{"@context":"http://iiif.io/api/presentation/3/context.json","id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/iiif/7d2q52fp8k/manifest","type":"Manifest","label":{"en":["Greenblat, Hershel"]},"logo":"https://d9jk7wjtjpu5g.cloudfront.net/organizations/logo_images/000/000/082/original/TheBreman_SecondaryMark_Horizontal_Blue_Black.png?1713640889","metadata":[{"label":{"en":["Date"]},"value":{"en":["2018-05-04 (creation)"]}},{"label":{"en":["Format"]},"value":{"en":["Video"]}},{"label":{"en":["Source"]},"value":{"en":["William Breman Jewish Heritage Museum","Esther and Herbert Taylor Oral History Collection"]}},{"label":{"en":["Publisher"]},"value":{"en":["William Breman Jewish Heritage Museum"]}},{"label":{"en":["Description"]},"value":{"en":["\u003cp\u003eHershel Greenblat interviewed by Sara Ghitis on May 4, 2018 in Atlanta, Georgia.\u003c/p\u003e (general)","\u003cp\u003eHershel Greenblat was born as Grisha Grinblat in Ukraine in 1941. The first year of his life was spent hiding in a cave with his parents. When the German invasion of the Soviet Union began, Hershel’s family moved frequently to avoid capture. Eventually, they settled in a city in eastern Ukraine under false identities and a younger sister was born. Hershel’s father was arrested by the Soviets around 1944 and spent the remainder of the war in prison.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eAt the end of World War II, Hershel’s father was released from prison and the family decided to flee Communist controlled Ukraine. Life for Hershel and his family changed dramatically when they arrived in the American controlled zone of Austria. For five years, they lived in displaced persons camps, where they began to resume a normal life and another sister was born. In 1950, they received permission to immigrate to the United States and settled in Atlanta, Georgia.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eHershel attended school and helped his father operate a small grocery store. After high school, Hershel began a career in retail management and sales. He married and had two sons. Today, Hershel devotes much of his time speaking to school children about his family’s experiences and teaching the lessons of tolerance he took from the Holocaust.\u003c/p\u003e (bioghist)","\u003cp\u003eThe interview begins with Hershel’s recount of his parent’s lives until his birth. Hershel explains how his family hid in caves and cities in eastern Ukraine throughout the war. He recounts his family’s journey to American-controlled Austria after the war and life in DP camps. Hershel describes arriving in America and coming to Atlanta. He outlines his school years, meeting his wife and beginning his career. Hershel talks about his grandchildren and a trip to Israel. He reflects on why sharing his family’s experience is important to him.\u003c/p\u003e (scope content)"]}},{"label":{"en":["Source Metadata URI"]},"value":{"en":["https://archivesspace.thebreman.org/repositories/2/archival_objects/27925"]}},{"label":{"en":["Rights Statement"]},"value":{"en":["\u003cp\u003eAll rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, recorded by any information storage and retrieval system, without the express written consent of the William Breman Jewish Heritage Museum.\u003c/p\u003e"]}},{"label":{"en":["Subject"]},"value":{"en":["Holocaust (topical term)","Ukraine (geographic term)","Cave (topical term)","Resistance (topical term)","World War II (topical term)","Atlanta (Ga.) (geographic term)"]}}],"summary":{"en":["\u003cp\u003eHershel Greenblat interviewed by Sara Ghitis on May 4, 2018 in Atlanta, Georgia.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eHershel Greenblat was born as Grisha Grinblat in Ukraine in 1941. The first year of his life was spent hiding in a cave with his parents. When the German invasion of the Soviet Union began, Hershel’s family moved frequently to avoid capture. Eventually, they settled in a city in eastern Ukraine under false identities and a younger sister was born. Hershel’s father was arrested by the Soviets around 1944 and spent the remainder of the war in prison.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eAt the end of World War II, Hershel’s father was released from prison and the family decided to flee Communist controlled Ukraine. Life for Hershel and his family changed dramatically when they arrived in the American controlled zone of Austria. For five years, they lived in displaced persons camps, where they began to resume a normal life and another sister was born. In 1950, they received permission to immigrate to the United States and settled in Atlanta, Georgia.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eHershel attended school and helped his father operate a small grocery store. After high school, Hershel began a career in retail management and sales. He married and had two sons. Today, Hershel devotes much of his time speaking to school children about his family’s experiences and teaching the lessons of tolerance he took from the Holocaust.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe interview begins with Hershel’s recount of his parent’s lives until his birth. Hershel explains how his family hid in caves and cities in eastern Ukraine throughout the war. He recounts his family’s journey to American-controlled Austria after the war and life in DP camps. Hershel describes arriving in America and coming to Atlanta. He outlines his school years, meeting his wife and beginning his career. Hershel talks about his grandchildren and a trip to Israel. He reflects on why sharing his family’s experience is important to him.\u003c/p\u003e"]},"requiredStatement":{"label":{"en":["Attribution"]},"value":{"en":["\u003cp\u003eAll rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, recorded by any information storage and retrieval system, without the express written consent of the William Breman Jewish Heritage Museum.\u003c/p\u003e"]}},"provider":[{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/aboutus","type":"Agent","label":{"en":["William Breman Jewish Heritage Museum"]},"homepage":[{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/","type":"Text","label":{"en":["William Breman Jewish Heritage Museum"]},"format":"text/html"}],"logo":[{"id":"https://d9jk7wjtjpu5g.cloudfront.net/organizations/logo_images/000/000/082/original/TheBreman_SecondaryMark_Horizontal_Blue_Black.png?1713640889","type":"Image"}]}],"thumbnail":[{"id":"https://d9jk7wjtjpu5g.cloudfront.net/collection_resource_files/thumbnails/000/093/573/small/Greenblat_Hershel.mp4_1593400286.jpg?1593385895","type":"Image","format":"image/jpeg"}],"items":[{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/26236/file/93573","type":"Canvas","label":{"en":["Media File 1 of 1 - Greenblat_Hershel.mp4"]},"duration":5456.035,"width":640,"height":360,"thumbnail":[{"id":"https://d9jk7wjtjpu5g.cloudfront.net/collection_resource_files/thumbnails/000/093/573/small/Greenblat_Hershel.mp4_1593400286.jpg?1593385895","type":"Image","format":"image/jpeg"}],"items":[{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/26236/file/93573/content/1","type":"AnnotationPage","items":[{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/26236/file/93573/content/1/annotation/1","type":"Annotation","motivation":"painting","body":{"id":"https://aviary-p-thebreman.s3.wasabisys.com/collection_resource_files/resource_files/000/093/573/original/Greenblat_Hershel.mp4?1593385885","type":"Video","format":"video/mp4","duration":5456.035,"width":640,"height":360},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/26236/file/93573","metadata":[]}]}],"annotations":[{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/26236/file/93573/transcript/18533","type":"AnnotationPage","label":{"en":["Hershel Greenblat [Transcript]"]},"items":[{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/26236/file/93573/transcript/18533/annotation/1","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"GHITIS: Today is May 4, 2018. We are at the Breman Jewish Heritage Museum in\nAtlanta, [Georgia,] interviewing Mr. Hershel Greenblat for the Taylor Oral\nHistory Project. My name is Sara Ghitis. Mr. Greenblat, ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/26236/file/93573#t=0.0,30.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/26236/file/93573/transcript/18533/annotation/2","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"could you tell me when\nand where you were born?\n\nGREENBLAT: I was born April 24, 1941 outside the city of Kremenchuk [Ukraine],\nunderground in some caves.\n\nGHITIS: Where was the city?\n\nGREENBLAT: Kremenchuk is in Ukraine. It's ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/26236/file/93573#t=30.0,60.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/26236/file/93573/transcript/18533/annotation/3","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"southeast of Kiev, about 150 miles\nfrom Kiev.\n\nGHITIS: What name were you given when you were born?\n\nGREENBLAT: The name I was given was Grisha when I was born.\n\nGHITIS: Do you know if you were named after someone?\n\nGREENBLAT: I was named after my grandmother.\n\nGHITIS: Was your last name the same as it ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/26236/file/93573#t=60.0,90.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/26236/file/93573/transcript/18533/annotation/4","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"is now?\n\nGREENBLAT: Yes, Greenblat. It was spelled differently [Grinblat].\n\nGHITIS: What were the names of your parents? What was your father's name?\n\nGREENBLAT: My father's name was Abraham. My mother, her name was Malka. Her last\nname was Mucznik.\n\nGHITIS: Where were they born?\n\nGREENBLAT: ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/26236/file/93573#t=90.0,120.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/26236/file/93573/transcript/18533/annotation/5","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"My mother was born in the city of Kremenchuk in the Ukraine. My\nfather was born in Lublin, Poland.\n\nGHITIS: Do you know what brought them to this area?\n\nGREENBLAT: That's where their families lived for generations.\n\nGHITIS: What do you know about your ancestry before your parents?\n\nGREENBLAT: I really don't know ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/26236/file/93573#t=120.0,150.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/26236/file/93573/transcript/18533/annotation/6","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"much about that. The only thing . . . I heard\nstories about my grandparents.\n\nGHITIS: Such as?\n\nGREENBLAT: My father's father was a tailor. He had a little shop in Lublin. He\nwas also the shammash of the ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/26236/file/93573#t=150.0,180.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/26236/file/93573/transcript/18533/annotation/7","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"synagogue. As far as I know, my grandmother just .\n. . There were sixteen children in the family, so I guess she had her hands full\nwith that.\n\nGHITIS: Do you remember any stories your parents told you about their lives\nbefore the war?\n\nGREENBLAT: Not really. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/26236/file/93573#t=180.0,210.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/26236/file/93573/transcript/18533/annotation/8","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"My father told me that he went to school in Lublin.\nThat's about all he told me. My mother really never talked about her childhood.\n\nGHITIS: Do you know what your father's occupation was before the war?\n\nGREENBLAT: He was a student. He was only nineteen years old.\n\nGHITIS: When the war started?\n\nGREENBLAT: When the war ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/26236/file/93573#t=210.0,240.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/26236/file/93573/transcript/18533/annotation/9","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"started, yes.\n\nGHITIS: Let us go to the Holocaust years. I heard you say that you were born in\na cave?\n\nGREENBLAT: Yes.\n\nGHITIS: How did that happen?\n\nGREENBLAT: My mother was part of an underground resistance group in the Ukraine.\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/26236/file/93573#t=240.0,270.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/26236/file/93573/transcript/18533/annotation/10","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"That's where they hid--underground caves. She said that I was born . . . She\ngave birth to me in the caves.\n\nGHITIS: How did it happen that your parents went to a cave?\n\nGREENBLAT: That's where they were hiding. That's all that they told me. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/26236/file/93573#t=270.0,300.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/26236/file/93573/transcript/18533/annotation/11","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"My\nfather actually left his home in Poland in late October of 1939 because he was\nbeing hunted by the SS. He was in the Underground in the ghetto in Lublin\n[Poland]. He escaped across the border into ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/26236/file/93573#t=300.0,330.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/26236/file/93573/transcript/18533/annotation/12","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Ukraine, and found his way to the\ntown of Kremenchuk, and that's where they met.\n\nGHITIS: The town was under German control?\n\nGREENBLAT: No, at the time it was still under Russian control.\n\nGHITIS: Soviet?\n\nGREENBLAT: Yes, Soviet control [in] 1939 [and] 1940.\n\nGHITIS: Continue with the story.\n\nGREENBLAT: ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/26236/file/93573#t=330.0,360.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/26236/file/93573/transcript/18533/annotation/13","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Okay. My father met with my mother's group in Ukraine. That was in\nearly 1940. My father was nineteen years old and my mother, I believe, was\neighteen. They got to know each other and they were ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/26236/file/93573#t=360.0,390.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/26236/file/93573/transcript/18533/annotation/14","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"married in the early summer\nof 1940. Then I was born about ten months later.\n\nGHITIS: Do you know what the circumstances of life were inside the cave? Were\nthere other people living there?\n\nGREENBLAT: There were other people in the caves. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/26236/file/93573#t=390.0,420.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/26236/file/93573/transcript/18533/annotation/15","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I was an infant so I don't . .\n. My mother said it was dark, cold. They had to come out for food. Some of the\nparts of the cave were wide open; some were very closed in. She kind of just\ngeneralized everything for me.\n\nGHITIS: Do you know any details of how they ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/26236/file/93573#t=420.0,450.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/26236/file/93573/transcript/18533/annotation/16","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"were able to get food and provisions?\n\nGREENBLAT: Food, they went out and got food from locals. My mother told me . . .\nShe didn't talk very much. She didn't tell me very much about their lives ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/26236/file/93573#t=450.0,480.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/26236/file/93573/transcript/18533/annotation/17","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"before\nI was born.\n\nGHITIS: Do you know how much the local population knew about the people that\nwere hiding in the caves?\n\nGREENBLAT: Again, she really didn't talk that much about it. I'll be honest with\nyou, I don't know. She said that they hid there in the caves, ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/26236/file/93573#t=480.0,510.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/26236/file/93573/transcript/18533/annotation/18","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"came out and . . .\nresistance as far as against the Russian police, the Russian . . . and some of\nthe locals also persecuted them also. That's something that I . . .\n\nGHITIS: This was at the time when the ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/26236/file/93573#t=510.0,540.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/26236/file/93573/transcript/18533/annotation/19","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Russians--the Soviet Union--had a pact\nwith Germany?\n\nGREENBLAT: Yes.\n\nGHITIS: They were supporting the Germans?\n\nGREENBLAT: Yes. My mother said that they were fighting against Russian police.\nThey would go out for food and supplies. Each family ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/26236/file/93573#t=540.0,570.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/26236/file/93573/transcript/18533/annotation/20","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"kind of had to take care of themselves.\n\nGHITIS: How old were you were you when the family left the cave?\n\nGREENBLAT: We left the caves after my mother was wounded. She was wounded by\nsome stray shrapnel from some sort of a vehicle that blew ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/26236/file/93573#t=570.0,600.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/26236/file/93573/transcript/18533/annotation/21","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"up. I have no idea if\nit was German [or] Russian. My mother was wounded in the upper part of her right\nleg. My father, having to get her medical attention, decided . . . He actually\nleft me in the cave for about eight weeks. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/26236/file/93573#t=600.0,630.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/26236/file/93573/transcript/18533/annotation/22","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Then they came back after she was . .\n. They came back and she told me she had crutches, bandaged up. She had a about\na ten or twelve inch wound in her upper right leg. After they came back, my\nparents felt that they were really not going to be able to help much. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/26236/file/93573#t=630.0,660.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/26236/file/93573/transcript/18533/annotation/23","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"She was on\ncrutches, she was wounded, and she was in pain. At that point, they decided to\ntake me and leave.\n\nGHITIS: Do you know what year that was?\n\nGREENBLAT: That was in early 1942, spring of 1942.\n\nGHITIS: You were . . .\n\nGREENBLAT: Not quite a year old.\n\nGHITIS: ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/26236/file/93573#t=660.0,690.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/26236/file/93573/transcript/18533/annotation/24","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"What happened after that?\n\nGREENBLAT: They decide to leave. They went even further east into an area of\nUkraine, to a city called Krasnodon. They decided they were going to . . . My\nfather said they destroyed their identification, ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/26236/file/93573#t=690.0,720.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/26236/file/93573/transcript/18533/annotation/25","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"all their paperwork. They would\nnot speak any Yiddish. They just spoke mainly Russian. When they got to\nKrasnodon, my mom took odd jobs as a seamstress. She was still in pain. I kind\nof vaguely remember ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/26236/file/93573#t=720.0,750.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/26236/file/93573/transcript/18533/annotation/26","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"sleeping on the floor in people's basements next to a stove.\nI do remember that my mother said something about not touching the stove, and I\ndid, and I burned my hand. Just something . . . glimpses . . . what I remember.\n\nGHITIS: While your mother was working . . . She worked ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/26236/file/93573#t=750.0,780.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/26236/file/93573/transcript/18533/annotation/27","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"inside the house?\n\nGREENBLAT: Yes. No, she worked for other people. We moved around.\n\nGHITIS: Who took care of you?\n\nGREENBLAT: My mother.\n\nGHITIS: While she worked?\n\nGREENBLAT: I don't . . . She just said she's the one who took care of me.\n\nGHITIS: What did your father do?\n\nGREENBLAT: My father took a job with the ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/26236/file/93573#t=780.0,810.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/26236/file/93573/transcript/18533/annotation/28","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Russian army in a bakery. They didn't\nknow that he was Jewish.\n\nGHITIS: Under a false identity?\n\nGREENBLAT: Yes, under a false identity. He took a job. One day, he decided he\nwas going to take a . . . At the bakery, there was a lot of baking bread. He\ndecided he was going to take some bread home to his family. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/26236/file/93573#t=810.0,840.