents and their growing up in Rome, Georgia. He discussed what it was like being raised by his mom after his father passed away. Eddie shared what the adjustment was like for him when he and his mother returned to Rome, fitting in with his closeknit family, and who were his childhood friends. He recalls celebrating holidays, particularly Passover and how they were loud, but filled with love and fun. He remembers why he and his mother returned to Rome and how he learned to appreciate growing up there.\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\u003cp\u003e \u003c/p\u003e\r\n\u003cp\u003eEddie discusses how it was decided to hold a the Esserman Family Reunion. He reflects on his experience returning to Rome and attending a service again at Rodeph Sholom. He recalls his memories of attending services at Rodeph Sholom growing up. He discusses a few incidents of antisemitism he experienced while growing up, but overall, not feeling it very often. Eddie finishes his interview talking about what it has been like to reconnect with so many of the Esserman family.\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\u003cp\u003e \u003c/p\u003e\r\n\u003cp\u003eAnn Levin began her interview discussing what it was like growing up in Rome and being Jewish. She talks about her grandparents, Pressley and Anna Esserman and her parents, Rose and Jule Levin. She describes how her grandfather introduced her parents and her Aunt Mildred and Uncle William Feinbloom. Ann discusses more about her closeknit family, celebrating holidays together and her fond memories growing up in Rome. She details her parents various activities as advocates and activists during the Civil Rights Movement. She recalls her parents teaching her about discrimination, inequality, and prejudice. She also remembers the opportunities she had growing up, including piano lessons, playing with the Rome Symphony Orchestra and extra-curricular activities in high school.\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\u003cp\u003e \u003c/p\u003e\r\n\u003cp\u003eShe discusses how her father was initially seen as an outsider in Rome, but how he worked to bridge the Jewish and non-Jewish communities and eventually gaining more acceptance in the community. Ann remembers how her parents refused to send their daughters to a private school when school desegregation occurred in the 1960’s. She also talks about her parents navigating and being friends with segregationists and others who didn’t share their views.\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\u003cp\u003e \u003c/p\u003e\r\n\u003cp\u003eAnn details her experience attending Emory, joining the Jewish sorority, not feeling like she fit in with the sorority, and finally quitting over the treatment of the pledges. She also recalls a story about attending a sorority event at Emory while still in high school and how she learned to dissent when she felt the need. She discusses the fund established to honor her parents and how it has been moved to Berry College. Ann finished the interview talking about transferring to the University of Michigan, finally having a student of color in a class, and her and her husband’s commitment to living in the city so their children had a multicultural life experience.\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\u003cp\u003e \u003c/p\u003e\r\n\u003cp\u003ePaula Esserman Wachsteter was the final interview, and she begins by discussing being born in 1948 and how Israel became a nation that year. She recalls that she was the first bat mitzvah held at Rodeph Sholom in Rome and how that happened. She talks about the work that went into preparing for it, singing the blessing during the services, and her other memories of the event. She mentions looking up to her cousin Ann Levin as a role model because she excelled at many things. She also remembers two of her childhood Jewish friends.\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\u003cp\u003e \u003c/p\u003e\r\n\u003cp\u003eShe discusses her father, Hyman, holding liberal views and the Esserman store not having segregated dressing rooms or bathrooms. She remembers her Aunt Rose not shielding her or her cousins from segregation issues. Paula talks about her Aunt Rose interviewing the individuals who took part in the Rome sit-ins during the 1960’s and being disappointed in learning certain Rome attorneys were for segregation. She discusses learning about community service from her parents and grandmother. She details her and her husband’s involvement with the Rome Exchange Club. Paula shares about attending the University of Tampa. She also recalls memories of growing up in Rome and how she felt special being Jewish in Rome, despite the few numbers of Jews in the community. She talks about taking out the Esserman Torah from the ark at the Rodeph Sholom service the previous Friday evening. Paula ended the interview discussing her great-granddaughter and what a fighter the little girl is.\u003c/p\u003e (scope content)"]}},{"label":{"en":["Rights Statement"]},"value":{"en":["\u003cp\u003eAll rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, recorded by any information storage and retrieval system, without the express written consent of the William Breman Jewish Heritage Museum.\u003c/p\u003e"]}},{"label":{"en":["Subject"]},"value":{"en":["Esserman, David (personal name)","Esserman, Lena Medelie (personal name)","Esserman, Joseph (personal name)","Rives, Hattie Esserman (personal name)","Rives, Joe (personal name)","Rives, Betty Sue Blumenfeld (personal name)","Rives, Jack (personal name)","Ingle, Fran Rives (personal name)","Blumenfeld, Isador (personal name)","Blumenfeld, Martha Goldman (personal name)","Esserman, Pressley (personal name)","Esserman, Anna Friedman (personal name)","Esserman, Hyman (personal name)","Esserman, Lillian Mintz (personal name)","Esserman, Sandy (personal name)","Wachsteter, Paula Esserman (personal name)","Wachsteter, Howard “Buzz” (personal name)","Esserman, Ben (personal name)","Esserman, Marion Weiss (personal name)","Esserman, Neal (personal name)","Levin, Rose Esserman (personal name)","Levin, Jule (personal name)","Levin, Ann (personal name)","Beeferman, Larry (personal name)","Esserman, Faye (personal name)","Feinbloom, Mildred Esserman (personal name)","Rusitzky, Joan Feinbloom (personal name)","Esserman, Edward (personal name)","Esserman, Moses (personal name)","Esserman, Mindell Rothenberg (personal name)","Esserman, Edward “Eddie” (personal name)","Esserman, Joseph Charles (personal name)","Esserman, Sylvia Weinstein (personal name)","Penn, Anne (personal name)","Mendelson, Pearl Stavozinsky (personal name)","Mendelson, Phil (personal name)","Esserman, Denise (personal name)","Wall, Susan Gavant (personal name)","Kennedy, John Fitzgerald (personal name)","Charles, Ray (personal name)","Rockmart, Georgia (geographic term)","Rome, Georgia (geographic term)","Dothan, Alabama (geographic term)","Savannah, Georgia (geographic term)","Muskegon, Michigan (geographic term)","Brooklyn, New York (geographic term)","Rochester, New York (geographic term)","Cincinnati, Ohio (geographic term)","Louisville, Kentucky (geographic term)","Indianapolis, Indiana (geographic term)","Jacksonville, Florida (geographic term)","Darlington School (corporate name)","Rodeph Sholom (corporate name)","Battey State Hospital (corporate name)","Gideons International (corporate name)","American Legion (corporate name)","University of Georgia (corporate name)","University of Florida (corporate name)","University of Tampa (corporate name)","University of Michigan (corporate name)","Shorter College (corporate name)","Berry University (corporate name)","Emory University (corporate name)","Hebrew Union College (corporate name)","Hillel International (corporate name)","Rome Symphony Orchestra (corporate name)","Esserman and Company (corporate name)","The Famous Store (corporate name)","Lad n’ Lassie (corporate name)","G. C. Murphy (corporate name)","Rome Exchange Club (corporate name)","Alpha Epsilon Phi (corporate name)","Alpha Epsilon Pi (corporate name)","Cuban Missile Crisis (named event)","Civil Rights Movement (named event)","World War II (named event)","Jim Crow Laws (topical term)","Concentration Camp (topical term)","Ku Klux Klan (topical term)","Torah (topical term)","Hanukkah (topical term)","Rosh HaShanah (topical term)","Yom Kippur (topical term)","Seder (topical term)","Purim (topical term)","Bar mitzvah (topical term)","Bat mitzvah (topical term)","Oneg Shabbat (topical term)","High Holy Days (topical term)","Passover (topical term)","Linton, Ilene Miller (personal name)"]}}],"summary":{"en":["\u003cp\u003eJack Rives, Fran Ingles, Sandy Esserman, Neal Esserman, Eddie Esserman, Ann Levin, and Paula Wachsteter were interviewed by Casey Fishman on April 14, 2024 in Rome, Georgia.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe Esserman family in Rome, Georgia date back to the early 1890\u0026rsquo;s, when brothers Pressley and Joseph Esserman immigrated to the United States and settled in Rome. In 1896, they founded Esserman \u0026amp; Company, initially a dry goods store but it later became a retail clothing store. In 1898, they helped the rest of their family immigrate to the United States. The family included their parents, David and Lena Medelie Esserman and five younger brothers \u0026ndash; Edward, Sam, Louie, Charles, and Harry. David served as the rabbi of Rodeph Shalom in Rome, Georgia from 1898-1916.\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\u003cp\u003eEsserman \u0026amp; Company was a fixature in Rome from 1896 until 1987 when the store closed. The business was a family operation with many members of the Esserman family working at the store. Pressley\u0026rsquo;s sons Hyman and Ben took over from their father and later their brother-in-law, Jule Levin bought into the partnership of the store. The store was among the first in Rome to address black customer\u0026rsquo;s by \u0026ldquo;Mr.\u0026rdquo; and \u0026ldquo;Mrs.\u0026rdquo; Additionally, they did not have segregated dressing rooms or bathrooms and was the first store in Rome to employ black salespersons to assist white and black customers. The Esserman\u0026rsquo;s were also among the small group of Jewish residents in Rome. They were active in Rome\u0026rsquo;s synagogue, Rodeph Sholom.\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\u003cp\u003eSix members of the Esserman family were interviewed at the Esserman Family Reunion, including Jack Rives, Fran Rives Ingle, Sandy Esserman, Neal Esserman, Eddie Esserman, Ann Levin, and Paula Esserman Wachsteter. They are all decedents of David and Lena Esserman and three of their sons \u0026ndash; Joseph, Pressley, and Edward. Jack Rives and Fran Rives Ingle are the great-grandchildren of Joseph Esserman. Paula Esserman Wachsteter, Sandy Esserman, Neal Esserman, and Ann Levin are the grandchildren of Pressley and Anna Friedman Esserman. Eddie Esserman is the grandson of Edward Esserman.\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\u003cp\u003eJack Rives and Fran Rives Ingle are the great-grandchildren of Joseph and Fannie Mendelson Esserman, and their grandparents were Morris and Hattie Esserman Rives. Fran was born in 1950 and Jack was born in 1952. Their parents were Joe and Betty Blumenfeld Rives, and they have two additional siblings, Steve and Beth. Fran and Jack grew up in Rockmart, Georgia. Their father operated The Famous Store, a clothing store in Rockmart. The store was originally started by his father-in-law, Isador Blumenfeld. The Rives along with their maternal grandparents, Isador and Martha Blumenfeld were the only Jewish families in Rockmart. Jack graduated from Darlington School and the University of Georgia, where is earned a bachelor\u0026rsquo;s and law degree. He served in the Navy and was Judge Advocate General. He later was the executive director of the American Bar Association. Fran graduated from school in Rockmart and attended the University of Georgia.\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\u003cp\u003ePaula Esserman Wachsteter and Sandy Esserman are the grandchildren of Pressley and Anna Friedman Esserman and the daughters of Hyman and Lillian Mintz Esserman. Paula was born in 1949 and Sandy was born in 1951. They grew up in Rome, Georgia and were active in Rodeph Sholom synagogue. Hyman, their father, was one of the owners of Esserman\u0026rsquo;s that was started by his father, Pressley and his uncle Joe. Paula graduated from East Rome High School and attended the University of Tampa. In 1968, she married Howard \u0026ldquo;Buzz\u0026rdquo; Wachsteter. They currently live in Rome, where they are active in the community. Sandy graduated from East Rome High School and graduated from the University of Florida where she earned her bachelor\u0026rsquo;s and master\u0026rsquo;s in education. She later earned a master\u0026rsquo;s in master\u0026rsquo;s in education administration from California State University. Sandy and her husband, Stephen McCurry live in Altadena, California.\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\u003cp\u003eNeal Esserman is the grandson of Pressley and Anna Friedman Esserman, and the only child of Ben and Marion Weiss Esserman. Neal was born in 1950 and grew up in Rome, Georgia. His father, Ben, was one of the owners of Esserman\u0026rsquo;s that was started by Ben\u0026rsquo;s father, Pressley and his uncle Joe. Neal graduated from Darlington School and American University. He and his wife, Andrea, operate a retail consulting and planning firm. They live in Redondo Beach, California.\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\u003cp\u003eEdward \u0026ldquo;Eddie\u0026rdquo; Esserman is the grandson of Edward and Yetta George Esserman, and the only child of Moses and Mindell Rothenberg Esserman. Eddie was born in Indianapolis, Indiana in 1949, but grew up in Rome, Georgia. After Moses\u0026rsquo;s death in 1956, Eddie and has mother returned to Rome, Georgia, where she and her husband grew up. Eddie graduated from Darlington School and Georgia Tech. He has worked in the broadcasting industry for over 40 years and owns a few small radio stations. Eddie was inducted into the Georgia Radio Hall of Fame in 2010. He and his wife, Denise live in St. Simons Island, Georgia. \u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\u003cp\u003eAnn Levin is the granddaughter of Pressley and Anna Friedman Esserman and the oldest child of Jule and Rose Esserman Levin. Ann was born in 1945 and was raised in Rome, Georgia along with her younger sister, Ellen. Her parents married in 1940 and in 1942, Jule became a partner in Esserman\u0026rsquo;s. Ann\u0026rsquo;s parents were very active in the Jewish community and the larger Rome community. They were also very active in civil rights efforts during the 1950\u0026rsquo;s and 1960\u0026rsquo;s. Ann attended East Rome High School and Emory University. She later transferred to the University of Michigan, and after graduation worked as a teacher. In 1972, she married Larry Beeferman, and they live in Cambridge, Massachusetts. \u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eDescendants of the Esserman Family of Rome, Georgia were interviewed at the Esserman Family Reunion. Jack Rives and Fran Rives Ingle, siblings, started their interview by discussing growing up in Rockmart, Georgia. They shared a little background on their paternal grandmother, Hattie Esserman Rives, their father Joe Rives and their mother, Betty Sue. Jack talked about what it was like growing up as one of two Jewish families in Rockmart, and their parents operating The Famous Store. Fran mentioned their maternal grandparents were the other Jewish family in Rockmart. She also talked about learning what others thought of Jews and how their mother did presentation to educate people on Judaism. Jack reflected that he didn\u0026rsquo;t experience antisemitism in Rockmart and how their mother\u0026rsquo;s presentation on Judaism were well received. They remembered attending Sunday School at Rodeph Sholom in Rome and their learning Hebrew.\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\u003cp\u003eFran and Jack recalled how they celebrated Jewish holidays. They both discussed how being one of two Jewish families in their community shaped them. Jack talked about their maternal grandparents being in the clothing store business and their father taking over the business. Both recounted their experience working at The Famous Store when they were kids. Fran shared a store about their father knowing people in the Ku Klux Klan. They finished their interview by remembering The Famous Store, their father donating gift certificates and merchandise during the Christmas season, and how working at the stored helped their math skills.\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\u003cp\u003eCousins Neal Esserman and Sandy Esserman were interviewed second. Sandy discussed growing up in Rome and how her parents met. Neal shared that he grew up in Rome, as an only child, but recalled growing up with lots of cousins and a large close family. They reflected on being a minority group in Rome. They remembered celebrating Jewish holidays with their extended family and what the event was like for them as kids. Neal shared a favorite memory from his childhood about being injured and going to his Aunt Rose\u0026rsquo;s house for help. Neal discussed his parents and how they met. He talked briefly about returning to Rome after he left for college. Sandy shared a childhood memory about her excitement to get the National Geographic magazine and it showing her the larger world that could be explored.\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\u003cp\u003eThey reflected on what Rodeph Sholom synagogue was like growing up, and how it felt like an extended family to them. They discussed the rabbis that served at the synagogue and memories of Oneg Shabbat. They also reflected on their memories of the Esserman store and how everyone knew them in the Rome community. They described knowing they were the minority and Hyman Esserman and Jule Levin educating people about Judaism. Neal recalled a story from his father, Ben, on how farmers felt safe leaving their years earning in the Esserman store safe. Sandy finished the interview by reflecting on the atmosphere of Rodeph Sholom and her wonderful memories of it.\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\u003cp\u003eEddie Esserman was the third interview, and he began the interview talking about his parents and their growing up in Rome, Georgia. He discussed what it was like being raised by his mom after his father passed away. Eddie shared what the adjustment was like for him when he and his mother returned to Rome, fitting in with his closeknit family, and who were his childhood friends. He recalls celebrating holidays, particularly Passover and how they were loud, but filled with love and fun. He remembers why he and his mother returned to Rome and how he learned to appreciate growing up there.\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\u003cp\u003eEddie discusses how it was decided to hold a the Esserman Family Reunion. He reflects on his experience returning to Rome and attending a service again at Rodeph Sholom. He recalls his memories of attending services at Rodeph Sholom growing up. He discusses a few incidents of antisemitism he experienced while growing up, but overall, not feeling it very often. Eddie finishes his interview talking about what it has been like to reconnect with so many of the Esserman family.\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\u003cp\u003eAnn Levin began her interview discussing what it was like growing up in Rome and being Jewish. She talks about her grandparents, Pressley and Anna Esserman and her parents, Rose and Jule Levin. She describes how her grandfather introduced her parents and her Aunt Mildred and Uncle William Feinbloom. Ann discusses more about her closeknit family, celebrating holidays together and her fond memories growing up in Rome. She details her parents various activities as advocates and activists during the Civil Rights Movement. She recalls her parents teaching her about discrimination, inequality, and prejudice. She also remembers the opportunities she had growing up, including piano lessons, playing with the Rome Symphony Orchestra and extra-curricular activities in high school.\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\u003cp\u003eShe discusses how her father was initially seen as an outsider in Rome, but how he worked to bridge the Jewish and non-Jewish communities and eventually gaining more acceptance in the community. Ann remembers how her parents refused to send their daughters to a private school when school desegregation occurred in the 1960\u0026rsquo;s. She also talks about her parents navigating and being friends with segregationists and others who didn\u0026rsquo;t share their views.\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\u003cp\u003eAnn details her experience attending Emory, joining the Jewish sorority, not feeling like she fit in with the sorority, and finally quitting over the treatment of the pledges. She also recalls a story about attending a sorority event at Emory while still in high school and how she learned to dissent when she felt the need. She discusses the fund established to honor her parents and how it has been moved to Berry College. Ann finished the interview talking about transferring to the University of Michigan, finally having a student of color in a class, and her and her husband\u0026rsquo;s commitment to living in the city so their children had a multicultural life experience.\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\u003cp\u003ePaula Esserman Wachsteter was the final interview, and she begins by discussing being born in 1948 and how Israel became a nation that year. She recalls that she was the first bat mitzvah held at Rodeph Sholom in Rome and how that happened. She talks about the work that went into preparing for it, singing the blessing during the services, and her other memories of the event. She mentions looking up to her cousin Ann Levin as a role model because she excelled at many things. She also remembers two of her childhood Jewish friends.\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\u003cp\u003eShe discusses her father, Hyman, holding liberal views and the Esserman store not having segregated dressing rooms or bathrooms. She remembers her Aunt Rose not shielding her or her cousins from segregation issues. Paula talks about her Aunt Rose interviewing the individuals who took part in the Rome sit-ins during the 1960\u0026rsquo;s and being disappointed in learning certain Rome attorneys were for segregation. She discusses learning about community service from her parents and grandmother. She details her and her husband\u0026rsquo;s involvement with the Rome Exchange Club. Paula shares about attending the University of Tampa. She also recalls memories of growing up in Rome and how she felt special being Jewish in Rome, despite the few numbers of Jews in the community. She talks about taking out the Esserman Torah from the ark at the Rodeph Sholom service the previous Friday evening. Paula ended the interview discussing her great-granddaughter and what a fighter the little girl is.\u003c/p\u003e"]},"requiredStatement":{"label":{"en":["Attribution"]},"value":{"en":["\u003cp\u003eAll rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, recorded by any information storage and retrieval system, without the express written consent of the William Breman Jewish Heritage Museum.\u003c/p\u003e"]}},"provider":[{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/aboutus","type":"Agent","label":{"en":["William Breman Jewish Heritage Museum"]},"homepage":[{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/","type":"Text","label":{"en":["William Breman Jewish Heritage Museum"]},"format":"text/html"}],"logo":[{"id":"https://d9jk7wjtjpu5g.cloudfront.net/organizations/logo_images/000/000/082/original/TheBreman_SecondaryMark_Horizontal_Blue_Black.png?1713640889","type":"Image"}]}],"thumbnail":[{"id":"https://d9jk7wjtjpu5g.cloudfront.net/collection_resource_files/thumbnails/000/246/118/small/Essermanreunion.mp4_1721349667.jpg?1721349674","type":"Image","format":"image/jpeg"}],"items":[{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131584/file/246118","type":"Canvas","label":{"en":["Media File 1 of 1 - Esserman_reunion.mp4"]},"duration":5775.251,"width":640,"height":360,"thumbnail":[{"id":"https://d9jk7wjtjpu5g.cloudfront.net/collection_resource_files/thumbnails/000/246/118/small/Essermanreunion.mp4_1721349667.jpg?1721349674","type":"Image","format":"image/jpeg"}],"items":[{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131584/file/246118/content/1","type":"AnnotationPage","items":[{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131584/file/246118/content/1/annotation/1","type":"Annotation","motivation":"painting","body":{"id":"https://aviary-p-thebreman.s3.wasabisys.com/collection_resource_files/resource_files/000/246/118/original/Esserman_reunion.mp4?1721349655","type":"Video","format":"video/mp4","duration":5775.251,"width":640,"height":360},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131584/file/246118","metadata":[]}]}],"annotations":[{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131584/file/246118/transcript/69144","type":"AnnotationPage","label":{"en":["Esserman Reunion [Transcript]"]},"items":[{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131584/file/246118/transcript/69144/annotation/1","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"FISHMAN: Today is April 14, 2024. My name is Casey Fishman, and I am with Jack Rives and Fran Ingle, who have agreed to participate in the oral history interview for the Esther and Herbert Taylor Oral History Project for the William Breman Jewish Heritage Museum. Thank you both so much for your participation. I want to start by saying that this is a unique situation because the two of you are siblings and we are here at the Esserman Family Reunion. Thank you so much for taking the time to do this. I'm going to ask the two of you to start by please stating your name and where you grew up.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131584/file/246118#t=0.0,34.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131584/file/246118/transcript/69144/annotation/2","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"RIVES: Jack Rives. I grew up in Rockmart, Georgia.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131584/file/246118#t=34.0,37.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131584/file/246118/transcript/69144/annotation/3","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"INGLE: Fran Rives. I grew up in Rockmart.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131584/file/246118#t=37.0,40.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131584/file/246118/transcript/69144/annotation/4","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"FISHMAN: Do you know how your family arrived in that community?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131584/file/246118#t=40.0,44.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131584/file/246118/transcript/69144/annotation/5","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"RIVES: Yes . . . Our grandparents grew up in different parts of the Southeast, but our paternal grandmother was an Esserman.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131584/file/246118#t=44.0,55.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131584/file/246118/transcript/69144/annotation/6","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"FISHMAN: What was her name?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131584/file/246118#t=55.0,58.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131584/file/246118/transcript/69144/annotation/7","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"RIVES: Hattie Esserman and she was the oldest child of the oldest child, of the next generation behind David and Lena Esserman. She grew up in Rome [Georgia]. When she got married, they moved to Cedartown, Georgia, which is about a half an hour from here, and that's where our father and his brother were raised. My father met our mother, who was in Rockmart, Georgia. She moved there when she was about ten from south Alabama. Both parents owned clothing stores. They were the only Jewish family in Polk County, Georgia. My father's parents had a ladies store in Cedartown, Georgia, and some other stores in northwest Georgia, all ladies stores. Our mother's family had a clothing store in Rockmart, Georgia for the family. The two of them met, they were the only Jewish family in the county. They got married when our mother was 18 and father was 20.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131584/file/246118#t=58.0,110.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131584/file/246118/transcript/69144/annotation/8","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"FISHMAN: What were your parents’ names?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131584/file/246118#t=110.0,114.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131584/file/246118/transcript/69144/annotation/9","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"INGLE: Joe was my father and Betty Sue was my mother.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131584/file/246118#t=114.0,122.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131584/file/246118/transcript/69144/annotation/10","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"FISHMAN: Can you describe the place where you grew up? What it was like just in general, and what it was like being one of the only Jewish families in town?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131584/file/246118#t=122.0,132.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131584/file/246118/transcript/69144/annotation/11","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"RIVES: . . . Rockmart, Georgia has about 4,000 people, and we went to the public schools. Fran graduated from the high school there. I came to Darlington School in Rome for my last two years of high school, but it was a small town, 4,000 people. We had one of the two clothing stores in town. We tended to not . . .","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131584/file/246118#t=132.0,151.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131584/file/246118/transcript/69144/annotation/12","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"FISHMAN: . . . What was the name of the store?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131584/file/246118#t=151.0,152.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131584/file/246118/transcript/69144/annotation/13","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"RIVES: The Famous Store was the name of the store. My parents tended to know pretty much everyone in the local area. I played local sports, and my sister was in the band. We actually, our mother's parents, lived up the street from us about a five minute ride on our bicycles, and we lived in a single family dwelling on probably two or three acres of land, about a mile from our store. My father used to complain about the commute, but I later learned that a one mile commute . . . where you may have to stop for two cars at a stoplight, at a stop sign was not very bad. But we were the only two Jewish families in town.