{"@context":"http://iiif.io/api/presentation/3/context.json","id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/iiif/7659c6sv6v/manifest","type":"Manifest","label":{"en":["Maran, Bob"]},"logo":"https://d9jk7wjtjpu5g.cloudfront.net/organizations/logo_images/000/000/082/original/TheBreman_SecondaryMark_Horizontal_Blue_Black.png?1713640889","metadata":[{"label":{"en":["Date"]},"value":{"en":["2022-04-05 (captured)"]}},{"label":{"en":["Agent"]},"value":{"en":["Maran, Bob (Interviewee)","Arogeti, Joel (Interviewer)"]}},{"label":{"en":["Format"]},"value":{"en":["Video"]}},{"label":{"en":["Source"]},"value":{"en":["William Breman Jewish Heritage Museum","Esther and Herbert Taylor Oral History Collection","Jewish Oral History Project of Atlanta"]}},{"label":{"en":["Description"]},"value":{"en":["\u003cp\u003eBob Maran was interviewed by Joel Arogeti on April 5, 2022 at the Breman Museum in Atlanta, Georgia.\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\u003cp\u003e \u003c/p\u003e (general)","\u003cp\u003eBob was born in Waterbury, CT in 1924 to Samuel and Matilda Maran. His parents were born in Kyiv, Ukraine, which was part of the Russian Empire at that time. \u003c/p\u003e\r\n\u003cp\u003eBob left home at the age of 18 in 1942 and joined the United States Army shortly after, following his brothers into the service. In 1943 he went on tour in Europe and served with the 566th Quartermaster Railhead while participating in the Western Allied Invasion of Germany. During that time, he served under Generals Courtney Hodges and George S. Patton. Throughout his tour, he traveled to La Havre, France; Aachen, Germany; Regensburg, Germany; and other major European cities. Then, after the fall of Germany, he served in the Philippines and Japan.\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\u003cp\u003eIn early 1945, he returned to Waterbury, Connecticut. There, he completed high school and then he went to New York University. He majored in foreign trade and minored in marketing while living in Greenwich Village. At NYU, he became the president of the student council and was given multiple awards. While living in New York City, he joined Paole Zion, a Marxist Jewish organization that helped supply Israel with weapons and other military articles during the Palestine War. Afterward, he studied for a summer in Mexico City.\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\u003cp\u003eAfter his time in Mexico City, he traveled throughout the country while hopping from job to job, trying to find a profession. He first lived in Seattle, Washington, selling insurance. Then, he worked for A. Stein and Company, a manufacturer of men’s belts, women’s girdles, and other elastic clothing products, while living in Chicago, Illinois. Then, he worked as a salesman for the company in Michigan and Birmingham, Alabama. He later moved to Atlanta, Georgia. He met his wife, Suzanne Maram (née Goodman), and together they had two children and five grandchildren. \u003c/p\u003e\r\n\u003cp\u003eWhile living in Atlanta, he worked as a fundraiser for the local Jewish Federation. He also worked with Jewish Family and Career Services, driving individuals who needed driving assistance through their Jet program. He and his family first attended the Ahavath Achim Synagogue, but then began attending Beth Jacob Synagogue in its early days during the 1950s. In the 1980s, he became the president of Beth Jacob Synagogue where he worked with Rabbi Emanuel Feldman. While in Atlanta, he socialized with his closest friend, Norman Diamond, Jerry Siegel, Mickey Steinberg, and others in the local Jewish community. Today, he and his wife still reside in Atlanta, Georgia. \u003c/p\u003e\r\n\u003cp\u003e \u003c/p\u003e\r\n\u003cp\u003e \u003c/p\u003e (bioghist)","\u003cp\u003eBob discusses his family’s heritage and early years living in Waterbury, Connecticut. His father was a junk collector while his mother was one of six children. The family lived in an apartment in Waterbury and never owned a home. \u003c/p\u003e\r\n\u003cp\u003eThen, he describes his time in the United States Army during World War II; the most notable portion of this experience is his involvement with the 566th Quartermaster Railhead in the Western Allied Invasion of Germany. While on tour, he also traveled to Manila in the Philippines and Wakayama, Japan. In his discussion of his time in the Army, he speaks on anti-Semitic discrimination and how his faith impacted his daily life as a soldier.\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\u003cp\u003eAfter describing his military experience, Bob shares information about his return to the United States and how he went back to finish high school. He recalls his time studying foreign trade and marketing at New York University and his efforts to raise funds for Israel’s military during the Palestine War. He then tells a few stories about when he hitchhiked to Mexico to attend summer school at National University. \u003c/p\u003e\r\n\u003cp\u003eThen Bob details his experiences traveling through the country looking for jobs and as a salesman. He then tells the story of how he met, dated, and married his now wife, Suzanne Maran (née Goodman). He and his wife are well-known among the Jewish community in Atlanta because Bob worked for the Jewish Federation of Atlanta, the local chapter of Jewish Family and Career Services, and was president of the Beth Jacob Synagogue in the 1980s. Bob provides insight into the Atlanta Jewish community in the 1950s and onward. \u003c/p\u003e (scope content)"]}},{"label":{"en":["Source Metadata URI"]},"value":{"en":["https://archivesspace.thebreman.org/repositories/2/archival_objects/28844"]}},{"label":{"en":["Rights Statement"]},"value":{"en":["\u003cp\u003eAll rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, recorded by any information storage and retrieval system, without the express written consent of the William Breman Jewish Heritage Museum.\u003c/p\u003e"]}}],"summary":{"en":["\u003cp\u003eBob Maran was interviewed by Joel Arogeti on April 5, 2022 at the Breman Museum in Atlanta, Georgia.\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eBob was born in Waterbury, CT in 1924 to Samuel and Matilda Maran. His parents were born in Kyiv, Ukraine, which was part of the Russian Empire at that time.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\u003cp\u003eBob left home at the age of 18 in 1942 and joined the United States Army shortly after, following his brothers into the service. In 1943 he went on tour in Europe and served with the 566th Quartermaster Railhead while participating in the Western Allied Invasion of Germany. During that time, he served under Generals Courtney Hodges and George S. Patton. Throughout his tour, he traveled to La Havre, France; Aachen, Germany; Regensburg, Germany; and other major European cities. Then, after the fall of Germany, he served in the Philippines and Japan.\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\u003cp\u003eIn early 1945, he returned to Waterbury, Connecticut. There, he completed high school and then he went to New York University. He majored in foreign trade and minored in marketing while living in Greenwich Village. At NYU, he became the president of the student council and was given multiple awards. While living in New York City, he joined Paole Zion, a Marxist Jewish organization that helped supply Israel with weapons and other military articles during the Palestine War. Afterward, he studied for a summer in Mexico City.\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\u003cp\u003eAfter his time in Mexico City, he traveled throughout the country while hopping from job to job, trying to find a profession. He first lived in Seattle, Washington, selling insurance. Then, he worked for A. Stein and Company, a manufacturer of men\u0026rsquo;s belts, women\u0026rsquo;s girdles, and other elastic clothing products, while living in Chicago, Illinois. Then, he worked as a salesman for the company in Michigan and Birmingham, Alabama. He later moved to Atlanta, Georgia. He met his wife, Suzanne Maram (n\u0026eacute;e Goodman), and together they had two children and five grandchildren.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\u003cp\u003eWhile living in Atlanta, he worked as a fundraiser for the local Jewish Federation. He also worked with Jewish Family and Career Services, driving individuals who needed driving assistance through their Jet program. He and his family first attended the Ahavath Achim Synagogue, but then began attending Beth Jacob Synagogue in its early days during the 1950s. In the 1980s, he became the president of Beth Jacob Synagogue where he worked with Rabbi Emanuel Feldman. While in Atlanta, he socialized with his closest friend, Norman Diamond, Jerry Siegel, Mickey Steinberg, and others in the local Jewish community. Today, he and his wife still reside in Atlanta, Georgia.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eBob discusses his family\u0026rsquo;s heritage and early years living in Waterbury, Connecticut. His father was a junk collector while his mother was one of six children. The family lived in an apartment in Waterbury and never owned a home.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\u003cp\u003eThen, he describes his time in the United States Army during World War II; the most notable portion of this experience is his involvement with the 566th Quartermaster Railhead in the Western Allied Invasion of Germany. While on tour, he also traveled to Manila in the Philippines and Wakayama, Japan. In his discussion of his time in the Army, he speaks on anti-Semitic discrimination and how his faith impacted his daily life as a soldier.\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\u003cp\u003eAfter describing his military experience, Bob shares information about his return to the United States and how he went back to finish high school. He recalls his time studying foreign trade and marketing at New York University and his efforts to raise funds for Israel\u0026rsquo;s military during the Palestine War. He then tells a few stories about when he hitchhiked to Mexico to attend summer school at National University.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\u003cp\u003eThen Bob details his experiences traveling through the country looking for jobs and as a salesman. He then tells the story of how he met, dated, and married his now wife, Suzanne Maran (n\u0026eacute;e Goodman). He and his wife are well-known among the Jewish community in Atlanta because Bob worked for the Jewish Federation of Atlanta, the local chapter of Jewish Family and Career Services, and was president of the Beth Jacob Synagogue in the 1980s. Bob provides insight into the Atlanta Jewish community in the 1950s and onward.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e"]},"requiredStatement":{"label":{"en":["Attribution"]},"value":{"en":["\u003cp\u003eAll rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, recorded by any information storage and retrieval system, without the express written consent of the William Breman Jewish Heritage Museum.\u003c/p\u003e"]}},"provider":[{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/aboutus","type":"Agent","label":{"en":["William Breman Jewish Heritage Museum"]},"homepage":[{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/","type":"Text","label":{"en":["William Breman Jewish Heritage Museum"]},"format":"text/html"}],"logo":[{"id":"https://d9jk7wjtjpu5g.cloudfront.net/organizations/logo_images/000/000/082/original/TheBreman_SecondaryMark_Horizontal_Blue_Black.png?1713640889","type":"Image"}]}],"thumbnail":[{"id":"https://d9jk7wjtjpu5g.cloudfront.net/collection_resource_files/thumbnails/000/158/610/small/Maran_Bob.mp4_1650037938.jpg?1650037942","type":"Image","format":"image/jpeg"}],"items":[{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/72717/file/158610","type":"Canvas","label":{"en":["Media File 1 of 1 - Maran_Bob.mp4"]},"duration":3373.29065,"width":640,"height":360,"thumbnail":[{"id":"https://d9jk7wjtjpu5g.cloudfront.net/collection_resource_files/thumbnails/000/158/610/small/Maran_Bob.mp4_1650037938.jpg?1650037942","type":"Image","format":"image/jpeg"}],"items":[{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/72717/file/158610/content/1","type":"AnnotationPage","items":[{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/72717/file/158610/content/1/annotation/1","type":"Annotation","motivation":"painting","body":{"id":"https://aviary-p-thebreman.s3.wasabisys.com/collection_resource_files/resource_files/000/158/610/original/Maran_Bob.mp4?1650037924","type":"Video","format":"video/mp4","duration":3373.29065,"width":640,"height":360},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/72717/file/158610","metadata":[]}]}],"annotations":[{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/72717/file/158610/transcript/39263","type":"AnnotationPage","label":{"en":["Bob Maran [Transcript]"]},"items":[{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/72717/file/158610/transcript/39263/annotation/1","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Arogeti: Good morning!\n\nMaran: Good morning.\n\nArogeti: This is April the fifth in the year 2022. My name is Joel Arogeti and\nI'm a volunteer for the Breman Museum of Atlanta, a Jewish museum here in\nAtlanta [Georgia]. This is part of the Esther and Herbert Taylor Oral History\nProject. Today we'll be speaking with Robert Maran, Bob Maran. Mr. Maran, we're\ngoing to be sitting here today and discussing a little bit about your life and\nyour experiences. We'd like for ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/72717/file/158610#t=0.0,30.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/72717/file/158610/transcript/39263/annotation/2","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"you to share this with our audience and our\nresearchers. Would you tell us your full name?\n\nMaran: My full name is Aaron Maran, very euphonious. I was given the name Bob\nbecause I never had a middle name. I was president of the student body at New\nYork University, and when I went to Mexico, they said I should add my ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/72717/file/158610#t=30.0,60.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/72717/file/158610/transcript/39263/annotation/3","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"name\ninstead of Aaron. I should be, Bob. So, since 1950, I've been under the name of\nBob Aaron and only my family, people I have grown up with, knew me by the name\nof Aaron. It's a done deal and I go by the name of Bob throughout the years.\n\nArogeti: Mr. Maran, would you just-- We'll be discussing sort of your life and\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/72717/file/158610#t=60.0,90.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/72717/file/158610/transcript/39263/annotation/4","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"your experience in the next hour or so. If you would tell us, when were you born\nand where were you born?\n\nMaran: I was born in 1924, born in Waterbury, Connecticut. I am 98 years of age,\nand I've had my trials and tribulations like any individual, ups and downs. But\nthank God, at the age of 98, I'm ahead of the game.\n\nArogeti: Fantastic. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/72717/file/158610#t=90.0,120.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/72717/file/158610/transcript/39263/annotation/5","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Tell us a little bit about your parents, their names; and\nwhere were they born and where did they meet?\n\nMaran: My parents were born in Russia, based in Kyiv. I don't know the history\nof my father, may he rest in peace. My father was an old junk man, going back to\nthe days of the horse and buggy. We had stables in the back. We never owned our\nown home. We just lived in an ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/72717/file/158610#t=120.0,150.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/72717/file/158610/transcript/39263/annotation/6","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"apartment. And I'm one of nine children and I'm\nthe last sibling.\n\nArogeti: And your father's name?\n\nMaran: Samuel [Maran]. My mother's name was Matilda [Maran], and my mother is\none of six children. From my father's side, I don't know too much of.\nUnfortunately, I wasn't smart enough to ask too many ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/72717/file/158610#t=150.0,180.