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/26236/file/93573/transcript/18533/annotation/29","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"He got caught and he\nwas put in prison by the Russians. He spent pretty much the rest of . . . That\nwas in March of 1943. [He] was put in prison and spent the rest of the war in a\nRussian prison camp.\n\nGHITIS: By this time, the Russians were Allies already?\n\nGREENBLAT: ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/26236/file/93573#t=840.0,870.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/26236/file/93573/transcript/18533/annotation/30","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Yes.\n\nGHITIS: Anything else your father told you about his time in prison?\n\nGREENBLAT: The one picture I have was taken of him and our family. I could tell\nhe was very [malnourished]. He was very ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/26236/file/93573#t=870.0,900.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/26236/file/93573/transcript/18533/annotation/31","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"thin. He was very sick when he got out.\nHe didn't really tell me much about [it].\n\nGHITIS: Is this city still in Ukraine?\n\nGREENBLAT: It's in the north. I think so, yes.\n\nGHITIS: What happened next?\n\nGREENBLAT: After the war . . . A month after my father was ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/26236/file/93573#t=900.0,930.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/26236/file/93573/transcript/18533/annotation/32","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"imprisoned . . . My\nmother was pregnant with my sister, Anne. My sister, Anne, was born in\nKrasnodon. She took care of the two of us. Again, it just seems impossible, but\nhow she did it . . . You really had to know her. She was very strong willed. She\nwas strong of character. Her main ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/26236/file/93573#t=930.0,960.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/26236/file/93573/transcript/18533/annotation/33","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"concern was her children and that's the way\nshe was until the day she passed away. How she did it? I often asked her and she\nkind of shrugged her shoulders. She said, \"I had to.\"\n\nMy father was released after the war ended. At that point, there were about 20\nfamilies in that area hiding together. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/26236/file/93573#t=960.0,990.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/26236/file/93573/transcript/18533/annotation/34","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"They decided . . . because of Communism,\nand the Iron Curtain, and Stalin, Jews were going to be persecuted in Russia.\nThey decided they were going to escape. [They] were able to get ahold of a\ncouple of cattle cars. My mother wrote ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/26236/file/93573#t=990.0,1020.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/26236/file/93573/transcript/18533/annotation/35","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"down the number of people. She said it\nwas a little over 210 people that left on those two cattle cars. There were 32\nchildren, she said. They had a destination. They wanted to cross into Austria\nbecause there was a DP camp, a displaced persons camp ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/26236/file/93573#t=1020.0,1050.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/26236/file/93573/transcript/18533/annotation/36","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"outside of Salzburg,\nAustria. That's really my first memory. I do remember that morning that we got\nto the DP camp.\n\nGHITIS: What was the name of the camp?\n\nGREENBLAT: The camp was called Beth Bialik. I think it was an old Germany army\ncamp. There was a lot of destruction. I would ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/26236/file/93573#t=1050.0,1080.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/26236/file/93573/transcript/18533/annotation/37","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"say more than half of the barracks\nwere destroyed. A lot of them were . . . There was a lot of patching going on by\nAmerican soldiers or workers.\n\nWe got off the train. We were on that train for almost nine weeks because we\ncould only travel under ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/26236/file/93573#t=1080.0,1110.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/26236/file/93573/transcript/18533/annotation/38","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"darkness.\n\nGHITIS: You travelled east to west?\n\nGREENBLAT: From Krosnaureer . . . From east to west, yes.\n\nGHITIS: Yes. You started saying you traveled mostly at night?\n\nGREENBLAT: Mostly at night. That's why it took us so long. A few of the . . .\nThere were a few elderly people that did pass away. They really ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/26236/file/93573#t=1110.0,1140.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/26236/file/93573/transcript/18533/annotation/39","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"didn't have time\nto bury anybody. The bodies were kind of . . . We were sleeping with . . . I was\nfive years old. It was . . . As far as human needs, we just sat right there on\nthe train. At night, we could ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/26236/file/93573#t=1140.0,1170.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/26236/file/93573/transcript/18533/annotation/40","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"get out, and go underneath the train, and go to\nthe bathroom. My sister, Anne, was very sick. She was about two years old.\n\nGHITIS: How did you get food?\n\nGREENBLAT: Again, during the night we would go into people's farms. I remember\nthere were a lot of ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/26236/file/93573#t=1170.0,1200.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/26236/file/93573/transcript/18533/annotation/41","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"beets and potatoes. Sometimes they weren't even cooked. They\nwere raw.\n\nGHITIS: Can you assume that there were local people helping?\n\nGREENBLAT: I don't know that locals were helping. I think mainly that my parents\nand some of the others, ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/26236/file/93573#t=1200.0,1230.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/26236/file/93573/transcript/18533/annotation/42","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"under darkness went in to farms and took whatever they\ncould take. There were a few days we didn't eat at all. My mother told me that\nthe night we crossed into Austria, the American nurses weighed all the children.\nShe ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/26236/file/93573#t=1230.0,1260.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/26236/file/93573/transcript/18533/annotation/43","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"said that I was five years old and I weighed just a little over 20 pounds.\nWe were covered in human feces. We didn't have a change of clothing because\nnobody took anything. There were no possessions ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/26236/file/93573#t=1260.0,1290.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/26236/file/93573/transcript/18533/annotation/44","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"to take.\n\n[They] tried to make sure we weren't going to be caught. I found out that during\nthat time, the Russians liked to lock the people trying to escape in the boxcars\nand just set the boxcars on fire. That's why it took us so ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/26236/file/93573#t=1290.0,1320.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/26236/file/93573/transcript/18533/annotation/45","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"long. My memories\nbecome very clear for some reason [on] that particular night when we crossed the\nborder into Austria.\n\nGHITIS: What's in your mind's eye when you think of crossing the border?\n\nGREENBLAT: My mind's eye is very vivid. They opened up the doors of the box car\nand there was a lot of . . . There were spot lights ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/26236/file/93573#t=1320.0,1350.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/26236/file/93573/transcript/18533/annotation/46","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"shining and a lot of\nAmerican soldiers standing there helping us down. They kind of hesitated\nbecause, like I said, we had feces, urine and lice and roaches. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/26236/file/93573#t=1350.0,1380.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/26236/file/93573/transcript/18533/annotation/47","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"It was not a\npretty sight.\n\nGHITIS: You said you were in boxcars?\n\nGREENBLAT: Yes, kind of like cattle cars.\n\nGHITIS: Cattle cars attached . . .\n\nGREENBLAT: Correct, two cattle cars attached to each other. Yes.\n\nGHITIS: You were very crowded?\n\nGREENBLAT: Yes. There were over 200 people in those two ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/26236/file/93573#t=1380.0,1410.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/26236/file/93573/transcript/18533/annotation/48","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"boxcars.\n\nGHITIS: What happened next, once you were in the DP camp?\n\nGREENBLAT: As soon they took us out of the boxcars and train, the girls were\nseparated from the boys. I remember my sister crying because my parents were\ntaken to another area. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/26236/file/93573#t=1410.0,1440.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/26236/file/93573/transcript/18533/annotation/49","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I guess for registration and identification or whatever.\nThey were told which barrack they were going to go [to]. I remember they gave my\ndad a couple blankets. Basically everybody took the blankets and hung them by a\nstring or something kind of [like a wall to indicate] this is where we [live].\n[In] ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/26236/file/93573#t=1440.0,1470.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/26236/file/93573/transcript/18533/annotation/50","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"the barracks, the floors were dirt. [There was] no heat.\n\nGHITIS: What month was it?\n\nGREENBLAT: That was in November 1945. They took us off, and got us cleaned up,\nand started . . .\n\nGHITIS: How were you cleaned up?\n\nGREENBLAT: They took the clothes off of us and washed us ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/26236/file/93573#t=1470.0,1500.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/26236/file/93573/transcript/18533/annotation/51","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"with washcloths. They\nsprayed us with a delousing powder. They had canisters that they pumped and\nsprayed us. The lice and everything kind of fell off us. They gave us some food.\nIt was maybe like cream of ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/26236/file/93573#t=1500.0,1530.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/26236/file/93573/transcript/18533/annotation/52","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"wheat, very bland type food.\n\nGHITIS: Yes, porridge.\n\nGREENBLAT: The kids were all scared. We wanted more food. We were thinking that\nwas all we were going to get. They very slowly gave us . . . We were there for\ntwo or three days. They gave us clean clothes. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/26236/file/93573#t=1530.0,1560.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/26236/file/93573/transcript/18533/annotation/53","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"If we needed antibiotics, if we\nhad sores, they had someone there.\n\nGHITIS: Were there other refugees?\n\nGREENBLAT: Yes, that's all there was--Jewish [refugees].\n\nGHITIS: You said you stayed there . . .\n\nGREENBLAT: The children stayed there. It was like an infirmary or hospital. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/26236/file/93573#t=1560.0,1590.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/26236/file/93573/transcript/18533/annotation/54","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I\nremember I had a very bad abscess on the back of my left leg. The doctors\ndrained [it]. I remember laying on my stomach and they drained the abscess. It\nwas very big. They seemed to be concerned about ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/26236/file/93573#t=1590.0,1620.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/26236/file/93573/transcript/18533/annotation/55","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"it, but . . . I was a little\nover five years old.\n\nThen we met up with our parents. We stayed inside one of the barracks--again,\nkind of in our own area that my father took--my little sister, and I, and my\nmother. She still was . . . She was always in a lot of pain. Her leg was . . .\nShe ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/26236/file/93573#t=1620.0,1650.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/26236/file/93573/transcript/18533/annotation/56","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"had surgery here a couple of times when we came to the United States, but it\ndidn't really help much.\n\nGHITIS: What did you do? Did you have any occupation--something to do--in the camp?\n\nGREENBLAT: They tried to organize Kindergartens, cheder . . . There were ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/26236/file/93573#t=1650.0,1680.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/26236/file/93573/transcript/18533/annotation/57","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"rabbis\nthere. They tried to give us as much of a normal life as possible, but there\nwere hundreds and hundreds of kids. There were people in line for food every\nmorning. [There were] people in line for food every evening. They tried ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/26236/file/93573#t=1680.0,1710.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/26236/file/93573/transcript/18533/annotation/58","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"to--we\nreally didn't have anything--find containers to put food in. It was like a total\nbeginning. The soldiers were very good to us. There were some people there I\nthink from the UN. It was a ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/26236/file/93573#t=1710.0,1740.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/26236/file/93573/transcript/18533/annotation/59","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"concentrated effort to bring people back to\nnormality. But this camp was mainly a transitional one. Once we got better, once\nwe looked like human beings, we were transferred. My little sister, Ethel, was\nborn there in 1946, ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/26236/file/93573#t=1740.0,1770.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/26236/file/93573/transcript/18533/annotation/60","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"in that camp. In late 1946, we were transferred to another\ncamp called Hallein, outside of Salzburg, Austria.\n\nGHITIS: I have a question. The refugees at this first camp: how many were Jewish?\n\nGREENBLAT: All of them, as far as I know. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/26236/file/93573#t=1770.0,1800.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/26236/file/93573/transcript/18533/annotation/61","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"It was very . . . trying to get the\nkids to go to cheder. If there were other nationalities [or religions], they\ncould have been in different parts of the camp.\n\nGHITIS: Did they come from different places in Europe?\n\nGREENBLAT: Yes. [There were] a lot of ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/26236/file/93573#t=1800.0,1830.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/26236/file/93573/transcript/18533/annotation/62","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"people that had been liberated from\nconcentration camps, a lot of people that came looking for family. This was\nright after the war. This was late 1945 and 1946. There were people that came\nthat looked worse than we did. It was not a luxurious time.\n\nI remember helping my mother [with] the ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/26236/file/93573#t=1830.0,1860.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/26236/file/93573/transcript/18533/annotation/63","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"pots and pans that we finally got. Our\nfirst Passover, which was I guess in the spring of 1946, she took all the pots\nand pans and whatever she had and they built a . . . dug a big hole in the\nground, lit a bunch of logs, and put a large ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/26236/file/93573#t=1860.0,1890.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/26236/file/93573/transcript/18533/annotation/64","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"cauldron [on it]. The water would\nboil. We took whatever pots and pans we had and tied them up in a burlap sack\nand put them in there. There was a rabbi there saying some sort of prayer so our\npots and pans were kept kosher for Passover.\n\nGHITIS: Your parents were quite observant in spite of the circumstances?\n\nGREENBLAT: Yes, they were very observant basically ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/26236/file/93573#t=1890.0,1920.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/26236/file/93573/transcript/18533/annotation/65","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"through our whole stay in the\ncamp, in both camps, and when we came to the United States, until I started\nschool. I had to eat school lunches.\n\nGHITIS: Did they respect the Sabbath or were they shomer Shabbat?\n\nGREENBLAT: In the camps?\n\nGHITIS: In general.\n\nGREENBLAT: Yes. In the camps, the first thing that ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/26236/file/93573#t=1920.0,1950.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/26236/file/93573/transcript/18533/annotation/66","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"was done, they opened up\nsynagogues. Some of the barracks were converted into synagogues. They had a\nmakeshift tabernacle [sanctuary]. They had Torahs. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/26236/file/93573#t=1950.0,1980.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/26236/file/93573/transcript/18533/annotation/67","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Friday afternoon, the camp\nbecame quiet. It was very surreal I remember. On Saturdays, people would walk\nand rest.\n\nThere would be some people . . . a shoemaker in a little corner that would start\nrepairing shoes or a barber. My parents' best friends that lived ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/26236/file/93573#t=1980.0,2010.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/26236/file/93573/transcript/18533/annotation/68","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"across the hall\nfrom us where we were, he was a barber--one of the few barbers in the camp. I\nremember them. Life sort of came back to normal.\n\nOnce we looked like human beings, we were transferred to Hallein. At Hallein, we\nactually had our own room. They gave us our own room.\n\nGHITIS: Who was in charge of this other camp? The Americans?\n\nGREENBLAT: The American government was pretty ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/26236/file/93573#t=2010.0,2040.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/26236/file/93573/transcript/18533/annotation/69","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"much in charge.\n\nGHITIS: Okay. How was this camp?\n\nGREENBLAT: This camp was very livable. Like I said, we had our own room. We had\na nice window. There was a door. They actually came in I remember and painted\nthe room for us, cleaned it up. My parents were able to get a ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/26236/file/93573#t=2040.0,2070.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/26236/file/93573/transcript/18533/annotation/70","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"mattress that was\non the floor on one side of the room. That's where they slept with my sister\nAnne. My sister Ethel was in a crib. We had a crib. I slept on the floor on the\nother side of the room.\n\nMy father somehow or other was able to get ahold of a stove that burned ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/26236/file/93573#t=2070.0,2100.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/26236/file/93573/transcript/18533/annotation/71","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"wood. We\nwere one of the few that had a stove because of my father's underground [black\nmarket] dealings. Some of the stuff that I feel that he did as far as the\nunderground . . . selling cigarettes and ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/26236/file/93573#t=2100.0,2130.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/26236/file/93573/transcript/18533/annotation/72","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"jewelry. He did whatever he had to do.