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131584/file/246118#t=152.0,201.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131584/file/246118/transcript/69144/annotation/14","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"FISHMAN: Who was the other family?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131584/file/246118#t=201.0,202.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131584/file/246118/transcript/69144/annotation/15","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"RIVES: My grandparents on my mother's side and us . . .","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131584/file/246118#t=202.0,206.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131584/file/246118/transcript/69144/annotation/16","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"FISHMAN: . . . Okay . . .","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131584/file/246118#t=206.0,207.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131584/file/246118/transcript/69144/annotation/17","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"RIVES: . . . were the two Jewish families.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131584/file/246118#t=207.0,208.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131584/file/246118/transcript/69144/annotation/18","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"FISHMAN: What was that like for you? Do you have a particular memory that gives us a window into what it was like?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131584/file/246118#t=208.0,214.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131584/file/246118/transcript/69144/annotation/19","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"INGLE: I knew about everybody else's church because I went to the church with them. They would ask questions and my mother liked to go to do presentations and talk to people at different meetings. We learned other people's ideas about Jews, which I thought were fascinating. Not as bad as the idea that Jews had horns, but . . .","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131584/file/246118#t=214.0,245.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131584/file/246118/transcript/69144/annotation/20","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"FISHMAN: Do you remember any specific [things]?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131584/file/246118#t=245.0,250.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131584/file/246118/transcript/69144/annotation/21","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"INGLE: I remember the thing that really stood out was idea about after death going to heaven because she believed in Jesus. During the Cuban Missile Crisis, some of my friends were crying because I was going to hell. [I said,] \"No, I'm not planning to.\"","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131584/file/246118#t=250.0,271.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131584/file/246118/transcript/69144/annotation/22","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"RIVES: My experiences were . . . I was later surprised by antisemitism in a lot of areas because we grew up in a very small town in northwest Georgia. Our parents were friendly people who . . . were well known. As Fran said, our mother like to share information. She had a little shoe box that had miniature menorahs and a Torah that was a little paper Torah. She would explain the religion to people, and it was well received. I really don't remember any antisemitic comments or any animosity toward us because of our religion as I was growing up . . . Some years we actually had a Christmas tree, but we knew we were Jewish. I was talking to a friend of mine from Rockmart that I hadn't spoken to in a number of years just a few weeks ago. He told me how he was jealous of us because we got gifts on eight nights, and he only had one day to get his presents, so he was jealous of Hanukkah. We would take off school for the High Holy Days, and people were jealous of that. They thought we had a get out of school free card.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131584/file/246118#t=271.0,334.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131584/file/246118/transcript/69144/annotation/23","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"FISHMAN: What would you do? Would you come. . . ?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131584/file/246118#t=334.0,336.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131584/file/246118/transcript/69144/annotation/24","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"RIVES: We'd come to services in Rome.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131584/file/246118#t=336.0,337.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131584/file/246118/transcript/69144/annotation/25","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"FISHMAN: In Rome.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131584/file/246118#t=337.0,339.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131584/file/246118/transcript/69144/annotation/26","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"RIVES: We attended Sunday school at Rodeph Sholom here in Rome from the time we were in pre-K through confirmation when we were 16 years old. After I was confirmed is when I came to Darlington School as a boarding student. I taught Sunday school . . . at Rodeph Sholom my last two years of high school. But we attended services here. Sunday school would have all the parties associated with holidays and so forth, but our special memories are probably with the High Holy Days. I was bar mitzvahed on April 3, 1965, so I had to go through the special study . . . I was remembering the reading the Hebrew without the vowels traumatized me because I'd gotten comfortable with the vowels. We were taught by Mr. Miller. Remember him?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131584/file/246118#t=339.0,390.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131584/file/246118/transcript/69144/annotation/27","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"INGLE: Oh, yes.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131584/file/246118#t=390.0,391.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131584/file/246118/transcript/69144/annotation/28","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"RIVES: He was. I think he was . . .","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131584/file/246118#t=391.0,393.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131584/file/246118/transcript/69144/annotation/29","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"INGLE: . . . He's the dentist.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131584/file/246118#t=393.0,395.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131584/file/246118/transcript/69144/annotation/30","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"RIVES: Yes, and he taught us Hebrew, but he . . . Where was he from?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131584/file/246118#t=395.0,399.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131584/file/246118/transcript/69144/annotation/31","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"INGLE: He had been . . . he had tattoos of numbers because [he had] been in a concentration camp.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131584/file/246118#t=399.0,405.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131584/file/246118/transcript/69144/annotation/32","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"RIVES: Yes.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131584/file/246118#t=405.0,406.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131584/file/246118/transcript/69144/annotation/33","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"INGLE: But he was a dentist and worked at Battey when it was the tuberculosis hospital.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131584/file/246118#t=406.0,411.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131584/file/246118/transcript/69144/annotation/34","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"RIVES: Yes, but he was our Hebrew teacher. He had a heavy accent, but we assumed he was a good Hebrew teacher, so I didn't . . . the Hebrew alphabet was relatively easy to learn. When you had the vowels, it was easy to pronounce. When you didn't have the vowels, it was \"Uh-oh\" . . . For my bar mitzvah, I did get to practice with the Torah a lot, and . . . I attended a lot of Friday evening services, probably more than Fran did. Our parents made it kind of optional, and I frequently attended them with my mother, more so than with our father. He attended less. Other than the High Holy Days, he would come to special things at Sunday school. But my mother had been a Sunday school teacher for probably more than 20 years.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131584/file/246118#t=411.0,454.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131584/file/246118/transcript/69144/annotation/35","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"FISHMAN: How did you celebrate holidays in your home, were there are special family traditions that you had? Did you have family come from Rome? Did you come here, or did you just celebrate with your nuclear family in Rockmart?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131584/file/246118#t=454.0,467.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131584/file/246118/transcript/69144/annotation/36","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"INGLE: There wasn't a whole lot of things. After, I grew up and got married and we had a child, then we would have Friday night at home. But we lit Hanukkah candles.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131584/file/246118#t=467.0,486.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131584/file/246118/transcript/69144/annotation/37","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"RIVES: We tend to have a Seder at Purim for Passover, and our grandparents would come to that at our home. But . . . we occasionally would do things to celebrate our religion with the neighbors . . . Like for my bar mitzvah, we invited a lot of people, and we had a party at our house that evening in Rockmart.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131584/file/246118#t=486.0,508.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131584/file/246118/transcript/69144/annotation/38","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"FISHMAN: That's so nice. What do you think was unique about being one of, or the only Jewish family, one of two Jewish families in Rockmart? Do you feel like that experience sort of . . . shaped you in any way as a Jewish person?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131584/file/246118#t=508.0,531.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131584/file/246118/transcript/69144/annotation/39","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"INGLE: It was the combination of feeling different. But my parents, particularly my mother, wanted us to fit in. One of the sort of sad things that just popped up is the Gideons came to my elementary school, and I wouldn't take one of their Bibles. They said, \"Your church is paying for them.\" I said, \"No, it's not. I don't want it. I wouldn't pay for it.\" My mother got really mad at me. One of the teachers was very nice. She said, \"No, go ahead. Read it, it's just stories.\" Later on, I realized that the New Testament was actually . . . had a lot of Jewish background to it. But . . . just my personality, I tended to really feel different. But I learned a lot about other religions because I'm curious.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131584/file/246118#t=531.0,592.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131584/file/246118/transcript/69144/annotation/40","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"RIVES: My experience . . . It's funny how brother and sister, she's two years older than me, but it's, like a generational divide sometimes. I never felt that different. We had a different religion, but there were Baptists and Methodists, and they sometimes were a lot more different than the Jewish person. [They were] saying, \"These people can drink liquor and these people can['t].\" These people went to services on Wednesday nights and different things. I knew I was proud to be Jewish. I never felt bad about it. I just thought it was kind of a normal life. I first began to come across people who were probably antisemitic when I got away from the environment in Rockmart, where we grew up.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131584/file/246118#t=592.0,637.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131584/file/246118/transcript/69144/annotation/41","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"FISHMAN: Interesting. I just want to ask another question about the store. Who started the store? Was it your grandparents? Your parents?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131584/file/246118#t=637.0,646.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131584/file/246118/transcript/69144/annotation/42","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"RIVES: My maternal grandparents were in Dothan, Alabama, and they had a department store, clothing store for the whole family. They probably sold a lot of other things, too. It was probably like a general store.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131584/file/246118#t=646.0,657.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131584/file/246118/transcript/69144/annotation/43","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"INGLE: It was a dry goods store.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131584/file/246118#t=657.0,658.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131584/file/246118/transcript/69144/annotation/44","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"FISHMAN: Right. Were they from Alabama or did they come over from Europe?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131584/file/246118#t=658.0,662.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131584/file/246118/transcript/69144/annotation/45","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"RIVES: They came over from Europe and settled in south Alabama. Our grandfather was the youngest of seven boys, but he was the first to get married. That's because he met our grandmother in Savannah, Georgia. She was the first in her family to be born in the United States. She was born in Muskegon, Michigan on the 4th of July 1910, our grandfather, her husband, was born in 1910 as well. They got married in probably 1929 or so, when they were still 18 years old.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131584/file/246118#t=662.0,689.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131584/file/246118/transcript/69144/annotation/46","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"INGLE: Yes.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131584/file/246118#t=689.0,690.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131584/file/246118/transcript/69144/annotation/47","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"RIVES: Our mother was born in January 1931. They were always . . . so my maternal grandparents were, and his family were in the dry goods business or the general merchandise, clothing store business. Our . . . on my mother's side, that's what we knew. Her mother was an orphan and lived with her sister in Savannah. Her older sister in Savannah, and so I'm not sure what her family may have done before, but my mother's father had been a merchant, clothing store. Our father's mother comes from the Esserman family, and they were in the clothing business. His parents were in the ladies clothing business, and they used to go on buy trips in New York City. When he was a little boy, he would go with his mother for a month at a time. He had a lot of stories about going to Yankees games. He would just get on the subway by himself when he was ten years old, back then and watch the Yankees play. But they had a . . . so when my parents got married, it was inevitable they would go into the dry goods business. They first did it in my grandfather's store. He's the one who founded the Famous Store in 1940, when they moved from Alabama to Rockmart. My father eventually bought the ownership stake from my mother's father. I remember he got a little bit annoyed when my mother's father, our grandfather, set up a clothing store right next door to the Famous Store and selling the same sort of things. Yes, it's a lot smaller inventory, but he was bringing in his old customers.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131584/file/246118#t=690.0,786.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131584/file/246118/transcript/69144/annotation/48","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"FISHMAN: Wow.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131584/file/246118#t=786.0,787.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131584/file/246118/transcript/69144/annotation/49","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"RIVES: For some reason, my father got annoyed by that.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131584/file/246118#t=787.0,790.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131584/file/246118/transcript/69144/annotation/50","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"FISHMAN: Did the two of you work in the store when you were growing up?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131584/file/246118#t=790.0,792.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131584/file/246118/transcript/69144/annotation/51","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"INGLE: Oh, yes.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131584/file/246118#t=792.0,793.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131584/file/246118/transcript/69144/annotation/52","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"RIVES: I worked in the store probably from the time I was eight years old on. I later got other summer jobs especially. But I remember working from the time I was very young. How old were you, probably?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131584/file/246118#t=793.0,806.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131584/file/246118/transcript/69144/annotation/53","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"INGLE: Oh yes. I remember being 12 years old and having Social Security taken out of my wages because my dad said he was paying us. But I remember in December, it's like nine in the morning to nine at night.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131584/file/246118#t=806.0,824.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131584/file/246118/transcript/69144/annotation/54","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"RIVES: Because of the Christmas shopping.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131584/file/246118#t=824.0,826.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131584/file/246118/transcript/69144/annotation/55","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"FISHMAN:  Right.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131584/file/246118#t=826.0,827.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131584/file/246118/transcript/69144/annotation/56","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"INGLE: Yes, Christmas shopping. Also, a lot of the stores stay open late, even, particularly the grocery stores that used to sell a lot of sugar for the bootleggers. But the other thing that's sort of going back is, we knew people that were in the Ku Klux Klan. I remember, I liked to hang out with my dad when he was talking to the other men particularly . . . One person said, \"You know the Klan will take care of your daughter.\" It was like, \"Uh, you know remember the Klan doesn't really like Jews.\" But it was like we're a small town and that was it. When they would have the empty stocking drive . . . My dad would give them discounted gift certificates for people to come shopping at our store. It was fine to fit in, but I was just amazed when . . .","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131584/file/246118#t=827.0,892.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131584/file/246118/transcript/69144/annotation/57","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"RIVES: Yes. Our father was not in the military, but he was an . . .  honorary member of the American Legion. They had a lot of charitable activities, and he would give them, as Fran said, discounted, sometimes discounted dramatically, but usually at least 25% or 50%. He'd give them a gift certificate and then they would give it to a poor family who could come in and buy whatever they wanted with the gift certificate. He did that a lot, and especially at the Christmas season . . . Then we would wrap gift packages for some people, and it would be thousands of dollars’ worth of items. You remember putting an L on the item, the sticker. We didn't have the prices on it, so on the basic item describing the merchandise, we'd put an L with a circle for Legion. Then if they brought it back, because it was the wrong size, we would know they needed to do an exchange, not get a refund, because then we would be losing, would be making a bigger charitable contribution than we had intended to. But yes, I was like Fran, worked in the store from the time I was really little, and I learned math by . . . we did the inventory of the stock every early January. I remember learning how . . . my father taught me how to do it in my head. If we had, I would count up and we had like 54 items that sold for $1.98. In my head, within seconds, I could say, \"Okay, here's how much that is.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131584/file/246118#t=892.0,977.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131584/file/246118/transcript/69144/annotation/58","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"INGLE: Yes, that was the entertainment at supper time was math problems.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131584/file/246118#t=977.0,981.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131584/file/246118/transcript/69144/annotation/59","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"RIVES: Yes. I became really good at math. My grandson is really good at advanced calculus and everything, but he can't do simple math because he doesn't have to know how to do it now. That's funny when . . . Sometimes just for fun, I'll say, \"Okay, Brandon, what's 17 times 54?\" He'll spend a little time trying to figure it out, and sometimes he gets it right. But I learned how to do that when I was ten years old. I'm sure I was doing it.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131584/file/246118#t=981.0,1006.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131584/file/246118/transcript/69144/annotation/60","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"FISHMAN: One of the many benefits of working in your family's store.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131584/file/246118#t=1006.0,1011.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131584/file/246118/transcript/69144/annotation/61","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"RIVES: We got to . . . you become less shy. Little children are naturally shy, but if you have to wait on customers, and adult customers, especially . . . like now, parents wouldn't have a ten year old selling items to an adult. For the most part, adults don't get personal service anyway.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131584/file/246118#t=1011.0,1030.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131584/file/246118/transcript/69144/annotation/62","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"FISHMAN: Right. I guess like in a small town everyone is so much a part of the fabric of the community.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131584/file/246118#t=1030.0,1037.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131584/file/246118/transcript/69144/annotation/63","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"RIVES: Yes.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131584/file/246118#t=1037.0,1039.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131584/file/246118/transcript/69144/annotation/64","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"FISHMAN: Thank you both so much. Is there anything else that you would like to add? An anecdote or a memory?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131584/file/246118#t=1039.0,1047.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131584/file/246118/transcript/69144/annotation/65","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"RIVES: You for a brief interview. You covered things well, you highlighted . . . [what] we did. We were proud to be Jewish in a small town where only us and our mother's parents were of the Jewish families.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131584/file/246118#t=1047.0,1058.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131584/file/246118/transcript/69144/annotation/66","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"FISHMAN: Thank you both so much. I appreciate it.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131584/file/246118#t=1058.0,1061.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131584/file/246118/transcript/69144/annotation/67","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"RIVES: Thank you.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131584/file/246118#t=1061.0,1062.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131584/file/246118/transcript/69144/annotation/68","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"INGLE: Thank you.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131584/file/246118#t=1062.0,1064.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131584/file/246118/transcript/69144/annotation/69","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"FISHMAN: Today's April 14, 2024. My name is Casey Fishman, and I am with Neal Esserman and Sandy Esserman, who have agreed to participate in this oral history interview for the Esther and Herbert Taylor Oral History Project for the William Breman Jewish Heritage Museum. Thank you both so much for your participation. The two of you are first cousins, and we are at the Esserman Family Reunion. Thank you so much for being here. Can you please start by saying your names again and where you grew up?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131584/file/246118#t=1064.0,1092.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131584/file/246118/transcript/69144/annotation/70","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"ESSERMAN, NEAL: I'm Neal Esserman. I grew up in Maplewood in Rome, Georgia.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131584/file/246118#t=1092.0,1096.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131584/file/246118/transcript/69144/annotation/71","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"ESSERMAN, SANDY: Sandra Esserman, and everybody calls me Sandy. I also grew up in Maplewood in Rome, Georgia.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131584/file/246118#t=1096.0,1103.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131584/file/246118/transcript/69144/annotation/72","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"FISHMAN: Can you describe a little bit the place where you grew up, what it was like?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131584/file/246118#t=1103.0,1107.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131584/file/246118/transcript/69144/annotation/73","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"ESSERMAN, SANDY: You mean home or city?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131584/file/246118#t=1107.0,1110.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131584/file/246118/transcript/69144/annotation/74","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"FISHMAN: Either one, yes. Maybe one can do one and one the other.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131584/file/246118#t=1110.0,1114.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131584/file/246118/transcript/69144/annotation/75","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"ESSERMAN, SANDY: I had one sister and mother and father, and I say what it was like growing up in Rome. My parents were very different. They were 19 years apart. My mother was from Brooklyn [New York]. My father was born and raised in Rome, Georgia.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131584/file/246118#t=1114.0,1131.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131584/file/246118/transcript/69144/annotation/76","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"FISHMAN: What were your parents’ names?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131584/file/246118#t=1131.0,1133.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131584/file/246118/transcript/69144/annotation/77","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"ESSERMAN, SANDY: Hyman Esserman and Lillian Esserman. I would say it had some interesting aspects because they were from different backgrounds, different cities, different cultures, 19 years apart. It's different, but a very loving family, and very much into the community of Rome. I think I always felt part of that community, as well as my family and my cousins.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131584/file/246118#t=1133.0,1165.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131584/file/246118/transcript/69144/annotation/78","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"FISHMAN: How did your parents meet?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131584/file/246118#t=1165.0,1167.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131584/file/246118/transcript/69144/annotation/79","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"ESSERMAN, SANDY: I think my father was on a buying trip in New York. They bought merchandise for the store. A cousin or somebody introduced him to my mother. I think both of them sort of looked at their watch and said, \"It's time to get married. We're of that age that we should get married.\" I don't think it was like a long, drawn out. Not arranged, but kind of. A cousin says, \"I think you should meet this guy.\" How she came from Brooklyn to Rome, Georgia, that had some rough spots to it.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131584/file/246118#t=1167.0,1201.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131584/file/246118/transcript/69144/annotation/80","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"FISHMAN: I'm sure, especially because his family had been here, and so she was coming into . . .","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131584/file/246118#t=1201.0,1209.