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/72717/file/158610/transcript/39263/annotation/7","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"questions. I left home at\nthe age of 18 ½. My mother, may she rest in peace, passed away at the age of\n62. At the time, I would say yahrzeit for my mother, may she rest in peace. My\ntwo brothers were already in the service. I'm one of nine children, as I\nmentioned ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/72717/file/158610#t=180.0,210.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/72717/file/158610/transcript/39263/annotation/8","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"earlier. I went in and I joined them. From there I went down to Camp\nPolk, Louisiana, where I had my basic training.\n\nArogeti: It's approximately 1942. The war had started. The United States had\nbeen in the war. You're about 18 to 1942, 1943. Did you get enlisted or were you drafted?\n\nMaran: I was drafted. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/72717/file/158610#t=210.0,240.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/72717/file/158610/transcript/39263/annotation/9","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"As I say--it's one of those incidents where I felt that my\ntwo brothers were in and I'm going to go in also. I went in, wound up in Camp\nPolk, Louisiana. My first experience was with a redneck from\nKentucky--Louisville, Kentucky. He insulted me and my religion, and we all were\ngiven the ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/72717/file/158610#t=240.0,270.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/72717/file/158610/transcript/39263/annotation/10","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"individual booths as far as jobs are concerned. Since I went to a\ncommercial high school, I was taken in supply, and he became a company clerk.\nBut to this day, I think he's still alive. But I'll never forget the years that\nwe had taken. After about a year, my ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/72717/file/158610#t=270.0,300.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/72717/file/158610/transcript/39263/annotation/11","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"supply sergeant, evidently, he was given\nhis discharge and I jumped from a private first class to a staff sergeant, which\nis unusual for a young fellow like that. I was in supply throughout my period of\nthree years in the service and from there--\n\nArogeti: \"Supply,\" for the folks that aren't familiar with that ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/72717/file/158610#t=300.0,330.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/72717/file/158610/transcript/39263/annotation/12","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"term, what\nexactly was it that you did for the Army?\n\nMaran: Supply sergeant, we took care of all the officers, the letters and the\nsupplies that the soldiers would need.\n\nArogeti: While they were here and training in the United States?\n\nMaran: Right.\n\nArogeti: Before they were shipped overseas?\n\nMaran: Before I shipped overseas, correct.\n\nArogeti: Tell us a little bit, you mentioned briefly that you had ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/72717/file/158610#t=330.0,360.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/72717/file/158610/transcript/39263/annotation/13","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"a colleague in\nthe Army, or a subordinate, or a supervisor. Was this your first incident of\nanti-Semitism that you experienced?\n\nMaran: That was truly my first acceptance of the insult at the time. His name\nwas Meredith Tipton, T-I-P-T-O-N, from Louisville, Kentucky.\n\nArogeti: Could you share with us just some of it--exactly what ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/72717/file/158610#t=360.0,390.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/72717/file/158610/transcript/39263/annotation/14","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"happened?\n\nMaran: I don't know. He was company clerk and our supply sergeant. He was a T-5\n[Technician Fifth-Grade], which is another rating, and our supply sergeant,\nwhich was three stripes. I don't know what happened, but I went home on an\nemergency furlough. My brother-in-law passed away. I hired a young fella to help\nme in supply. He was a ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/72717/file/158610#t=390.0,420.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/72717/file/158610/transcript/39263/annotation/15","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"private. After my return, my very dear friend Harry\nFishman from Lawrence, Massachusetts, said to me, \"I have my duffel bag on my\nshoulder.\" He said, \"They got it in for you.\" I said, \"What are you talking\nabout?\" I walked into the commander's office. He handed me my papers. I'm no\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/72717/file/158610#t=420.0,450.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/72717/file/158610/transcript/39263/annotation/16","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"longer supply sergeant. I was reduced from sergeant to private. And he asked me\nto stay and teach the young fellow to become a supply sergeant. He was a\nprivate. He showed me the papers. the discharge. The papers said, \"honorable\ndischarge reduced to the rank of private.\" To this day, I ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/72717/file/158610#t=450.0,480.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/72717/file/158610/transcript/39263/annotation/17","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"don't know what\nhappened. Something happened with my records while I was gone, evidently.\n\nArogeti: Were you discharged when you came back from your brother's funeral?\n\nMaran: After the war, I came back as sergeant.\n\nArogeti: I just want to make sure that I'm clear. You went home for your\nbrother's--brother-in-law's funeral, and you came back, and you had some\ndischarge papers saying that you had been reduced from staff sergeant down to\nprivate ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/72717/file/158610#t=480.0,510.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/72717/file/158610/transcript/39263/annotation/18","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"first class.\n\nMaran: Right.\n\nArogeti: Did you stay in the Army?\n\nMaran: I stayed in the service. Right.\n\nArogeti: You stayed in the service.\n\nMaran: He asked me to teach him, and I said, \"Captain, I want to leave the\noutfit I'm not happy here.\" Immediately, the following day, I was on my way to overseas.\n\nArogeti: You were shipped off to Europe?\n\nMaran: I was shipped off to Europe. I went over on the Queen Mary.\n\nArogeti: ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/72717/file/158610#t=510.0,540.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/72717/file/158610/transcript/39263/annotation/19","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"This was 1942?\n\nMaran: This was 1944.\n\nArogeti: 1944.\n\nMaran: Right. Well, 1943.\n\nArogeti: All right. The war was still on, raging?\n\nMaran: The war was still on, right.\n\nArogeti: The war was still on. And where did you land when you went to Europe?\n\nMaran: I landed in England. Yeah, from England. We went to Cardiff, Wales. My\nfirst unfortunate experience in Cardiff. We slept in stables, and they were all\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/72717/file/158610#t=540.0,570.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/72717/file/158610/transcript/39263/annotation/20","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"bunkers with straw mattresses, and the straw coming through the mattresses, and\nfrom the bugs, evidently, I developed a case of scabies. They put me into a ward\nwith all those patients, and that was in Cardiff, Wales. Then from Cardiff,\nWales, we went into France.\n\nArogeti: You recovered from your illness of scabies--\n\nMaran: Right.\n\nArogeti: Then they shipped you into France?\n\nMaran: ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/72717/file/158610#t=570.0,600.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/72717/file/158610/transcript/39263/annotation/21","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Right.\n\nArogeti: The war was active going on at that time?\n\nMaran: The war was still going on, correct. There we landed in-- I forget the\nterm--major city in France, Le Havre, Le Havre, France.\n\nArogeti: And Normandy?\n\nMaran: No, this was after the Battle of Normandy.\n\nArogeti: Right, right.\n\nMaran: There we started. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/72717/file/158610#t=600.0,630.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/72717/file/158610/transcript/39263/annotation/22","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I was with General [Courtney] Hodges, H-O-D-G-E-S,\nCourtney Hodges. There we had to do what we had to do. We had to supply all of\nthe--vehicles with their gas and oil, fuel supply, all the soldiers, because the\ntractors and vehicles cannot run without fuel. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/72717/file/158610#t=630.0,660.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/72717/file/158610/transcript/39263/annotation/23","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"From France, I went to a rest\ncamp, in Liege [French: Liège], Belgium. I stayed in the camp for about ten\nyears-- I stayed in the camp, rather for, ten days. For France, we moved over to\nthe Battle of the Bulge. I got there in 1944. I ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/72717/file/158610#t=660.0,690.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/72717/file/158610/transcript/39263/annotation/24","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"hooked up with General [George\nS.] Patton.\n\nArogeti: What unit were you in or what division?\n\nMaran: I was with [the] 566th Quartermaster Railhead. From France into Aachen\n[Germany] and Buchenwald and Verviers [Belgium]. That's where all the battles\ntook place, which I ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/72717/file/158610#t=690.0,720.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/72717/file/158610/transcript/39263/annotation/25","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"don't have to go into because it was so cold, and snow and\nice and whatnot, that we went on further to over to the Rhine... I forgot some\nof the names of the cities in Germany. Crossing the Rhine and bodies, still\nbodies in the fields. Still a lot of ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/72717/file/158610#t=720.0,750.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/72717/file/158610/transcript/39263/annotation/26","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"deaths around. From there, we wound up from\nthere-- This was after I left Liege [French: Liège], Belgium, the rest camp.\nFrom there we went down to Nuremberg, Germany with [George S.] Patton. We're in\nNuremberg, the war was over. I think [this] was in May of ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/72717/file/158610#t=750.0,780.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/72717/file/158610/transcript/39263/annotation/27","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"1945. From Nuremberg,\nwe went back up to Regensburg, Germany. It was maybe a hundred thousand German\nsoldiers there that were captive. From Regensburg, I went up to Marseille,\nFrance. In Marseille, France-- Unfortunately, they said the French were not very\nnice. I don't know why, but I didn't ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/72717/file/158610#t=780.0,810.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/72717/file/158610/transcript/39263/annotation/28","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"experience it, but a lot of soldiers did.\nFrom France, we were slated for the invasion of Japan.\n\nArogeti: Before we leave Europe to go to the Pacific theater, tell me a little\nbit about how you first heard that the war in Germany was over. Do you remember?\nWas it an announcement from your supervisor? Did you hear it on the radio? Tell\nus how you heard the war was over.\n\nMaran: [Inaudible: ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/72717/file/158610#t=810.0,840.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/72717/file/158610/transcript/39263/annotation/29","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"14.00] ...it was over, but I knew it was over. It was a\ndifferent area. South Germany was a more lucrative area versus Northern Germany.\n\nArogeti: You say lucrative, what do you mean by that?\n\nMaran: In Northern Germany and other parts, it was cold and snow and ice. South\nGermany, it was different-- Children were not asking for food. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/72717/file/158610#t=840.0,870.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/72717/file/158610/transcript/39263/annotation/30","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"North Germany,\ntoo many people were dead. I wound up in-- Marseille, France. In Marseille,\nFrance, we were shipped over to ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/72717/file/158610#t=870.0,900.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/72717/file/158610/transcript/39263/annotation/31","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Japan. I went to Japan. We reached Manila [in\nthe Philippines], Rosh Hashanah. This was in August 1945. I never saw so many\nJewish people congregate here at one time as I saw the Rizal, R-I-Z-A-L,\nStadium. From there, from ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/72717/file/158610#t=900.0,930.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/72717/file/158610/transcript/39263/annotation/32","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Manila, I went on to Japan. The war was over once we\nreached Manila, we didn't get to Japan. We landed in Wakayama, Japan. We had to\nstay here because the waters were mined. I stayed here for a week, ten days. At\nthe time, I was still a private. Few supply ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/72717/file/158610#t=930.0,960.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/72717/file/158610/transcript/39263/annotation/33","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"sergeants were. From there, we had\nthe inspector general inspect all of our records. Then we're coming in--the war\nwas over. Then we're coming in from all over the Pacific. They discharged, and I\nhad a handle. It was like a base, a melting ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/72717/file/158610#t=960.0,990.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/72717/file/158610/transcript/39263/annotation/34","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"pot. Finally, the first lieutenant\ncame over to me, and said, \"You're not getting your stripes back.\" He knew I was\nredacted-- I was reduced to private. He became captain and I became staff\nsergeant. I stayed there until February or March of ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/72717/file/158610#t=990.0,1020.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/72717/file/158610/transcript/39263/annotation/35","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"1945. He asked me if I\nwanted to become first sergeant. I became very friendly with the captain. [He\nasked me] if I wanted to take over first sergeant that takes over the enlisted\nmen. But that's tough as far as the right personnel is concerned. I said, \"No, I\nwant to go home.\"\n\nArogeti: By then you'd been in the Army close ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/72717/file/158610#t=1020.0,1050.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/72717/file/158610/transcript/39263/annotation/36","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"to two and a half, almost three years?\n\nMaran: Over three years. Right. It was an interesting experience. Not only that,\nbut I think it gave me a little more maturity, exposure, to all the people as\nwell. I came home in March of 1946.\n\nArogeti: Went back to Connecticut, your hometown?\n\nMaran: Yes. I ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/72717/file/158610#t=1050.0,1080.