\nHe did a pretty good job of it. Actually, we were pretty comfortable.\n\nGHITIS: What were your parents aiming at? Where did they want to end up?\n\nGREENBLAT: Eretz Yisrael.\n\nGHITIS: Eretz Yisrael?\n\nGREENBLAT: Yes. Everyone in the camp wanted to go to Israel. My mother had\nfamily that already was in Israel. She had two sisters that left ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/26236/file/93573#t=2130.0,2160.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/26236/file/93573/transcript/18533/annotation/73","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"in the early\n1930s from Ukraine and went to Israel--two older sisters. She had two sisters\nand two brothers.\n\nGHITIS: You were in the camp. Was there something ahead for you--a plan--to make\nit possible to go to Israel?\n\nGREENBLAT: There was a plan.\n\nGHITIS: How were you going to go about it?\n\nGREENBLAT: Again, just like everybody else ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/26236/file/93573#t=2160.0,2190.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/26236/file/93573/transcript/18533/annotation/74","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"after the war, [we thought] somehow\nwe were going to get on a ship and go to Israel. But we were told by the\nofficials that if we were waiting to go to Israel, it was going to be another\neight or ten years [because of] the British blockades. The declaration . . .\nIsrael declared their independence. There was a war. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/26236/file/93573#t=2190.0,2220.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/26236/file/93573/transcript/18533/annotation/75","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I remember my mother said\nthat officials came into the camp and announced that we could sign up to go to\nAmerica. My mother decided just to sign up. She just didn't want to stay in a DP\ncamp for another eight or ten years.\n\nGHITIS: Do you know what organization that was?\n\nGREENBLAT: That ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/26236/file/93573#t=2220.0,2250.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/26236/file/93573/transcript/18533/annotation/76","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"was again the United States Immigration and Naturalization\n[Service]. On my green card that I have a picture of--I had to relinquish that\nwhen I got my citizenship--it said it was the Immigration Act of 1940 something\nthat was ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/26236/file/93573#t=2250.0,2280.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/26236/file/93573/transcript/18533/annotation/77","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"signed I believe by President Truman. We had to go through the process.\nThat process took us almost three years.\n\nGHITIS: How long did you stay in the second camp?\n\nGREENBLAT: Our total in both camps . . . The first camp was from November of\n1945 until October or November of 1946. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/26236/file/93573#t=2280.0,2310.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/26236/file/93573/transcript/18533/annotation/78","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"We left Beth Bialik. I have a picture.\nMy mother said that picture was taken about two days before we left, and you can\nsee the snow on the ground. We left for Hallein. It was about ten miles away.\n\nGHITIS: You stayed how long?\n\nGREENBLAT: From 1946 . . . We ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/26236/file/93573#t=2310.0,2340.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/26236/file/93573/transcript/18533/annotation/79","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"left Hallein in late September of 1950. From\nthere, they told us we were ready to go. We went to a holding camp outside\nBremerhaven, Germany. We were in that holding camp for about two or three weeks.\nWe left Bremerhavan, Germany on an army ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/26236/file/93573#t=2340.0,2370.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/26236/file/93573/transcript/18533/annotation/80","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"transport ship on November 16, 1950.\n\nGHITIS: Do you remember what ship it was?\n\nGREENBLAT: The USS General Ballou. I remember that ship very vividly.\n\nGHITIS: What do you remember about the trip?\n\nGREENBLAT: When we first got on that ship, my mother and my sisters were in\nanother part of the ship. My mother was very ill. She never got out of bed ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/26236/file/93573#t=2370.0,2400.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/26236/file/93573/transcript/18533/annotation/81","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"on\nthat ship.\n\nGHITIS: She was seasick?\n\nGREENBLAT: Not seasick. Actually in pain. Her leg was . . . and seasick. My\nsisters were with her. My father and I were in another part of the ship. It was\njust stacked like bunks. My father took a job in the commissary or where they\ncooked. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/26236/file/93573#t=2400.0,2430.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/26236/file/93573/transcript/18533/annotation/82","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"He was very resourceful at making sure his family had food. I got\nseasick twice. I still remember that ship went up \u003cgestures with hand to show it\nwent up and down\u003e. It wasn't a cruise ship, but we had food. It was good. They\nhad places for kids to ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/26236/file/93573#t=2430.0,2460.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/26236/file/93573/transcript/18533/annotation/83","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"play. It was Navy personnel on the ship. It took us about\nten days.\n\nGHITIS: How was the arrival?\n\nGREENBLAT: I believe it was the twentieth-fifth of November, right before\nThanksgiving. I was ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/26236/file/93573#t=2460.0,2490.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/26236/file/93573/transcript/18533/annotation/84","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"asleep. My father came down and I was there. [He] woke me\nup. We went on deck with everybody else. It was a very cold morning. We saw the\nNew York [City] skyline and the Statue of Liberty. Everybody was crying and\ncheering. The soldiers were pointing at the Statue of Liberty, ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/26236/file/93573#t=2490.0,2520.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/26236/file/93573/transcript/18533/annotation/85","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"trying to get us\nto understand because we didn't . . .\n\nGHITIS: Were you able to get entry to the United States because you had a\nsponsor in America?\n\nGREENBLAT: No. I guess the Jewish Welfare Federation of Atlanta . . . Originally\nour papers said that we were ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/26236/file/93573#t=2520.0,2550.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/26236/file/93573/transcript/18533/annotation/86","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"going to New Castle, Indiana. The story I got from\nmy parents was that each state had a certain quota. The quota for Indiana closed\noff. I have my entry papers. On the bottom, it said where in Indiana and they\ncrossed it off, and we came to Atlanta by train.\n\nGHITIS: ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/26236/file/93573#t=2550.0,2580.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/26236/file/93573/transcript/18533/annotation/87","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"You got off the ship . . .\n\nGREENBLAT: Yes, we got off the ship. My parents got all of our green cards. My\nsisters and I were taken to kind of like a daycare area. There were toys. There\nwere Red Cross volunteers that came in with donuts and milk, and ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/26236/file/93573#t=2580.0,2610.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/26236/file/93573/transcript/18533/annotation/88","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"gave us little\ngift boxes, and made us feel [that] this was something that was going to be good.\n\nRight after we got all our papers, they put us on a train. None of us spoke\nEnglish. My father was given a bag with some food in it. I remember the jar of\nherring. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/26236/file/93573#t=2610.0,2640.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/26236/file/93573/transcript/18533/annotation/89","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"The next morning, the conductor comes over to us and asks if we want\nbreakfast, something to eat. He brought out bacon and eggs. That was not a\npretty sight. Then they told us we had to get off the train. That was in\nWashington, D.C.\n\nGHITIS: Did anyone eat the bacon and eggs?\n\nGREENBLAT: No. We didn't eat any of the eggs even because they were laying right\nnext to the bacon. It was . . . I think it was more funny. At the time . . .\n\nGHITIS: You got off the train in ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/26236/file/93573#t=2640.0,2670.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/26236/file/93573/transcript/18533/annotation/90","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Washington, D.C.?\n\nGREENBLAT: We had no idea where we were.\n\nGHITIS: Why did you get ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/26236/file/93573#t=2670.0,2700.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/26236/file/93573/transcript/18533/annotation/91","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"off?\n\nGREENBLAT: The conductor told us we had to get off. We were going to change\ntrains in Washington to go to Atlanta. We had no idea . . . Atlanta. It was\nUnion Station in Washington. We just stayed there. We had on our best\nGerman-type clothing. I had my lederhosen. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/26236/file/93573#t=2700.0,2730.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/26236/file/93573/transcript/18533/annotation/92","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"A GI walks over to us. My father just\nshoves our papers in his face. He looks and finally figures out what's going on.\nAbout a half hour later he gets us to the train to Atlanta. He gave my sisters\nand I some fruit. He had a package. He was on his way home for ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/26236/file/93573#t=2730.0,2760.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/26236/file/93573/transcript/18533/annotation/93","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Thanksgiving. He\nalso gave me a fifty-cent piece that I still have, that I treasure just as a reminder.\n\nGHITIS: How was it that the GI approached you? You were a family of five . . .\n\nGREENBLAT: Five, yes. For a while . . .\n\nGHITIS: Did you have any money?\n\nGREENBLAT: My father I think was given some money at Ellis Island, ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/26236/file/93573#t=2760.0,2790.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/26236/file/93573/transcript/18533/annotation/94","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"but [the\nsolider] kept looking over. He kept looking at us. He finally decided he was\ngoing to try to help.\n\nGHITIS: When you were there in the station, do you think your father had any\nidea what to do next?\n\nGREENBLAT: No. There was no one. I think it was one of the few times my father\nkind of was as lost as ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/26236/file/93573#t=2790.0,2820.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/26236/file/93573/transcript/18533/annotation/95","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"we were.\n\nGHITIS: This GI comes along . . .\n\nGREENBLAT: Right, [he] comes along and gets us on the right train for Atlanta.\nFrom Washington to Atlanta, the next day was Thanksgiving Day. We get to Atlanta\nand, I think if you looked back at the weather, it snowed that day in Atlanta.\nWe ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/26236/file/93573#t=2820.0,2850.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/26236/file/93573/transcript/18533/annotation/96","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"get to the station here in Atlanta and the train stops. We just sat there. We\nhad no idea where we were. If the train would have gone on, we would have gone\non because we had no idea. Finally after about an hour or so, Dr. Leon Rosen,\nwho was with the Jewish Welfare at the time, ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/26236/file/93573#t=2850.0,2880.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/26236/file/93573/transcript/18533/annotation/97","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"came on the train and took us off\nthe train. He said they had been looking for us for hours. [He] took us off the\ntrain and we got in a taxi. They took us to the Jefferson Hotel on . . . Pryor\nStreet, right across the street where [the Fulton County] Superior Court is now.\nThere was a hotel. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/26236/file/93573#t=2880.0,2910.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/26236/file/93573/transcript/18533/annotation/98","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I remember the room number. We were on the fifth floor [in]\nroom 510. We stayed there . . . We got there November 27. We got to Mrs.\nGoldwasser, who was our sponsor or the house where we lived, on December 10.\n\nGHITIS: Let us go back a little. You ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/26236/file/93573#t=2910.0,2940.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/26236/file/93573/transcript/18533/annotation/99","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"see Atlanta for the first time. Now you are\nan older kid. What did you see? What was the impression?\n\nGREENBLAT: We didn't see very much because we stayed in our hotel room. My\nparents wouldn't . . . We tried to go out. We had to find food. One day, my\nfather said that ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/26236/file/93573#t=2940.0,2970.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/26236/file/93573/transcript/18533/annotation/100","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"he saw a restaurant around the corner. The place was called\nThompson's . . . They had these places where they had food inside these little\n[cabinets] and you opened [the doors to serve yourself], but all they had were\nsalads. Then you had to order. They had a menu but we didn't know what to . . .\nWe ate salad for a few days. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/26236/file/93573#t=2970.0,3000.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/26236/file/93573/transcript/18533/annotation/101","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I didn't see much of the city at that time.\n\nGHITIS: Tell me again where the hotel was located.\n\nGREENBLAT: I think it's Pryor Street and across the street from Fulton County\nSuperior Court. It was the Jefferson Hotel.\n\nGHITIS: What is there now?\n\nGREENBLAT: An office building. The hotel has been torn down.\n\nGHITIS: What category ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/26236/file/93573#t=3000.0,3030.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/26236/file/93573/transcript/18533/annotation/102","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"hotel?\n\nGREENBLAT: It was a regular hotel. It wasn't like a motel type. It had a bed and\na little table. It had a bathroom. That was the first time that we had a\nbathroom indoors.\n\nGHITIS: You said the lady appeared who was the sponsor?\n\nGREENBLAT: No, ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/26236/file/93573#t=3030.0,3060.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/26236/file/93573/transcript/18533/annotation/103","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"they came and told my father they had a home for us. It was\nupstairs from a family--Mr. and Mrs. Goldwasser on Capital Avenue. I remember\nthe lady who came for us was Mickie Eisenberg, who I believe someone said she\njust passed away not too long ago. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/26236/file/93573#t=3060.0,3090.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/26236/file/93573/transcript/18533/annotation/104","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"She was kind of in charge of the welfare,\nlike JF\u0026CS is now. She took us to Mrs. Goldwasser's. It was a Friday afternoon.\n\nWhen we got there, our two wooden crates that we packed up at the camp were\nthere. My father opened up the crates and my mother took ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/26236/file/93573#t=3090.0,3120.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/26236/file/93573/transcript/18533/annotation/105","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"out her Shabbas\ncandelabra. She was going to light Shabbas candles. That was the first thing she\ndid. I remember about 45 minutes later, Mrs. Goldwasser came up. She had a big\ntrey of broiled chicken, and vegetables, and a big chocolate cake. It was ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/26236/file/93573#t=3120.0,3150.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/26236/file/93573/transcript/18533/annotation/106","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"good.\n\nGHITIS: By the way, the candelabra . . . Is it still in the family?\n\nGREENBLAT: No. That's kind of a sore story. My father remarried a few years\nafter my mother passed away to a lady he had actually met in the DP camp. He\nfound her here. She lived in California, so he moved to California and he took\nthe candelabra with ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/26236/file/93573#t=3150.0,3180.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/26236/file/93573/transcript/18533/annotation/107","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"him. That's the last I saw of it.\n\nGHITIS: I want to ask you: In what language did you communicate?\n\nGREENBLAT: With my parents?\n\nGHITIS: Yes.\n\nGREENBLAT: Yiddish. I spoke a little bit of Russian when we were in the DP\ncamps. I could [understand it], but it kind of went away. It was Yiddish. That\nwas basically it. My parents--when they wanted for us not ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/26236/file/93573#t=3180.0,3210.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/26236/file/93573/transcript/18533/annotation/108","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"to know they were\ntalking about, they spoke in Polish.\n\nGHITIS: When did you have your own home in Atlanta?\n\nGREENBLAT: Actually, we rented. My father rented. We didn't buy a house until .\n. . 1971.\n\nGHITIS: ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/26236/file/93573#t=3210.0,3240.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/26236/file/93573/transcript/18533/annotation/109","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"What was your first home?\n\nGREENBLAT: Mrs. Goldwasser's upstairs. [The Goldwassers] lived downstairs. It\nwas a two-story.\n\nGHITIS: You rented?\n\nGREENBLAT: Yes.\n\nGHITIS: Did the Jewish community help you pay?\n\nGREENBLAT: I don't know. I do know that the rent was $30 a month. Whether they\npaid, my parents never really discussed anything like ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/26236/file/93573#t=3240.0,3270.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/26236/file/93573/transcript/18533/annotation/110","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that with the kids.\n\nGHITIS: What was the address?\n\nGREENBLAT: 636 Capital Avenue Southeast, Atlanta, Georgia.\n\nGHITIS: Is there something else there now?\n\nGREENBLAT: No, this is right across the street where Turner Field is now. What's\nthere now is a parking lot.\n\nGHITIS: Okay. Your life in Atlanta started at that point.\n\nGREENBLAT: Yes.\n\nGHITIS: How old were you?\n\nGREENBLAT: I was ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/26236/file/93573#t=3270.0,3300.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/26236/file/93573/transcript/18533/annotation/111","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"eight years old.\n\nGHITIS: School?\n\nGREENBLAT: That next Monday morning--that was December 12, 1950--Mrs. Goldwasser\ncame upstairs . . . She let me get dressed and my sisters get dressed. She took\nus by the hand and we walked down the street ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/26236/file/93573#t=3300.0,3330.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/26236/file/93573/transcript/18533/annotation/112","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"to James L. Key Elementary School.\nWe went into the Principal's office. Her name was Mrs. Cates . . . My sister was\ncrying. She was scared. Of course, I was petrified. I had no idea what was going\nto happen to us.\n\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/26236/file/93573#t=3330.0,3360.