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131584/file/246118/transcript/69144/annotation/81","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"ESSERMAN, SANDY:  . . . He sort of said . . . We do . . . She married into a huge family.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131584/file/246118#t=1209.0,1216.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131584/file/246118/transcript/69144/annotation/82","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"FISHMAN: Okay, Neal, what about you? Who did you grow up with? Do you have siblings?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131584/file/246118#t=1216.0,1220.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131584/file/246118/transcript/69144/annotation/83","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"ESSERMAN, NEAL: I'm an only child. You know it's hard to improve on perfection. [Everyone laughs]","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131584/file/246118#t=1220.0,1229.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131584/file/246118/transcript/69144/annotation/84","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"FISHMAN: But grew up with many cousins around.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131584/file/246118#t=1229.0,1231.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131584/file/246118/transcript/69144/annotation/85","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"ESSERMAN, NEAL: A lot of cousins around. I remember big family dinners.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131584/file/246118#t=1231.0,1233.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131584/file/246118/transcript/69144/annotation/86","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"ESSERMAN, SANDY: Yes.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131584/file/246118#t=1233.0,1234.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131584/file/246118/transcript/69144/annotation/87","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"ESSERMAN, NEAL: Around at everybody house for every Jewish holiday.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131584/file/246118#t=1234.0,1237.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131584/file/246118/transcript/69144/annotation/88","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"FISHMAN: Would that happen at your grandparents house? Would you move from . . . ?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131584/file/246118#t=1237.0,1241.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131584/file/246118/transcript/69144/annotation/89","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"ESSERMAN, NEAL: My house. Your house or the Levin's house. We were all very close. We all lived in the same neighborhood within a block of each other . . . we were all very close. Yes, it was a nice environment. Family environment.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131584/file/246118#t=1241.0,1255.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131584/file/246118/transcript/69144/annotation/90","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"ESSERMAN, SANDY: Yes.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131584/file/246118#t=1255.0,1257.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131584/file/246118/transcript/69144/annotation/91","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"ESSERMAN, NEAL: Rome may have been a little different. I always feel a little different in Rome because we were such a minority. But I never felt animosity, let's put it that way.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131584/file/246118#t=1257.0,1266.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131584/file/246118/transcript/69144/annotation/92","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"FISHMAN: How many Essermans were there in Rome?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131584/file/246118#t=1266.0,1270.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131584/file/246118/transcript/69144/annotation/93","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"ESSERMAN, NEAL: Oh my gosh, there were . . .","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131584/file/246118#t=1270.0,1273.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131584/file/246118/transcript/69144/annotation/94","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"ESSERMAN, SANDY: Second cousins and Eddie and Donna and Beth . . .","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131584/file/246118#t=1273.0,1276.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131584/file/246118/transcript/69144/annotation/95","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"ESSERMAN, NEAL: . . . Joe.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131584/file/246118#t=1276.0,1277.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131584/file/246118/transcript/69144/annotation/96","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"FISHMAN: It was a large extended family. Other than you, how many other Jewish families were here when you were growing up?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131584/file/246118#t=1277.0,1283.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131584/file/246118/transcript/69144/annotation/97","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"ESSERMAN, NEAL: Probably 20 families.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131584/file/246118#t=1283.0,1284.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131584/file/246118/transcript/69144/annotation/98","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"ESSERMAN, SANDY: Twenty, 25.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131584/file/246118#t=1284.0,1285.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131584/file/246118/transcript/69144/annotation/99","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"ESSERMAN, NEAL: Something like that. But of the Essermans there were probably, at every dinner there'd be between your folks, my folks. The Levin's and Joe and Sylvia, there were always like at least four families.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131584/file/246118#t=1285.0,1300.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131584/file/246118/transcript/69144/annotation/100","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"ESSERMAN, SANDY: Right.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131584/file/246118#t=1300.0,1302.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131584/file/246118/transcript/69144/annotation/101","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"ESSERMAN, NEAL: . . . I was always at the kids table for the people that didn't behave, instead of the regular table.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131584/file/246118#t=1302.0,1308.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131584/file/246118/transcript/69144/annotation/102","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"FISHMAN: Can you sort of describe what a celebration was like in one of your homes, like for a Passover Seder or a holiday meal, or did you have specific family traditions?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131584/file/246118#t=1308.0,1318.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131584/file/246118/transcript/69144/annotation/103","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"ESSERMAN, NEAL: Passover went on forever. The Seder was . . .","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131584/file/246118#t=1318.0,1323.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131584/file/246118/transcript/69144/annotation/104","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"FISHMAN: Who would lead the Seder?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131584/file/246118#t=1323.0,1326.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131584/file/246118/transcript/69144/annotation/105","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"ESSERMAN, NEAL: If it was at my house, my dad would lead it. If it was your house, your dad would lead it. If it was Uncle Jule's house, he would lead it. Who’s ever house it was at, the male would lead it. I do remember my dad telling a story. When his father said when they would open the door for Elijah, back in Lithuania that all the goats and chickens would come in the house. I do remember that.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131584/file/246118#t=1326.0,1350.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131584/file/246118/transcript/69144/annotation/106","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"ESSERMAN, SANDY: When we were really little, we got excited about they would open the door and what was going to happen . . . there was sort of this kids group that got seated at this kids table like you said. We didn't have to sit for the entire Seder. I think we got to leave at some point.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131584/file/246118#t=1350.0,1368.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131584/file/246118/transcript/69144/annotation/107","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"ESSERMAN, NEAL: I don't remember, I just remember it went on forever.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131584/file/246118#t=1368.0,1371.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131584/file/246118/transcript/69144/annotation/108","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"ESSERMAN, SANDY: . . . I feel like at some point, because people like you got so restless that we got to leave. But originally, as we got older, it got to be a shorter and shorter service. But originally it was very long.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131584/file/246118#t=1371.0,1386.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131584/file/246118/transcript/69144/annotation/109","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"FISHMAN: Can you share one of your fondest childhood memories, either related to your family or the store, or being Jewish in Rome, or just any memory?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131584/file/246118#t=1386.0,1398.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131584/file/246118/transcript/69144/annotation/110","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"ESSERMAN, NEAL: One of my favorite memories, and I don't know if this applies to anything, is when I managed to hit myself in the head with a hatchet. I'm bleeding profusely, and I ran to Aunt Rose's house because it was the closest one. It wasn't serious, but you know head wounds bleed a lot. I ran into the house and the maid. This wonderful person. Aunt Rose's maid was Anne Penn, and I ran to the house and Anne Penn [said], \"Oh, my goodness.\" She calls Rose, she goes, \"Miss Rose, Neal's here and he's bleeding really bad. What should I do?\" Her answer was, \"Keep him out of the living room.\" That's one of my fondest memories.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131584/file/246118#t=1398.0,1434.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131584/file/246118/transcript/69144/annotation/111","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"FISHMAN: Neal, can you tell me who your parents were?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131584/file/246118#t=1434.0,1436.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131584/file/246118/transcript/69144/annotation/112","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"ESSERMAN, NEAL: Ben and Marion Esserman.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131584/file/246118#t=1436.0,1437.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131584/file/246118/transcript/69144/annotation/113","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"FISHMAN: Okay.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131584/file/246118#t=1437.0,1438.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131584/file/246118/transcript/69144/annotation/114","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"ESSERMAN, NEAL: My mom was from Rochester, New York.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131584/file/246118#t=1438.0,1440.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131584/file/246118/transcript/69144/annotation/115","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"FISHMAN: Okay.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131584/file/246118#t=1440.0,1441.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131584/file/246118/transcript/69144/annotation/116","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"ESSERMAN, NEAL: Where Joan grew up.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131584/file/246118#t=1441.0,1442.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131584/file/246118/transcript/69144/annotation/117","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"FISHMAN: Right.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131584/file/246118#t=1442.0,1443.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131584/file/246118/transcript/69144/annotation/118","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"ESSERMAN, NEAL: I think my dad was drafted into the Army in World War II. Naturally, they took a little Southern boy and made him a ski trooper or something like that. But he was stationed up in Rochester. Mildred, my aunt Mildred, introduced my dad to my mom.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131584/file/246118#t=1443.0,1460.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131584/file/246118/transcript/69144/annotation/119","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"FISHMAN: After you left Rome, did you think about coming back? I don't know where the two of you live now.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131584/file/246118#t=1460.0,1467.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131584/file/246118/transcript/69144/annotation/120","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"ESSERMAN, NEAL: I came back for a little bit. I came back and worked at the store, opened the mall store and then left.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131584/file/246118#t=1467.0,1475.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131584/file/246118/transcript/69144/annotation/121","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"ESSERMAN, SANDY: One of my childhood memories is that I would get so excited when the National Geographic came with the stamps of other countries and plug them in. I think I spent a lot of years knowing that there was a world out there, and I needed to at some point leave Rome and go exploring. I went all the way to Florida, because at that time that was like a big trip. Everybody from high school went to the University of Georgia, I went to the University of Florida, so it was my first excursion. That wasn't all that far, but I felt like I was sort of getting a different perspective of the world. I think a lot of the kids at that time were Northern transplants to a Southern school. From Florida, various reasons I moved to California. Somehow, I can never imagine coming back and living in Rome. But I've come back. I've come back for reunions. I've come back for family. For me, the super beautiful memory is the temple, the Rodeph Sholom.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131584/file/246118#t=1475.0,1546.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131584/file/246118/transcript/69144/annotation/122","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"FISHMAN: Can you tell me a little bit about the temple and what it meant to you all?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131584/file/246118#t=1546.0,1551.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131584/file/246118/transcript/69144/annotation/123","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"ESSERMAN, SANDY: It's small and intimate, and you don't tend to find that if you go to big cities. My experience when I first went to a Hillel at college, of course that's a whole college scene. But I sort of looked around and I thought, I'm not in the Rodeph Sholom anymore.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131584/file/246118#t=1551.0,1567.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131584/file/246118/transcript/69144/annotation/124","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"ESSERMAN, NEAL: But didn't you feel like the synagogue was just one big extended family?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131584/file/246118#t=1567.0,1572.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131584/file/246118/transcript/69144/annotation/125","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"ESSERMAN, SANDY: Yes.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131584/file/246118#t=1572.0,1573.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131584/file/246118/transcript/69144/annotation/126","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"ESSERMAN, NEAL: I assumed we were related to everybody in there.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131584/file/246118#t=1573.0,1574.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131584/file/246118/transcript/69144/annotation/127","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"ESSERMAN, SANDY: Exactly.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131584/file/246118#t=1574.0,1575.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131584/file/246118/transcript/69144/annotation/128","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"FISHMAN: You probably were.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131584/file/246118#t=1575.0,1577.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131584/file/246118/transcript/69144/annotation/129","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"ESSERMAN, NEAL: We weren't but . . .","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131584/file/246118#t=1577.0,1578.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131584/file/246118/transcript/69144/annotation/130","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"ESSERMAN, SANDY: But we thought we were.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131584/file/246118#t=1578.0,1580.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131584/file/246118/transcript/69144/annotation/131","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"ESSERMAN, NEAL: We thought we were growing up because everybody was so close and so friendly and so warm that I really felt like it was all just one big extended family.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131584/file/246118#t=1580.0,1589.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131584/file/246118/transcript/69144/annotation/132","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"FISHMAN: It's really beautiful.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131584/file/246118#t=1589.0,1590.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131584/file/246118/transcript/69144/annotation/133","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"ESSERMAN, SANDY: Outside of the temple, you knew that you were the minority and that it was a Christian society. We were very aware of that. We were different . . .","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131584/file/246118#t=1590.0,1597.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131584/file/246118/transcript/69144/annotation/134","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"ESSERMAN, NEAL: . . . Yes, we were different.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131584/file/246118#t=1597.0,1599.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131584/file/246118/transcript/69144/annotation/135","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"ESSERMAN, SANDY: Then if we were in Sunday school or Friday night or Rosh HaShanah or Yom Kippur, you were with your own people.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131584/file/246118#t=1599.0,1606.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131584/file/246118/transcript/69144/annotation/136","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"ESSERMAN, NEAL: Yes.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131584/file/246118#t=1606.0,1607.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131584/file/246118/transcript/69144/annotation/137","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"ESSERMAN, SANDY: Then for me, I thought, well, I'd get to experience that the next time I go to a Hillel or temple or whatever, but it's never quite the same. Very much more impersonal. Some people would be more into . . . some people were being forced to go. Some people were there and talking and shuffling. I thought he doesn't do that in Rodeph Sholom. It's just a little group of people. We all sat and croaked out the songs. Nobody could sing. Eventually . . .","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131584/file/246118#t=1607.0,1636.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131584/file/246118/transcript/69144/annotation/138","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"FISHMAN: Who was the rabbi when you were growing up? Was that someone that's . . . ?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131584/file/246118#t=1636.0,1639.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131584/file/246118/transcript/69144/annotation/139","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"ESSERMAN, SANDY: They were always different. They were traveling . . .","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131584/file/246118#t=1639.0,1640.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131584/file/246118/transcript/69144/annotation/140","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"ESSERMAN, NEAL: . . . We had student rabbis.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131584/file/246118#t=1640.0,1641.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131584/file/246118/transcript/69144/annotation/141","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"ESSERMAN, SANDY: Student rabbis. Each year.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131584/file/246118#t=1641.0,1644.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131584/file/246118/transcript/69144/annotation/142","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"ESSERMAN, NEAL: Cincinnati [Ohio]. They had university of . . . Hebrew Union College.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131584/file/246118#t=1644.0,1646.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131584/file/246118/transcript/69144/annotation/143","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"ESSERMAN, SANDY: Hebrew Union.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131584/file/246118#t=1646.0,1647.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131584/file/246118/transcript/69144/annotation/144","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"FISHMAN: Right.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131584/file/246118#t=1647.0,1648.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131584/file/246118/transcript/69144/annotation/145","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"ESSERMAN, NEAL: We had a different rabbi every year which is really nice. As a matter of fact . . . the rabbi the bar mitzvahed me or was it confirmed me.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131584/file/246118#t=1648.0,1659.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131584/file/246118/transcript/69144/annotation/146","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"ESSERMAN, SANDY: Confirmed, I think.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131584/file/246118#t=1659.0,1660.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131584/file/246118/transcript/69144/annotation/147","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"ESSERMAN, NEAL: Confirmed us. I lived in Jacksonville, Florida for a while. The rabbi had retired and he's working at a congregation, St. Augustine, Florida. We heard his name, and we went there, just showed up. I just sat there, and he stopped the service right as he began, and just go . . . [makes express of shock] He just stopped, he was so stunned to see me there. It was very cool.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131584/file/246118#t=1660.0,1681.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131584/file/246118/transcript/69144/annotation/148","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"FISHMAN: That is very neat.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131584/file/246118#t=1681.0,1683.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131584/file/246118/transcript/69144/annotation/149","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"ESSERMAN, SANDY: I can remember faces but not names. I have pictures of my bat mitzvah and our confirmation. I look at them and I say, I remember those experiences. They were young. They were excited to come to this little town. I guess they came every other week, once a month, I don't remember.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131584/file/246118#t=1683.0,1700.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131584/file/246118/transcript/69144/annotation/150","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"FISHMAN: It seems like there were folks who came from towns close by that didn't have their own synagogues that came to Rome too, so family members or just . . .","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131584/file/246118#t=1700.0,1711.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131584/file/246118/transcript/69144/annotation/151","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"ESSERMAN, NEAL: . . . The Rives family came over from Rockmart.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131584/file/246118#t=1711.0,1712.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131584/file/246118/transcript/69144/annotation/152","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"ESSERMAN, SANDY: That's right, Rockmart.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131584/file/246118#t=1712.0,1713.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131584/file/246118/transcript/69144/annotation/153","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"ESSERMAN, NEAL: They're cousins, which I thought everybody was a cousin.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131584/file/246118#t=1713.0,1717.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131584/file/246118/transcript/69144/annotation/154","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"ESSERMAN, SANDY: Right.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131584/file/246118#t=1717.0,1718.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131584/file/246118/transcript/69144/annotation/155","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"ESSERMAN, NEAL: It was a nice, warm, very friendly community. They had the Oneg Shabbats were to . . . Oh, my gosh, they were just spectacular because every woman tried to outdo the previous one, so the food was just spectacular.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131584/file/246118#t=1718.0,1734.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131584/file/246118/transcript/69144/annotation/156","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"ESSERMAN, SANDY: That's a good memory. I had forgotten that, and my mother . . .","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131584/file/246118#t=1734.0,1737.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131584/file/246118/transcript/69144/annotation/157","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"ESSERMAN, NEAL: . . . I remember knocking over a table at one of the Oneg Shabbats that Bella Holzberg did, and she baked for days. I just remember reaching over the table and the whole thing collapsed.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131584/file/246118#t=1737.0,1746.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131584/file/246118/transcript/69144/annotation/158","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"ESSERMAN, SANDY: It was a small group of people, but the Oneg Shabbat was this huge feast. These women would cook for . . .","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131584/file/246118#t=1746.0,1753.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131584/file/246118/transcript/69144/annotation/159","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"ESSERMAN, NEAL: . . . weeks.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131584/file/246118#t=1753.0,1754.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131584/file/246118/transcript/69144/annotation/160","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"ESSERMAN, SANDY: Weeks. Oh, it's my turn to do Oneg Shabbat. They have freezers full of cake and cupcakes and brownies and cookies. That's where again we felt . . .","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131584/file/246118#t=1754.0,1766.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131584/file/246118/transcript/69144/annotation/161","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"ESSERMAN, NEAL: . . . Do you remember they sold bulbs for flower bowls?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131584/file/246118#t=1766.0,1767.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131584/file/246118/transcript/69144/annotation/162","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"ESSERMAN, SANDY: Oh, yes.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131584/file/246118#t=1767.0,1768.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131584/file/246118/transcript/69144/annotation/163","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"ESSERMAN, NEAL: The women would . . .","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131584/file/246118#t=1768.0,1770.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131584/file/246118/transcript/69144/annotation/164","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"ESSERMAN, SANDY: . . . The Hadassah.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131584/file/246118#t=1770.0,1771.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131584/file/246118/transcript/69144/annotation/165","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"ESSERMAN, NEAL: . . . The Hadassah would sell bulbs for flowers. That was their big deal. They'd go door to door selling bulbs. I don't think you would do that today but that was their big money raising thing.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131584/file/246118#t=1771.0,1782.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131584/file/246118/transcript/69144/annotation/166","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"ESSERMAN, SANDY: That's right.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131584/file/246118#t=1782.0,1784.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131584/file/246118/transcript/69144/annotation/167","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"FISHMAN: Tell me a little bit about the store, what that sort of meant for the community [and] for your family.