{"@context":"http://iiif.io/api/presentation/3/context.json","id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/iiif/7940r9n41x/manifest","type":"Manifest","label":{"en":["Epplebaum, Lawrence"]},"logo":"https://d9jk7wjtjpu5g.cloudfront.net/organizations/logo_images/000/000/082/original/TheBreman_SecondaryMark_Horizontal_Blue_Black.png?1713640889","metadata":[{"label":{"en":["Date"]},"value":{"en":["2006-07-13 (captured)"]}},{"label":{"en":["Format"]},"value":{"en":["Video"]}},{"label":{"en":["Source"]},"value":{"en":["William Breman Jewish Heritage Museum","Esther and Herbert Taylor Jewish Oral History Collection","Elliott and Judith Cohen Oral History Project"]}},{"label":{"en":["Description"]},"value":{"en":["\u003cp\u003eDr. Lawrence Epplebaum was interviewed by unknown individuals on July 13, 2006 in Atlanta, Georgia.\u003c/p\u003e (general)","\u003cp\u003e            Dr. Lawrence Epplebaum was born in Riga, Latvia on March 14, 1959.  His parents divorced when he was three years old. When he was around 12 years old, he moved with his mother to Moscow, Russia where he grew up. His mother worked as an architect. She later remarried and he lived with his mother and stepfather.\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\u003cp\u003e            He graduated in 1983 from the Second Moscow Medical School. He worked as a physician in Moscow until he escaped from Russia in 1987. After he escaped to West Germany, he received a visa to visit family in the United States. Once he arrived in the United States, he sought and received political asylum. His mother, wife and son immigrated to the United States a year later. They initially settled in Dallas, Texas.\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\u003cp\u003e            Lawrence studied to become a licensed doctor in the United States. In 1993, he graduated from Brackenridge Hospital in Austin, Texas. He opened an internal medical practice in Atlanta, Georgia in 1995. In February 2014, he was sentenced to 50 months in federal prison and fined $3.5 million after being convicted of health care fraud, tax fraud and money laundering. He continues to practice internal medicine in Atlanta. Lawrence and his wife have a son and two daughters.\u003c/p\u003e (bioghist)","\u003cp\u003e           Lawrence discusses being born in Riga, Latvia in 1959 and moving to Moscow, Russia when he was around 12 years old. He mentions that his parents divorced when he was three and that his mother raised him. He recalls graduating from Second Moscow Medical School in 1983. Lawrence describes what life was like growing up as a Jew in Moscow. He reflects on practicing his religion. He also describes his interactions with non-Jewish people. He recounts the antisemitism he experienced getting into medical school, while he was in medical school, and the few months he had to serve in the military.\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\u003cp\u003e            He shares more about his family and specifically his grandfather who was a colonel in the army and member the Communist Party. Lawrence recalls most of his friends were Jewish and that the majority have now immigrated to either the United States, Israel or Canada. He discusses his long-standing desire to immigrate to the United States and how other family members had immigrated in 1980. Lawrence describes how escaped Russia via West Germany and finally made it to the United States in 1987. He spoke about how his mother and wife knew about his plan to immigrate and how he felt leaving them alone in Russia. He recounts them immigrating a year after him.\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\u003cp\u003e            Lawrence talks about settling in Dallas, Texas, getting his first job at an optical factory, and studying for his medical board exams. He recounts graduating from Brackenridge Hospital in Austin, Texas and why they eventually moved to Atlanta, Georgia. He spoke about his wife and shares a little about his children and hope they will all become physicians. He shares his positive relationship with the Jewish community in Atlanta and some of the connections he has made. Lawrence discusses his nonprofit organization, Back Pain Fund. He expresses his happiness in being an American citizen along with his family.\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\u003cp\u003e            Lawrence reflects on his one trip back to Moscow and provides greater detail on the reasons he wanted to immigrate to the United States. He discusses his hope to visit Israel and shares why he didn’t immigrate there. He reflects on the challenges he had in trying to pass his medical boards when he didn’t speak English. He finishes the interview by recalling how he and his friends helped his wife and son immigrated to the United States after he had already arrived in the United States.\u003c/p\u003e (scope content)"]}},{"label":{"en":["Source Metadata URI"]},"value":{"en":["https://archivesspace.thebreman.org/repositories/2/archival_objects/28980"]}},{"label":{"en":["Rights Statement"]},"value":{"en":["\u003cp\u003eAll rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, recorded by any information storage and retrieval system, without the express written consent of the William Breman Jewish Heritage Museum.\u003c/p\u003e"]}},{"label":{"en":["Subject"]},"value":{"en":["Epplebaum, Lawrence (1959-) (personal name)","Epplebaum, Alexander (personal name)","Stalin, Joseph (1878-1953) (personal name)","London, Jack (1879-1916) (personal name)","Soviet Union (geographic term)","United States (geographic term)","West Germany (geographic term)","Riga, Latvia (geographic term)","Moscow, Russia (geographic term)","Siegburg, Germany (geographic term)","Baikonur, Kazakhstan (geographic term)","Dallas, Texas (geographic term)","Austin, Texas (geographic term)","Atlanta, Georgia (geographic term)","Camilla, Georgia (geographic term)","Hiawassee, Georgia (geographic term)","Trenton, New Jersey (geographic term)","Second Moscow Medical School (corporate name)","Temple Kol Emeth (corporate name)","Beth Jacob Synagogue (corporate name)","Torah Day School (corporate name)","Jewish Federation (corporate name)","Back Pain Fund (corporate name)","Kaplan Courses (corporate name)","Voice of America (corporate name)","Synagogue (other)","Komsomol (other)","KGB (other)","Communist Party (other)","Medical School (other)","Political Asylum (other)","Jewish (other)","Antisemitism (other)","Military (other)","American Citizens (other)","Yom Kippur (other)"]}}],"summary":{"en":["\u003cp\u003eDr. Lawrence Epplebaum was interviewed by unknown individuals on July 13, 2006 in Atlanta, Georgia.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; Dr. Lawrence Epplebaum was born in Riga, Latvia on March 14, 1959. \u0026nbsp;His parents divorced when he was three years old. When he was around 12 years old, he moved with his mother to Moscow, Russia where he grew up. His mother worked as an architect. She later remarried and he lived with his mother and stepfather.\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; He graduated in 1983 from the Second Moscow Medical School. He worked as a physician in Moscow until he escaped from Russia in 1987. After he escaped to West Germany, he received a visa to visit family in the United States. Once he arrived in the United States, he sought and received political asylum. His mother, wife and son immigrated to the United States a year later. They initially settled in Dallas, Texas.\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; Lawrence studied to become a licensed doctor in the United States. In 1993, he graduated from Brackenridge Hospital in Austin, Texas. He opened an internal medical practice in Atlanta, Georgia in 1995. In February 2014, he was sentenced to 50 months in federal prison and fined $3.5 million after being convicted of health care fraud, tax fraud and money laundering. He continues to practice internal medicine in Atlanta. Lawrence and his wife have a son and two daughters.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp;Lawrence discusses being born in Riga, Latvia in 1959 and moving to Moscow, Russia when he was around 12 years old. He mentions that his parents divorced when he was three and that his mother raised him. He recalls graduating from Second Moscow Medical School in 1983. Lawrence describes what life was like growing up as a Jew in Moscow. He reflects on practicing his religion. He also describes his interactions with non-Jewish people. He recounts the antisemitism he experienced getting into medical school, while he was in medical school, and the few months he had to serve in the military.\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; He shares more about his family and specifically his grandfather who was a colonel in the army and member the Communist Party. Lawrence recalls most of his friends were Jewish and that the majority have now immigrated to either the United States, Israel or Canada. He discusses his long-standing desire to immigrate to the United States and how other family members had immigrated in 1980. Lawrence describes how escaped Russia via West Germany and finally made it to the United States in 1987. He spoke about how his mother and wife knew about his plan to immigrate and how he felt leaving them alone in Russia. He recounts them immigrating a year after him.\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; Lawrence talks about settling in Dallas, Texas, getting his first job at an optical factory, and studying for his medical board exams. He recounts graduating from Brackenridge Hospital in Austin, Texas and why they eventually moved to Atlanta, Georgia. He spoke about his wife and shares a little about his children and hope they will all become physicians. He shares his positive relationship with the Jewish community in Atlanta and some of the connections he has made. Lawrence discusses his nonprofit organization, Back Pain Fund. He expresses his happiness in being an American citizen along with his family.\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; Lawrence reflects on his one trip back to Moscow and provides greater detail on the reasons he wanted to immigrate to the United States. He discusses his hope to visit Israel and shares why he didn\u0026rsquo;t immigrate there. He reflects on the challenges he had in trying to pass his medical boards when he didn\u0026rsquo;t speak English. He finishes the interview by recalling how he and his friends helped his wife and son immigrated to the United States after he had already arrived in the United States.\u003c/p\u003e"]},"requiredStatement":{"label":{"en":["Attribution"]},"value":{"en":["\u003cp\u003eAll rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, recorded by any information storage and retrieval system, without the express written consent of the William Breman Jewish Heritage Museum.