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/26236/file/93573/transcript/18533/annotation/113","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Mrs. Rankton, who was the Kindergarten teacher, came in to get my sister. A few\nminutes later, the third grade teacher, Francis Fidelman--that was her first\nyear teaching--came walking in, in Yiddish introduced herself, and told me that\nwas the last time she was ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/26236/file/93573#t=3360.0,3390.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/26236/file/93573/transcript/18533/annotation/114","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"going to speak Yiddish to me. That was . . . In the\nnext six months, I learned how to read, and write, and History. That was the\nyear that Miss Fidelman got married. She's still alive. She and I are very close friends.\n\nGHITIS: What do you owe her?\n\nGREENBLAT: I owe her ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/26236/file/93573#t=3390.0,3420.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/26236/file/93573/transcript/18533/annotation/115","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"everything. I was scared. [I had] had very little\ndiscipline because in the DP camp, I didn't see my father very much. He traveled\nall over to try to find family. He found out that most of his family were ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/26236/file/93573#t=3420.0,3450.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/26236/file/93573/transcript/18533/annotation/116","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"killed\nat Madjanek outside of Lublin [Poland]. Most of my mother's family were machine\ngunned to death by the Einsatzgruppen outside their [town]. Other than my\nmother's two sisters or her family in Israel, there was no one left.\n\nGHITIS: How did the other students behave towards you?\n\nGREENBLAT: There was a couple of ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/26236/file/93573#t=3450.0,3480.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/26236/file/93573/transcript/18533/annotation/117","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"them . . . Third graders are third graders. I\nstill had my German type clothing, but Miss Fidelman protected me. She really\ndid. She made sure that kids didn't physically . . . but she ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/26236/file/93573#t=3480.0,3510.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/26236/file/93573/transcript/18533/annotation/118","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"gave me a little\nbit of a leash and get to know everybody. I learned how to play baseball. The\nkids were pretty good. Some of them were . . . I got called . . . A couple of\nthem called me a Nazi. It was . . . She interceded. She was there for me.\n\nGHITIS: ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/26236/file/93573#t=3510.0,3540.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/26236/file/93573/transcript/18533/annotation/119","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Did your family become affiliated with a synagogue?\n\nGREENBLAT: Yes. We were on Capital Avenue. There were two synagogues on\nWashington Street--Shearith Israel with Rabbi [Tobias] Geffen and, of course,\nthe [Ahavath Achim] with, at that time, Rabbi [Harry] Epstein. We were the\nlittle schul and AA was the big ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/26236/file/93573#t=3540.0,3570.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/26236/file/93573/transcript/18533/annotation/120","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"schul. [They were] about three blocks apart. We\nbecame affiliated with Shearith Israel.\n\nGHITIS: Are you still affiliated with them?\n\nGREENBLAT: No. My children became members at the Dor Tamid Reform Synagogue in\nJohn's Creek [Georgia].\n\nGHITIS: What about making a living? What did your father ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/26236/file/93573#t=3570.0,3600.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/26236/file/93573/transcript/18533/annotation/121","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"do?\n\nGREENBLAT: My father was given a job with London Iron and Metal Company that was\nowned by Mr. Max London and Mr. Sidney Feldman, whose pictures are all over this\nbuilding [the Breman Museum]. He basically just rode on a truck, collecting\nscrap metal. He did that for about a little over a year. Then a piece of metal\nfell of a ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/26236/file/93573#t=3600.0,3630.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/26236/file/93573/transcript/18533/annotation/122","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"truck or something and pinned him. [He] hurt his back. We thought he\nwasn't going to be able to walk. He was in the hospital for a number of weeks.\n\nWhen he finally got out of the hospital, Mr. London took my father to the bank\nand cosigned a loan for my father. My father bought a small neighborhood ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/26236/file/93573#t=3630.0,3660.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/26236/file/93573/transcript/18533/annotation/123","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"grocery\nstore in a Black ghetto neighborhood, which is what a lot of the immigrants did\nwhen they came to the United States. My father bought that store on 4th Street\nin the summer of 1952.\n\nGHITIS: What was the name of the store?\n\nGREENBLAT: Abe's Market.\n\nGHITIS: What did he have there? All kinds ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/26236/file/93573#t=3660.0,3690.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/26236/file/93573/transcript/18533/annotation/124","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"of fresh groceries?\n\nGREENBLAT: It was fresh, yes. It was in an African American neighborhood so he\nhad all kinds of pork type [products]. He learned how to become a butcher. It\nwas a very small . . .\n\nGHITIS: How did he relate to the community around him?\n\nGREENBLAT: Relate? He owned that store from ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/26236/file/93573#t=3690.0,3720.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/26236/file/93573/transcript/18533/annotation/125","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"1952 until almost 1970. He became\nvery beloved because he helped. He gave food on credit. He gave food away. He\nwould tell the children that came near the store, if they wanted to try and\nsteal something, just to let him know and he would give them something to eat.\nThe families [and] ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/26236/file/93573#t=3720.0,3750.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/26236/file/93573/transcript/18533/annotation/126","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"everyone in that area adored him. It was a good way for him\nto kind of pay it back.\n\nGHITIS: I understand there is a Martin Luther King, Jr. connection of some kind?\n\nGREENBLAT: Yes. 4th Street is . . . Dr. King's church, Ebenezer Baptist Church,\nis about four or five blocks away from where the store was. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/26236/file/93573#t=3750.0,3780.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/26236/file/93573/transcript/18533/annotation/127","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Dr. King came in the\nneighborhood--this was almost ten years after my father was in the [store]--and\nintroduced himself. He had heard about my dad. Dr. King wanted really to know\nabout his history. I was there twice. I came to ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/26236/file/93573#t=3780.0,3810.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/26236/file/93573/transcript/18533/annotation/128","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"pick up my father and take him\nhome from work because I was the only one that finally bought a car and started\ndriving. He never drove. His nerves were shot. They became friends. They talked.\n\nGHITIS: Did you help in the store?\n\nGREENBLAT: Yes, we all had to especially on . . . He had to open on ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/26236/file/93573#t=3810.0,3840.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/26236/file/93573/transcript/18533/annotation/129","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Saturday\nbecause that's when everybody came to shop, so we . . . I got out of school late\nFriday afternoon. I would get on the number six bus and take it to his store,\nright off of Forest Avenue. I'd help him on Friday afternoons and Saturday\nmornings. For the first couple of years, ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/26236/file/93573#t=3840.0,3870.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/26236/file/93573/transcript/18533/annotation/130","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"he woke me up, and we went, and got on\nthe bus, and we'd open the store. Yes. My sisters helped later on.\n\nGHITIS: Where were you living at this time?\n\nGREENBLAT: We stayed with Mrs. Goldwasser a little over a year. They bought a\nhouse in ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/26236/file/93573#t=3870.0,3900.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/26236/file/93573/transcript/18533/annotation/131","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"northeast Atlanta off Rock Springs Road [in northeast Atlanta], so they\nsold the house. We had to move. We were basically across the street at 595\nCapitol Avenue. It was a bigger apartment. We lived there at 595 until the\nsummer of 1955, when I ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/26236/file/93573#t=3900.0,3930.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/26236/file/93573/transcript/18533/annotation/132","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"finished at James L Peale. The next summer I was supposed\nto go to high school. Instead of going to Hoke Smith High School on Georgia\nAvenue, we moved closer to the synagogue. That's when Shearith Israel moved over\non University [Drive]. We got an apartment off of North Highland Avenue ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/26236/file/93573#t=3930.0,3960.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/26236/file/93573/transcript/18533/annotation/133","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"a few\nblocks from the synagogue, because my parents wanted . . . From there, that's\nwhere I grew up, went to high school, and I got married in 1964. That was when I\nleft home.\n\nGHITIS: Let us go back a little.\n\nGREENBLAT: Okay, let's go back.\n\nGHITIS: You went to ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/26236/file/93573#t=3960.0,3990.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/26236/file/93573/transcript/18533/annotation/134","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"high school. What kind of a student were you?\n\nGREENBLAT: B's [and] some C's.\n\nGHITIS: Did you make friends in high school?\n\nGREENBLAT: Yes.\n\nAny other activities?\n\nGREENBLAT: Yes, AZA [and] B'nai B'rith. I became very much involved with AZA, in\nan AZA chapter. A lot of close ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/26236/file/93573#t=3990.0,4020.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/26236/file/93573/transcript/18533/annotation/135","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"friends.\n\nGHITIS: Do you remember the names?\n\nGREENBLAT: Yes, my best friend [was] Bobby Newman. He's passed away. Then the\nfriend that I still have, Ricky Katz, who is a retired attorney. Through him is\nhow I became part of the ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/26236/file/93573#t=4020.0,4050.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/26236/file/93573/transcript/18533/annotation/136","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Breman. I had a lot of friends, but they were the only\ntwo that really knew I was a survivor.\n\nGHITIS: Do you have a feel of how survivors were received by the community in\nthose days? Of course you were very young. Was there interest in your stories or\nwere you interested in telling ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/26236/file/93573#t=4050.0,4080.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/26236/file/93573/transcript/18533/annotation/137","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"them?\n\nGREENBLAT: Not really. I don't think anyone was interested. A lot of the\nimmigrants at that time were busy getting their lives together. They were called\nthe 'greenies.'\n\nGHITIS: The greenies?\n\nGREENBLAT: Yes. The group, [Eternal Life-]Hemshech . . . My father was one of\nthe founders of Hemshech. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/26236/file/93573#t=4080.0,4110.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/26236/file/93573/transcript/18533/annotation/138","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Very close. I was the oldest of the Greenies'\nchildren. They had the Jewish Alliance over on Capital Avenue. Everybody kind of\nmet there. Some of the people that I'm working with now, they were young kids.\n\nGHITIS: ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/26236/file/93573#t=4110.0,4140.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/26236/file/93573/transcript/18533/annotation/139","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"What happened after high school?\n\nGREENBLAT: After high school--I graduated in 1960--I took a job with Davison's\nDepartment Store downtown, which was a Macy's store. I went to night school at\nGeorgia Tech. I was going to ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/26236/file/93573#t=4140.0,4170.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/26236/file/93573/transcript/18533/annotation/140","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"get a business degree at Georgia Tech. As things\nwent, I kind of worked my way up at Davison's. They invited me to join their JET\nsquad, the Junior Executive Training squad, so I got a real good--it took about\n4 years--indoctrination into retail. I ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/26236/file/93573#t=4170.0,4200.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/26236/file/93573/transcript/18533/annotation/141","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"worked for them for a long time. Then, I\nleft them when I . . . right before we got married. I stayed in retail [at] a\ncompany called Zayre, which was a W.T. Grant. I stayed in retail. Then I decided\nmanagement was not very much money and a ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/26236/file/93573#t=4200.0,4230.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/26236/file/93573/transcript/18533/annotation/142","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"lot of long hours, so I went into\nsales. I sold high-end furniture at Macy's. I was in sales pretty much the rest\nof my [career].\n\nGHITIS: In the meantime, you met your wife?\n\nGREENBLAT: Yes.\n\nGHITIS: How did that happen?\n\nGREENBLAT: We actually met when I was 13. She was 12. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/26236/file/93573#t=4230.0,4260.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/26236/file/93573/transcript/18533/annotation/143","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"A close friend of her\nmother and a close friend of my mother [was] Mrs. Alexander. Her mother came to\nMrs. Alexander saying that her two daughters--Rochelle is a twin--were going on\na hayride [with] some sort of a little club they were in . . . ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/26236/file/93573#t=4260.0,4290.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/26236/file/93573/transcript/18533/annotation/144","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"to Piedmont Park.\nThey asked if I would accompany one of them on the hayride. I was 13. Actually,\nI accompanied her sister, Helene. Rochelle was there. We met, but she was with\nanother guy. After the hayride, ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/26236/file/93573#t=4290.0,4320.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/26236/file/93573/transcript/18533/annotation/145","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I didn't see them again until 1963.\n\nA friend of mine--it was Friday night--called me, and said he was having a\nparty, and wanted me to bring my record collection. My sisters and I had one of\nthe largest record collections of 45's of all the ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/26236/file/93573#t=4320.0,4350.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/26236/file/93573/transcript/18533/annotation/146","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Sixties [music]. I said,\n\"Yeah, I'll come to the party.\" I gathered up my records and drove over to his\nhouse. I had just bought a brand new car. [I] drove over to his house and there\nwere a bunch of kids, people there.\n\nRochelle was sitting in a corner. She had just gotten out of the hospital. She\nwas burned in a house fire trying to ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/26236/file/93573#t=4350.0,4380.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/26236/file/93573/transcript/18533/annotation/147","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"make a cup of coffee for her grandfather,\nwho lived with them. She wasn't feeling good. The guy that brought here there\nstarted drinking or whatever. She asked if I . . . I finally recognized her. We\nstarted talking, reminiscing about the hayride. She asked if I would drive her\nhome. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/26236/file/93573#t=4380.0,4410.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/26236/file/93573/transcript/18533/annotation/148","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I did and said, \"Goodnight.\" That was it.\n\nThat Sunday, my friend had also just bought a car. He called and said he was\ngoing to take his girlfriend in the new car over to Stone Mountain and wanted to\nknow if I wanted to go. I said, \"Nah, I don't want to be a third wheel.\" At that\ntime, I wasn't dating anybody. I was mainly trying to get ahead at ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/26236/file/93573#t=4410.0,4440.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/26236/file/93573/transcript/18533/annotation/149","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Davidsons. He\nsaid, \"Well, call somebody.\" I remembered Rochelle. She had given me her phone\nnumber. I called and asked her mother. [She] said, \"Yes,\" and that was it. That\nwas in March of 1963. We got married a year and a half later. That was over 50\nyears ago.\n\nGHITIS: Do you have children?\n\nGREENBLAT: ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/26236/file/93573#t=4440.0,4470.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/26236/file/93573/transcript/18533/annotation/150","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Yes.\n\nGHITIS: Tell me about your children.\n\nGREENBLAT: My son, Jeff, was born the day after [Rochelle's] birthday in 1966.\nThen I have a son, Jacob. He was born about four years later. I have two\nsons--Jeff and Jacob.\n\nGHITIS: Where have you lived as a married couple?\n\nGREENBLAT: In Atlanta pretty ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/26236/file/93573#t=4470.0,4500.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/26236/file/93573/transcript/18533/annotation/151","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"much. Our first apartment was Rock Springs\nApartments off Rock Springs Road. They were apartments that were built during\nPresident [Theodore] Roosevelt's [administration, from 1901 to 1909], so they\nwere older apartments. At that time, I was working for Zayre's. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/26236/file/93573#t=4500.0,4530.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/26236/file/93573/transcript/18533/annotation/152","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"A lot of new\napartments were going up all over. There was an apartment complex that was being\nbuilt on Briarcliff Road [in northeast Atlanta]. We decided to get a one-bedroom\napartment. It had air conditioning. We were pretty . . . That was . . .\n\nGHITIS: From there, where did you move?\n\nGREENBLAT: We stayed in those ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/26236/file/93573#t=4530.0,4560.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/26236/file/93573/transcript/18533/annotation/153","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"apartments. When Jeff was born, we moved into a\ntwo-bedroom. Then we moved up the hill [to] newer apartments that were a little\nbit nicer than the ones that we were originally [in]. Then we kind of moved\naround and moved out to Norcross [Georgia].\n\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/26236/file/93573#t=4560.0,4590.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/26236/file/93573/transcript/18533/annotation/154","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"My son Jacob went to Norcross High School [in Norcross, Georgia]. My son Jeff\nwent to Lakeside High School [in Atlanta, Georgia]. They both went to the Hebrew\nAcademy. Then they went, of course, to high school. Hebrew Academy . . . The day\nbefore my mother died, she made me promise that they would both go to the Hebrew\nAcademy, so ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/26236/file/93573#t=4590.0,4620.