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/72717/file/158610/transcript/39263/annotation/37","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"applied for a university. I lacked a half [of] a credit; I needed\n16 credits. I said, \"You go back and pick up a half [of] a credit.\" I went back\nto high school.\n\nArogeti: Here you are, probably, what, 21 or 22 years old?\n\nMaran: At that time?\n\nArogeti: You had to go back to high school to finish up?\n\nMaran: I picked up Spanish because I was majoring in foreign trade, minoring in\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/72717/file/158610#t=1080.0,1110.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/72717/file/158610/transcript/39263/annotation/38","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"marketing. As a result, in six months I picked up Spanish, went back to NYU, and\nthey accepted me.\n\nArogeti: Did you live on campus, or did you live at home and commute?\n\nMaran: No, I lived in Greenwich Village in New York [City, New York].\nUnfortunately, I could not afford to, but I was living on $75 a month ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/72717/file/158610#t=1110.0,1140.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/72717/file/158610/transcript/39263/annotation/39","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"from the\ngovernment. I had roommates. We lived in two or three different areas in New\nYork City. There I became active in a Jewish organization called Poale Zion,\nP-A-O-L-E Z-I-O-N [sic], and the war was still on. We smuggled guns through one of\nthe synagogues in ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/72717/file/158610#t=1140.0,1170.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/72717/file/158610/transcript/39263/annotation/40","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Manhattan [New York City, New York].\n\nArogeti: When you say the war was still on, you're not talking about the war.\n\nMaran: The war was still, the war--\n\nArogeti: The war in Germany was over and the war in Japan was over. What war are\nyou talking about?\n\nMaran: I'm trying to recall. The Israeli War was still on.\n\nArogeti: Israel was fighting--the Jews and Palestine were fighting the British?\n\nMaran: Right.\n\nArogeti: Okay.\n\nMaran: There I was on Canal Street under the ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/72717/file/158610#t=1170.0,1200.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/72717/file/158610/transcript/39263/annotation/41","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"subway stations and on top [of] an\norange box, raising money, funds for Israel. The war with the Arabs.\n\nArogeti: This was before 1948, when Israel was declared an independent country?\n\nMaran: That's correct.\n\nArogeti: You were helping--that the Jews that were living in then Palestine--\n\nMaran: That's correct.\n\nArogeti: --to fight for their independence?\n\nMaran: From ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/72717/file/158610#t=1200.0,1230.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/72717/file/158610/transcript/39263/annotation/42","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"there--from the New York area-- I tried to find my niche in life\nbecause I had no profession. I had to meander all over the country: Seattle,\nWashington; Chicago [Illinois]; and Lansing, Michigan; and Birmingham [Alabama],\nand then came down through all those areas and then ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/72717/file/158610#t=1230.0,1260.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/72717/file/158610/transcript/39263/annotation/43","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I lived in Atlanta with the\nVintner family.\n\nArogeti: Before we get to that point, had you graduated from NYU, or were you still--\n\nMaran: NYU? Yes, that was an important part of my life.\n\nArogeti: Yes, sir.\n\nMaran: I was president, junior class president. From here I became president of\n[the] student ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/72717/file/158610#t=1260.0,1290.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/72717/file/158610/transcript/39263/annotation/44","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"council. At that particular time, I told them I was going to\nMexico to learn more Spanish. At the time, if I recall properly, I was given the\naward of Student Hall of ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/72717/file/158610#t=1290.0,1320.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/72717/file/158610/transcript/39263/annotation/45","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Fame and \"Who's Who in America.\" There might have been\na national publication. I just don't know. From there, I came down to down\nsouth, traveling all over the country. Prior--\n\nArogeti: Before we get to your time in the South, United States, tell us a\nlittle bit about when you decided to go from New York City at NYU and then study\nin Mexico. This is an interesting story, so let's--\n\nMaran: Right. I studied Spanish in Mexico, went to ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/72717/file/158610#t=1320.0,1350.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/72717/file/158610/transcript/39263/annotation/46","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"summer school. Now at that\ntime, at summer school, there's a very, very strange incident. I associated with\nolder people. One was a very, very prominent Orthodox individual, his name was\nLeon Davidoff. Highly recognized throughout the world and the other chap was\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/72717/file/158610#t=1350.0,1380.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/72717/file/158610/transcript/39263/annotation/47","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Gregory Kaplan. They contacted me, someone came in from Europe, the biplanes for\nthe Arabs. If I can get them a room where I live. Because I was overlooking one\nof the hotels and I went over to Senora [Spanish: Señora], Ms. Chavez [to see]\nif I [could] get them a ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/72717/file/158610#t=1380.0,1410.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/72717/file/158610/transcript/39263/annotation/48","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"room. I got them a room upstairs and she asked me one\nday what was going on with those individuals, those two men that were coming and\ngoing and sometimes they were dashing in and out. I said, \"Well, evidently, it's\ntheir business.\" I went upstairs and I had my purple sweater, NYU emblems, and\ncigarette butts ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/72717/file/158610#t=1410.0,1440.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/72717/file/158610/transcript/39263/annotation/49","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"all over a chair on the bed overlooking the hotel. While we're\ntalking, I said, \"Is that the man that had stayed in the hotel, dressed up in a\nbeige suit?\" We dashed, all three of us, dashed downstairs. They hopped into the\ncar, and I followed them in. We were walking towards Paeso de la Reforma, it was\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/72717/file/158610#t=1440.0,1470.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/72717/file/158610/transcript/39263/annotation/50","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"like Peachtree Street. A bus came by. The bus was full. There was one empty\nseat. He sat down; I sat down alongside him. Just small gossip, nothing in\nparticular. He leaned over for his briefcase, and I saw he had a pistol on the\nside. I said ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/72717/file/158610#t=1470.0,1500.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/72717/file/158610/transcript/39263/annotation/51","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"goodbye to him. Incidentally, one thing I forgot: to go to Mexico,\nwe hitchhiked from New York all the way to Mexico City [Mexico].\n\nArogeti: Were you with someone else or were you by yourself?\n\nMaran: There was an ad in the paper looking for students to go to Mexico. He and\nI hitchhiked all the way to Mexico City.\n\nArogeti: Do you remember his name?\n\nMaran: His first name was Allen. I don't recall his ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/72717/file/158610#t=1500.0,1530.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/72717/file/158610/transcript/39263/annotation/52","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"last name.\n\nArogeti: How long did it take you to get from New York to Mexico City?\n\nMaran: All I remember was St. Louis [Missouri]. It was raining cats and dogs. A\nsailor and his girlfriend came over and picked us up. We evidently passed the\ntrailer and we hit an embankment. We rolled over. We went to the hospital, and\neverything was fine. Got back up in St. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/72717/file/158610#t=1530.0,1560.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/72717/file/158610/transcript/39263/annotation/53","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Louis and hitchhiked from St. Louis all\nthe way to Laredo, Texas. There I met a Senor [Spanish: Señor] Salazar. He had\na truck and a Buick station wagon. Senor Salazar said, \"I'll take you to Mexico\nif you drive my truck.\" In those days there was no such thing as a barrier. You look\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/72717/file/158610#t=1560.0,1590.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/72717/file/158610/transcript/39263/annotation/54","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"down five to 10,000 feet, tremendous drops. We're driving on the opposite side\nof the road. It was just one terrible situation. But we managed to get to\nMonterrey [Mexico] on the way to Mexico City.\n\nArogeti: What year was this? Approximately 1948, 1949, 1950?\n\nMaran: ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/72717/file/158610#t=1590.0,1620.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/72717/file/158610/transcript/39263/annotation/55","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"It was 1948.\n\nArogeti: Before the state of Israel. You were mentioning these two gentlemen\nthat wanted to rent a room in the same place you were staying? I'm not sure that\nI understood completely that story, so going back a little bit--\n\nMaran: Evidently, come to find out, I never did find out why. He was dating some\nwoman. They followed him. But Senor ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/72717/file/158610#t=1620.0,1650.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/72717/file/158610/transcript/39263/annotation/56","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Salazar went on a hunting expedition to\nBrazil. The other fellow that I was following went up to the steps of the hotel\nand I followed him. We were both at the counter and he turned around and looked\nat me. \"What are you doing here?\" I said, \"Well, I drove for Mr. Salazar,\" and\nthe clerk is listening. She ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/72717/file/158610#t=1650.0,1680.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/72717/file/158610/transcript/39263/annotation/57","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"said, \"Yes, Mr. Salazar went on a hunting expedition\nto Brazil.\" Who comes rushing around the corner? Gregory Kaplan and Leon\nDavidoff. If you'll check the records, I'll show you to Rabbi [Ilan D.] Feldman\nfrom Beth Jacob the story. He looked [it] up at the computer and others as ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/72717/file/158610#t=1680.0,1710.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/72717/file/158610/transcript/39263/annotation/58","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"well.\nThe most prominent-- Leon Davidoff was highly recognized throughout the Jewish\nchannels, throughout the country, as being quite a philanthropist and helping\nstate of Israel. Gregory Kaplan married a gal from Bogota, [Spanish: Bogotá],\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/72717/file/158610#t=1710.0,1740.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/72717/file/158610/transcript/39263/annotation/59","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Colombia. It's a twisted story, but at one time I was working down in Florida,\nand I was at the Saxony Hotel. In those days, the Saxony and the San Souci were\nthe two prominent hotels before the Fontainebleau and so forth. There were\npeople speaking in the corner. I knew they were ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/72717/file/158610#t=1740.0,1770.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/72717/file/158610/transcript/39263/annotation/60","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Jewish. I said to the bartender,\nI gave him a $5 bill. I said, \"Introduce me to those people,\" because had a\nyoung daughter. I went over and spoke to them. They were on their way to the\nMayo Clinic. She had cancer, evidently. --He married into their family, Gregory\nKaplan, and a woman ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/72717/file/158610#t=1770.0,1800.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/72717/file/158610/transcript/39263/annotation/61","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"screamed. Gregory [Kaplan] was their son-in-law. This world\ngets smaller and smaller. Come to find out about the individual who saw this\nwoman every night. I don't know what occurred, but I heard. I went back in 1950\nto work on my master's. The first one was the National ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/72717/file/158610#t=1800.0,1830.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/72717/file/158610/transcript/39263/annotation/62","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"University.\n\nArogeti: You went back to Mexico City to work on your master's in 1950?\n\nMaran: Right. In 1950. First, I found out what happened, even though they beat\nhim to a pulp because he insulted the state of Mexico, something to that effect.\nBut to this day, I don't know what occurred.\n\nArogeti: You're talking ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/72717/file/158610#t=1830.0,1860.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/72717/file/158610/transcript/39263/annotation/63","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"about, the government officials beat up Mr. [Gregory] Kaplan?\n\nMaran: Pardon?\n\nArogeti: Did the government officials or others accost or beat up Mr. [Gregory] Kaplan?\n\nMaran: Not Mr. [Gregory] Kaplan.\n\nArogeti: Who?\n\nMaran: Mr. [Gregory] Kaplan beat up this one fellow who came to buy arms,\nevidently. But, if I recall ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/72717/file/158610#t=1860.0,1890.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/72717/file/158610/transcript/39263/annotation/64","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"correctly, the woman screamed out loud because her\nson-in-law that they had married. I told them the story about meeting Gregory\n[Kaplan] in Mexico. If you look at the iPad today, you look up the\nname \"Leon Davidoff,\" ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/72717/file/158610#t=1890.0,1920.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/72717/file/158610/transcript/39263/annotation/65","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"D-A-V-I-D-O-F-F, you'll see, his history. Quite an individual.\n\nArogeti: Just so that we know, and some of the people that are listening to this\nrecording know, these were two gentlemen who were in Mexico City around the same\ntime you were?\n\nMaran: Right.\n\nArogeti: They were helping to facilitate arms or weapons or planes to the state\nof Israel?\n\nMaran: That's correct. We belonged to a club, Club Moledat, M-O-L-E-D-A-T. I\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/72717/file/158610#t=1920.0,1950.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/72717/file/158610/transcript/39263/annotation/66","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"think \"moledat\" means \"freedom club,\" if I'm not mistaken. That's where we held\nour Shabbas readings. It was a very interesting situation.\n\nArogeti: I want to go back for just a moment because I don't know if you've\nshared with us, but I believe you grew up in an Orthodox household. Is that correct?