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131584/file/246118#t=1784.0,1791.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131584/file/246118/transcript/69144/annotation/168","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"ESSERMAN, SANDY: Everybody knew about Esserman store wherever I went to school, where you went to school.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131584/file/246118#t=1791.0,1797.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131584/file/246118/transcript/69144/annotation/169","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"ESSERMAN, NEAL: We were not anonymous.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131584/file/246118#t=1797.0,1799.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131584/file/246118/transcript/69144/annotation/170","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"ESSERMAN, SANDY: No.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131584/file/246118#t=1799.0,1800.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131584/file/246118/transcript/69144/annotation/171","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"ESSERMAN, NEAL: You didn't pick your nose in public because somebody would know who you were.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131584/file/246118#t=1800.0,1803.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131584/file/246118/transcript/69144/annotation/172","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"ESSERMAN, SANDY: Exactly.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131584/file/246118#t=1803.0,1804.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131584/file/246118/transcript/69144/annotation/173","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"ESSERMAN, NEAL: We were well aware of that.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131584/file/246118#t=1804.0,1806.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131584/file/246118/transcript/69144/annotation/174","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"ESSERMAN, SANDY: We all grew up in the store and we all knew that our dads went to work. There was never going to be, \"Oh, I don't feel like getting up and going to work today.\" Christmas, while everybody else was all excited and we're going to have Christmas vacation. That was like the busiest time for our family. Seasonal things. We knew . . . everybody who worked in the store. Everybody was friendly to us. When we were old enough to participate in any way, wrapping presents or whatever, we were part of it. I don't know . . . did your mom work in the store? My mom didn't.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131584/file/246118#t=1806.0,1846.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131584/file/246118/transcript/69144/annotation/175","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"ESSERMAN, NEAL: Didn't.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131584/file/246118#t=1846.0,1847.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131584/file/246118/transcript/69144/annotation/176","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"ESSERMAN, SANDY: I was going to say our moms . . .","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131584/file/246118#t=1847.0,1849.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131584/file/246118/transcript/69144/annotation/177","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"ESSERMAN, NEAL: . . . The women were left out.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131584/file/246118#t=1849.0,1852.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131584/file/246118/transcript/69144/annotation/178","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"ESSERMAN, SANDY: Yes, pretty much left out. There were men and women in the store and sometimes Faye would come. Did Rose may have? I don't remember if she did.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131584/file/246118#t=1852.0,1862.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131584/file/246118/transcript/69144/annotation/179","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"ESSERMAN, NEAL: No, Rose didn't. Faye would come down and help out at Christmas time.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131584/file/246118#t=1862.0,1863.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131584/file/246118/transcript/69144/annotation/180","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"ESSERMAN, SANDY: Yes, that's right. But the store was, in other words everybody knew that our folks owned the store.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131584/file/246118#t=1863.0,1874.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131584/file/246118/transcript/69144/annotation/181","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"ESSERMAN, NEAL: We were not anonymous.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131584/file/246118#t=1874.0,1875.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131584/file/246118/transcript/69144/annotation/182","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"ESSERMAN, SANDY: No, and every once in a while, on Facebook, people will say, I remember shopping in your dad's store and it's . . . Again, it was another kind of a community experience.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131584/file/246118#t=1875.0,1890.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131584/file/246118/transcript/69144/annotation/183","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"FISHMAN: Yes, I'm sure it really helped sort of ingratiate you into the community. Even though you were a minority, it seems like from talking to other folks in your family that you were really so much a part of the fabric of the community because of the store and because your family was so much a part [of it].","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131584/file/246118#t=1890.0,1907.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131584/file/246118/transcript/69144/annotation/184","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"ESSERMAN, SANDY: I think we knew internally that we were the minority and were growing up in a Christian society. We weren't picked on or abused . . .","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131584/file/246118#t=1907.0,1915.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131584/file/246118/transcript/69144/annotation/185","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"ESSERMAN, NEAL: . . . No, you weren't picked on, but you also would have Rosh HaShanah and the next day you would go back for your big test.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131584/file/246118#t=1915.0,1924.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131584/file/246118/transcript/69144/annotation/186","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"ESSERMAN, SANDY: Yes.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131584/file/246118#t=1924.0,1926.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131584/file/246118/transcript/69144/annotation/187","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"ESSERMAN, NEAL: There were no accommodations.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131584/file/246118#t=1926.0,1928.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131584/file/246118/transcript/69144/annotation/188","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"ESSERMAN, SANDY: That's right.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131584/file/246118#t=1928.0,1929.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131584/file/246118/transcript/69144/annotation/189","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"ESSERMAN, NEAL: . . . No one was sensitive to the fact that you might have a big test the day after one of the Jewish holidays.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131584/file/246118#t=1929.0,1934.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131584/file/246118/transcript/69144/annotation/190","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"ESSERMAN, SANDY: You'd been in temple all day long. Yes.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131584/file/246118#t=1934.0,1935.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131584/file/246118/transcript/69144/annotation/191","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"ESSERMAN, NEAL: Yes, so that was . . . That's still stood out to me.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131584/file/246118#t=1935.0,1941.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131584/file/246118/transcript/69144/annotation/192","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"ESSERMAN, SANDY: My dad was the one who felt like he should go around to whatever community events or churches and try to explain the Jewish . . .","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131584/file/246118#t=1941.0,1949.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131584/file/246118/transcript/69144/annotation/193","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"ESSERMAN, NEAL: . . . Uncle Jule did too.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131584/file/246118#t=1949.0,1950.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131584/file/246118/transcript/69144/annotation/194","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"ESSERMAN, SANDY: Yes, and Uncle Jule. The Jewish holidays, the Jewish experience. We didn't feel like we were not supposed to talk about being Jewish. We didn't go out there like our fathers did. But I think my father, especially, who could never stop talking if you got him started on this subject, he felt like if you can educate people around you, you're being accepted. I think that worked in a big way.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131584/file/246118#t=1950.0,1978.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131584/file/246118/transcript/69144/annotation/195","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"ESSERMAN, NEAL: I do have an anecdote about the story that my dad told me about years ago when the farmers would bring in their one cotton crop a year. They would sell their crop and get their years’ worth of income. [He told me] that a lot of them did not feel safe putting their money in the bank, so the only place they felt safe was leaving the money at the safe at Esserman's. He would say that his mother would always be worried about it because you've got all these people annual income sitting in the safe. But I thought it was interesting that these folks who are basically, a lot of them, illiterate farmers. The only place they felt comfortable with was leaving their money with the Jews.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131584/file/246118#t=1978.0,2025.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131584/file/246118/transcript/69144/annotation/196","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"ESSERMAN, SANDY: They trusted them.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131584/file/246118#t=2025.0,2027.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131584/file/246118/transcript/69144/annotation/197","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"FISHMAN: Thank you for sharing that story.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131584/file/246118#t=2027.0,2030.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131584/file/246118/transcript/69144/annotation/198","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"ESSERMAN, NEAL: I also remember him telling me the story. I just thought of this one about people coming in to rub their heads to make sure that they didn't have horns. They'd bring their kids in to rub their heads to make sure that they didn't have horns, that they were normal people.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131584/file/246118#t=2030.0,2048.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131584/file/246118/transcript/69144/annotation/199","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"FISHMAN: Are there any other memories or stories or anything else you would like to share?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131584/file/246118#t=2048.0,2054.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131584/file/246118/transcript/69144/annotation/200","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"ESSERMAN, SANDY: Probably, but we'll think of them in the middle of the night.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131584/file/246118#t=2054.0,2056.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131584/file/246118/transcript/69144/annotation/201","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"FISHMAN: That's okay.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131584/file/246118#t=2056.0,2058.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131584/file/246118/transcript/69144/annotation/202","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"ESSERMAN, SANDY: The last thing I just want to say. There's no way I can explain it, but the atmosphere of the temple, the sunlight coming through those big windows, the building, which is this really adorable building. It's still in such great, great shape. It was never filled up to capacity. It was never overwhelmingly about the people, but the atmosphere, very modest stage, the Torah cabinet, every place I've ever been since then. There's a lot more stuff going on, and so the simplicity of it all. It's a memory that I have. As I said . . . we had a service Friday night. It was beautiful. The place was filled up like we had never seen it. It filled up on Rosh HaShanah and Yom Kippur, but we have all these out-of-town people. It still felt because that's the intimate environment, and it was a really warm, good feeling. A lot of warm good feelings the way that Rome looks right now. But that particularly, I don't know how they survived, there's so few Jewish people, but it's really wonderful.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131584/file/246118#t=2058.0,2129.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131584/file/246118/transcript/69144/annotation/203","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"FISHMAN: That's really lovely.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131584/file/246118#t=2129.0,2131.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131584/file/246118/transcript/69144/annotation/204","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"ESSERMAN, NEAL: Thank you for doing this.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131584/file/246118#t=2131.0,2132.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131584/file/246118/transcript/69144/annotation/205","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"FISHMAN: Thank you both so much. We really appreciate it.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131584/file/246118#t=2132.0,2133.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131584/file/246118/transcript/69144/annotation/206","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"ESSERMAN, NEAL: Thanks.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131584/file/246118#t=2133.0,2134.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131584/file/246118/transcript/69144/annotation/207","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"ESSERMAN, SANDY: Thank you.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131584/file/246118#t=2134.0,2135.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131584/file/246118/transcript/69144/annotation/208","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"FISHMAN: Today is April 14, 2024. My name is Casey Fishman, and I am with Eddie Esserman, who has agreed to participate in this oral history interview for the Esther and Herbert Taylor Oral History Project for the William Breman Jewish Heritage Museum. Thank you so much for your participation. We are here in Rome, Georgia today for the Esserman Family Reunion. We're just going to ask you a few questions about growing up in Rome. Can you please start by stating your name and when you were born and where you grew up?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131584/file/246118#t=2135.0,2167.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131584/file/246118/transcript/69144/annotation/209","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"ESSERMAN, EDDIE: My name is Edward N. \"Eddie\" Esserman, and I was born January 16, 1949, in Indianapolis [Indiana]. Spent a year when I was about six, in Louisville, Kentucky. Then when my dad died, my mom moved us a back to Rome, where both of my parents grew up, in March of 1956.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131584/file/246118#t=2167.0,2189.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131584/file/246118/transcript/69144/annotation/210","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"FISHMAN: What were your parents’ names?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131584/file/246118#t=2189.0,2191.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131584/file/246118/transcript/69144/annotation/211","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"ESSERMAN, EDDIE: Moses Esserman and Mindell Esserman.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131584/file/246118#t=2191.0,2194.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131584/file/246118/transcript/69144/annotation/212","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"FISHMAN: Okay. They both grew up here.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131584/file/246118#t=2194.0,2198.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131584/file/246118/transcript/69144/annotation/213","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"ESSERMAN, EDDIE: They did.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131584/file/246118#t=2198.0,2198.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131584/file/246118/transcript/69144/annotation/214","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"FISHMAN: Okay. That's interesting . . . I'm sure it was a very small Jewish community when they were growing up.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131584/file/246118#t=2198.0,2204.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131584/file/246118/transcript/69144/annotation/215","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"ESSERMAN, EDDIE: It certainly was.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131584/file/246118#t=2204.0,2207.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131584/file/246118/transcript/69144/annotation/216","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"FISHMAN: . . . Where were their parents from?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131584/file/246118#t=2207.0,2210.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131584/file/246118/transcript/69144/annotation/217","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"ESSERMAN, EDDIE: My mother was raised here by her aunt, Pearl Mendelson and her husband, Phil Mendelson up on what we called the hill, which was on Davis Drive, which is off North Broad Street. My dad's parents lived and grew up in the Esserman house, which was, I believe, right across the street from the synagogue.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131584/file/246118#t=2210.0,2236.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131584/file/246118/transcript/69144/annotation/218","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"FISHMAN: Okay. Can you tell me a little bit about growing up here? How old were you when you came here?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131584/file/246118#t=2236.0,2243.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131584/file/246118/transcript/69144/annotation/219","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"ESSERMAN, EDDIE: I was seven.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131584/file/246118#t=2243.0,2244.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131584/file/246118/transcript/69144/annotation/220","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"FISHMAN: Seven. Okay.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131584/file/246118#t=2244.0,2245.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131584/file/246118/transcript/69144/annotation/221","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"ESSERMAN, EDDIE: I was the child of a single mom who was not affiliated with the store. My childhood was a little different than my cousins. In that we didn't . . . It was hard for my mom as a single mom to raise a son by herself. She didn't have a lot of money, so we sort of got by.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131584/file/246118#t=2245.0,2271.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131584/file/246118/transcript/69144/annotation/222","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"FISHMAN: Did she work?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131584/file/246118#t=2271.0,2273.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131584/file/246118/transcript/69144/annotation/223","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"ESSERMAN, EDDIE: She did. She worked at my dad's brother's store, which was the Lad n' Lassie. Then she sold some insurance from time to time. Just sort of worked and took care of me.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131584/file/246118#t=2273.0,2290.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131584/file/246118/transcript/69144/annotation/224","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"FISHMAN: Can you sort of describe the community when you were growing up either the Jewish community or just what it was like growing up here?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131584/file/246118#t=2290.0,2298.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131584/file/246118/transcript/69144/annotation/225","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"ESSERMAN, EDDIE: It was like most small towns. When you're a kid, you probably don't want to be in a small town. I know I didn't, having spent my first years in Indianapolis and Louisville. You get to Rome, and you go, \"There's not a lot to do here.\" I had a few friends, some Jewish, most of them were not Jewish. I was fairly close to my cousins, Neal and Andy and Paula and Sandy. Although it was interesting, they had already, since they were all born here, kind of formed their bond and kinship, love for each other. Then, poof, at seven I drop in on them and they went, \"Who is this interloper that's in our family?\" That was me. My friends were certainly them, by family and by religious holidays and events. Then my other friends tended [to] drift to the geeker side. I was very interested in ham radio as a kid and got involved with a bunch of kids who were similarly inclined.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131584/file/246118#t=2298.0,2386.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131584/file/246118/transcript/69144/annotation/226","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"FISHMAN: Can you describe . . . what a Jewish holiday looked like with your family . . . ?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131584/file/246118#t=2386.0,2395.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131584/file/246118/transcript/69144/annotation/227","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"ESSERMAN, EDDIE: There was always the kids table at a Passover Seder, which is coming up, and I'm glad I don't get to sit at the kids table anymore. They were loud. They were crowded. They were fun. They were long, by my clock and just full of love. You could feel the family all in one of our houses celebrating Passover, which was great. I think Passover is the holiday that tends, maybe it's because it's next week, but tends to stand out as sort of when we all got together in someone's home and the family . . .","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131584/file/246118#t=2395.0,2435.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131584/file/246118/transcript/69144/annotation/228","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"FISHMAN: . . . It's one of the Jewish holidays that really is just celebrated in the home and not in a synagogue like Rosh HaShanah or . . .","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131584/file/246118#t=2435.0,2442.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131584/file/246118/transcript/69144/annotation/229","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"ESSERMAN, EDDIE: . . . It is and to me that's really special. Then there would be Hanukkah, which we think sort of synagogue centric. Certainly Yom Kippur, which was always way too long, and Rosh HaShanah and those were synagogue centric.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131584/file/246118#t=2442.0,2454.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131584/file/246118/transcript/69144/annotation/230","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"FISHMAN: Right. This was a chance for the whole family to congregate and really spend time together. Do you have any specific anecdotes or memories or just from growing up here, like a particular story that stands out from your childhood?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131584/file/246118#t=2454.0,2475.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131584/file/246118/transcript/69144/annotation/231","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"ESSERMAN, EDDIE: I knew you were going to ask me that, but I didn't spend enough time thinking about it.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131584/file/246118#t=2475.0,2478.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131584/file/246118/transcript/69144/annotation/232","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"FISHMAN: It's really okay. You don't have . . .","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131584/file/246118#t=2478.0,2487.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131584/file/246118/transcript/69144/annotation/233","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"ESSERMAN, EDDIE: . . . I just remember arriving in Rome and thinking, Hmm, this is where my family is from.\"","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131584/file/246118#t=2487.0,2497.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131584/file/246118/transcript/69144/annotation/234","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"FISHMAN: It was your father's family, correct.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131584/file/246118#t=2497.0,2500.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131584/file/246118/transcript/69144/annotation/235","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"ESSERMAN, EDDIE: It was my father and my mother.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131584/file/246118#t=2500.0,2501.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131584/file/246118/transcript/69144/annotation/236","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"FISHMAN: And your mother. Okay.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131584/file/246118#t=2501.0,2502.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131584/file/246118/transcript/69144/annotation/237","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"ESSERMAN, EDDIE: Because they both grew up here, met, and got married . . . My dad's business took him around the country to Indianapolis and Oklahoma, I think, and Louisville. I guess my mother made what you would call today an audible, and when my dad died just moved back to Rome because her aunt was still alive, who raised her. For comfort and security, I suppose, and support. Presto bingo, I'm just literally overnight, moved into this place called Rome, Georgia, which when you're a kid, you don't really appreciate all that there is in Rome, which is why so special for Steven [indistinct:","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131584/file/246118#t=2502.0,2550.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131584/file/246118/transcript/69144/annotation/238","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"possibly \"Blue\"] and I to put together this reunion. Which came about quite by happenstance. We were in Brunswick, Georgia for Steven's wife's mother's memorial service, which was delayed by Covid. He said, \"Several people have tried a Rome reunion going back 15 years or so and we've never been able to pull it off. Steven and Elsie and Denise, who’s my wife, were sitting together in a booth at a diner in Brunswick. We looked at each other and said, \"We can do this. Let's pull it off. Let's get everybody together.\"","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131584/file/246118#t=2550.0,2589.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131584/file/246118/transcript/69144/annotation/239","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"FISHMAN: . . . Where do you live now?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131584/file/246118#t=2589.0,2590.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131584/file/246118/transcript/69144/annotation/240","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"ESSERMAN, EDDIE: I live in St. Simons Island [Georgia].","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131584/file/246118#t=2590.0,2591.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131584/file/246118/transcript/69144/annotation/241","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"FISHMAN: Okay. What's it like to be back here with your whole family or many members of your extended family?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131584/file/246118#t=2591.0,2598.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131584/file/246118/transcript/69144/annotation/242","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"ESSERMAN, EDDIE: It's just great, I have so many memories. Some of them are really warm and cuddly, and some of them not so much, but it's nice to see Rome is still here. It's still a really friendly, close knit community. Changed and yet not changed at all.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131584/file/246118#t=2598.0,2620.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131584/file/246118/transcript/69144/annotation/243","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"FISHMAN: Some other folks have talked about the synagogue and how it was always a very warm and welcoming and familiar place. Filled with lots of family and people who felt like family. What was your experience like at Rodeph Sholom?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131584/file/246118#t=2620.0,2634.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131584/file/246118/transcript/69144/annotation/244","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"ESSERMAN, EDDIE: It was like that always. I was bar mitzvahed there and went to Sunday school there. Went to most Friday night services there. When we walked in Friday night there was a feeling of \"I'm back home.\"","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131584/file/246118#t=2634.0,2650.