{"@context":"http://iiif.io/api/presentation/3/context.json","id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/iiif/7m03x8448r/manifest","type":"Manifest","label":{"en":["Sher, Martin"]},"logo":"https://d9jk7wjtjpu5g.cloudfront.net/organizations/logo_images/000/000/082/original/TheBreman_SecondaryMark_Horizontal_Blue_Black.png?1713640889","metadata":[{"label":{"en":["Date"]},"value":{"en":["2012-01-18 (creation)"]}},{"label":{"en":["Agent"]},"value":{"en":["Martin Sher (Interviewee)","Sandra Berman (Interviewer)"]}},{"label":{"en":["Source"]},"value":{"en":["Herbert and Esther Taylor Oral History Collection, Cuba Family Archives for Southern Jewish History at the Breman Museum, Atlanta, Georgia"]}},{"label":{"en":["Description"]},"value":{"en":["\u003cp\u003eMartin Sher was interviewed by Sandra Berman on January 18, 2012 in Birmingham, Alabama.\u003c/p\u003e (general)","\u003cp\u003eMartin Sher’s father, Morris Sher, came to Birmingham, Alabama with his parents and five brothers and sisters.  Morris’s parents came to the United States through Ellis Island in New York. The family came to Birmingham, to Martin’s best recollection, because Martin’s grandparents, Victor and Jenny Sher, knew a relative or somebody who had come there.  They lived on the Northside of Birmingham where a lot of other Jewish people lived.  They were very poor when they arrived.  Martin’s grandfather had an asthma condition and had to move to Arizona for a while for his health.  Martin’s grandmother couldn’t speak English and couldn’t work.  Martin’s recollection is that all the kids had to work to make ends meet. \u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eMorris Sher had a paper route as a young boy, and being entrepreneurial he conceived the idea of selling clothing to his customers.  He found a way to get jobbers to provide him clothes on credit, which he would in turn sell to customers on his paper route.  He eventually made enough money to purchase a car, married Martin’s mother, Sylvia Sher, in 1941 and opened a clothing store where customers could purchase the clothing on credit.  They created a jingle called ‘King Credit Don’t Care’ (meaning they don’t care how much money you have), which was so popular that older people still remember the jingle to this day.  The business was very successful.  Later they added appliances to their product line.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eMorris Sher died at age 54, at the end of Martin’s freshman year in college. After his father’s death, Martin transferred to the University of Alabama in Tuscaloosa, Alabama to be closer to his mother. His brother, David, had been in the business for about a year at the time of Morris’s death, and Martin went to Birmingham on weekends to help in the store.  David and Martin became business partners and changed it to a credit furniture store.  Due to a change in the tax laws in 1986, they changed their business model to a rent-to-own business and started a collection business, as well. They eventually sold the rent-to-own business and focused on the collection business, which today is called ‘AmSher Collection Agency.’\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eMartin met his wife, Debbie, at a party when he was 18 and she was 15.  They have three grown children, all of whom live in the Birmingham area.\u003c/p\u003e (bioghist)","\u003cp\u003eMartin provides background on how his grandparents came to Birmingham, Alabama with Martin’s father and their five other children.  He describes the family business that his father, Morris, started and how it began with Morris peddling clothing to customers on his paper route, which he expanded to a store in downtown Birmingham which sold clothing on credit and then expanded to include appliances. \u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eMartin discusses his experiences working in the store as a child, as well as his exposure to a customer base that was almost entirely black and lower income.  He describes the further evolution of the business, when he and his brother, David, took over the business following their father’s death.  They turned it into a furniture store and later into a rent-to-own business, until they eventually sold it and focused exclusively on a debt collection agency they had started.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eMartin describes some of his experiences during the turbulent 1950’s and 1960’s as they relate to the downtown location of their store, boycotts, the nearby 16th Street Baptist Church bombing, and other turmoil in Birmingham.  He talks fondly of his family’s black live-in helper when he was growing up, how much he loved her, and how much she loved and cared about him.  He does not recall that they ever discussed what was happening with the civil rights issues.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eMartin tells an important story about how his father made the decision, based on his mother’s recommendation, to hire a black man who had been a customer to work in the office of the store.  Despite opposition from some of the other office workers, Morris stuck to his decision, and that man went on to become the office manager and ultimately president of a bank.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eMartin talks about how he met his wife and the strong influence of his parent’s insistence that he marry someone Jewish.  He also shares his sentiments about the close-knit Jewish community of Birmingham and how much he enjoys living there, as well as having not only his own grown children living there but other young people who are staying, as well.\u003c/p\u003e (scope content)"]}},{"label":{"en":["Source Metadata URI"]},"value":{"en":["https://archivesspace.thebreman.org/repositories/2/archival_objects/28456"]}},{"label":{"en":["Rights Statement"]},"value":{"en":["\u003cp\u003eAll rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, recorded by any information storage and retrieval system, without the express written consent of the William Breman Jewish Heritage Museum.\u003c/p\u003e"]}}],"summary":{"en":["\u003cp\u003eMartin Sher was interviewed by Sandra Berman on January 18, 2012 in Birmingham, Alabama.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eMartin Sher’s father, Morris Sher, came to Birmingham, Alabama with his parents and five brothers and sisters.  Morris’s parents came to the United States through Ellis Island in New York. The family came to Birmingham, to Martin’s best recollection, because Martin’s grandparents, Victor and Jenny Sher, knew a relative or somebody who had come there.  They lived on the Northside of Birmingham where a lot of other Jewish people lived.  They were very poor when they arrived.  Martin’s grandfather had an asthma condition and had to move to Arizona for a while for his health.  Martin’s grandmother couldn’t speak English and couldn’t work.  Martin’s recollection is that all the kids had to work to make ends meet. \u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eMorris Sher had a paper route as a young boy, and being entrepreneurial he conceived the idea of selling clothing to his customers.  He found a way to get jobbers to provide him clothes on credit, which he would in turn sell to customers on his paper route.  He eventually made enough money to purchase a car, married Martin’s mother, Sylvia Sher, in 1941 and opened a clothing store where customers could purchase the clothing on credit.  They created a jingle called ‘King Credit Don’t Care’ (meaning they don’t care how much money you have), which was so popular that older people still remember the jingle to this day.  The business was very successful.  Later they added appliances to their product line.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eMorris Sher died at age 54, at the end of Martin’s freshman year in college. After his father’s death, Martin transferred to the University of Alabama in Tuscaloosa, Alabama to be closer to his mother. His brother, David, had been in the business for about a year at the time of Morris’s death, and Martin went to Birmingham on weekends to help in the store.  David and Martin became business partners and changed it to a credit furniture store.  Due to a change in the tax laws in 1986, they changed their business model to a rent-to-own business and started a collection business, as well. They eventually sold the rent-to-own business and focused on the collection business, which today is called ‘AmSher Collection Agency.’\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eMartin met his wife, Debbie, at a party when he was 18 and she was 15.  They have three grown children, all of whom live in the Birmingham area.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eMartin provides background on how his grandparents came to Birmingham, Alabama with Martin’s father and their five other children.  He describes the family business that his father, Morris, started and how it began with Morris peddling clothing to customers on his paper route, which he expanded to a store in downtown Birmingham which sold clothing on credit and then expanded to include appliances. \u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eMartin discusses his experiences working in the store as a child, as well as his exposure to a customer base that was almost entirely black and lower income.  He describes the further evolution of the business, when he and his brother, David, took over the business following their father’s death.  They turned it into a furniture store and later into a rent-to-own business, until they eventually sold it and focused exclusively on a debt collection agency they had started.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eMartin describes some of his experiences during the turbulent 1950’s and 1960’s as they relate to the downtown location of their store, boycotts, the nearby 16th Street Baptist Church bombing, and other turmoil in Birmingham.  He talks fondly of his family’s black live-in helper when he was growing up, how much he loved her, and how much she loved and cared about him.  He does not recall that they ever discussed what was happening with the civil rights issues.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eMartin tells an important story about how his father made the decision, based on his mother’s recommendation, to hire a black man who had been a customer to work in the office of the store.  Despite opposition from some of the other office workers, Morris stuck to his decision, and that man went on to become the office manager and ultimately president of a bank.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eMartin talks about how he met his wife and the strong influence of his parent’s insistence that he marry someone Jewish.  He also shares his sentiments about the close-knit Jewish community of Birmingham and how much he enjoys living there, as well as having not only his own grown children living there but other young people who are staying, as well.\u003c/p\u003e"]},"requiredStatement":{"label":{"en":["Attribution"]},"value":{"en":["\u003cp\u003eAll rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, recorded by any information storage and retrieval system, without the express written consent of the William Breman Jewish Heritage Museum.