{"@context":"http://iiif.io/api/presentation/3/context.json","id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/iiif/7d2q52ft2t/manifest","type":"Manifest","label":{"en":["Massell, Sam (2010)"]},"logo":"https://d9jk7wjtjpu5g.cloudfront.net/organizations/logo_images/000/000/082/original/TheBreman_SecondaryMark_Horizontal_Blue_Black.png?1713640889","metadata":[{"label":{"en":["Date"]},"value":{"en":["2010-11-03 (creation)"]}},{"label":{"en":["Format"]},"value":{"en":["Video"]}},{"label":{"en":["Description"]},"value":{"en":["\u003cp\u003eSam Massell interviewed by Sandra Berman on November 3, 2010 in Atlanta, Georgia.\u003c/p\u003e (general)","\u003cp\u003eSamuel “Sam” A. Massell, Jr. was born in Atlanta, Georgia on August 26, 1927. His parents were Samuel A. Massell, Sr. and Florence (Rubin) Massell. Sam had an older sister, Shirley (Massell) Solomons, and a younger brother, Howard Massell. He was married to Doris (Middlebrooks) Massell, and they had three children: Melanie (Massell) Jacobs, Cindy Massell, and Steven Allen Massell. After Doris’ passing, Sam married his second wife, Sandra (Gordy) Massell.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eThe Massell family has been part of Atlanta’s real estate development for many years. Sam’s father was a partner in Massell Realty Company with his brothers Benjamin Joseph Massell and Levi J. Massell. During the Depression, the company dissolved and the brothers split up and Sam’s father became a lawyer. But Sam’s uncle, Ben Massell, returned to real estate and became a major developer in Atlanta. Sam also spent many years in commercial real estate, prior to entering politics.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eSam grew up in the Druid Hills area of Atlanta and attended Druid Hills High School where he was active in the Top Hat Club. He went to the University of Georgia (UGA), Georgia State University (where he earned a Bachelor of Commercial Science degree), and Atlanta Law School (where he earned an LLB degree). Sam served in the United State Air Force and was a member of Phi Epsilon Pi fraternity at UGA.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eSam Massell spent twenty years in commercial real estate, twenty-two years in elected office, thirteen years in the tourism industry, and over twenty years as a founding member of The Buckhead Coalition. He served Georgia as a member of the Mountain Park City Council, the Atlanta Board of Aldermen, and as Atlanta’s Mayor from 1970-1974. He was the city’s first Jewish Mayor.\u003c/p\u003e (bioghist)","\u003cp\u003eMassell shares memories of growing up in Druid Hills selling Coca-Cola and Grit newspapers as a child, and his time at Druid Hills High School where he was an active member of the Top Hat Club. He describes joining Phi Epsilon Pi while at University of Georgia and serving his country in the Air Force. He also shares memories of planning and attending Ballyhoo in Atlanta.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eHe describes people who were influential to him, including Buddy Mantler, Rabbis David Marx and Jacob Rothschild (from The Temple, where he was a member), Samuel Allan Goldberg, Margaret MacDougall, and Helen Bullard. He also names numerous friends from his childhood, young adult life, and political career.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eHe reflects on his time in public office, providing both personal anecdotes and broader reflections on the changes he experienced in Atlanta during the 1960s and 1970s. He describes the antisemitism he endured; the coalition-building he shared with politicians and activists; the challenges he faced during the Civil Rights and Flower Power movements; and his thoughts on Atlanta mayors who came before and after him. He closes the interview by talking about his work with The Buckhead Coalition and his belief that Atlanta has a bright future ahead.\u003c/p\u003e (scope content)"]}},{"label":{"en":["Source Metadata URI"]},"value":{"en":["https://archivesspace.thebreman.org/repositories/2/archival_objects/28371"]}},{"label":{"en":["Rights Statement"]},"value":{"en":["\u003cp\u003eAll rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, recorded by any information storage and retrieval system, without the express written consent of the William Breman Jewish Heritage Museum.\u003c/p\u003e"]}}],"summary":{"en":["\u003cp\u003eSam Massell interviewed by Sandra Berman on November 3, 2010 in Atlanta, Georgia.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSamuel “Sam” A. Massell, Jr. was born in Atlanta, Georgia on August 26, 1927. His parents were Samuel A. Massell, Sr. and Florence (Rubin) Massell. Sam had an older sister, Shirley (Massell) Solomons, and a younger brother, Howard Massell. He was married to Doris (Middlebrooks) Massell, and they had three children: Melanie (Massell) Jacobs, Cindy Massell, and Steven Allen Massell. After Doris’ passing, Sam married his second wife, Sandra (Gordy) Massell.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eThe Massell family has been part of Atlanta’s real estate development for many years. Sam’s father was a partner in Massell Realty Company with his brothers Benjamin Joseph Massell and Levi J. Massell. During the Depression, the company dissolved and the brothers split up and Sam’s father became a lawyer. But Sam’s uncle, Ben Massell, returned to real estate and became a major developer in Atlanta. Sam also spent many years in commercial real estate, prior to entering politics.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eSam grew up in the Druid Hills area of Atlanta and attended Druid Hills High School where he was active in the Top Hat Club. He went to the University of Georgia (UGA), Georgia State University (where he earned a Bachelor of Commercial Science degree), and Atlanta Law School (where he earned an LLB degree). Sam served in the United State Air Force and was a member of Phi Epsilon Pi fraternity at UGA.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eSam Massell spent twenty years in commercial real estate, twenty-two years in elected office, thirteen years in the tourism industry, and over twenty years as a founding member of The Buckhead Coalition. He served Georgia as a member of the Mountain Park City Council, the Atlanta Board of Aldermen, and as Atlanta’s Mayor from 1970-1974. He was the city’s first Jewish Mayor.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eMassell shares memories of growing up in Druid Hills selling Coca-Cola and Grit newspapers as a child, and his time at Druid Hills High School where he was an active member of the Top Hat Club. He describes joining Phi Epsilon Pi while at University of Georgia and serving his country in the Air Force. He also shares memories of planning and attending Ballyhoo in Atlanta.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eHe describes people who were influential to him, including Buddy Mantler, Rabbis David Marx and Jacob Rothschild (from The Temple, where he was a member), Samuel Allan Goldberg, Margaret MacDougall, and Helen Bullard. He also names numerous friends from his childhood, young adult life, and political career.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eHe reflects on his time in public office, providing both personal anecdotes and broader reflections on the changes he experienced in Atlanta during the 1960s and 1970s. He describes the antisemitism he endured; the coalition-building he shared with politicians and activists; the challenges he faced during the Civil Rights and Flower Power movements; and his thoughts on Atlanta mayors who came before and after him. He closes the interview by talking about his work with The Buckhead Coalition and his belief that Atlanta has a bright future ahead.\u003c/p\u003e"]},"requiredStatement":{"label":{"en":["Attribution"]},"value":{"en":["\u003cp\u003eAll rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, recorded by any information storage and retrieval system, without the express written consent of the William Breman Jewish Heritage Museum.\u003c/p\u003e"]}},"provider":[{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/aboutus","type":"Agent","label":{"en":["William Breman Jewish Heritage Museum"]},"homepage":[{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/","type":"Text","label":{"en":["William Breman Jewish Heritage Museum"]},"format":"text/html"}],"logo":[{"id":"https://d9jk7wjtjpu5g.cloudfront.net/organizations/logo_images/000/000/082/original/TheBreman_SecondaryMark_Horizontal_Blue_Black.png?1713640889","type":"Image"}]}],"thumbnail":[{"id":"https://d9jk7wjtjpu5g.cloudfront.net/collection_resource_files/thumbnails/000/105/067/small/Sam_Massell.png?1619301086","type":"Image","format":"image/png"}],"items":[{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35795/file/105067","type":"Canvas","label":{"en":["Media File 1 of 1 - Massell_Sam.mp4"]},"duration":9860.5,"width":640,"height":360,"thumbnail":[{"id":"https://d9jk7wjtjpu5g.cloudfront.net/collection_resource_files/thumbnails/000/105/067/small/Sam_Massell.png?1619301086","type":"Image","format":"image/png"}],"items":[{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35795/file/105067/content/1","type":"AnnotationPage","items":[{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35795/file/105067/content/1/annotation/1","type":"Annotation","motivation":"painting","body":{"id":"https://aviary-p-thebreman.s3.wasabisys.com/collection_resource_files/resource_files/000/105/067/original/Massell_Sam.mp4?1612184572","type":"Video","format":"video/mp4","duration":9860.5,"width":640,"height":360},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35795/file/105067","metadata":[]}]}],"annotations":[{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35795/file/105067/transcript/22179","type":"AnnotationPage","label":{"en":["Sam Massell [Transcript]"]},"items":[{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35795/file/105067/transcript/22179/annotation/1","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"BERMAN: Today is November 3rd, 2010, and I am with Sam Massell, who has agreed\nto participate in the Esther and Herbert Taylor Oral History Project of the\nWilliam Breman Jewish Heritage Museum. Thank you so much for being here today;\nwe're thrilled that you came in. It's a real honor for me to have a chance to\ninterview you. I've heard about you for so many years. I think we met once, but\nwe have some similar friends in Margaret Weiller ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35795/file/105067#t=0.0,30.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35795/file/105067/transcript/22179/annotation/2","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and Mendel Romm, who yesterday\nsaid--he volunteers for me--said that he eats breakfast with you, occasionally?\n\nMASSELL: Oh yes.\n\nBERMAN: --.and said to say, \"Hello\". So, I wanted to begin the interview by just\ngetting a little bit of background and asking you about your parents, their\nnames--anything that sounds a little bit foreign to the ear, if you could spell\nit out--and where they were from, and how you and your parents and your\ngrandparents ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35795/file/105067#t=30.0,60.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35795/file/105067/transcript/22179/annotation/3","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"ended up in Atlanta.\n\nMASSELL: Well, I don't know as much about my own heritage as I should, but my\nmother was born in St. Louis, [Missouri], maiden name was Rubin, father was a\nrabbi . . .\n\nBERMAN: First name?\n\nMASSELL: . . . ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35795/file/105067#t=60.0,90.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35795/file/105067/transcript/22179/annotation/4","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"excuse me, it was her grandfather was a rabbi. Her father was Sol\nRubin but I don't know the grandfather's first name. But they moved to Atlanta\nwhen she was still single, and she met my father, Sam, Samuel Massell Sr.--I'm\nactually a Jr., but we dropped that many years ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35795/file/105067#t=90.0,120.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35795/file/105067/transcript/22179/annotation/5","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"ago--and they got married. He was\nborn in Atlanta, incidentally. His father came here from Lithuania and his\nbrothers, some born in Atlanta and some born in Lithuania, and some of the\nsisters as well. They ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35795/file/105067#t=120.0,150.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35795/file/105067/transcript/22179/annotation/6","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"were . . . well I'm going very slowly with this. You took\nme back so many years all in one moment. But [I'll] give you a little history\nabout Sam Massell Senior. He and his brothers were in the real estate\ndevelopment business, actually their father was in the wholesale grocery\nbusiness. But the Massells ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35795/file/105067#t=150.0,180.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35795/file/105067/transcript/22179/annotation/7","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"developed the largest real estate development firm in\nAtlanta [Massell Realty Company], probably in Georgia at that time, and built\nmany of the apartment buildings along Boulevard [street] and Park Place [high\nrise condominiums] and Ponce De Leon [Avenue]. You can tell those that were\ntheirs, that are still standing, because they were all done with an in-house\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35795/file/105067#t=180.0,210.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35795/file/105067/transcript/22179/annotation/8","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"architect so they were all exactly alike with a Spanish tile parapet along the\nroofline, they are two and three story buildings. They had the same design for\nthe little strip shopping centers they did around Little Five Points and Emory\nVillage and near the Varsity. They were just all over town, Northside mostly,\nwhere they built these ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35795/file/105067#t=210.0,240.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35795/file/105067/transcript/22179/annotation/9","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"little five and six store buildings, retail centers. They\nbuilt warehouses as well, in fact, the Jones Warehouse on the corner of Marietta\n[Street] and Jones Avenue--it's not Jones now, it's Ivan Allen Boulevard--it's\nstill standing. It was, at that time, the largest warehouse in Atlanta; it's a\nmulti-story warehouse [and] it's now ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35795/file/105067#t=240.0,270.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35795/file/105067/transcript/22179/annotation/10","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"loft apartments, or condos, actually. And\nthey built some hotels, the old Henry Grady Hotel which was on leased land from\nthe State [of Georgia], and the Atlantan [Hotel], and some others. But, they\nwere major developers, and then the Depression came, and they lost everything\nand split up. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35795/file/105067#t=270.0,300.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35795/file/105067/transcript/22179/annotation/11","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"My father then went into law. My Uncle Ben, one of his brothers,\nwent back into real estate and again amassed a fortune and became the largest\ntax payer in Georgia and the largest developer. [He] built most of Midtown, all\nof the office buildings--many of which are still standing--that have been\nconverted now to condominium buildings or other multi-purpose ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35795/file/105067#t=300.0,330.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35795/file/105067/transcript/22179/annotation/12","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"properties. At\nthat time, he built the Peachtree Seventh Building, which was the largest office\nbuilding in Atlanta. It was half a million square feet for the General Service\nAdministration (GSA) which was a federal government occupancy. It's still\nstanding, and has been converted to multi-family, I think condo, but maybe\nrental apartments. But my father, as I started telling, ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35795/file/105067#t=330.0,360.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35795/file/105067/transcript/22179/annotation/13","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"went to Atlanta Law\nSchool--where I later also graduated--and he practiced law. He and my mother had\nthree children.\n\nBERMAN: What was your mother's name?\n\nMASSELL: Florence, Florence Rubin. They had three children, I was in the middle.\nI had an older sister Shirley who married Phillip Solomons ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35795/file/105067#t=360.0,390.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35795/file/105067/transcript/22179/annotation/14","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"from Savannah,\nGeorgia and lived there after her marriage for many years until she passed away;\nand she had three sons. But I had also a younger sibling, my brother Howard who\nhad been married a couple of times and has since passed away. He also had\nchildren. My ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35795/file/105067#t=390.0,420.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35795/file/105067/transcript/22179/annotation/15","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"life was a happy one . . . do you want me to just keep talking?\n\nBERMAN: Well, I'm going to interject, if I may . . .\n\nMASSELL: Well sure, I don't know what . . .\n\nBERMAN: I wanted to get the initial background . . .\n\nMASSELL: Yes.\n\nBERMAN: . . . but I wanted to go back to your earliest days. First of all, what\ndrew your uncle and your father into the development business, do you have any idea?\n\nMASSELL: No, I don't; probably money.\n\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35795/file/105067#t=420.0,450.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35795/file/105067/transcript/22179/annotation/16","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"BERMAN: And your earliest years, where did you live?\n\nMASSELL: Incidentally, I will mention, I went into real estate myself\nlater--which you might get into--but, as a result, I was renting a lot of their\nbuildings, as well as other buildings of other owners. But, their\nbuildings--being new--rented very well, but they weren't pretty. They weren't\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35795/file/105067#t=450.0,480.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35795/file/105067/transcript/22179/annotation/17","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"architecturally exciting to anybody, they never won any awards of that kind.\nBut, they rented just overnight because they were air-conditioned--which was\nsomething new for Atlanta at that time--and they had parking, which was\nsomething new relatively, and they had asphalt floors and acoustic ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35795/file/105067#t=480.0,510.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35795/file/105067/transcript/22179/annotation/18","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"ceilings and\nflorescent lighting. So that was just wonderful, and they rented like hotcakes.\nBut anyway, you asked--I got off on a tangent there--you asked . . .\n\nBERMAN: I asked where you spent your earliest years, what neighborhood?\n\nMASSELL: Oh yes. I was born, the first month of life, I spent in the Massellton Apartments,\n\nwhich my father and his brothers built, which still stands [and] which is on\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35795/file/105067#t=510.0,540.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35795/file/105067/transcript/22179/annotation/19","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Ponce De Leon [Avenue], right near Piedmont [Avenue]. [It's] still called the\nMassellton, but it's a converted condo building. And there was a very exciting\ndevelopment, and in this case, they might have had an outside architect, because\nit was first class. I know that, not from memory--being one month old--but I do\nhave a brochure on that building which describes it being fireproof, having\nchutes from every ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35795/file/105067#t=540.0,570.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35795/file/105067/transcript/22179/annotation/20","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"unit to the basement for an incinerator, having inside\nparking; and that parking is still there underneath the building, but you can't\nget a car in because it's too narrow for today's automobiles. But it was really\na first-class building, and it's very handsome as well, and it remains a nice\nreal estate historic property in Atlanta. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35795/file/105067#t=570.0,600.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35795/file/105067/transcript/22179/annotation/21","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"But we moved from there to Oakdale\nRoad--1280 Oakdale--which was the last block of Oakdale in Druid Hills, it ran\nfrom North Decatur Road to Emory Road, very small part of Oakdale. I mention its\nsize because it had significant residents. It included Herman Talmadge, who\nlater became governor and senator. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35795/file/105067#t=600.0,630.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35795/file/105067/transcript/22179/annotation/22","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"It included Bert Parks, famous for Miss\nAmerica emceeing, moderating. It included Larry Gellerstedt who later became a\nmajor civic leader in Atlanta, became president of the Chamber of Commerce and\nPresident of Beers Construction Company, and just an all-around ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35795/file/105067#t=630.0,660.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35795/file/105067/transcript/22179/annotation/23","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"outstanding\ncivic leader. Justice [William Henry] Duckworth's brother lived in that block.\nAnyway, it was pretty interesting for a block that small to have that many\nprominent people. One I'm going to tell you about, just because he would\nappreciate being mentioned, was Charlie Held, H-E-L-D, who lived two doors from\nme. And I mention him because he was president of ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35795/file/105067#t=660.0,690.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35795/file/105067/transcript/22179/annotation/24","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Atlanta Envelope which later\nbecame Atlantic Envelope Company, major business that later merged into the . . .\n\nBERMAN: National Services.\n\nMASSELL: . . . National Services [National Service Industries], thank-you. But\nCharlie Held, whose son was my age--Sonny [Held]--who went to school with me,\nboth at Druid Hills [High School] and later at the University of Georgia. But,\nhis father raised orchids in the backyard, and one of my pets in my ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35795/file/105067#t=690.0,720.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35795/file/105067/transcript/22179/annotation/25","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"backyard was\na billy goat. And the billy goat would occasionally get loose and go down and\neat his orchids. My billy goat had good taste. Mr. Held didn't appreciate it,\nbut I'm giving him his due now, many years later. I lived there at, 1280\nOakdale, for eleven years and went to Druid Hills School. At that time, it was\nboth elementary and high school; it still stands but as a high school only. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35795/file/105067#t=720.0,750.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35795/file/105067/transcript/22179/annotation/26","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"It\nwas an interesting and very healthy experience for me, more than I was aware of\nat the time as a child. This was a county school, and as such, it had busses\nthat went out into the rural areas to pick up barefoot kids in blue jeans. But\nbeing in Druid Hills, which was sort of the ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35795/file/105067#t=750.0,780.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35795/file/105067/transcript/22179/annotation/27","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Buckhead of yesteryear, it also had\nvery wealthy children who were chauffeur-driven. And we mixed together. We\nplayed together, we studied together, we worked together, and we didn't know\nthat there were differences, socio-economically or otherwise. And I think--I\nknow--that helped me in later years understanding differences of ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35795/file/105067#t=780.0,810.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35795/file/105067/transcript/22179/annotation/28","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"the racial\nstrife that Atlanta and urban America went through in my early adulthood. So, it\nwas really a major help to me having that experience of that type of school. I\nwas not a good student. I was evidently smart enough to know that schooling was\nimportant because I kept going. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35795/file/105067#t=810.0,840.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35795/file/105067/transcript/22179/annotation/29","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Years later, at one time I was going to two\nnight colleges at the same time--Georgia State [University] and Atlanta Law\nSchool--and even working a little bit in my dad's law office in the daytime. I\nknew that I should just keep going, and if I just sat there, I'd get something\nby osmosis. And I still believe that to this day, that you get something out of\nit even if you're ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35795/file/105067#t=840.0,870.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35795/file/105067/transcript/22179/annotation/30","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"not academically first in line. Incidentally, my high school\nprincipal, Hayden C. Brown, I'll never forget because he'd never forget me. The\nlast week of school, in fact, he stood there and shook his long thin finger at\nme and said, \"Buddy,\" --I was known as Buddy then--he said, \"Buddy, you'll never\namount to anything.\" And ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35795/file/105067#t=870.0,900.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35795/file/105067/transcript/22179/annotation/31","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I probably earned that, and maybe that was just the\nchallenge I needed. I know sometimes you don't know what motivates you.\n\nBERMAN: Who were some of your friends? Who were your contemporaries that you\nwent to school with?\n\nMASSELL: Well, I mentioned Sonny Held a minute ago, and he had a younger\nbrother, Charles Junior, who was a contemporary of my brother's; Jack Brail, ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35795/file/105067#t=900.0,930.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35795/file/105067/transcript/22179/annotation/32","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and\nhe had a younger brother also, Bobby. It seems like all the families had the two\nboys that played together and studied together. Donald Chait was a buddy, not\nfrom school, but from Sunday School. He went to another school because he lived\nup on Briarcliff Road, just outside the district I guess, for Druid Hills\nSchool. Arthur Heyman ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35795/file/105067#t=930.0,960.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35795/file/105067/transcript/22179/annotation/33","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"was one of my friends, although a year or two older, and .\n. . well, I don't know where to stop or start, but I had a happy childhood. I\nwas instilled with the work ethic. That interests me, when I reflect on it,\nbecause I don't remember ever being told--and I'm sure I ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35795/file/105067#t=960.0,990.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35795/file/105067/transcript/22179/annotation/34","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"wasn't--that \"Buddy,\nyou have to go out and make some money, you have to help us pay the mortgage,\"\nor whatever. I was never told, \"You should have some kind of job.\" But I always\nhad a job, always, whether it was selling flower seeds door to door, as a child,\nor selling the national newspaper called, Grit, or throwing the daily newspaper,\nthe Atlanta Georgian, at one time the ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35795/file/105067#t=990.0,1020.