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131584/file/246118/transcript/69144/annotation/245","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"FISHMAN: That's really beautiful.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131584/file/246118#t=2650.0,2652.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131584/file/246118/transcript/69144/annotation/246","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"ESSERMAN, EDDIE: I'm back in this place that I know so well and know where everything is. How it all works, how it looks. My wife whispered, “Were you bar mitzvahed here?\" I went, \"Right up there.\" Standing on an inverted Coca-Cola crate because I was so short. [Interviewee and Interviewer both laugh] Probably still would need . . . one today.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131584/file/246118#t=2652.0,2679.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131584/file/246118/transcript/69144/annotation/247","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"FISHMAN: We've been talking to other members of your family. They mentioned that even though there was a small Jewish community in Rome, no one really experienced any antisemitism. I was wondering if that was your experience as well.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131584/file/246118#t=2679.0,2695.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131584/file/246118/transcript/69144/annotation/248","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"ESSERMAN, EDDIE: Generally speaking, yes, but I remember a couple of instances where the kids either mean spiritedly or jokingly said things that weren't particular kind. I discovered an old, I guess, middle school annual, and a guy that I knew, liked, and actually ran into later in St. Simons because he lived there. I was looking through our yearbook and he wrote, \"Heil Hitler\" in it. I went, \"Oh\" with his name which I don't need to mention here but [I thought] that's really weird. I didn't particularly feel it as an antisemitic comment at the time, and I don't believe that it was to this day, but it was just . . . he wrote it. I read it, and now I take great offense to it. But no, I didn't, that's a really isolated story that I share with you. I imagine that in the background there was always some \"You're Jewish.\" Whether that was meant with ill spirit or not, I don't know, because we are Jewish. It's like saying, \"Oh, they go to the Catholic Church.\" I think most of what I felt was their Baptist, their Presbyterian, their Jewish, and just a commentary on their choice for lifestyle. No, I don't think I felt that which is good.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131584/file/246118#t=2695.0,2812.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131584/file/246118/transcript/69144/annotation/249","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"FISHMAN: Yes.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131584/file/246118#t=2812.0,2813.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131584/file/246118/transcript/69144/annotation/250","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"ESSERMAN, EDDIE: Certainly, less so than I would expect today's youth feels. I think that those feelings are far more expressive, common, and divisive than they were when I was growing up. I have a 26 year old daughter, and I suspect she's had a lot more of that than I did growing up.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131584/file/246118#t=2813.0,2844.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131584/file/246118/transcript/69144/annotation/251","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"FISHMAN: Do you have . . .","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131584/file/246118#t=2844.0,2847.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131584/file/246118/transcript/69144/annotation/252","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"ESSERMAN, EDDIE: . . .  We could ask her, but I think so.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131584/file/246118#t=2847.0,2848.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131584/file/246118/transcript/69144/annotation/253","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"FISHMAN: Is she here?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131584/file/246118#t=2848.0,2849.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131584/file/246118/transcript/69144/annotation/254","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"ESSERMAN, EDDIE: She is.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131584/file/246118#t=2849.0,2850.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131584/file/246118/transcript/69144/annotation/255","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"FISHMAN: Do you have any other particular memories or stories or just reflections on growing up here that you would like to share?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131584/file/246118#t=2850.0,2860.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131584/file/246118/transcript/69144/annotation/256","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"ESSERMAN, EDDIE: I'm sorry I don't but . . .","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131584/file/246118#t=2860.0,2861.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131584/file/246118/transcript/69144/annotation/257","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"FISHMAN: . . . It's okay.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131584/file/246118#t=2861.0,2864.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131584/file/246118/transcript/69144/annotation/258","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"ESSERMAN, EDDIE: It's wonderful to come back.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131584/file/246118#t=2864.0,2869.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131584/file/246118/transcript/69144/annotation/259","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"FISHMAN: It's so nice that you were able to gather so many, so much extended family to congregate here.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131584/file/246118#t=2869.0,2876.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131584/file/246118/transcript/69144/annotation/260","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"ESSERMAN, EDDIE: It was just amazing that we pulled this off and got representatives . . . I met family here that I met for the first time, this weekend.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131584/file/246118#t=2876.0,2887.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131584/file/246118/transcript/69144/annotation/261","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"FISHMAN: That's wonderful.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131584/file/246118#t=2887.0,2891.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131584/file/246118/transcript/69144/annotation/262","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"ESSERMAN, EDDIE: That is why you should have a reunion, to see that family that you see ever so often, and then discover new family members for the first time who are contemporaries of mine, not their children or newborn babies, but people within a decade of my age and go, \"You know, I have never met you before.\" We had posters made of the family tree, big ones. We'd go look at it and go, \"I'll be darn, there's a guy that lives just up the road from me in Savannah and he comes down from this branch of the tree.\" We're in the same family. It was . . . that was the magic of the weekend for me.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131584/file/246118#t=2891.0,2930.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131584/file/246118/transcript/69144/annotation/263","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"FISHMAN: That's really wonderful. That's really, really beautiful. Kudos to you for putting this together.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131584/file/246118#t=2930.0,2939.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131584/file/246118/transcript/69144/annotation/264","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"ESSERMAN, EDDIE: Thank you. It was fun.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131584/file/246118#t=2939.0,2941.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131584/file/246118/transcript/69144/annotation/265","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"FISHMAN: Thank you so much, Eddie. We really appreciate you taking the time to talk with us.  Today is April 14, 2024. My name is Casey Fishman, and I am with Ann Levin who has agreed to participate in this oral history interview for the Esther and Herbert Taylor Oral History Project for the William Breman Jewish Heritage Museum. Thank you so much for your participation. Ann, can you please start off by saying your name and where you grew up?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131584/file/246118#t=2941.0,2967.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131584/file/246118/transcript/69144/annotation/266","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"LEVIN: Ann Levin. I grew up in Rome, Georgia. I was born in Floyd County Hospital. I lived in Rome until I went away to college, so I've lived in Rome 1945 until 1963 . . .","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131584/file/246118#t=2967.0,2989.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131584/file/246118/transcript/69144/annotation/267","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"FISHMAN: Describe Rome when you were growing up. What was it like? I know that you had a lot of family and extended family but tell me what the community was like for you.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131584/file/246118#t=2989.0,2997.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131584/file/246118/transcript/69144/annotation/268","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"LEVIN: It was a small, caring, tightly knit Jewish community that functioned amazingly well given our small size and numbers. Rodeph Sholom was certainly a centerpiece of that part of my growing up. In addition to that, there was the family, the Esserman family. My mother was an Esserman.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131584/file/246118#t=2997.0,3037.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131584/file/246118/transcript/69144/annotation/269","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"FISHMAN: Can you tell me your parents’ names and your grandparents’ names?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131584/file/246118#t=3037.0,3044.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131584/file/246118/transcript/69144/annotation/270","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"LEVIN: My grandparents were Anna and Pressley Esserman, and that's who I'm named for. My full name is Ann Pressley Levin. My parents are Rose Esserman Levin and Jule Levin. My dad was a native of Cincinnati, who was a traveling salesman and came to Rome as part of his route selling women's coats and dresses and suits. He went to Esserman's to sell to my grandfather, Pressley Esserman, to show his display of merchandise and got invited to the family home and there he met my mother.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131584/file/246118#t=3044.0,3088.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131584/file/246118/transcript/69144/annotation/271","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"FISHMAN: Was this the big house?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131584/file/246118#t=3088.0,3096.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131584/file/246118/transcript/69144/annotation/272","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"LEVIN: The big house, and there he met my mother and that was the beginning of their romance. It's a similar story that you heard from my cousin. I don't know if she told you, but Joan Rusitzky, who's the daughter of Mildred Esserman Feinbloom. Same story, Joan's father was a traveling salesman and came to Rome and met my mother's sister, Mildred. That too happened at the big house . . . Here comes another person. Anyway, Esserman's were . . . I had in Rome, I had a sister and I had four first cousins who lived here. Plus, Eddie was my third cousin, plus Beth, who will show up, who's a third cousin. There was the immediate closest with the first cousins and their parents. All of whom were partners in Esserman store. We lived in great proximity to one another. We had holidays together. Our ages, when we were little, it seemed like we were far apart in age. I was the oldest of the Rome cousins. But in retrospect, we're very close in age. It was the antithesis of the experience that my children had growing up in Boston [Massachusetts] with a much more, large anonymous community, urban, etc. I have very fond memories of Rome. It was a great place to live and grow up. I think the challenges for me were that, as I've written, and you've read. Sorry about all this noise . . . [Turns to observe the noise in the background]","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131584/file/246118#t=3096.0,3237.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131584/file/246118/transcript/69144/annotation/273","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"FISHMAN: Is this part of your reunion that they're saying goodbye?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131584/file/246118#t=3237.0,3239.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131584/file/246118/transcript/69144/annotation/274","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"LEVIN: That's all them, they're all saying goodbye.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131584/file/246118#t=3239.0,3241.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131584/file/246118/transcript/69144/annotation/275","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"FISHMAN: Oh, that's very sweet. That's some good background noise to have. The sound of the Esserman’s all saying goodbye to each other.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131584/file/246118#t=3241.0,3253.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131584/file/246118/transcript/69144/annotation/276","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"LEVIN: My parents were extremely usual in the Rome community and in the Rome Jewish community. They were liberals. They were outspoken civil rights advocates and activists. I really grew up in a household where inequality and social justice were dinner table conversations. I had an awareness instilled in me from an early age of the injustices of the whole Jim Crow era and the system . . .  within which we lived in the South. I was very attuned to questions and matters of inclusion and exclusion and discrimination and prejudice. Very much bothered by the racism that was both interpersonal, as well as systemic. Even as a young kid or a teenager, I was often taking unpopular opinions and positions and discussions, whether it was in school, or just in social interaction with peers.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131584/file/246118#t=3253.0,3342.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131584/file/246118/transcript/69144/annotation/277","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"FISHMAN: How was that received by your peers?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131584/file/246118#t=3342.0,3346.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131584/file/246118/transcript/69144/annotation/278","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"LEVIN: I don't really remember. I think . . . probably I was a mixture of a social critic and a sort of a well-brought with Southern manners, Rome girl. I think I probably blended the critique with the accoutrements of the social roles that were expected me. I had many wonderful opportunities in Rome. I felt like I was a big fish in a little pond, and it was easy to be outstanding and to excel and to have really wonderful opportunities. Partly due to my parents and things that they fostered. I was a talented, I guess you would say, pianist and I had opportunities in Rome to perform a lot, really a lot. I studied with a quite accomplished piano faculty member at Shorter College . . . starting at age five. She really was a strict taskmaster who groomed me in European piano pedagogy, and I was compliant type. I performed a lot. I had an opportunity to perform when I was a teenager with the Rome Symphony Orchestra as a piano soloist. Things that I'd never would have been able to do if I had lived elsewhere. In my high school, I was editor of the newspaper. I was on everything there was to do. It was like being a star or a big fish in this little pond. That was very much what my dad was like too. He loved living in Rome. He was an outsider. He was a quote, \"Yankee\" who was seen by a lot of the traditionalists as a, pardon the expression \"Nigger Lover\" and a \"Commie\" [slang for Communist]. He was called every name in the book because of his politics and social values. But he also did a tremendous amount of outreach in terms of bridging the Jewish community and the non-Jewish community and the white and black communities. He spoke at churches and talked about Judaism. He did a lot of outreach in terms of building bridges and coalitions. I guess around 1960, he kind of reached the pinnacle of that community involvement when he became president of the Chamber of Commerce, which really meant that the white business power structure really respected him and saw him as leader even though he was not a native. He was not a good old boy of the South, and he didn't tow the party line about, \"This is how we live here, and these are our customs, etc.\" He was able to blend in and yet to be an outsider at the same time. I think in a way, thinking retrospectively now, that as a child growing up and a teenager, and within my dad and his career, there were a lot of parallels. It is easy to shine in Rome and we had a lot of friends, but my parents were not shy about their politics. When the writing was on the wall about school desegregation. There already was a private boys' school in Rome, Darlington, which two of the people you've interviewed attended, and that was sort of the middle, upper middle class elite boys destination. When the writing was on the wall that the schools were about to get integrated, the public schools, there was a movement to create a parallel private school for girls. My parents were approached because they were seen as candidates who would want their daughters to have excellent education. My mother flatly refused. She told the recruiter, so to speak, with no hesitation on their first meeting, \"No way, we are not interested. We're public schools all the way through.\" That was . . . their mantra. They told stories about the presidential election, I guess it would have been 1960 when [John F.] Kennedy was running. They were invited to an election party on the night of the voting, and they came in wearing their Kennedy banners and stickers and they were the only Democrats in the whole group. It was very much a Jewish, I don't know if it was entirely the Jewish gathering, but it was at the home of a prominent Jewish Rome family. Somehow, they were able to navigate that and be friends with people who were arch, ardent segregationists, who really wanted to preserve the status quo. That's kind of my background.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131584/file/246118#t=3346.0,3741.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131584/file/246118/transcript/69144/annotation/279","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"FISHMAN: It's really interesting.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131584/file/246118#t=3741.0,3745.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131584/file/246118/transcript/69144/annotation/280","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"LEVIN: Then I went to Emory for almost two years. It was interesting because my . . . I'd had a very limited or non-existent social life in terms of Jewish peers in Rome. Also, a very limited social life in terms of dating. When I got to Emory, there was a lot of pressure to join a sorority, a Jewish sorority. I had a lot of hesitation. It just didn't seem like my scene, but I was also afraid to be a nonconformist in that setting because the pressure was on, and the message was, if you want to meet Jewish boys and you want to be in the dating scene, this is how you do it. This is how you get [tape stops and restarts] After much angst and anxiety and whatever, whatever debate, I agree that I would go through pledging. There was only one Jewish sorority at Emory at the time. I did join with trepidation, and I was always, again, a quasi-outsider. I was watching it at the same time that I was in it. It was like a little sociologist at work. I wasn't thrilled, it was an era. It was before the feminist movement, and it was a time when, frankly, I think a lot of the women in the sorority really were very bright, and I don't think they would have gotten into Emory otherwise. They were geographically mostly from the Southeast, but not entirely. People were smart, but their priorities were absolutely on dating and mating . . . There was kind of this mantra about, by the end of your first year you were supposed to be, if I can remember this right, lavaliered. Lavaliere was like a; I think it was a necklace or something that showed you were in a relationship with a boy. Then after the next year, in theory second year, you would be pinned that meant you wore your boyfriend's fraternity pin. Then after your junior year, you would be engaged. Then people would plan their weddings to coincide with graduation. A lot of people were on that trajectory, and they got paired up very, very early. I don't know how many of them really lasted but I . . . just didn't fit the mold. The break for me really came in my second year, so now I was in the sorority, and we were having rush for the incoming first year students, Jewish women or girls as we were all called in that era. I remember [Interviewee pauses and asks if someone wants to go tell the noisy crowd to quiet down. Interviewee tells them to quiet down] We were meeting and holding these little teas and whatevers for incoming first year Jewish students. I remember there were 21, I believe it was 21 of them who were first year students, maybe 20. We met them in several different venues and on several different occasions. Then the sorority . . . members would get together and they would like dissect and hash each one of the candidates and talked about whether she would be appropriate. When it got down to the wire, the bottom line was that we were going to issue invitations to every one of the new first year Jewish women in their entering class, except for one. I remember [the] sorority meeting where, and she was from New York . . . her whole demeanor, her whole affect, whole appearance was different. I remember someone said in the meeting, \"She has this funny, weird mannerism with her eyes.\"  I just exploded, I said, \"Anyone who's ever worn contact lenses can tell, she's a new contact lenses wearer.\" But that did it for me. I was furious, and at that point. I and one other friend, at the time resigned from the sorority. We took our rings, and we threw them into the lake at Emory. It was not well-received, and it meant that we were setting ourselves up for ostracism, and exclusion in terms of all this dating network stuff. But is this off the subject? No, [let me back up and] let me tell you one more Emory sorority story. When I was a senior in high school and I had been accepted to Emory, the Jewish sorority reached out to me and invited me to come to Emory for a weekend and to stay in the dorm. Your husband works there, so he'll love these stories. I hope it’s not like that anymore. Again, if the sororities had been like religiously mixed but they weren't. It's not like the one from New York who's not invited had any options.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131584/file/246118#t=3745.0,4150.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131584/file/246118/transcript/69144/annotation/281","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"FISHMAN: Right.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131584/file/246118#t=4150.0,4156.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131584/file/246118/transcript/69144/annotation/282","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"LEVIN: She was like solo now. But anyway, the Jewish sorority . . . there were two Jewish fraternities and one Jewish sorority. But in my senior year of high school, it was AEPhi, Alpha Epsilon Phi. They contacted me in Rome and invited me to come to Atlanta and spend a weekend at Emory. They were going to introduce me to people and there was a big AEPi [Alpha Epsilon Pi] conclave, or I can't remember what it was called. A big AEPi weekend, and I would have a date to go to the Saturday night event . . . I went to Emory, and I met all these women and stayed in the dorm. It's very different from, like, going to college and going to classes or really getting a sense of the campus. It was very social oriented. Anyway, I had this date, and we went to this huge place in Atlanta. I don't remember where it was, but Ray Charles was performing. I think that AEPhi boys and dates had come from all over the Southeast, so this was like the yearly bash. I had this date, who obviously was not to taken with me should I say. He parked me at a table, and I was 16, I had skipped a grade in school, so I was a year younger when I graduated. People were drinking and he parked me at a table and went to go get a drink for him and probably a Coke for me. There was a lot of music, it was loud. There's dancing, whatever. He would come back to the table periodically. But my memory is that as the evening went on, the lapses of time that he was away from the table got longer and longer and longer. At a certain point, I decided, I'm out of here and I got up and I went outside and there was like security guards or whatever. I said, \"I need a cab to go back to Emory.\" I got a cab, went back to Emory, went to the dorm, had a key, went in the room, got in the bed, went to sleep. At some point that night, they discovered I was missing at that the big fraternity bash. They freaked out. They couldn't find me. Then I don't know how long it took, but at some point, they found out that I had gone back to the dorm. Again, I had these nonconformist. It was pretty . . .","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131584/file/246118#t=4156.0,4340.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131584/file/246118/transcript/69144/annotation/283","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"FISHMAN: . . . Seems like that was probably instilled in you from . . . the way you were raised . . .","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131584/file/246118#t=4340.0,4345.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131584/file/246118/transcript/69144/annotation/284","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"LEVIN: . . . I think so. Even though it was very much pre-feminist era. There was just these things about me that were not willing to put up with.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131584/file/246118#t=4345.0,4359.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131584/file/246118/transcript/69144/annotation/285","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"FISHMAN: Yes.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131584/file/246118#t=4359.0,4360.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131584/file/246118/transcript/69144/annotation/286","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"LEVIN: Yes. I guess I learned Southern manners and Southern comportment and conformity to a certain degree in Rome. But I also learned to dissent and to speak out, etc. I've overstayed too long, and people are probably waiting. But if you have other questions.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131584/file/246118#t=4360.0,4387.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131584/file/246118/transcript/69144/annotation/287","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"FISHMAN: That was really wonderful, Ann. Thank you so much. That was perfect.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131584/file/246118#t=4387.0,4392.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131584/file/246118/transcript/69144/annotation/288","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"LEVIN: . . . My parents, 30 years ago, my husband, Larry Beeferman and I, while my parents were still alive, wanted to set up a fund in Rome in their honor because of their civil rights work. We've had to move that fund about six times to try to have a headquarters where it will be managed and administered, and an award given every year. We've had a lot of trouble and we've had to constantly stay on top of it, and it's been so much work. We were in Rome about a year and a half ago. We stayed at Berry in one of the cottages, and I had some interactions with people at Berry. I'd begun to learn more about Berry, and they have a civil rights website on the Berry website, civil rights page. We just decided through our Rome networks to investigate whether we could relocate the fund there. We are absolutely thrilled because for the first time, we feel like we have confidence, we have leadership, people who really get it and are on the same political page. We met with the diversity director at Berry. They're a rising school . . . I predict is going to become more and more prominent and well respected. Good for you and congratulations on being there, so thank you so much.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131584/file/246118#t=4392.0,4503.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131584/file/246118/transcript/69144/annotation/289","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"FISHMAN: Thank you so much, Ann. This was really lovely. We appreciate it.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131584/file/246118#t=4503.0,4506.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131584/file/246118/transcript/69144/annotation/290","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"LEVIN: I hope I did not pontificate too much.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131584/file/246118#t=4506.0,4508.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131584/file/246118/transcript/69144/annotation/291","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"FISHMAN: You absolutely did not.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131584/file/246118#t=4508.0,4511.