\u003c/p\u003e"]}},"provider":[{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/aboutus","type":"Agent","label":{"en":["William Breman Jewish Heritage Museum"]},"homepage":[{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/","type":"Text","label":{"en":["William Breman Jewish Heritage Museum"]},"format":"text/html"}],"logo":[{"id":"https://d9jk7wjtjpu5g.cloudfront.net/organizations/logo_images/000/000/082/original/TheBreman_SecondaryMark_Horizontal_Blue_Black.png?1713640889","type":"Image"}]}],"thumbnail":[{"id":"https://d9jk7wjtjpu5g.cloudfront.net/collection_resource_files/thumbnails/000/104/098/small/Martin_Sher.png?1619303063","type":"Image","format":"image/png"}],"items":[{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35154/file/104098","type":"Canvas","label":{"en":["Media File 1 of 1 - Sher_Martin.mp4"]},"duration":2430.815,"width":640,"height":360,"thumbnail":[{"id":"https://d9jk7wjtjpu5g.cloudfront.net/collection_resource_files/thumbnails/000/104/098/small/Martin_Sher.png?1619303063","type":"Image","format":"image/png"}],"items":[{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35154/file/104098/content/1","type":"AnnotationPage","items":[{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35154/file/104098/content/1/annotation/1","type":"Annotation","motivation":"painting","body":{"id":"https://aviary-p-thebreman.s3.wasabisys.com/collection_resource_files/resource_files/000/104/098/original/Sher_Martin.mp4?1610615648","type":"Video","format":"video/mp4","duration":2430.815,"width":640,"height":360},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35154/file/104098","metadata":[]}]}],"annotations":[{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35154/file/104098/transcript/22060","type":"AnnotationPage","label":{"en":["Sher, Martin [Transcript]"]},"items":[{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35154/file/104098/transcript/22060/annotation/1","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"BERMAN: Today is January 18, 2012. I am in Birmingham, Alabama. I am with\nMartin Sher, who has agreed to participate in the Esther and Herbert Taylor Oral\nHistory Project of the William Breman Jewish Heritage and Holocaust Museum. My\nname is Sandra Berman, and I'm very appreciative of you taking the time out of\nyour day to spend this hour with us. I'd like to begin by asking you a little\nabout your own background, your ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35154/file/104098#t=0.0,30.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35154/file/104098/transcript/22060/annotation/2","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"family's background, when they came to\nBirmingham and if you know why.\n\nSHER: I think I can tell you a little bit about it. My dad is Morris Sher, and\nhe was . . . actually came here. He had six brothers and sisters. His parents\ncame in through Ellis Island in New York, and his brothers and sisters made it\nto Birmingham [Alabama] I think because they knew somebody or a relative or\nsomebody had come here that my grandparents knew, his parents. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35154/file/104098#t=30.0,60.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35154/file/104098/transcript/22060/annotation/3","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"They came and\nlived on the Northside of Birmingham where a lot of other Jewish people lived,\nand that's where they got started.\n\nBERMAN: Did the grandparents come, too?\n\nSHER: Yes.\n\nBERMAN: With the children. All six . . .\n\nSHER: Yes, the grandparents came. My grandfather actually . . . they obviously\nwere dirt poor. They didn't have anything or any money. My grandfather got sick,\nhad some sort of asthma condition, and had to move to Arizona for a while,\nbecause his health wasn't good ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35154/file/104098#t=60.0,90.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35154/file/104098/transcript/22060/annotation/4","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"here. It was left with my grandmother and her six\nchildren, with nobody to take care of the family, so all the kids had to work is\nwhat I remember.\n\nBERMAN: Grandparents names?\n\nSHER: Victor and Jenny Sher on my father's side. That's how we got here.\n\nBERMAN: How about the brothers. Six brothers. Can you name them all?\n\nSHER: Yes. Let's see if I can do it in order. There was ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35154/file/104098#t=90.0,120.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35154/file/104098/transcript/22060/annotation/5","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"William, Morris, who's\nmy father, there was Sylvia, Ruthie, Louise, and Fannie [sp], who passed away\nwhen she was real young. I think she was about 13 years old. Obviously I didn't\nknow her.\n\nBERMAN: The brothers all had to work. What did they do to make ends meet?\n\nSHER: I can tell you what my dad did. I'm not sure what they all did. I can tell\nyou a little bit about it, but my dad actually had a paper route. The story is\nthat he would get up at four in the morning as a ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35154/file/104098#t=120.0,150.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35154/file/104098/transcript/22060/annotation/6","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"young . . . 10, 12 years old,\nhowever old he was . . . and deliver his papers. Then he'd go to school, and\nthen he'd come back after school and deliver the papers, eat dinner, do his\nhomework, and go to bed at 10:00 or 11:00 [o'clock] at night, and back up at\nfour in the morning. As a little child, they were trying to survive and they all\nhad to work. I know my Aunt Syl, who lived in Chattanooga [Tennessee], worked at\na movie theater. I can't remember what the movie theater's name [was], and I\nthink a couple of them worked ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35154/file/104098#t=150.0,180.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35154/file/104098/transcript/22060/annotation/7","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"in movie theaters or delivered papers or those\ntypes of jobs.\n\nBERMAN: Did your grandmother have to work as well?\n\nSHER: She couldn't speak English, and she couldn't work. She was taking care of\nthe kids. She never worked at all.\n\nBERMAN: Did the family, even though they were financially not doing well, did\nthey join the synagogue?\n\nSHER: I do know that my dad was a member of the YMHA [Young Men's Hebrew\nAssociation] in Birmingham and spent a good ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35154/file/104098#t=180.0,210.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35154/file/104098/transcript/22060/annotation/8","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"bit of time there. I'm pretty sure\nthey were at the synagogue. I feel certain that they were, but I don't know for sure.\n\nBERMAN: At [Temple] Beth-El?\n\nSHER: It would have been Beth-El. Right.\n\nBERMAN: Your grandparents' names . . .\n\nSHER: . . . were Victor and Jenny Sher.\n\nBERMAN: ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35154/file/104098#t=210.0,240.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35154/file/104098/transcript/22060/annotation/9","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Once your father became of age, what kind of business did he go into and\ndid he go to school? Did he go to college?\n\nSHER: He went to high school. I think it was . . . There was Martin [Elementary]\nSchool, and [John Herbert] Phillips High School I believe is where he went. It's\nkind of interesting. He had a paper route, as I told you earlier, and he went\ninto low-income neighborhoods. He was an entrepreneur, I guess had an\nentrepreneurial ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35154/file/104098#t=240.0,270.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35154/file/104098/transcript/22060/annotation/10","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"bent. He decided that he wanted to sell . . . they liked him a\nlot, so he wanted to sell them clothing, but he didn't have any money. My\nunderstanding is that they had jobbers on 1st Avenue North in downtown\nBirmingham that would put their wares out, and he figured out some kind of way\non credit to get some . . . For example, a lady, one of his newspaper customers\n. . . I think it probably went like this. He told me this many years ago, and I\nthink I'm getting it right. He asked ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35154/file/104098#t=270.0,300.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35154/file/104098/transcript/22060/annotation/11","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"her, \"If I ever found some dresses, would\nyou buy a dress from me?\" She said, \"Sure, Morris, I would do that.\" He asked\nher what size, say a 16-½ or 12 or whatever it was, and what color she liked,\nand she said, \"Red.\" He would go to the jobbers on 1st Avenue North and worked\nout some sort of arrangement where maybe he left a nickel there and took two or\nthree dresses to show her, and picked up a nickel from her and paid back that\nperson and built up his ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35154/file/104098#t=300.0,330.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35154/file/104098/transcript/22060/annotation/12","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"route just from his newspaper route. He was a peddler,\nand then he had enough money to buy a car.\n\nEventually, he married my mother . . . we figure he'd let my mother run the\nstore, and he'd get the route . . . the people to come from on the route to the\nstore, and eventually built up a credit clothing business called . . . the name\nof the first one was 'New York Clothing Company.' That's ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35154/file/104098#t=330.0,360.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35154/file/104098/transcript/22060/annotation/13","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"because he got some\nfree stationary from somebody that went out of business that said 'New York\nClothing Company' on it, and he got some ledger cards with 'New York Clothing\nCompany,' so he thought that would be a good name for it. It's free. I grew up\nin that business. He had his children working from when they were about eight\nyears old on. He believed in your kids working, and so we did. It was a good\nthing. He had a good business. He took care of his ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35154/file/104098#t=360.0,390.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35154/file/104098/transcript/22060/annotation/14","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"customers, and eventually . . .