\u003c/p\u003e"]}},"provider":[{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/aboutus","type":"Agent","label":{"en":["William Breman Jewish Heritage Museum"]},"homepage":[{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/","type":"Text","label":{"en":["William Breman Jewish Heritage Museum"]},"format":"text/html"}],"logo":[{"id":"https://d9jk7wjtjpu5g.cloudfront.net/organizations/logo_images/000/000/082/original/TheBreman_SecondaryMark_Horizontal_Blue_Black.png?1713640889","type":"Image"}]}],"thumbnail":[{"id":"https://d9jk7wjtjpu5g.cloudfront.net/collection_resource_files/thumbnails/000/170/726/small/Epplebaum_Lawrence.mp4_1668378228.jpg?1668378230","type":"Image","format":"image/jpeg"}],"items":[{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/82504/file/170726","type":"Canvas","label":{"en":["Media File 1 of 1 - Epplebaum_Lawrence.mp4"]},"duration":1752.251,"width":640,"height":360,"thumbnail":[{"id":"https://d9jk7wjtjpu5g.cloudfront.net/collection_resource_files/thumbnails/000/170/726/small/Epplebaum_Lawrence.mp4_1668378228.jpg?1668378230","type":"Image","format":"image/jpeg"}],"items":[{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/82504/file/170726/content/1","type":"AnnotationPage","items":[{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/82504/file/170726/content/1/annotation/1","type":"Annotation","motivation":"painting","body":{"id":"https://aviary-p-thebreman.s3.wasabisys.com/collection_resource_files/resource_files/000/170/726/original/Epplebaum_Lawrence.mp4?1668378227","type":"Video","format":"video/mp4","duration":1752.251,"width":640,"height":360},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/82504/file/170726","metadata":[]}]}],"annotations":[{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/82504/file/170726/transcript/40650","type":"AnnotationPage","label":{"en":["Epplebaum, Lawrence [Transcript]"]},"items":[{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/82504/file/170726/transcript/40650/annotation/1","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"UNKNOWN: Today is July 13th, 2006. I'm here with Dr. Epplebaum, who's agreed\nto be interviewed for the Elliott and Judith Cohen Oral History Project within\nthe Esther and Herbert Taylor Oral History Collection of the William Breman\nJewish Heritage Museum. Dr. Epplebaum, thank you very much for coming today.\n\nEPPLEBAUM: Sure. You're welcome.\n\nUNKNOWN: Would you begin, please, by giving me your full name and spelling it out?\n\nEPPLEBAUM: Lawrence. L-A-W-R-E-N-C-E. Epplebaum. E-P-P-L-E-B-A-U-M.\n\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/82504/file/170726#t=0.0,30.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/82504/file/170726/transcript/40650/annotation/2","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"UNKNOWN: Thank you. I'd like you to begin by if you don't mind describing your\nearly life, where and when you were born, maybe a little bit about your family\nand childhood.\n\nEPPLEBAUM: Sure. I was born in 1959 in Riga, which is the capital of Latvia, and\nlived there not for a long time, about maybe 12 years, and moved to Moscow.\nSince then, I mean, to immigration, I've been in Moscow. My mother ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/82504/file/170726#t=30.0,60.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/82504/file/170726/transcript/40650/annotation/3","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"was architect\nand she's an architect actually here, too. My father and she [were] divorced\nwhen I was three years old. Basically, I lived with my mother. In Moscow, I\ngraduated from Second Moscow Medical School in 1983 and successfully immigrated,\nactually escaped from Russia in 1987. [I] asked for political asylum in the\nUnited States and was granted.\n\nUNKNOWN: You spent most of your young adult life in Moscow?\n\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/82504/file/170726#t=60.0,90.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/82504/file/170726/transcript/40650/annotation/4","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"EPPLEBAUM: In Moscow, yes.\n\nUNKNOWN: Could you describe what it's like to be Jewish in Moscow at the time?\n\nEPPLEBAUM: It's different. It's different in a way that even, for example, in\nthe Jewish holidays, when we went to synagogues to celebrate, there were always\n. . . somebody from medical school, [a] representative of Komsomol. They were\nlooking for who is there, and they put them on a paper who was there. Obviously,\nthere was some kind of discussion after that ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/82504/file/170726#t=90.0,120.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/82504/file/170726/transcript/40650/annotation/5","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"in the medical school. There were\nsome problems, definitely problems to be Jewish in Russia. It's probably not the\nbest thing to be. But at the same time, I've been always proud of my nationality.\n\nUNKNOWN: What holidays did you go to synagogue on?\n\nEPPLEBAUM: It was not specific because . . . Yom Kippur. Almost everyone,\nwhenever I had time or opportunities.\n\nUNKNOWN: Your family and you went to synagogue and celebrated the holidays?\n\nEPPLEBAUM: Mostly [just] holidays, not on a regular basis.\n\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/82504/file/170726#t=120.0,150.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/82504/file/170726/transcript/40650/annotation/6","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"UNKNOWN: How would you describe your interaction with the non-Jews around you?\n\nEPPLEBAUM: Again, depends. There is a lot of people who were very nice and I had\na lot of friends, obviously not Jewish because in percentage of the Jews, not a\nbig percentage population of Russia obviously. I had friends of almost every\nnationality there. But obviously, there was some problem as well because among\nthe Russians there was antisemitism, very prominent. It was basically\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/82504/file/170726#t=150.0,180.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/82504/file/170726/transcript/40650/annotation/7","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"governmental politic. There were some problems as well. Some mixed feelings.\n\nUNKNOWN: You were talking about being kind of watched over when you were in\nmedical school. Did you experience antisemitism . . . in medical school?\n\nEPPLEBAUM: Definitely. Especially when I was applying for medical school and I\nwas taking exams. No question about that. I had a pretty hard time passing exams\nspecifically because of the nationality. Actually, I was told by ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/82504/file/170726#t=180.0,210.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/82504/file/170726/transcript/40650/annotation/8","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"the examiner\nlater on when I was introduced to him on a casual occasion that actually he was\ngiven the instruction, different instructions, to reduce the amount of Jews in\nthe medical school as much as possible.\n\nUNKNOWN: It must have been a challenge for you to even get to medical school.\n\nEPPLEBAUM: It was a challenge. But again, it's a statistically known fact that\nthe Jewish people, usually in most of the cases, are prepared much better than\nother ones in Russia. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/82504/file/170726#t=210.0,240.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/82504/file/170726/transcript/40650/annotation/9","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Yes, it was a problem, but we kind of get through it.\n\nUNKNOWN: Once you were in the school, did you continue to feel any discrimination?\n\nEPPLEBAUM: Sometimes, for example, after fifth-year medical school, we were\nsupposed to go to the army training. Definitely were there. Most of the time in\nthe medical school itself, on occasions. Yes, on occasions there were some\nantisemitic, slogans or ethnic expressions. But again, I was pretty . . . ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/82504/file/170726#t=240.0,270.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/82504/file/170726/transcript/40650/annotation/10","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I\nwould say blessed in the way that I didn't interact with a lot of problems. At\nleast I was not beaten.\n\nUNKNOWN: In the fifth year of medical to go for Army training.\n\nEPPLEBAUM: Short one year to two months.\n\nUNKNOWN: You only had spent two months serving.\n\nEPPLEBAUM: Yes, thank god, not more.\n\nUNKNOWN: Wow. Would you recall when you think about how ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/82504/file/170726#t=270.0,300.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/82504/file/170726/transcript/40650/annotation/11","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"your parents or your\ngrandparents observed either religious or cultural Judaism?\n\nEPPLEBAUM: Definitely everybody in our family understand [and] appreciate that\nwe were Jewish. No question about that. But again, because of the Russia very\nspecific country, my grandfather was an army colonel, so he was a member of the\nCommunist Party. Otherwise he would not be able to be an army. He was a hero of\nthe war and he was kind of, not very, ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/82504/file/170726#t=300.0,330.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/82504/file/170726/transcript/40650/annotation/12","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"he was cosmopolitan. For him, everybody\nwas the same. But at the same time, definitely, the holidays [were] observed.\nIt's kind of a very interesting combination of . . . one side to be cosmopolitan\nand to the other side to be Jewish. It's very interesting. Probably can happen\nonly in Russia.\n\nUNKNOWN: The probably weren't many Jews in his position in the army.\n\nEPPLEBAUM: Not at all. Actually, there was very funny fact. It was in Latvia in\nRiga where, I don't remember exactly what year was it, but there was a very,\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/82504/file/170726#t=330.0,360.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/82504/file/170726/transcript/40650/annotation/13","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"very known to the world case of the physicians about [Joseph] Stalin's death and\nstuff like that. After that there was a strong persecution of, of Jews in Russia\nand all other republics of [the] former Soviet Union. At that time, my\ngrandfather had pretty high position in the government in Latvia. He was given a\nletter from the party administration which was almost like unbelievable and\njokes. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/82504/file/170726#t=360.0,390.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/82504/file/170726/transcript/40650/annotation/14","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"It said that don't consider Alexander Sage Epplebaum as a Jew and do not\nsanction him.\n\nUNKNOWN: Wow.\n\nEPPLEBAUM: It was kind of almost crazy. But he was able to live his life and\ndied of natural causes and was buried there in Latvia.\n\nUNKNOWN: How would you, in your experiences, compare Jewish life in a large,\nmore cosmopolitan city like Moscow, ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/82504/file/170726#t=390.0,420.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/82504/file/170726/transcript/40650/annotation/15","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"as maybe to living in Latvia?\n\nEPPLEBAUM: I was very little when I was in Latvia. I left Latvia when I was like\n11 or 12 years old. I really cannot even compare. Most of my life experience was\nin Moscow.\n\nUNKNOWN: Okay. Could you describe your friends from when you were either growing\nup or when you're older that lived in Moscow? The kind of friends you had.\n\nEPPLEBAUM: I would guess probably a good 90% are Jewish.\n\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/82504/file/170726#t=420.0,450.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/82504/file/170726/transcript/40650/annotation/16","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"UNKNOWN: Really?\n\nEPPLEBAUM: Yes. Most of them either here or Israel or Canada right now.\nBasically, I don't think, I have just one or two friends left in Russia. Most of\nmy friends are here.\n\nUNKNOWN: Most people have got out when they could.\n\nEPPLEBAUM: Yes.\n\nUNKNOWN: When did you first consider immigrating?\n\nEPPLEBAUM: Oh, I was considering immigrating for a long time. Actually, from\nprobably middle school, I would guess. I was thinking about, I don't know, part\nof my family immigrated to the United States in the early eighties. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/82504/file/170726#t=450.0,480.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/82504/file/170726/transcript/40650/annotation/17","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"My aunt, my\nuncle and my brother, cousin. I was thinking about to do that at that time. But\nmy mother insisted that I go through medical school in Russia. When I finished\nmy medical schools and training in surgery at that time, the border was closed.\nThere was impossible to immigrate. I was just waiting. I've been waiting,\nwaiting, waiting. In fact, I didn't wait enough. I mean, because I actually\nescaped from Russia. I escaped in March 1987 ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/82504/file/170726#t=480.0,510.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/82504/file/170726/transcript/40650/annotation/18","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and I believe in September 1987,\nimmigration was allowed. If I would knew, I would probably go easiest way,\nbut I went hardest way. I escaped through West Germany at that time, and with a\nSoviet passport. I just never go back. I went as a tourist there, never get\nback. I didn't have anybody there. I didn't have money, I didn't have anything\nbecause obviously I didn't take anything with me except just, small case and\nsuitcase. Basically lived in the underground, ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/82504/file/170726#t=510.0,540.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/82504/file/170726/transcript/40650/annotation/19","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"ate [at the] Salvation Army.\n\nUNKNOWN: In Germany.\n\nEPPLEBAUM: In Germany, yes.\n\nUNKNOWN: Did you plan to do that when you went to Germany?\n\nEPPLEBAUM: Yes, I definitely planned not to go back to Russia. I want to go to\nUnited States. I never ask for political asylum in Germany. This was the reason\nwhy I was on the streets. I spent about two months in Germany and there was . .\n. I was lucky enough to get tourist visas. Kind of funny story to [the] United\nStates, because ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/82504/file/170726#t=540.0,570.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/82504/file/170726/transcript/40650/annotation/20","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"obviously nobody would give me entering visa to United States\nwith Russian passport being in Germany. When I came to live in Siegburg\n[Germany], there was a small consulate, American consulate. I went there and\nobviously, I didn't have a car. I couldn't drive, didn't drive at that time. The\npeople who actually drove me there, they didn't want to take me there for a long\ntime because they said that's just wasting of our time because no chance.\nBecause I have a German who lives and born ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/82504/file/170726#t=570.0,600.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/82504/file/170726/transcript/40650/annotation/21","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"in German had to prove that they will\nnever stay United States. I said, \"just asked them to do it.\" When I came to\nAmerican Consulate there was six windows, six councils and long, long, long,\nlong line. I was standing in line. They called my name, and I came to the\nwindow. My English was . . . I don't know, probably close to zero. I started\ntalking because I was preparing to say something. Actually, I thought too\nbecause my grandmother, my aunt was here ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/82504/file/170726#t=600.0,630.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/82504/file/170726/transcript/40650/annotation/22","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"in Dallas, in Texas, and suddenly the\nperson on the other side of the window start speaking with me in clear and\nperfect Russia. Okay. It was very, very nice because she was working in Moscow,\nan American embassy in Moscow before that. She told me, you can't stay probably\nthere. I said, I just want to see my grandmother because she's very old, she's\nprobably 80 something . . . it was at that time. I was going to visit. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/82504/file/170726#t=630.0,660.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/82504/file/170726/transcript/40650/annotation/23","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I came to\n[the] United States that time I just asked political asylum because I definitely\ndidn't want to go back to Russia.\n\nUNKNOWN: You were granted . . .\n\nEPPLEBAUM: I was granted political asylum in 1987 in Dallas, Texas.\n\nUNKNOWN: Is that where your family was?\n\nEPPLEBAUM: No, my family came later because I alone.\n\nUNKNOWN: Your uncle and aunt?\n\nEPPLEBAUM: Oh, uncle and aunt were there since 1980.\n\nUNKNOWN: They'd gotten out in 1980?\n\nEPPLEBAUM: Yes, they immigrated at that time.\n\nUNKNOWN: With your grandmother?\n\nEPPLEBAUM: With my grandmother, yes. That's right. My mother came one year\nlater, ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/82504/file/170726#t=660.0,690.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/82504/file/170726/transcript/40650/annotation/24","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and my wife came one year later as well.\n\nUNKNOWN: Wow. What did your mother and your wife think of your escape plan? Did\nyou share it with them before you did it?\n\nEPPLEBAUM: Absolutely. Absolutely. We actually were looking for any possible\nchance at that time because nobody know. They didn't know that [it] would be\nopen or not . . . but that time it was just in my mind [that] I think only one\npossible way to leave Russia.\n\nUNKNOWN: How did you feel having to leave your family behind?\n\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/82504/file/170726#t=690.0,720.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/82504/file/170726/transcript/40650/annotation/25","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"EPPLEBAUM: It was okay because it was the goal [that] I have to achieve.\nObviously the first possibility, I would [bring] them here, as it happened.\n\nUNKNOWN: You were able to bring them the next year?\n\nEPPLEBAUM: After they immigrated.\n\nUNKNOWN: They didn't have to do the escape plan?\n\nEPPLEBAUM: No, they didn't have to do that. It was [the] hard way, my task.\n\nUNKNOWN: Wow. How long did you spend in Dallas?\n\nEPPLEBAUM: About three and a half, maybe four years. I was preparing for boards.\nAs a physician, ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/82504/file/170726#t=720.0,750.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/82504/file/170726/transcript/40650/annotation/26","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I had to pass exams and take into consideration that I didn't\nspeak any English, it was kind of a difficult task. [It] took about two and a\nhalf, three years for me to pass the exams. After that, I went through residency\nprograms. Not in Texas already.\n\nUNKNOWN: Were you assisted at all by the Jewish community there?\n\nEPPLEBAUM: Actually, not really because I was working. I mean, I was working two\nweeks since I arrived ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/82504/file/170726#t=750.0,780.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/82504/file/170726/transcript/40650/annotation/27","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"to Dallas, I [had] already been working in a simple worker\nin a factory. I didn't get, no one sent, no one from Jewish Federation or from\nhere or anywhere.\n\nUNKNOWN: You were working in a factory while you were preparing to take your exams?\n\nEPPLEBAUM: Yes, I was working 8 hours in the factory, driving one hour there and\nback. After that, I went to the Kaplan courses to study for preparation for my\nmedical school, for boards.\n\nUNKNOWN: Wow, then where did you go after Dallas?\n\nEPPLEBAUM: About three and a half years, ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/82504/file/170726#t=780.0,810.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/82504/file/170726/transcript/40650/annotation/28","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and spent a couple of years in New\nJersey, in Trenton, in residency. After that, I moved back to Texas to Austin\nand . . . graduated in 1993 from Brackenridge Hospital in Austin, Texas, as\ninternal medicine doctor.\n\nUNKNOWN: Then what year did you and your family come to Atlanta?\n\nEPPLEBAUM: 11 years ago.\n\nUNKNOWN: What brought you here?\n\nEPPLEBAUM: Oh, I was looking for a job. I just [was] really mind open and just\nwhere. I had several license in several states, ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/82504/file/170726#t=810.0,840.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/82504/file/170726/transcript/40650/annotation/29","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and one of them was Georgia. I\nwas working as an emergency room physician in different location. I was working\nas a military physician in upstate New York, and I was working here in Camilla,\nGeorgia, in the south. In Hiawassee [Georgia] up in the mountains as emergency\nroom. Basically, I lived at that time in Texas, so it was different. No,\ndifference for me where to work. Basically, I was flying back and forth. I just\nlike here. I just love the place, love the climate and ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/82504/file/170726#t=840.0,870.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/82504/file/170726/transcript/40650/annotation/30","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"the people and it's very\nwarm. Anyway . . .\n\nUNKNOWN: What does your wife do?\n\nEPPLEBAUM: Oh, she's a very busy housewife.\n\nUNKNOWN: It's a very busy time.\n\nEPPLEBAUM: Oh yes, we have three kids, three dogs, one cat. It's really busy.\n\nUNKNOWN: How old are your children?\n\nEPPLEBAUM: One of them's 26 and he is hopefully will be a medical student soon.\nI hope so. Two girls. 15 and 10.\n\nUNKNOWN: Do your girls here today attend Jewish schools?\n\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/82504/file/170726#t=870.0,900.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/82504/file/170726/transcript/40650/annotation/31","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"EPPLEBAUM: Kol Emeth Synagogue.\n\nUNKNOWN: Okay. Could you describe your experiences with the Jewish community in Atlanta?\n\nEPPLEBAUM: No. Excellent. Absolutely excellent. I have very tight, very nice\nrelations with the Beth Jacob Synagogue. People with Rabbi Kapenstein, David\nKapenstein from Torah Day School. I am giving a lot, a lot of donations to Torah\nDay School. Just have very nice, a very, very, very nice relationships.\n\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/82504/file/170726#t=900.0,930.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/82504/file/170726/transcript/40650/annotation/32","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"UNKNOWN: Wonderful.\n\nEPPLEBAUM: We have a nonprofit organization here called Back Pain Fund. We're\nhelping a lot of Jews, elderly people from all over the United States. They come\nhere for treatments and because they're not wealthy, cannot afford sometimes,\naccommodations, hotel. This is paid through the Back Pain Fund. Rabbi Kapenstein\nhelpful, was very much helpful for these last two years.\n\nUNKNOWN: That's fantastic. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/82504/file/170726#t=930.0,960.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/82504/file/170726/transcript/40650/annotation/33","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Is there anything else you can say about your life\nliving as a Jew in America? How you have experienced it?