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131584/file/246118/transcript/69144/annotation/292","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"LEVIN: It was not until I was a junior in college. I left Emory and I transferred to University of Michigan as a junior. It was only in my junior year of college that for the first time, there was a student of color in one of my classrooms. I knew that I did not want my children to have the same experience that I had. Living in Boston area, it's very, very easy to live in suburbs. The city is very racially segregated, despite its progressive reputation. We were committed to living in the city. We wanted our kids in public schools and multi-racial, multicultural schools . . . starting with kindergarten or preschool, they have really had . . . My daughter here, she could say more, but really broad experiences that are the antithesis of what . . . my experiences were. That's been important in terms of the next generation. Thank you so much.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131584/file/246118#t=4511.0,4595.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131584/file/246118/transcript/69144/annotation/293","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"FISHMAN: . . . Today is April 14, 2024. My name is Casey Fishman, and I am with Paula Wachsteter, who has agreed to participate in this oral history interview for the Esther and Herbert Taylor Oral History Project for the William Breman Jewish Heritage Museum. Thank you so much for being here, Paula. Can you please start by stating your name, when you were born, and where you grew up?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131584/file/246118#t=4595.0,4618.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131584/file/246118/transcript/69144/annotation/294","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"WACHSTETER: My name is Paula Esserman Wachsteter. I was born here in Floyd County on July 24, 1948. I was born at Floyd Hospital. I grew up in Rome, Georgia . . . through a sort of transitional time.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131584/file/246118#t=4618.0,4639.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131584/file/246118/transcript/69144/annotation/295","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"FISHMAN: Tell me about that.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131584/file/246118#t=4639.0,4641.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131584/file/246118/transcript/69144/annotation/296","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"WACHSTETER: I'm sorry.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131584/file/246118#t=4641.0,4642.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131584/file/246118/transcript/69144/annotation/297","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"FISHMAN: Transitional in what way?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131584/file/246118#t=4642.0,4645.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131584/file/246118/transcript/69144/annotation/298","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"WACHSTETER: In 1948, Israel had just become a state, so I am told . . . all the history buffs would know this. I was the first bat mitzvah here in Rome only because the rabbi, and . . . several members of the congregation had informed me that there had never been a bat [mitzvah] there had been confirmations, but there had never been a bat mitzvah, because at that time and in that era, they didn't allow women to say the blessing over the Torah. I thought, \"Why not? What makes men so special that the women cannot participate in that.\"","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131584/file/246118#t=4645.0,4701.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131584/file/246118/transcript/69144/annotation/299","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"FISHMAN: Was this your idea to have the bat mitzvah or did someone present it to you?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131584/file/246118#t=4701.0,4707.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131584/file/246118/transcript/69144/annotation/300","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"WACHSTETER: The rabbi presented it to me, and I said, \"How much work is it going to be?\" Little did I know. I knew I had already studied Hebrew, and really all I had to do was sort of pick a date. I don't remember what day it was that I did it. But I remember studying very hard. At that time, we didn't have all the technology that we have today. But . . . he would give me tapes to rehearse, to sing the blessings. I sang the blessing before the Torah in Hebrew. I sang the blessing after the Torah. Then you also have to sing the blessings before and after the Haftarah portion, which is sort of the transliteration of what you just read. I had to rehearse and rehearse and rehearse. It took a lot, and at that time, and that day and age, we didn't have so many extracurricular things going on. But I . . . enjoyed it. Of course . . . they give you gifts and all kinds of stuff, and we had gifts and parties and I enjoy[ed it]. It was nice after all the hard work and studying. I knew that my mom had bought me a new dress to wear for it because we had a clothing store downtown. I was just thrilled to death that I got to wear some new duds. I think I was even given some jewelry, nice jewelry to put on. I got to wear a tallit or tallis. But they treated women, still a little differently. I've always been one of these people that, why are woman treated differently. Just because the guys can do it, don't tell me that the girls can't do it. Because I thought I'm just as good as they. It's like, I'm woman, watch me roar. I'm kind of like Ann in that respect, my cousin Ann Levin. She was always one of these . . . she excelled in everything; she knew how to do. She had the presence of mind; she could overcome anything. I admired that . . . Viewing her, she was like a big sister to me because I didn't have a big sister, I had a younger sister, Sandy. Of course, sometimes she would drive me nuts. But that's the job of a sister, not to be your best friend or your mentor, but to drive you a little bit nuts. Anyway. . . but I had a good life here in Rome the whole time I was growing up. In fact, I had two young Jewish friends that were members of the congregation. We were in Sunday School together. We were in religious school together. I remember one girl's name was Ilene Miller, the other was Susan Gavant. They have since passed away, which really is very sad to me. They had good lives, they did well, but they were my close buddies. But we had a good life here. My dad . . . Hyman was very. He was very liberal, in that day and age not many people were liberal. But he was one of these, because of our store, we didn't have separate dressing rooms for black and white. Or separate bathrooms for black and white. That was unheard of. The woman changed in the same dressing rooms. They went to the same bathrooms, and nothing was ever . . . there were no labels.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131584/file/246118#t=4707.0,4980.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131584/file/246118/transcript/69144/annotation/301","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"FISHMAN: Was that a problem in the community?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131584/file/246118#t=4980.0,4982.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131584/file/246118/transcript/69144/annotation/302","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"WACHSTETER: If it was, I didn't hear it. But back then sometimes parents kept you sheltered from things. Ann's mom didn't keep us sheltered. She kind of let us in on the fact, there's this side and then there's that side. There's black and there's white, and the two are not supposed to meet, but Aunt Rose was part of the, not part of the sit-ins, but when in the 1960's when people sat in at the counters at Murphy's, not 1960's, but way back when they did this. I didn't realize that she, when these young black people were interviewed, and when they were sent to jail, she sat down with her bravery and interviewed these young people, and she wrote about it. She documented everything she did. There are some well-known attorneys in Rome who were not in favor of black integration. I didn't know this when I was younger. I found out later on in life, I found out who they were. I thought, \"You got to be kidding.\" These are college educated people. What the hell were they thinking? My dad was in the . . . Navy. But his parents . . . my grandmother used to . . . go and visit the poor and the sick, and she would take food to them. Even though she had a house full of kids, she would always make time to make something extra, and take it to whoever was sick or dying or just not feeling good. That was just always instilled in me that you [have] got to help people. I just grew up being taught that no one is too good or too bad to help them out. Even if they . . . like the rich, need help just as much as the poor need help because you never know what this rich person came up from. It's like it's a blessing. It's really a blessing that they're here, that they've made it. I was always taught you got to give a little to get a little. Even today, my husband and I are in the Exchange Club here in Rome. What the Exchange Club does is . . . our passion, our national passion is we are preventers of child abuse. That is our number one goal. It's really . . . it's like it's reached epidemic proportions. But we are so involved that everything we do in our family resource center here is the largest CAP [Child Abuse Prevention] center in Georgia. We have, oh gosh, we have well over 100, almost 200 something members which when I say this and you think, \"Oh, I've never heard of an Exchange Club.\" We exchange ideas, but we help people out. Right now, my husband and I were doing a sock drive because the homeless shelters here in Rome, one of their main things, but anywhere, the main thing that people need and don't have are socks. That seems like a very basic thing . . . If people at the meetings, we always announce, if you want to just give us money, we'll take your money. Usually Buzz will say, \"Paula and I, we'll go shopping.\" When we do, when we go shopping, we pile up the carts. People look at us like, \"My God, they use a lot of socks.\" But it's not for us, it's for these shelters where these people just, because some of these folks don't have families or they don't have local families that can pitch in and do for them, so this is what we do. We love it. It's fun and it's too bad that it's a necessity, but it happens. It does. But I didn't mean to get off track.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131584/file/246118#t=4982.0,5295.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131584/file/246118/transcript/69144/annotation/303","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"FISHMAN: Oh no, that's okay. I was going to say Paula, we're here at the Esserman family reunion in Rome. We've talked to a lot of your cousins and your sister. It seems like for the most part, everyone has dispersed. But are you the only one that has remained in Rome?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131584/file/246118#t=5295.0,5310.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131584/file/246118/transcript/69144/annotation/304","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"WACHSTETER: Yes. I probably am.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131584/file/246118#t=5310.0,5312.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131584/file/246118/transcript/69144/annotation/305","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"FISHMAN: Tell me about that.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131584/file/246118#t=5312.0,5314.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131584/file/246118/transcript/69144/annotation/306","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"WACHSTETER: It's funny, I went to school at the University of Tampa. It sounded like a good idea. I could go to the beach. I could do whatever I wanted to do. Of course, when I got down to Tampa, I figured out if I'm going to be able to stay here, there's just one catch. I had to study. I thought, \"Oh dear God.\" Because I really, I was what we considered a \"C\" student. I was not an \"A\" student. I wasn't failing, but I was not accelerated or anything like that. I had to, for those C's, I had to struggle, and I had to really, really work for it. Even then, my memory was not as good as I wanted it to be. If I busted my butt, then I could maybe make a B on a test. I was . . .  at that point. But I loved my life here in Floyd County, I really did. I'd had a lot of friends. We used to . . . My parents used to invite them over to the house . . . we'd have parties there. I'd have a dance at my house because in our den, we had, like this record player . . . I could have different . . . I loved it. I thought that this was, \"Hey, this is good.\" But I loved high school, elementary . . . to me it was fun. I . . . knew that there were not a lot of Jewish kids here in Rome but that really didn't bother me a lot, because [at] that time the teachers that I had like Ann's mother and different people they . . . instilled in us that we were special. We were not just everyday kids sitting down, we were very special, we were God's chosen people. I believed this all my life. I kept thinking, \"How wonderful is this, we're God's chosen people. Hey, we're good.\" I felt like I was always looked up to and I liked that. When I got to the University of Tampa, there were a lot of young Mexicans there. They liked me. I'm not sure why they liked me. I guess, I used to love to go and get pizzas at night, like late at night especially. I love to hear them speak Spanish because to me that was a beautiful language. It was just . . . It flowed good. They could talk . . . sometimes they would talk so fast, I didn't understand what they said. They thought that I was funny because I had this Southern drawl. When I met my husband, he would have me speak into a microphone, and then he would sort of say, \"You're not saying that right, try this way.\" He wouldn't always say it like that though. But I've really have had a good life here. Like I said, there were not a lot of Jewish people, but we did a lot with what we had to work with. We would always celebrate anything that the kids were doing in religious school was a big deal. A confirmation was a big deal. A bar or bat mitzvah, which means daughter of the covenant, so being considered a daughter of the covenant, I really thought I was some hot shit. A bar mitzvah where you're a son of the covenant, that's pretty damn important. I thought to myself when I was much younger, I thought, if a boy can have a bar mitzvah, he's considered a covenant, a son of the covenant. I want to be just like that. Why can't I? I like I said . . . I've never enjoyed the word \"no.\" No is kind of complicated for me. I don't do \"no's\" well . . . I'm not a [sporty] person, so I don't do challenges well, but I . . . work for what I really want to do. In fact, last night, not last night, Friday night when we were at temple, we . . . took the Esserman Torah out of the ark. We didn't undress it, we didn't do all that, but we held it. My husband held it because I had to hold onto my cane and make sure I was to fall on my butt and embarrass everybody. But he held the Esserman Torah, which meant so much to me. My great granddaughter was named Friday night. She is all of two years, well, she's about to be three years old. She has hit the three years, took the terrible threes head on . . . prior to becoming two, she had hit the terrible twos. I thought that the terrible twos were bad. No, no, no, no, the terrible threes far outweigh the terrible twos . . . She's a sweetheart. A week before she was born, she weighed three pounds. Scared the hell out of me because all I could think of was, I remembered everybody over the news or that had a three pound baby, they didn't make it. I thought, \"Please God, please don't let her carry this child . . . Please, we can't do this.\" But after the examination was over . . . she had to have prednisone shots. She had to have one that day that we left the doctor, and the next day, because she was . . . going to give birth the following week. Luckily, Chloe weighed four pounds and six ounces. Thank God for that. Yes, and she's a feisty little thing now . . . She's two years and six months, almost three years old, and as I said, she can kick some butt.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131584/file/246118#t=5314.0,5733.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131584/file/246118/transcript/69144/annotation/307","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"FISHMAN: That's really beautiful that the family was able to congregate and celebrate a life cycle event during this special weekend.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131584/file/246118#t=5733.0,5745.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131584/file/246118/transcript/69144/annotation/308","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"WACHSTETER: Oh, yes . . . Shelley has this new precious grandbaby, this precious little grandson. He just listen, he can yell with the best of them. To me, this is wonderful.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131584/file/246118#t=5745.0,5757.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131584/file/246118/transcript/69144/annotation/309","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"FISHMAN: It's so beautiful . . . to meet your family and extended family and hear stories of what it was like for you all growing up together. We really so appreciate you taking the time to talk with us.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131584/file/246118#t=5757.0,5769.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131584/file/246118/transcript/69144/annotation/310","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"WACHSTETER: Thank you.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131584/file/246118#t=5769.0,5770.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131584/file/246118/transcript/69144/annotation/311","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"FISHMAN: Thank you so much.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131584/file/246118#t=5770.0,5772.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131584/file/246118/transcript/69144/annotation/312","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"WACHSTETER: Oh, is there anything else that I need to . . .","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131584/file/246118#t=5772.0,5774.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131584/file/246118/transcript/69144/annotation/313","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"FISHMAN: No, that was perfect.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131584/file/246118#t=5774.0,5775.251"}]},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131584/file/246118/annotation_set/1437","type":"AnnotationPage","label":{"en":["Annotations [Transcript]"]},"items":[{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131584/file/246118/annotation_set/1437/annotation/314","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eCasey Fishman is the Archivist and Director of the Ida Pearle and Joseph Cuba Archives for the Southern Jewish History at The William Breman Museum in Atlanta, Georgia. She previously worked at The Jewish Museum in New York, the Boston’s Carter School and the Archives of the Jewish Theological Seminary in New York. Casey studied art history at Columbia University, Jewish art and literature at The Jewish Theological Seminary, and art therapy at Lesley University.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131584/file/246118#t=0.0,34.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131584/file/246118/annotation_set/1437/annotation/315","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe William Breman Jewish Heritage Museum in Atlanta celebrates and commemorates Jewish history, culture, and art through events and museum spaces. The Breman also contains the Cuba Family Archives for Southern Jewish History, which houses thousands of manuscripts, oral histories, and photograph collections, related to southern Jewish history and the Holocaust. \u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131584/file/246118#t=0.0,34.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131584/file/246118/annotation_set/1437/annotation/316","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eRockmart is located in Polk County Georgia. It is about 47 miles northwest of Atlanta. It was incorporated in 1872 and was a depot town for the Southern Railway. The city was named for the abundant deposits of slate in the area.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131584/file/246118#t=34.0,37.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131584/file/246118/annotation_set/1437/annotation/317","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eHattie Esserman Rives (1898-1997) was a native of Rome, Georgia. She was the oldest child of Joseph and Fannie Mendelson Esserman. Her grandparents were David and Lena Esserman. She married Morris Rives and they lived in Cedartown, Georgia, where he operated a clothing store. Hattie and Morris had two children, Joseph and Jerry.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131584/file/246118#t=58.0,110.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131584/file/246118/annotation_set/1437/annotation/318","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eDavid Esserman (1841-1917) was born in Russia and immigrated to the United States in 1898. He and his family settled in Rome, Georgia. He was a rabbi in training and became the spiritual leader of Rodeph Sholom synagogue until his death. He and his wife, Lena, had seven sons, Joseph, Pressely, Edward, Sam, Louie, Charles, and Harry. His sons, Pressely and Joe started Esserman \u0026amp; Company, a dry good stores in 1896, which later became Esserman’s, a department store.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131584/file/246118#t=58.0,110.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131584/file/246118/annotation_set/1437/annotation/319","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eLena Medelie Esserman (1845-1923) was born in Russia and immigrated to the United States in 1898. She settled in Rome, Georgia with her husband and sons. She and her husband, David, had seven sons, Joseph, Pressely, Edward, Sam, Louie, Charles, and Harry. Her sons, Pressely and Joe started Esserman \u0026amp; Company, a dry good stores in 1896, which later became Esserman’s, a department store.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131584/file/246118#t=58.0,110.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131584/file/246118/annotation_set/1437/annotation/320","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eRome, Georgia is located in northeastern Georgia in the foothills of the Appalachian Mountains. It the largest city in and the county seat in Floyd County, Georgia. It was incorporated in 1834 and is named after Rome, Italy.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131584/file/246118#t=58.0,110.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131584/file/246118/annotation_set/1437/annotation/321","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eCedartown is the county seat of Polk County, Georgia. It is located in northwest Georgia. Cherokee and Creek Native Americans were the first inhabitants but were forced out on the Trail of Tears in the 1830’s. During the Civil War in1865, the city was burned to the ground by Union forces. After the war, the city became an industrial center with fabric mills, iron works, and a Goodyear tire company factory, but today the city relays more on corporate operating centers. In 1971, country music artist, Waylon Jennings had a minor hit with the ballad, “Cedartown, Georgia.”\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131584/file/246118#t=58.0,110.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131584/file/246118/annotation_set/1437/annotation/322","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eJoe Rives (1928-1985) was a native of Cedartown, Georgia and son of Morris and Hattie Esserman Rives. He attended the University of Georgia and New York University. He married Betty Sue Blumenfeld in 1949. She passed away in 1972. He later married Elaine Fenster and they were married until his death in 1985.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131584/file/246118#t=114.0,122.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131584/file/246118/annotation_set/1437/annotation/323","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eBetty Sue Blumenfeld Rives (1931-1972) was born in Dothan, Alabama and later moved to Rockmart, Georgia. Her parents were Isador and Martha Blumenfeld. Her father operated a clothing store in Rockmart. Betty graduated from Rockmart High School and attended the University of Georgia. She was married to Joe Rives and they had four children, Fran, Jack, Steve, and Beth.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131584/file/246118#t=114.0,122.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131584/file/246118/annotation_set/1437/annotation/324","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe Darlington School is a co-ed, independent boarding and day school in Rome, Ga., for students in pre-K through high school. The school was founded in 1905 by John Paul and Alice Allgood Cooper. The school was named in honor of Joseph James Darlington, who taught at J. M. Proctor School for Boys in Rome. Initially, the school was only for boys, but in 1973 the school consolidated with Thornwood School for Girls.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131584/file/246118#t=132.0,151.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131584/file/246118/annotation_set/1437/annotation/325","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe Famous Store was a department store located in Rockmart, Georgia. It was started by Isador Blumenfeld in 1940. He later sold the store to his son-in-law, Joe Rives, who owned and operated the many years.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131584/file/246118#t=152.0,201.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131584/file/246118/annotation_set/1437/annotation/326","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eIsador Blumenfeld (1910-2001) was born in Brinson, Georgia, but lived in Dothan, Alabama for time and eventually moved to Rockmart, Georgia. He started The Famous Store in Rockmart in 1940. He eventually sold the store to his son-in-law, Joe Rives. He and his wife Martha had two children, Betty Sue and Alvin.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eMartha Goldman Blumenfeld (1910-2007) was born in Muskegon, Michigan and later lived in Chicago, Illinois. She married Isador Blumenfeld on January 1, 1929 in Savannah, Georgia. She worked with her husband in his clothing store businesses. They had two children, Betty Sue and Alvin.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131584/file/246118#t=202.0,206.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131584/file/246118/annotation_set/1437/annotation/327","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eOne of the antisemitic stereotypes about Jewish people is they have horns. The idea came from widespread medieval imagery that was based upon a misinterpretation of the Hebrew Bible when it was translated into Latin. The Hebrew phrase garen pnei Moshe was translated as “horns around Moses’ face” even though garen alternative meaning was “glorified” or “rays of light.” The imagery was widely portrayed in art during the Middle Ages and led to the widespread idea that all Jewish had devilish horns. This stereotype and others were seized on by the Nazis to characterize Jews as sub-human or disfigured humans.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131584/file/246118#t=214.0,245.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131584/file/246118/annotation_set/1437/annotation/328","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eIn October 1962, tensions between the United States and the Soviet Union rose when the Soviet Union sought to install medium-range nuclear weapons in Cuba. The Cuban Missile Crisis ended after the Soviet Union offered to withdraw the missiles in exchange for the United States promise not to invade Cuba and a secret promise of the U.S. to withdraw missiles near Turkey. Nikita Khrushchev’s terms were seen as a defeat for the Soviet Union and by 1964, party leaders had pushed Khrushchev from power. Just prior to his death in 1971, the secret terms regarding Turkey were made public.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131584/file/246118#t=250.0,271.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131584/file/246118/annotation_set/1437/annotation/329","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eTorah [Hebrew: teaching] is a general term that covers all Jewish law including the vast mass of teachings recorded in the Talmud and other rabbinical works. “Sefer Torah” refers to the sacred scroll on which the first five books of the Bible (the Pentateuch) are written, but it is often shortened simply to \"Torah\" in casual speech and writing.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131584/file/246118#t=271.0,334.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131584/file/246118/annotation_set/1437/annotation/330","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eA hanukiah (or chanukiah) is the proper term for a candelabra with nine branches that is lit during Hanukkah. Since Hanukkah lasts for eight days it permits the lighting of eight candles, one for each day, by the ninth candle. Generally, the candelabra used at Hanukkah is almost always called a menorah. However, the menorah, which has only seven branches, is an ancient symbol of the Jews and which has become connected with Hanukkah. According to the Talmud, after the desecration of the Jewish Temple in Jerusalem, there was only enough pure oil left to fuel the eternal flame in the Temple for one day. Miraculously, the oil burned for eight days which was enough to make new pure oil. The Talmud states that it is prohibited to use a seven-branched menorah outside of the Temple so the Hanukkah menorah (hanukiah) has nine branches.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131584/file/246118#t=271.0,334.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131584/file/246118/annotation_set/1437/annotation/331","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eAntisemitism is prejudice against, hostility to, or hatred of Jews.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131584/file/246118#t=271.0,334.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131584/file/246118/annotation_set/1437/annotation/332","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eHanukkah or Chanukah [Hebrew: dedication] is an eight-day festival of lights usually falling around Christmas on the Christian calendar. Hanukkah celebrates the victory of the Maccabees in 165 BCE over the Seleucid rulers of Palestine, who had desecrated the Temple. The Maccabees wanted to re-dedicate the Temple altar to Jewish worship by rekindling the menorah (ritual candelabra) but could only find one small jar of ritually pure olive oil. This oil continued to burn miraculously for eight days, enabling them to prepare new oil. The Hanukkah menorah, or hanukiah, with its nine branches, is used to commemorate this miracle by lighting eight candles, one for each day, with the ninth candle.