\n\nMaran: I did, yes.\n\nArogeti: It was a traditional Orthodox house? You were observant? You were kosher?\n\nMaran: We ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/72717/file/158610#t=1950.0,1980.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/72717/file/158610/transcript/39263/annotation/67","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"never had a home, always an apartment.\n\nArogeti: In your apartment.\n\nMaran: We--\n\nArogeti: Right. When you were in the Army, were you able to observe your faith?\n\nMaran: No. I couldn't. The only thing I would stand in line for was the chow\nline. When they were serving pork chops, I passed. I was saying yahrzeit for my\nmother, may she rest in peace, until I went into the service. But, since ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/72717/file/158610#t=1980.0,2010.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/72717/file/158610/transcript/39263/annotation/68","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"then, I\ntry to keep my Yiddishkeit. I became-- joined the Beth Jacob Synagogue.\n\nArogeti: We'll talk about that in just a few minutes. But, so right now, it's\nthe early 1950s. You've gone back to Mexico City for your master's. You\neventually got your master's.\n\nMaran: I didn't finish it.\n\nArogeti: You didn't finish it? All right. But you said you studied in Mexico\nCity, then you came back to the United States, is that correct?\n\nMaran: ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/72717/file/158610#t=2010.0,2040.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/72717/file/158610/transcript/39263/annotation/69","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Correct.\n\nArogeti: All right. Share with us. When you came back to the United States, was\nthat to come back to work? [You had] come back to the United States after your\ntime in Mexico City as a student. Did you come back to the States to work?\n\nMaran: Yes.\n\nArogeti: Were you up in Connecticut or were you--?\n\nMaran: No, I was just trying to find myself. I sent out resumes with my picture\non it. I wound up selling ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/72717/file/158610#t=2040.0,2070.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/72717/file/158610/transcript/39263/annotation/70","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"insurance. Seattle, Washington. I sat down with the\npresident of the firm. His first comment was \"Your name?\" and I said, \"Aaron\nMaran.\" Some of my best friends are Jewish, so I heard that coming. Naturally,\nit rang a bell in my ear. I lasted one year and from there I went on to Chicago.\nAnd in Chicago, I worked for ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/72717/file/158610#t=2070.0,2100.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/72717/file/158610/transcript/39263/annotation/71","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"A. Stein \u0026 Company, selling women's brassiere\ngirdles. And after a year in Chicago, I was sent to Lansing, Michigan. I hadn't\nstayed in Michigan without the city of Detroit. And from Michigan, I went down\nto Birmingham, Alabama. I lived in Alabama for one year. Wonderful town.\n\nArogeti: Who did you work with or for when you were in ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/72717/file/158610#t=2100.0,2130.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/72717/file/158610/transcript/39263/annotation/72","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Birmingham? Do you remember?\n\nMaran: Before I went to Birmingham, I sold men's belts.\n\nArogeti: And who did you work for while you were in Birmingham?\n\nMaran: In Birmingham, I worked for A. Stein and Company, the manufacturer of\nmen's belts, women's brassiere girdles. There was an opening for me, and I still\ndidn't find my niche in life. From there I ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/72717/file/158610#t=2130.0,2160.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/72717/file/158610/transcript/39263/annotation/73","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"came to Atlanta and lived with a\nBlouseman family. No, that was Birmingham. I lived with the Vintner family. Sal\nVintner was a doctor, I think. Mrs. Vintner, they lived off of University\nAvenue. I lived with her for a year. And from there, I moved into an apartment\nhouse with another salesman. Eli Fritter. Eli [Fritter] was with custom dress\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/72717/file/158610#t=2160.0,2190.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/72717/file/158610/transcript/39263/annotation/74","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"shoes. And Eli [Fritter] and I roomed together for about a year. I went on to\nMiami [Florida] for a vacation, and that's where I met my lovely wife.\n\nArogeti: Tell us a little bit about that story. You were down in Miami. Were you\ndown there with any friends or were you by yourself?\n\nMaran: I was by myself. I was up Catskills. I used to go to the Catskills--I\nworked at the Catskills for two summers as a ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/72717/file/158610#t=2190.0,2220.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/72717/file/158610/transcript/39263/annotation/75","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"waiter.\n\nArogeti: Was this while you were in high school?\n\nMaran: No, this is...\n\nArogeti: After the Army?\n\nMaran: After the Army. I worked as a waiter. And from there, I recall--if I get\nmy dates straight--\n\nArogeti: When you come down to Miami for vacation. And when you're in Miami did\nyou meet your--\n\nMaran: Eli [Fritter] and my ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/72717/file/158610#t=2220.0,2250.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/72717/file/158610/transcript/39263/annotation/76","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"wife somehow did not connect with each other. Eli\n[Fritter] left and she gave me her phone number. I never forgot it. I went back\nagain, and I stayed at the Nautilus Hotel. I look around, I see about 40 or 50\nwomen all lined up in the lobby and I said, \"This is too much for me. Who do I\nknow?\" There's my wife's ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/72717/file/158610#t=2250.0,2280.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/72717/file/158610/transcript/39263/annotation/77","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"telephone number. I picked up the phone and I called\nher, and we went out that night. We dated nine days out of ten. I came back to\nAtlanta. A friend of mine, was in the jewelry field, Tim's Jeweler, and I said,\n\"Sidney [Mendel?], I want the best stone, best thing you've got in the place.\"\nTo this day, she's wearing the ring. Just like ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/72717/file/158610#t=2280.0,2310.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/72717/file/158610/transcript/39263/annotation/78","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that. We're married 64 years,\nhappily married. Wonderful, very wonderful children. Five, great, five wonderful\ngrandchildren. Beautiful home. The children don't have to worry the rest of\ntheir lives.\n\nArogeti: Share with me the name of your beautiful bride.\n\nMaran: My bride's name is Suzanne [Maran, née Goodman].\n\nArogeti: What was her maiden name?\n\nMaran: Suzanne Goodman.\n\nArogeti: Goodman. Did you meet with her parents?\n\nMaran: Never met her ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/72717/file/158610#t=2310.0,2340.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/72717/file/158610/transcript/39263/annotation/79","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"parents.\n\nArogeti: Never met her parents. They passed away before you were there?\n\nMaran: No, they were alive. I brought them to Atlanta. I'm still trying to find\nmy niche. I opened up two stores. They didn't work out. And I brought them to\nAtlanta. My mother-in-law passed away at the age of 86. My father-in-law passed\naway at the age of 92. Two ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/72717/file/158610#t=2340.0,2370.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/72717/file/158610/transcript/39263/annotation/80","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"wonderful, wonderful people.\n\nArogeti: So, tell me about your wife. Tell me about your bride.\n\nMaran: My bride--\n\nArogeti: She grew up in Miami?\n\nMaran: She grew up in Miami. She was tennis champion, sets in singles. Champion\nin the state of Florida while she was in high school, in doubles and second in\nsingles. She says, to this day, all she ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/72717/file/158610#t=2370.0,2400.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/72717/file/158610/transcript/39263/annotation/81","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"wanted to do-- Excuse me. All she wanted\nto do was get married and have children.\n\nArogeti: A noble profession.\n\nMaran: As a result--\n\nArogeti: Tell me about your children. You said earlier you have three children.\nWho are they?\n\nMaran: Mindy, Mindy Allen. Married to David ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/72717/file/158610#t=2400.0,2430.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/72717/file/158610/transcript/39263/annotation/82","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Allen. Scott Maran and Jeff Maran.\nMindy [Allen] works for an insurance company. Scott is in the printing field.\nThe five grandchildren: I've got Johnathan Allen, Mindy [Allen]. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/72717/file/158610#t=2430.0,2460.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/72717/file/158610/transcript/39263/annotation/83","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Johnathan\n[Allen]--. Johnathan [Allen], Marissa [Allen], and Karen [Allen], those are\nMindy [Allen's] children. Scott [Maran] has two children, Corey Maran and\nBradley [Maran]--\n\nArogeti: Any great-grandchildren at this time?\n\nMaran: Unfortunately, we're not blessed with any grandchildren.\n\nArogeti: Not-- great grandchildren. Not yet. We'll be sure to have to interview\nyou again and do a supplement with that ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/72717/file/158610#t=2460.0,2490.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/72717/file/158610/transcript/39263/annotation/84","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"when that happens. I want to stop for a minute--\n\nMaran: Sure.\n\nArogeti: Go back and talk about your days in Atlanta. You married your wife, you\nbrought her up from Miami to Atlanta, you started a family, you started a\nbusiness. Did you get active or involved in local affairs here in the Atlanta community?\n\nMaran: My first job, I did volunteer work for the Jewish Federation. I was\nmaking phone ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/72717/file/158610#t=2490.0,2520.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/72717/file/158610/transcript/39263/annotation/85","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"calls, raising funds. It was embarrassing. Sometimes I contact some\nfriends and they didn't like the idea that I knew what they were giving. I\ncalled one of my doctors, first thing he said to me, \"Okay, cover me for $750.\"\nThat was my first instance. I did this for quite some time. I drove ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/72717/file/158610#t=2520.0,2550.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/72717/file/158610/transcript/39263/annotation/86","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"for Jewish\nFamily and Career Services, drove Jet.\n\nArogeti: Just so people [who] don't know, that Jet is their driving assistance\nprogram. You volunteer and you drive people to doctor appointments--\n\nMaran: Exactly. Exactly.\n\nArogeti: Or other places. I'll share with you since you first volunteered for\nthe Jewish Federation of Greater Atlanta. People are still doing that today and\nwe're still raising money. Because of what the Federation does, we're privileged\nto have organizations like the Breman ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/72717/file/158610#t=2550.0,2580.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/72717/file/158610/transcript/39263/annotation/87","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Museum, and we're able to have interviews\nlike this, in part because of the work you did decades ago and the work that\ncontinues today. Thank you very much for your efforts and leadership. You\nvolunteered for the Federation; you volunteered for Jewish Family Services by\ndriving folks around. What else have you gotten involved in?\n\nMaran: I became president of Beth Jacob Synagogue--\n\nArogeti: Here in Atlanta?\n\nMaran: Here in Atlanta.\n\nArogeti: Do you remember the years that you were president of the synagogue? ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/72717/file/158610#t=2580.0,2610.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/72717/file/158610/transcript/39263/annotation/88","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"What\nyears was that or were that?\n\nMaran: I think it was 1986, which is 36 years ago. I've got the honor, Man of\nthe Year Award a couple of times.\n\nArogeti: Tell us a little bit about your volunteer work at the Beth Jacob\nSynagogue, for folks that don't know or are familiar with that synagogue.\n\nMaran: It's like any officer's position, having our ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/72717/file/158610#t=2610.0,2640.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/72717/file/158610/transcript/39263/annotation/89","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"meetings and keeping the\nsynagogue going. It's been a constant membership of about 525 families because\nof the expansion of Jewry in the city of Atlanta, Chabad and Kollel, so many\ndifferent organizations that it's constant. People are coming and going.\n\nArogeti: You had the privilege of working with ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/72717/file/158610#t=2640.0,2670.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/72717/file/158610/transcript/39263/annotation/90","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Rabbi [Emanuel] Feldman, Emanuel\nFeldman. Tell us a little--\n\nMaran: I worked with Rabbi Emanuel Feldman.\n\nArogeti: Tell us a little bit about Rabbi [Emanuel] Feldman for those folks\nlistening that may not be familiar with him.\n\nMaran: Rabbi [Emanuel] Feldman, to my knowledge, is one of the greatest\nindividuals one could possibly think of. He married my daughter, Mindy. One the\nmost beautiful weddings I've ever attended. I call him every now and then in\nIsrael. My wife is friendly ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/72717/file/158610#t=2670.0,2700.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/72717/file/158610/transcript/39263/annotation/91","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"with his wife. He was our Rabbi for, I imagine, 30\nyears, and his son is following in his footsteps. He's quite a man, Ilan [D.\nFeldman]. Ilan [D. Feldman] came to see--. see us at our home recently. I showed\nhim an album of when we were honored at the synagogue. I raised funds. I was\ntheir major fund ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/72717/file/158610#t=2700.0,2730.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/72717/file/158610/transcript/39263/annotation/92","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"raiser. I averaged about $40,000 a year. We came out with a\nbook, Beth Jacob: Directory, and it's from all the merchants and I'd be running\ndown to Toco Hills. Got that to go, all the retailers, to put their ads in the\nbook. I think the most we raised was $80,000. But this kept our show going. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/72717/file/158610#t=2730.0,2760.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/72717/file/158610/transcript/39263/annotation/93","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"To\nthis day, it's no longer the same. It's just by telephone. We don't have the\nvolunteers, but I'd be running all the way from the Druid Hills Road down to\nToco Hills.\n\nArogeti: You've lived in Atlanta since the early to mid-1950s through today?\n\nMaran: I came to Atlanta in 1953.