\n\nEPPLEBAUM: I feel free person. I really just enjoying to be American and\nAmerican Jews. I'm really just happy to be here. I have [a] successful practice.\nI'm very happy. I have a very nice house on the lake. I have a nice family. We\noften follow tradition. We lighting Shabbat candles, ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/82504/file/170726#t=960.0,990.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/82504/file/170726/transcript/40650/annotation/34","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"praying. I just enjoy life.\n\nUNKNOWN: That's wonderful. You and your family are all American citizens?\n\nEPPLEBAUM: Yes.\n\nUNKNOWN: Can describe what it's like, the ceremony to become a citizen?\n\nEPPLEBAUM: For me, it was. I was very proud of it. I was very proud of it and\nstill proud of it. Obviously a very proud American citizen. Very strong\nRepublican. I am supporting Republican Party. I'm very, very strongly for America.\n\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/82504/file/170726#t=990.0,1020.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/82504/file/170726/transcript/40650/annotation/35","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"UNKNOWN: Have you been back to visit?\n\nEPPLEBAUM: Once. It was a couple of years ago. I was in Moscow because my father\nstill there. [I] didn't like it.\n\nUNKNOWN: How is it compared to when you were living there?\n\nEPPLEBAUM: Different because it was a long time. It was like almost like 18\nyears. People different, businesses different, streets different. Everything. I\ndidn't feel that it was town when I was growing up. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/82504/file/170726#t=1020.0,1050.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/82504/file/170726/transcript/40650/annotation/36","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"A lot of banditisms, mafia.\nIt's not nice place to go. Definitely not nice place to go.\n\nUNKNOWN: That's only time you have been back?\n\nEPPLEBAUM: Just once, [it] was the last time.\n\nUNKNOWN: Can you describe just a little bit more about the either political or\ncultural background that made your decision to come here so critical? It sounds\nlike you were just definitely going to escape from Russia. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/82504/file/170726#t=1050.0,1080.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/82504/file/170726/transcript/40650/annotation/37","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Can you maybe give us\na little bit more sense for those details for why that was so important?\n\nEPPLEBAUM: Okay. Probably it's natural for the people trying to forget. This is\nmaybe why I sound like almost like nothing happens. There was no reason for\nleaving Russia to go to [the] United States. Because so far, I'm very\nsuccessful, I'm happy. It's because of the natural thing, ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/82504/file/170726#t=1080.0,1110.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/82504/file/170726/transcript/40650/annotation/38","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"abilities to forget\nand forgive. Obviously, there was a problem, no question about this. If try to\nremember the details, every episode . . . obviously I was called a Jew [or]\nZhyd, quote, unquote, almost like a weekly basis. There was a problem with the\npotential [career]. If you just want to be just simple physician and polyclinic\nas I was called. Sure. Of course. But if you want to go, ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/82504/file/170726#t=1110.0,1140.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/82504/file/170726/transcript/40650/annotation/39","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I was a pediatric\nsurgeon. Obviously, there was no future. All together, definitely. I was not\nvery happy person. Take into consideration that half of my family was here\nalready in the United States. I get a lot of information from them about the\nfreedom, about what it is, America is. Because my understanding of America was\nbased on Jack London, Wild West. That's it. I was ready for big fight when I\ncame here. I was very surprised that the level of socialism\nhere. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/82504/file/170726#t=1140.0,1170.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/82504/file/170726/transcript/40650/annotation/40","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I actually didn't like it from the beginning because I'm kind of fighter.\nBut in general, yes, there was a problem there, obviously. There was not just\nbased on economical whatsoever reasons. It was definitely based on political and emotional.\n\nUNKNOWN: Can you remember maybe one outstanding event or experience that you had?\n\nEPPLEBAUM: There was a lot of them. But for example, one of the examples was\nwhen I was trying to get into the medical school. It was almost impossible at\nthat time. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/82504/file/170726#t=1170.0,1200.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/82504/file/170726/transcript/40650/annotation/41","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"It's end up, basically was my decision not to answer any questions to\nthe one specific person, which was almost unprecedential. I went to the\ncommittee, which consists of probably six or seven professors. I just officially\nrefused to answer to this person. I told him, he was antisemitic. I just cannot\nanswer because he is just trying to get me down. There was two examiners, one\nfrom medical school, one from the school, ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/82504/file/170726#t=1200.0,1230.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/82504/file/170726/transcript/40650/annotation/42","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"just regular school. They allow me to\ncontinue answer questions to the just schoolteacher and I get mark three, which\nwas satisfactory. It was only one three in all my life in medical school. Again,\nthere was a lot of small and big ones. Obviously, for example, my apartment was\nburglarized one time and they took a lot of stuff. When the police ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/82504/file/170726#t=1230.0,1260.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/82504/file/170726/transcript/40650/annotation/43","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"came and\nthere was investigation, they catch the guy, by the way. The guy told that,\n\"Okay, why did I do it? Because he is a Jew. He just want to go anyway. So why\nleave him any stuff.\" It was kind of lot little, tiny and small situation, which\n[I] can't remember right now. But it was almost all the time, kind of hanging\nover your head.\n\nUNKNOWN: Is there any difference between I don't know whether you remember life\nin Latvia at all or maybe even from what your parents ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/82504/file/170726#t=1260.0,1290.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/82504/file/170726/transcript/40650/annotation/44","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"said as a Soviet republic?\nThen when you were in Moscow.\n\nEPPLEBAUM: Again, because I was small, little I mean. I don't know myself. But,\nyes, my parents were describing this because there was a lot of persecution of\nJews in Latvia at that time. Again, my grandfather was an exclusive position\nbecause of his position, his military background. But at the same time, yes, we\nfelt it. Our family definitely felt it. This was actually the reason why my aunt\n. . . immigrated ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/82504/file/170726#t=1290.0,1320.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/82504/file/170726/transcript/40650/annotation/45","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"1980 from Latvia.\n\nUNKNOWN: How would you compare, you're just mentioning your perception of\nAmerica? How do you compare what you were being told about America by official\nsources and what your family who had already immigrated was telling you?\n\nEPPLEBAUM: In Russian? I didn't pay attention too much what official told me\nabout it. Actually, I had a radio, and I was listening for Voice of America.\nObviously, I was [getting] information ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/82504/file/170726#t=1320.0,1350.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/82504/file/170726/transcript/40650/annotation/46","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"from there. Oh, we had a lot of meetings\nof the . . . gatherings with friends and my parents' friends, obviously. I get a\nlot of information from their conversations. For example, one of my\n[stepfather], at that time, my mother was married, and he was in a prominent\nposition in Moscow. He was actually engineer responsible for the connection,\nradio connection between space shuttle and the ground on the earth. He spent a\nlot ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/82504/file/170726#t=1350.0,1380.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/82504/file/170726/transcript/40650/annotation/47","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"of time in Baikonur, which is in Kazakhstan, where they're sending this\nspace shuttle up. There was an interesting story. There was a lot of friends at\nthat time. I don't remember exactly what was about, day of something. There was\na lot of anecdotes and jokes. Suddenly the telephone call, rings. He pick up the\nphone and he was told by KGB [Komitet Gosudarstvennoy Bezopasnosti]. \"Please\ndon't tell that kind of anecdote anymore.\" We were really kind of under the\ncover of the Big Brother. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/82504/file/170726#t=1380.0,1410.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/82504/file/170726/transcript/40650/annotation/48","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Definitely, no question about it.\n\nUNKNOWN: Do you have any other stories like that you want to share?\n\nEPPLEBAUM: You see, I just remember that one. It just came up.\n\nUNKNOWN: I know, that's wow. any other experiences you'd like to share with us\nwhile we have you on tape?\n\nEPPLEBAUM: I'm trying to remember. But again, there was a lot, a lot of small\nepisodes. If you take all of them together, you can feel it. But maybe you just\ncan't remember the big ones.\n\nUNKNOWN: Let me ask you. Your son was born while you were still in ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/82504/file/170726#t=1410.0,1440.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/82504/file/170726/transcript/40650/annotation/49","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Russia, was\nthat right? Then your two daughters were born here?\n\nEPPLEBAUM: Yes, that's right.\n\nUNKNOWN: What was your expectation as a parent for your son's life while you\nwere in Russia and then your daughters' lives here in America?\n\nEPPLEBAUM: Oh, I want everybody to be doctor anyway. It's just like family. I\nwas thinking about him to go to medical school then, for them to go to medical\nschool here. We would do it probably anyway. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/82504/file/170726#t=1440.0,1470.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/82504/file/170726/transcript/40650/annotation/50","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"We'll try to do it anyway. Would it\nbe so difficult obviously to be different, more difficult there rather than\nhere? I don't see any discrimination here at all. Maybe it's there. I was told\nthere are some, but I don't feel it at all. I'm very happy that I am . . . all\nmy family here and hopefully future will be as successful for them as it was and\nit is for me as well.