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35795/file/105067/transcript/22179/annotation/35","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Atlanta Northside Neighbor or Northside\nNews, actually became daily for a while--I threw that. I sold fireworks, which I\nthink were probably illegal. I had a great drink stand on the corner of North\nDecatur [Road] and Oakdale Road. In those days, The Coca-Cola Company used to\nhave a box stand that--I don't remember if they would rent it to us or sell it\nto us--but anyway, somehow, ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35795/file/105067#t=1020.0,1050.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35795/file/105067/transcript/22179/annotation/36","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"they provided those with a Coca-Cola sign. And boys\nall over Atlanta had those on prominent corners. The truck would come by and\nbring us two cases or three cases of soft drinks, whatever we'd buy at two cents\na bottle, and we'd sell them at five cents a bottle, so we made a nice profit.\nMy drink stand was named \"Bud's Place\", cold drinks and ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35795/file/105067#t=1050.0,1080.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35795/file/105067/transcript/22179/annotation/37","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"other food products, I\nhad some crackers and other things. Occasionally I'd bring something from the\nrefrigerator at home that they didn't know about, maybe a couple of bottles of\nbeer or something. Because there were workmen in the area, and they would come\nby, and I would sell whatever. I always sought out ways to make a buck somewhere.\n\nBERMAN: Why were you called Buddy?\n\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35795/file/105067#t=1080.0,1110.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35795/file/105067/transcript/22179/annotation/38","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"MASSELL: Because I was a Junior, I guess. And that was the same way Sonny\nHeld--I mentioned, he was Charles--he was a Junior, I think. That was the\nreason, incidentally, that when I had a son I did not name him after me\ndirectly. Because I didn't want him to be burdened, ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35795/file/105067#t=1110.0,1140.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35795/file/105067/transcript/22179/annotation/39","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and it can be a burden to\nhave a nickname because it's hard enough to get your own name well known. I\nmean, if you're building politically--and particularly politically--or in\nbusiness or whatever, if you're trying to build name recognition, if you've got\ntwo names, it's twice as hard, was my reasoning. But anyway, I named him Steven\nAllen Massell, so his initials spell S-A-M, so it worked out. But that was why I\nwas called \"Buddy\".\n\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35795/file/105067#t=1140.0,1170.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35795/file/105067/transcript/22179/annotation/40","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"BERMAN: So, you stayed in the Druid Hills area until around [when] you were eleven?\n\nMASSELL: Lived there for eleven years, yes, and then we moved to Briarcliff Road.\n\nBERMAN: Why did you move?\n\nMASSELL: I think the economy, but I don't know. We rented the home on Briarcliff\n[Road], we owned the home on Oakdale [Road], I mean my parents did. And I was\nnot brought into the deliberations, so I'm not certain, but I think it was the\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35795/file/105067#t=1170.0,1200.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35795/file/105067/transcript/22179/annotation/41","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"economy. And we stayed there on Briarcliff for, well . . . it was when I was\nfifteen, I think, we moved to St. Charles Place, into a home that my\ngrandparents owned. And they were moving into a smaller, into an apartment\nbuilding. I think all of this had to do with the economy. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35795/file/105067#t=1200.0,1230.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35795/file/105067/transcript/22179/annotation/42","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"We were never rich\nbut, I never thought of myself as being in need, mostly because I would go out\nand earn money to buy what I needed.\n\nBERMAN: Was your social life mainly with your public school friends or was it\nwith your synagogue, temple friends? And talk to me a little bit about your\ntemple life.\n\nMASSELL: Well, I was ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35795/file/105067#t=1230.0,1260.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35795/file/105067/transcript/22179/annotation/43","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"born into The Temple membership and spent my youth there,\ngoing to Sunday School and Confirmation and had a number of friends there.\nSocially, we had a group that were close knit; we ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35795/file/105067#t=1260.0,1290.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35795/file/105067/transcript/22179/annotation/44","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"socialized together at the\nStandard Club, we had the Ballyhoo Club, which I resurrected--which had died\nout--and we started it back, and I was head of that a couple of times. Actually,\nI wanted to date girls at Druid Hills [High School], but I didn't have the\nself-confidence to ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35795/file/105067#t=1290.0,1320.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35795/file/105067/transcript/22179/annotation/45","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"ask them for dates. I don't remember dating many girls from\nthe Temple either for that matter. I was very insecure and an introvert up until\nI was fifteen. A colleague, student, friend, peer--Charlie Goldstein, who was in\nmy Sunday School class, but also in my Druid Hills [High] School class--was ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35795/file/105067#t=1320.0,1350.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35795/file/105067/transcript/22179/annotation/46","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"very\npopular at Druid Hills, [and] was running for student body president and asked\nme if I would paint his signs, which an introvert can do. I remember very well\nin the turnaround at home on Briarcliff [Road] in the backyard, painting those\nsigns, \"Goldstein for President,\" and he got elected. And I was pleased my job\nwas done, but he turned around and said, \"No, you're going to be student body\ntreasurer.\" The president appoints a treasurer, and I was shocked and I said,\n\"Well I don't want that,\" ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35795/file/105067#t=1350.0,1380.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35795/file/105067/transcript/22179/annotation/47","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and I wasn't being coy, I really didn't want it. But\nhe made me do it, and maybe again, that was one of my turning points in life,\nbecause for some reason, it lit a fire, I liked it. Maybe it's because I found I\ncould do something, maybe it was a feeling of power, you know, I had the\ncheckbook. I'm not sure why, but ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35795/file/105067#t=1380.0,1410.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35795/file/105067/transcript/22179/annotation/48","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"there was no turning back then. I started, if\nthere wasn't an organization of which I could become head, I would start an\norganization. And I did that at Druid Hills, and then I went immediately to\nUniversity of Georgia. This was 1944 when I graduated high school, and World War\nII was still on and I knew I would be drafted when I became old enough. I was\nsixteen then, ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35795/file/105067#t=1410.0,1440.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35795/file/105067/transcript/22179/annotation/49","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and I rushed up to Athens, [Georgia] during the summer, in fact,\nand enrolled in summer school. I went there the first quarter, and this is a\npolitical coup that sounds so good on a resume if you don't tell the rest of the\nstory. I became president of my college fraternity chapter as a first-quarter\nfreshman and only sixteen too. It was unheard of course. But other side, ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35795/file/105067#t=1440.0,1470.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35795/file/105067/transcript/22179/annotation/50","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"the\nrest of the story is that this was during World War II, most of the able-bodied\nmen were off at war. Most of the fraternities had closed entirely, Phi Ep [Phi\nEpsilon Pi] had one man left, and he was in a little rented apartment above an\noffice in downtown Athens. And he pledged three of us, Jack Brail, and Sonny\nHeld--the two friends I had mentioned earlier--and myself. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35795/file/105067#t=1470.0,1500.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35795/file/105067/transcript/22179/annotation/51","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And he failed, left\nschool, and the alumni had to rush up there and initiate us and then had to hold\nan election. I didn't need but one more vote . . . I had my vote, and I got\nsomebody from the outside--Louie Bowen, who went to Druid Hills with me--who was\nnot Jewish, who was not in a fraternity at all. I got him to work on Sonny or\nJack, I'm not sure which one he got. But he got one of them and ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35795/file/105067#t=1500.0,1530.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35795/file/105067/transcript/22179/annotation/52","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I won by a\nlandslide, sixty-six and two-thirds percent of the vote. Now, I came back later\nafter World War II, after I came out of the Air Force and went to [University\nof] Georgia again and went through Phi Ep, when we had a big chapter and a big\nhouse, and became Superior again--that's what they called the president--so, I\ndid it legitimately as well.\n\nBERMAN: Let's backtrack just a little bit. I'd like to talk a little bit more\nabout high school and Sunday School and the Temple. What do you remember ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35795/file/105067#t=1530.0,1560.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35795/file/105067/transcript/22179/annotation/53","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"about\ngoing to synagogue or Sunday School? Any anecdotes about Rabbi Marx or . . .\n\nMASSELL: Well, I went through a period where a lot of us in the Reform group at\nthat age, were uncomfortable with being Jewish. It's interesting, ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35795/file/105067#t=1560.0,1590.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35795/file/105067/transcript/22179/annotation/54","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"because now\nI'm so proud of it, and like I pointed out before, I think it helped me a lot\npolitically. This being sensitive to my fellow man, it's just, all the teachings\nof Judaism had meant so much to me. But, I'll tell you something that helped me\na great deal one time, again another maybe turning point. I was ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35795/file/105067#t=1590.0,1620.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35795/file/105067/transcript/22179/annotation/55","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"at the annual\nbanquet--black tie formal banquet--of the Top Hat Club, which was a high school\nfraternity we had for Jewish kids because we were not allowed in the other\nfraternities in the high schools. And so, we had one that was city-wide, I mean\nit wasn't just for one school, and it'd been in that business many, many years\nand very successful. But, ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35795/file/105067#t=1620.0,1650.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35795/file/105067/transcript/22179/annotation/56","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"we had an annual banquet, and we had a speaker, and on\nthis occasion the keynote was by a Dr. Weinstein, who--I don't remember his\nfirst name--but he wrote a book called The Barbed Wire Surgeon. I remember, he\nbuilt some apartments on or near Northside Drive in Dresden or somewhere in\nthere, that would allow children, because other ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35795/file/105067#t=1650.0,1680.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35795/file/105067/transcript/22179/annotation/57","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"people who were building them\nwouldn't allow children. Anyway, I just remember those anecdotes about him. But\nin his address, he was telling us how he had to work so much harder being\nJewish, that he had to work much harder than his colleagues or peers to get into\nmedical school. And then, in medical school, he had to work much harder ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35795/file/105067#t=1680.0,1710.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35795/file/105067/transcript/22179/annotation/58","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"to get\nhis Boards, and whatever the different steps are that you go through for\nmedicine. And he said, \"You know what, as a result, I became twice as good as\nthe others,\" because he worked twice as hard. And boy, that resonated with me. I\nliked that message, so maybe that's when I started being proud.\n\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35795/file/105067#t=1710.0,1740.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35795/file/105067/transcript/22179/annotation/59","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"BERMAN: It sounds like the speech really impacted you, for you to remember it\nall these years.\n\nMASSELL: Oh it did, it did, it really did. Because I say it with some\nembarrassment, but we were, I mean some of the kids . . . I remember Joel\nGoldberg, not the one who later became president of Rich's, this was the one\nwhose father was owner of a real estate firm where I later worked. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35795/file/105067#t=1740.0,1770.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35795/file/105067/transcript/22179/annotation/60","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"He talked\nabout changing his name so he wouldn't be Jewish when he first walked in to try\nto make a real estate sale or something. So, we went through that period of\nstruggle, \"trying to avoid being Black,\" you can't.\n\nBERMAN: It's interesting to me, and maybe you could shed a little light on it,\nthat so many of the Temple families were German Jews . . .\n\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35795/file/105067#t=1770.0,1800.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35795/file/105067/transcript/22179/annotation/61","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"MASSELL: Yes.\n\nBERMAN: . . . early German settlers to Atlanta and wherever. Your family was\nfrom Lithuania. How did you . . .\n\nMASSELL: Well, my mother's side was from Germany.\n\nBERMAN: So, is that how you made that . . .\n\nMASSELL: Well, I don't know how they did it.\n\nBERMAN: Did they ever join [or] were they ever part of the AA congregation?\n\nMASSELL: No. The closest we came to it was in later years I joined, in addition\nto the Standard Club, ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35795/file/105067#t=1800.0,1830.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35795/file/105067/transcript/22179/annotation/62","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I joined the Progressive Club because they had some deal.\nIt was ten dollars a month, and I said you can't pass that up, you know.\n\nBERMAN: And the Top Hat Club was all Reform Jews.\n\nMASSELL: Yes.\n\nBERMAN: Were any of your contemporaries in AZA or . . .\n\nMASSELL: Yes, I knew some of them that were in AZA. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35795/file/105067#t=1830.0,1860.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35795/file/105067/transcript/22179/annotation/63","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"The Top Hat Club had a\nbasketball team, and we would play AZA chapters. And Gene Asher was active in\nAZA as I recall. Of course, as the years passed I became acquainted ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35795/file/105067#t=1860.0,1890.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35795/file/105067/transcript/22179/annotation/64","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"with more of\nthem and worked with them in the business world. But, as children, we didn't\nsocialize much together. The Top Hat Club was the Reform Judaism, the Ballyhoo\nClub was Reform, my life was in the Reform group.\n\nBERMAN: What else did the Top Hat Club do? I have little charms in our\ncollection, little Top Hats from . . .\n\nMASSELL: Yes.\n\nBERMAN: . . . different people. But, what were some of the activities you did?\n\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35795/file/105067#t=1890.0,1920.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35795/file/105067/transcript/22179/annotation/65","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"MASSELL: Well, this is a terrible story, not really responsive to what you asked\nme. We had a newspaper, and one year I was editor of the Top Hat News and my\nfriend, Charlie Held--Sonny, the one they called Sonny--was treasurer and he\nkept ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35795/file/105067#t=1920.0,1950.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35795/file/105067/transcript/22179/annotation/66","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"failing to do his duty as treasurer. So, the bylaws say when they don't\nperform, you impeach; there are procedures in every bylaws, and we didn't think\nanything of it, we just impeached him. Because he kept coming up with excuses,\nhis dog ate the books or whatever, and so that was the story. I didn't think it\nwas an alarming story but, I put that on the front page of the Top Hat News:\n\"Held ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35795/file/105067#t=1950.0,1980.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35795/file/105067/transcript/22179/annotation/67","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Impeached as Treasurer\". Wow, the [National] Enquirer would love something\nlike that. Well, his father being president of the Atlanta Envelop Company, knew\na lot more about the postal regulations than I did. He got wind of this and was\nable to get the post office to stop them, and they never went out. No one ever\nsaw a copy of that paper. They're still buried somewhere ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35795/file/105067#t=1980.0,2010.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35795/file/105067/transcript/22179/annotation/68","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"in the bowels of the\npost office I guess.\n\nBERMAN: That's hysterical.\n\nMASSELL: But, the Top Hat Club was like any other fraternity. We had parties,\nsocial events, we had sports--I mentioned--we had our own uniforms. I even\narranged for a game once with the B-Team at Druid Hills, where the Top Hat Club\nplayed them.\n\nBERMAN: Was it basketball, mainly?\n\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35795/file/105067#t=2010.0,2040.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35795/file/105067/transcript/22179/annotation/69","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"MASSELL: Basketball, yes. We had little gold charms that we got as first\nstringers or whatever. Now, the girls had a group called \"Lucky Thirteen\" and so\nwe would socialize with them. They also had a pin, a little horseshoe as I\nremember, with a \"13\" in it.\n\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35795/file/105067#t=2040.0,2070.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35795/file/105067/transcript/22179/annotation/70","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"BERMAN: And getting to Ballyhoo, before we get to more serious topics. Ballyhoo\nhas, as you know, had this amazing resurrection because of Alfred Uhry. And we\nhave a lot of Ballyhoo material in the archives, but tell me what a typical\nBallyhoo weekend was like. No one's really described how it all . . .\n\nMASSELL: Well, ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35795/file/105067#t=2070.0,2100.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35795/file/105067/transcript/22179/annotation/71","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"it was wonderful, it really was, socially I mean. It was the\nevent we looked forward to all year and worked on it all year, getting ready for\nit. We had all kinds of committees, in fact . . . I'll digress and come back to\nyour question, before I forget. It's how I got my first job. I was president of\nthe Ballyhoo Club, and we had committees for everything, ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35795/file/105067#t=2100.0,2130.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35795/file/105067/transcript/22179/annotation/72","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"whether it's program\ncommittee, or entertainment committee, or music committee, whatever, and each\ncommittee had a senior advisor. We had a meeting at the old Standard Club, a\ncommittee meeting, and as president I was telling each committee chairman what\nthey were expected to do. Then I was giving them a little 3\" x 5\" card where I\nhad all of this recorded so they would know, ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35795/file/105067#t=2130.0,2160.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35795/file/105067/transcript/22179/annotation/73","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"without excuse, what they were\nsupposed to do. And Buddy Mantler who was the senior advisor to one of the\ncommittees, was there; Marshall J. Mantler was his full real name. And after the\nmeeting he said he was impressed with my efficiency or something, and asked if\nI'd like to go to work for him. It just happened, timewise, that I was ready ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35795/file/105067#t=2160.0,2190.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35795/file/105067/transcript/22179/annotation/74","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"for\na job. I was still going to night school, but my father and I'd had a little\nfalling out. I was working in his law office in the day time, and later we got\nback together fortunately, when I realized I wasn't as smart as I thought I was.\nBut Buddy hired me because of Ballyhoo, frankly. And I'm going to tell you one\nother Buddy Mantler story and then come back, if you'll help me remember to. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35795/file/105067#t=2190.0,2220.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35795/file/105067/transcript/22179/annotation/75","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I\nworked for Buddy as Chief of Publications, although I had not studied\njournalism. That's what he wanted me to do, and so I did. He was tough and rough\nand . . .\n\nBERMAN: What was his business?\n\nMASSELL: He was president of the National Association of Women's and Children's\nApparel Salesmen, like a union. It's interesting because my first job was in\nassociation work and now-- what, seventy years later, ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35795/file/105067#t=2220.0,2250.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35795/file/105067/transcript/22179/annotation/76","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"or sixty--I'm in\nassociation work. But, he was the head man, and he hired me to handle the\npublications. They had a monthly newspaper that went to the members all over the\ncountry, we had a quarterly magazine that went to retail apparel stores in the\nSoutheast, we had an annual directory, and so forth. But, I could tell a lot of\nBuddy Mantler stories. The one I wanted to share with you, which was a wonderful\nexperience, ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35795/file/105067#t=2250.0,2280.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35795/file/105067/transcript/22179/annotation/77","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"again somebody who changed my life. I came in one day to ask for a\nraise. I had gotten a couple of raises already with him, I'd been there about\ntwo years. He said, \"No Buddy, I'm going to fire you.\". Well, actually Sam, I\nwas called Sam then. After I started college was when I dropped the Buddy. He\nsaid, \"Sam, I'm going to fire you.\" I was young and scared to death and [said],\n\"Why? Because ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35795/file/105067#t=2280.0,2310.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35795/file/105067/transcript/22179/annotation/78","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I've done all the work you asked me to do, and I've done it well,\"\nand I defended myself the best I could. And he said, \"Well, okay, you've made a\ngood case. If you want, I'll keep you here, and I'll give you another $50.00 a\nmonth raise like I've done in the past, and I'll probably do that again every\nsix months, nine months, or so the rest of your life, if you want. But the truth\nof the matter is, it's time that you got out and made a real living, and you\nought to be in real estate. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35795/file/105067#t=2310.0,2340.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35795/file/105067/transcript/22179/annotation/79","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I'm going to call Sam Goldberg and arrange an\ninterview for you,\" and he sent me over there and sure enough, I got a job\nthere. And the first year I paid my way in income taxes, and Buddy had paid me\nin salary, so it was a wonderful story of a guy who tossed me like a bird out to\nlearn how to fly. He just forced it on me. Going back where?\n\nBERMAN: You were going to go through a typical ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35795/file/105067#t=2340.0,2370.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35795/file/105067/transcript/22179/annotation/80","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Ballyhoo weekend . . .\n\nMASSELL: Well, like I said, we worked a full twelve months, it seems like,\nputting it together, and then spent a full weekend of fun and revelry just, the\ngood life. We invited Jewish Reform girls and boys from surrounding cities,\nparticularly ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35795/file/105067#t=2370.0,2400.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35795/file/105067/transcript/22179/annotation/81","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Montgomery, [Alabama] and Birmingham, [Alabama] and Columbus,\nGeorgia and those were the main ones. They had similar organizations, the\nFalcons in Columbus I think, and the Jubilee in one of them--anyway, somewhat\nsimilar, not nearly as good as Ballyhoo.\n\nMASSELL: I'm not sure if I can recite exactly in the order, but some of the\nthings ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35795/file/105067#t=2400.0,2430.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35795/file/105067/transcript/22179/annotation/82","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"we had [were] I think on opening day we would have a tea at Rich's\nDepartment Store downtown, for the girls, where they would maybe have some, show\napparel . . .\n\nBERMAN: Fashion show?\n\nMASSELL: . . . fashion type thing, but it was a typical tea for girls. At that\ntime, we would have a stag party for the guys, ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35795/file/105067#t=2430.0,2460.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35795/file/105067/transcript/22179/annotation/83","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and there was a contest to see\nwhich president, each year, would be the boldest in this stag party. I could\ntell some stories that you don't want to undertake, but . . .\n\nBERMAN: No, no, go ahead.\n\nMASSELL: . . . like we would have a stripper, you know. And I know we had a big\n\"Wheel of Fortune\" you could call it, and we'd call somebody--and everybody's\ndrinking beer, they're having a ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35795/file/105067#t=2460.0,2490.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35795/file/105067/transcript/22179/annotation/84","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"party--you call up somebody from this ticket,\nwhatever. He gets to come up and spin the wheel, and it spins, and spins, and\nspins, and it finally stops on, \"Everybody Gets a Free Beer\". So, fine, yeah,\nyeah, everybody gets a free beer. Then he calls somebody else up and he spins\nit, and it goes around and we stop to see a porno or something, a flick, they'd\nhave some movies. Then we'd get a ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35795/file/105067#t=2490.0,2520.