\n\nIf you want me to continue on with this story, I'll just go on with it. It's\nkind of interesting. He had an uncle . . . my mother's uncle from Indianapolis,\nIndiana. He came to Birmingham, and he was telling my dad about a car lot called\n'Big John's Car Lot' in Indianapolis, Indiana. They had a saying: \"Big John\ndon't care. He doesn't care if you ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35154/file/104098#t=390.0,420.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35154/file/104098/transcript/22060/annotation/15","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"ever had credit or bad credit or been in\ndebtor's court.\" My dad really liked that. \"Big John don't care.\" Then I had my\nuncle Frank, who's a commercial artist . . . my dad's brother. He said, \"We'll\nhave a picture of a king,\" and he drew a picture of a king. We called him 'King\nCredit.' In those days, many of his customers couldn't read or write, so they\nneeded some sort of icon, I guess. They didn't use that word back ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35154/file/104098#t=420.0,450.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35154/file/104098/transcript/22060/annotation/16","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"then. They\ntook the King Credit jingle and the 'don't care' from Big John's Car Lot, and\nthey started what we thought was the first rap song in Alabama. It's called\n'King Credit Don't Care.' That turned out to be a very big success, and our\nbusiness grew a lot. That's the time when I was young and coming in the business.\n\nBERMAN: I'd like to get a few dates down. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35154/file/104098#t=450.0,480.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35154/file/104098/transcript/22060/annotation/17","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"When your father first was peddling\nhis dresses, about what year was that?\n\nSHER: Nineteen thirty-nine is when I've always been told the business started.\nIt was before World War II, so I imagine it was sometime around then, I think,\nwhen he was peddling and he bought his car. I think it was probably 1939.\nSomething like that.\n\nBERMAN: When did he meet your mother, and her name?\n\nSHER: Her name was Sylvia Sher, and she was from Hamilton, ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35154/file/104098#t=480.0,510.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35154/file/104098/transcript/22060/annotation/18","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Ohio. She was\nactually introduced by Elaine Royal, which is Arnold Royal's [wife]. I don't\nknow if you've heard about him yet. She came down to meet him. They had a blind\ndate and fell in love and got married, so she moved down here.\n\nBERMAN: He married a Yankee.\n\nSHER: Yes. What year they got married? I would say somewhere around ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35154/file/104098#t=510.0,540.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35154/file/104098/transcript/22060/annotation/19","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"1941.\n\nBERMAN: Did she ever talk about or mention whether it was a hard adjustment for\nher coming to the South?\n\nSHER: She and my dad had such a good relationship. I think it probably was hard.\nIt makes sense that it would be hard, but she was always easy to get along with\npeople. There were a lot of relatives down here that were related to her\nspecifically. I'm sure it was difficult. Obviously I wasn't there. She always\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35154/file/104098#t=540.0,570.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35154/file/104098/transcript/22060/annotation/20","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"fit in well and enjoyed living in Birmingham.\n\nBERMAN: King Credit. Was there an actual jingle?\n\nSHER: Yes. Want me to sing it for you?\n\nBERMAN: I would love it.\n\nSHER: In fact, there are people . . . They're all older now. It was such a\nwell-known jingle that I have people come up to me about once a month that are\n80 years old that'll still sing this jingle. The reason I know this [is that] I\ndo seminars. I have to tell about my history sometimes when I do seminars. It\ngoes like this. It's a rap ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35154/file/104098#t=570.0,600.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35154/file/104098/transcript/22060/annotation/21","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"song. \"Hello folks. I'm a crazy king, and money to me\ndon't mean a thing. I'll give you clothes and shoes today. You take months and\nmonths to pay. King Credit don't care. Just plain don't care.\" Then it goes from there.\n\nBERMAN: That's fantastic.\n\nSHER: I bet you haven't had that on film before.\n\nBERMAN: No. I'm going to play that at my next board meeting. That was wonderful.\n\nSHER: By the way, James downstairs knows all three stanzas . . . the masseur at\nthe [Levite] Jewish Community Center here. If you need him to come up and sing\nit to ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35154/file/104098#t=600.0,630.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35154/file/104098/transcript/22060/annotation/22","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"you . . .\n\nBERMAN: Do you know the other stanzas?\n\nSHER: Not as well as he does. That's about as far as I get.\n\nBERMAN: How successful was the business?\n\nSHER: The business was very successful. We always did really well. In downtown\nBirmingham, now there's virtually no family-owned businesses, but then every\nstorefront was filled up with family businesses. We did really well. Always had\na good living. We had a house. I have a brother and ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35154/file/104098#t=630.0,660.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35154/file/104098/transcript/22060/annotation/23","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"sister, and we all graduated\nand had bar mitzvahs and all that kind of stuff. We led a pretty nice life.\n\nBERMAN: What was a typical day in the store like when you worked there as a child?\n\nSHER: I can tell you that because I spent a lot of days. My brother David's\neight years older, and I have a sister that's four years older. We all did\ndifferent jobs. When you start there at eight [years old] . . . I worked there\nall my life really. I've been in that business all my life and what we've turned\nit into ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35154/file/104098#t=660.0,690.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35154/file/104098/transcript/22060/annotation/24","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"since my father died. A typical thing I would do is customers . . . it\nwas a credit customer. They'd walk by, and they'd go look at the window. We had\nbeautiful windows and always did a good job dressing up the window, and they'd\nbe looking. My dad said . . . one of my first jobs was . . . he said, \"Go out to\nthe window and introduce yourself, that you're Martin Sher, the son of Morris\nSher.\" They all knew my dad, Morris. \"Say it's hot out here. Would you like a\nCoca-Cola? I'll bring you a ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35154/file/104098#t=690.0,720.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35154/file/104098/transcript/22060/annotation/25","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Coca-Cola, or could you just follow me in and I'll\nget you a Coke?\" That was the idea, to get them to come in. I'd get them a\nCoca-Cola. We had a Coca-Cola or a Buffalo Rock or a Green Spot. I'd put a sock\non it for them, so it wouldn't be cold when we held it. Then we'd start the\nsales process with them.\n\nBERMAN: Was it just clothing?\n\nSHER: We started off with just clothing, but it ended up being appliances. Me\nand my brother changed it to furniture after my father passed away. He died when\nhe was 54 years ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35154/file/104098#t=720.0,750.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35154/file/104098/transcript/22060/annotation/26","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"old. We took over the business from there. We had two people\neating in it, so we needed to sell . . . we sold the same customer, but we had a\nbigger ticket item now. We sold them furniture.\n\nBERMAN: Are there a couple of anecdotes that you can recall? A special customer\nor a funny incident that might have happened at the store?\n\nSHER: One thing that was kind of interesting . . . I guess it was in the early\nSixties. There were a lot of ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35154/file/104098#t=750.0,780.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35154/file/104098/transcript/22060/annotation/27","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"people . . . there was James Brown. There were a\nlot of soul singers and famous people that used to trade at our store, because\nwe had high-fashion clothes. They all came in when they were doing their\nconcerts. A lot of famous people. I can't remember them all off hand, but I know\nJames Brown was one of them. They would come in, and my dad would give them\nclothing, and they would promote it sometimes during the concert. Stuff like\nthat. That's one thing I can think of.\n\nBERMAN: That's great. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35154/file/104098#t=780.0,810.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35154/file/104098/transcript/22060/annotation/28","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"What about during the turbulent late Fifties and Sixties?\nDid the store have issues?\n\nSHER: Yes. We really did. As a young kid, it was really kind of scary being\nthere. I remember being in my dad's store. I guess it was about 1964 probably. I\nwas about 13 years old. We were on 3rd Avenue North I believe at the time, if\nI'm getting my dates right. I ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35154/file/104098#t=810.0,840.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35154/file/104098/transcript/22060/annotation/29","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"remember we always had boycotts against the Jewish\nmerchants around Easter time. For some reason, they always thought that the\nJewish people controlled everything, but we didn't control anything in the city.\nThey thought that if they boycotted the Jewish merchants, it would put pressure\non the city to get some changes made. When you're Jewish, we were kind of on\ntheir side. We knew what it was like. I do remember, I think maybe Martin Luther\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35154/file/104098#t=840.0,870.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35154/file/104098/transcript/22060/annotation/30","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"King was in town or something was going on. There was supposed to be a big march\nright in front of our store on 3rd Avenue North. I do remember my dad locking\nthe doors and telling me to go to the back of the store along with all the\nemployees. It was a little scary. I'll always remember that. Everybody went by\npeacefully, but it was something I'll always remember.