\n\nArogeti: 1953.\n\nMaran: I'm here 70 years.\n\nArogeti: You've been in Atlanta just under ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/72717/file/158610#t=2760.0,2790.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/72717/file/158610/transcript/39263/annotation/94","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"70 years. In that time, can you share\nwith us what has been, in your opinion, the greatest change that you've seen\nhappen to the Atlanta community? I'm not talking about the Jewish community; I'm\ntalking about the greater Atlanta community.\n\nMaran: In those days, there was nothing but two lanes, as far as 75, 85 is\nconcerned. I've never seen such ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/72717/file/158610#t=2790.0,2820.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/72717/file/158610/transcript/39263/annotation/95","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"expansion in all my life. Another year from now,\nyou would never recognize it, the way it's going. Evidently, they're coming in\nfrom all over because it's a hub, the airport. But what's going on, it's\nunbelievable. In those days, also, there was a building called Darlington\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/72717/file/158610#t=2820.0,2850.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/72717/file/158610/transcript/39263/annotation/96","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Apartments. That's where a lot of the people who worked at the airlines stayed,\non Peachtree Road. It's a different ball game. I've never seen such a change in\nall my life, but I'm happy to see the Jewry growing at its pace.\n\nArogeti: We'll talk a little bit about the Jewish ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/72717/file/158610#t=2850.0,2880.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/72717/file/158610/transcript/39263/annotation/97","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"community in Atlanta. Tell us\na little bit about the Jewish community in Atlanta in the early and mid-1950s.\n\nMaran: Well--\n\nArogeti: When you first came here--\n\nMaran: I lived on Boulevard. Rabbi Emanuel Feldman's synagogue was the size of\nour garage. I lived with this Jewish family off Boulevard. I think he married at\nthe age ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/72717/file/158610#t=2880.0,2910.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/72717/file/158610/transcript/39263/annotation/98","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"of, if I recall, 27, whatever--\n\nArogeti: You're talking about Rabbi [Emanuel] Feldman?\n\nMaran: Rabbi Emanuel Feldman. A highly respected individual and we had a crowd\npeople working there like, Benny Rabinowitz, his ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/72717/file/158610#t=2910.0,2940.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/72717/file/158610/transcript/39263/annotation/99","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"children. George Kaplan. George\nKaplan was one of the first Jewish persons that walked around the city with the\nyarmulke. George [Kaplan] was married to Betsy [Kaplan].\n\nArogeti: Tell me about some of your peers, some of your social peers who you ran\naround with and socialized with. Who are some of the individuals and couples\nback from the Fifties and Sixties that ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/72717/file/158610#t=2940.0,2970.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/72717/file/158610/transcript/39263/annotation/100","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"you would socialize with?\n\nMaran: Most of them, I guess, were traveling men. There was Arnold Melvin,\nArnold Dickhurst. If I recall, I'm trying to save some of the boys--\n\nArogeti: Who were some of your close friends--\n\nMaran: From the synagogue, Frederick Guzman. Jessie ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/72717/file/158610#t=2970.0,3000.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/72717/file/158610/transcript/39263/annotation/101","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Avadia. I'm trying to think\nof some of them from the synagogue. I did not socialize with too many of them.\nBecause I lost my Yiddishkeit as far as Orthodoxy is concerned, even though we\nstill belong to the Beth Jacob, I still pay my $1500 dollars dues, even though\nI'm not ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/72717/file/158610#t=3000.0,3030.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/72717/file/158610/transcript/39263/annotation/102","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"there. Rabbi Ilan [D. Feldman] came to my home recently and I showed him\nmy album where my wife and I were honored. We had about 300 people that night.\nHe said, \"I marvel at this.\" He said, \"I've never seen it.\" He wouldn't leave\nthe house. He was constantly looking at that album.\n\nArogeti: It's a beautiful story. It's a beautiful story.\n\nMaran: My life is very, very--how would I ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/72717/file/158610#t=3030.0,3060.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/72717/file/158610/transcript/39263/annotation/103","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"say?--uneventful, chopped up in\ndifferent places, but it's been an exciting life and at the age of 98, I'm very\nthankful to be alive. I'm still breathing. I'm above ground. What I tell you?\n\nArogeti: Good. Before we conclude, I just want to ask a couple of more\nquestions. We talked about Jewish life in Atlanta back in the Fifties and\nSixties. You were talking a little bit ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/72717/file/158610#t=3060.0,3090.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/72717/file/158610/transcript/39263/annotation/104","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"about your synagogue, the Beth Jacob. Did\nyou have any other interaction with other Jewish organizations? You said you\nmade phone calls for Federation.\n\nMaran: Yes.\n\nArogeti: In later years, you volunteered Jewish Family and Career Services. Did\nyou have any other interaction with other synagogues or other Jewish\ninstitutions? You know that when you moved in here? What was it like among the\ndifferent Jewish communities here in Atlanta?\n\nMaran: No, the Jewish community was very ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/72717/file/158610#t=3090.0,3120.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/72717/file/158610/transcript/39263/annotation/105","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"small. Very small at the time. This was--\n\nArogeti: Do you remember what synagogues there were back then when you moved here?\n\nMaran: Oh, we joined a synagogue for one year.\n\nArogeti: The Ahavath Achim Synagogue?\n\nMaran: Right. My wife is always telling this story. We walked where we lived off\nof Druid Hill Road. We had three children and we had to walk on Shabbos.\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/72717/file/158610#t=3120.0,3150.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/72717/file/158610/transcript/39263/annotation/106","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Finally, my wife said to the Rabbi one day, \"Rabbi, it's pretty difficult for us\nto walk to shul on Shabbos morning.\" He said, \"I'll tell you a story. When I\nwalk, I walk with of my head down. I don't want people to think that I'm staring\nat them for riding in a car or something to that ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/72717/file/158610#t=3150.0,3180.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/72717/file/158610/transcript/39263/annotation/107","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"effect. But if you can't\nride--if you can't walk, you ride.\" We always went to shul every Shabbos\nmorning. Another thing, when I was president, I'd always fly home from Tampa\n[Florida], Miami, Charlotte [North Carolina], Birmingham, Nashville [Tennessee],\nbe home Friday night to be in shul Shabbos morning for 9:00. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/72717/file/158610#t=3180.0,3210.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/72717/file/158610/transcript/39263/annotation/108","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"It was a very\ndiversified lifetime. Nothing in the professional manner. Trying to make a\nliving, support my family. Thank God, we have our ups and downs, but it works\nout okay. Strive strive--to strive for long enough.\n\nArogeti: Mr. Maran, Bob Maran, thank you very much for ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/72717/file/158610#t=3210.0,3240.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/72717/file/158610/transcript/39263/annotation/109","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"sharing with us some\nstories about your life. It's been a very enriching and privileged opportunity\nto hear from you today. Your conversation will be part of the Breman Jewish\nHistory Museum and part of the Esther Herbert Taylor Oral History Project. For\nthat, we are very grateful, and we thank you very much.\n\nMaran: My pleasure. Thank you, sir.\n\nArogeti: That ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/72717/file/158610#t=3240.0,3270.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/72717/file/158610/transcript/39263/annotation/110","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"concludes our interview.\n\nAllen: You forgot about some of your friends! Norman Diamond.\n\nMaran: Oh, Norman my--\n\nAllen: Mickey Steinberg, and Jerry Siegel, those are--and Sidney Mendel.\n\nMaran: Yes.\n\nAllen: Those are all the people I remember you hung out with.\n\nArogeti: We'll go back on the record just for a little bit and just-- Your\ndaughter, Mindy [Maran], who's here with us today, shared with us the names of\nsome of your friends. Do you want to share with us any--\n\nMaran: Norman Diamond, may he rest in peace, was my closest ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/72717/file/158610#t=3270.0,3300.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/72717/file/158610/transcript/39263/annotation/111","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"friend; and Norman\n[Diamond] and Jerry Siegel. We always traveled in a group. It was Mickey Steinberg.\n\nArogeti: Mickey [Steinberg], who used to work for Portman Properties?\n\nMaran: He's still with them.\n\nArogeti: He's still with them? Okay!\n\nMaran: Mickey [Steinberg], Jerry Siegel, Dave ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/72717/file/158610#t=3300.0,3330.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/72717/file/158610/transcript/39263/annotation/112","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Camas, and myself. All four of us\ntraveled together, to socialize. In fact, when we moved from Druid Hills to\nVillage Oaks Estates, we had a going away party. It must be, 150, 200 names.\nToday, there's very, very little. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/72717/file/158610#t=3330.0,3360.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/72717/file/158610/transcript/39263/annotation/113","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"But life goes on and you make the best of it.\n\nArogeti: Mr. Maran, this has been so rewarding and enriching. I just want to\nthank you for your time.\n\nMaran: My pleasure.\n\nArogeti: All right.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/72717/file/158610#t=3360.0,3390.0"}]},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/72717/file/158610/annotation_set/801","type":"AnnotationPage","label":{"en":["Annotations [Transcript]"]},"items":[{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/72717/file/158610/annotation_set/801/annotation/114","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eAtlanta is the capital city of Georgia. Before European settlers arrived in the area, the Creek people lived in the region. The 1821 Indian Removal Act forced the Creek to leave their north Georgia home. Atlanta was founded as a railroad hub and became the center of multiple tracks. The settlement at the railroad hub was called Terminus, Thrasherville, Marthasville, and finally, Atlanta. Atlanta was an important depot for military supplies during the American Civil War. General William Tecumseh Sherman ordered that the city be destroyed during his March to the Sea and the city was slowly rebuilt after the war. In the early 20th century, Atlanta’s population tripled, and Atlanta was vital to the United States war effort in World War II because of its local industries and railroad network. After the war, Atlanta became a hub for the Civil Rights Movement. As of 2020, over 498,000 people live in the city proper, while the larger metro area has over 6,100,000 residents.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/72717/file/158610#t=0.0,30.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/72717/file/158610/annotation_set/801/annotation/115","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe William Breman Jewish Heritage Museum in Atlanta celebrates and commemorates Jewish history, culture, and art through events and museum spaces. The Breman also contains the Cuba Family Archives for Southern Jewish History, which houses thousands of manuscripts, oral histories, and photograph collections, related to southern Jewish history and the Holocaust. \u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/72717/file/158610#t=0.0,30.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/72717/file/158610/annotation_set/801/annotation/116","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe Esther and Herbert Taylor Family Foundation was founded in 1983 and is administered by the Jewish Federation of Greater Atlanta. The Foundation supports the Oral History Project at the Breman Museum in Atlanta.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/72717/file/158610#t=0.0,30.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/72717/file/158610/annotation_set/801/annotation/117","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eNew York University, abbreviated as NYU, is a private research university located in Greenwich Village in New York City. Treasury Secretary Albert Gallatin and a group of other New Yorkers established the University in 1831. From 1831 to 1896, it was known as the “University of the City of New York.” Today, it is the largest private university in the United States and its admission standards are highly selective. \u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/72717/file/158610#t=30.0,60.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/72717/file/158610/annotation_set/801/annotation/118","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eWaterbury is located on the Naugatuck River in Connecticut. As of 2020, the city had a population of 114,403 residents. In the early 20th century, Waterbury was known as the “Brass City” because it was a large center for the brassware industry. Watches and clocks were also manufactured there. The town has a rail station that connects to Grand Central Station in New York City. \u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/72717/file/158610#t=90.0,120.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/72717/file/158610/annotation_set/801/annotation/119","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eKyiv (Ukrainian spelling), or Kiev (Russian spelling) is the capital city of Ukraine. It is an important economic and cultural center in Eastern Europe. The city is one of the oldest in Eastern Europe and probably developed during the 5th century. Throughout its history, it has been controlled by Lithuania, Poland, Russia, and other countries, and was the third most important city in Russian Empire in the 19th century. In 1934, Kyiv became the capital of Soviet Ukraine.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/72717/file/158610#t=120.0,150.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/72717/file/158610/annotation_set/801/annotation/120","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eYahrzeit, in Judaism, is the anniversary of the death of a parent or other close relative. This annual observation involves lighting a memorial lamp or candle and reciting the Mourner’s Kaddish, a prayer for the dead. \u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/72717/file/158610#t=180.0,210.