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35795/file/105067/transcript/22179/annotation/85","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"guy up--and this is rigged you know, where it\nspins--and it just about hits where the stripper's going to have an affair with\nthe spinner. And then it flips backwards, because there's a guy in back of it,\nactually controlling it. So that was fun, everybody loved that joke. I remember\nanother year . . . we used to have prizes from that, ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35795/file/105067#t=2520.0,2550.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35795/file/105067/transcript/22179/annotation/86","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that you'd win and\neverything, a lot of gifts people would get. I remember, not mine, I think it's\nwhen my brother was president, they gave away an automobile, I mean a real\nautomobile. Now, I don't think he drove more than about a block away before it\nfell apart . . . but it was a real automobile they gave to the winner of the\nspinner. Incidentally, a quick aside, we had a program that was printed in which\nwe sold ads, which was one of the ways we raised money to pay for all of ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35795/file/105067#t=2550.0,2580.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35795/file/105067/transcript/22179/annotation/87","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"this.\nThe people that came from out of town were all free, they didn't have to pay for\nanything. The local people did pay a membership fee or something, and as I said,\nwe raised money from ads and other methods. In this program one year, I think I\nwas helping to put it out, we had a lot of jokes. We tried to be funny through\nthe book, and ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35795/file/105067#t=2580.0,2610.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35795/file/105067/transcript/22179/annotation/88","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"on the back page it had a full-page ad for Allan-Grayson Realty\nCompany. And in the bottom corner of the ad, the border was marked out. So, I\nguess the way to describe it [is that it] said, \"Massell for Mayor\". Now, the\nfunny part of that story--because this was, how old was I, ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35795/file/105067#t=2610.0,2640.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35795/file/105067/transcript/22179/annotation/89","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"in my teens,\nand--years later I'm interviewed when I am Mayor [of Atlanta] by some reporter\nwho just, as one of the questions, [asked] \"When did you first plan to run for\nMayor?\" And I said, \"Well, I never had any plans to run for Mayor, it just\nevolved, the opportunity,\" or something. And Sig Guthman, who was one of my\nfriends and active in the Ballyhoo Club among other things, remembered that. He\nhad a great file, he pulled ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35795/file/105067#t=2640.0,2670.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35795/file/105067/transcript/22179/annotation/90","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"this program out and sent it to us. He said, \"What\ndo you mean you never planned it? Back in the 1940s you said, 'Massell for\nMayor,'\" which was just a joke at the time. Anyway, in addition to the stag\nparty and the tea, we would have a dinner party--and I think a speaker--which\nwas a little more formal. And then the big night of Ballyhoo ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35795/file/105067#t=2670.0,2700.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35795/file/105067/transcript/22179/annotation/91","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"was the costume\nball where we actually had contests. In fact, when [Alfred] Uhry did the play\nfor Broadway, they used a big picture on the marquis in New York which included\nme in a [costume]. I was Napoleon, yes that's who I was, with my hand there, you\nknow. I looked pretty good as ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35795/file/105067#t=2700.0,2730.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35795/file/105067/transcript/22179/annotation/92","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Napoleon, short enough anyway. But, one of the\nsort of unique functions of Ballyhoo was, you were expected to have dates for\nthe dance and then a late date, and then sometimes a late, late date. So, you\nhad a date that you took to the dance, and you took her back to the ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35795/file/105067#t=2730.0,2760.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35795/file/105067/transcript/22179/annotation/93","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"hotel where\nshe was staying, I mean, assuming she was one from out of town. Then, you picked\nup your other date and [did] something else. And then you take her [home]\nsometimes, like I said, and even [had] a late, late date. It was an all-night .\n. . there was some gambling, we'd have some crap games and things like that,\nlate night and all. It was just a long weekend of fun and socializing.\n\nBERMAN: Why do you think it died out?\n\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35795/file/105067#t=2760.0,2790.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35795/file/105067/transcript/22179/annotation/94","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"MASSELL: Well, the first time it died out was because of World War II. That's\nwhen, I mentioned, I decided we ought to bring it back after the war, which we\ndid. Well, I'm sorry, I don't know, I would just be guessing. I really don't know.\n\nBERMAN: Do you think ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35795/file/105067#t=2790.0,2820.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35795/file/105067/transcript/22179/annotation/95","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Alfred Uhry's rendition was accurate?\n\nMASSELL: Yes, yes. I went to it a couple times and thought it was well done. It\nwas accurate, yes.\n\nBERMAN: There was some controversy in the community. I remember Arthur Heyman,\nwho you mentioned earlier, wrote a letter to the Southern Israelite because he\nsaid, \"Not all families had Christmas trees and . . .\" What did you think about that?\n\nMASSELL: About Arthur . . .\n\nBERMAN: Well, just about that whole, how Alfred Uhry ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35795/file/105067#t=2820.0,2850.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35795/file/105067/transcript/22179/annotation/96","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"portrayed the German-Jewish community.\n\nMASSELL: That's the way we were. We did have Christmas trees, and yes, there\nwere exceptions but, it was, we were passing. Is that what they call it in the\nAfrican-American community? It's the truth, dirty as it is.\n\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35795/file/105067#t=2850.0,2880.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35795/file/105067/transcript/22179/annotation/97","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"BERMAN: Why do you think there was that was need?\n\nMASSELL: Well, I think because of the suppression, that it was a way to avoid\nsome of the hardship, it was a way to sometimes miss the antisemitism. It was a\nway to sometimes ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35795/file/105067#t=2880.0,2910.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35795/file/105067/transcript/22179/annotation/98","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"meld into the community. Yes, I think it was an escape, definitely.\n\nBERMAN: Do you think Rabbi Marx, because of his attitude, instilled all that in\nhis congregants as well?\n\nMASSELL: Yes, though he certainly didn't ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35795/file/105067#t=2910.0,2940.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35795/file/105067/transcript/22179/annotation/99","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"suggest it for the same reason that I'm\noutlining. He was saying the benefit it had to the whole community; that you did\nbelong to the whole community, and you should be part of the whole community,\nand you should not be segregated and separated, for your own benefit and for the\nbenefit of the whole community. I thought well of Dr. Marx and still do. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35795/file/105067#t=2940.0,2970.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35795/file/105067/transcript/22179/annotation/100","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And I\nthink the world of Jacob Rothschild . . .\n\nBERMAN: Oh, Jacob Rothschild.\n\nMASSELL: . . . Jacob Rothschild, and he was the other extreme--you might\nsay--from the Reform congregations. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35795/file/105067#t=2970.0,3000.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35795/file/105067/transcript/22179/annotation/101","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And he made me very proud, the leadership\nthat he gave. But actually, during that period--which was one where I was\ninvolved politically--the religious community in general, not just the Jewish\ncommunity, played a more important role and showed more courage--in my\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35795/file/105067#t=3000.0,3030.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35795/file/105067/transcript/22179/annotation/102","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"opinion--and equal rights and opportunities and freedom.\n\nBERMAN: Well let's move into that a little bit. Tell me a little bit about your\nwar service and then coming back to Atlanta.\n\nMASSELL: Well, my war service was one of just trying to get out. The shooting\nwas about over, so I wasn't going to get hurt. My main aim was to try to get\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35795/file/105067#t=3030.0,3060.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35795/file/105067/transcript/22179/annotation/103","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"out. I don't mean illegally, but just get me back to college, I want to go back\nto school, I want to start earning a living. I'm wasting my time here, I'm\nsitting in a barracks, I'm marching with a gun. I mean, [I'm] doing things that\nI don't believe in and I don't subscribe to and I'm not part of it and I wasn't\nhappy with it. I was not a good soldier. And in fact, ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35795/file/105067#t=3060.0,3090.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35795/file/105067/transcript/22179/annotation/104","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I spent most of my time in\nthe library reading the new regulations so I could get out earlier, which I did.\nThat's another whole story. But, in fact, the one thing, I applied for officer\ntraining school and they called me in. They had two openings, ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35795/file/105067#t=3090.0,3120.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35795/file/105067/transcript/22179/annotation/105","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"no, excuse me,\nthey had one opening. They had two of us that passed the exam, and they asked\neach of us a question with a real zinger. They said, \"If we turn you down, will\nyou reapply for the next class?\" Well, I knew I wouldn't because all I wanted to\ndo was get out. But, I knew if I told them no, then obviously, they weren't\ngoing to take me in officer training school. It just showed I wasn't serious.\nBut if I said yes, it meant ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35795/file/105067#t=3120.0,3150.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35795/file/105067/transcript/22179/annotation/106","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"they could pass over me now and wait until the next\ntime. That was a loose - loose question. I don't even remember if I answered it\nat all. But anyway, I spent a year in service in the Air Force teaching\nadministrative management primarily. I had a few other positions, but that's\nwhat I did mostly. I learned to like teaching. I did more teaching ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35795/file/105067#t=3150.0,3180.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35795/file/105067/transcript/22179/annotation/107","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"later when I\nwas in real estate at night school and in [the] Atlanta school system. And I\nenjoy whenever I've had the opportunity to teach. It's wonderful when you can\ntake something from your mind and put it in somebody else's mind, and now you\nboth have it, and it doesn't cost you anything. So, ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35795/file/105067#t=3180.0,3210.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35795/file/105067/transcript/22179/annotation/108","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I don't have any medals or\nanything. I have a Good Conduct Medal. I didn't get into any trouble or\nanything. But, I had the rank of Acting Lieutenant. I had the rank one rank\nhigher than the highest rank in my class. So that means that I was teaching, so\nif I had a class of top sergeants, then I was made an Acting Lieutenant, so, I\ncould court martial them if they misbehaved. Anyway, I could go on talking about\nit, but there's not much to tell there. I will ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35795/file/105067#t=3210.0,3240.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35795/file/105067/transcript/22179/annotation/109","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"tell you a funny Jewish story. My\ndog tag had been misprinted with \"P\" for Protestant instead of--what they put\n\"J\" or \"H\" --I can't remember . . .\n\nBERMAN: \"H\"\n\nMASSELL: . . . \"H\" [for Hebrew]--and I just didn't bother to change it. It\ndidn't mean anything, I wasn't going into battle or anything. And one day in the\nbarracks, these ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35795/file/105067#t=3240.0,3270.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35795/file/105067/transcript/22179/annotation/110","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"guys--a group of them over in the corner--are having an argument\nover something. I happened to walk up and it happened to be something about\nJudaism. They said, \"Ask Sam, see what he thinks,\" and I said, \"Well, my answer\nwould be prejudiced because I'm Jewish.\" And they said, \"No, you're not,\" and I\nsaid, \"Yes, I am, I'm Jewish.\" They said, \"No you're not, show us your dog tag.\"\nI'd even forgotten that, so I didn't even ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35795/file/105067#t=3270.0,3300.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35795/file/105067/transcript/22179/annotation/111","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"win the battle--the argument--they\nstill thought I was pulling some kind of joke. I was going to tell you a story\nabout when my wife and I bought our home on Wyngate [Drive] which was our third\nresidence. We started in an apartment on Adina Drive at Lindbergh [Drive].\nIncidentally, there we paid, it was a new building, and we were paying $60 a\nmonth ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35795/file/105067#t=3300.0,3330.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35795/file/105067/transcript/22179/annotation/112","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"rent. Two years ago, as president of the Buckhead Coalition, I broke\nground on a condominium building that's $500,000 per unit. A little different .\n. .\n\nBERMAN: Yes.\n\nMASSELL: . . . growth in Buckhead. Anyway, the third place we bought was a home\non Wyngate, the second one was on Springdale [Drive], right off of Lindbergh\n[Drive]. We stayed in the same area the whole fifty-eight years that we've been\nmarried. But ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35795/file/105067#t=3330.0,3360.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35795/file/105067/transcript/22179/annotation/113","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"on Wyngate, there was a new subdivision of fifty homes and the\nbroker, Dorsey Alston [Realtors] Company--and I don't remember which Dorsey it\nwas--called me in his office after we had signed the contract. [He] said, \"Sam,\nI want to show you a letter I got. I'm not asking you to do anything. If you\nwant to ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35795/file/105067#t=3360.0,3390.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35795/file/105067/transcript/22179/annotation/114","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"cancel your contract, you can, but I'm not asking you to do that. But, I\nthink you ought to be aware of this letter.\" [It] was from one of the other\npurchasers in the complex in the neighborhood, who was a big apartment developer\nowner, who had all of his insurance work with Dorsey Alston. And he told Dorsey\nthat if he sold this house to a Jew, or any house to a Jew, he would cancel all\nof his insurance. [He said] ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35795/file/105067#t=3390.0,3420.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35795/file/105067/transcript/22179/annotation/115","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that he had heard that I was buying this house, and\nI said, \"Well,\" . . . I did ask Doris if it was okay with her if we just, my\nwife, if we could just continue, and she said, \"Sure,\" so we did. The funny part\nof this story is that this guy, whose last name was Edwards, had a son the same\nage as my son, and the two boys got real close and [became] really good friends;\nspent ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35795/file/105067#t=3420.0,3450.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35795/file/105067/transcript/22179/annotation/116","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"the night with each other and all. And the father, he must have been dying\nbut of course, the sons never knew it. I've since told my son about it, after he\ngrew up.\n\nBERMAN: Did you ever confront him?\n\nMASSELL: No.\n\nBERMAN: No?\n\nMASSELL: No, it didn't bother me any. I mean, he knew that I knew, and I knew\nthat he knew I knew. And I just so thoroughly enjoyed their being good friends,\nthe two boys.\n\nBERMAN: What about growing up? Did you have any incidents of antisemitism that\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35795/file/105067#t=3450.0,3480.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35795/file/105067/transcript/22179/annotation/117","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"impacted upon you?\n\nMASSELL: Well, yes, along the way. My first political position was on the city\ncouncil at Mountain Park, Georgia which is a little incorporated city; like\nAtlanta, about twenty miles north, just outside of Roswell, Georgia.\n\nBERMAN: What's it called, I'm sorry.\n\nMASSELL: Mountain Park.\n\nBERMAN: Mountain Park.\n\nMASSELL: It's a little resort town with a couple of lakes, ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35795/file/105067#t=3480.0,3510.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35795/file/105067/transcript/22179/annotation/118","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"a swimming pool, a\nlittle city hall and cabins, and I owned a cabin there when I was single, bought\none. And the political bosses asked me one day--the election was coming\nup--asked would I like to run for the city council because I'd sort of gotten\nactive around the little community. And I said, \"Yes, that'd be fine.\" And so, I\nwent to the clerk's house--Inez Loage ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35795/file/105067#t=3510.0,3540.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35795/file/105067/transcript/22179/annotation/119","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"(sp)--I remember her name. She lived there\nfulltime, although she worked in Atlanta where she was a city clerk. I copied\ndown the list of registered voters, there weren't but 250 I think that were\nproperty owners there. Incidentally, the difference was, this was the only city\nin the United States--as far as we know--where you could vote and hold office\nand not have your legal residence there. I lived in Atlanta, but it was all\nproperty owners [that] could vote and hold office, which today would be\nunconstitutional. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35795/file/105067#t=3540.0,3570.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35795/file/105067/transcript/22179/annotation/120","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"But, I went to her home with my girlfriend, Doris\nMiddlebrooks--who later became my wife--to copy down the list of registered\nvoters, so I could write them letters. I was going to take it seriously. And\nInez said, \"Sam, you don't have a chance,\" and I said, \"Why?\" and she said,\n\"They found out you're Jewish.\" And I said, \"What do you mean, found out? First\nof all, it's not a secret, I just live down the street in Atlanta.\" And I said,\n\"And who is they?\" ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35795/file/105067#t=3570.0,3600.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35795/file/105067/transcript/22179/annotation/121","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Well, it turned out the same three guys that asked me to run,\nCharlie Johnson and--wait a minute, I can't remember the other two guys' names\nright now--but, I went to them and asked them. They said, \"Oh yes, we don't want\na Jew on the council.\" Pretty bold, wasn't it? I went ahead and ran, actually I\nlost the election, but I had a victory. There's a way they ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35795/file/105067#t=3600.0,3630.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35795/file/105067/transcript/22179/annotation/122","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"ran it, all the names\nwere put in the pot, and the top five were elected. There were eight of us\nrunning for the council, I came in sixth. I was very young, I'd only had my\ncabin for a few months, and so, I felt I did pretty well. It happened that one\nof the other five that did get elected, shortly afterwards sold his home and\nmoved to Florida, and the other four elected me to fill the vacancy. So, I\nserved on the council ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35795/file/105067#t=3630.0,3660.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35795/file/105067/transcript/22179/annotation/123","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"almost a full two years. And my cabin did mysteriously\nburn to the ground.\n\nBERMAN: Did it really?\n\nMASSELL: Really. But that's the most I can tell you about that, and the most I\nknow about it. But anyway, it was grassroots politics. It was a place where, in\nfact I remember we decided--the city council--we were going to build a little\nhouse of meditation, non­ denominational, ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35795/file/105067#t=3660.0,3690.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35795/file/105067/transcript/22179/annotation/124","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"of course. We had the plan, we had\nplenty of timber. My uncle, Ben Massell was tearing down an old Rayburg and\nFlynn (sp) Funeral Home downtown and would give us the pews and the\nstained-glass windows. It wasn't going to cost very much. The people got up in\narms, they said, \"We don't want no damn church in our town,\" and they backed us\ndown. So, we didn't build it. This is not related to the ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35795/file/105067#t=3690.0,3720.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35795/file/105067/transcript/22179/annotation/125","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Jewish part, but when I\nran for re-election, the group of us put out a . . . the opposition put out a\nflyer that said, \"Clean up this Mess,\" and the \"M\" was for Massell, \"E\" for\nElrod, \"S\" for Stevens, and \"S\" for Scoggins; the four of us plus the Mayor, I\nforgot his name, but they beat us all. And in fact, on the bridge on the dam\nbetween the two lakes, we didn't have enough money for brass plaques, so we ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35795/file/105067#t=3720.0,3750.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35795/file/105067/transcript/22179/annotation/126","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"had\nour names in the cement. But the new council cemented over it.\n\nBERMAN: That's great.\n\nMASSELL: Grassroots politics. So, you asked me about antisemitism experience\nalong the way. You know, when I ran for Mayor, I did have a cross burned in my yard.\n\nBERMAN: Well, let's get to that. Besides doing the signs when you were in Druid\nHills, was this your first elected office, this little . . .\n\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35795/file/105067#t=3750.0,3780.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35795/file/105067/transcript/22179/annotation/127","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"MASSELL: Well, the city council at Mountain Park was the first, the second one\nwas an interesting position I'd like to share with you, on the city executive\ncommittee. Back at that time in the 1950s, the city elections in Atlanta were\npartisan. You had to be nominated in a primary ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35795/file/105067#t=3780.0,3810.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35795/file/105067/transcript/22179/annotation/128","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"to be in the general election.\nThere weren't enough Republicans \"out of the closet\" to afford a primary, to\nrent the machines and hire the poll workers and so forth. So, actually being\nnominated in the Democratic primary was tantamount to election. But, they had a\nfull primary, and the primary was run by the executive committee, which was\nelected--two from each ward, they called them wards rather than districts\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35795/file/105067#t=3810.0,3840.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35795/file/105067/transcript/22179/annotation/129","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"then--eight wards, sixteen members. They set the qualifying fee and when the\nelection would be held and what the oaths would be and so forth, and all rules\nand regulations, we would promote for the candidates. Actually, it was called\nthe \"White Democratic Executive Committee,\" because only Whites could run in the\nelection and serve, and vote--only Whites could vote.\n\nBERMAN: What year was this?\n\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35795/file/105067#t=3840.0,3870.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35795/file/105067/transcript/22179/annotation/130","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"MASSELL: I'd have to look it up, but it would be in the 1950s.\n\nBERMAN: Early 1950s?\n\nMASSELL: Early 1950s, yes. Two Blacks,A. T. Walden, who was a prominent\nattorney, and Miles Amos, who was a successful druggist, at election time, went\nto the executive committee and said they'd like to qualify from their ward on\nthe executive committee. The executive committee turned them down, they went to\ncourt, and they got it ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35795/file/105067#t=3870.0,3900.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35795/file/105067/transcript/22179/annotation/131","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"ruled that they could. Out of the sixteen members of the\nexecutive committee, fifteen resigned, leaving one wonderful woman, Margaret\nMacDougall, who I didn't know at the time. But, I heard about this and contacted\nher and told her that I was interested in running, and that I would help her get\nthe other people and so forth. So, we did and of course, A.T. and Miles both ran\nfrom their district, and we got elected. So, you were elected from your ward,\nnot from citywide, but ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35795/file/105067#t=3900.0,3930.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35795/file/105067/transcript/22179/annotation/132","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"still you had to put on a campaign. So, that was my\nsecond elected position, so to speak. We dropped the word, \"white\" of course,\nand then four years later we actually went to the state legislature and got it\nchanged; the city elections to non-partisan, with the help of Mayor Hartsfield,\nbecause we felt that it didn't serve any purpose whether you were Republican or\nDemocrat as to how you fill potholes, or ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35795/file/105067#t=3930.0,3960.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35795/file/105067/transcript/22179/annotation/133","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"police, or things like that, and so we\ndid. I created a monster by that because some good Republicans got elected--they\nwere good people--and one of them ran against me for mayor later. But I won, so\nthat's okay. But, we dropped the word \"white\" the first four years and then four\nyears later we dropped the full \"Democratic\" and just became the city executive\ncommittee, then it was eliminated entirely so . . . But, an interesting thing\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35795/file/105067#t=3960.0,3990.