\n\nBERMAN: Was most of the clientele of your store black?\n\nSHER: Ninety-nine point nine [99.9] ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35154/file/104098#t=870.0,900.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35154/file/104098/transcript/22060/annotation/31","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"percent in the early years. Later on, as we\nsold furniture, we did have a number of white people.\n\nBERMAN: Is that who was boycotting the businesses?\n\nSHER: Yes. They would have . . . the disc jockeys would get on the radio is the\nway they'd promote it and say for civil rights we need to boycott the Jewish\nmerchants. I don't know if they said Jewish, but the merchants downtown. They\njust happened to be all Jewish. It always stressed out all the business ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35154/file/104098#t=900.0,930.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35154/file/104098/transcript/22060/annotation/32","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"people,\nbut people always wanted to have their suits for Christmas and Easter and\nwhatever. Business . . . sometimes it hurt it a little bit, but never terribly.\nWhen it came down to it, I think everybody wanted to have their goods and services.\n\nBERMAN: Were any of the stores vandalized during those times?\n\nSHER: I don't ever remember that. I don't think so. I don't think there was any\ndamage to the stores or rioting like in the streets of Birmingham that I can\nrecall. It was ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35154/file/104098#t=930.0,960.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35154/file/104098/transcript/22060/annotation/33","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"done in the parks and different other places.\n\nBERMAN: You were fairly young when all this was going on. Did your parents talk\nabout it much? Did they talk about the changes that were happening in the city?\n\nSHER: Yes, we did. We had dinner together as a family. There's four year's\ndifference between my brother and four years with my sister, so there's an\neight-year span. We weren't all home at the same time, but I do ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35154/file/104098#t=960.0,990.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35154/file/104098/transcript/22060/annotation/34","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"remember\ndiscussions about boycotts. We always talked about the boycott and what was\ngoing on with Martin Luther King [Jr.] and [Reverend Fred] Shuttlesworth and\nsome of the others. We were very cognizant of it. It felt really uncomfortable\nbeing Jewish that there this terrible stuff going on in Birmingham. It was\nreally hard to figure out.\n\nWe went to Mountain Brook ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35154/file/104098#t=990.0,1020.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35154/file/104098/transcript/22060/annotation/35","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"schools, which are nice schools, and everybody's white\nthere. You have this other world that I knew about, but the people I went to\nschool with didn't know about. We would ask a lot of questions to our parents to\nsee why this was going on. They'd try to explain it and talked about being\nJewish in Germany, I remember, and it's the same kind of thing.\n\nBERMAN: Did they get involved at all?\n\nSHER: In the civil rights? My dad I know was involved in some meetings. I really\ndon't know much about ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35154/file/104098#t=1020.0,1050.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35154/file/104098/transcript/22060/annotation/36","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"it. He never really discussed that with us, but I think he\nwas . . .\n\nBERMAN: Can you talk a little bit about the role your father may have had and\nother Jewish merchants in changing . . . even though they were boycotted . . .\nmaking changes?\n\nSHER: I just can't talk about that. I don't know what to say. Sol [Kimerling]\nwas there. I don't know how to talk about it credibly.\n\n[interviewee looks to the left where Sol is seated. There is discussion and\ninterview resumes]\n\nSHER: ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35154/file/104098#t=1050.0,1080.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35154/file/104098/transcript/22060/annotation/37","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"It's going to be hard to get it from me, because I'd be making up what I\ndon't know. You know what I'm saying. That would be kind of strange.\n\nBERMAN: What about yourself? You just mentioned that you were bothered by what\nwas going on, because you had a different perspective than a lot of your other\nfriends or your friends at Mountain Brook. You knew what was the life of maybe a\npoor ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35154/file/104098#t=1080.0,1110.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35154/file/104098/transcript/22060/annotation/38","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"black--African-American--person.\n\nSHER: Yes, where they didn't.\n\nBERMAN: Did you think about the separation, the drinking fountains? Did you ever\nhave discussions with your friends?\n\nSHER: The friends? There were two groups. There's your Jewish friends that you\ngo to Sunday school with and Hebrew school with, and then there's the other\npeople who were your friends but they grew up in a totally different world, in\nthe country club set. It's a wealthy community, so there were a lot of\nblue-blood type ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35154/file/104098#t=1110.0,1140.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35154/file/104098/transcript/22060/annotation/39","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"people and wealthy Christian people who lived a totally\ndifferent life. When you are kids, you grow up with them, but you don't talk\nabout those things. There wasn't anything done antisemitic with me, but you did\nfeel the difference between the white people that are not Jewish in the\nelementary and junior high schools and the Jewish kids.\n\nBERMAN: Can you expand on that?\n\nSHER: As far as . . . ?\n\nBERMAN: Just the feeling you ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35154/file/104098#t=1140.0,1170.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35154/file/104098/transcript/22060/annotation/40","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"had that there was this difference.\n\nSHER: Yes. It was uncomfortable as a kid, especially for me, because I would\nleave Crestline Elementary School and get on the bus in Crestline Village when I\nwas 10 or11 years old. I would get on the bus and go downtown, and start working\nfor Christmas once we got out for Christmas vacation. Everybody else went to the\nbeach house or whatever, and I went down into this different world that my dad\nwas working in and had us work in. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35154/file/104098#t=1170.0,1200.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35154/file/104098/transcript/22060/annotation/41","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I knew his customers really, really well. I\nliked them. They were all good people. He gave them good service. Treated them\nwith dignity and respect, and just gave exceptional customer service. I lived in\nthat, so I lived in really two different worlds. It was a little conflicting\nunderstanding how things were as a kid.\n\nBERMAN: In retrospect, looking back on that experience, what kind of impact has\nthat had on your life and how you perhaps raised your ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35154/file/104098#t=1200.0,1230.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35154/file/104098/transcript/22060/annotation/42","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"own children?\n\nSHER: I can't speak for other Jewish families, but I never felt like Jewish\nfamilies could get into anything like that or I didn't want to believe that. I\ndidn't know, because we didn't really discuss as far as discriminating or\nsegregating. I knew of no one that thought segregation was good that was Jewish.\n\nBERMAN: Your relationship with the customers. How has that impacted you as\nyou've ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35154/file/104098#t=1230.0,1260.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35154/file/104098/transcript/22060/annotation/43","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"gotten older, your perspective on things?\n\nSHER: I just really understood their lives. I spent a lot of time with them.\nThey were very religious. Very good people. Hard working. A lot of blue-collar\npeople, and just nice. They lived for today, and wanted to have nice things. It\ndid help me understand a part of humanity that I would never have understood. It\nhelped me understand that I was raised with certain ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35154/file/104098#t=1260.0,1290.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35154/file/104098/transcript/22060/annotation/44","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"values, and they were raised\nwith certain values. They're both okay, just a lot different. There were a lot\nof common things, but there were a lot of differences in the value systems. That\nmade me be more understanding, I think, of other people as I've grown up.I\nwasn't in just a tight little community that I never learned anything or had any\nexposure to a different ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35154/file/104098#t=1290.0,1320.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35154/file/104098/transcript/22060/annotation/45","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"culture.\n\nBERMAN: We were speaking about Sidney Ziff. He was another merchant. What was\nhis business?\n\nSHER: It was called 'National Clothing Company.' He and my dad were best friends\nin business, and they shared figures and information and helped each other out.\nWe were on 3rd Avenue North, and he was around on 18th Street around the corner,\nnot too far away from us. They spent a lot of time together. They'd get ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35154/file/104098#t=1320.0,1350.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35154/file/104098/transcript/22060/annotation/46","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"together\non Sundays and compare figures and ideas. They didn't really discuss what they\nwere going to buy. They didn't want to share ideas on what they were going to\nbuy, because they were competing against each other, but on all the\nadministrative-type duties.\n\nI do remember--vaguely, but I do remember this--when the 16th Street Baptist\nChurch was bombed just about two or three blocks away from where Sidney's store\nwas and my dad's store, about a half block further. I believe it was on a Sunday\nmorning, and ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35154/file/104098#t=1350.0,1380.