\n\nUNKNOWN: One other question, and this is kind of a side note, but you're saying\nthat all your friends are either pretty much moved here or Israel. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/82504/file/170726#t=1470.0,1500.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/82504/file/170726/transcript/40650/annotation/51","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Did you and\nyour family ever consider moving to Israel?\n\nEPPLEBAUM: Actually, never been [to] Israel. I'm very, very sorry for that. I\nwant to go to Israel. I just was so busy right now with my practice. It's just\nalmost, I don't have vacations, can't leave for vacation. But the first vacation\navailable, I already had been planning to do it this year. My friend from\nPhiladelphia went there and I was supposed to go there, couldn't do it this\nyear. I'm sorry. Okay. Sometimes I'm so mad with something like what's going on\ntoday, going on there. Sometimes I'm really, really, ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/82504/file/170726#t=1500.0,1530.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/82504/file/170726/transcript/40650/annotation/52","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"would love to take the\nrifle and just go there and in defense of the country.\n\nUNKNOWN: But did your family ever consider immigrating there?\n\nEPPLEBAUM: No, we didn't consider [immigrating]. [To] visit. We have friends. We\nhave relatives there actually, but I like America so much that I've considered\nAmerica my country.\n\nUNKNOWN: Your home.\n\nEPPLEBAUM: My home, yes.\n\nUNKNOWN: Well, thank you very much. I really appreciate you speaking with us.\n\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/82504/file/170726#t=1530.0,1560.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/82504/file/170726/transcript/40650/annotation/53","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"UNIDENTIFIED: Just continue bearing with me for a couple of minutes. I will take\nsome more pictures.\n\nUNKNOWN: Do you want to pretend to talk?\n\nEPPLEBAUM: Oh, come on. Absolutely here. I went to . . . Again, I was working in\nthe factory and it was kind of funny because in the factory I was probably a\nlittle better Spanish than English at that time. In Texas, especially. But I was\nstudying Kaplan courses, so again, it was written course. I was much better in\nthe writing rather . . .\n\nUNKNOWN: You were taking English Kaplan courses?\n\nEPPLEBAUM: No, I didn't take English. I decided not to waste time. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/82504/file/170726#t=1560.0,1590.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/82504/file/170726/transcript/40650/annotation/54","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I just . . .\n\nUNKNOWN: You're saying your Kaplan course was in English?\n\nEPPLEBAUM: In English, yes, I had to. I use a dictionary; I was just looking\nevery other words in dictionary and but I had to survive anyway. It just yes,\nimmersion. It's like there was . . . a new environment. You just have to, there\nwas no other choice.\n\nUNKNOWN: It must be a really intense period.\n\nEPPLEBAUM: It was definitely intense period. No question about it. Okay. But\nit's actually funny that I took the first board, which is ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/82504/file/170726#t=1590.0,1620.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/82504/file/170726/transcript/40650/annotation/55","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"basic science. There\nwas, I believe, six subjects and one of them was behavioral science. My English\nwas, as we can imagine, almost 'excellent' at that time, quote unquote. I opened\nthe book on behavioral science. No, not that, it's impossible. I went first and\ntook it the first time this exam basic science without behavioral science\nbecause it was easy with biochemistry obviously anatomy is Latin so it's the\nsame thing. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/82504/file/170726#t=1620.0,1650.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/82504/file/170726/transcript/40650/annotation/56","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"The passing score was 75 and I get 73. I said, \"Okay, now I have to\nlearn English.\" Second time, I went [and] took already studying behavioral\nscience. It didn't help me a lot. I get 75, but it was enough.\n\nUNKNOWN: That's what you needed to get through.\n\nEPPLEBAUM: Yes, absolutely.\n\nUNKNOWN: What kind of factory were you working in?\n\nEPPLEBAUM: Optical. I know a lot about glasses. It was a screwdriver.\n\nUNKNOWN: You could probably fix your glasses?\n\nEPPLEBAUM: Yes, I probably already forgot that too.\n\nUNKNOWN: Were you able to contact your wife ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/82504/file/170726#t=1650.0,1680.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/82504/file/170726/transcript/40650/annotation/57","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and son or your family in Russia\nafter you came here? Was there any problem with communication at that point?\n\nEPPLEBAUM: No, I tried not to call them directly. I use my friends in New York\nto call them and I was actually sent invitation as well, not from me. It was a\nlittle bit complicated, but at least what I had to do, had to do.\n\nUNKNOWN: Did they face any repercussions for what you did?\n\nEPPLEBAUM: No, not what I know. Because at that time, again, as I mentioned, the\nborder was open ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/82504/file/170726#t=1680.0,1710.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/82504/file/170726/transcript/40650/annotation/58","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and three, four months after that. It was massive immigration.\nIt was a lot of people who left 1987 through 1989. That time I think, I wasn't\nthere at that time, but I think there was not a lot of pressure at that time.\n\nUNKNOWN: Anything that we have might have missed any episode?\n\nEPPLEBAUM: I don't know. Not really. I mean, maybe I'm not the best interviewee.\nI mean because I didn't say terrible story ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/82504/file/170726#t=1710.0,1740.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/82504/file/170726/transcript/40650/annotation/59","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"about. But in general, I felt that\nI'm very relieved and very happy that I am because I'm here.\n\nUNKNOWN: Well, thank you so much. You were very good interviewee.\n\nEPPLEBAUM: Thank you. Thank you very much.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/82504/file/170726#t=1740.0,1770.0"}]},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/82504/file/170726/annotation_set/916","type":"AnnotationPage","label":{"en":["Annotations [Transcript]"]},"items":[{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/82504/file/170726/annotation_set/916/annotation/60","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eRiga is the capital city of Latvia. Before World War II, about 40,000 Jews lived in Riga, representing slightly more than 10 percent of the city’s population. By the time the city was liberated by the Soviet Army in October 1944, almost all of Riga’s Jews had been murdered. The Germans occupied Riga in July 1941. Mass murder began immediately. On July 4, 1941, Latvian rioters burned down the Great Synagogue with 400 to 500 Jews inside. By July 16, more than 2,400 Jews had been murdered. The Germans established a ghetto in Riga in August 1941. When it was sealed in October, it contained around 30,000 Jews from Riga and the surrounding area. In November and early December 1941, in a series of actions known as the Rumbula massacre, most of the ghetto inhabitants were taken to the nearby woods, shot, and buried in large pits that had been prepared. Around 5,000—mostly young men and women healthy enough to work—were spared and confined to a separate part of the ghetto known as the “Latvian ghetto.” From November 1941 until mid-1942, more than 22,000 German, Austrian and Czech Jews were brought to Riga and housed in what was known as the “German ghetto.” Jews in Riga’s Latvian and German ghettos were used for forced labor. The liquidation of the Riga ghetto occurred incrementally in the fall of 1943. Those who were deemed fit for work were gradually transferred to the Kaiserwald concentration camp and its sub-camps. Others were transferred to Auschwitz-Birkenau. The Soviets liberated Riga in October 1944. \u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/82504/file/170726#t=30.0,60.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/82504/file/170726/annotation_set/916/annotation/61","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eMoscow, Russia is the capital and largest city in Russia. The city sits on the Moskva River in central Russia. The city dates back to 1147 and grew into a prosperous city and served as the capital of the Grand Duchy of Moscow. It eventually became known as the Tsardom of Russia. When the Tsardom was reformed into the Russian Empire, the capital was moved from Moscow to St. Petersburg. After the Bolshevik revolution the capital returned to Moscow. It is well known for its Russian architecture, historic Red Square and the other buildings including the St. Basil’s Cathedral and the Kremlin.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/82504/file/170726#t=30.0,60.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/82504/file/170726/annotation_set/916/annotation/62","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eIt is the protection granted to an individual by a nation when the individual has left their native country as a political refugee.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/82504/file/170726#t=60.0,90.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/82504/file/170726/annotation_set/916/annotation/63","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe Second Moscow Medical School or the Russian State Medical University is now known as the Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University. It was founded in 1906 in Moscow, Russia. It is named after Russian surgeon and pedagogue Nikolay Pirogov (1810-1881).\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/82504/file/170726#t=60.0,90.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/82504/file/170726/annotation_set/916/annotation/64","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eA synagogue is a Jewish house of worship where the congregation meets for religious services and instruction.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/82504/file/170726#t=90.0,120.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/82504/file/170726/annotation_set/916/annotation/65","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe Komsomol was known as the youth division of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union. It was used to promote and spread Communist teachings and preparing individuals for membership in the Communist Party. It was organized in 1918 and disbanded in 1991, after the fall of the Soviet Union.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/82504/file/170726#t=90.0,120.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/82504/file/170726/annotation_set/916/annotation/66","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eYom Kippur\u003c/em\u003e [Hebrew: “day of atonement”] The most sacred day of the Jewish year. \u003cem\u003eYom Kippur\u003c/em\u003e is a 25-hour fast day. Most of the day is spent in prayer, reciting yizkor for deceased relatives, confessing sins, requesting divine forgiveness, and listening to Torah readings and sermons. People greet each other with the wish that they may be sealed in the heavenly book for a good year ahead. The day ends with the blowing of the shofar (a ram’s horn).