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35795/file/105067/transcript/22179/annotation/134","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"happened on that executive committee, and this is sort of how I stepped into the\nreal political world, with the \"big boys.\" The election coming up--which\nincluded the mayor's race as well as city council--had several people running\nfor mayor. One of them [was] Ivan Allen--who subsequently got elected, of\ncourse. And one was named ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35795/file/105067#t=3990.0,4020.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35795/file/105067/transcript/22179/annotation/135","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Muggsy Smith, who was a state legislator back in the\ndays when Fulton County only had three representatives in the house [House of\nRepresentatives] and one in the Senate. He was a good person, Muggsy was, and\nrepresented the city well and was progressive and what you'd call liberal in\nthose days. So, I was trying to get Muggsy to run for president of the city\ncouncil, and then later run for mayor. Because otherwise, one of them was going\nto lose--Muggsy or ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35795/file/105067#t=4020.0,4050.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35795/file/105067/transcript/22179/annotation/136","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Ivan. So, every time somebody would come in to qualify, these\npoliticians or leaders or whatever, I would say, \"Can't we get Muggsy to run for\npresident of city council?\" Well, when one of them--Everett Millican, who had\nbeen a state senator, came in to qualify for the city council--it was then\ncalled the Board of Aldermen, incidentally--I made this suggestion to him, and\nhe said, \"Yes, we need to get somebody to beat that Lee Evans.\" Lee Evans ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35795/file/105067#t=4050.0,4080.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35795/file/105067/transcript/22179/annotation/137","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"was\nthe incumbent president of the city council who had voted against a public\nhousing project for racial reasons. Everett [Millican] wanted to have Muggsy run\nfor that, or someone to beat him, but for a different reason entirely. I was\nlooking for him trying to protect Muggsy, and he was looking to try and get rid\nof Lee Evans. Anyway, I listened to him, and I went home, and I asked my wife\nwhat ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35795/file/105067#t=4080.0,4110.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35795/file/105067/transcript/22179/annotation/138","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"she would think about me running, and she said, \"Go.\" So, then I called\nA.T. Walden, that Black attorney with whom I'd become good friends, and asked\nabout him, if he would support me, and he said, \"Yes.\" Then I asked Helen\nBullard, who was the political guru of that era, who had handled my campaign,\nshe handled Bill Hartsfield, she handled all the good people's campaigns, Sidney\nMarcus' later.\n\nBERMAN: What was her last name, I'm sorry?\n\nMASSELL: Bullard, ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35795/file/105067#t=4110.0,4140.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35795/file/105067/transcript/22179/annotation/139","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Helen Bullard, and she said, \"Yes\". So, with those three\npeople behind me, a groundswell, I went the next day and qualified myself for\npresident of the city council. I shocked and surprised a lot of people, and I\nshocked them even more when I won. My father, who loved politics . . . in fact,\nas an attorney professionally he had a little newspaper as a hobby called the\nAtlanta Democrat, ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35795/file/105067#t=4140.0,4170.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35795/file/105067/transcript/22179/annotation/140","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"a monthly newspaper.\n\nBERMAN: I read about that when I was doing some research for this interview. I\nwould love to get some copies of that if you have any.\n\nMASSELL: Maybe I ought to give you the whole . . . I've got them, one of each\n[month], in a binder and it's falling apart too.\n\nBERMAN: Oh, we would love to have them.\n\nMASSELL: Anyway, he had me working on the paper and stuff. He'd take me to\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35795/file/105067#t=4170.0,4200.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35795/file/105067/transcript/22179/annotation/141","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"rallies, my father would. But the point I wanted to make was, I remember my\nfather telling me, he said, \"You know, a Jew can't get elected citywide in\nAtlanta,\" and I asked him, I said, \"Well, how do you know, one's never run.\" So\nI did, and I served in that position for eight years; I was reelected.\n\nBERMAN: You were so progressive in your thinking, I mean when you ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35795/file/105067#t=4200.0,4230.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35795/file/105067/transcript/22179/annotation/142","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"talk about\nwanting Muggsy to come in for more integration. Growing up in Atlanta, how did\nyou develop that progressive attitude? How do you think you became more\nprogressive than your peers, some of your peers?\n\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35795/file/105067#t=4230.0,4260.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35795/file/105067/transcript/22179/annotation/143","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"MASSELL: Well, that's a good question, in that I never thought of how or why. I\nattribute my thinking process to being Jewish, but they were Jewish too and\ndidn't turn out so liberal. I think it was key people along the way that\nsomewhere . . . I mean, I mentioned this Helen Bullard, she ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35795/file/105067#t=4260.0,4290.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35795/file/105067/transcript/22179/annotation/144","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"was--next to me--the\nmost liberal white person you'd ever know. Oh, I remember a wonderful story\nonce. I know I'm jumping around with you . . .\n\nBERMAN: No, it's fine.\n\nMASSELL: . . . in the city elections, you had to get the Black support to win,\nand they\n\nhad a ticket. And to decide who they'd put on the ticket, they'd have what they\ncalled screening committees. And the Black Power leadership would be ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35795/file/105067#t=4290.0,4320.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35795/file/105067/transcript/22179/annotation/145","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"in a room,\ncircled around the room, and they'd invite you in as a candidate sitting in the\nmiddle, it's like old fraternity \"hot boxing days.\" Anyway, they'd fire\nquestions at you. So I called Helen, and I said, \"I'm getting ready to go to my\nfirst screening, how about preparing me.\" She was my campaign manager and she\nsaid, \"Well, what do you mean, prepare you?\" and I said, \"Well, they're going to\nask me tough questions,\" and ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35795/file/105067#t=4320.0,4350.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35795/file/105067/transcript/22179/annotation/146","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"she said, \"like what?\" Now, you have to put\nyourself in the frame of mind, this was back in the 1960s - early 1960s, and I\nsaid, \"Well, suppose they said, 'What do you think about mixing White blood and\nBlack blood in the hospital?\" And she paused for a minute, and she said, \"Well\nSam, what do you think?\" And, you know, it doesn't take but somebody to hit you\nlike that once with a sledge hammer, and ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35795/file/105067#t=4350.0,4380.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35795/file/105067/transcript/22179/annotation/147","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"you realize that's the answer to\neverything, \"What do you think?\" So, it's people like Helen Bullard, like\nMargaret McDougall that I mentioned earlier, like Buddy Mantler in a different\nway, like Dr. Weinstein.\n\nBERMAN: What about Rabbi Rothschild, was he an inspiration to you?\n\nMASSELL: Big time, big time, yes. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35795/file/105067#t=4380.0,4410.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35795/file/105067/transcript/22179/annotation/148","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I felt that--I don't mean to take from him any\ncredit but--I mean, I don't think that he taught me to be that way, because we\nwere on the same page. But, I was just so proud of him that he was my Rabbi\nstanding up for these reforms along the way.\n\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35795/file/105067#t=4410.0,4440.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35795/file/105067/transcript/22179/annotation/149","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"BERMAN: Was it difficult to have that position among your peers? Were some of\nyour friends even not happy with your positions?\n\nMASSELL: Somewhat, but I didn't suffer from it to the degree ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35795/file/105067#t=4440.0,4470.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35795/file/105067/transcript/22179/annotation/150","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that . . . Like\nIvan Allen, who was Mayor, was not anywhere near being liberal, but he knew the\nimportance of the reforms that were taking place and how he had to lead. He was\njust terribly ostracized when he went to the [Piedmont] Driving Club and tried\nto go to the bar, and they'd walk away from him. I mean, it was unbelievable the\nway his peers felt about ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35795/file/105067#t=4470.0,4500.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35795/file/105067/transcript/22179/annotation/151","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"his acts. So, I'm measuring my own experience that was\nnot anything like that. I had some occasions where there was disappointment. I'm\nsure there was some I don't know about but, being confronted with it . . . For\nthe most part, I think Jewish people were overcome by the fact, they were so\nproud ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35795/file/105067#t=4500.0,4530.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35795/file/105067/transcript/22179/annotation/152","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"of having a Jewish [elected official]. I was amused, today in the Atlanta\nJournal Constitution, they actually have a headline on one of the election pages\nthat, \"The First Jew is Elected Statewide\" with Sam Olens, who's been elected\nfor Attorney General. Sam, incidentally, and I were on a panel together in some\nprogram last year and he said, \"You know, it's funny, I don't know how I got\nelected\". He said in Cobb County, ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35795/file/105067#t=4530.0,4560.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35795/file/105067/transcript/22179/annotation/153","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"he's Jewish and has a conservative community\nand so the gentiles didn't vote for him, and being a Republican, the Jews didn't\nvote for him. So, he said he didn't know how he got elected. This was back [when\nhe ran] for county commission chairman. Sam will do a good job, I think.\n\nBERMAN: So, for eight years you were ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35795/file/105067#t=4560.0,4590.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35795/file/105067/transcript/22179/annotation/154","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"president of city council, and that was\nthrough the 1950s?\n\nMASSELL: No, that was the 1960s, no that was . . .\n\nBERMAN: So, what year did it start?\n\nMASSELL: I'm going to have to give you that from a . . .\n\nBERMAN: But, until the early 1960s or late 1950s?\n\nMASSELL: I was elected to the city council, it was 1962 or just about, because I\nran for Mayor in ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35795/file/105067#t=4590.0,4620.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35795/file/105067/transcript/22179/annotation/155","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"1969, yes, and became Mayor for four years.\n\nBERMAN: So, starting really in the early 1960s that next five years was an\ninteresting history for the Civil Rights era, for Atlanta, and I know you were\nactively involved with city government. What was it like here ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35795/file/105067#t=4620.0,4650.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35795/file/105067/transcript/22179/annotation/156","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"in Atlanta with\nthe student sit­ins and the demonstrations and Leb's Restaurant--I know you\nhave a great story about Leb's Restaurant--and the involvement of the Jewish\ncommunity or the organized Jewish community? What kind of involvement was there?\nI guess I've asked too many questions at once so I'll go back and say, just\ndescribe what it was like in the early 1960s and being in government then.\n\nBERMAN: The late 1950s, early 1960s, you're involved in government and what was\nit like\n\nhere with ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35795/file/105067#t=4650.0,4680.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35795/file/105067/transcript/22179/annotation/157","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"the change and the reforms during the Civil Rights Era.\n\nMASSELL: Well, it was fast moving, it was frightening at times.\n\nBERMAN: Why frightening? Can you relate some incidents?\n\nMASSELL: You didn't know how far it was going to go. You were walking a\ntightrope. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35795/file/105067#t=4680.0,4710.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35795/file/105067/transcript/22179/annotation/158","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"This is not a frightening story, but I'm just recalling my\nfather--who was a lawyer--unrelated to the Civil Rights Movement at all, but\ntelling me as a child what a horrible thing it would be, or what a horrible\nthing it was when somebody was sent to prison. He would handle some criminal\ncases, so he had experiences with some. In fact, he took me once to the federal\nprison just to see ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35795/file/105067#t=4710.0,4740.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35795/file/105067/transcript/22179/annotation/159","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"the operations as a visitor, or whatever. And that came to me\nvisibly during the Civil Rights Movement, when these college kids were willing\nto go to jail. I mean, because I had been told, understood, how terrible jail\nwas and here [are] people ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35795/file/105067#t=4740.0,4770.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35795/file/105067/transcript/22179/annotation/160","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"who are doing something they know will send them to\njail, because it was against the law then. But they felt that strongly about it,\nand wow what an impression that made on me. Would I be that strong if I were\nBlack, if I were in that position? Anyway, I got very friendly with the students\nand the student movement because I believed in their philosophy.\n\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35795/file/105067#t=4770.0,4800.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35795/file/105067/transcript/22179/annotation/161","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"BERMAN: Who were some of the leaders here in Atlanta?\n\nMASSELL: Well, Lonnie King . . .\n\nBERMAN: Was Hosea Williams?\n\nMASSELL: . . . Jesse Hill. Yes, Hosea was not really in the student movement, he\nwas older. I marched with Hosea, incidentally, up to Forsyth [County] ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35795/file/105067#t=4800.0,4830.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35795/file/105067/transcript/22179/annotation/162","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"when he\nhad that problem up there. I came close to starting a new dress code. I came\nhome dirty and tired and I was undressing and one of the TV stations called me\nand asked would I come out and do a live interview about it. So, okay, I jumped\nin the car, went back out. I had unbuttoned my shirt to take my tie out or\nsomething, and I hadn't buttoned it back. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35795/file/105067#t=4830.0,4860.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35795/file/105067/transcript/22179/annotation/163","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"They didn't tell me that it was\nunbuttoned, so here I'm sitting with the button-down shirt with the collar going\nout in all directions on live TV. Anyway, that's one of life's embarrassing\nmoments. You know I was in a position of having the responsibility, of having\nthe power, to protect people and that's ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35795/file/105067#t=4860.0,4890.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35795/file/105067/transcript/22179/annotation/164","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"awesome. I mean, you're talking about\nthousands of people. I remember one time when I was Mayor--I know I'm rambling\nwith you a little bit, but I was just thinking out [loud], maybe we'll get\nthere--going out the same time, the same day, going to check a group of NAACP\n[members] marching ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35795/file/105067#t=4890.0,4920.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35795/file/105067/transcript/22179/annotation/165","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"in front of the Dinkler [Plaza] Hotel that had . . . excuse\nme, it's just the opposite, it was the white supremacists that were marching in\nfront of the Dinkler Hotel, who had allowed a prominent Black visitor to spend\nthe night there. I forget now who it was, he was . . . (brief discussion with\nRuth Einstein and Sandy) No, this was a political person, I just can't remember\nhis name right now. But, ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35795/file/105067#t=4920.0,4950.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35795/file/105067/transcript/22179/annotation/166","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"at the same time, we went by Sears Roebuck where Hosea\nWilliams and a group were picketing on some union issue, at the same time we\nwent by a movie theater on Peachtree [Road] where they were showing the, what\n\"Face of a Nation\" . . .\n\nBERMAN: Birth of a Nation.\n\nMASSELL: Birth of a Nation, where the Jewish War Veterans were marching. At the\nsame time, we went by something downtown in the old Civic Center at ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35795/file/105067#t=4950.0,4980.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35795/file/105067/transcript/22179/annotation/167","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Hurt Park,\nand I don't remember what that group was. But, four entirely different groups\nmarching, and you're in charge [of making sure] that nobody gets hurt, that\nnobody hurts anybody else, whatever. And protecting the rights of even those\nwith whom you disagree is equally important. You haven't asked me about it, but\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35795/file/105067#t=4980.0,5010.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35795/file/105067/transcript/22179/annotation/168","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I'm going to share with you some stories during that period, where I had the\nproblem of what was called the \"Hippie Movement\", the Flower Children, where our\nMidtown area called \"Tight Squeeze\" --particularly around Peachtree [Road] and\nTenth [Street]--was inundated with hippies; girls without bras and guys with\nlong ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35795/file/105067#t=5010.0,5040.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35795/file/105067/transcript/22179/annotation/169","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"hair, people who were different. South Georgians bumper-to-bumper on\nPeachtree [Street] rubbernecking to see what a hippie looked like . . . the\nstores being scared because their customers wouldn't come and go through this\ngroup. We ran ads, tried to, ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35795/file/105067#t=5040.0,5070.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35795/file/105067/transcript/22179/annotation/170","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"in the underground alternate newspapers around the\ncountry because we were becoming the biggest Flower Children assembly in the\nUnited States; even more so than San Francisco [California] or New York [New\nYork] at that time. We put these ads [that said] \"Hey, we'll protect you, you're\nentitled to come here, but you have to have your own pad [home] ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35795/file/105067#t=5070.0,5100.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35795/file/105067/transcript/22179/annotation/171","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and bread\n[money]. We can't house you and we can't feed you, and you've got to obey the\nlaws.\" And we did protect them. About this same time, the leather-jacketed motor\ncycle gangs with chains came in to beat up the hippies. And again though, ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35795/file/105067#t=5100.0,5130.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35795/file/105067/transcript/22179/annotation/172","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"being\nconsistent, I said, \"You're entitled to be here, but if you don't have a\nmuffler, you're going to get a ticket. If you put your motorcycle on the\nsidewalk, it's going to be impounded,\" and so forth and so on. \"You've got to\nobey the laws.\" What I didn't realize was that the International Shriners\nConvention was going to be in Atlanta at that time, and they have a history of\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35795/file/105067#t=5130.0,5160.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35795/file/105067/transcript/22179/annotation/173","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"driving their little motorcycles--not just on the sidewalks but into the lobbies\nof hotels and everywhere--I mean, that's what they do all over the world.\nThey've been doing that forever, and they expected to do it in Atlanta. I was on\nthe phone back and forth with Judge Little who was the potentate [Imperial\nPotentate], or something, of the Shriners locally and would convince him, and he\nunderstood, you know, I've just got to be consistent. I've told these other\nbikers we're going to arrest them, we're going to arrest these bikers if they\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35795/file/105067#t=5160.0,5190.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35795/file/105067/transcript/22179/annotation/174","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"violate the law. And he said, \"But I can't explain, they don't believe it, they\ndon't understand it.\" And then, it was at Peachtree and Baker Streets, I told\nthe police they had to arrest them, and they wouldn't arrest them because they\nwere Shriners. They just put in a \"blue sick day\" [\"The Blue Flu\"] or whatever\nyou call it. So, I went down and arrested them myself. I remember, years later\nwhen I had a travel business, I tried to sell some ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35795/file/105067#t=5190.0,5220.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35795/file/105067/transcript/22179/annotation/175","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"travel to a jeweler down the\nstreet on Peachtree [Street], and he said he would never buy from me. He was a\nShriner, and he'd never forget how I treated the Shriners, but . . .\n\nBERMAN: That's a great story.\n\nMASSELL: It's pitiful, you know.\n\nBERMAN: How many Shriners did you arrest?\n\nMASSELL: Oh, just a handful, until they got the message that they just weren't\ngoing to be allowed to do that. Probably when I left the scene, they put the\nmotorcycles back on the sidewalk, I don't know.\n\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35795/file/105067#t=5220.0,5250.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35795/file/105067/transcript/22179/annotation/176","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"BERMAN: But moving back to the era, if you could address what you remember about\nthe integration of, let's say, Rich's Magnolia [Tea] Room and also what happened\nwith Leb's Restaurant here in town. I know you have some specific memories about that.\n\nMASSELL: Yes, the ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35795/file/105067#t=5250.0,5280.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35795/file/105067/transcript/22179/annotation/177","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"sit-in movements were well organized. They knew exactly what\nthey were doing, they were smart, they had good leadership. Although some of the\nelders disagreed with them, not wanting them to demonstrate, just like a lot of\nJewish people were opposed to the Jewish War Veterans, when they would\ndemonstrate for different issues, rightly or wrongly. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35795/file/105067#t=5280.0,5310.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35795/file/105067/transcript/22179/annotation/178","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"The sit-ins were done in\nan orderly way, I mean, they knew they had to keep a couple out so they could go\nget them, get the others out when they went in. I'm talking about jail. They\nknew how to behave, they went through ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35795/file/105067#t=5310.0,5340.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35795/file/105067/transcript/22179/annotation/179","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"lessons of how to treat the policeman when\nhe arrested you, how to go peacefully. It was very smart, very well organized\nand properly done. You always had some rabble rousers though who weren't part of\nit, who were there to stir up trouble for their own notoriety or for some\nillegal reasons of ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35795/file/105067#t=5340.0,5370.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35795/file/105067/transcript/22179/annotation/180","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"trying to attract attention away from something else. There\nwere criminal acts that took place, but they weren't any of the college students\nthat were organized for the purpose of changing laws. But you mentioned the\nLeb's incident. Actually, at that time I was president of city council--it was\nbefore I was Mayor--and ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35795/file/105067#t=5370.0,5400.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35795/file/105067/transcript/22179/annotation/181","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"back then the charter provided for the council president\nto also be vice-mayor and acting-mayor when the Mayor was out of the city. And\non this occasion, Ivan [Allen] was out of town, and Harry Belafonte was in\nAtlanta to do a concert and was staying at the Atlanta Cabana [Motel] on\nPeachtree and 7th Streets, which was a very ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35795/file/105067#t=5400.0,5430.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35795/file/105067/transcript/22179/annotation/182","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"fine motel owned by Stanley Mallin\nand Jay Sarno primarily. There were other principals to whom I had sold the land\nfrom my real estate days. Belafonte wanted to eat in the restaurant in the\nhotel, named the Kings Inn, and his staff called City Hall. This was before the\nEqual Accommodations Laws ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35795/file/105067#t=5430.0,5460.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35795/file/105067/transcript/22179/annotation/183","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"had passed, and [they] asked could he eat there. Ivan\nwas out of town, so I got the call and I said, \"Well, it was definitely okay\nwith us, with City Hall, but we would have to\ncheck with the owners of the hotel.\" So, I called Stanley and he immediately\nsaid, \"Sure, absolutely. We let him stay in the hotel before it was legal, and\nwe'd let him eat in the restaurant too.