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/26236/file/93573/transcript/18533/annotation/155","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I did. They both finished at the Hebrew Academy. [I am] very proud\nof them. They know Hebrew. They both . . .\n\nGHITIS: They got a Jewish education.\n\nGREENBLAT: Yes. We just had the most beautiful seder at my son's house up in\nConnecticut. Jeff and Rochel and I were the only Jews at the seder. Everybody\nelse were friends of his. He has a lot ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/26236/file/93573#t=4620.0,4650.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/26236/file/93573/transcript/18533/annotation/156","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"of friends that are professionals. They\nwere some people that worked for . . . there were attorneys, and there were\ngrief counselors, professors . . .\n\nGHITIS: Grandchildren?\n\nGREENBLAT: Yes. My favorite subject. Jeff was married to Suzanne Ginsberg. They\nmet at Hebrew ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/26236/file/93573#t=4650.0,4680.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/26236/file/93573/transcript/18533/annotation/157","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Academy . . . Not quite a year after they were married, my oldest\ngranddaughter, Erin, was born. Rochelle and I pretty much raised her. [Rochelle]\nraised her because they . . . ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/26236/file/93573#t=4680.0,4710.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/26236/file/93573/transcript/18533/annotation/158","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Jeff was at that time working his way up with\nKroger to the point where he was a Senior Vice-President in Cincinnati [Ohio].\nSuzanne went to nursing school. They were either working or at school, so we . . .\n\nHer brother, ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/26236/file/93573#t=4710.0,4740.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/26236/file/93573/transcript/18533/annotation/159","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Eddie, who is four years younger than she is, was born. We helped\nraise him also. They had another grandson, Corey, was born here in Atlanta, but\nhe was less than two months old when they moved to Cincinnati. They got\ndivorced. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/26236/file/93573#t=4740.0,4770.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/26236/file/93573/transcript/18533/annotation/160","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"We had the kids all the time. During the summer, they stayed with us.\n\nErin just turned thirty. [She] got married last year. She teaches middle school\nSpanish. She teaches. She graduated from Eastern Michigan University [with a]\ndegree in education. She was on a Presidential scholarship.\n\nBoth . . . ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/26236/file/93573#t=4770.0,4800.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/26236/file/93573/transcript/18533/annotation/161","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Eddie went to Ohio State University. His wife, Emily, also went to\nOhio State. She's a teacher here in Atlanta. She teaches special [education].\nEddie is a third year law student at Georgia State [University]. Corey actually\nis graduating Sunday from Ohio State. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/26236/file/93573#t=4800.0,4830.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/26236/file/93573/transcript/18533/annotation/162","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"He wasn't going to walk so we didn't go up\nfor his graduation. He's already been accepted to the MBA School at Ohio State.\n\nThe other granddaughter--the only daughter of my youngest son, Jacob--she's a\nfreshman at Georgia Southern [University].\n\nGHITIS: I understand ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/26236/file/93573#t=4830.0,4860.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/26236/file/93573/transcript/18533/annotation/163","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"you were invited on a trip to Israel not that long ago?\n\nGREENBLAT: Yes.\n\nGHITIS: How did that happen?\n\nGREENBLAT: When I did the Bearing Witness [program], I think it was in April\n2016, a number of my schoolmates from high school came to the Bearing ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/26236/file/93573#t=4860.0,4890.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/26236/file/93573/transcript/18533/annotation/164","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Witness\nprogram. They really didn't . . . a lot of them didn't know that I was a\nsurvivor. One of my classmates, Henry Bauer--that's Judy's brother--stood up and\n. . .\n\nGHITIS: Judy Cohen's brother?\n\nGREENBLAT: Yes. He stood up and said, \"Hershel, I didn't ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/26236/file/93573#t=4890.0,4920.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/26236/file/93573/transcript/18533/annotation/165","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"know. Have you ever\nbeen back either to Ukraine or have you ever gone to Israel?\" I said I was very\nopen to it, but being retired, that's something I couldn't afford. Interestingly\nenough, about two weeks after that, Rochelle and I are in the car and the phone\nrings. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/26236/file/93573#t=4920.0,4950.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/26236/file/93573/transcript/18533/annotation/166","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"It was Henry. He said, \"How would you like to go to Israel?\" I said, \"I'd\nlove to, but like I said. . .\" He said, \"No, no. How would you like to go to\nIsrael?\" I said, \"I'd love it.\" He said, \"I'll take care of it.\"\n\nCome to find out, some of my classmates and some of the docents here at the\nBreman got together and paid for the trip for ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/26236/file/93573#t=4950.0,4980.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/26236/file/93573/transcript/18533/annotation/167","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Rochelle and I. We went with Rabbi\n[Bradley] Levenberg from Temple Sinai and his group to Israel. It was December\nor 2016. It was during Hanukah, and Christmas, and New Years. It was . . .\n\nGHITIS: What was the impact?\n\nGREENBLAT: The impact [was] big. We got of the plane at Ben ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/26236/file/93573#t=4980.0,5010.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/26236/file/93573/transcript/18533/annotation/168","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Gurion Airport. It\nwas just so surreal. I had a feeling like, \"Hey, I feel like I've been home.\" We\nstayed at very nice hotels. We had a fantastic guide. The third day, ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/26236/file/93573#t=5010.0,5040.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/26236/file/93573/transcript/18533/annotation/169","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"we went\nfrom Tel Aviv to Jerusalem. We came into the city right there at Hebrew\nUniversity. The bus stopped, and our guide took out a loudspeaker thing like a\nboom box, and played Hatikvah. Then I ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/26236/file/93573#t=5040.0,5070.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/26236/file/93573/transcript/18533/annotation/170","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"lost it. I cried like a . . . Here I am .\n. .\n\nThe tour was unbelievable. We went all the way up to the Golan Heights. It\nsnowed up there. Then we went to the Dead Sea and it was 90 degrees. It was just\na wonderful trip. The best part of the trip, of course, was the kids that ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/26236/file/93573#t=5070.0,5100.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/26236/file/93573/transcript/18533/annotation/171","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"were\nthere. A few of the kids were having their bar mitzvahs and bat mitzvahs.\n\nGHITIS: You have been a speaker at the Breman for a number of years.\n\nGREENBLAT: Yes.\n\nGHITIS: Why do you do it?\n\nGREENBLAT: Why? I think, number one . . . I mean, I don't ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/26236/file/93573#t=5100.0,5130.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/26236/file/93573/transcript/18533/annotation/172","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"enjoy talking about\nthe horrendous way that my father's and my mother's family were killed, but I\nthink it is my responsibility. I'm speaking to schoolchildren to let them know\nwhat happened. It is my responsibility to make sure they become my voice\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/26236/file/93573#t=5130.0,5160.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/26236/file/93573/transcript/18533/annotation/173","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"because, as survivors, we're going to be gone. That's life. Make sure that they\nunderstand. As I speak to them, [it is] not so much telling them about what\nhappened, but also telling them what I feel why it happened: because of hatred.\n[I am] trying to get across to ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/26236/file/93573#t=5160.0,5190.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/26236/file/93573/transcript/18533/annotation/174","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"them that hatred is not the way you want to go. I\nbeg of them not to get bullied, not to hate, if you see something wrong, do\nsomething. That's my main thing.\n\nAlso I feel I want to leave a legacy for my grandchildren and my great-grandson,\nwho just turned a year old. My granddaughter, Erin, has become ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/26236/file/93573#t=5190.0,5220.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/26236/file/93573/transcript/18533/annotation/175","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"very heavily\ninvolved with our family's story. I've been to her schools the last . . . at\nevery school she's taught at. I did a presentation at Charleston, South\nCarolina. She now teaches in Virginia Beach [Virginia]. I'm going to go there in\nthe fall to speak.\n\nI've been to Ohio State six times, ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/26236/file/93573#t=5220.0,5250.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/26236/file/93573/transcript/18533/annotation/176","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"driving up there. They have a Jewish\nHolocaust program through their German languages program. I speak there. I speak\nthrough the Georgia Commission. I speak at Kennesaw State. I just feel as long\nas I can drive, I'll ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/26236/file/93573#t=5250.0,5280.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/26236/file/93573/transcript/18533/annotation/177","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"speak.\n\nGHITIS: Is there something else that you would like to tell future generations?\n\nGREENBLAT: My main lesson to them . . . is that there's just too much hate.\n\nGHITIS: What do we do about it?\n\nGREENBLAT: ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/26236/file/93573#t=5280.0,5310.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/26236/file/93573/transcript/18533/annotation/178","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"We have to learn. We have to tell them why it happened. We have to\ntell them that they have the responsibility to listen to survivors, and listen\nto why it happened, and hopefully that some of them will make it their\nresponsibility also to teach their ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/26236/file/93573#t=5310.0,5340.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/26236/file/93573/transcript/18533/annotation/179","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"children not to hate, to teach others. When I\nask them not to be a bully, if one of the kids I talk to is a bully, maybe\nthey'll change it.\n\nI just feel that the world's got enough hate, and hatred, and enough\ndiscrimination. That's what my father fought against when we came to the United\nStates ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/26236/file/93573#t=5340.0,5370.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/26236/file/93573/transcript/18533/annotation/180","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"during the 1950s and 1960s in the South: the discrimination against\nAfrican Americans. What he saw and what he fought for . . . Hopefully, I'll get\nthrough to some of these kids.\n\nI get some of the most beautiful letters from these kids. A couple of them I\nkeep in ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/26236/file/93573#t=5370.0,5400.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/26236/file/93573/transcript/18533/annotation/181","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"touch with. One little girl up in Rome, Georgia that was having a lot\nfamily problems, she pointblank told me she was thinking of taking her life.\nHearing me, she said, \"Hey, your family had a lot more problems than I do.\"\nActually she's finishing ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/26236/file/93573#t=5400.0,5430.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/26236/file/93573/transcript/18533/annotation/182","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"middle school.\n\nI think I've made some connections with a lot of teachers that have become very\ninterested in teaching and learning about what happened. It's an ongoing battle.\n\nGHITIS: Thank you very much.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/26236/file/93573#t=5430.0,5460.0"}]},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/26236/file/93573/annotation_set/91","type":"AnnotationPage","label":{"en":["Annotations [Transcript]"]},"items":[{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/26236/file/93573/annotation_set/91/annotation/183","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eKremenchuk or Kremenchug, an important industrial city in central Ukraine, stands on the banks of the Dnieper River in western Ukraine. There were about 19,880 Jews living in the city in 1939. Following the German invasion of the Soviet Union, Kremnchuk was occupied on September 9, 1941. Many of the Kremenchug Jews managed to flee eastward with the retreating Red Army and according to a census conducted on September 26, 1941, only about 3,500 Jews and 100 mixed families remained. At the end of September or in early October, the Jews were forced to move into a barracks surrounded with barbed wire on the outskirts of the town. The first mass shooting took place on October 28, 1941 and continued through January 1942. The city was bombed heavily during the war and remained under German control until the Red army liberated it on September 29, 1943.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/26236/file/93573#t=30.0,60.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/26236/file/93573/annotation_set/91/annotation/184","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eIn another interview (with the Kennesaw State University Museum of History and Holocaust Education, which can be found at https://soar.kennesaw.edu/bitstream/handle/11360/2222/hershel-greenblat-transcript.pdf?sequence= 3\u0026amp;isAllowed=y), Herschel mentions that his family was hiding in the Priest’s Grotto Caves. The Priest’s Grotto Caves (also known as Ozerna or Blue Lakes) are located beneath an expanse of wheat fields within the remote farmland of Western Ukraine, southeast of Kiev, Ukraine. It is part of an extensive gypsum giant cave system and is one of the longest caves in the world. There are over 127,779 meters of passageways, caves, and an underground lake. During World War II, the caves functioned as a hiding place for several Jewish families. It is also possible Herschel and his parents were instead in the Verteba Cave. A group of 26 Ukrainian Jews, including seniors, children and three families, hid in Verteba Cave for about six months from the fall of 1942 until spring 1943. Verteba Cave is about 8 kilometers (5 miles) away from the Priest’s Grotto Caves. It measures about 7.8 kilometers (4.8 miles) in length. It consists of maze-like passageways, often separated by thin walls, as well as broad galleries. The Gestapo captured two of the 26 during a surprise raid in 1943, forcing the others to flee. Eventually they were joined by other Jews and entered the Priest’s Grotto Caves. A documentary titled “No Place on Earth” (2012) details the story of thirty-eight Ukrainian Jews who survived the Holocaust by living in the Priest’s Grotto Caves for eighteen months.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/26236/file/93573#t=30.0,60.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/26236/file/93573/annotation_set/91/annotation/185","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe city of Lublin lies about 160 kilometers (99 miles) southeast of Warsaw, in eastern Poland. In August 1939, around 37,000 Jews were living there among a total population of some 122,000. German forces occupied Lublin on September 17, 1939.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/26236/file/93573#t=120.0,150.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/26236/file/93573/annotation_set/91/annotation/186","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eA shammash is an official acting as the sexton or caretaker of a synagogue.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/26236/file/93573#t=150.0,180.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/26236/file/93573/annotation_set/91/annotation/187","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe SS or Schutzstaffel was a major paramilitary organization under Adolf Hitler and the Nazi Party. It began at the end of 1920 as a small, permanent guard unit known as the “Saal-Schutz” made up of Nazi Party volunteers to provide security for party meetings in Munich. Later, in 1925, Heinrich Himmler joined the unit, which had by then been reformed and renamed the “Schutz-Staffel.” Under Himmler’s leadership, it grew from a small paramilitary formation to one of the largest and most powerful organizations in the Third Reich. Under Himmler’s command, it was responsible for many of the crimes against humanity during World War II. After World War II, like the Nazi Party, it was declared a criminal organization by the International Military Tribunal and banned in Germany.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/26236/file/93573#t=300.0,330.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/26236/file/93573/annotation_set/91/annotation/188","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eIn response to the German occupation, Poles organized one of the largest underground movements in Europe with more than 300 widely supported political and military groups and subgroups. Some Jews who managed to escape from German occupied cities and ghettos or camps formed their own fighting units. It is unclear which group Hershel’s father was involved with. There was an active resistance group in the Lublin ghetto, but the ghetto in Lublin was not created until the spring of 1941. It is possible his father had continued ties with friends and family in the ghetto and may have come to Kremenchuk with a resistance group from Lublin. He probably fled east into Soviet territory when German troops began to seize Jews for forced labor in the immediate weeks after their occupation of Lublin.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/26236/file/93573#t=300.0,330.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/26236/file/93573/annotation_set/91/annotation/189","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe Molotov-Ribbentrop Pact (also known as the Hitler-Stalin Pact and German-Soviet Non-aggression Pact) was a non-aggression pact between Germany and Russia signed August 23, 1939. Russia, which had a treaty with Poland to defend it if it was attacked, reneged in secret. Russia agreed to stand aside if Germany attacked Poland and not declare war on Germany. The pact provided that the two countries would not attack each other, independently or in conjunction with other powers; would not support any third power that might attack the other party to the pact; would remain in consultation with each other with regard to their common interests; would not join any power or group of powers that threatened the other; and would solve all differences between them through negotiation or arbitration. The public pact was accompanied by a secret protocol, reached on the same day, which divided Eastern Europe into German and Soviet spheres of influence. Hitler, knowing that he wasn’t going to have to fight Russia if he invaded Poland, invaded Poland just one week later, while the Soviets invaded form the east. Under the pact, the city of Lublin was within German territory. Eastern Poland and Ukraine (including the city of Kremenchuk) were under Soviet control until June 22, 1941, when Nazi Germany attacked the Soviet Union.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/26236/file/93573#t=330.0,360.