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/72717/file/158610/annotation_set/801/annotation/121","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eCamp Polk was a United States Army camp built in 1941 in Vernon Parish, ten miles away from Leesville, Louisiana. The camp was constructed in response to the United States’ entrance into World War II. Soldiers who were trained at this camp fought in the North African, Pacific, and European fronts. The camp also held German prisoners of war. Eventually, Camp Polk became Fort Polk and troops were stationed there off and on throughout the late 1940s to the 1960s. Today, Fort Polk is still in operation and as of 2013, more than 10,000 troops were stationed there. \u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/72717/file/158610#t=210.0,240.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/72717/file/158610/annotation_set/801/annotation/122","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eLouisville is the largest city in Kentucky and is home to the Kentucky Derby. It was established in 1778 along the Ohio River and grew quickly as a river port city. Today it has a population of over 600,000 residents. \u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/72717/file/158610#t=240.0,270.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/72717/file/158610/annotation_set/801/annotation/123","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eCompany clerks act as a secretary and keep records for their company or base. \u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/72717/file/158610#t=270.0,300.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/72717/file/158610/annotation_set/801/annotation/124","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eSupply sergeants manage equipment and supplies for a military outfit. They stock, preserve, and store necessary items and ensure that requested items are properly returned. \u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/72717/file/158610#t=300.0,330.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/72717/file/158610/annotation_set/801/annotation/125","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003ePrivate first class is a rank in the United States Army denoting officers who are ranked above a private and below a corporal. \u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/72717/file/158610#t=300.0,330.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/72717/file/158610/annotation_set/801/annotation/126","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eStaff sergeants are non-commissioned officers that rank below sergeant first class and above a sergeant in the U.S Army. They usually oversee a squad and hold headquarters positions. \u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/72717/file/158610#t=300.0,330.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/72717/file/158610/annotation_set/801/annotation/127","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eShort for “technician fifth grade.” This rank only existed from 1942-1948. It acknowledged soldiers who had technical skills but were not trained to lead in combat. T-5s included repairment, mechanics, drivers, radio operators, and others. \u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/72717/file/158610#t=390.0,420.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/72717/file/158610/annotation_set/801/annotation/128","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eAn insignia worn on an Army uniform signifying the rank of staff sergeant. \u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/72717/file/158610#t=390.0,420.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/72717/file/158610/annotation_set/801/annotation/129","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eLawrence, Massachusetts is a small city located in Essex County along the Merrimack River. Many manufactures, like shoes, electronics, and paper products, are produced in Lawrence. As of 2020, the town had just over 89,000 residents. \u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/72717/file/158610#t=420.0,450.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/72717/file/158610/annotation_set/801/annotation/130","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eAn honorable discharge is a dismissal from a soldier’s obligation to serve in the military with the understanding that the soldier had a good to excellent service rating. Soldiers usually receive an honorable discharge when they complete their tours.  \u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/72717/file/158610#t=450.0,480.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/72717/file/158610/annotation_set/801/annotation/131","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe RMS Queen Mary is a British ocean liner that sailed from 1936-1967 for the Cunard White Star Line. The ship’s maiden voyage was on May 27, 1936. During World War II, the Queen Mary served as a troopship and ferried allied soldiers throughout the war. Her nickname was the “Grey Ghost” because of her color and speed; she was one of the fastest and largest troopships during World War II, making it nearly impossible for U-Boats to sink her. Today, the Queen Mary is a hotel in Long Beach, California. \u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/72717/file/158610#t=510.0,540.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/72717/file/158610/annotation_set/801/annotation/132","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eIn the United States Army, the rank of captain is situated between first lieutenant and major. They are a battalion, squadron, or brigade staff officer and can command a company or battery, or troop. \u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/72717/file/158610#t=510.0,540.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/72717/file/158610/annotation_set/801/annotation/133","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eScabies is an itchy condition caused by a mite that burrows in the skin. Scabies is very contagious.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/72717/file/158610#t=570.0,600.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/72717/file/158610/annotation_set/801/annotation/134","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eLe Havre is a city in the Normandy region of France. The city was founded in 1517 and became an important hub of international trade. The city was largely destroyed during World War II but was rebuilt between 1945-1964. As of 2019, over 160,000 residents live in the city.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/72717/file/158610#t=600.0,630.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/72717/file/158610/annotation_set/801/annotation/135","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe Battle of Normandy, codenamed Operation Overlord, was the first battle in the Allied invasion of France. The goal of this invasion was to take France back from German control. The battle took place in Normandy, a northern region of France, from June 6 to August 30, 1944. During the first day of the battle, called D-Day, Allied forces stormed the beaches of Normandy. \u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/72717/file/158610#t=600.0,630.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/72717/file/158610/annotation_set/801/annotation/136","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eCourtney Hodges was a general in the United States Army in the early 20th century. He enlisted in 1906 and served in World War I and World War II. He rose from the rank of private to general throughout the Second World War. He led the X Corps, Third Army, and First Army. \u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/72717/file/158610#t=630.0,660.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/72717/file/158610/annotation_set/801/annotation/137","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eLiege [French: Liège] is an important Belgian cultural and economic center, located along the Meuse River. The first settlements in the region date back to Ancient Roman times. Throughout the centuries, the city’s strategic position has made it a frequent target for attack. During World War II, Nazi forces took the city in 1940. Fortunately, however, the city’s population worked quickly to hide local Jewish people. The British Second Army freed Liège in 1944. As of 2018, more than 190,000 people live in the city. \u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/72717/file/158610#t=660.0,690.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/72717/file/158610/annotation_set/801/annotation/138","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe Battle of the Bulge was the last major battle during the invasion of Germany and was one of the most important battles of World War II. It was also the bloodiest battle that the United States was involved in during the war and was the third-deadliest battle in United States history. The Germans sought to encircle Allied forces and force the Allies to sue for peace. While the Germans were initially successful, they exhausted their resources and German lines eventually collapsed, securing an Allied victory. \u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/72717/file/158610#t=660.0,690.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/72717/file/158610/annotation_set/801/annotation/139","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eVerviers is a city in the Liege [French: Liège] Province in Belgium. The earliest known human settlement in the area has been traced back to Roman times. The region was heavily forested in ancient times and was a hunting ground for Merovingian kings. The Abbey of Stavelot’s monks converted the people of the region to Christianity. The textile industry began in Verviers in the 1400s, but the industry dominated the region a century later. In the late 18th century, France annexed Liege, causing economic devastation in the region. However, later in the 19th century, the Industrial Revolution transformed the town to the “Wool Capital of the World.” The city’s wool production has since stagnated due to industrial outsourcing, but their economy has slowly recovered since the 1990s. As of 2018, over 55,000 people live in the city.  \u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/72717/file/158610#t=690.0,720.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/72717/file/158610/annotation_set/801/annotation/140","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eBuchenwald was a concentration camp established by the Nazis in 1937 near Weimar, Germany. It was one of the largest concentration camps within German border. Buchenwald also had 88 satellite camps throughout Germany. In these camps, Nazis held Jewish people, Jehovah’s Witnesses, Roma, military deserters, political prisoners, prisoners-of-war, repeat offenders, and those who did not conform to social norms and subjected them to forced labor. Over 250,000 individuals were imprisoned at Buchenwald and the SS murdered an estimated 56,000 men (around 11,000 Jewish men) at the camp. There was an underground resistance group within the camp that helped prevent SS orders from being carried out. Prisoners stormed the camp’s watchtowers on April 11, 1945 and were rescued by the Third Army’s 6th Armored Division later that day. \u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/72717/file/158610#t=690.0,720.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/72717/file/158610/annotation_set/801/annotation/141","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eGeorge Smith Patton, nicknamed “Old Blood and Guts,” was a general in the United States Army known for his fiery personality. He entered West Point when he was 17 and had a lifelong military career. During World War I, he established the American Expeditionary Forces Light Tank School and oversaw the United States 1st Provisional Tank Brigade. During World War II, he served on the Western Front, in North Africa, and Italy, commanding the 2nd Armored Brigade in the Third Army, 2nd Armored Division, I Armored Corps, the II Corps, and the Third Army.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/72717/file/158610#t=690.0,720.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/72717/file/158610/annotation_set/801/annotation/142","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eAachen is the westernmost city in Germany and borders the Netherlands and Belgium. It began as a Roman settlement and was once the residence of Charlemagne. In the 19th century, the city passed hands between the French and Germans. Today, Aachen is the home of one of Germany’s leading technology universities, the RWTH Aachen. \u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/72717/file/158610#t=690.0,720.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/72717/file/158610/annotation_set/801/annotation/143","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe 566th Quartermaster Railhead was present for 26 campaigns throughout Germany in 1945 and coordinated supplies for troops. \u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/72717/file/158610#t=690.0,720.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/72717/file/158610/annotation_set/801/annotation/144","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe Rhine River is one of the most important rivers in Europe. It begins in the southeastern Swiss Alps and ends at the North Sea. The river comprises most of the border between France and Germany. After World War I, the Treaty of Versailles dictated that the Rhineland belonged to the Allies, and it became a demilitarized zone that the German Army could not enter. German forces retook the area in 1936, and the Rhine was an obstacle to the invasion of Germany. Multiple bridges, like the one at Arnhem, those at Nijmegen, and the Ludendorff Bridge at Reagent, were the center of multiple conflicts during the war.  \u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/72717/file/158610#t=720.0,750.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/72717/file/158610/annotation_set/801/annotation/145","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eNuremberg is the second-largest city in Bavaria, second only to the Bavarian capital of Munich. The first documents referencing Nuremberg date back to the 11th century. In the 1300s, it was the city where the kings of Germany had to hold their first Imperial Diet. Because of Nuremberg’s significance to the Holy Roman Empire, the Nazis held many large rallies there. At the rally in 1935, Hitler called the Reichstag to pass the Nuremberg Laws, which eliminated German citizenship for Jewish people and other non-Aryan peoples. The city was also the site of tank, submarine, and aircraft production. The Royal and United States Air Forces bombed much of the medieval city center and Nuremberg was the site of a fierce battle fought between the Nazi forces and the United States 3rd, 42nd, and 45th Infantry Divisions. The city was rebuilt after the war. Nuremberg was also the site of the Nuremberg Trials, held in 1945 and 1946, where an international tribunal tried Nazis for war crimes and crimes against humanity. As of 2019, Nuremberg is home to many universities and has a population of over 515,000 residents. \u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/72717/file/158610#t=750.0,780.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/72717/file/158610/annotation_set/801/annotation/146","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eRegensburg, Germany, is a city in Bavaria located at the intersection of the Danube, Regen, and Naab rivers. It is the fourth-largest city in Bavaria, following Munich, Nuremberg, and Augsburg. The first settlements in the Regensburg area date back to the Stone Age. Throughout the centuries, many international meetings were held in the city. In the 1930s, Nazis persecuted the local Jewish population. The Flossenburg [German: Flossenbürg] concentration camp was located within the city and held a total of 460 prisoners. Regensburg was also the cite of important military production and was bombed by the Allies in 1943 and 1945. The city’s recovery went slowly until the 1960s. As of 2020, Regensburg is one of the most popular tourist locations in Germany. \u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/72717/file/158610#t=780.0,810.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/72717/file/158610/annotation_set/801/annotation/147","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe Pacific theater of World War II was a major theater in the war between the Allies and Japan. The Japanese primarily fought against United States forces in this theater.  \u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/72717/file/158610#t=810.0,840.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/72717/file/158610/annotation_set/801/annotation/148","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eNorthern German states include Bremen, Schleswig-Holstein, Lower Saxony, Hamburg, and Mecklenburg-Vorpommern. Because the borders of Northern Germany are not defined, some also include Berlin, Brandenburg, North Rhine-Westphalia, and Saxony-Anhalt within the region. Northern Germany is home to the North German Plain and the Baltic Uplands. \u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/72717/file/158610#t=840.0,870.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/72717/file/158610/annotation_set/801/annotation/149","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eSouthern Germany includes the regions of Bavaria and Baden-Wurttemberg [German: Baden-Württemberg]. The Alps, Black Forest, and the Rhine and Danube Rivers are major landmarks in Southern Germany. \u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/72717/file/158610#t=840.0,870.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/72717/file/158610/annotation_set/801/annotation/150","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe Rizal Memorial Stadium is the main stadium of the Rizal Memorial Sports Complex in Manila. The 1954 Asian Games and three Southeast Asian Games were held there. \u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/72717/file/158610#t=900.0,930.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/72717/file/158610/annotation_set/801/annotation/151","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eManila is the capital of the Philippines and is the country’s second largest city. The earliest evidence of human inhabitation in the region dates back to 3000 BCE. Manila was a frequent trade partner with China during the Song and Yuan Dynasties. From the 16th century until the 19th century, the Philippines, including Manila, were under the control of the Spanish. Spain ceded Manila to the United States in the 1898 Battle of Manila. During World War II, the Japanese invaded the Philippines and the United States pulled out all troops in 1941. In February and March 1845, the Battle of Manila was fought, resulting in an Allied victory. As a result, over 100,000 civilians were killed; Manila was the second-most destroyed city in World War II. As of 2020, more than 14 million people live in the Manila Metro Area. \u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/72717/file/158610#t=900.0,930.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/72717/file/158610/annotation_set/801/annotation/152","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eRosh Hashanah is the Jewish New Year and is the first Jewish High Holy Day of the year. It is a two-day celebration that notes the traditional anniversary of the creation of Adam and Eve. Customs include blowing the shofar, a hollowed-out ram’s horn, attending synagogue, and enjoying holiday meals. \u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/72717/file/158610#t=900.0,930.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/72717/file/158610/annotation_set/801/annotation/153","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eWakayama is the capital city of the Wakayama Prefecture in the region of Kansai in Japan. The ancient Kii Province existed where the modern city of Wakayama is today. Wakayama was bombed in 1945 during World War II, resulting in 2768 casualties. In 2021, over 350,000 people lived in the city. \u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/72717/file/158610#t=930.0,960.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/72717/file/158610/annotation_set/801/annotation/154","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eFirst lieutenant is a rank in the United States Army that is above the rank of second lieutenant and below captain. First lieutenants differ from second lieutenants in their experience and pay grade. First lieutenants can lead a specialty platoon or command a company-sized platoon. \u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/72717/file/158610#t=990.0,1020.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/72717/file/158610/annotation_set/801/annotation/155","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eFirst sergeant is a United States Army rank. First sergeants usually serve as a senior enlisted advisor of a company, battery, or troop. The rank of first sergeant has existed in the United States Army since 1781. First sergeants can be identified by their diamond-shaped insignia.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/72717/file/158610#t=1020.0,1050.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/72717/file/158610/annotation_set/801/annotation/156","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eGreenwich Village is a Lower Manhattan neighborhood in New York City. Native Americans lived in the region before Dutch and freed Africans settled there in the 1630s and named their settlement Noortwyck. After the English captured the settlement in of New Netherland in 1664, the area grew as an independent community north of New York City. The earliest known reference to the area’s name being “Greenwich” comes from a 1696 document. New York State’s first penitentiary was established in the neighborhood in 1797. In the early and mid-20th century, Greenwich Village became known for its avant-garde and bohemian culture. It had also become a center for activist movements, like anti-war activism during Vietnam and gay rights activism. As of 2020, more than 22,000 individuals live in the neighborhood. \u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/72717/file/158610#t=1110.0,1140.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/72717/file/158610/annotation_set/801/annotation/157","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eNew York City is the most populated city in the United States with over 8,800,000 residents as of 2020. It is a global cultural, economic, education, political, and tourism center. The city is comprised of five boroughs and sits on Hudson Bay, making it a major port city. The Algonquian peoples lived in lived in the region long before the first European settler, Giovanni de Verrazzano, arrived in 1524. The first European settlement in the area was a Dutch fur trading outpost, established in 1624. Shortly after, a Dutch fort was built, and New Amsterdam was established. New Amsterdam was surrendered to the English in 1664 and the settlement was named “New York.” In the early 1700s, the city quickly grew as an important port. During the 19th century, New York City’s population boomed, growing from 60,000 residents to 3.43 million. The city surpassed 10 million residents in the 1930s, making it the first megacity in the world. After World War II, New York became the leading city in the world. \u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/72717/file/158610#t=1110.0,1140.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/72717/file/158610/annotation_set/801/annotation/158","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003ePalestine is a state in Western Asia that is governed by the Palestine Liberation Organization. The PLO claims the Gaza Strip and West Bank. These lands have been occupied by Israel since 1867 and the West Bank is split between Palestinian enclaves and Israeli settlements. Gaza is currently governed by Hamas. Palestine has over 5 million people living within its borders as of 2020. \u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/72717/file/158610#t=1170.0,1200.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/72717/file/158610/annotation_set/801/annotation/159","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eIsrael is a country in Western Asia located on the Mediterranean Sea and Red Sea. It borders Lebanon, Syria, Egypt, and Palestine. While Tel Aviv is the largest economic center of the country, Jerusalem is its capital. The first evidence of human habitation in the region dates back to 1.5 million years ago. Canaanites inhabited the area was inhabited since the Bronze Age and the Israelites’ ancestors belonged to an ancient Semitic-speaking people in the region. Israelite culture spread to various villages in the area. Jerusalem was occupied by many countries and empires throughout its history but became an independent nation in 1948. The independence of Israel from Britain led to the Arab-Israeli War, which lasted from 1948-1949. Today, there is still an ongoing conflict between Israel and Palestine. As of 2022, it is estimated that over 9,000,000 people live in the country. \u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/72717/file/158610#t=1170.0,1200.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/72717/file/158610/annotation_set/801/annotation/160","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eManhattan is the most densely populated borough of New York City. It is considered to be the economic and cultural capital of the world. Manhattan is a part of the Lenapehoking territory that was home to the Munsee Lenape and Wappinger tribes. Giovanni de Verrazzano arrived in the region in 1524 and the Dutch established Fort Amsterdam in 1625. The English gained control of the region in 1626. During the American Revolution, Manhattan was at the site of many battles between George Washington’s and Sir William Howe’s armies. In the 19th century, Manhattan was the first destination for many immigrants coming to the United States for the first time and became home to the Statue of Liberty. Some of the world’s tallest skyscrapers were built in Manhattan in the 1930s. In the 1950s, the United Nations moved its international headquarters to Manhattan. In 2020, more than 1,600,000 residents lived in the neighborhood. \u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/72717/file/158610#t=1170.0,1200.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/72717/file/158610/annotation_set/801/annotation/161","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eDuring World War II, Jewish insurgents fought against the British in what was then Mandatory Palestine. Jewish National Council defeated the British in May of 1948. The Palestine War followed and was fought between Yishuv and Israel against the Arab Higher Committee and Arab League. The war had two phases: the 1947-1949 civil war in Mandatory Palestine and the 1948 Arab-Israeli war. The first deaths occurred in 1947 when two buses carrying Jews were attacked. The first phase began a day after the United Nations voted to split Palestine into Jewish and Arab sovereign states. The second phase began in May of 1848, after Israel declared itself to be a sovereign state and the British Mandate of Palestine expired. The Arab countries surrounding Israel, including Syria, Iraq, Egypt, and Transjordan, attacked Israeli forces in former Mandatory Palestine. Israel lost over 6,000 citizens in the war, including around 2,000 Holocaust survivors. Estimates for Arab casualties include 7,000 dead. Israeli forces won the war, resulting in the expulsion of 750,000 Arabs from their homes. In 1949, Israel signed individual armistices with Egypt, Lebanon, Transjordan, and Syria which stated that Israel held 78% of what was Mandatory Palestine. UN peacekeepers helped monitor these ceasefires. \u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/72717/file/158610#t=1170.0,1200.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/72717/file/158610/annotation_set/801/annotation/162","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eCanal Street is a major street in Manhattan, New York City, that traverses east to west for over a mile. It runs through Chinatown, SoHo, Little Italy, and Tribeca. It is a commercial district with many vendors.  \u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/72717/file/158610#t=1170.0,1200.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/72717/file/158610/annotation_set/801/annotation/163","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe Arab people are an ethnic group that live in Western Asia, Africa, and some Indian Ocean islands. The term means both those who are ethnically Arabian and for whom Arabic is their mother tongue. The first mention of the Arabian people comes from the 9th century BCE. \u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/72717/file/158610#t=1200.0,1230.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/72717/file/158610/annotation_set/801/annotation/164","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eBirmingham is the third-largest city in Alabama. In 1871, the Elyton Land Company founded the town and sold lots near the planned site of the intersection between various railroads. This railroad crossing became known for its mineral deposits, which contained the three raw materials for steel making. After 1873, the town developed exponentially and received the nickname “The Magic City.” In the 1950s and 1960s, Birmingham became a center of the Civil Rights Movement. As of 2021, Birmingham has over 197,000 residents. \u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/72717/file/158610#t=1230.0,1260.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/72717/file/158610/annotation_set/801/annotation/165","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eSeattle is a large west coast city in the state of Washington. Native Americans have lived in the area around Seattle for at least 4,000 years. The first permanent white settlement was led by Luther Collins in 1851; the first pioneers in the area named it “New York Alki.” The first evidence of the name “Seattle” dates back to 1853. Throughout the 19th century, Seattle was a timber town and a main port and supply stop for gold miners in Alaska. In the mid and late 20th century, it was the center for Boeing and software development. In 2020, more than 4 million people lived in the city, and it is one of the United States’ fastest-growing major cities. \u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/72717/file/158610#t=1230.0,1260.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/72717/file/158610/annotation_set/801/annotation/166","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eLansing is the sixth-largest city in Michigan and is the state’s capital. The first European explorers to the area was a British fur trader, who arrived in 1790. The first inhabitants to the town’s area were victims of a scheme and arrived in the 1830s to find that the town they had bought plots in did not really exist. Lansing was made the capital in 1847 by politicians who acted out of spite. Michiganders desired to move their capital further inland and away from British-occupied Canada. Many cities vied to become the capital and the politicians chose the tiny township of Lansing out of frustration. The settlement quickly grew over the remainder of the 19th century. At the turn of the century, Lansing became a large center for the automobile industry. As of 2020, more than 540,000 people live in the city.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/72717/file/158610#t=1230.0,1260.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/72717/file/158610/annotation_set/801/annotation/167","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eChicago is the most populated Illinois city and the third-largest city in the United States. The Potawatomi lived in the area during the 18th century. The first permanent non-indigenous settler was Jean Baptiste Point du Sable, a man of African descent. He is considered to be ‘the Founder of Chicago.” In 1816, the Potawatomi, Ojibwe, and Ottawa tribes ceded the land to the United States. In 1833, the town of Chicago was formally instituted, and it had a population of around 200 people. In the 19th and 20th Centuries, it became a major center for the distribution of agricultural and other goods. During World War II, Chicago produced more steel than the entire United Kingdom and was the site of the first controlled nuclear reaction. As of 2020, more than 2,700,000 people live in Chicago and it is an international economic and cultural hub.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/72717/file/158610#t=1230.0,1260.