\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/82504/file/170726#t=120.0,150.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/82504/file/170726/annotation_set/916/annotation/67","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eAntisemitism is prejudice against, hostility to, or hatred of Jews.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/82504/file/170726#t=150.0,180.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/82504/file/170726/annotation_set/916/annotation/68","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe Communist Party is a political party that ruled the Soviet Union after the Bolshevik Revolution in 1917. The term Communist Party was popularized by the title of The Manifesto of the Communist Party which was written by Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels. \u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/82504/file/170726#t=300.0,330.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/82504/file/170726/annotation_set/916/annotation/69","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eCosmopolitanism is the idea that all humans are members of a single community. The idea believes that humans can and should be “world citizens” in a “universal community.” It’s the idea that everyone from all various ethnic, cultural and religious backgrounds can live together and interact together. The word derives from Ancient Greek and in today’s world it can be defined as “citizen of the world.”\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/82504/file/170726#t=330.0,360.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/82504/file/170726/annotation_set/916/annotation/70","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eIn January 1953, the Soviet Union newspapers Pravada and Izvestiya announced the arrest of nine doctors, who treated government officials. They were accused of plotting to murder the government officials. At least six of the doctors were Jewish. They were also accused of spying for the United States and Great Britain. The papers reported the doctors all confessed to the plot. It was believed that this arrest of the doctors was the start of a new Jewish purge in the Soviet Union. Stalin died in March 1953, amid other rumors that he was poison by those close to him. After his death the rumored purge never occurred and the poisoning plot against Stalin was never proven. \u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/82504/file/170726#t=360.0,390.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/82504/file/170726/annotation_set/916/annotation/71","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eJoseph Vissarionovich Stalin (born Ioseb Besarionis dze Jughashvili, 1878-1953) was the leader of the Soviet Union from the mid- 1920s until his death. He is considered one of the most powerful and murderous dictators in history.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/82504/file/170726#t=360.0,390.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/82504/file/170726/annotation_set/916/annotation/72","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eIsrael is a country in the Middle East. It is the only Jewish nation and spiritual home for Jewish people all over the world. It is regarded as the biblical Holy Land for Jews, Christians, and Muslims. Israel was founded in 1948 when Palestine was partition into Jewish and Arab states. Jerusalem is the capital of Israel.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/82504/file/170726#t=450.0,480.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/82504/file/170726/annotation_set/916/annotation/73","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eCanada is a country in North America. It has ten provinces and three territories that cover 3.85 million square miles. It shares its southern and western border with the United States. Indigenous people have continuously inhabited the lands that make up of Canada for thousands of years. The county’s capital is Ottawa, and the government is a parliamentary democracy. Canada is officially bilingual (English and French).\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/82504/file/170726#t=450.0,480.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/82504/file/170726/annotation_set/916/annotation/74","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eWith the implementation of President Mikhail Gorbachev’s perestroika, the Soviet Union found an easing of government restrictions on travel and immigration of people from the country. In the late 1980’s, the Soviet Union saw an increase of ethnic Germans moving to Germany and Jews to Israel of the United States. From 1987 to 1991, 15,000 Russian citizens immigrated to the United States.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/82504/file/170726#t=510.0,540.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/82504/file/170726/annotation_set/916/annotation/75","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eWest Germany was the common name used for the Federal Republic of Germany. It was formed on May 23, 1949, as a political entity during the Allied occupation of Germany after World War II. It was unified with East Germany on October 3, 1990, after the fall of the Eastern Bloc.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/82504/file/170726#t=510.0,540.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/82504/file/170726/annotation_set/916/annotation/76","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe Salvation Army is a Christian organization founded by William and Catherine Booth in 1852 in London, England. The Booths worked among the poor in the East End, seeking to bring salvation to the poor, destitute and hungry by meeting both their physical and spiritual needs. Today it is in 126 countries, running charity shops, operating shelters for the homeless, and providing disaster relief and humanitarian aid to developing countries.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/82504/file/170726#t=540.0,570.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/82504/file/170726/annotation_set/916/annotation/77","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eAn American consulate provide various services for visiting or resident Americans in a foreign county. Among the services are providing passports and birth registration. They also issue visas to foreign citizens wishing to visit, work or study in the United States.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/82504/file/170726#t=570.0,600.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/82504/file/170726/annotation_set/916/annotation/78","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eSiegburg is a city in the district of Rhein-Sieg-Kreis in North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany. It is located 10 kilometers of the former capital of West Germany, Bonn. It is located on the Sieg and Agger rivers.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/82504/file/170726#t=570.0,600.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/82504/file/170726/annotation_set/916/annotation/79","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eKaplan courses are preparatory programs that offer practice test and tutoring to help individuals prepare for numerous standardized tests. It was founded by Stanley H. Kaplan (1919-2009) in 1938 in his parents’ Brooklyn home to help students prepare for the New York State Regents exam. In 1948, he sold the company to The Washington Post Company.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/82504/file/170726#t=780.0,810.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/82504/file/170726/annotation_set/916/annotation/80","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eA Jewish Federation (often known as the \"Federation\" or the \"Fed\") is the secular primary Jewish nonprofit organization found within most metropolitan areas (or sometimes states) in North America that host a substantial Jewish community. Their broad purpose is to provide \"human services,\" generally, but not exclusively, to the local Jewish community. All federations at least operate an annual central campaign then allocate the proceeds to affiliated local agencies. There are 148 Jewish Federations. The national umbrella organization for the federations is the Jewish Federations of North America.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/82504/file/170726#t=780.0,810.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/82504/file/170726/annotation_set/916/annotation/81","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eBrackenridge Hospital was founded in 1884 as the City-County Hospital. The city of Austin, Texas became the sole owner in 1907, when Travis County ended it share of the ownership. A new hospital was built in 1915. In 1929, the hospital was renamed Brackenridge, after the hospital board chairperson Robert J. Brackenridge. A replacement hospital was built in 1969 and another building phase was added in 1984. In 2004, the city sold the hospital to Central Health and closed in May 2017.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/82504/file/170726#t=810.0,840.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/82504/file/170726/annotation_set/916/annotation/82","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eCamilla, Georgia is the county seat in Mitchell County, Georgia. It is located in southwestern Georgia.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/82504/file/170726#t=840.0,870.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/82504/file/170726/annotation_set/916/annotation/83","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eHiawassee, Georgia is the county seat of Towns County, Georgia. It is located in the Blue Ridge Smoky Mountains and on Lake Chatuge.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/82504/file/170726#t=840.0,870.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/82504/file/170726/annotation_set/916/annotation/84","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eTemple Kol Emeth is a Reform congregation in Marietta, Georgia that was established in 1982. The congregation’s first full time rabbi, Rabbi Stephen Lebow, served from 1986 until 2020. As of 2022, the Senior Rabbi of Temple Kol Emeth is Larry Sernovitz.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/82504/file/170726#t=900.0,930.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/82504/file/170726/annotation_set/916/annotation/85","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eBeth Jacob is an Orthodox synagogue on LaVista Road in Atlanta founded in 1942 by former members of Ahavath Achim who were looking for a more Orthodox congregation. Beth Jacob is now Atlanta’s largest Orthodox congregation. The congregation first met in a rented grocery store on Parkway Drive. It moved to a permanent location on Boulevard when it purchased and renovated a two-story apartment building. In 1956, it converted the Tabernacle Baptist Church on Boulevard to a synagogue. It built its current synagogue building on a five-acre lot on LaVista Road in 1961. Rabbi Joseph Safra was the congregation’s first permanent rabbi in 1951, followed by Rabbi Emanuel Feldman from 1952 to 1991. Rabbi Ilan Feldman has been the congregation’s Senior Rabbi since his father Emanuel’s retirement in 1991.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/82504/file/170726#t=900.0,930.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/82504/file/170726/annotation_set/916/annotation/86","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eTorah Day School of Atlanta (TDSA) was founded in 1985 with an enrollment of approximately 25 students in grades 1 and 2. Over the years the Orthodox school has grown and moved several times. In 2003, it moved to LaVista Road with a state-of-the-art, full-service school on 11 acres. Its mission is to inspire students to observe the Torah, strive for personal excellence, and to pursue life-long learning.