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/26236/file/93573/annotation_set/91/annotation/190","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eHershel’s pronunciation of the city sounds like, “Krosnauer.” It is possible he is referring to a city in eastern Ukraine, 100 kilometers (62 miles) east of Kremenchuk that was called Krasnodon (also known as Sorokino). It was a mining town that had been founded in 1914. Krasnodon was under German occupation from July 20, 1942 to February 14, 1943 and an underground anti-fascist youth organization known as the Young Guard was active there.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/26236/file/93573#t=690.0,720.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/26236/file/93573/annotation_set/91/annotation/191","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eYiddish is the common historical language of Ashkenazi Jews from Central and Eastern Europe. It is heavily Germanic based but uses the Hebrew alphabet. The language was spoken or understood as a common tongue for many European Jews up until the middle of the twentieth century.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/26236/file/93573#t=720.0,750.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/26236/file/93573/annotation_set/91/annotation/192","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe Allies were a group of countries who worked together to oppose the Axis forces (Germany, Italy, and Japan) during World War II.  At the start of the war in 1939, the Allies consisted of France, Poland and Great Britain. In 1941, the Soviet Union and the United States joined the Allies. In 1942, Allied policy was controlled by the “Big Three:” Britain, the Soviet Union, and the United States. Other Allies included China, Canada, British Raj (India), the Netherlands, Norway and Yugoslavia. The alliance was formalized in the Declaration by United Nations in 1942.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/26236/file/93573#t=840.0,870.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/26236/file/93573/annotation_set/91/annotation/193","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe “Iron Curtain” is a term that referred to the non-physical, political, military, and ideological barrier dividing Europe into two separate areas from the end of World War II in 1945 until the end of the Cold War in 1991. On the east side of the Iron Curtain were the countries that were connected to or influenced by the Soviet Union, while on the west side were the countries that were allied to the United States or nominally neutral. \u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e[1] After Germany’s surrender in 1945, Soviet troops occupied most of Eastern Europe, including Poland and Ukraine. As Soviet power and influence expanded, a communist dictatorship was established under Josef Stalin, who led the Soviet Union from the mid–1920s until 1953. After liberation, many Jewish survivors encountered manifestations of antisemitism, hostility, and violence from the local populations when they returned home. In postwar Poland, for, example, there were a number of pogroms (violent anti-Jewish riots). In 1946, a surge of Jewish survivors and refugees from the Soviet Union flooded into the western Allies’ zones, hoping to escape the anti-Jewish violence and further persecution from Stalin’s regime.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/26236/file/93573#t=990.0,1020.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/26236/file/93573/annotation_set/91/annotation/194","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eWhen hostilities ended on May 8, 1945 in Europe, as many as 100,000 Jewish survivors found themselves among the 7,000,000 uprooted and homeless people classified as displaced persons (DPs). The liberated Jews, who were plagued by illness and exhaustion, emerged from concentration camps and hiding places to discover a world in which they had no place. Bereft of home and family, most were reluctant to return to their pre-war homelands. Allied authorities and the United Nations Relief and Rehabilitation Administration (UNRRA) established and administered temporary facilities (DP Camps) across Germany, Austria, and Italy to house DPs. In a matter of months, more than 150,000 other Jews fleeing fierce antisemitism in Soviet occupied Eastern Europe joined them. From 1945 to 1952, more than 250,000 Jewish displaced persons lived in camps and urban centers in Germany, Austria, and Italy. Eventually, DPs were repatriated to their home countries, reestablished themselves in new countries or immigrated outside of Europe. Most of the DP camps were closed by 1950.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/26236/file/93573#t=1020.0,1050.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/26236/file/93573/annotation_set/91/annotation/195","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eBeth Bialik (also Beit Bialik) was one of five transient DP camps in Salzburg, Austria (There were three permanent camps). The United Nations relief and Rehabilitation administration (UNRRA) and the American Jewish Joint Distribution Committee administered the camp.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/26236/file/93573#t=1050.0,1080.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/26236/file/93573/annotation_set/91/annotation/196","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eAs a result of post-war negotiations between the Allies and Soviet authorities, it was agreed that all Soviet citizens would be repatriated to the Soviet Union. Initially, Soviet authorities were even given free access to the DP camps in order to identify Soviet citizens for repatriation. A policy of forced repatriation gave DPs no choice and many were forcibly sent home, where they were often sent to the labor camps of the Gulag or drafted into the army, while others faced issues of postwar rebuilding and antisemitism. As wartime relations deteriorated and the Cold War emerged, however, the Allies no longer supported Soviet demands for repatriation. Soviet operatives in the DP camps began using both legal and covert methods of deception, kidnapping, bribery, and threats to force repatriation of Soviet nationals in order to curb a concentration of anti-communist political expatriates in the West. For people fleeing Soviet controlled countries, crossing borders became increasingly difficult and dangerous.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/26236/file/93573#t=1110.0,1140.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/26236/file/93573/annotation_set/91/annotation/197","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eCheder [Hebrew: room] is a Jewish religious elementary school for boys. Religious classes were usually held in a room attached to a synagogue or in the private home of a teacher called a ‘melamed.’ It was traditional for boys to start cheder at three or five years old, learning to read Hebrew from a primer and studying the Book of Leviticus. Girls did not attend cheder.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/26236/file/93573#t=1650.0,1680.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/26236/file/93573/annotation_set/91/annotation/198","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eHerschel is referring to the United Nations Relief and Rehabilitation Administration (UNRRA), which was founded in 1943. Its mission was to provide economic assistance to European nations after World War II and to repatriate and assist the refugees who would come under Allied control. UNRRA managed hundreds of displaced persons camps in Germany, Italy, and Austria and played a major role in repatriating survivors to their home countries in 1946-1947. It largely shut down operations in 1947.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/26236/file/93573#t=1710.0,1740.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/26236/file/93573/annotation_set/91/annotation/199","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eHallein is a town on the outskirts of Salzburg, Austria, about 16 kilometers (10 miles) south. Hallein was the site of a work camp annex to the Dachau concentration camp during World War II. After the war, it was the site of a permanent Displaced Persons camp. In mid-1947, ORT opened a school in two of the barracks, teaching tailoring, dressmaking, electrical and radio technology, baking, beautician training, and upholstery to over 200 students. Later ORT also offered English language classes. In 1948, with the closure of other DP camps, Hallein became the Austrian collection point for Jewish émigrés to Canada and the United States. The camp closed in 1954.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/26236/file/93573#t=1770.0,1800.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/26236/file/93573/annotation_set/91/annotation/200","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003ePassover [Hebrew: Pesach] is the anniversary of Israel’s liberation from Egyptian bondage. The holiday lasts for eight days. Unleavened bread, matzah, is eaten in memory of the unleavened bread prepared by the Israelite during their hasty flight from Egypt, when they had not time to wait for the dough to rise. On the first two nights of Passover, the seder, the central event of the holiday is celebrated. The seder service is one of the most colorful and joyous occasions in Jewish life.  In addition to eating matzah during the seder, Jews are prohibited from eating leavened bread during the entire week of Passover. In addition, Jews are also supposed to avoid foods made with wheat, barley, rye, spelt or oats unless those foods are labeled ‘kosher for Passover.’ Jews traditionally have separate dishes for Passover.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/26236/file/93573#t=1860.0,1890.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/26236/file/93573/annotation_set/91/annotation/201","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eKosher/Kashrut is the set of Jewish dietary laws that dictate how food is prepared or served and which kinds of foods or animals can be eaten. Food that may be consumed according to halakhah (Jewish law) is termed ‘kosher’ in English. In a kosher kitchen and home, meat and dairy are kept separate, so a separate sets of dishes, cookware, and serving ware are needed. Food that is not in accordance with Jewish law is called ‘treif.’\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/26236/file/93573#t=1890.0,1920.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/26236/file/93573/annotation_set/91/annotation/202","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eShabbat (Hebrew) or Shabbos (Yiddish) is the Jewish day of rest and is observed on Saturdays.  Shabbat observance entails refraining from work activities, often with great rigor, and engaging in restful activities to honor the day. Shabbat begins at sundown on Friday night and is ushered in by lighting candles and reciting a blessing. It is closed the following evening with the recitation of the havdalah blessing.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/26236/file/93573#t=1920.0,1950.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/26236/file/93573/annotation_set/91/annotation/203","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eSomeone who is shomer [Hebrew: to guard, watch, or preserve] Shabbat observes commandments for the Jewish Sabbath from sundown Friday evening until sundown Saturday evening.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/26236/file/93573#t=1920.0,1950.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/26236/file/93573/annotation_set/91/annotation/204","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eTorah [Hebrew: teaching] is a general term that covers all Jewish law including the vast mass of teachings recorded in the Talmud and other rabbinical works. \u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/26236/file/93573#t=1950.0,1980.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/26236/file/93573/annotation_set/91/annotation/205","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eA black market, underground economy, or shadow economy is a clandestine market or transaction that has some aspect of illegality or is characterized by some form of noncompliant behavior with an institutional set of rules. During and in the years immediately after World War II, rationing and shortages forced many Europeans to rely on goods and services produced and sold in the underground economy.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/26236/file/93573#t=2100.0,2130.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/26236/file/93573/annotation_set/91/annotation/206","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eEretz Yisrael [Hebrew: land of Israel] is an expression used to designate the land of Israel, as God promised it to the Jewish people, according to Biblical tradition. \u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/26236/file/93573#t=2130.0,2160.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/26236/file/93573/annotation_set/91/annotation/207","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eAfter World War I, Britain took over Palestine. Although protested by the Arab states, the League of Nations authorized the British mandate over Palestine, which continued throughout World War II. Beginning in 1929, Arabs and Jews openly fought in Palestine, and Britain attempted to limit Jewish immigration as a means of appeasing the Arabs. Jewish immigration was restricted by a series of official reports (known as White Papers) issued in 1922 and 1930 by the British government. The Arab Revolt of 1936–1939 further caused Great Britain to dramatically limit the numbers of immigrants allowed into Palestine in subsequent years and throughout the Holocaust. In 1939, a third White Paper was issued, which limited Jewish immigration to Palestine to 75,000 for the first five years, subject to the country's \"economic absorptive capacity,\" and would later be contingent on Arab consent. At the end of World War II, Britain continued to strictly limit Jewish immigration to Palestine.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/26236/file/93573#t=2190.0,2220.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/26236/file/93573/annotation_set/91/annotation/208","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eJewish resistance organizations managed to smuggle hundreds of thousands of survivors from Europe into Palestine via “illegal” immigrant ships. The British intercepted most ships, however, and began to intern the immigrants they caught in camps. With international pressure mounting in 1945, Britain, unable to find a practical solution, referred the problem to the United Nations, which in November 1947 voted to partition Palestine into Jewish and Arab states in May 1948 when the British mandate was scheduled to end. After the British began the withdrawal of their military forces from Palestine in early April 1948, Zionist leaders moved to establish a modern Jewish state. On May 14, 1948—the day the British Mandate over Palestine expired—David Ben-Gurion, the chairman of the Jewish Agency for Palestine, announced the formation of the state of Israel.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e[1] After the formation of the State of Israel in 1948, war broke out when five Arab nations invaded territory in the former Palestinian mandate immediately following the announcement of independence. Fighting continued until February 1949, when Israel and its neighboring states of Egypt, Lebanon, Transjordan, and Syria agreed to formal armistice lines.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/26236/file/93573#t=2190.0,2220.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/26236/file/93573/annotation_set/91/annotation/209","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eA green card is an identification card indicating the holder’s status to live and work in the USA permanently. It allows a non-U.S. citizen to gain permanent residence in the United States.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/26236/file/93573#t=2250.0,2280.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/26236/file/93573/annotation_set/91/annotation/210","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eAfter the war ended, President Harry S. Truman favored efforts to ease US immigration restrictions for Jewish displaced persons but existing laws had no provisions for displaced persons until Truman issued a directive on December 22, 1945, ordering the State Department to fill existing quotas and give first preference to displaced persons. Still, of the 40,000 visas issued under the program, only about 28,000 went to Jews and between 1946 and 1948, only 16,000 Jewish refugees entered the United States. In 1948, Congress passed legislation to admit more DPs to the United States. The 1948 Displaced Persons Act authorized the entry of 202,000 displaced persons over the next two years but within the quota system. When the act was extended for two more years in 1950, it increased displaced-person admissions to 415,000.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/26236/file/93573#t=2250.0,2280.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/26236/file/93573/annotation_set/91/annotation/211","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eBremerhaven is a port city on Germany’s North Sea coast.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/26236/file/93573#t=2340.0,2370.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/26236/file/93573/annotation_set/91/annotation/212","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe USS General C. C. Ballou was a Navy transport ship first launched in March 1945. It was named in honor of Unites States Army General Charles Clarence Ballou (1862-1928). In 1949, the ship began sailing between Europe and the United States with refugees before later being used to transport troops in the Korean War. She was placed out of service in September 1954, sold for commercial use, and later scrapped in 1981. According to the ship’s manifest, Herschel’s family set sail aboard the USS Ballou, leaving Bremerhaven, Germany on November 14, 1950 and arrived in New York on November 25, 1950.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/26236/file/93573#t=2370.0,2400.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/26236/file/93573/annotation_set/91/annotation/213","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eAn Affidavit of Support and Sponsorship was among the criteria applicants seeking an entry visa into the United States during the 1930s and 1940s had to meet. This required two sponsors who were United States citizens or had permanent resident status. Sponsors had to provide proof of their financial status (Federal tax returns and an affidavit from their bank and employer) to ensure that the immigrants would not become dependent upon social welfare programs. \u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/26236/file/93573#t=2520.0,2550.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/26236/file/93573/annotation_set/91/annotation/214","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eNew Castle is a city in Indiana, 44 miles east-northeast of Indianapolis.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/26236/file/93573#t=2550.0,2580.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/26236/file/93573/annotation_set/91/annotation/215","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe International Committee of the Red Cross (“Red Cross”) is a humanitarian institution based in Geneva, Switzerland. At the end of World War II, the Red Cross worked with national Red Cross societies to organize relief assistance to those countries most severely affected by the war.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/26236/file/93573#t=2580.0,2610.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/26236/file/93573/annotation_set/91/annotation/216","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eAccording to Jewish law, pigs are not considered a kosher animal because they have split hooves. Therefore, pork and any food from a pig—such as bacon—is forbidden.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/26236/file/93573#t=2640.0,2670.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/26236/file/93573/annotation_set/91/annotation/217","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eOpened in 1907, Union Station is a major train station, transportation hub, and leisure destination in Washington, D.C. \u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/26236/file/93573#t=2700.0,2730.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/26236/file/93573/annotation_set/91/annotation/218","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003e“GI” is a nickname given to American soldiers during the Second World War. GI stands for \"Government Issue.\"\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/26236/file/93573#t=2820.0,2850.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/26236/file/93573/annotation_set/91/annotation/219","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe Jefferson Hotel, built in 1921, was located at the intersection of Alabama and Pryor Streets. In 1980, a fire destroyed the building.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/26236/file/93573#t=2880.0,2910.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/26236/file/93573/annotation_set/91/annotation/220","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eMiriam \"Mickie\" Greenberg Eisenberg Krinsky (1925—2018) was born in Atlanta, Georgia, where she and her first husband, David Eisenberg, helped build the foundation of Atlanta's vibrant Jewish community. Mickie was a passionate leader for many years at the Hebrew Academy of Atlanta, the Jewish Federation, Hadassah, and Congregation Shearith Israel. After David died, she remarried Joseph Krinsky.