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35154/file/104098/transcript/22060/annotation/47","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"they were both working down there that Sunday morning and meeting\nwith each other. I think they obviously were pretty close to the bomb and heard\nit all. I remember them coming home and talking about it, hearing my father talk\nabout it.\n\nBERMAN: What about when [Temple] Beth-El was almost bombed? How did that . . .\nyou were really young.\n\nSHER: I don't really remember that except hearing about it later on. What year\nwas that?\n\nBERMAN: [Nineteen] fifty-eight.\n\nSHER: I was seven years [old], ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35154/file/104098#t=1380.0,1410.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35154/file/104098/transcript/22060/annotation/48","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"so I don't remember.\n\nBERMAN: Did you go to Sunday school growing up or Hebrew school?\n\nSHER: I did.\n\nBERMAN: At Beth-El?\n\nSHER: At Beth-El. I sure did.\n\nBERMAN: Any memories about those experiences?\n\nSHER: Yes, just about how horrible we were to the Sunday school teachers. That's\nreally the truth. They were all volunteers. They tried as hard as they could,\nand we were bad. That's all I can say. That's what I ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35154/file/104098#t=1410.0,1440.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35154/file/104098/transcript/22060/annotation/49","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"remember.\n\nBERMAN: Was it Rabbi [Abraham] Mesch when you were there?\n\nSHER: There was Rabbi Sanford [sp], who really I think was the educational\nrabbi. That's who we knew really well. He would take care of the kids. Rabbi\nMesch was the big scary rabbi who was the serious person in the big, big\nroom--in the big temple.\n\nBERMAN: What was he like? Do you have any recollection?\n\nSHER: Rabbi Mesch seemed very strict and very stern and very serious. I was a\nlittle kid, of ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35154/file/104098#t=1440.0,1470.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35154/file/104098/transcript/22060/annotation/50","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"course. I don't know what he was really like. Rabbi Sanford was\nthe lighter . . . he was working with the kids, so we felt more comfortable with him.\n\nBERMAN: What was Rabbi Sanford's first name? Do you remember?\n\nSHER: Rabbi. I don't know. That's what we'd call him.\n\nBERMAN: Did you ever go to Jewish summer camp?\n\nSHER: No, but I went to a camp called 'Camp Mac,' which was not Jewish, in\nMunford, Alabama.\n\nBERMAN: Were your parents at all concerned about Jewish continuity, making ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35154/file/104098#t=1470.0,1500.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35154/file/104098/transcript/22060/annotation/51","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"sure\nyou went to Sunday school, Hebrew school, who you dated, that kind of thing?\n\nSHER: Yes. My mother started on all of her children when we were in diapers\nabout how we're going to marry a nice, hard-working Jewish boy [or girl], and\nsaid that ad nauseam all our life until we did it. We never knew that we had\nanother choice. In fact, I married. . . I didn't marry, but I was dating . . .\nI'm not ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35154/file/104098#t=1500.0,1530.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35154/file/104098/transcript/22060/annotation/52","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"going to mention her name . . . some Jewish girl that I went to Sunday\nschool and Hebrew school with whose mother converted to Judaism, and my father\nkind of had a fit with that.\n\nBERMAN: Really?\n\nSHER: Yes.\n\nBERMAN: That's interesting.\n\nSHER: So I quit dating her.\n\nBERMAN: Was your father involved in any of the local clubs like Kiwanis, Lions,\nthat kind of thing?\n\nSHER: He was a Mason, I think. I didn't ever hear him talk or know anything\nabout that. He was a member of the ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35154/file/104098#t=1530.0,1560.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35154/file/104098/transcript/22060/annotation/53","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Fairmont Club.\n\nBERMAN: What was the Fairmont Club?\n\nSHER: There were two Jewish country clubs. The Fairmont Club and the Hillcrest\nClub. Generally, I believe, more of the Conservative people . . . Conservative\nJews . . . there were more of them at the Fairmont Club, and the Reform were\nmore at Hillcrest.\n\nBERMAN: Speaking of that kind of separation between the Reform and the\nConservative or Orthodox, did you ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35154/file/104098#t=1560.0,1590.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35154/file/104098/transcript/22060/annotation/54","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"associate much at all with the other group?\n\nSHER: Yes. As kids, we did. As adults, I don't know who socialized with the\nother. I think some of the socialization was done a little differently between\nthe Conservatives and the Reforms. I think they were a little cliquish, but\nprobably not as much as I think. Maybe it's . . . as kids, we grew up with the\nkids we grew up with and their parents. We knew them better, so I don't if\nthat's accurate or not. It's just my recollection.\n\nBERMAN: Did you have ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35154/file/104098#t=1590.0,1620.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35154/file/104098/transcript/22060/annotation/55","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"help in the home?\n\nSHER: Yes. I had a lady. Her name was Mary, and she lived with us six days a\nweek. She was like my mother. She was there. I had my grandmother who lived with\nus, and a mother in our house, besides all of us. I had plenty of people looking\nafter me as a kid.\n\nBERMAN: What was Mary's last name?\n\nSHER: Mary Evans. Mary Jane Evans. . . she was really like my ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35154/file/104098#t=1620.0,1650.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35154/file/104098/transcript/22060/annotation/56","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"mother. I loved\nher to death, and she loved me. She died when I was about 11 years old . . . and\nher sister Marie would send me a remembrance card on Mary's birthday my entire\nlife up until all of a sudden one year they quit coming. For about 30 years\nafter [Mary] passed away, [Marie] wanted me to remember.\n\nBERMAN: You were, ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35154/file/104098#t=1650.0,1680.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35154/file/104098/transcript/22060/annotation/57","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"again, very young, but did you ever have any discussion about\nthe situation in Birmingham with Mary?\n\nSHER: No, I don't think I did.\n\nBERMAN: Did you know much about her family?\n\nSHER: I knew she had a sister Marie. She didn't really talk about that, and I\ndidn't ask her about it. I was 11 when she passed away, so I was pretty ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35154/file/104098#t=1680.0,1710.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35154/file/104098/transcript/22060/annotation/58","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"young.\nShe loved me to death, and I loved her. She was like a mother.\n\nBERMAN: Did you have a particular hangout growing up, a teen hangout?\n\nSHER: No. I really didn't. I spent a lot of time at the Jewish Community Center,\nbecause I loved basketball. I played all the time, but I did that in my\nbackyard. I really didn't hang out here socially. Maybe people a few years older\ndid it, a lot of them did it, but it ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35154/file/104098#t=1710.0,1740.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35154/file/104098/transcript/22060/annotation/59","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"really wasn't big in the period I was\ngrowing up.\n\nBERMAN: You were always at the store.\n\nSHER: Pretty much. Absolutely.\n\nBERMAN: Are you glad . . .\n\nSHER: Can we timeout or something? I've got a good story going back.\n\nBERMAN: Wonderful.\n\nSHER: One of things that I remember and I was real close to was when my dad . .\n. I'm going to tell you a story about a customer we had. His name is Bunny\nStokes [Jr.], and ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35154/file/104098#t=1740.0,1770.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35154/file/104098/transcript/22060/annotation/60","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"he was a really good customer. He'd come in and make his\npayment every Friday. My mother used to be on the NCR [National Cash Register]\nposting machine and take the payment. She was the one that took the payments.\nThis guy had a great personality. He was always reliable. Real honest. Had a\ngreat personality, and so my mother said, \"Morris, you're going to have to hire\nthis kid.\" We didn't really have any black employees at the time in the office.\nWe always had black salespeople and people that did different ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35154/file/104098#t=1770.0,1800.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35154/file/104098/transcript/22060/annotation/61","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"things, but we\ndidn't have anybody in the office.\n\nMy father interviewed him, liked him, and put him in the office. About that\ntime, a couple, three, of the white people decided they didn't want to work in\nthe office anymore. They quit, but my father stood behind what his decision was.\nOver the years, he worked and did good, and eventually my dad decided to make\nhim the office manager. At that point, one of the ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35154/file/104098#t=1800.0,1830.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35154/file/104098/transcript/22060/annotation/62","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"ladies who had been there for\n40 years wasn't going to work in the office, so he built her a separate office\noutside. He didn't know how to deal with it, so she had her own little area but\neverybody else stayed. It turned out that this man that was the office manager,\nBunny Stokes . . . turned out to be a president of a bank. He was hired by\n[A.G.] Gaston, and Citizens Federal Bank was his bank. He ran into Bunny. My\nfather said, \"Good ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35154/file/104098#t=1830.0,1860.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35154/file/104098/transcript/22060/annotation/63","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"luck. That's quite an opportunity.\" He ended up being CEO\n[Chief Executive Officer) of that bank.