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/82504/file/170726#t=900.0,930.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/82504/file/170726/annotation_set/916/annotation/87","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eBack Pain Fund was a charitable organization created by Dr. Lawrence Epplebaum in 2004. In 2014, Dr. Epplebaum was convicted on health care fraud, tax fraud and money laundering. He was convicted of using the Back Pain Fund as part of a scheme to illegally induce Medicare patients from all over the nation to be treated at his clinic by providing free travel accommodations and failing to pay taxes on the income earned in treating the patients. According to prosecutors, he attempted to hide the control over the charity funds by funneling money through Torah Day School in Atlanta and other organizations.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/82504/file/170726#t=930.0,960.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/82504/file/170726/annotation_set/916/annotation/88","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe Republican Party is one of the two major contemporary political parties of the United States.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/82504/file/170726#t=990.0,1020.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/82504/file/170726/annotation_set/916/annotation/89","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eJack London was the pen name of John Griffith Chaney (1879-1916), an American novelist, journalist and activist. 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It’s the world’s first spaceport for orbital and human launches and still used by the Russians to launch all spaceflights.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/82504/file/170726#t=1380.0,1410.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/82504/file/170726/annotation_set/916/annotation/94","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe KGB was the main security agency of the Soviet Union from 1954-1991. It was the chief government agency responsible for carrying out internal security, foreign intelligence, counter-intelligence and secret police functions.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/82504/file/170726#t=1380.0,1410.0"}]},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/82504/file/170726/index/51916","type":"AnnotationPage","label":{"en":["Epplebaum, Lawrence [Index]"]},"items":[{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/82504/file/170726/index/51916/annotation/95","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Discusses where he was born, his early childhood, and going to medical school","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Title"]}}],"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/82504/file/170726#t=36.0,94.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/82504/file/170726/index/51916/annotation/96","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I was born in 1959 in Riga, which is the capital of Latvia, and lived there not for a long time, about maybe 12 years, and moved to Moscow. 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They were looking for who is there, and they put them on a paper who was there.","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Partial Transcript"]}}],"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/82504/file/170726#t=94.0,150.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/82504/file/170726/index/51916/annotation/100","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Jewish","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Jewish Holidays","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Komsomol","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Medical School","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Nationality","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Russia","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Synagogue","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}}],"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/82504/file/170726#t=94.0,150.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/82504/file/170726/index/51916/annotation/101","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Describes interaction with non-Jewish people","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Title"]}}],"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/82504/file/170726#t=150.0,189.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/82504/file/170726/index/51916/annotation/102","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I had friends of almost every nationality there. But obviously, there was some problem as well because among the Russians there was antisemitism, very prominent.","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Partial Transcript"]}}],"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/82504/file/170726#t=150.0,189.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/82504/file/170726/index/51916/annotation/103","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Antisemitism","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Discrimination","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Jews","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Non-Jews","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Russia","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}}],"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/82504/file/170726#t=150.0,189.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/82504/file/170726/index/51916/annotation/104","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Experience with antisemitism while trying to get into medical school","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Title"]}}],"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/82504/file/170726#t=189.0,244.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/82504/file/170726/index/51916/annotation/105","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Definitely. Especially when I was applying for medical school and I was taking exams. No question about that.","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Partial Transcript"]}}],"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/82504/file/170726#t=189.0,244.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/82504/file/170726/index/51916/annotation/106","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Antisemitism","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Medical School","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Nationality","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}}],"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/82504/file/170726#t=189.0,244.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/82504/file/170726/index/51916/annotation/107","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"On-going antisemitism while in medical school","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Title"]}}],"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/82504/file/170726#t=244.0,299.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/82504/file/170726/index/51916/annotation/108","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Most of the time in the medical school itself, on occasions. Yes, on occasions there were some antisemitic, slogans or ethnic expressions.","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Partial Transcript"]}}],"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/82504/file/170726#t=244.0,299.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/82504/file/170726/index/51916/annotation/109","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Antisemitism","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Army","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Discrimination","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Ethnic expressions","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Medical School","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}}],"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/82504/file/170726#t=244.0,299.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/82504/file/170726/index/51916/annotation/110","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"How his parents and grandparents observed religious and cultural Judaism","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Title"]}}],"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/82504/file/170726#t=299.0,348.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/82504/file/170726/index/51916/annotation/111","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"It's kind of a very interesting combination of . . . one side to be cosmopolitan and to the other side to be Jewish. It's very interesting. Probably can happen only in Russia.","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Partial Transcript"]}}],"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/82504/file/170726#t=299.0,348.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/82504/file/170726/index/51916/annotation/112","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Army","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Army Colonel","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Communist Party","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Cosmoplitan","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Grandfather","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Jewish","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Jewish holidays","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Russia","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}}],"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/82504/file/170726#t=299.0,348.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/82504/file/170726/index/51916/annotation/113","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Discusses how his grandfather was treated after Joseph Stalin's death","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Title"]}}],"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/82504/file/170726#t=348.0,413.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/82504/file/170726/index/51916/annotation/114","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"At that time, my grandfather had pretty high position in the government in Latvia. He was given a letter from the party administration which was almost like unbelievable and jokes.  It said that don't consider Alexander Sage Epplebaum as a Jew and do not sanction him.","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Partial Transcript"]}}],"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/82504/file/170726#t=348.0,413.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/82504/file/170726/index/51916/annotation/115","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Jewish","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Joseph Stalin","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Latvia","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Persecution of Jews","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Physicians","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Sanction","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Soviet Union","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}}],"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/82504/file/170726#t=348.0,413.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/82504/file/170726/index/51916/annotation/116","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Life in Latvia vs. Russia","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Title"]}}],"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/82504/file/170726#t=413.0,438.