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/26236/file/93573#t=3060.0,3090.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/26236/file/93573/annotation_set/91/annotation/221","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eJewish Family and Career Services (JF\u0026amp;CS Atlanta) is a group of professionals and volunteers offering programs, and resources for individuals and families of all faiths, cultures and ages. Services include counseling, tools for employment, and support for people with developmental disabilities. JF\u0026amp;CS is a member organization of the Association of Jewish Family \u0026amp; Children's Agencies (AJFCA).\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/26236/file/93573#t=3090.0,3120.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/26236/file/93573/annotation_set/91/annotation/222","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eWomen traditionally do the lighting of the candles on Friday evening before sundown to usher in the Sabbath.  After lighting the candles the woman waves her hands over them, covers her eyes and recites a blessing:  “Blessed are You, Lord, our God, King of the universe, who has sanctified us with His commandments and commanded us to light Shabbat candles.”\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/26236/file/93573#t=3120.0,3150.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/26236/file/93573/annotation_set/91/annotation/223","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eTurner Field is a baseball park located in Atlanta, Georgia. From 1997 until 2016, it served as the home ballpark to the Atlanta Braves of Major League Baseball (MLB). Originally built as Centennial Olympic Stadium in 1996 to serve as the centerpiece of the 1996 Summer Olympics, the stadium was converted into a baseball park to serve as the new home for the Braves. Turner Field is located less than one block from the site of the Atlanta-Fulton County Stadium, their home ballpark from 1966 to 1996. When the Braves moved to a new stadium, SunTrust Park, which opened in north Atlanta in 2016, the stadium was reconfigured for the second time, redesigned for college football as Georgia State Stadium.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/26236/file/93573#t=3270.0,3300.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/26236/file/93573/annotation_set/91/annotation/224","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eJames L. Key Elementary School was located at Ormond Street and Capital Avenue in Atlanta, Georgia and was in existence from at least the 1940’s through the 1960’s.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/26236/file/93573#t=3330.0,3360.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/26236/file/93573/annotation_set/91/annotation/225","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eMajdanek was established in July 1941 and served many purposes. The Lublin concentration camp received its more widely known nickname “Majdanek” (“Little Majdan”) due to its proximity to the Majdan Tatarski suburb of Lublin, Poland. Majdanek concentration camp is also often called the “other Auschwitz.” It was intended to provide labor for the entire region, which the SS wanted to turn into a German military-industrial-agricultural utopia. It provided a labor pool (mostly Jews) for labor camps in the area. Between 74,000 and 90,000 Jews were deported to Majdanek throughout its life. It also served as a transit camp for Polish and Soviet citizens who were being sent to forced labor in Germany. On November 3-4, 1943, most of the Jewish prisoners were murdered by shooting in the camp in an Aktion (German: action, operation) called “Operation Erntefest” (“Harvest Festival.”) Majdanek had a small gas chamber and crematorium so it was also an immediate extermination site although not on the scale of Auschwitz-Birkenau. About 500,000 persons passed through the camp over its life of which about 360,000 were murdered in a variety of ways. The camp was evacuated as the Russian army advanced with about half of the prisoners being sent to Auschwitz-Birkenau. In July 1944, the Russians liberated the camp.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/26236/file/93573#t=3450.0,3480.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/26236/file/93573/annotation_set/91/annotation/226","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe Einsatzgruppen were mobile units that followed the regular German army (Wehrmacht) into the Soviet Union when Germany invaded it in June 1941.  The four major groups were identified as ‘A,’ ‘B,’ ‘C,’ and ‘D’ and were broken up into smaller units (Einsatzkommandos) as they moved into occupied territories.  They were responsible for the deaths of a minimum of 1,000,000 Jews in the occupied East as well as anyone they perceived as an enemy of the state.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/26236/file/93573#t=3450.0,3480.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/26236/file/93573/annotation_set/91/annotation/227","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eFounded in 1904, Shearith Israel began as a congregation that met in the homes of congregants until 1906 when they began using a Methodist church on Hunter Street. Tobias Geffen who was the rabbi of Congregation Shearith Israel in Atlanta, Georgia from 1910 to 1970. After World War II, Rabbi Tobias Geffen moved the congregation to University Drive, where it became the first synagogue in DeKalb County. In the 1960’s, they removed the barrier between the men and women’s sections in the sanctuary, and officially became affiliated with the Conservative movement in 2002.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/26236/file/93573#t=3540.0,3570.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/26236/file/93573/annotation_set/91/annotation/228","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eAhavath Achim Congregation (often referred to as “AA”) was organized in 1886 as Congregation Ahawas Achim (Brotherly Love) and is Atlanta’s second oldest Jewish congregation. Organized by Jews of Eastern European descent, the congregation’s founding members felt uncomfortable in the established Hebrew Benevolent Congregation (The Temple) comprised primarily of Jews from Germany, who by the late 1800s had begun to liberalize their Orthodox doctrine.  Originally located in a rented room at 106 Gilmer Street, the congregation would make a succession of moves, to 120 Gilmer Street, to a hall on Decatur Street in 1895, to its first building in 1901 on the corner of Gilmer Street and Piedmont Avenue, to its second building on Washington Street in 1921, and finally, to its present location on Peachtree Battle Avenue in 1958. In 1928, Rabbi Harry H. Epstein was hired as Rabbi. He retained that position for the next 50 years. During the early years of Rabbi Epstein’s tenure, he slowly made innovations and modifications in congregational activities. By 1952, Ahavath Achim joined the Conservative Movement, with the most noticeable shift from Orthodoxy being the gradual change to mixed seating. Today, Ahavath Achim Congregation is the largest Conservative congregation in Atlanta.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/26236/file/93573#t=3540.0,3570.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/26236/file/93573/annotation_set/91/annotation/229","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eShul is a Yiddish word for synagogue that is derived from a German word meaning “school,” and emphasizes the synagogue's role as a place of study.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/26236/file/93573#t=3540.0,3570.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/26236/file/93573/annotation_set/91/annotation/230","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eEstablished in 2005, Congregation Dor Tamid is a Reform Jewish synagogue in Johns Creek, a suburb north of Atlanta, Georgia.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/26236/file/93573#t=3570.0,3600.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/26236/file/93573/annotation_set/91/annotation/231","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe London Iron and Metal Co. was a scrap metal salvage company founded in Atlanta, Georgia in 1936 by Mary and Max London. Along with their nephew, Sidney Feldman, they built their business into one of the foremost metal recycling businesses in the Southeast. The company was sold in 1989.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/26236/file/93573#t=3600.0,3630.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/26236/file/93573/annotation_set/91/annotation/232","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eSidney Feldman (1921-2005) was a leader of many organizations, both nationally and in Atlanta. Among his many honors were the B’nai B’rith Man of the Year, the Anti-Defamation League Abe Goldstein Human Relation's Award, Prime Minister's Medallion on the 25th anniversary of Israel, the National Council of Christians and Jews ‘Good Neighbor Award,’ and the American Jewish Committee Award for Advancing Understanding Among All People. He was National Vice-President of United Jewish Appeal, President Emeritus of the Jewish Federation of Greater Atlanta and past president of several organizations including the William Breman Jewish Home, and the Marcus Jewish Community Center.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/26236/file/93573#t=3600.0,3630.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/26236/file/93573/annotation_set/91/annotation/233","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eHershel’s father opened a small grocery store in the poor, Buttermilk Bottom neighborhood of Atlanta, now in Old Fourth Ward. The area is just south of where his family lived.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/26236/file/93573#t=3660.0,3690.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/26236/file/93573/annotation_set/91/annotation/234","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eEbenezer Baptist Church was completed in 1922 and is located in Atlanta’s historic Sweet Auburn district. Reverend Martin Luther King, Sr. became pastor of Ebenezer in 1931 and served until his retirement in 1975. From 1960 until his assassination in 1968, the Reverend Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr., joined his father as Co-Pastor, giving Ebenezer international stature. Ebenezer Baptist Church is now part of The Martin Luther King, Jr. National Historic Site.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/26236/file/93573#t=3750.0,3780.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/26236/file/93573/annotation_set/91/annotation/235","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eMartin Luther King, Jr. (1929-1968) is best known for his role as a leader in the Civil Rights Movement and the advancement of civil rights using nonviolent civil disobedience based on his Christian beliefs.  A Baptist minister, King became a civil rights activist early in his career.  He led the 1955 Montgomery Bus Boycott and helped found the Southern Christian Leadership Conference (SCLC) in 1957, serving as its first president. With the SCLC, King led an unsuccessful struggle against segregation in Albany, Georgia, in 1962, and organized nonviolent protests in Birmingham, Alabama, that attracted national attention following television news coverage of the brutal police response. King also helped to organize the 1963 March on Washington, where he delivered his famous \"I Have a Dream\" speech.  On October 14, 1964, King received the Nobel Peace Prize for combating racial inequality through nonviolence.  In 1965, he and the SCLC helped to organize the Selma to Montgomery marches and the following year, he took the movement north to Chicago to work on segregated housing.  King was assassinated on April 4, 1968 in Memphis, Tennessee. His death was followed by riots in many United States’ cities.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/26236/file/93573#t=3750.0,3780.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/26236/file/93573/annotation_set/91/annotation/236","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eHoke Smith High School was a high school in Atlanta, Georgia from 1947 to 1985. It was named for Michael Hoke Smith who was a United States Senator from Georgia, the 58th Governor of Georgia, and United States Secretary of the Interior.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/26236/file/93573#t=3930.0,3960.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/26236/file/93573/annotation_set/91/annotation/237","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eHighland Avenue is a major thoroughfare in northeast Atlanta, forming a major business corridor connecting five Intown neighborhoods.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/26236/file/93573#t=3930.0,3960.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/26236/file/93573/annotation_set/91/annotation/238","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe Grand Order of the Aleph Zadik Aleph (AZA) is an international youth-led fraternal organization for Jewish teenagers, founded in 1924. It currently exists as the male wing of B’nai B’rith Youth Organization, an independent non-profit organization. AZA’s sister organization, for teenage girls, is the B’nai B’rith Girls (BBG).\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/26236/file/93573#t=3990.0,4020.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/26236/file/93573/annotation_set/91/annotation/239","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eB'nai B'rith International [Hebrew: Children of the Covenant] is the oldest Jewish service organization in the world. B'nai B'rith states that it is committed to the security and continuity of the Jewish people and the State of Israel and combating antisemitism and bigotry. Its mission is to unite persons of the Jewish faith and to enhance Jewish identity through strengthening Jewish family life, to provide broad-based services for the benefit of senior citizens, and to facilitate advocacy and action on behalf of Jews throughout the world.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/26236/file/93573#t=3990.0,4020.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/26236/file/93573/annotation_set/91/annotation/240","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eA ‘greenhorn’ is an inexperienced person, and oftentimes refers to newcomers who are unfamiliar with the ways of a place or group. The form “greeny” or “greenie” was also widespread in America.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/26236/file/93573#t=4080.0,4110.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/26236/file/93573/annotation_set/91/annotation/241","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eEternal Life-Hemshech is an organization of Atlanta Holocaust survivors, their descendants and friends dedicated to commemorating the 6,000,000 Jewish victims of the Holocaust. Approximately 100 Holocaust survivors living in Atlanta, Georgia founded Eternal Life-Hemshech in 1964. Hemshech is a Hebrew word that means “continuation.” Their purpose was to \"perpetuate the memory of their beloved families along with all of the six million Jewish victims of the Holocaust.\" The group wanted the memorial to serve as a place to say Kaddish, the Jewish prayer for the dead. The committee was comprised Abraham Gastfiend, Mala Gastfiend, Gaston Nitka, Rubin Lansky, and Rubin Pichulik. Dr. Leon Rosen served as chairman and Lola Lansky and Nathan Bromberg were co- chairs. The Memorial to Six Million was dedicated in Atlanta’s Greenwood Cemetery in 1965.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/26236/file/93573#t=4080.0,4110.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/26236/file/93573/annotation_set/91/annotation/242","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eMacy's, originally R. H. Macy \u0026amp; Co., is a chain of department stores owned by American multinational corporation Macy's, Inc.  As of January 2014, it operates 850 department stores locations in the continental United States, Hawaii, Puerto Rico, and Guam, with a prominent Herald Square flagship location in New York City.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/26236/file/93573#t=4140.0,4170.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/26236/file/93573/annotation_set/91/annotation/243","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe Georgia Institute of Technology (commonly referred to as ‘Georgia Tech’ or ‘Tech’) is a public research university in Atlanta, Georgia, in the United States. It is a part of the University System of Georgia.  The educational institution was founded in 1885 as the Georgia School of Technology as part of Reconstruction plans to build an industrial economy in the post-Civil War Southern United States.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/26236/file/93573#t=4140.0,4170.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/26236/file/93573/annotation_set/91/annotation/244","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eW. T. Grant or Grants was a United States-based chain of mass-merchandise stores founded by William Thomas Grant that operated from 1906 until 1976. The stores were generally of the variety store format located in downtowns. The first \"W. T. Grant Co. 25 Cent Store\" opened in Lynn, Massachusetts in 1906. At the time of the demise of William Thomas Grant in 1972, the business had expanded to almost 1,200 stores.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e[1] Piedmont Park is a 189-acre park located just north of downtown Atlanta. It was originally designed by Joseph Forsyth Johnson to host the first Piedmont Exhibition in 1887.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/26236/file/93573#t=4200.0,4230.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/26236/file/93573/annotation_set/91/annotation/245","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eZayre was a chain of discount stores that operated in the eastern half of the United States from 1956 to 1990. The company's headquarters was in Framingham, Massachusetts. In October 1988, Zayre's parent company, Zayre Corp., sold the stores to the competing Ames Department Stores, Inc. chain, and in June 1989, Zayre Corp. merged with one of its subsidiaries, The TJX Companies, parent company of T.J. Maxx.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/26236/file/93573#t=4200.0,4230.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/26236/file/93573/annotation_set/91/annotation/246","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eDavison's of Atlanta was a department store chain and an Atlanta shopping institution. Davison's first opened its doors in Atlanta in 1891 and had its origins in the Davison \u0026amp; Douglas Company. In 1901, the store changed its name to Davison-Paxon-Stokes after the retirement of E. Lee Douglas from the business and the appointment of Frederic John Paxon as treasurer. Davison-Paxon-Stokes sold out to R.H. Macy \u0026amp; Co. in 1925. By 1927, R.H. Macy built the Peachtree Street store that still stands today. That same year the company dropped the ‘Stokes’ to become Davison Paxon Co.  Davison’s took the Macy's name in 1986.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/26236/file/93573#t=4440.0,4470.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/26236/file/93573/annotation_set/91/annotation/247","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eTheodore Roosevelt (1858-1919) was the 26th President of the United States from 1901-1909.  He was the vice-president and when President McKinley was assassinated on September 6, 1901 Roosevelt became President.  Known as ‘TR’ or ‘Teddy Roosevelt’ his famous slogan was “Speak softly and carry a big stick.”  He is also known for the ‘Rough Riders,’ a volunteer cavalry regiment he formed that fought in Cuba in the Spanish-American War.  He was a Democrat and started a third party of his own, the Bull Moose Party.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/26236/file/93573#t=4500.0,4530.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/26236/file/93573/annotation_set/91/annotation/248","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eNorcross is a suburb of Atlanta, Georgia, located approximately 18 miles northeast of downtown.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/26236/file/93573#t=4560.0,4590.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/26236/file/93573/annotation_set/91/annotation/249","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe Katherine and Jacob Greenfield Hebrew Academy was the first Jewish day school in Atlanta, and was founded in 1953.  As of mid-2014 the Greenfield Hebrew Academy (grades pre-K through 8) and Yeshiva High School (grades 9-12) merged into one college preparatory day school now called the Atlanta Jewish Academy.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/26236/file/93573#t=4590.0,4620.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/26236/file/93573/annotation_set/91/annotation/250","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eSeder [Hebrew: order] is a Jewish ritual feast that marks the beginning of the Jewish holiday of Passover. It is conducted on the evening of the fifteenth day of Nisan in the Hebrew calendar throughout the world.  