\n\nBERMAN: What was his real name?\n\nSHER: His name was Bunny Stokes.\n\nBERMAN: His name was Bunny?\n\nSHER: He's still alive. I stay in touch with him.\n\nBERMAN: That's a great story. You said there was another one about Sidney Ziff?\n\nSHER: No, that's what made me think of . . . because you were asking what it was\n. . . There was something you said that spurred me remembering that story that\nmight be interesting to tell.\n\nBERMAN: It's wonderful. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35154/file/104098#t=1860.0,1890.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35154/file/104098/transcript/22060/annotation/64","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"It's interesting that the white co-workers left.\n\nSHER: Some of them did. A lot stayed, but some of them left. I remember a lot of\ndiscussions about that at home, because that was . . . it was real stressful, I\nthink, because we had a lot of long-term employees, but my dad I remember being\nvery much decisive about that's just how it was going to be.\n\nBERMAN: ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35154/file/104098#t=1890.0,1920.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35154/file/104098/transcript/22060/annotation/65","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Did you agree with that decision? Were you proud of him?\n\nSHER: Yes. I was real proud.\n\nBERMAN: Did you live in a totally Jewish neighborhood?\n\nSHER: I think everybody was Jewish in my neighborhood. There might have been one\nor two that weren't. It was on Michael Lane. Everybody I remember was Jewish. I\ncan't think of anybody that was not Jewish.\n\nBERMAN: Most of your friends, then, were Jewish.\n\nSHER: Yes. I had a lot of non-Jewish friends, also, ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35154/file/104098#t=1920.0,1950.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35154/file/104098/transcript/22060/annotation/66","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"but as you got older I was\ncloser to the Jewish kids.\n\nBERMAN: You finished high school in Birmingham?\n\nSHER: Yes.\n\nBERMAN: Then did you go right into business, or did you go to college?\n\nSHER: I went to Mountain Brook High School and graduated there. I was in the\nfirst tenth grade class there when they were building that high school. Then I\nwent to the University of Florida [Gainesville, Florida]. My parents didn't\nreally spend any time with me, because they were too busy working to try to\nfigure out where to go. I decided on Florida because I liked the weather. I\ndidn't know anything ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35154/file/104098#t=1950.0,1980.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35154/file/104098/transcript/22060/annotation/67","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"about what you do there or anything. They wanted me to go\nwherever I wanted to go, so I went to the University of Florida. Then that year,\nmy father died, in May of that first year. I felt so bad for my mother I figured\nI'd move to Birmingham and go to the University of Alabama in Tuscaloosa. I'd\ncome home on the weekends. David, who's eight years older, had been in the\nbusiness one year when my dad died, so I would work on the weekends and help him\nwhen I ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35154/file/104098#t=1980.0,2010.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35154/file/104098/transcript/22060/annotation/68","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"could. I graduated from the University of Alabama actually, in Tuscaloosa.\n\nBERMAN: Where did you meet your wife?\n\nSHER: I met her when she was 15 years old. Actually I met her at a party in\nDavid Aarons' [home], who's a friend of mine . . . a New Year's Eve party . . .\nactually I had a date with another girl. We started socializing there, and [I]\nended up dating her and ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35154/file/104098#t=2010.0,2040.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35154/file/104098/transcript/22060/annotation/69","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"marrying her. She was 15, and I was 18 at the time.\n\nBERMAN: Was she from here?\n\nSHER: She's from Birmingham. Her parents lived on the Northside, where my\nparents did, of Birmingham. That's the Epsman family. They were all\nintermingled. It seems like everything's incestuous in Birmingham. Everybody's\nlived with each other and married somebody. It's been a close community, and\nit's gone on for a long time. There's a lot of roots here.\n\nBERMAN: Her first ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35154/file/104098#t=2040.0,2070.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35154/file/104098/transcript/22060/annotation/70","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"name?\n\nSHER: Debbie.\n\nBERMAN: Any children?\n\nSHER: Yes, I have a daughter Emily, who's 32, a son Robert, who's 28, and a\ndaughter Amanda, who's 24.\n\nBERMAN: Very nice. Are they here in Birmingham?\n\nSHER: Yes. All three of them are here.\n\nBERMAN: How do you see the Birmingham Jewish community having changed over the\nyears? How would you describe it?\n\nSHER: In what ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35154/file/104098#t=2070.0,2100.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35154/file/104098/transcript/22060/annotation/71","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"period?\n\nBERMAN: Are they still kind of cohesive? Has it spread out in neighborhoods?\n\nSHER: My perception of it . . . I was president of the Jewish Community Center\nand involved as a volunteer for 20 years or so. I've always felt, and what I've\nalways seen, is that Birmingham is really a close-knit Jewish community that\nleverages itself much more than you would ever believe, as far as ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35154/file/104098#t=2100.0,2130.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35154/file/104098/transcript/22060/annotation/72","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"fundraising or\nhow they work together on things. The cooperation is unbelievable. It's a really\nclose-knit community that's perpetuating itself. I think a lot of young people\nare staying here.\n\nBERMAN: Is there any separation any longer between the temple and Beth-El or the\ncrowd, or are they all active in the same way?\n\nSHER: I'm not sure I understand what your question is. I'm ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35154/file/104098#t=2130.0,2160.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35154/file/104098/transcript/22060/annotation/73","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"sorry.\n\nBERMAN: The German Jews who . . . the Emanu-El crowd and the Beth-El crowd. Is\neverybody just all cohesive at this point?\n\nSHER: I think over the years that's . . . I don't notice that as much of an\nissue. It might be, but I sure don't notice it.\n\nBERMAN: What about your business? How has that changed over the years?\n\nSHER: My dad passed away. We were a credit clothing business. My brother and I\nhad been partners for 38 years. I've been married for ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35154/file/104098#t=2160.0,2190.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35154/file/104098/transcript/22060/annotation/74","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"38 years. We changed it\nfrom a credit clothing company to a credit furniture company. Different goods,\nsame customers. Then they changed the tax law in 1986, which made it where it\nwas going to be difficult to grow that business, because it was going to change\nfrom a cash basis of accounting to an accrual method of accounting. That's a\nlong story. I won't get into that. Then we decided we need to do something else,\nbecause we were worried about the future of that ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35154/file/104098#t=2190.0,2220.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35154/file/104098/transcript/22060/annotation/75","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"business.\n\nWithin a month of that tax law passing, we got a call from our accountant, Paul.\nHe said, \"Boys, you need to find a different line of work.\" We got busy, and\nwithin two months we opened up a rent-to-own store called 'Happy Rents,' and we\nopened up a collection business called 'AmChecks Collection Service.' It's\ncalled 'AmSher' [Collection Agency] now, which incorporates our last name. We\ndid something with our market, and we did something with the core competency we\nhad. We opened up two ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35154/file/104098#t=2220.0,2250.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35154/file/104098/transcript/22060/annotation/76","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"businesses, because we didn't know if either one or both\nwould work. We divided up our responsibilities, and worked on those two. Happy\nRents did really well. We eventually combined it in with Mr. King. We eventually\nsold Mr. King, and we decided to put our resources into the collection business.\nNothing was wrong with Mr. King. We had just grown up in it all our life, and it\nwas really kind of boring to us at that point. We probably should have kept it,\nbut we decided to do something we hadn't done ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35154/file/104098#t=2250.0,2280.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35154/file/104098/transcript/22060/annotation/77","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"before and opened up the\ncollection business.\n\nBERMAN: Do you have a jingle?\n\nSHER: No jingles. Different customers. We're talking CFOs [Chief Financial\nOfficers] and CEOs. Rap isn't that important to them, I don't think.\n\nBERMAN: What about the other merchants? You said at one time there were Jewish\nmerchants all along the . . .\n\nSHER: Yes, every storefront.\n\nBERMAN: What's happened to that whole era?\n\nSHER: There's no family businesses. I can think of a couple in Birmingham still\nthat are ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35154/file/104098#t=2280.0,2310.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35154/file/104098/transcript/22060/annotation/78","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"retailers, but that's about all. They're doctors. They're lawyers.\nThey're working in corporations or banks. It's just too hard to have a family\nbusiness or that much incentive to open one up now.\n\nBERMAN: Just because of all the chains?\n\nSHER: It's just so complicated to be in business now. So much regulation and\ntaxes. It's very difficult. Obviously it is, because there aren't a lot of\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35154/file/104098#t=2310.0,2340.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35154/file/104098/transcript/22060/annotation/79","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Jewish people who are very resourceful trying to do that now.