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/82504/file/170726/index/51916/annotation/117","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I really cannot even compare. Most of my life experience was in Moscow.","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Partial Transcript"]}}],"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/82504/file/170726#t=413.0,438.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/82504/file/170726/index/51916/annotation/118","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Childhood","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Latvia","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Moscow","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Russia","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}}],"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/82504/file/170726#t=413.0,438.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/82504/file/170726/index/51916/annotation/119","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Discusses childhood friends","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Title"]}}],"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/82504/file/170726#t=438.0,466.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/82504/file/170726/index/51916/annotation/120","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I would guess probably a good 90% are Jewish.","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Partial Transcript"]}}],"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/82504/file/170726#t=438.0,466.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/82504/file/170726/index/51916/annotation/121","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Canada","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Immigration","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Israel","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Jewish","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Russia","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"United States","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}}],"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/82504/file/170726#t=438.0,466.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/82504/file/170726/index/51916/annotation/122","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"First consideration of immigrating from Russia","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Title"]}}],"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/82504/file/170726#t=466.0,506.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/82504/file/170726/index/51916/annotation/123","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Actually, from probably middle school, I would guess. I was thinking about, I don't know, part of my family immigrated to the United States in the early eighties.  My aunt, my uncle and my brother, cousin. I was thinking about to do that at that time.","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Partial Transcript"]}}],"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/82504/file/170726#t=466.0,506.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/82504/file/170726/index/51916/annotation/124","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Family","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Immigration","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Medical school","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Surgery","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"United States","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}}],"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/82504/file/170726#t=466.0,506.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/82504/file/170726/index/51916/annotation/125","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Escaping from Russia","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Title"]}}],"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/82504/file/170726#t=506.0,546.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/82504/file/170726/index/51916/annotation/126","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I escaped in March 1987 and I believe in September 1987, immigration was allowed. 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I get a lot of information from their conversations.","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Partial Transcript"]}}],"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/82504/file/170726#t=1328.0,1438.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/82504/file/170726/index/51916/annotation/163","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Baikonur","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Big Brother","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Kazakhstan","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"KGB","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Moscow","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Propaganda","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Space Shuttle","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"United States","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Voice of America","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}}],"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/82504/file/170726#t=1328.0,1438.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/82504/file/170726/index/51916/annotation/164","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Discusses his children and hopes for their future","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Title"]}}],"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/82504/file/170726#t=1438.0,1497.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/82504/file/170726/index/51916/annotation/165","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":" I was thinking about him to go to medical school then, for them to go to medical school here. We would do it probably anyway. We'll try to do it anyway. Would it be so difficult obviously to be different, more difficult there rather than here? I don't see any discrimination here at all.","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Partial Transcript"]}}],"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/82504/file/170726#t=1438.0,1497.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/82504/file/170726/index/51916/annotation/166","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Children","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Discrimination","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Medical School","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Russia","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"United States","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}}],"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/82504/file/170726#t=1438.0,1497.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/82504/file/170726/index/51916/annotation/167","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Consideration given to moving to Israel and views on the country","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Title"]}}],"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/82504/file/170726#t=1497.0,1568.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/82504/file/170726/index/51916/annotation/168","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":" No, we didn't consider [immigrating]. [To] visit. We have friends. We have relatives there actually, but I like America so much that I've considered America my country.","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Partial Transcript"]}}],"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/82504/file/170726#t=1497.0,1568.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/82504/file/170726/index/51916/annotation/169","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Immigration","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Israel","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Medical practice","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"United States","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Vacation","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}}],"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/82504/file/170726#t=1497.0,1568.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/82504/file/170726/index/51916/annotation/170","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Recalling studying for the medical boards in the United States","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Title"]}}],"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/82504/file/170726#t=1568.0,1679.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/82504/file/170726/index/51916/annotation/171","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Again, I was working in the factory and it was kind of funny because in the factory I was probably a little better Spanish than English at that time. In Texas, especially. But I was studying Kaplan courses, so again, it was written course. I was much better in\nthe writing rather . . .","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Partial Transcript"]}}],"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/82504/file/170726#t=1568.0,1679.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/82504/file/170726/index/51916/annotation/172","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Anatomy","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Behavioral Science","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Biochemistry","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"English","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Factory","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Immigration","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Kaplan courses","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Latin","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Medical Board","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Optical","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Science","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Spanish","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}}],"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/82504/file/170726#t=1568.0,1679.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/82504/file/170726/index/51916/annotation/173","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Communication with wife and son after he immigrated","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Title"]}}],"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/82504/file/170726#t=1679.0,1752.251"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/82504/file/170726/index/51916/annotation/174","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"No, I tried not to call them directly. I use my friends in New York to call them and I was actually sent invitation as well, not from me. It was a little bit complicated, but at least what I had to do, had to do.","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Partial Transcript"]}}],"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/82504/file/170726#t=1679.0,1752.251"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/82504/file/170726/index/51916/annotation/175","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Communication","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Immigration","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Repercussions","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Soviet Union","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Telephone","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}}],"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/82504/file/170726#t=1679.0,1752.251"}]}]}]}