Some communities hold seder on both the first two nights of Passover. The seder incorporates prayers, candle lighting, and traditional foods symbolizing the slavery of the Jews and the exodus from Egypt. It is one of the most colorful and joyous occasions in Jewish life.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/26236/file/93573#t=4620.0,4650.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/26236/file/93573/annotation_set/91/annotation/251","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eKroger is a supermarket chain operating in the southeastern United States.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/26236/file/93573#t=4710.0,4740.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/26236/file/93573/annotation_set/91/annotation/252","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eFounded in 1870, the Ohio State University, commonly referred to as Ohio State or OSU, is a large public research university in Columbus, Ohio.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/26236/file/93573#t=4800.0,4830.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/26236/file/93573/annotation_set/91/annotation/253","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eInitially intended as a night school, Georgia State University was established in 1913 as the Georgia Institute of Technology's Evening School of Commerce. A reorganization of the university system of Georgia in the 1930’s led to the school becoming the Atlanta Extension Center of the University System of Georgia and allowed night students to earn degrees from several colleges in the university System. During this time, the school was divided into two divisions: Georgia Evening College, and Atlanta Junior College. In 1947, the school became affiliated with the University of Georgia and was named the ‘Atlanta Division of the University of Georgia.’ The school was later removed from the University of Georgia in 1955 and became the Georgia State College of Business Administration. In 1961 the name was shortened to Georgia State College. It became Georgia State University in 1969.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/26236/file/93573#t=4800.0,4830.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/26236/file/93573/annotation_set/91/annotation/254","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eGeorgia Southern University is part of the University System of Georgia, located in Statesboro, Georgia, that was founded in 1906 as a land grant college.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/26236/file/93573#t=4830.0,4860.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/26236/file/93573/annotation_set/91/annotation/255","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eBearing Witness, is a series that features Holocaust survivors, all Atlanta residents, who recall their experiences during the Holocaust. The Breman Museum hosts the Bearing Witness series through a generous grant from the Sara Giles Moore Foundation. Hershel has participated in the series multiple times.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/26236/file/93573#t=4860.0,4890.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/26236/file/93573/annotation_set/91/annotation/256","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eJudy Bauer Cohen serves on the board of the Breman Museum.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/26236/file/93573#t=4890.0,4920.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/26236/file/93573/annotation_set/91/annotation/257","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eRabbi Bradley Levenberg joined the Temple Sinai of Atlanta clergy in 2006, serving first as Assistant and presently (2019) as Associate Rabbi. In addition to his service to the congregation, he serves on the board of the American Jewish Committee and the Association of Reform Zionists of America. He has received numerous accolades for his work in the arena of civil rights.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/26236/file/93573#t=4980.0,5010.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/26236/file/93573/annotation_set/91/annotation/258","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eTemple Sinai was founded as a Reform congregation in 1968 and met in a variety of locations before establishing a synagogue on Dupree Drive in Sandy Springs, north of Atlanta. Rabbi Richard Lehrman was chosen as the congregation's founding rabbi.  The current rabbi is Rabbi Ron Segal (2019).\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/26236/file/93573#t=4980.0,5010.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/26236/file/93573/annotation_set/91/annotation/259","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eBen Gurion Airport, commonly known by its Hebrew acronym as Natbag, is the main international airport of Israel and the busiest airport in the country, located on the northern outskirts of the city of Lod, which is about 28 miles (45 kilometers) northwest of Jerusalem and 12 miles (20 kilometers) to the southeast of Tel Aviv.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/26236/file/93573#t=5010.0,5040.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/26236/file/93573/annotation_set/91/annotation/260","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eHebrew University of Jerusalem is Israel's second oldest university, established in 1918, 30 years before the State of Israel.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/26236/file/93573#t=5040.0,5070.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/26236/file/93573/annotation_set/91/annotation/261","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eHatikvah [Hebrew: hope] is the national anthem of Israel. It was the unofficial national anthem of Israel from its founding in 1948, and was adopted officially in 2004.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/26236/file/93573#t=5040.0,5070.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/26236/file/93573/annotation_set/91/annotation/262","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe Golan Heights is a rocky plateau in the mountains that overlook southern Syria. It was captured by Israel in the 1967 Six­Day War and they retain it as a national security buffer zone.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/26236/file/93573#t=5070.0,5100.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/26236/file/93573/annotation_set/91/annotation/263","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe Dead Sea, also known as the Salt Sea, is a salt lake bordered by Jordan to the east and Israel and the West Bank to the west. It is the lowest place on earth, roughly 1,300 feet (400 meters) below sea level. Visitors can float effortlessly on the waters of Dead Sea due to its concentration of minerals, which is the highest in the world.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/26236/file/93573#t=5070.0,5100.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/26236/file/93573/annotation_set/91/annotation/264","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eA bar mitzvah [Hebrew: son of commandment] is a rite of passage for Jewish boys aged 13 years and one day. At that time, a Jewish boy is considered a responsible adult for most religious purposes. He is now duty bound to keep the commandments, he puts on tefillin, and may be counted to the minyan quorum for public worship. He celebrates the bar mitzvah by being called up to the reading of the Torah in the synagogue, usually on the next available Sabbath after his Hebrew birthday.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/26236/file/93573#t=5100.0,5130.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/26236/file/93573/annotation_set/91/annotation/265","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eA bat mitzvah [Hebrew: daughter of commandment] is a rite of passage for Jewish girls aged 12 years and one day according to her Hebrew birthday. Many girls have their bat mitzvah around age 13, the same as boys who have their bar mitzvah at that age. She is now duty bound to keep the commandments. Synagogue ceremonies are held for bat mitzvah girls in Reform and Conservative communities, but it has not won the universal approval of Orthodox rabbis.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/26236/file/93573#t=5100.0,5130.0"}]},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/26236/file/93573/index/46780","type":"AnnotationPage","label":{"en":["Hershel Greenblat [Index]"]},"items":[{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/26236/file/93573/index/46780/annotation/266","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Genealogy","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Title"]}}],"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/26236/file/93573#t=90.0,243.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/26236/file/93573/index/46780/annotation/267","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"What were the names of your parents? What was your father's name?","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Partial Transcript"]}}],"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/26236/file/93573#t=90.0,243.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/26236/file/93573/index/46780/annotation/268","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Family history","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Genealogy","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Poland","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Ukraine","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}}],"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/26236/file/93573#t=90.0,243.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/26236/file/93573/index/46780/annotation/269","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Holocaust","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Title"]}}],"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/26236/file/93573#t=243.0,510.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/26236/file/93573/index/46780/annotation/270","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Let us go to the Holocaust years. I heard you say that you were born in a cave?","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Partial Transcript"]}}],"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/26236/file/93573#t=243.0,510.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/26236/file/93573/index/46780/annotation/271","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Cave","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Holocaust","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Ukraine","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}}],"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/26236/file/93573#t=243.0,510.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/26236/file/93573/index/46780/annotation/272","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Resistance","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Title"]}}],"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/26236/file/93573#t=510.0,1044.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/26236/file/93573/index/46780/annotation/273","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"resistance as far as against the Russian police, the Russian . . . and some of the locals also persecuted them also","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Partial Transcript"]}}],"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/26236/file/93573#t=510.0,1044.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/26236/file/93573/index/46780/annotation/274","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Cave","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Holocaust","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Resistance","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Ukraine","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"World War II","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}}],"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/26236/file/93573#t=510.0,1044.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/26236/file/93573/index/46780/annotation/275","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Displaced Persons Camp","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Title"]}}],"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/26236/file/93573#t=1044.0,2143.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/26236/file/93573/index/46780/annotation/276","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"They wanted to cross into Austria because there was a DP camp, a displaced persons camp outside of Salzburg, Austria. That's really my first memory. I do remember that morning that we got to the DP camp.","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Partial Transcript"]}}],"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/26236/file/93573#t=1044.0,2143.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/26236/file/93573/index/46780/annotation/277","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Austria","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Displaced Persons Camp","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Holocaust","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"World War II","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}}],"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/26236/file/93573#t=1044.0,2143.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/26236/file/93573/index/46780/annotation/278","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Israel","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Title"]}}],"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/26236/file/93573#t=2143.0,2231.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/26236/file/93573/index/46780/annotation/279","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"What were your parents aiming at? Where did they want to end up?","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Partial Transcript"]}}],"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/26236/file/93573#t=2143.0,2231.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/26236/file/93573/index/46780/annotation/280","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Holocaust","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Israel","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"World War II","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}}],"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/26236/file/93573#t=2143.0,2231.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/26236/file/93573/index/46780/annotation/281","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"United States","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Title"]}}],"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/26236/file/93573#t=2231.0,2502.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/26236/file/93573/index/46780/annotation/282","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I remember my mother said that officials came into the camp and announced that we could sign up to go to America. My mother decided just to sign up. 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We saw the New York [City] skyline and the Statue of Liberty. Everybody was crying and cheering. The soldiers were pointing at the Statue of Liberty.","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Partial Transcript"]}}],"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/26236/file/93573#t=2502.0,2706.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/26236/file/93573/index/46780/annotation/286","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"America","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Holocaust","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Immigration","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"New York City","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"United States","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"World War II","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}}],"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/26236/file/93573#t=2502.0,2706.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/26236/file/93573/index/46780/annotation/287","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Atlanta","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Title"]}}],"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/26236/file/93573#t=2706.0,3289.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/26236/file/93573/index/46780/annotation/288","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"The conductor told us we had to get off. We were going to change trains in Washington to go to Atlanta. We had no idea . . . Atlanta.","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Partial Transcript"]}}],"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/26236/file/93573#t=2706.0,3289.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/26236/file/93573/index/46780/annotation/289","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Atlanta","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Holocaust","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Holocaust suvivors","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Immigration","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"World War II","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}}],"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/26236/file/93573#t=2706.0,3289.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/26236/file/93573/index/46780/annotation/290","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Life in Atlanta","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Title"]}}],"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/26236/file/93573#t=3289.0,4099.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/26236/file/93573/index/46780/annotation/291","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Your life in Atlanta started at that point.","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Partial Transcript"]}}],"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/26236/file/93573#t=3289.0,4099.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/26236/file/93573/index/46780/annotation/292","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Atlanta (Ga.)","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Holocaust","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Resettlement","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}}],"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/26236/file/93573#t=3289.0,4099.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/26236/file/93573/index/46780/annotation/293","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Eternal Life-Hemshech","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Title"]}}],"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/26236/file/93573#t=4099.0,4239.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/26236/file/93573/index/46780/annotation/294","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"The group, [Eternal Life-]Hemshech . . . My father was one of the founders of Hemshech. Very close. I was the oldest of the Greenies' children. They had the Jewish Alliance over on Capital Avenue. Everybody kind of met there. Some of the people that I'm working with now, they were young kids.","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Partial Transcript"]}}],"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/26236/file/93573#t=4099.0,4239.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/26236/file/93573/index/46780/annotation/295","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Atlanta (Ga.)","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Holocaust survivors","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}}],"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/26236/file/93573#t=4099.0,4239.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/26236/file/93573/index/46780/annotation/296","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Meeting Rochelle","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Title"]}}],"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/26236/file/93573#t=4239.0,4859.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/26236/file/93573/index/46780/annotation/297","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"In the meantime, you met your wife?","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Partial Transcript"]}}],"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/26236/file/93573#t=4239.0,4859.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/26236/file/93573/index/46780/annotation/298","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Trip to Israel","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Title"]}}],"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/26236/file/93573#t=4859.0,5456.035"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/26236/file/93573/index/46780/annotation/299","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"You were invited on a trip to Israel not that long ago? How did that happen?","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Partial Transcript"]}}],"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/26236/file/93573#t=4859.0,5456.035"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/26236/file/93573/index/46780/annotation/300","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Israel","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}}],"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/26236/file/93573#t=4859.0,5456.035"}]}]}]}