\"\n\nBERMAN: What were their last names again, ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35795/file/105067#t=5460.0,5490.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35795/file/105067/transcript/22179/annotation/184","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"the owners of the hotel?\n\nMASSELL: Stanley Mallin, who is still living--M A L L I N--he lives in Las\nVegas, [Nevada] and Jay Sarno--S A R N O--who is deceased. They did two or three\nbuildings in Atlanta, multi-family buildings, and then this hotel. Then they\nwent and did a Cabana in Palo Alto, [California], and then ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35795/file/105067#t=5490.0,5520.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35795/file/105067/transcript/22179/annotation/185","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"they went to Las\nVegas, [Nevada] and did Caesar's Palace and became multi, multi-millionaires.\nThey did another hotel out there that didn't do that well, but Caesar's Palace\nwas what put them on the map. They said, fine, it was okay with them but Charlie\nLeb actually had the lease on the restaurant space, and I needed to ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35795/file/105067#t=5520.0,5550.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35795/file/105067/transcript/22179/annotation/186","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"check with\nhim. So, I called Charlie--we were friends--I was a regular in his downtown\nrestaurant, had been for many years. [I was] even a customer of his Jacksonville\n[Florida] restaurant, because I built an office building in Jacksonville and\nused to eat there too. Anyway, Charlie said, \"No,\" ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35795/file/105067#t=5550.0,5580.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35795/file/105067/transcript/22179/annotation/187","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and I persuaded him. I said,\n\"Don't worry about it.\" He was scared. I think he was also prejudiced and didn't\nwant Blacks eating there, but the main reason was he was scared what would\nhappen with demonstrators or troublemakers or whatever. I assured him that\nnobody would even know they were going to be there--because they weren't trying\nto demonstrate--and that I would have plain clothesmen there. I'd have other\npolice, whatever he wanted, ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35795/file/105067#t=5580.0,5610.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35795/file/105067/transcript/22179/annotation/188","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I'd guarantee him safety, there would be no problem.\nAnd I'd convince him, and he'd hang up and two minutes later, he'd call me back\nand say \"No\" again. And we did this three or four times, I mean seriously, ten\nminutes, twenty minutes at a time where I would just lean on him because I knew\nit could be an issue. Not only was it right to let the guy have dinner, but\nanything could occur from that, and it did. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35795/file/105067#t=5610.0,5640.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35795/file/105067/transcript/22179/annotation/189","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"The final answer was he said \"No\"\nand we had to tell Belafonte he could not eat there. When the college students\nlearned of that the next day, that's why they demonstrated and rioted in his\nplace downtown at Leb's. It was sad because they mistreated him also and in a\nterrible, terrible degree. I mean it was very bad and ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35795/file/105067#t=5640.0,5670.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35795/file/105067/transcript/22179/annotation/190","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"a lot of arrests had to be\nmade and everything. It was just a bad scene all the way around. Incidentally,\nas a by-product, Leb told me--because he felt I was responsible for that--that I\ncould never eat in his restaurant again. And you be sure, I didn't. I mean, once\na restaurant man tells you, \"Don't eat my food,\" you don't sample it even. But\nthat's the story behind the story.\n\nBERMAN: It's amazing. And what about Dick Rich and the integration ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35795/file/105067#t=5670.0,5700.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35795/file/105067/transcript/22179/annotation/191","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"of the\nMagnolia Room? Were you friendly with him?\n\nMASSELL: Yes. I don't know if Dick was very happy with me because I was telling\nhim also that he needed to open up and make everything available to the Black\ncommunity. They were going to demonstrate if he didn't, and they did, when he didn't.\n\nBERMAN: What were his reasons, what did he tell you?\n\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35795/file/105067#t=5700.0,5730.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35795/file/105067/transcript/22179/annotation/192","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"MASSELL: Well, some of the same reasons. And, you have to remember, I hate to\nsay that people like Dick Rich were prejudiced, but by today's standards, they\ncertainly were. By yesterday's, they weren't. I mean, I know White names [of\npeople] that my father knew people that belonged to the Klu Klux Klan ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35795/file/105067#t=5730.0,5760.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35795/file/105067/transcript/22179/annotation/193","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that he\nknew from the law practice. Or, he played poker with one at the Elk's Club. I\nmean, our former Chief of Police was a member of the Klu Klux Klan.\n\nBERMAN: Who was that?\n\nMASSELL: Herbert Jenkins.\n\nBERMAN: Herbert Jenkins was a member of the Klan?\n\nMASSELL: Well, that's the story, and I'm sticking to it. He was a great Chief,\nhe was a good Chief, very ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35795/file/105067#t=5760.0,5790.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35795/file/105067/transcript/22179/annotation/194","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"professional and well ahead of his time in moving\nforward. I mean, it's hard for people to understand it unless you were living it\nI guess, that it was a different time and a different attitude. Anyway, Dick\nRich didn't want any Blacks in his place, period, in his restaurant. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35795/file/105067#t=5790.0,5820.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35795/file/105067/transcript/22179/annotation/195","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"But he knew\ntoo that he needed to put up a good front as a good citizen, corporate citizen,\nin the community. He needed to protect his business. He wanted Blacks to also\nshop at Rich's, he had to reason it through. Some of it was fear, what'll\nhappen, ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35795/file/105067#t=5820.0,5850.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35795/file/105067/transcript/22179/annotation/196","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"buildings were burned down sometimes. There were all kinds of things\nthat happened--more so in other towns than Atlanta--but it was sad when a\nbusiness owner would say, \"I've been in business here for twenty years and now\nmy customers can't get to me, or won't come to me,\" or whatever. And they'd done\nnothing ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35795/file/105067#t=5850.0,5880.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35795/file/105067/transcript/22179/annotation/197","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"wrong, and they blame it on you, use the \"N\" word, I mean, that's what\nthey felt was the root of all evil. But, times change.\n\nBERMAN: So you were president of city council for about eight years, and then\nyou decide to run for Mayor? ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35795/file/105067#t=5880.0,5910.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35795/file/105067/transcript/22179/annotation/198","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"What was the decision-making process?\n\nMASSELL: Well, Ivan was not running for re-election, and it was an opportunity.\nIt's funny, I remember, in one of the contests--not that one--I was in a Rally\nat Druid Hills Country Club. I don't know why we had it there because it was\noutside the city limits even. But I was in the mens' room at the Druid Hills\nCountry Club, ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35795/file/105067#t=5910.0,5940.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35795/file/105067/transcript/22179/annotation/199","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and one of my opponents--a guy named Smith, who was running for\npresident of city council, it was back when I was running for re-election of\nthat, I guess--asked me, he said, \"Sam, are you an opportunist?\" He meant it\npretty sarcastically. It didn't take me but about a half a minute to realize\nthat I had never been asked before, but absolutely, I was an opportunist. And\nmaybe that's the reason I have succeeded along the way, is opportunities came,\nand I grabbed them. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35795/file/105067#t=5940.0,5970.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35795/file/105067/transcript/22179/annotation/200","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And each time these other events that I've mentioned\npolitically, for instance, [came along] they were opportunities. Business-wise\nthere have been opportunities, and that's why I ran for Mayor, the opportunity\nwas there. It was an opening, I had served--and served well--as president of the\ncity council and vice­mayor. It didn't hurt that I had had the city council,\nthe state legislature, add that title of vice­mayor. It made it ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35795/file/105067#t=5970.0,6000.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35795/file/105067/transcript/22179/annotation/201","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"look like I\nshould be Mayor, you know . . . and that's part of politics.\n\nBERMAN: Who did you run against?\n\nMASSELL: Well, there were several, but the main one was Rodney Cook, who was a\nfriend. When I mentioned earlier, I had gotten the city election changed from\npartisan to non­partisan, there were three republicans that ran, ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35795/file/105067#t=6000.0,6030.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35795/file/105067/transcript/22179/annotation/202","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Rodney Cook\nand Richard Friedman --who was not Jewish, sounds Jewish, but it wasn't. I sort\nof felt sorry for him . . . he sounded Jewish, he was in a Jewish firm even, law\nfirm, but wasn't. So, he got the blame without any of the credits, without any\nof the benefits. Another one was Q.B. Williams, a Black ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35795/file/105067#t=6030.0,6060.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35795/file/105067/transcript/22179/annotation/203","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"real estate man; Rodney\nwas in the insurance business. All three, able people, and did a good job on\ncity council. I became very close with Rodney and Richard, and I'm still\nfriendly with Richard's wife, who lives at Lindbergh Hill in Buckhead. But he\nran for Mayor, shame on him, but he had that right, he was a lot more\nconservative. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35795/file/105067#t=6060.0,6090.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35795/file/105067/transcript/22179/annotation/204","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Now remember, although he was a Republican, he did not run as a\nRepublican. We ran just as candidates, because it was a non-partisan election.\nHe got the business community, he got the White community. In fact, it's\ninteresting, that time when I ran for Mayor, I got 90% of the Black vote and 10%\nof the White vote. Four years later, ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35795/file/105067#t=6090.0,6120.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35795/file/105067/transcript/22179/annotation/205","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"when I ran for re-election, I got 90% of\nthe White vote and 10% of the Black vote. What had happened in the interval was\nthat the Black constituency, or registered voters, had become the majority. And\nalthough there are exceptions, for the most part people still vote along racial\nlines because they feel that they'll be better represented, and I understand\nthat. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35795/file/105067#t=6120.0,6150.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35795/file/105067/transcript/22179/annotation/206","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"We didn't know that the majority had\nshifted, although I think I still would have run because the White community\ndemanded it. I mean, they needed that internally, emotionally, or whatever. I\nhad that same discussion with Sidney Marcus--who was my friend, my roommate in\ncollege--when he ran for Mayor, that he could not get elected because of the\nnumbers, but it would build his stature dramatically; the White community would\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35795/file/105067#t=6150.0,6180.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35795/file/105067/transcript/22179/annotation/207","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"appreciate it and so forth. But, anyway, when I ran for Mayor the first time--a\nlot of people don't remember it and weren't quite aware of it--actually, I had a\nBlack opponent then too; Horace Tate, who had already been elected to the city\ncouncil, I mean to the Board of Education, excuse me. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35795/file/105067#t=6180.0,6210.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35795/file/105067/transcript/22179/annotation/208","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"He had a following, he was\nhead of the Teacher's Guild or something [Director of the National Education\nAssociation]. He was articulate, attractive, bright. But the Black leadership\nsaid, \"No Horace, we can't support you. We don't have enough to elect you. We'll\nsupport Sam, we can elect him.\" Interstate 75, incidentally, in Buckhead is\nnamed the Horace Tate Highway. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35795/file/105067#t=6210.0,6240.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35795/file/105067/transcript/22179/annotation/209","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"His daughter, Horacina Tate is a State Senator,\nand they're good people and friends of mine. But it's interesting that he was\njust ahead of his time. He could not get any vote at all, he didn't scratch,\nperiod. Four years later, though, there was a majority Black, and Maynard\nJackson could walk away with it. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35795/file/105067#t=6240.0,6270.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35795/file/105067/transcript/22179/annotation/210","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"The election, as far as I know, was honest and\nclean. It got racial, and I think you ought to put this on tape, because it was\nunintentional and an extremely interesting part of the political procedure. My\ncampaign committee came out with a slogan, \"Atlanta's Too Young to Die\". ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35795/file/105067#t=6270.0,6300.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35795/file/105067/transcript/22179/annotation/211","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I\nremember when they suggested it in the headquarters, there at Peachtree and\nBaker Street, and they said, \"This is hard hitting, do you want to go with it?\"\nHelen Bullard, who I mentioned earlier and is probably the most liberal Atlantan\nyou'll ever know of, was there and approved it. Ralph McGill Jr. wrote it, ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35795/file/105067#t=6300.0,6330.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35795/file/105067/transcript/22179/annotation/212","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"his\nfather [Ralph McGill] being--of course--a progressive editor of the Atlanta\nConstitution. Ralph was the, I don't know his exact title, but with the\nadvertising, marketing agency that was handling my campaign. Roz Thomas, my\npress secretary, no, she wasn't there . . . excuse me, yes she was, yes she ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35795/file/105067#t=6330.0,6360.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35795/file/105067/transcript/22179/annotation/213","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"was\nthere; who later became an Episcopal priest, I mean a very liberal White.\nAnyway, all the good people were there, and they said, \"Yes.\" Nobody in that\nroom thought it was racial, and I defy anybody today to stop a passerby on the\nstreet in Jacksonville, Florida and say, \"What would you think of a campaign\nthat said 'Jacksonville's Too Young to Die'?\" Nobody would say, \"Oh, that's\nracial.\" What it was saying was that, \"We can do a better job than he can, ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35795/file/105067#t=6360.0,6390.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35795/file/105067/transcript/22179/annotation/214","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"he's\ngoing to kill this city\". And it wasn't two years later [that] one of the\nAtlanta newspapers had a full-page ad of Atlanta dying--it said it--with empty\nstorefronts and trash and people sleeping in doorsteps and so forth. All he was\nsaying was that I could do it better than he could do it. The point is that we\nsurely didn't mean it to be racial. Boy, I wouldn't have touched anything that\nwas racial. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35795/file/105067#t=6390.0,6420.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35795/file/105067/transcript/22179/annotation/215","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And I don't think, well I'm not sure, I don't know if they were\nsmart enough to turn it into a racial thing or if they just lucked into it. But\nwhatever way, it really took hold. Even Atlanta newspapers said it was racial.\nMy White friends said it was racial. I mean, everywhere I turned, people were\nadmonishing me for it, and it was very disappointing. But that's not what beat\nme; they had the ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35795/file/105067#t=6420.0,6450.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35795/file/105067/transcript/22179/annotation/216","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"numbers and we didn't. When we had the run-off, we had a boiler\nroom at Peachtree, I mean West Peachtree [Street] at Pershing Point in a\nbuilding that later Ambassador Bill Schwartz owned. Anyway, we had all these\npeople lined up in the rooms on the telephones calling so we could get people to\nthe poles, going down the registered voter list, and every third one was saying,\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35795/file/105067#t=6450.0,6480.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35795/file/105067/transcript/22179/annotation/217","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\"Oh, he moved to Stone Mountain [Georgia] two years ago,\" \"Oh, she passed away,\"\n\"Oh, this . . .\" They had not been purged, and it was nobody's fault, but we\ndidn't know it, and so the numbers we had were not the true numbers. Like I\nsaid, I still would have run so, I'm not even getting upset about that, but\nthere wasn't any way we could win--in my opinion--so be it. But anyway, that was\nthe re-election.\n\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35795/file/105067#t=6480.0,6510.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35795/file/105067/transcript/22179/annotation/218","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"BERMAN: What would you consider your biggest success while you were Mayor?\n\nMASSELL: Besides getting elected. Well, I don't know, I guess the number one,\noverall biggest success would be building MARTA, because not only is it brick\nand mortar ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35795/file/105067#t=6510.0,6540.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35795/file/105067/transcript/22179/annotation/219","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and a physical improvement to the city, it was a humane thing. It\nprovided mobility which you could almost call \"man's fifth freedom\". I mean,\notherwise you're imprisoned in your neighborhood, if you can't get to shops, or\nchurch, or parks. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35795/file/105067#t=6540.0,6570.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35795/file/105067/transcript/22179/annotation/220","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"If you don't have mobility it's an entirely different life for\nyou. And this had failed under Ivan Allen with all his support from the business\ncommunity. I supported it as president of the city council, when he tried to do\nit with ad valorem taxes. And then, when they came to me and asked me to do it\nwhen I was Mayor, and I said, \"Well no, not the same way we did it, because it's\nalready failed; the public's already ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35795/file/105067#t=6570.0,6600.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35795/file/105067/transcript/22179/annotation/221","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"spoken. If I can come up with a way to do\nit, a way I think it'll pass, I'll do it,\" which I did come up with. That was\nthe benefit of my real estate training, the benefit of my legal education, the\nbenefit of other experiences I'd had that you call on when you need knowledge to\nput together a program that was different. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35795/file/105067#t=6600.0,6630.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35795/file/105067/transcript/22179/annotation/222","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I said, \"If we can get the State [of\nGeorgia] to give us a sales tax . . . and today that doesn't sound like much\nbecause everybody has a sales tax; school boards have them, authorities have\nthem, counties have them, cities have them, Boards of Education have them, you\nname it. I mean, everybody's got sales tax. Back then, there was one sales tax,\nthree percent, State of Georgia only, nobody else had a sales tax. To get the\nstate to allow us to put on a ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35795/file/105067#t=6630.0,6660.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35795/file/105067/transcript/22179/annotation/223","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"one percent sales tax--that's a thirty-three\npercent increase--it's unbelievable that we were able to do that. And it took a\ntremendous effort on our part, politicking, getting the state legislature to\npass that, which we did. Then we had to get the public to pass it in a\nreferendum, which is also no small task to get people to vote themselves a tax.\nIn this case, incidentally, ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35795/file/105067#t=6660.0,6690.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35795/file/105067/transcript/22179/annotation/224","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I was able with a chalk and a blackboard to sell\nthis program by going into the lower income areas--primarily Black, where people\nwere transit-dependent--showing them that under the present system . . . The\ncity had a bus system, it wasn't a city system, it belonged to Georgia Power\nCompany which was about to go out of business--they'd already announced they\nwere--which was sixty cents a ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35795/file/105067#t=6690.0,6720.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35795/file/105067/transcript/22179/annotation/225","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"ride plus a nickel transfer. And I showed them\nthat although the sales tax was regressive and would take a larger percentage of\ntheir income than it does the rich person, still after you take their average\ndomestic salary, weekly pay or whatever, and then you deduct the transportation\ncost, changing it from a dollar thirty a day or whatever to--we were going to\ndrop the fair to ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35795/file/105067#t=6720.0,6750.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35795/file/105067/transcript/22179/annotation/226","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"fifteen cents a ride--they could actually have money to put in\ntheir pocket. Because we were going to buy the old bus system and drop the fair\nimmediately, which we did. It was interesting because one guy, Henry Dodson, a\nBlack city councilman, rode around town in a little Volkswagen Bug with a PA\nsystem saying, \"It's a trick, it's a trick. If they can't do it ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35795/file/105067#t=6750.0,6780.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35795/file/105067/transcript/22179/annotation/227","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"for sixty cents,\nhow they going to do it for fifteen cents?\" Which, of course, you know, it\nsounds like a trick, I don't know who was paying him, but Henry had some\nmotivation to do that. There were other people against it. Everett Millican, the\nformer State Senator that I thought so well of, was opposed to it. But he was a\nvice-president of Gulf Oil Company, and Gulf Oil didn't like anything that was\non rail that didn't use gasoline; ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35795/file/105067#t=6780.0,6810.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35795/file/105067/transcript/22179/annotation/228","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"not that that [was] his reason, but for some\nreason he was very much against [and] there were a few others. But anyway, that\nwould be the biggest achievement because I had to structure something that was\nunique. I had to pass something that was overwhelming, and it resulted in\nsomething that's, like I said, both a physical improvement and an ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35795/file/105067#t=6810.0,6840.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35795/file/105067/transcript/22179/annotation/229","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"emotional,\nlife-style, quality of life improvement; so, I'm very proud of that. And it\nmoves a lot of people and thank God we have it; it needs to be bigger and better\nand so forth, but for the time being, we've got something that was the envy of\nthe country. Incidentally, I wanted the fare to be free, not fifteen cents. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35795/file/105067#t=6840.0,6870.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35795/file/105067/transcript/22179/annotation/230","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And\nin the deliberations, Charlie Brown--who was then a county commissioner,\nformerly a State House member--argued he wanted it to be twenty-five cents. He\nsaid otherwise winos--they didn't call them homeless then, they called them\nwinos--would sleep on it, if it was free. So, we compromised on fifteen cents,\nand it stayed at that for ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35795/file/105067#t=6870.0,6900.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35795/file/105067/transcript/22179/annotation/231","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"seven years. My hopes--had I gone back into office, if\nI hadn't been defeated--I was going to go back to ten cents and then back to a\nnickel and finally get it free. There were other . . . appointing the first\nwoman to the city council in Atlanta's history. A hundred and twenty-five years\nand never had a female.\n\nBERMAN: Who was that?\n\nMASSELL: Pankie Bradley.\n\nBERMAN: Packie?\n\nMASSELL: Pankie.\n\nBERMAN: Pankie.\n\nMASSELL: Pankie. She's a city planner, ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35795/file/105067#t=6900.0,6930.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35795/file/105067/transcript/22179/annotation/232","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and she did a fine job, she ran later and\ngot reelected. It's funny, today it just sounds trite, but the majority of them\n[city planners] are women. Back then it was shocking that I would have . . .\nthis is what is so wonderful about power, of being in a public office, you get\nthe power to do that. I had the power to just say, \"I'm going to put a woman in\nthat vacancy, I don't care what you say, ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35795/file/105067#t=6930.0,6960.