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131584/file/246118#t=271.0,334.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131584/file/246118/annotation_set/1437/annotation/333","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe High Holy Days are the two holiest times of the Jewish calendar: Rosh HaShanah (Jewish New Year) and Yom Kippur (Day of Atonement).\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131584/file/246118#t=271.0,334.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131584/file/246118/annotation_set/1437/annotation/334","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eRodeph Sholom Congregation, a Reform synagogue in Rome, Georgia, was established in 1875 by David Jacob Meyerhardt. The congregation occupies a building built in 1938. It is affiliated with the Union for Reform Judaism. As of 2022, it does not have a full-time rabbi but two rabbis from suburban Atlanta (Rabbi Judith Beiner and Rabbi Steven Lebow) take turns traveling to Rome and leading services.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131584/file/246118#t=339.0,390.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131584/file/246118/annotation_set/1437/annotation/335","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eA bar mitzvah [Hebrew: son of commandments; plural: b’nai mitzvah] is a rite of passage for Jewish boys aged 13 years and one day. At that time, a Jewish boy is considered a responsible adult for most religious purposes. He is now duty-bound to keep the commandments, he puts on tefillin, and may be counted to the minyan quorum for public worship. He celebrates the bar mitzvah by being called up to the reading of the Torah in the synagogue, usually on the next available Sabbath after his Hebrew birthday.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131584/file/246118#t=339.0,390.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131584/file/246118/annotation_set/1437/annotation/336","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eDuring the Holocaust, concentration camp prisoners received tattoos only at one location: the Auschwitz-Birkenau concentration camp complex. Tattooing was introduced at Auschwitz in the autumn of 1941 for Soviet prisoners of war. In March 1942, tattoos were used to identify prisoners at Auschwitz II (Birkenau). By the spring of 1943, the SS authorities throughout the entire Auschwitz complex adopted the practice of tattooing almost all previously registered and newly arrived prisoners, including female prisoners. Prisoners were given tattoos on their forearms of their camp serial number, which was also sewn onto their uniforms. Only prisoners selected for work were registered and given serial numbers; those that were sent directly to the gas chambers were not registered or given tattoos. The biggest group of those deported to Auschwitz-Birkenau was Jews from more than 20 European countries. Until 1944, both Jewish men and women were ascribed with numbers from general series. In May 1944, the camp authorities decided to distinguish all Jewish prisoners with a separate system of numbered series. An assumption was to start the Jewish women and men series with subsequent letters of the alphabet. In such a system, from May 1944 until the end of the camp's functioning, there were: 20,000 numbers with a letter \"A\" issued to male Jewish prisoners; 15,000 numbers with a letter \"B\" issued to male Jewish prisoners; 30,000 numbers with a letter \"A\" issued to female Jewish prisoners.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131584/file/246118#t=399.0,405.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131584/file/246118/annotation_set/1437/annotation/337","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe term “concentration camp” refers to a camp in which people are detained or confined, usually under harsh conditions and without regard to legal norms of arrest and imprisonment that are acceptable in a constitutional democracy. In Nazi Germany between 1933 and 1945, concentration camps (Konzentrationslager; briefly “KL” or “KZ”) were an integral feature of the regime. The Nazis differentiated between concentration camps, which were used to contain slave laborers and prisoners of the Nazi state, and extermination camps, whose primary purpose was the systematic killing of prisoners. Shortly after coming to power in 1933, the Nazis began to set up a series of concentration camps across Germany. Those were mostly local initiatives: facilities that the SA, SS, and police established on an ad hoc basis, where they would detain and abuse real and imagined enemies of the regime. By 1934, there were over 100 of these early camps in operation. When the Nazi regime came to power, they systematically persecuted both Jewish and non-Jewish Germans perceived to be opponents of the regime. Political opponents (Communists, Social Democrats, liberals) were some of the first victims housed in “temporary” detention centers like Lichtenburg. Jews, homosexuals, Freemasons, Jehovah's Witnesses, clergy who opposed the Nazis, and any others whose behavior—real or perceived—could be interpreted as being in opposition to Nazi political and racial ideologies were also persecuted and incarcerated. The Nazi regime refused to tolerate criticism, dissent, or nonconformity from the German people. Non-Jewish German political activists were treated harshly but other political opponents remained potentially valuable members of the German race. The goal behind their internment in and subsequent release from concentration camps was often a kind of reeducation that would see them fall into line with the regime’s political and racial ideologies. Between 1933 and 1939, tens of thousands of Germans were sentenced by the criminal courts. If authorities were confident of a conviction in court, the prisoner was turned over to the justice system for trial. If the outcome of criminal proceedings were unsatisfactory, the acquitted citizen or the citizen who was sentenced to a suspended sentence would still be taken into “protective detention” and incarcerated in a concentration camp. The first concentration camps were established in 1933. Various authorities set up the makeshift “camps” in empty warehouses, factories, and other locations. Camps were established in Oranienburg, north of Berlin; Esterwegen, near Hamburg; Dachau, northwest of Munich; and Lichtenburg, in Saxony. By the end of July 1933, almost 27,000 people were housed in these camps. Most of the prisoners were political opponents of the Nazi regime. By the end of 1934, most of these early camps were disbanded and replaced by a centrally organized concentration camp system under the exclusive jurisdiction of the SS.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131584/file/246118#t=399.0,405.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131584/file/246118/annotation_set/1437/annotation/338","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eBattey State Hospital was located in Rome, Georgia. It opened in 1943 during World War II as a temporary Army General Hospital. It was named after Dr. Robert Battey, a respected physician and Confederate Civil War veteran. In 1946, it became a hospital that specialized in tuberculosis patients. In 1973, the hospital was renamed the Northwest Georgia Regional Hospital at Rome and shifted its care focus to adult psychiatric care and treatment for alcohol and drug abuse. The facility closed in 2021 after the last long-term resident left the facility.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131584/file/246118#t=406.0,411.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131584/file/246118/annotation_set/1437/annotation/339","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eSeder [Hebrew: order] is a Jewish ritual feast that marks the beginning of the Jewish holiday of Passover. It is conducted on the evening of the fifteenth day of Nisan in the Hebrew calendar throughout the world. Some communities hold seder on both the first two nights of Passover. The seder incorporates prayers, candle lighting, and traditional foods symbolizing the slavery of the Jews and the exodus from Egypt. It is one of the most colorful and joyous occasions in Jewish life.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131584/file/246118#t=486.0,508.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131584/file/246118/annotation_set/1437/annotation/340","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003ePurim is a Jewish holiday that commemorates the deliverance of the Jewish people in the ancient Persian Empire from destruction in the wake of a plot by Haman, a story recorded in the Biblical Book of Esther. According to the Book of Esther, Haman planned to kill all the Jews, but Mordecai and his adopted daughter Queen Esther foiled his plans. The day of deliverance became a day of feasting and rejoicing. Some of the customs of Purim include drinking wine, wearing masks and costumes, and public celebration.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131584/file/246118#t=486.0,508.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131584/file/246118/annotation_set/1437/annotation/341","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003ePesach [Hebrew: Passover] is the celebration of Israel’s liberation from Egyptian bondage. The holiday lasts for eight days. Unleavened bread, matzo, is eaten in memory of the unleavened bread prepared by the Israelites during their hasty flight from Egypt, when they had not time to wait for the dough to rise. On the first two nights of Passover, the seder, the central event of the holiday, is celebrated.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131584/file/246118#t=486.0,508.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131584/file/246118/annotation_set/1437/annotation/342","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe Gideons International is an Evangelical Christian Association for men with an auxiliary for their wives. The organization was founded in 1899 in Janesville, Wisconsin. They are most recognized for distributing copies of scripture free of charge, paid for by freewill offerings from local churches and from members themselves. They distribute Bibles around the world in approximately 200 countries and territories. The distribution of the Bibles began in 1908 and today they distribute about over 70 million Bibles a year.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131584/file/246118#t=531.0,592.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131584/file/246118/annotation_set/1437/annotation/343","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eDothan is the county seat of Houston County in Alabama. It is located in the southeastern corner of the state and the eight-largest city by population in Alabama. The city is named after the biblical city where Joseph’s brothers threw him into a cistern and sold him for slavery in Egypt.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131584/file/246118#t=646.0,657.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131584/file/246118/annotation_set/1437/annotation/344","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eSavannah is the oldest city in the state of Georgia. It is a coastal city, separated from Charleston, South Carolina by the Savannah River. The city and the colony of Georgia was founded in 1733 when General James Oglethorpe and settlers arrived. During the Revolutionary War the city was the southernmost commercial port and during the Civil War it was the sixth most populous city in the Confederacy. City officials negotiated a peaceful surrender of the city in 1864, saving the city from destruction by General Sherman’s army. The city is known for its historic district with its 22 parklike squares, which was based on a design known as the Oglethorpe Plan.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131584/file/246118#t=662.0,689.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131584/file/246118/annotation_set/1437/annotation/345","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eMuskegon is the county seat of Muskegon County in Michigan. It located on Lake Michigan and is the most populous city on the lake’s eastern shore.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131584/file/246118#t=662.0,689.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131584/file/246118/annotation_set/1437/annotation/346","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe New York Yankees are a professional major league baseball team based in the New York City borough of the Bronx. The Yankees were founded in 1903. They have gone onto win 27 World Series championships, making them one of the most successful professional sports teams in the United States.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131584/file/246118#t=690.0,786.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131584/file/246118/annotation_set/1437/annotation/347","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe Ku Klux Klan (or Knights of the Ku Klux Klan today, also referred to as the KKK) is a white supremacist, white nationalist, anti-immigration, anti-Jewish, anti-Catholic, anti-Black secret society, whose methods have included terrorism and murder. It was founded in the South in the 1860s and then died out and has come back several times, most notably in the 1920s when membership soared again, and then again in the 1960s during the civil rights era. When the Klan was re-founded in 1915 in Georgia, the event was marked by a cross burning on Stone Mountain. In the past its members dressed up in white robes and pointed hoods designed to hide their identity and to terrify. It is still in existence.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131584/file/246118#t=827.0,892.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131584/file/246118/annotation_set/1437/annotation/348","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe American Legion is a patriotic organization of U.S. war veterans. It was founded in March 1919 in Paris, Frances by officers and men of the American Expeditionary Forces. In September 1919, it was chartered by the U.S. Congress. The organization is headquartered in Indianapolis, Indiana. The Legion played a leading role in drafting and passing the G. I. Bill. The organization is also active in organizing commemorative events, assisting at VA hospitals and lobbying on behalf of veterans and service members.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131584/file/246118#t=892.0,977.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131584/file/246118/annotation_set/1437/annotation/349","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eMaplewood in Rome, Georgia is a neighborhood located in northeast Rome, Georgia.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131584/file/246118#t=1096.0,1103.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131584/file/246118/annotation_set/1437/annotation/350","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eBrooklyn is a borough of New York City. It is named after the Dutch town of Breukelen. It is located on the westernmost edge of Long Island and shares a border with Queens.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131584/file/246118#t=1114.0,1131.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131584/file/246118/annotation_set/1437/annotation/351","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eHyman Esserman (1900-1989) was born in Rome, Georgia in his family’s apartment over the Esserman Department Store. He was the oldest son of Pressely and Anna Esserman. He took over the operation of the store from his father and operated it with his brother, Ben and brother-in-law, Jule. Hyman worked in the store until his retirement in 1987 and the store closed the year after. He served in the Navy during World War I. In 1946, he married Lillian Mintz and they had two daughters, Paula and Sandy.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131584/file/246118#t=1133.0,1165.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131584/file/246118/annotation_set/1437/annotation/352","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eLillian Mintz Esserman (1919-1982) was born in Brooklyn in New York City and grew up there. She met her husband, Hyman when he was on a buying trip to New York City. They married in 1946 and had two daughters, Paula and Sandy.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131584/file/246118#t=1133.0,1165.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131584/file/246118/annotation_set/1437/annotation/353","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eJoseph “Joe” Charles Esserman (1906-1973) was born in Rome, Georgia. He served in the United States Army during World War II. He was a retail merchant, first at Friedman and Company, a business started by his father Edward, and later at the Lad ‘n’ Lassie Shop.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131584/file/246118#t=1276.0,1277.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131584/file/246118/annotation_set/1437/annotation/354","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eSylvia Weinstein Esserman (1913-2004) was a native New Yorker who lived in the Bronx and Middletown, New York before marrying Joseph “Joe” Charles Esserman and moving to Rome, Georgia. She co-managed the Lad ‘n’ Lassie Shop in Rome with her husband.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131584/file/246118#t=1285.0,1300.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131584/file/246118/annotation_set/1437/annotation/355","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eLithuania is the southernmost of the Baltic States. Lithuania was an independent country from the end of World War I until 1940. During World War II, it was occupied by the Soviet Union and then Nazi Germany. The country was then reoccupied by the Soviets in 1944. In 1990, with the formal dissolution of the Soviet Union, Lithuania became the first Soviet republic to break away and reclaimed its independence. It is now a member of the European Union, the Schengen Agreement, and NATO.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131584/file/246118#t=1326.0,1350.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131584/file/246118/annotation_set/1437/annotation/356","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eElijah was a Jewish prophet and a miracle worker who lived in the northern kingdom of Israel during the reign of King Ahab. During Passover, an extra cup of wine is placed on the dinner table and the door is open inviting Elijah to enter. Elijah symbolized the hope to return to Israel.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131584/file/246118#t=1326.0,1350.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131584/file/246118/annotation_set/1437/annotation/357","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eAnne Penn (1933-2015) was born in Chattooga County, Georgia and grew up Rome, Georgia. She worked for a period of time as a maid for Jule and Rose Esserman Levin. She had three children, James, Constance and Lisa, who died when she was a baby.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131584/file/246118#t=1398.0,1434.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131584/file/246118/annotation_set/1437/annotation/358","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eMarion Weiss Esserman (1914-2008) was from Rochester, New York. She married Ben Esserman in 1948 and they lived in Rome, Georgia. She and Ben had one son, Neal.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131584/file/246118#t=1436.0,1437.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131584/file/246118/annotation_set/1437/annotation/359","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eBen Esserman (1902-1989) was born and raised in Rome, Georgia. He is the second child and son of Pressley and Anna Esserman. He and his brother, Hyman took over operation of the Esserman’s, the department store opened by their father. In 1948, he married Marion Weiss, and they had one son, Neal.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131584/file/246118#t=1436.0,1437.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131584/file/246118/annotation_set/1437/annotation/360","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eRochester is a city in Western New York, in Monroe County. It is the fourth most populous city in the state. The city was a manufacturing center, located in a river valley which gave rise to the flour mill industry and textiles industry. Many well-known American companies have come from Rochester including Kodak and Xerox. \u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131584/file/246118#t=1438.0,1440.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131584/file/246118/annotation_set/1437/annotation/361","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eWorld War II (abbreviated WWII or WW2) was a global war involving fighting in most of the world and most countries. Most countries fought in the years 1939–1945 but some started fighting in 1937. Most of the world's countries, including all the great powers, fought as part of two military alliances: the Allies and the Axis Powers. World War II was the largest and deadliest conflict in all of history. It involved more countries, cost more money, involved more people, and killed more people than any other war in history. Between 50 to 85 million people died. The majority were civilians. It included massacres, the deliberate genocide of the Holocaust, strategic bombing, starvation, disease, and the only use of nuclear weapons against civilians in history.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131584/file/246118#t=1443.0,1460.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131584/file/246118/annotation_set/1437/annotation/362","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eMildred Esserman Feinbloom (1905-1996) was born and raised in Rome, Georgia. She married William Feinbloom in 1932 and moved to Rochester, New York. They had two daughters, Ann and Joan. She was active in the community and serviced as a board member of the Rochester International Friendship Council.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131584/file/246118#t=1443.0,1460.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131584/file/246118/annotation_set/1437/annotation/363","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eNational Geographic is an American monthly magazine that is published by National Geographic Partners. The magazine was founded in 1888 as a scholarly journal. In 1905, it began to include pictures which it became well-known for. The magazine covers topics including geography, history, nature, science and world culture.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131584/file/246118#t=1475.0,1546.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131584/file/246118/annotation_set/1437/annotation/364","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe University of Georgia (UGA) is a public land grant university, which was founded in 1785 making it one of the oldest universities in the United States. Its main campus is in Athens, Georgia with two satellite campuses in Atlanta and Lawrenceville. It is the flagship school of the University System of Georgia.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131584/file/246118#t=1475.0,1546.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131584/file/246118/annotation_set/1437/annotation/365","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe University of Florida (commonly referred to as “Florida” or “UF”) is an American public university that was founded in 1853 and is located in Gainesville, in north central Florida. \u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131584/file/246118#t=1475.0,1546.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131584/file/246118/annotation_set/1437/annotation/366","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eHillel: The Foundation for Jewish Campus Life, also known as Hillel International, is the largest Jewish college campus organization in the world, working with college students globally. Hillel is represented at more than 850 colleges and communities. The foundation was founded in 1923 by Benjamin Frankel and today the organization aims to serve and support all kinds of Jewish students in expressing their Judaism. \u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131584/file/246118#t=1551.0,1567.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131584/file/246118/annotation_set/1437/annotation/367","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eRosh HaShanah [Hebrew: head of the year] begins the cycle of High Holy Days. It introduces the Ten Days of Penitence, when Jews examine their souls and take stock of their actions. On the tenth day is Yom Kippur, the Day of Atonement. The tradition is that on Rosh HaShanah, G-d sits in judgment on humanity. Then the fate of every living creature is inscribed in the Book of Life or the Book of Death. Prayer and repentance before the sealing of the books on Yom Kippur may revoke these decisions.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131584/file/246118#t=1599.0,1606.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131584/file/246118/annotation_set/1437/annotation/368","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eYom Kippur [Hebrew: “day of atonement”] The most sacred day of the Jewish year. Yom Kippur is a 25-hour fast day. Most of the day is spent in prayer, reciting yizkor for deceased relatives, confessing sins, requesting divine forgiveness, and listening to Torah readings and sermons. People greet each other with the wish that they may be sealed in the heavenly book for a good year ahead. The day ends with the blowing of the shofar (a ram’s horn).\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131584/file/246118#t=1599.0,1606.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131584/file/246118/annotation_set/1437/annotation/369","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eHebrew Union College-Jewish Institute of Religion (HUC-JIR), founded in 1875, is the oldest Jewish seminary in the Americas and the main training seminary for rabbis, cantors, educators, and communal workers in Reform Judaism. It has campuses in Cincinnati, New York, Los Angeles, and Jerusalem.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131584/file/246118#t=1644.0,1646.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131584/file/246118/annotation_set/1437/annotation/370","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eCincinnati is located on the Ohio River, in the state of Ohio. The city was incorporated in 1820 and today is the third largest city in the state.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131584/file/246118#t=1644.0,1646.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131584/file/246118/annotation_set/1437/annotation/371","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eJacksonville, Florida is located on the Atlantic coast in northeast Florida, about 25 miles south of the Georgia state line, and about 340 miles (550 kilometers) north of Miami. The city was established in 1822 and is named for Andrew Jackson, who was the first military governor of the Florida Territory and seventh U.S. President. \u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131584/file/246118#t=1660.0,1681.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131584/file/246118/annotation_set/1437/annotation/372","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eSt. Augustine is located on the northeast coast of Florida. It lays claim to being the oldest city in the United States having been founded in 1565 by Spanish explorers. It is known for its Spanish colonial architecture. The city served as the capital of Spanish Florida for over 200 years and designated as the capital of British East Florida when the colony was established in 1763. Britian returned Florida to Spain in 1783. Spain ceded Florida to the U.S. in 1819 and St. Augustine was designated one of the two alternating capitals of the Florida Territory with Pensacola being the other.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131584/file/246118#t=1660.0,1681.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131584/file/246118/annotation_set/1437/annotation/373","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eA bat mitzvah [Hebrew: daughter of commandments] is a rite of passage for Jewish girls aged 12 years and one day according to her Hebrew birthday. Many girls have their bat mitzvah around age 13, the same as boys who have their bar mitzvah at that age. The bat mitzvah girl is now duty bound to keep the commandments. Synagogue ceremonies are held for bat mitzvah girls in Reform and Conservative communities, but it has not won the approval of Orthodox rabbis.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131584/file/246118#t=1683.0,1700.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131584/file/246118/annotation_set/1437/annotation/374","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eOneg Shabbat literally “enjoyment of the Sabbath.” Originally it referred to social and cultural activities on Saturday afternoon. In the United States it is known as “Oneg” and refers to the social activity following a Friday night or Saturday morning service.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131584/file/246118#t=1718.0,1734.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131584/file/246118/annotation_set/1437/annotation/375","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eHadassah, the Women’s Zionist Organization of America, is a volunteer service organization founded in 1912 by Henrietta Szold. It currently has over 300,000 members and supporters worldwide. \u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131584/file/246118#t=1770.0,1771.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131584/file/246118/annotation_set/1437/annotation/376","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eEsserman and Company was founded by Pressley Esserman in 1896 in Rome, Georgia as a dry goods store. His sons Ben and Hyman Esserman operated the store with their father. The business became Esserman Department Store, or Esserman’s, which closed in 1987. Esserman’s was the first store in Rome to address Black customers as “Mr.” and “Mrs.” and Rome’s first downtown store to employ a Black salesperson to wait on both Black and white customers.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131584/file/246118#t=1791.0,1797.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131584/file/246118/annotation_set/1437/annotation/377","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eFaye Esserman (1911-2005) was a native of Rome, Georgia. She was sixth child and third daughter of Pressely and Anna Esserman. She worked at the family store, Esserman’s. Faye never married.