\n\nBERMAN: It's an era . . . do you miss that? Do you think that the community is\nlacking something because that whole family business era has gone?\n\nSHER: I'm very appreciative that I grew up in it. It helped me as a person. It\nmade me a better person for understanding all that and being able to work. I\ndidn't want to work as a ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35154/file/104098#t=2340.0,2370.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35154/file/104098/transcript/22060/annotation/80","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"kid, but I'm really happy for everything that I got out\nof that. It's just the way things are. I don't think it should go back that way\nnecessarily or that we're really missing anything, but it was a really good\nexperience and an important part of my development.\n\nBERMAN: Have you ever thought about living anywhere else?\n\nSHER: No. I love Birmingham. I do a lot of travel in my work, and my favorite\npart of the trip is coming back to Birmingham.\n\nBERMAN: Why do you love Birmingham?\n\nSHER: ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35154/file/104098#t=2370.0,2400.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35154/file/104098/transcript/22060/annotation/81","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I grew up here. I love the people. I like my life. I like my community. I\nlike a routine, as Sol probably knows. I come to the [Jewish Community] Center\nevery day, and I just enjoy the people. I think the nicest people I've ever met\nare here in Birmingham.\n\nBERMAN: I think on that note we can conclude.\n\nSHER: I hope that was helpful.\n\nBERMAN: I think we're good to go. It was ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35154/file/104098#t=2400.0,2430.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35154/file/104098/transcript/22060/annotation/82","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"great. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35154/file/104098#t=2430.0,2460.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35154/file/104098/transcript/22060/annotation/83","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":" ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35154/file/104098#t=2460.0,2490.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35154/file/104098/transcript/22060/annotation/84","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":null,"format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35154/file/104098#t=2490.0,2520.0"}]},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35154/file/104098/annotation_set/328","type":"AnnotationPage","label":{"en":["Annotations [Transcript]"]},"items":[{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35154/file/104098/annotation_set/328/annotation/85","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eEllis Island in New York Harbor was the gateway for millions of immigrants to the United States.  It was the nation’s busiest immigrant inspection station from 1892 until 1954. Today it is a museum.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35154/file/104098#t=30.0,60.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35154/file/104098/annotation_set/328/annotation/86","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eNorthside is the area north of downtown Birmingham.  It was annexed into the City of Birmingham in 1910.   Typically, it was an area of industrial and commercial development and the neighborhood into with new immigrants, including the wave of Eastern European Jews, moved.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35154/file/104098#t=60.0,90.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35154/file/104098/annotation_set/328/annotation/87","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eAsthma is a chronic lung disease that inflames and narrows the airways causing recurring periods of wheezing, chest tightness, shortness of breath and coughing.  In the past dryer climates and higher elevations with less pollen counts were considered to be better for people with asthma.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35154/file/104098#t=60.0,90.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35154/file/104098/annotation_set/328/annotation/88","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe Young Men’s Hebrew Association was set up in various cities of the United States for the mental, moral, social and physical improvement of Jewish young men. The first YMHA was started in New York in 1874 and spread across the country in the following years. They still exist today and are more like social clubs.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35154/file/104098#t=180.0,210.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35154/file/104098/annotation_set/328/annotation/89","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eTemple Beth-El was founded in 1907 and is a Conservative congregation. The current rabbi (2014) is Randall Konigsburg.  On April 28, 1958, during the Civil Rights Era, dynamite was placed outside the synagogue but it failed to explode.  The crime was never officially solved.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35154/file/104098#t=210.0,240.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35154/file/104098/annotation_set/328/annotation/90","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eRap music is spoken or chanted rhyming lyrics. Rapping is distinct from spoken word poetry in that it is performed in time to a beat.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35154/file/104098#t=450.0,480.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35154/file/104098/annotation_set/328/annotation/91","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003e‘Yankee’ has several meanings, all referring to people from the United States. In Southern American English, ‘Yankee’ refers to a Northerner.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35154/file/104098#t=510.0,540.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35154/file/104098/annotation_set/328/annotation/92","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe Levite Jewish Community Center began as the Young Men’s Hebrew Association (YMHA) and was founded in 1887. It was a center for the Eastern European Jews of the Northside. Throughout the years, it served as a meeting spot for all sorts of Jewish organizations and was the site of many social events. In the 1950’s, it became the ‘Levite Jewish Community Center,’ and moved to $1,000,000 complex on Montclair Road.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35154/file/104098#t=600.0,630.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35154/file/104098/annotation_set/328/annotation/93","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eHebrew for ‘son of commandment.’  A rite of passage for Jewish boys aged 13 years and one day.  At that time, a Jewish boy is considered a responsible adult for most religious purposes.  He is now duty bound to keep the commandments, he puts on tefillin, and may be counted to the minyan quorum for public worship.  He celebrates the bar mitzvah by being called up to the reading of the Torah in the synagogue, usually on the next available Sabbath after his Hebrew birthday.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35154/file/104098#t=660.0,690.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35154/file/104098/annotation_set/328/annotation/94","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe Coca-Cola Company is an American multinational beverage corporation headquartered in Atlanta, Georgia. Its flagship product, Coca-Cola, was invented in 1886 by John Stith Pemberton and was purchased by Asa Griggs Candler in 1889.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35154/file/104098#t=690.0,720.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35154/file/104098/annotation_set/328/annotation/95","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eA soft drink produced and marketed by the Buffalo Rock Company, an independent Pepsi bottler based in Birmingham, Alabama.  Formulated in 1901 as an experiment with ginger to relieve stomach ailments, Sid Lee’s ginger tonic was found to be refreshing in the sweltering summer heat. With the addition of carbonation, this new soda became a household name in Birmingham, Alabama.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35154/file/104098#t=720.0,750.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35154/file/104098/annotation_set/328/annotation/96","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eGreen Spot is a non-carbonated, non-caffeinated orange-based soft drink that was developed in 1934. Now it is sold only overseas.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35154/file/104098#t=720.0,750.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35154/file/104098/annotation_set/328/annotation/97","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eJames Joseph Brown, Jr. (1933-2006) was an American recording artist and musician. One of the founding fathers of funk music and a major figure of twentieth-century popular music and dance, he is often referred to as the ‘Godfather of Soul.’  In a career that spanned six decades, Brown profoundly influenced the development of many different musical genres.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35154/file/104098#t=780.0,810.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35154/file/104098/annotation_set/328/annotation/98","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eMartin Luther King, Jr. (1929-1968) is best known for his role as a leader in the Civil Rights Movement and the advancement of civil rights using nonviolent civil disobedience based on his Christian beliefs.  A Baptist minister, King became a civil rights activist early in his career.  He led the 1955 Montgomery Bus Boycott and helped found the Southern Christian Leadership Conference (SCLC) in 1957, serving as its first president. With the SCLC, King led an unsuccessful struggle against segregation in Albany, Georgia, in 1962, and organized nonviolent protests in Birmingham, Alabama, that attracted national attention following television news coverage of the brutal police response. King also helped to organize the 1963 March on Washington, where he delivered his famous \"I Have a Dream\" speech.  On October 14, 1964, King received the Nobel Peace Prize for combating racial inequality through nonviolence.  In 1965, he and the SCLC helped to organize the Selma to Montgomery marches and the following year, he took the movement north to Chicago to work on segregated housing.  King was assassinated on April 4 in Memphis, Tennessee. His death was followed by riots in many United States cities.  King was posthumously awarded the Presidential Medal of Freedom and the Congressional Gold Medal.  Martin Luther King, Jr. Day was established as a holiday in numerous cities and states beginning in 1971, and as a United States federal holiday in 1986.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35154/file/104098#t=870.0,900.