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35795/file/105067/transcript/22179/annotation/233","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"even though it's the first time in a\nhundred and twenty-five years,\" to be able to just do that. They said, \"Where\nshe going to go to the bathroom,\" because they just couldn't believe it that I\nwould do that. I stepped on everybody's toes at one time or another when I was\nin office. But being independent is probably the most valuable asset I've ever\nbeen given, and I don't know where that came from. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35795/file/105067#t=6960.0,6990.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35795/file/105067/transcript/22179/annotation/234","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Appointing the first Black\ndepartment heads [was another thing], I should mention one, the first one . . .\nthe charter back then, incidentally, for Atlanta was different than what we have\ntoday in that the department heads were career people, and they had tenure and\n[it was] entirely different. You didn't have the crony system or the patronage\nwhere you ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35795/file/105067#t=6990.0,7020.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35795/file/105067/transcript/22179/annotation/235","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"appointed people who were supporters or whatever. I had a vacancy\ncoming up in the personnel department, the first vacancy where I could appoint a\ndepartment head. And although I had not made any promises or even indicated to\nanybody [or] hinted that I would appoint a Black department head anywhere, on my\nown said, \"Well gee, what a great place to put a Black [person], if you're\ntrying to improve opportunities for Blacks ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35795/file/105067#t=7020.0,7050.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35795/file/105067/transcript/22179/annotation/236","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"in city hall.\" So, I called in the\nBlack leadership into my office: Daddy King and Leroy Johnson, who was a state\nsenator, and the whole room of leaders, Scott from the Atlanta Daily World,\ntwelve of them, thirteen of them, and I . . . I was saying ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35795/file/105067#t=7050.0,7080.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35795/file/105067/transcript/22179/annotation/237","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"the first opportunity\nI had to appoint someone to a department head position was the vacancy of head\nof personnel who retired. And I called in the Black leadership and said, \"If\nyou'll find somebody qualified, I'll appoint him or her.\" And it's interesting,\nbecause today you hear stories about the Black leadership ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35795/file/105067#t=7080.0,7110.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35795/file/105067/transcript/22179/annotation/238","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"demanding you, \"Why\ndon't you do this, why don't you appoint that one,\" but we had to demand them. I\nhad to call George Barry--my Chief Administrative Officer--every couple of\nweeks, [and say] \"Call him and find out what's holding it up, why aren't they\nhelping? I want to appoint somebody.\" And they said, \"Well, we're looking, we're\nlooking.\" They were as serious as I was in wanting to get somebody qualified,\nand they did. [He was] a guy named Franklin Thomas who was head of personnel at\nthe YMCA in New York [City, New York]. They brought him ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35795/file/105067#t=7110.0,7140.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35795/file/105067/transcript/22179/annotation/239","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"down, and he was\nwonderful. But an interesting story on the side, that I don't think [has] ever\nbeen told is that, the guy who had been head of personnel who retired, when he\nlearned I was going to appoint a Black [person], came back and said he was\nwithdrawing his retirement. Now whether he did it on his own or whether he got\npressure from somewhere ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35795/file/105067#t=7140.0,7170.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35795/file/105067/transcript/22179/annotation/240","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"in the community, I don't know. But I made sure he knew\nthat that was not going to happen. We went and changed the locks that night on\nthe office. Incidentally, bringing in somebody like Franklin--who was so\nqualified-- I'm proud, was a tremendous improvement in race relations in that\nWhites who had never worked with a Black, much less under one, found that, ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35795/file/105067#t=7170.0,7200.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35795/file/105067/transcript/22179/annotation/241","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"gee\nwhiz, this works very well. Because here was somebody that was so qualified that\nit worked smoothly--maybe better than what they had before even. And it\nreally--I feel--served a great purpose beside running the personnel department\nwell and helping the quotas for Black employment, that I wanted. He helped in\nracial relations and he stayed the whole four years. He later went to, ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35795/file/105067#t=7200.0,7230.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35795/file/105067/transcript/22179/annotation/242","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I think\nit was MARTA, as the head of personnel, and he's since passed away, but he did a\nfine job. The second department head I appointed was also Black--head of Public\nWorks--who we brought from the Virgin Islands. I remember one person calling and\nraising hell with me that I was appointing a foreigner. It happened to be the\nU.S. Virgin Islands, he didn't know the difference. But anyway, ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35795/file/105067#t=7230.0,7260.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35795/file/105067/transcript/22179/annotation/243","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"like I said, the\npower of the office is very fulfilling.\n\nBERMAN: Did you receive a lot of flack from people out there? You mentioned you\nhad a cross burned on your lawn at one point?\n\nMASSELL: Yes, yes, we . . . I'll tell you one anecdote. I would read my hate\nmail, and we kept a file of hate mail. One time I get a letter from somebody\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35795/file/105067#t=7260.0,7290.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35795/file/105067/transcript/22179/annotation/244","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"complimenting me for being at the wrestling match the night before with my son.\n[They complimented] that I would take the time out of my busy schedule to take\nmy son to something like that and how healthy it looked whatever. And this was\nsigned, complimenting me, and thanking me. And the typing looked so familiar\nbecause it was an old typewriter with the ink filled in on the \"Es\" and the \"Os\"\nand I said, \"Bring me the hate mail file,\" and we pulled it out and ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35795/file/105067#t=7290.0,7320.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35795/file/105067/transcript/22179/annotation/245","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"sure enough\nhere was a guy who had threatened to kill me. Absolutely kill me, I mean not\njust hate me, but kill me. And here's a guy complimenting me and the same one.\nWe gave it to the GBI [Georgia Bureau of Investigation], they made a little\nvisit on him, and we decided he wasn't going to kill me. He was an old guy, the\ncodger lived in back of the Cracker Stadium off of Ponce De Leon, [Avenue]. But,\nyes, we had some of that. Something I learned--which would not have occurred to\nme if I hadn't ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35795/file/105067#t=7320.0,7350.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35795/file/105067/transcript/22179/annotation/246","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"had the experience--is that, as far as I know, the haters hated\nthe power and the position, not the person. Because I saw it definitely after I\ncame out of office. People that I would, from time to time, run across who hated\nme--and that's the only way to express it--did not hate me ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35795/file/105067#t=7350.0,7380.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35795/file/105067/transcript/22179/annotation/247","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"anymore. They didn't\nlove me, they didn't hug me, but they'd say, \"Hello, how are you?\" I realized,\nit wasn't me, it was that I had the power to hurt them or to do things that they\nthought were hurting, that were wrong, or that were evil or sinful or whatever.\nSo, once that was taken away from me, I was harmless.\n\nBERMAN: You also mentioned appointing the Jewish judge.\n\nMASSELL: Yes, the first ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35795/file/105067#t=7380.0,7410.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35795/file/105067/transcript/22179/annotation/248","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Jewish judge, was . . . help me with his name . . .\n\nBERMAN: Shoub?\n\nMASSELL: No, not Shoub, not Felton, it'll come to me in a minute won't it?\n\nBERMAN: Fryer?\n\nMASSELL: Fryer, Joel Fryer. Thank you, sorry. Yes, ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35795/file/105067#t=7410.0,7440.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35795/file/105067/transcript/22179/annotation/249","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Governor [Jimmy] Carter--I\nwas Mayor, Carter was governor at that time--offered to appoint Joel as a judge.\nHe was with Arnall Golden Gregory Law Firm, and Joel turned it down, he didn't\nwant to be judge. But it meant a lot to the Jewish community to have a Jewish\njudge, ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35795/file/105067#t=7440.0,7470.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35795/file/105067/transcript/22179/annotation/250","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and so this time I called in the Jewish leadership. Bobby Lipschitz, I\ndon't remember who all, but a room full of them with Joel at the Mayor's office.\nAnd we just hot-boxed it in the way you would at a fraternity house, why you\nneed to be . . . why you should be . . . why you must be . . . and he agreed and\ntook it. He later loved it. He thanked me many times, and he was a very good\njudge. He's since passed away, but he had to be talked into it, had to be ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35795/file/105067#t=7470.0,7500.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35795/file/105067/transcript/22179/annotation/251","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"pressured.\n\nBERMAN: How did you get along with Ivan Allen?\n\nMASSELL: Fairly well. Ivan was not liberal by any stretch of the imagination,\nbut he was smart enough to know what he had to do as the mayor of the city and\nthe changes he had to make. And my hat's off to him ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35795/file/105067#t=7500.0,7530.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35795/file/105067/transcript/22179/annotation/252","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that he took a lot of\npressure from his peers for taking the progressive positions that he did.\n\nBERMAN: There was one incident I read about, the Peyton . . .\n\nMASSELL: Oh yes. Well there, I definitely came out publicly in opposition to\nhim. He built the Peyton Wall; Peyton was the name of the street over on the\nsouthwest side, ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35795/file/105067#t=7530.0,7560.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35795/file/105067/transcript/22179/annotation/253","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"northwest side, I guess you'd call it, where the Blacks were\nbuying homes in this neighborhood. He came up with the idea of building a road\nacross, a barricade across the road, that that would stop the integration of\nthat neighborhood. It didn't make any sense at all, and funniest remark was Bill\nHartsfield who said, \"Ivan, it's okay to ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35795/file/105067#t=7560.0,7590.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35795/file/105067/transcript/22179/annotation/254","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"make a mistake as long as you don't\nmake one that can be photographed, because it comes back, and it comes back, and\nit comes back.\" But, there I did take public issue with him. We got along, as we\nshould get along. His is a different style than mine. I was a very hands-on, too\nmeticulous, ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35795/file/105067#t=7590.0,7620.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35795/file/105067/transcript/22179/annotation/255","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"too involved, where he was extremely good at delegating authority.\nIn his office, his desk was just a library table, it didn't even have any\ndrawers in it. I not only had\n\ndrawers, I had cabinets built all around, I had papers and books and materials\neverywhere. He had an \"in\" basket, and he'd grab something, initial it, and put\nit in the \"out\" basket; and that was a ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35795/file/105067#t=7620.0,7650.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35795/file/105067/transcript/22179/annotation/256","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"day's work. He was very good, a champion\nat delegating authority. He was pretty shocked to find out he couldn't just\nexecute everything, he was politically naive. He learned on the job, of course,\nbut he had run a big business, and to get there and realize he couldn't just do\nwhat he wanted to do was pretty shocking to him, to work in the system. Helen\nBullard helped tremendously with that, and ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35795/file/105067#t=7650.0,7680.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35795/file/105067/transcript/22179/annotation/257","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"she actually set up an office in City\nHall to help him for the first year.\n\nBERMAN: Did you have a relationship with William Hartsfield, did you know him well?\n\nMASSELL: Yes, yes, we got along well. Bill and Margaret and I used to go\ndrinking some, late at night, after the day's work was done. This was before I\nwas in office. I'm talking about when he was Mayor, ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35795/file/105067#t=7680.0,7710.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35795/file/105067/transcript/22179/annotation/258","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I mean, I remember one night\nwhen she . . .\n\nBERMAN: This is his wife?\n\nMASSELL: No.\n\nBERMAN: Oh.\n\nMASSELL: Helen Bullard.\n\nBERMAN: Oh.\n\nMASSELL: I'm sorry, who did I say?\n\nBERMAN: Margaret.\n\nMASSELL: Thanks for correcting me; Helen and Bill and I. I remember one night we\nwere at the Heart of Atlanta Hotel on Kohler Street--just happen to remember\nwhere we were--and he said, \"Helen, you know I'm going to get a divorce.\" ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35795/file/105067#t=7710.0,7740.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35795/file/105067/transcript/22179/annotation/259","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"This\nwas back when politicians had to have a wife and a dog and be a veteran, you\nknow, the certain requirements. And he said, \"What's the public going to think?\"\nand she paused--she had a good way of pausing--she said, \"They're going to be\nsurprised to know you were married\". Because, in truth, he didn't take his wife\nanywhere. He claimed that she didn't like the bright lights and the crowds or\nsomething. But, ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35795/file/105067#t=7740.0,7770.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35795/file/105067/transcript/22179/annotation/260","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"she helped him a lot along the way. She's the one that really\ncoined the phrase that he's credited with of saying, \"Atlanta's Too Young,\"\nexcuse me that \"Atlanta's Too Busy to Hate.\" That's during the Civil Rights\nMovement that has been credited to me, has been credited to Andy Young,\neverybody. But Bill Hartsfield is the one that said it, and it came from the\nmouth of Helen Bullard.\n\nBERMAN: Wasn't it after The Temple bombing that he . . .\n\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35795/file/105067#t=7770.0,7800.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35795/file/105067/transcript/22179/annotation/261","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"MASSELL: \"Atlanta's Too Busy to Hate\"?\n\nBERMAN: Yes.\n\nMASSELL: No, it was Civil Rights.\n\nBERMAN: Later?\n\nMASSELL: Yes, later, yes.\n\nBERMAN: Do you remember the bombing very well?\n\nMASSELL: Yes, I was not involved at the time but, was moved by it, of course, yes.\n\nBERMAN: I was asking you about ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35795/file/105067#t=7800.0,7830.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35795/file/105067/transcript/22179/annotation/262","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"your successes. Was there anything that you\nwanted to accomplish during your term that just didn't happen?\n\nMASSELL: Incidentally, building the Omni, Atlanta's first enclosed coliseum was\na coup because I was able to--again, leaning on my experience in real estate and\nlegal training--to structure something that was a first in the country where we\ncould build a ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35795/file/105067#t=7830.0,7860.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35795/file/105067/transcript/22179/annotation/263","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"stadium where it didn't make any difference if we didn't sell a\nsingle ticket; the public would not be taxed for it. It was all guaranteed by\nincome from Tom Cousins' existing parking decks, and he would guarantee no\npayment of the indebtedness, in return for having a revenue bond, which was a\nlow-interest rate and tax free property. Because the city actually, ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35795/file/105067#t=7860.0,7890.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35795/file/105067/transcript/22179/annotation/264","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"technically,\nowned it, although he had complete control over it. It was a unique structure,\neconomically, and it served a great purpose. It allowed us to have the [1988]\nDemocratic Convention here--we couldn't have without that--and this meant a lot.\nIncidentally, talking about sports, Bill Hartsfield was against professional\nsports. He thought it would bring gambling and the mafia and seriously felt that\nway, ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35795/file/105067#t=7890.0,7920.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35795/file/105067/transcript/22179/annotation/265","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"with which I disagree. Ivan Allen's mostly credited with that,\nappropriately, and it put Atlanta on the news, in every newspaper in the country\nevery day; so, very important to the city. I started getting off on a tangent\nthough, you were asking me . . .\n\nBERMAN: I just want to know if there was anything you worked for, you wanted . . .\n\nMASSELL: Oh, that I didn't get. Well, yes. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35795/file/105067#t=7920.0,7950.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35795/file/105067/transcript/22179/annotation/266","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Probably the biggest undertaking that\nwould have meant a tremendous difference in the Atlanta that we know today, was\nwhat was called the \"Two City Plan\". I had, I guess, a title of being a\nmaverick, of thinking outside the box. Was I or not, I don't know; ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35795/file/105067#t=7950.0,7980.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35795/file/105067/transcript/22179/annotation/267","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"it's my\nstupidity, ignorance or whatever, where you do bold things sometimes. But\nanyway, I came up with this idea of annexing all of the unincorporated area\nnorth of Atlanta into the city of Atlanta, all of it that's in Fulton County.\nBack then we didn't have the city of Sandy Springs or the city of ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35795/file/105067#t=7980.0,8010.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35795/file/105067/transcript/22179/annotation/268","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Johns Creek or\nall these other little cities that have cropped up. And part of that law,\nincorporating all of the unincorporated area south of Atlanta into College Park.\nCollege Park didn't even know I was going to propose this. But it would have\nmade two large--almost equal geographically--cities. Population-wise, of course,\nAtlanta would be the ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35795/file/105067#t=8010.0,8040.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35795/file/105067/transcript/22179/annotation/269","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"big one, and College Park would have the opportunity to\nexpand. This could get the vote of the legislators in the State House and Senate\nto support it from the College Park area because they felt it would keep them\nWhite. I'm sorry, but it played to their prejudices, and that was the way to get\nthe votes. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35795/file/105067#t=8040.0,8070.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35795/file/105067/transcript/22179/annotation/270","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And I did get the votes, and we passed it in the House. Unbelievable,\nall of a sudden 'boom' here was this gigantic city that was going to be created,\ntwo gigantic cities. And Lester Maddox killed it in the Senate. He was the\nLieutenant Governor at the time, and it's interesting because it's the type of\nthing that normally he would support, ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35795/file/105067#t=8070.0,8100.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35795/file/105067/transcript/22179/annotation/271","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"from his racial viewpoint. The story is\nthat Milton Ferris is the one that talked him into defeating it. Milton had run\nagainst me in office. Milton and I were friends--he's since passed away.\nIncidentally, I use the word 'friends' a lot, and I think politicians may not\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35795/file/105067#t=8100.0,8130.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35795/file/105067/transcript/22179/annotation/272","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"want to admit it, but they respect each other's differences, normally. You've\nheard, \"they make strange bedfellows\", but you have to work that way if you're\ngoing to work successfully. Anyway, he killed it in the Senate, so that was the\nend of that. That was a major change, it would have changed Atlanta ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35795/file/105067#t=8130.0,8160.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35795/file/105067/transcript/22179/annotation/273","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"forever.\n\nBERMAN: But why would he have killed it?\n\nMASSELL: Out of friendship for Milton Ferris.\n\nBERMAN: And why did Milton Ferris not want it?\n\nMASSELL: Because at that time, he felt he was my enemy. He wanted to get even.\nThis is what I'm told and he's not here to defend himself. Incidentally, just\nthree days ago, I spoke at a funeral for Johnny Huntsinger, who was brought up\nin the Ferris home, which I mentioned at the funeral. And ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35795/file/105067#t=8160.0,8190.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35795/file/105067/transcript/22179/annotation/274","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"his--Milton's--son,\nCarl Ferris, was at the funeral, and is a friend of mine today. So, we still\nhave to exist, coexist.\n\nBERMAN: Getting now to the election you didn't win. The second time you ran\nagainst Maynard Jackson, he was your Vice-Mayor, wasn't he?\n\nMASSELL: Yes, but that's a misnomer when you say, \"your vice-mayor\", and a lot\nof people misunderstand. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35795/file/105067#t=8190.0,8220.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35795/file/105067/transcript/22179/annotation/275","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Because in some cities like New York [New York], they\nhave a Vice-Mayor who is actually an employee of the Mayor. The vice-mayor in\nAtlanta back then, who was also President of the Board of Alderman, was elected\nindependently citywide. It has nothing to do with the Mayor's office. So, I just\nwant to say he didn't work for me, nor did I work for Ivan Allen when I was\nvice-mayor. But, he was vice-mayor when he ran for Mayor.\n\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35795/file/105067#t=8220.0,8250.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35795/file/105067/transcript/22179/annotation/276","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"BERMAN: Do you know if he supported the fact that the election turned racial\nbecause of the slogan you mentioned earlier?\n\nMASSELL: Oh yes, he benefited dramatically from it, big time. Like I said, don't\nknow if he was smart enough to figure it out that way, and design it that way,\nand lead it that way, or if he just lucked into it. But I repeat, I was going to\nlose anyway, ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35795/file/105067#t=8250.0,8280.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35795/file/105067/transcript/22179/annotation/277","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"it just made it a nasty campaign. It was sad, unfortunately.\n\nBERMAN: What did you think of him as a person?\n\nMASSELL: Maynard was very articulate, he had a lot of charisma, he was\npolitically savvy, he was a leader, and ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35795/file/105067#t=8280.0,8310.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35795/file/105067/transcript/22179/annotation/278","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"he had his strengths and he played them\nwell. I'm reminded of one, I'll even put on your tape that Senator--former State\nSenator--Leroy Johnson was indicted for, I think, tax evasion ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35795/file/105067#t=8310.0,8340.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35795/file/105067/transcript/22179/annotation/279","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and called and\nasked me if I would be a character witness for him. And I said, \"No\". I said,\n\"Leroy, I'll testify to your ability as a politician, I'll testify to your hard\nwork and the energies you put forth, I'll testify that you were good for\nAtlanta, that you did a lot of good work for race relations, but I won't testify\nto your character.\" ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35795/file/105067#t=8340.0,8370.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35795/file/105067/transcript/22179/annotation/280","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Maynard didn't ask me.\n\nBERMAN: Okay. I want to go back just a little, I had a question earlier. During\nthe 1960s, there was some racial violence with the Jewish grocery store owners\nin the city. Do you recall any of that?\n\nMASSELL: Just vaguely.\n\nBERMAN: Just vaguely? Because a lot of those Jewish grocery owners went out of\nbusiness then. They were ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35795/file/105067#t=8370.0,8400.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35795/file/105067/transcript/22179/annotation/281","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"accused of raising prices, selling rotten food. I was\njust wondering if you had any recollection of that.\n\nMASSELL: Very little. I remember it vaguely.\n\nBERMAN: Okay, so we're moving on. You're no longer Mayor, let's talk a little\nbit about your career after you leave the mayorship.\n\nMASSELL: Well, I've had four careers actually, can't wait to see what's going to\nbe next. I've spent twenty years in commercial ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35795/file/105067#t=8400.0,8430.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35795/file/105067/transcript/22179/annotation/282","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"real estate, successfully,\nenjoyed it. Became the world's only specialist in doctors' office buildings, had\na unique niche that I worked in and had I not gotten bit by the political bug, I\nthink I would have been a wealthy person financially, as well as I am now in\nother ways that are not monetary. But ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35795/file/105067#t=8430.0,8460.