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131584/file/246118#t=1852.0,1862.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131584/file/246118/annotation_set/1437/annotation/378","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eFacebook is a social media platform and social networking service that was founded in 2004 by Mark Zuckerberg and fellow Harvard college students Eduardo Saverin, Andrew McCollum, Dustin Moskovitz, and Chris Hughes. As of 2022, it claimed to have over 2.93 billion monthly users worldwide.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131584/file/246118#t=1875.0,1890.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131584/file/246118/annotation_set/1437/annotation/379","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe Aron Kodesh [Hebrew: Holy Ark; also sometimes called the “Ark” or the “Torah Ark”] is the holiest place in the synagogue and where the Torah scrolls are kept when not in use. The Aron Kodesh is situated in the front of the synagogue and is usually an ornate curtained-off cabinet or section of the synagogue built along the wall that most closely faced Jerusalem, the direction Jews face when praying.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131584/file/246118#t=2058.0,2129.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131584/file/246118/annotation_set/1437/annotation/380","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eIndianapolis is the capital and most populous city of Indiana in Marion County. It is located in Central Indiana, along the White River. Indigenous peoples inhabited the area dating to as early as 10,000 BC. In 1821, Indianapolis was founded as a planned city for the new seat of Indiana's state government. The city became a manufacturing and transportation hub. Indianapolis is home to five university campuses, and several museums, The Children's Museum of Indianapolis, the world's largest children's museum. The city is known for annually hosting the world's largest single-day sporting event, the Indianapolis 500. It is home to the largest collection of monuments dedicated to veterans and war casualties in the U.S. outside of Washington, D.C.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131584/file/246118#t=2167.0,2189.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131584/file/246118/annotation_set/1437/annotation/381","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eLouisville is the largest city in the state of Kentucky. It sits on the Ohio River along the Kentucky and Indiana border. The city is home to horse race course, Churchill Downs, where the Kentucky Derby is held each May. It is also home to Louisville Slugger factory and museum, where Major League baseball bats are manufactured.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131584/file/246118#t=2167.0,2189.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131584/file/246118/annotation_set/1437/annotation/382","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eMoses Esserman (1904-1956) was a Rome, Georgia native. He was oldest son of Edward and Yetta George Esserman. He married Mindell Rothenberg in 1930 and they had one son, Edward “Eddie.” He worked as a theater manager and traveling salesman. He lived in New York, Indianapolis, Indiana and Louisville, Kentucky. \u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131584/file/246118#t=2191.0,2194.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131584/file/246118/annotation_set/1437/annotation/383","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eMindell Rothenberg Esserman (1911-1999) was born in New York City to Nathan and Rebecca Rothenberg.  Her aunt and uncle Pearl and Phil Mendelson raised her in Rome, Georgia. She married Moses Esserman in 1930. They had one son, Edward “Eddie” who was born in 1949. After, her husband died, she returned to Rome, Georgia with Eddie. She worked at her brother-in-law, Joe Esserman’s store Lad n’ Lassie and at an insurance company.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131584/file/246118#t=2191.0,2194.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131584/file/246118/annotation_set/1437/annotation/384","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003ePhil Mendelson (1888-1947) was born in Poland, but later immigrated to the United States. He married Pearl Stavozinsky in New York City on May 7, 1913. He and Pearl settled in Rome, Georgia and he worked at the Rome Sand \u0026amp; Gravel Company. They raised Pearl’s niece, Mindell Rothenberg Esserman.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131584/file/246118#t=2210.0,2236.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131584/file/246118/annotation_set/1437/annotation/385","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003ePearl Stavozinsky Mendelson (1892-1977) was born in Lipsk, Poland, but immigrated to the United States in 1902. She was married to Phil Mendelson and the settled in Rome, Georgia. She and her husband helped to raise their niece Mindell Rothenberg Esserman.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131584/file/246118#t=2210.0,2236.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131584/file/246118/annotation_set/1437/annotation/386","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eLad n’ Lassie was a children’s clothing store in Rome, Georgia. It was owned and operated by Joseph Esserman, who was a cousin on Hyman and Ben Esserman.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131584/file/246118#t=2273.0,2290.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131584/file/246118/annotation_set/1437/annotation/387","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eBrunswick is a city on the southeast coast of Georgia. The city was settled in 1738 and founded in 1771. It is also known for its Old Town Historic District. During World War II, the city was an important port city and served as a strategic military location with a shipbuilding facility for the U.S. Maritime Commission. Today it is an urban and economic center in the lower southeast part of the state.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131584/file/246118#t=2550.0,2589.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131584/file/246118/annotation_set/1437/annotation/388","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eDenise Esserman (b. 1953) is married to Eddie Esserman. She is an attorney in Brunswick, Georgia. They lived in St. Simons Island, Georgia.  \u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131584/file/246118#t=2550.0,2589.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131584/file/246118/annotation_set/1437/annotation/389","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eSea Island is a privately owned, unincorporated area of Glynn County, Georgia, and is part of the Golden Isles of Georgia, which include St. Simons Island, Jekyll Island, Little St. Simons Island, and the mainland city of Brunswick. The Anschutz family of Denver, Colorado, owns two resorts with limited public access and maintains a gated community for around 500 single-family residences. Georgia's Sea Island is part of a long chain of barrier islands, also known as the \"Sea Islands\", located along the coasts of South Carolina, Georgia, and northern Florida between the Santee and St. Johns rivers.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131584/file/246118#t=2590.0,2591.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131584/file/246118/annotation_set/1437/annotation/390","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eCoca-Cola or Coke is a carbonated soft drink manufactured by the Coca-Cola Company. It was created in the late 19th century as an alcohol-free or temperance drink by John Stith Pemberton in Atlanta, Georgia. Coca-Cola leads in beverage sales when compared to its major competitor, the soft drink Pepsi. \u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131584/file/246118#t=2652.0,2679.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131584/file/246118/annotation_set/1437/annotation/391","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe Nazi salute, also called the 'German greeting' by the Nazi Party, 'Hitler greeting,' or ‘Sieg Heil’ salute, is a gesture that was used as a greeting by the German National Socialist (Nazi) party in the 1920s. The greeting later became compulsory in Nazi Germany.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131584/file/246118#t=2695.0,2812.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131584/file/246118/annotation_set/1437/annotation/392","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eFloyd County Hospital opened on July 4, 1942, in Rome, Georgia. In 2021, it combined with Atrium Health based in Charlotte, North Carolina. It is now known as Atrium Health Floyd. It is a 304-bed hospital with a Level II trauma center.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131584/file/246118#t=2967.0,2989.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131584/file/246118/annotation_set/1437/annotation/393","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003ePressley Esserman (1873-1944) was born in Riga, Latvia and immigrated to the United States with his brother, Joe. In 1896, the brothers started Esserman \u0026amp; Company in Rome, Georgia. The store was eventually taken over by Pressley’s sons, Hyman and Ben, who operated it into the late 1980’s. Pressley married Anna Friedman in 1898 and they had two sons and four daughters – Hyman, Ben, Mildred, Edna, Faye, and Rose.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131584/file/246118#t=3044.0,3088.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131584/file/246118/annotation_set/1437/annotation/394","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eRose Esserman Levin (1914-2002), a native of Rome, Georgia, spent her childhood and her early married life as a resident of Rome. A graduate of Shorter College, she was a salesperson and buyer at Esserman and Company in Rome. She was a Sunday School teacher at Congregation Rodeph Sholom in Rome and a volunteer with the American Red Cross during World War II. She was an activist during the Civil Rights era in Rome. She relocated with her husband and family to Cincinnati, Ohio in 1963.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131584/file/246118#t=3044.0,3088.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131584/file/246118/annotation_set/1437/annotation/395","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eJule G. Levin (1903-1994) was a native of Cincinnati, Ohio, who lived in Rome, Georgia after marrying Rose Esserman. He was a graduate of University of Cincinnati, College of Law. He was a co-founder of the Jewish Community Center in Cincinnati and served as its secretary and first membership president. While he lived in Rome, he was a partner in Esserman and Company and an activist during the Civil Rights era. He returned to Cincinnati in 1963, where he worked for I.C. Elman Company, which later became Elmex Inc., a national toy wholesale company.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131584/file/246118#t=3044.0,3088.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131584/file/246118/annotation_set/1437/annotation/396","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eAnna Friedman Esserman (1877-1928) was born in Russia and later immigrated to the United States, settling in Rome, Georgia. In 1898, she married Pressley Esserman, who was one of the founders of Esserman \u0026amp; Company. She and Pressley had two sons and four daughters – Hyman, Ben, Mildred, Edna, Faye, and Rose. \u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131584/file/246118#t=3044.0,3088.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131584/file/246118/annotation_set/1437/annotation/397","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eBoston, Massachusetts is the capital and largest city in the Commonwealth of Massachusetts. The city was founded in 1630 by Puritan settlers. During the American Revolution, the city was the location of various key events including the Boston Tea Party, the Boston Massacre, and the siege of Boston.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131584/file/246118#t=3096.0,3237.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131584/file/246118/annotation_set/1437/annotation/398","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eJoan Feinbloom Rusitzky is the daughter of William and Mildred Esserman Feinbloom. She is a native of Rochester, New York. She and her husband, Bud Rusitzky have two sons and a daughter.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131584/file/246118#t=3096.0,3237.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131584/file/246118/annotation_set/1437/annotation/399","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe American Civil Rights Movement encompasses social movements in the United States whose goal was to end racial segregation and discrimination against Black Americans and enforce constitutional voting rights to them. The movement was characterized by major campaigns of civil resistance. Between 1955 and 1968, acts of nonviolent protest and civil disobedience produced crisis situations between activists and government authorities. Noted legislative achievements during this phase of the Civil Rights Movement were passage of the Civil Rights Act of 1964, the Voting Rights Act of 1965, the Immigration and Nationality Services Act of 1965, and the Fair Housing Act of 1968.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131584/file/246118#t=3253.0,3342.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131584/file/246118/annotation_set/1437/annotation/400","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eJim Crow laws were state and local laws in the United States enacted between 1876 and 1965. The name seems to have originated in the song “Jump Jim Crow,” a song-and-dance caricature of Blacks performed by white actor Thomas D. Rice in Blackface in 1832. As a result of Rice’s fame, “Jim Crow” became a pejorative expression meaning “Negro” by 1838 and the later segregation laws became known as “Jim Crow” laws. Jim Crow laws mandated racial segregation in all public facilities in the southern states of the former Confederacy, with a supposedly “separate but equal” status for Black Americans, although in reality this was not so. Some examples of Jim Crow laws are the segregation of public schools, places, and public transportation and the segregation of restrooms, restaurants and drinking fountains for whites and Blacks. Private businesses, political parties, and unions created their own Jim Crow arrangements, barring Blacks from buying homes in certain neighborhoods, from shopping or working in certain stores, from working at certain trades, etc. In the middle twentieth century, the Supreme Court began to overturn Jim Crow laws on constitutional grounds. Rosa Parks defied the Jim Crow laws when she refused to give up her seat on a bus to a white man, which became a catalyst to the Civil Rights movement. Her actions, and the demonstrations that followed, led to a series of legislative and court decisions that contributed to undermining the Jim Crow system. The Civil Rights Act of 1964 officially ended Jim Crow segregation laws.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131584/file/246118#t=3253.0,3342.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131584/file/246118/annotation_set/1437/annotation/401","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eShorter University is a private Baptist university in Rome, Georgia. It was founded in 1873 and was initially a female college until 1948, when it became co-ed. In 2010, it changed its name from Shorter College to Shorter University.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131584/file/246118#t=3346.0,3741.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131584/file/246118/annotation_set/1437/annotation/402","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eRome Symphony Orchestra (RSO) is a professional U.S. orchestra located in Rome, Georgia. The organization was founded in 1921, disbanded around 1930, and reestablished in 1948.The RSO is currently the oldest symphony in the South.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131584/file/246118#t=3346.0,3741.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131584/file/246118/annotation_set/1437/annotation/403","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eA contemptuous term or ethnic slur for a Black or dark-skinned person. The word originated as a term referring to people with Black skin, as a variation of the noun \"negro.\" It is an extremely offensive racial slur and is often referred to as \"the N-word.\" The Breman does not condone the use of such language and considers the used of such language extremely harmful.  The word was referred to in the interview by the interviewee making reference to how blacks were referred to by individuals in the community where they lived.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131584/file/246118#t=3346.0,3741.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131584/file/246118/annotation_set/1437/annotation/404","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eA chamber of commerce is a local association to promote and protect the interests of the business community in a particular town or state.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131584/file/246118#t=3346.0,3741.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131584/file/246118/annotation_set/1437/annotation/405","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eA nationwide movement to desegregate public schools began after the Supreme Court’s 1954 Brown v. Board of Education decision. The widespread integration of public schools did not follow a coherent plan. Different cities and states went about it in various ways. \u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131584/file/246118#t=3346.0,3741.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131584/file/246118/annotation_set/1437/annotation/406","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eJohn Fitzgerald Kennedy (1917-1963), often referred to by his initials \"JFK,\" was an American politician who served as the 35th president of the United States from 1961 until his assassination in 1963. Kennedy served at the height of the Cold War, and the majority of his work as president concerned relations with the Soviet Union and Cuba. A Democrat, Kennedy represented Massachusetts in both houses of the U.S. Congress prior to becoming president.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131584/file/246118#t=3346.0,3741.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131584/file/246118/annotation_set/1437/annotation/407","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe Democratic Party is one of the two major contemporary political parties in the United States. It was founded in 1828 and is the world’s oldest active political party.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131584/file/246118#t=3346.0,3741.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131584/file/246118/annotation_set/1437/annotation/408","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eEmory University is a private research university in Atlanta, Georgia. Founded in 1836 as \"Emory College\" by the Methodist Episcopal Church and named in honor of Methodist bishop John Emory, Emory is the second-oldest private institution of higher education in Georgia.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131584/file/246118#t=3745.0,4150.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131584/file/246118/annotation_set/1437/annotation/409","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eA lavaliere is an ornamental pendant that is usually worn on a chain around the neck. The gift of a lavaliere necklace symbolizes a long-term commitment between a collegiate couple.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131584/file/246118#t=3745.0,4150.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131584/file/246118/annotation_set/1437/annotation/410","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eRay Charles Robinson Sr. (1930-2004) was an American singer, songwriter, and pianist. He is considered one of the most iconic and influential musicians in history. Charles was blinded during childhood possibly due to glaucoma. He is credited with pioneering the soul music genre during the 1950’s by combining blues, jazz, rhythm and blues, and gospel styles. Charles won 18 Grammy Awards, is a member of the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame, and received the Kennedy Center Honors and the National Medal of Arts.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131584/file/246118#t=4156.0,4340.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131584/file/246118/annotation_set/1437/annotation/411","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eAlpha Epsilon Pi (ΑΕΠ, nicknamed \"AEPi\") is a Jewish college social fraternity founded at New York University in 1913. As of 2022, it has over 186 active chapters located on university campuses around the world.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131584/file/246118#t=4156.0,4340.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131584/file/246118/annotation_set/1437/annotation/412","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eAlpha Epsilon Phi (ΑΕΦ or AEPhi) is a sorority and one of the members of the National Panhellenic Conference. It was founded on October 24, 1909, at Barnard College in New York City by seven Jewish women. Although it is a historically Jewish sorority, it is not a religious organization and welcomes women of all religions and race who honor, respect, and appreciate the Jewish faith and identity, and are comfortable in a Jewish milieu to pledge for sisterhood. The vast majority of AEPhi sisters are Jewish.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131584/file/246118#t=4156.0,4340.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131584/file/246118/annotation_set/1437/annotation/413","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eLarry Beeferman (b. 1944) was born in New York to Morris and Shirley Beeferman. He attended Polytechnic Institute of Brooklyn and earned a Ph.D. and law degree from Harvard University. Beeferman is a legal scholar and author. He and Ann Levin married in 1972 and lived in Cambridge, Massachusetts.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131584/file/246118#t=4392.0,4503.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131584/file/246118/annotation_set/1437/annotation/414","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eBerry College is a private liberal arts college in Mount Berry, Georgia, which is adjacent to Rome, Georgia. It was founded in 1902 by Martha Berry and was founded on values based on Christian principles. The Rose Esserman Levin and Jule Levin Endowed Award for Social Justice is based out of Berry College.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131584/file/246118#t=4392.0,4503.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131584/file/246118/annotation_set/1437/annotation/415","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe University of Michigan is a public research university in Ann Arbor, Michigan. It’s the oldest university in Michigan. It was founded in 1817 by an act of the Michigan Territory, 20 years before Michigan became a state. It moved to Ann Arbor in 1837.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131584/file/246118#t=4511.0,4595.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131584/file/246118/annotation_set/1437/annotation/416","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eWith international pressure mounting, in 1945, Britain, unable to find a practical solution, referred the problem to the United Nations, which in November 1947 voted to partition Palestine into Jewish and Arab states in May 1948 when the British mandate was scheduled to end. After the British began the withdrawal of their military forces from Palestine in early April 1948, Zionist leaders moved to establish a modern Jewish state. In the aftermath of the Holocaust, many survivors felt there was no future for Jews in Europe. Israeli statehood represented hope to survivors who longed for a homeland where Jews would not be a vulnerable minority. On May 14, 1948—the day the British Mandate over Palestine expired—David Ben-Gurion, the chairman of the Jewish Agency for Palestine, announced the formation of the state of Israel. The next day, forces from Egypt, Transjordan, Syria, Lebanon, and Iraq invaded and war began.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131584/file/246118#t=4645.0,4701.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131584/file/246118/annotation_set/1437/annotation/417","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe Haftarah is a series of selections from the books of Nevi'im (“Prophets”) of the Hebrew Bible (Tanach) that is publicly read in synagogue as part of Jewish religious practice. The Haftarah reading follows the Torah reading on each Sabbath and on Jewish festivals and fast days. On Sabbath days, the haftarah is selected because it relates to the day’s Torah portion. On holidays and special Sabbaths, the Haftarah is selected to coincide with the calendar.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131584/file/246118#t=4707.0,4980.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131584/file/246118/annotation_set/1437/annotation/418","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eIlene Miller Linton (b. 1948) was from Rome, Georgia and the daughter of David and Bobbie Miller. She married Roger Linton in 1964 after meeting him on a blind date in 1963. They lived in Huntsville, Alabama and had a son and daughter\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131584/file/246118#t=4707.0,4980.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131584/file/246118/annotation_set/1437/annotation/419","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eSusan Gavant Wall (1948-2000) was a native of Rome, Georgia. She was the youngest daughter of Louis and Eva Isacoff Gavant. Susan was one of the presidents of Rodeph Shalom Congregation’s Sisterhood in Rome, Georgia. She was married to Dr. Marc Wall.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131584/file/246118#t=4707.0,4980.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131584/file/246118/annotation_set/1437/annotation/420","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eA prayer shawl fringed at each of the four corners in accordance with biblical law. The wearing of tallit at worship is obligatory only for married men, but it is customarily worn also by males of bar mitzvah age and older. In non-Orthodox congregations, women may also wear the tallit if they so choose.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131584/file/246118#t=4707.0,4980.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131584/file/246118/annotation_set/1437/annotation/421","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eA sit-in or sit-down was a nonviolent form of direct action protest that involved one or more people occupying an area for a protest. They were commonly used during the civil rights movement when young African American students would sit-in at segregated lunch counters at Woolworth’s and other lunch counters. They refused to leave after being denied service because of their race. The sit-ins created disruptions and drew unwanted publicity to the stores. Additionally, it caused economic hardship to the owners because sit-in participants took up space from the normally paying customers. The sit-in movement eventually grew to include 70,000 black and white participants, affected 20 states and lead to desegregation of many local business.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131584/file/246118#t=4982.0,5295.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131584/file/246118/annotation_set/1437/annotation/422","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eG. C. Murphy was a dime store located on Broad Street in Rome, Georgia. During March 1963, the store was one of four stores with lunch counters where black students from Main High School held sit-ins. The sit-ins got regional press coverage and lead to the arrest of 62 protestors and conviction of 57 protestors for disorderly conduct.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131584/file/246118#t=4982.0,5295.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131584/file/246118/annotation_set/1437/annotation/423","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe Rome Exchange Club was chartered in 1936 and is part of the National Exchange Club, which was founded in 1911. The clubs work to make a lasting impact on four areas including prevention of child abuse, Americanism, Community Service, and Youth Program.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131584/file/246118#t=4982.0,5295.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131584/file/246118/annotation_set/1437/annotation/424","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eHoward “Buzz” Wachsteter (b. 1944) was born in New York City. He attended the University of Georgia School of Journalism. He married Paula Esserman in 1968. They live in Rome, Georgia, where they have been active in their community including being members of the Exchange Club. Buzz has also served as a Rome City Commissioner.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131584/file/246118#t=4982.0,5295.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131584/file/246118/annotation_set/1437/annotation/425","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe University of Tampa is a private university in Tampa, Florida. The school was established in 1931 as the Tampa Junior College and was one of the first institutions of higher education in the Tampa area. In 1933, the school moved to the Tampa Bay Hotel, which was built by Henry B. Plant in 1891. With the larger campus the school became the University of Tampa.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131584/file/246118#t=5314.0,5733.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/131584/file/246118/annotation_set/1437/annotation/426","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eJewish babies are given Hebrew names shortly after they are born. A brief ceremony is performed, which often includes friends and family members of the new baby. Ashkenazi Jews often select a name that commemorates a deceased relative of the baby in order to honor that person’s memory. Sephardic Jews often follow the custom of naming their children after living relatives. Blessings are recited for the baby’s well-being. The traditional wish is offered—that this child may grow into a life of study of Torah, of loving relationships, and the performance of good deeds. Boys are usually named at the same time as they are circumcised. 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