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35154/file/104098/annotation_set/328/annotation/99","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eReverend Fred Shuttlesworth (1922-2011), born Freddie Lee Robinson, was a United States civil rights activist who led the fight against segregation and other forms of racism as a minister in Birmingham, Alabama.  He was a co-founder of the Southern Christian Leadership Conference (SCLC), was instrumental in the 1963 Birmingham Campaign, and continued to work against racism and for the alleviation of the problems of the homeless in Cincinnati, Ohio, where he took up a pastorate in 1961.  He returned to Birmingham after his retirement in 2007.  He helped Martin Luther King Jr. during the civil rights movement.  The Birmingham-Shuttlesworth International Airport was named in his honor in 2008.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35154/file/104098#t=990.0,1020.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35154/file/104098/annotation_set/328/annotation/100","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eMountain Brook is a city and suburb of Birmingham, Alabama.  It extends along the ridges known as ‘Red Mountain’ and ‘Shades Mountain.’ \u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35154/file/104098#t=990.0,1020.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35154/file/104098/annotation_set/328/annotation/101","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThere had been many bombings over the years in Birmingham, so much so that the city was nicknamed “Bombingham.”  The most infamous was the bombing of the 16th Street Baptist Church.  A bomb was placed under the steps of the church on September 15, 1963 and detonated at 10:22 a.m. killing four black children.  An investigation revealed that four members of the local Knights of the Ku Klux Klan Robert Chambliss, Thomas Blanton Jr., Herman Cash (who had died) and Bobby Frank Cherry were the perpetrators. All but Cash were charged with murder and convicted many, many years later in the 1990’s and 2000’s.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35154/file/104098#t=1350.0,1380.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35154/file/104098/annotation_set/328/annotation/102","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eOn April 28, 1958, during the Civil Rights Era, dynamite was placed outside the synagogue but it failed to explode. The crime was never officially solved.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35154/file/104098#t=1380.0,1410.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35154/file/104098/annotation_set/328/annotation/103","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eRabbi Abraham J. Mesch was the rabbi at Temple Beth-El for over 27 years, from 1935 to his death in 1962.  He was an ardent supporter and public advocate of Zionism.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35154/file/104098#t=1440.0,1470.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35154/file/104098/annotation_set/328/annotation/104","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eKiwanis International is an international, coeducational service club founded in 1915. It is a volunteer-led organization dedicated to building better communities, children and youth.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35154/file/104098#t=1530.0,1560.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35154/file/104098/annotation_set/328/annotation/105","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eLions Clubs are worldwide with over 46,000 individual clubs and 1.35 million members. They are a service organization that gets involved in community works. One of the major things they are involved in is helping providing children get eyeglasses.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35154/file/104098#t=1530.0,1560.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35154/file/104098/annotation_set/328/annotation/106","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eFreemasonry is a fraternal organization that traces its origins to the local fraternities of stonemasons in the fourteenth century.  Masons are members of the organization.  The degrees of masonry are Apprentice, Journeyman and Master Mason.  The basic local organizational unit of freemasonry is the lodge.  There are many different freemason organizations.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35154/file/104098#t=1530.0,1560.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35154/file/104098/annotation_set/328/annotation/107","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eFairmont Country Club was established in 1920 for East European Jews.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35154/file/104098#t=1560.0,1590.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35154/file/104098/annotation_set/328/annotation/108","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eHillcrest Country Club was established in 1883 for German Jews.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35154/file/104098#t=1560.0,1590.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35154/file/104098/annotation_set/328/annotation/109","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eA division within Judaism especially in North America and the United Kingdom.  Historically it began in the nineteenth century. In general, the Reform movement maintains that Judaism and Jewish traditions should be modernized and compatible with participation in Western culture. While the Torah remains the law, in Reform Judaism women are included (mixed seating, bat mitzvah and women rabbis), music is allowed in the services and most of the service is in English.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35154/file/104098#t=1560.0,1590.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35154/file/104098/annotation_set/328/annotation/110","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eA division within Judaism especially in North America and the United Kingdom.  Historically it began in the nineteenth century. In general, the Reform movement maintains that Judaism and Jewish traditions should be modernized and compatible with participation in Western culture. While the Torah remains the law, in Reform Judaism women are included (mixed seating, bat mitzvah and women rabbis), music is allowed in the services and most of the service is in English.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35154/file/104098#t=1560.0,1590.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35154/file/104098/annotation_set/328/annotation/111","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eOrthodox Judaism is a traditional branch of Judaism that strictly follows the Written Torah and the Oral Law concerning prayer, dress, food, sex, family relations, social behavior, the Sabbath day, holidays and more.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35154/file/104098#t=1560.0,1590.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35154/file/104098/annotation_set/328/annotation/112","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eA posting machine was a pre-computer bookkeeping machine that was a calculator and printer combination which was used to track billing, payroll and ledger entries.  Computers have made them obsolete.  You may see an image of one at http://www.officemuseum.com/NCR_bookkeeping_machines.htm.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35154/file/104098#t=1770.0,1800.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35154/file/104098/annotation_set/328/annotation/113","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eTemple Emanu-El is a Reform Jewish congregation. The community first held Rosh Ha-Shanah and Yom Kippur celebrations in 1881. Before the synagogue was built, the community met at the Cumberland Presbyterian Church. Land for the synagogue was purchased in 1884 and the building was inaugurated in 1889.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35154/file/104098#t=2160.0,2190.0"}]},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35154/file/104098/index/47571","type":"AnnotationPage","label":{"en":["Sher, Martin [Index]"]},"items":[{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35154/file/104098/index/47571/annotation/114","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Family History ","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Title"]}}],"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35154/file/104098#t=25.0,812.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35154/file/104098/index/47571/annotation/115","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I’d like to begin by asking you a little about your own background, your family’s background, when they came to Birmingham and if you know why.","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Partial Transcript"]}}],"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35154/file/104098#t=25.0,812.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35154/file/104098/index/47571/annotation/116","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Bar Mitzvah","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Birmingham, Alabama","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Ellis Island","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Levite Jewish Community Center","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"New York Clothing Company—Birmingham, Alabama","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Northside","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Sher, Jenny","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Sher, Morris","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Sher, Sylvia","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Sher, Victor","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Temple Beth-El","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"YMHA","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}}],"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35154/file/104098#t=25.0,812.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35154/file/104098/index/47571/annotation/117","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Family Business, Bombings and Life During the Civil Rights Era","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Title"]}}],"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35154/file/104098#t=812.0,1414.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35154/file/104098/index/47571/annotation/118","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"What about during the turbulent late Fifties and Sixties?  Did the store have issues?","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Partial Transcript"]}}],"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35154/file/104098#t=812.0,1414.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35154/file/104098/index/47571/annotation/119","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"16th St. Baptist Church Bombing","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Antisemitism","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Martin Luther King Jr.","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Mountain Brook High 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