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35795/file/105067/transcript/22179/annotation/283","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I spent twenty-two years in elected\noffices total, which I enjoyed and would, I guess, consider it successful. I\nspent thirteen years in the tourism business, owning and operating a travel\nagency, where my wife worked in it, all three children at one time or another\nworked in it. We didn't make any money; it was stimulating in that it was a\nwhole new ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35795/file/105067#t=8460.0,8490.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35795/file/105067/transcript/22179/annotation/284","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"arena, managing a small company, selling dreams, learning new\nterminology and all. So, it was an interesting sabbatical of sorts. And then I\nspent the last twenty­two years, so far, in Association Management, which is\noperating the Buckhead Coalition, which is like a Chamber of Commerce for the\nnorthern part of the city.\n\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35795/file/105067#t=8490.0,8520.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35795/file/105067/transcript/22179/annotation/285","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"BERMAN: Aren't you called 'Mr. Buckhead'?\n\nMASSELL: Well, I'm called worse in some quarters.\n\nBERMAN: \"The Mayor of Buckhead\"?\n\nMASSELL: Yes, I've been called that too, and I think they mean it graciously.\n\nBERMAN: Yes.\n\nMASSELL: But, Kasim Reed is Mayor of Buckhead, the same as he is Eastside,\nWestside, Southside. The Buckhead Coalition is a very successful non-profit\ncivic group, ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35795/file/105067#t=8520.0,8550.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35795/file/105067/transcript/22179/annotation/286","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"the mission for which is to nurture the quality of life and help\ncoordinate an orderly growth of Buckhead.\n\nBuckhead is twenty-eight square miles, seventy-six thousand people, a hundred\nand forty thousand daytime estimate, twenty-two million square feet of office\nspace, fourteen hundred retail units, fifty-three hundred hotel rooms, eighteen\nthousand five hundred multi-family units, I can keep going but you don't have\nthat much tape. I know you keep running out. It's like a city, but it's all\nwithin the city of ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35795/file/105067#t=8550.0,8580.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35795/file/105067/transcript/22179/annotation/287","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Atlanta. And the uniqueness of this group is that the\nmembership is limited to one hundred CEOs of major firms, and it's by\ninvitation. And they pay healthy dues of six thousand two-hundred and fifty\ndollars a year, which is only the beginning of their financial exposure. We\ndon't go to the public for any money; if we need more, we ask them to chip in.\nAnd they're extremely busy people, so it's staff driven. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35795/file/105067#t=8580.0,8610.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35795/file/105067/transcript/22179/annotation/288","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"We have four people,\nincluding me, in the office at Tower Place, which is open to the public. You\ndon't have to be a member to use our services, and it's a little bit like a town\nhall in the eyes of some, although we have no official powers, we \"know where\nthe bodies are buried\". We're able to help bring about different reforms and\nreally, with a mission like I outlined, we can go in any direction which we do;\nfrom paving sidewalks ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35795/file/105067#t=8610.0,8640.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35795/file/105067/transcript/22179/annotation/289","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"in neighborhoods, to paying rewards for convictions in\nheinous crimes, to providing scholarships at the public high school, to placing\nportable defibrillators in churches and hotels and office buildings to, more\nrecently, filling--we bragged--filling three hundred pot holes in two weeks in\nBuckhead. So, like I said, we do some of everything.\n\nBERMAN: Were you ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35795/file/105067#t=8640.0,8670.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35795/file/105067/transcript/22179/annotation/290","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"instrumental in getting, I think it was ten years ago, all the\nbars in Buckhead were open so late, and the neighborhoods were complaining. Was\nthe Buckhead Coalition responsible for . . .\n\nMASSELL: Very involved, very involved in that along with others. The situation\nwas intolerable, it was out of hand, it was terribly damaging to the ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35795/file/105067#t=8670.0,8700.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35795/file/105067/transcript/22179/annotation/291","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"quality of\nlife of people who lived for miles around it. And the sad part was it was mostly\nbecause we didn't get any support from City Hall. Having been Mayor of Atlanta,\nduring which time, incidentally, I was president of the National League of\nCities, so I know about bars all over the United States, and the problems that\nMayors have with them. And there's not a single one of them that isn't violating\nsome law, but you have to have ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35795/file/105067#t=8700.0,8730.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35795/file/105067/transcript/22179/annotation/292","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"enforcement if the law's going to mean anything.\nAnd we did not get enforcement for eight years from Bill Campbell or for four\nmore years after that with Maynard Jackson. It wasn't until Shirley Franklin\ncame into office that we started getting not just police presence but the\nbuilding inspector, health inspector, the fire marshal, the regulatory bodies.\nOnce we were seeing that laws were being ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35795/file/105067#t=8730.0,8760.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35795/file/105067/transcript/22179/annotation/293","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"enforced, in fact, the 'bad actors'\npacked up and moved away; the ones that allowed prostitution or underage\ndrinking or illegal drug sales or whatever. And, fortunately, great developer on\na white horse, a knight on a white horse, came in and bought up the properties\nand tore down the old buildings, and we'll be building some retail ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35795/file/105067#t=8760.0,8790.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35795/file/105067/transcript/22179/annotation/294","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"shops there\nunequaled this side of Beverly Hills. So that's a great part of our future for\nBuckhead. But it was a, a terrible struggle in getting there.\n\nBERMAN: Why was there no support from either Bill Campbell or Maynard Jackson?\n\nMASSELL: Part of it is jealousy. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35795/file/105067#t=8790.0,8820.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35795/file/105067/transcript/22179/annotation/295","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"This is a wealthy part of town, it's a White\npart of town, there was prejudices against us from them, and they were in power\nto exercise it.\n\nBERMAN: Because you had a personal relationship with Maynard Jackson, were you\nable to address it in a more personal way or not?\n\nMASSELL: Well, like I described with ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35795/file/105067#t=8820.0,8850.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35795/file/105067/transcript/22179/annotation/296","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"other politicians, we could get together\nand slap each other on the back and even cuss each other out if we wanted, but\ngetting him to do it where it was not to his public benefit--in his opinion, his\npublic image for his constituency--it was just not doable. Shirley, on the other\nhand, made us ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35795/file/105067#t=8850.0,8880.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35795/file/105067/transcript/22179/annotation/297","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"proud. Kasim Reed has been cooperative, one hundred percent with\nwhatever. When I mentioned we filled three hundred potholes in two weeks, it\ncouldn't have been done without the support of City Hall.\n\nBERMAN: So, how do you see the city changing from when you were Mayor to the two\nterms with Jackson and Campbell or the terms with them, and then today?\n\nMASSELL: Well, you had Andy Young in there too.\n\nBERMAN: Oh right, right.\n\nMASSELL: He did a good job. Andy and I have been good friends down through the\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35795/file/105067#t=8880.0,8910.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35795/file/105067/transcript/22179/annotation/298","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"years. Sometimes he goes off on a deep tangent too, off the chart, but he's done\na good job. When I was president of city council, incidentally, I created the\nCommunity Relations Commission for Atlanta, which served a great purpose for\nrace relations. And later, when I became Mayor, I appointed Andy as chairman of\nthat. He gives me credit for giving him a forum from which he could then run for\nMayor ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35795/file/105067#t=8910.0,8940.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35795/file/105067/transcript/22179/annotation/299","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and so forth, which he did successfully. But he was excellent in that\nrole. Incidentally, Rabbi Rothschild also served as chairman before that, in an\nexcellent manner. I was going to tell you another story, I'll insist you put\nthis in the record. We talked about the Community Relations Commission, ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35795/file/105067#t=8940.0,8970.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35795/file/105067/transcript/22179/annotation/300","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I\ncreated it when I was president of the council. When I became Mayor, I was\nresponsible for appointing the members, and although we created it for\nBlack/White relations and frictions and problems, I decided by the time I became\nMayor, there were other issues that also needed attention; those were senior\ncitizens. So, we got a wonderful woman--I'm sorry I can't remember her\nname--that we appointed on the ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35795/file/105067#t=8970.0,9000.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35795/file/105067/transcript/22179/annotation/301","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Community Relations Commission to represent\nsenior issues. Appointed a youth--youth was making its place in society--so we\ngot a young high school student. [It was] Michael\n[who] became CEO of Air Atlanta, owned an airline, became a multi-millionaire,\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35795/file/105067#t=9000.0,9030.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35795/file/105067/transcript/22179/annotation/302","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"he was a good choice. And the gay and lesbian community needed representation,\nthis was becoming an issue, and I appointed the head of what was the Gay Rights\nAssociation--I don't remember the name of it right now. [I] was very pleased\nwhen this young person passed away, he included in his obituary that he had been\nappointed to that, so it meant a lot to him and his family. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35795/file/105067#t=9030.0,9060.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35795/file/105067/transcript/22179/annotation/303","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"It meant a lot to\nus. But, the story I wanted to share with you was that, as was custom every\nMonday, I had a news conference when I was Mayor on just the issues of the day.\nBut, we also had a printed paper we would hand out, of certain things that\ndidn't warrant maybe a lot of conversation, but just facts and figures for the\npaper. And one was the list of appointments for the Community Relations\nCommission. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35795/file/105067#t=9060.0,9090.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35795/file/105067/transcript/22179/annotation/304","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"It included the names of the\nindividuals and what interest they represented and where they worked. And this\nyoung man who was gay, worked for the Atlanta Journal. And Rollie Browns\n(sp)--who was a former fellow classmate at the University of Georgia, but also\nCity Hall reporter for the Journal--was in the room, ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35795/file/105067#t=9090.0,9120.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35795/file/105067/transcript/22179/annotation/305","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"read the release, went to\nthe telephone, came back, and sent a note up to my desk where I was conducting\nthis news conference, [saying] that Jack Tarver, the publisher of the Atlanta\nJournal, did not want me to appoint this person. And, of course, that did not\ninfluence me. [It] had nothing to do with the fact that Jack Tarver had opposed\nme all my life, seemed like. But, the ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35795/file/105067#t=9120.0,9150.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35795/file/105067/transcript/22179/annotation/306","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"interesting part of this story is that in\nthe paper the next day, when they listed these appointments, they did list him,\nbut they didn't say he worked for the Atlanta Journal, they just left that out.\n\nBERMAN: Wow.\n\nMASSELL: Times have changed. Okay, I've digressed; I got off on a tangent.\n\nBERMAN: You were going to speak to how the city has changed over the last . . .\n\nMASSELL: over the Mayors of [the last years] . . .\n\nBERMAN: Yes.\n\nMASSELL: Well . . .\n\nBERMAN: . . . that's kind of ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35795/file/105067#t=9150.0,9180.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35795/file/105067/transcript/22179/annotation/307","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"a large . . .\n\nMASSELL: . . .yes. People ask me, frequently, \"Did you have any idea in years\npast that Atlanta would be at this stage today, in its growth either physically\nor in progress [in] human rights or any other arena?\" And the truth of the\nmatter is all everybody else says is, \"Oh no, they never would have dreamed it.\"\nI wouldn't ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35795/file/105067#t=9180.0,9210.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35795/file/105067/transcript/22179/annotation/308","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"say that I dreamed [that] we would get this big and that we will even\nbe larger tomorrow, but it has not come as any surprise to me. I'm a native\nAtlantan, been here now--how old am I, 80--83 years, and I've seen growth on top\nof growth on top of growth, and I expect it to continue that way. And I repeat,\nnot just brick and mortar, but ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35795/file/105067#t=9210.0,9240.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35795/file/105067/transcript/22179/annotation/309","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"in our understanding of life and our treatment of\nour fellow man and everything. I just have a lot of faith and confidence in\nourselves and in the future, and it has made progress. I may not have thought\nthat Maynard Jackson was the best man to be Mayor, but Atlanta progressed while\nhe was Mayor, it has continued to do so.\n\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35795/file/105067#t=9240.0,9270.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35795/file/105067/transcript/22179/annotation/310","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"BERMAN: Did you know Bill Campbell at all?\n\nMASSELL: Oh yes, yes. It's interesting, my friend Rob Pitts--who is County\nCommissioner, former president of the city council--used to pick on, or find\nfault with,\n\nBill Campbell when Bill was Mayor and Rob was president of the Council,\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35795/file/105067#t=9270.0,9300.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35795/file/105067/transcript/22179/annotation/311","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"constantly. And I'd admonish Rob, I'd say, \"Back off, lay down, lay back a\nlittle bit. You just come across so negative constantly,\" because he was right.\nI said, \"It just taints our city, it just looks so bad, everything so negative.\nTry to find something good in the guy.\" But, he was right, Bill did not do us\nany favor. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35795/file/105067#t=9300.0,9330.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35795/file/105067/transcript/22179/annotation/312","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"But, you know, each one did his part for Atlanta, and could take\ncredit for some stuff along the way.\n\nBERMAN: Before we conclude, when we were not on tape, you were talking a little\nbit about naming things for people in the city . . .\n\nMASSELL: Yes.\n\nBERMAN: . . . and I asked you about what you felt about the ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35795/file/105067#t=9330.0,9360.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35795/file/105067/transcript/22179/annotation/313","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"airport name being\nchanged from Hartsfield to Hartsfield-Jackson.\n\nMASSELL: Well . . .\n\nBERMAN: . . . you're simplistic?\n\nMASSELL: Yes, I am. I don't know if I can articulate it well, but I just believe\nyou have to start with the basic premise that the most important foundation is\nthat people be happy. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35795/file/105067#t=9360.0,9390.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35795/file/105067/transcript/22179/annotation/314","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"That sounds trite, but it's so important that people be\nhappy, that they get through this life happy, enjoying it. And you have to\nbalance things in government, and if you've got the power to influence that\nhappiness. You don't always do what the majority wants you to do, ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35795/file/105067#t=9390.0,9420.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35795/file/105067/transcript/22179/annotation/315","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"but you have\nto come back and find ways to balance it. I don't think I'm explaining it well,\nbut leadership is what they buy you for. You're there to guide and lead, and\nthat doesn't always follow the majority. But in leading, you have to ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35795/file/105067#t=9420.0,9450.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35795/file/105067/transcript/22179/annotation/316","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"incorporate\nthat element of happiness for the public at large, you go with that with what\nyou want. Let's go back to the other question.\n\nBERMAN: The other question was, do you think Atlanta forgets its history sometimes?\n\nMASSELL: Yes; the naming, changing names is disappointing. Personally, I have a\npolicy against naming ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35795/file/105067#t=9450.0,9480.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35795/file/105067/transcript/22179/annotation/317","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"public property for people who are still in life. I have\nturned down offers to name things for me for that reason, and I know it's\ncommonly done all over the country, but I think that's wrong. I know sometimes\nit comes out where you wished you hadn't. In New Orleans, [Louisianna] the\nairport there ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35795/file/105067#t=9480.0,9510.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35795/file/105067/transcript/22179/annotation/318","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"used to be called Shushan International Airport until Mr. Shushan\nwent to jail, and they had to take the name off, and that was not a pleasant\nexperience. But, talking about the airport, I was the one that named the Atlanta\nairport for Hartsfield, after he passed away, because he was indeed \"Mr.\nAirport\", \"Mr. Air Travel\", \"Mr. Airline\" for Atlanta, which has meant more than\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35795/file/105067#t=9510.0,9540.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35795/file/105067/transcript/22179/annotation/319","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"any other economic factor in the city. So, I was disappointed and felt that\nShirley Franklin failed us in that regard when she did not even follow the\nrecommendation of the committee she appointed and added the name Jackson to the\nairport. Although ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35795/file/105067#t=9540.0,9570.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35795/file/105067/transcript/22179/annotation/320","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"he was involved in the development of the new airport--as was\nI before him--planning for the new airport, as was Andy Young and Ivan Allen and\nBill Hartsfield; all of us played a role. That airport has gotten larger and\nmore important and more modern in its amenities and facilities with every ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35795/file/105067#t=9570.0,9600.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35795/file/105067/transcript/22179/annotation/321","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Mayor.\nI guess if there was any measuring stick you put out there, what do you see\nhappening with new Mayors along the way, every one of them has had a goal in\nsupporting and protecting and nurturing the Atlanta airport. But Hartsfield was\nthe beginning and to add another name to it, I thought was a big mistake. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35795/file/105067#t=9600.0,9630.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35795/file/105067/transcript/22179/annotation/322","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I\nthink it's a mistake when they change the names of so many of our streets and\nroadways, particularly that have historical names that were given because of the\nsignificance of the individuals involved in the growth of our city, the early\ndevelopment of it. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35795/file/105067#t=9630.0,9660.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35795/file/105067/transcript/22179/annotation/323","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"But I know it's happening, we see it changing from Whites to\nBlacks. I just wish I was young enough to be here when it all changes to Hispanics.\n\nBERMAN: And I just want to know, your family goes back in Atlanta a long time.\nYou were born in Atlanta, it's a totally different city than ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35795/file/105067#t=9660.0,9690.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35795/file/105067/transcript/22179/annotation/324","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"when you grew up.\nDo you ever long for the days when Atlanta was more like a small city,\ntight-knit community?\n\nMASSELL: Well, certainly we enjoyed some of the special lifestyle that you have\nin the smaller ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35795/file/105067#t=9690.0,9720.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35795/file/105067/transcript/22179/annotation/325","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"city, where you leave your doors unlocked, leave your bicycle out\nin the front yard all night. Yes, there are a lot of things like that, that you\nmiss and would enjoy bringing back, and you can find it in some little towns.\nYes, ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35795/file/105067#t=9720.0,9750.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35795/file/105067/transcript/22179/annotation/326","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"as the city grows, it changes. I hear people complain all the time to me,\nof course, about traffic, everybody needs to have something to complain about.\nAand I point out that we do have traffic in Atlanta. In Buckhead, have traffic\nseven days a week, not just Monday through Friday [with] people working in the\ntwenty-one ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35795/file/105067#t=9750.0,9780.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35795/file/105067/transcript/22179/annotation/327","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"million square feet of office space, but we have people going to\nthese shops, these big malls on Saturday and that brings a lot of traffic. We\nhave on Sunday, traffic bumper to bumper in some areas because we have the\nlargest Presbyterian Church in the entire country, the largest Episcopal\ncongregation in America, one of the largest United Methodist Churches, all this\nin Buckhead; so, seven days a week, not many cities can claim that. My wife is\nfrom Hogansville, Georgia, which is about ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35795/file/105067#t=9780.0,9810.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35795/file/105067/transcript/22179/annotation/328","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"sixty miles south of here. They don't\nhave any traffic. But they don't have fourteen hundred retail units, they don't\nhave two hundred restaurants, they don't have sixty art galleries. Those are the\namenities that we pay for with traffic. And so, keep that in mind, that these\nchanges today that are not as comfortable as what we had before are paying for\nsomething else that is even greater.\n\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35795/file/105067#t=9810.0,9840.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35795/file/105067/transcript/22179/annotation/329","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"BERMAN: Well, on that note I think we can conclude. This was such, it was a real\npleasure. I thank you so much for participating.\n\nMASSELL: Well, I appreciate your interest, of course, in doing it, and I hope\nit's of some benefit to somebody, somewhere, someday.\n\nBERMAN: For sure.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35795/file/105067#t=9840.0,9870.0"}]},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35795/file/105067/annotation_set/406","type":"AnnotationPage","label":{"en":["Sam Massell [Transcript]"]},"items":[{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35795/file/105067/annotation_set/406/annotation/330","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eSam was a partner in Massell Realty Company with his brothers Benjamin Joseph Massell and Levi J. Massell.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35795/file/105067#t=150.0,180.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35795/file/105067/annotation_set/406/annotation/331","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eSam Massell’s paternal grandfather was Raphael “Ralph” Massell who relocated to Atlanta from New York City and started a wholesale grocery business. Sam’s maternal grandfather was Sol Rubin, also from New York, who relocated to Atlanta where he opened Rubins Department Store.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35795/file/105067#t=150.0,180.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35795/file/105067/annotation_set/406/annotation/332","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe Great Depression was a severe worldwide economic depression in the decade preceding World War II. The time of the Great Depression varied across nations, but in most countries, it started in about 1929 and lasted until the late 1930s or early 1940s. In the U.S., it began with the “Wall Street Crash of 1929,” the most devastating stock market crash in the country’s history. \u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35795/file/105067#t=270.0,300.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35795/file/105067/annotation_set/406/annotation/333","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eBen Massell was a major developer in Atlanta who built over 1000 buildings and was described by Ivan Allen as “the creator of the Atlanta Skyline”. He is credited with the vision that made the Hyatt Regency Hotel and the Merchandise Mart possible in the 1960s.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35795/file/105067#t=300.0,330.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35795/file/105067/annotation_set/406/annotation/334","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eIn 1890, The Atlanta Law School opened as a private, night law school for working professionals and others seeking a legal education. Faculty members were practicing lawyers and judges from across the state of Georgia; the school closed its doors in 1994.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35795/file/105067#t=360.0,390.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35795/file/105067/annotation_set/406/annotation/335","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eOriginally built as 43 garden-apartment homes, the Massellton has been an Atlanta landmark since 1924 and was placed on the National Historic Register in 1999.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35795/file/105067#t=510.0,540.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35795/file/105067/annotation_set/406/annotation/336","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eDruid Hills is an area of metro Atlanta which includes some of the finest examples of early 20th century architecture in the city and the State of Georgia. It has long been home to many of Atlanta’s prominent political, financial, commercial, professional, and cultural residents.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35795/file/105067#t=600.0,630.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35795/file/105067/annotation_set/406/annotation/337","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eHerman Talmadge served as governor of Georgia in 1947 and from 1948 to 1954. In 1956, he was elected to the U.S. Senate as a Democrat, where he served until 1980. He was a segregationist and staunch opponent of civil rights legislation, but ultimately began to reach out to Black voters in the 1970s.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35795/file/105067#t=600.0,630.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35795/file/105067/annotation_set/406/annotation/338","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eBert Parks was an American actor, singer, and radio/television announcer, best known for hosting the annual Miss America Pageant from 1955 to 1979.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35795/file/105067#t=630.0,660.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35795/file/105067/annotation_set/406/annotation/339","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eLarry Gellerstedt spent 46-years with Beers Construction Company until he retired in 1994 as its Chairman. During that time, Beers was responsible for construction of major Atlanta buildings including the High Museum of Art, the Coca Cola Headquarters, The Georgia Dome, Piedmont Hospital, and many others. Gellerstedt was also active in civic and business affairs in Atlanta, serving as director of companies like Bellsouth Telecommunications, John Harland Company, and NationsBank Corporation. He was Chairman of the Atlanta Chamber of Commerce, United Way, and The Robert W. Woodruff Arts Center as well as serving on boards at Agnes Scott College and Georgia Tech University.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35795/file/105067#t=630.0,660.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35795/file/105067/annotation_set/406/annotation/340","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eWilliam Henry Duckworth Sr., was elected to the Georgia Supreme Court in 1938 and was Chief Justice from 1948 - 1969. Duckworth’s daughter, Mary, was the wife of Larry Gellerstedt.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35795/file/105067#t=660.0,690.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35795/file/105067/annotation_set/406/annotation/341","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eCharles Henry Held was a partner and co-manager of the Atlanta Envelope Company after the death of his father-in-law and the firm’s founder, Sigman Guthman. The company was acquired by National Linen Service in 1964 and became National Service Industries (NSI).\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35795/file/105067#t=660.0,690.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35795/file/105067/annotation_set/406/annotation/342","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eBuckhead is an upscale area of north Atlanta with luxury shopping centers, restaurants, office buildings, and residences. It is a major commercial and financial center in the Southeast, and the third largest business district in Atlanta.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35795/file/105067#t=780.0,810.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35795/file/105067/annotation_set/406/annotation/343","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe Temple (Hebrew Benevolent Congregation) is a Reform congregation located in midtown Atlanta and is the city’s oldest and most diverse synagogue. It was the scene of an historic bombing in 1958.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35795/file/105067#t=1260.0,1290.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35795/file/105067/annotation_set/406/annotation/344","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eEarly in the 19th century, the German Reform Movement eliminated bar and bat mitzvahs and instituted confirmation as a new initiation into Jewish responsibility for boys and girls. Designed as the culmination of a course of study for teens, it was originally held on the Sabbath during Passover, Sukkot, or Hanukkah but was soon moved to Shavuot.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35795/file/105067#t=1260.0,1290.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35795/file/105067/annotation_set/406/annotation/345","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe Standard Club is an exclusive and upscale country club in Atlanta, founded by German Jews in 1867.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35795/file/105067#t=1290.0,1320.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35795/file/105067/annotation_set/406/annotation/346","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eBallyhoo was a type of “coming out” party for upper middle-class Jewish society in Atlanta in the 1930s.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35795/file/105067#t=1290.0,1320.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35795/file/105067/annotation_set/406/annotation/347","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eWorld War II was a global war that lasted from 1939 to 1945. The vast majority of the world’s countries eventually formed two opposing military alliances: the Allies and the Axis. By the end of the war, more than half of the Jewish population of Europe had been killed by the Nazis (political party of the mass movement known as National Socialism, an extreme racist and authoritarian group) in the Holocaust.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35795/file/105067#t=1410.0,1440.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35795/file/105067/annotation_set/406/annotation/348","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eReform Judaism is a liberal strand of Judaism characterized by a lesser stress on ritual and personal observance, a regard for Jewish Law as non-binding and the individual Jew as autonomous, and an openness to external influences and progressive values. The origins of Reform Judaism come from 19th-century Germany.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35795/file/105067#t=1560.0,1590.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35795/file/105067/annotation_set/406/annotation/349","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eAlfred Weinstein’s book, The Barbed Wire Surgeon, is a bestselling memoir that tells the story of soldier in a Prisoner of War camp in Japan, during World War II.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35795/file/105067#t=1650.0,1680.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35795/file/105067/annotation_set/406/annotation/350","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eBrothers Morris and Emanuel Rich—Jewish Hungarian immigrants—founded Rich’s Department Store in 1867. The store came to symbolize the retail shopping experience in Atlanta during the twentieth century and was known for its commitment to customers and strong sense of civic responsibility. Rich’s merged with Macy’s Department stores in 2003.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35795/file/105067#t=1740.0,1770.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35795/file/105067/annotation_set/406/annotation/351","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eInitially an Orthodox congregation, Ahavath Achim (AA) began to shift to Conservatism, which they joined in 1952.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35795/file/105067#t=1800.0,1830.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35795/file/105067/annotation_set/406/annotation/352","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe Jewish Progressive Club in Atlanta was a social organization established in 1913 by Russian Jews who felt unwelcome at the Standard Club, where German Jews were predominant.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35795/file/105067#t=1830.0,1860.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35795/file/105067/annotation_set/406/annotation/353","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eAleph Zadik Aleph (AZA) is an international youth-led fraternal organization for Jewish teenage boys.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35795/file/105067#t=1830.0,1860.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35795/file/105067/annotation_set/406/annotation/354","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eAlfred Uhry, is a Pulitzer Prize, Academy Award, and Tony Award-winning playwright, lyricist, and screenwriter. He is best known for his play Driving Miss Daisy, which was adapted into a film. Uhry also authored The Last Night of Ballyhoo, a play about a close-knit Jewish family living comfortably in Atlanta, and a young Orthodox Jewish man who challenges the family’s abandonment of its Jewish heritage.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35795/file/105067#t=2070.0,2100.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35795/file/105067/annotation_set/406/annotation/355","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eMarshall J. “Buddy” Mantler was Executive Director of the National Association of Women’s and Children’s Apparel Salesmen (NAWCAS).\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35795/file/105067#t=2160.0,2190.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35795/file/105067/annotation_set/406/annotation/356","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eSamuel Allan Goldberg was the founder of Allan-Grayson Realty Company, one of the largest commercial real estate brokerage firms in Atlanta. The company managed many properties owned and developed by influential developer, Ben Massell.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35795/file/105067#t=2340.0,2370.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35795/file/105067/annotation_set/406/annotation/357","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eRabbi David Marx served at the Temple for 51 years from 1895 until his retirement in 1946. He espoused strong classical Reform Jewish practices and began a long-standing tradition of Temple rabbis reaching out to the larger non-Jewish community.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35795/file/105067#t=2910.0,2940.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35795/file/105067/annotation_set/406/annotation/358","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eRabbi Jacob Rothschild served the Temple for 27 years from 1946 until his death in 1973. During that time, he established close relationships with many of Atlanta’s Christian clergy, and distinguished himself as a charismatic spokesperson for civil rights.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35795/file/105067#t=2970.0,3000.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35795/file/105067/annotation_set/406/annotation/359","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eCross burning is a practice associated with racism. The Ku Klux Klan (KKK), a white supremacist group, burned crosses close to the homes of people they wanted to intimidate, most often African-Americans and Jews.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35795/file/105067#t=3750.0,3780.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35795/file/105067/annotation_set/406/annotation/360","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eA.T. Walden was an African American lawyer in Atlanta who worked on many civil rights cases, campaigns for voter registration by African Americans, and building collaboration with the White power structure. In 1964 he was appointed by the mayor of Atlanta as a municipal judge, the first Black judge to be appointed in the State of Georgia since Reconstruction.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35795/file/105067#t=3870.0,3900.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35795/file/105067/annotation_set/406/annotation/361","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eMiles Amos was a pharmacist and drugstore owner in Atlanta, and active participant in the city’s civic and political circles. 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She was also active in the movement to eliminate the “county unit system” in statewide voting.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35795/file/105067#t=3900.0,3930.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35795/file/105067/annotation_set/406/annotation/363","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eWilliam Hartsfield, Sr. served as the 49th and 51st mayor of Atlanta. He was a native Atlantan and the longest-running mayor of the city. It was under his direction that Atlanta became a world-class city and the “City Too Busy To Hate.”\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35795/file/105067#t=3930.0,3960.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35795/file/105067/annotation_set/406/annotation/364","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eIvan Allen, Jr. was a businessman who served two terms as the 52nd Mayor of Atlanta during the turbulent civil rights era of the 1960s.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35795/file/105067#t=3990.0,4020.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35795/file/105067/annotation_set/406/annotation/365","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eMilton Morton “Muggsy” Smith was a member of the Georgia House of Representatives for Fulton County, Georgia from 1947-1960. He advocated for keeping Georgia public schools open during the period of de-segregation, and ran unsuccessfully for mayor in 1961 and 1965.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35795/file/105067#t=4020.0,4050.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35795/file/105067/annotation_set/406/annotation/366","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eLee Evans was an Atlanta politician who served over a decade on the Board of Aldermen and as Mayor Pro Tem (vice-mayor).\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35795/file/105067#t=4050.0,4080.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35795/file/105067/annotation_set/406/annotation/367","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eHelen Bullard was a public relations and advertising professional who worked on the electoral campaigns of Atlanta mayors Hartsfield, Allen, and Massell. She founded Helen Bullard Associates, the first female-owned PR firm in Atlanta in 1968, and was hired by the Atlanta Housing Authority in the 1970s to help with tenant relations.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35795/file/105067#t=4110.0,4140.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35795/file/105067/annotation_set/406/annotation/368","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eSidney J. Marcus was a Georgia legislator from Atlanta’s 26th district (now the 106th district). He served in the Georgia House of Representatives from 1968 until 1983.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35795/file/105067#t=4110.0,4140.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35795/file/105067/annotation_set/406/annotation/369","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe Black Power movement, beginning in the 1960s, was a social movement motivated by a desire for safety and self-sufficiency that was not available inside African American neighborhoods. Black Power activists founded Black-owned bookstores, food cooperatives, farms, media, printing presses, schools, clinics and ambulance services.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35795/file/105067#t=4290.0,4320.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35795/file/105067/annotation_set/406/annotation/370","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe Atlanta Journal Constitution (The AJC) is the only major daily newspaper in the metro Atlanta area; it is the flagship publication of Cox Enterprises.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35795/file/105067#t=4530.0,4560.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35795/file/105067/annotation_set/406/annotation/371","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eSamuel Scott Olens is an attorney and politician who served as Attorney General of Georgia from 2010 to 2016; he left office to become President of Kennesaw State University.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35795/file/105067#t=4530.0,4560.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35795/file/105067/annotation_set/406/annotation/372","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe Civil Rights Movement (1954-1968) was a movement by African Americans to end legalized racial discrimination, disenfranchisement, and racial segregation in the United States.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35795/file/105067#t=4620.0,4650.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35795/file/105067/annotation_set/406/annotation/373","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eLonnie C. King Jr. was an African American civil rights leader who, beginning in 1960, launched the Atlanta Student Movement, wrote the Appeal for Human Rights, and subsequently started the Committee on Appeal for Human Rights.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35795/file/105067#t=4800.0,4830.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35795/file/105067/annotation_set/406/annotation/374","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eHosea Williams was an African American civil rights leader, activist, ordained minister, businessman, philanthropist, scientist, and politician. He was a trusted member of the inner circle of famous civil rights activist and Nobel Peace Prize winner, Dr. Martin Luther King Jr.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35795/file/105067#t=4800.0,4830.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35795/file/105067/annotation_set/406/annotation/375","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eJesse Hill Jr. was an African American civil rights activist in the civic and business communities of Atlanta for more than five decades. He was president and CEO of the Atlanta Life Insurance Company from 1973 to 1992, and was the first African American to be elected president of a chamber of commerce in a major city.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35795/file/105067#t=4800.0,4830.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35795/file/105067/annotation_set/406/annotation/376","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eIn 1987, Hosea Williams confronted the Ku Klux Klan (KKK) as he led a march of 20,000 people to protest racism in segregated Forsyth County, Georgia.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35795/file/105067#t=4830.0,4860.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35795/file/105067/annotation_set/406/annotation/377","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe National Association for the Advancement of Colored People (NAACP) is an American civil rights organization formed in 1909 as an interracial endeavor to advance justice for African Americans.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35795/file/105067#t=4890.0,4920.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35795/file/105067/annotation_set/406/annotation/378","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe Ansley Hotel was built in 1913 by Edwin P. Ansley, who also developed Ansley Park in Atlanta. The building was located on the 100 block of Forsyth Street. In 1953, the Ansley was sold to the Dinkler hotel chain and was re-named the Dinkler Plaza Hotel.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35795/file/105067#t=4920.0,4950.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35795/file/105067/annotation_set/406/annotation/379","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe Birth of a Nation, originally called The Clansman, is a 1915 American silent film directed by D. W. Griffith. The controversial film portrays African Americans as unintelligent and sexually aggressive toward White women, and the Ku Klux Klan (KKK) as an heroic force necessary to preserve American values and a white supremacist social order.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35795/file/105067#t=4950.0,4980.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35795/file/105067/annotation_set/406/annotation/380","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe Hippie Movement and Flower Children refer to idealistic young people who originally gathered in San Francisco and the surrounding area during the “Summer of Love” in 1967. Their floral-themed decorations symbolized ideals of universal belonging, peace, and love. Flower Children were also associated with the Flower Power political movement, which originated in ideas written by Allen Ginsberg in 1965.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35795/file/105067#t=5010.0,5040.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35795/file/105067/annotation_set/406/annotation/381","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eShriners International, commonly known as The Shriners, is a Masonic society best known for the Shriners Hospitals for Children that it administers, and the red fezzes that members wear.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35795/file/105067#t=5130.0,5160.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35795/file/105067/annotation_set/406/annotation/382","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe “Blue Flu” is a type of de facto police strike in which a large group of officers simultaneously call in “sick”.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35795/file/105067#t=5190.0,5220.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35795/file/105067/annotation_set/406/annotation/383","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eLeb’s Restaurant was a New York-style delicatessen on the corner of Luckie and Forsyth Streets in downtown Atlanta. Like all restaurants in downtown, Leb’s was White-only. Starting in 1963, it became the site of a series of sit-ins and protests by civil rights activists, and by early 1964, both integrationists and segregationists were picketing Leb’s and several other restaurants in the area.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35795/file/105067#t=5250.0,5280.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35795/file/105067/annotation_set/406/annotation/384","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eA sit-in involves one or more people occupying an area for a protest, often to promote political, social, or economic change. The protestors gather conspicuously in a space or building, refusing to move until their demands are met.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35795/file/105067#t=5280.0,5310.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35795/file/105067/annotation_set/406/annotation/385","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eFederal and state laws protect designated groups from discrimination in places of public accommodations, based on the premise that everyone is entitled to enjoy the goods and services of the public accommodation on an equal basis.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35795/file/105067#t=5430.0,5460.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35795/file/105067/annotation_set/406/annotation/386","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eHerbert Turner Jenkins was a law enforcement official and the longest-serving police chief of Atlanta.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35795/file/105067#t=5760.0,5790.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35795/file/105067/annotation_set/406/annotation/387","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eSenator Horace Tate’s political career includes being the first African-American candidate to seek the office of Mayor of Atlanta in 1969. In that same year, he served as Director of the National Education Association.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35795/file/105067#t=6180.0,6210.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35795/file/105067/annotation_set/406/annotation/388","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eMaynard Holbrook Jackson, Jr. was a member of the Democratic party and the first Black mayor of Atlanta, serving three terms from 1974-1982, and 1990-1994.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35795/file/105067#t=6240.0,6270.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35795/file/105067/annotation_set/406/annotation/389","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eRalph Emerson McGill was a journalist, best known as an anti-segregationist editor and publisher of the Atlanta Constitution. He won a Pulitzer Prize for editorial writing in 1959. His son, Ralph Emerson McGill, Jr., was an Atlanta advertising copywriter.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35795/file/105067#t=6330.0,6360.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35795/file/105067/annotation_set/406/annotation/390","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe Metropolitan Atlanta Rapid Transit Authority (MARTA) is the principal public transport operator in the Atlanta metropolitan area. Formed in 1971 as strictly a bus system, MARTA grew to include a network of bus routes linked to a rapid transit system.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35795/file/105067#t=6510.0,6540.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35795/file/105067/annotation_set/406/annotation/391","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eRev. Martin Luther King Sr. (“Daddy King”) was an African American Baptist pastor, missionary, and an early figure in the Civil Rights Movement. 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He was the first African American state senator to be elected to the legislature in more than fifty years.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35795/file/105067#t=7050.0,7080.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35795/file/105067/annotation_set/406/annotation/393","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe Omni Coliseum was an indoor arena completed in 1972 in downtown Atlanta. It was part of the Omni Complex, now known as the CNN Center.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35795/file/105067#t=7830.0,7860.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35795/file/105067/annotation_set/406/annotation/394","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eLester Maddox was the controversial 75th Governor of Georgia from 1967-1971. He was a staunch segregationist and racist. When Dr. Martin Luther King Jr. was assassinated, he denied the slain civil rights leader the honor of lying in state in the Georgia state capitol.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35795/file/105067#t=8070.0,8100.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35795/file/105067/annotation_set/406/annotation/395","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eMohammed Kasim Reed is an attorney and former politician who was the 59th Mayor of Atlanta from 2010 - 2018.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35795/file/105067#t=8520.0,8550.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35795/file/105067/annotation_set/406/annotation/396","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eWilliam “Bill” Craig Campbell served as the 57th Mayor of Atlanta from 1994–2002. He was the third African American mayor in the city’s history. Accused of corruption during his time in office, he was convicted for tax evasion in 2006 and spent 16 months in Federal prison.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35795/file/105067#t=8730.0,8760.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35795/file/105067/annotation_set/406/annotation/397","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eShirley Clarke Franklin is a member of the Democratic Party who served as the 58th mayor of Atlanta from 2002-2010. 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