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/72717/file/158610/annotation_set/801/annotation/168","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003e“Who’s Who” are biographical dictionaries that give information about important figures in particular fields or who hold certain official positions. These dictionaries were updated regularly and popular from the 19th century to the mid-20th century, before the growth of the internet. \u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/72717/file/158610#t=1320.0,1350.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/72717/file/158610/annotation_set/801/annotation/169","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eOrthodox Judaism is a traditional branch of Judaism that strictly follows the written Torah and the oral law concerning prayer, dress, food, sex, family relations, social behavior, the Sabbath day, holidays, and more.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/72717/file/158610#t=1350.0,1380.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/72717/file/158610/annotation_set/801/annotation/170","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eBiplanes are aircrafts with two fixed wings, one stacked on top of the other. The plane that the Wright Brothers successfully flew to Kitty Hawk, North Carolina, was a biplane; biplanes were a popular style for early aircraft. \u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/72717/file/158610#t=1380.0,1410.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/72717/file/158610/annotation_set/801/annotation/171","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003ePeachtree Street is a major road in Atlanta. It cuts through multiple areas, from Downtown to the northeast part of the city.   \u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/72717/file/158610#t=1470.0,1500.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/72717/file/158610/annotation_set/801/annotation/172","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eMexico City is the capital of Mexico and the country’s largest city. The city was founded by the Aztecs in the 1320s as Tenochtitlan, making it the oldest capital city in the Americas. In 1521, Spanish explorer Hernan Cortes [Spanish: Hernán Cortés] laid siege to the city for three months and then took it. They renamed the city “Mexico” because the word was easier to pronounce. Mexico gained independence from Spain in 1821 after over a decade of war. Mexico City became the capital of the new government. The city was the site of a battle in 1847 during the Mexican American War. During the late 19th and early 20th Centuries, the city became more modernized. It also escaped much of the Mexican revolution’s violence. In the mid-20th century, Mexico City grew exponentially and became a center of modernist architecture. As of 2020, there were over 9 million people in the city proper and over 21 million people in the greater metro area, making it the most populous city in North America. \u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/72717/file/158610#t=1500.0,1530.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/72717/file/158610/annotation_set/801/annotation/173","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eSt. Louis is the second-largest city in the state of Missouri. Before the area was settled by Europeans, it was the center of the Mississippian culture of Native Americans surrounding the Mississippi River. At the turn of the 18th century, French migrants settled in the area. After the Seven Years’ War, French settlers officially founded a city that would become St. Louis. The fur trade was popular in the region. St. Louis was the site of a battle during the American Revolution. St. Louis was a part of the Louisiana Purchase. The Louis and Clark Expedition departed from St. Louis and the two explorers lived in the city after it ended. During the American Civil War, Missouri was split between supporters of the Union and Confederacy. While it was a slave state, it remained within the Union. In the early 20th century, St. Louis became a center for the automobile industry. In 1965, the iconic St. Louis arch was completed. As of 2020, the city proper had over 300,000 residents.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/72717/file/158610#t=1530.0,1560.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/72717/file/158610/annotation_set/801/annotation/174","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eLaredo is a Texas city that sits on the Rio Grande across from Nuevo Laredo, Mexico. In 1755, the town was founded as a Spanish settlement. In 1840, Laredo was made the capital of the Republic of the Rio Grande, which declared itself as independent in opposition to Santa Anna. The Texas Rangers occupied the town during the Mexican-American War. While the city was ceded to the United States after the war, many residents petitioned to remain with Mexico. The petition was denied, so some residents crossed the river to found Nuevo Laredo. In 1954, the city was flooded by the Rio Grande, causing much devastation. The city is the largest United States inland port for trade with Mexico and there are several bridges that cross the Rio Grande. As of 2020, over 230,000 people live within the city and 95% of the population is Hispanic. \u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/72717/file/158610#t=1560.0,1590.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/72717/file/158610/annotation_set/801/annotation/175","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eRabbi Ilan D. Feldman has been the senior rabbi of Beth Jacob Synagogue in Atlanta since 1991, although he began serving the congregation in 1980. He took over as senior rabbi when his father retired. He was ordained at Ner Israel Rabbinical College and has a Counseling Psychology degree from Loyola University. He is also a founder of the Torah Day School in Atlanta and is the school’s rabbinic advisor. \u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/72717/file/158610#t=1680.0,1710.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/72717/file/158610/annotation_set/801/annotation/176","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eBeth Jacob is an Orthodox Jewish Congregation located on LaVista Rd. in Atlanta, Georgia. It is the largest Orthodox congregation in Atlanta. The synagogue’s first service was held in 1942 but was officially founded in 1943 by Jews who wanted to attend a more Orthodox synagogue. Its first rabbi was Yosef Saffra and Emanuel Feldman joined as a rabbi in 1952. In the 1960s, membership included 190 families. By 1994, more than 560 families were present. After Rabbi Feldman retired in 1991, his son, Ilan D. Feldman, took over and is currently the rabbi of the Congregation. \u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/72717/file/158610#t=1680.0,1710.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/72717/file/158610/annotation_set/801/annotation/177","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eBogota [Spanish: Bogotá] is the capital of Columbia. The area that is now Bogota was populated by indigenous people, like the Muisca, before European settlement. In 1536, Gonzalo Jimenez de Quesada, [Spanish: Gonzalo Jiménez de Quesada], led an expedition into what is now Columbia, looking for El Dorado. Only 162 of the 800 men of the expedition survived. The official founding of Quesada’s settlement took place in 1539. The Spanish named the town Santafe [Spanish: Santafé], and it became the capital of New Grenada. The population of the town began to grow exponentially in the 17th and 18th Centuries. In 1819, Simon Bolivar [Spanish: Simón Bolívar] began a movement to liberate New Grenada from Spain. Bolivar and his army fought their way to Santafe and, when he arrived, he named the city Bogota in honor of the Muisca people. Bogota remained as the capital of the region. At the turn of the century, conservative and liberal forces fought in a civil war over the nature of Columbia’s government. The conservatives won the war and Columbia separated from Panama. Afterward, Bogota underwent urbanization and industry in the region increased. Today, over 8,000,000 residents live in the city proper. \u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/72717/file/158610#t=1710.0,1740.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/72717/file/158610/annotation_set/801/annotation/178","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe Saxony Hotel, now known as the Faena Hotel Miami Beach, is a historic hotel resort on Miami Beach in Florida. The hotel was nicknamed after its nightclub, “The Ivory Tower.”  Construction on the hotel finished in 1948, making it one of the first luxury resorts on the beach. The Saxony began a trend of luxury resort hotels in the area. The Saxony was the most lavish hotel at the time, and it was the first air-conditioned hotel on Miami Beach. A room cost around $21,000 to build. The hotel included a private beach, tennis courts, an Olympic-sized swimming pool, and large decks. Roy F. France designed the hotel and George D. Sax was its first owner. Sax was responsible for making transformations to the banking industry, including instant loans and drive-through banking. \u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/72717/file/158610#t=1740.0,1770.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/72717/file/158610/annotation_set/801/annotation/179","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe Mayo Clinic is a nonprofit American medical organization that conducts medical research and provides education and healthcare. William Worrall Mayo began a private practice in 1864 in Minnesota and passed it on to his sons, Will and Charlie Mayo. Mother Alfred Moses, the founder of the Sisters of Saint Francis of Rochester, Minnesota, proposed that the order would help fund a hospital in Rochester, which was erected in 1889. The hospital was called Saint Marys Hospital. In the 1910s, the hospital transitioned to a nonprofit organization focused on medical care, research, and education. In the 1980s, the Mayo Clinic began using the internet to connect with members of the public. Today, the Clinic is considered to be one of the best places to work and one of the best hospitals in America. As of 2022, it employs over 4,500 and over 58,000 administrators and health staff; it also has headquarters in Rochester, MN; Phoenix, AZ; Jacksonville, FL; and London, England. \u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/72717/file/158610#t=1770.0,1800.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/72717/file/158610/annotation_set/801/annotation/180","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eDetroit is the largest city in Michigan and on the U.S-Canada border. The first evidence of human habitation in the region dates to over 11,000 years ago. Odawa, Huron, Potawatomi, and Iroquois peoples lived in the region during the 17th century when the first Europeans arrived. French traders and missionaries were the first Europeans who contacted the indigenous peoples in this region. In 1701, French settlers built a fort along the Detroit River and named the fort after this body of water. The population grew to 2,144 in 1778 and the area relied upon the fur trade. In 1796, England gave Detroit and surrounding areas to the United States in the Jay Treaty. During the early 19th century, Detroit was the capital of Michigan Territory and state. Before the Civil War, Detroit was a vital stop along the Underground Railroad for escaped slaves fleeing to Canada. In the late 19th century, Henry Ford built his first automobile in Detroit, and he founded Ford Motor Company in Detroit in 1903. The Detroit River became a vital shipping avenue during the 20th century. As of 2020, 639,111 people lived in the city, while 4.3 million people live in the larger metro area. \u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/72717/file/158610#t=2100.0,2130.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/72717/file/158610/annotation_set/801/annotation/181","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eA. Stein \u0026amp; Co. was a manufacturer of suspenders, rubber sundries, garters, and other elastic products that was founded in 1887. The company originally produced men’s garters but expanded to making products for women and children. It became a corporation in 1909. The company established a Canadian branch in 1919. In the 1920s, the company had a 232,000 sq. ft. factory and in 1928, they employed 1,525 people. \u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/72717/file/158610#t=2100.0,2130.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/72717/file/158610/annotation_set/801/annotation/182","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eUniversity Avenue is a street in central Atlanta, Georgia that cuts through the Adair Park, Pittsburgh, Peoplestown neighborhoods. \u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/72717/file/158610#t=2160.0,2190.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/72717/file/158610/annotation_set/801/annotation/183","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe Catskill Mountains, often referred to as the “Catskills,” are a large area in the southeastern portion of the state of New York. The Catskills and its many large resorts are well known in American culture as a vacation destination in the mid-twentieth century. \u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/72717/file/158610#t=2190.0,2220.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/72717/file/158610/annotation_set/801/annotation/184","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eMiami is a large coastal city in Florida. The Tequesta people inhabited the area around Miami for 2,000 years before Europeans arrived. In 1566, Florida was claimed for Spain and a mission was built a year later. Spain and Britain occupied Florida before it was given to the United States in 1821. Miami was the only major city in the United States founded by a woman. Julia Tuttle originally owned the land that the city would be built upon. African American and Bahaman immigrants helped build Miami’s early infrastructure and were a vital part of its community in the early 20th century. Jim Crow laws were embedded into daily life in Miami during this period. Miami’s population exploded when more northerners moved to the region during the Florida land boom. Development stalled after the boom and during the Great Depression. Yet, during World War II, Miami became a base for United States defenses against German U-boats and the population boomed. The city was named “The Magic City” for its growth and urbanization. After the Cuban Revolution, many Cubans fled to Miami. In the late 20th century, Miami dealt with an increase in crime, drug trafficking, and the destruction that Hurricane Andrew caused. As of 2020, over 440,000 residents live in the city proper, and 6 million people live in the Miami metro area.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/72717/file/158610#t=2190.0,2220.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/72717/file/158610/annotation_set/801/annotation/185","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe Nautilus Hotel was built on Miami Beach in the 1920s and opened in 1926. Carl Fisher, an entrepreneur in real estate development, the building of highways, and the auto industry, owned the hotel. The architects constructed the building in an x-shape so that every hotel room would have a nice view. Two private islands were available to guests as well. The hotel became known for its tea dances. During World War II, it became a military hospital and later Mount Sinai Medical Center bought the hotel but later demolished it in 1968 to make room for Mount Sinai Hospital, which still exists today.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/72717/file/158610#t=2250.0,2280.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/72717/file/158610/annotation_set/801/annotation/186","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe Jewish Federation of Greater Atlanta is a non-profit organization that is dedicated to serving the Jewish community in Atlanta. The Federation is also inclusive and welcomes LGBTQ+ people, interfaith individuals, and people of all races and abilities. They help support Jewish schools, synagogues, and charities. They also sponsor their own philanthropic efforts, which support Jews in need in America, Israel, and around the world. This organization is a part of a larger Jewish Federation system. The first Jewish federation in America was created by Jewish people in Boston in 1895. Today, there are almost 200 federations in the United States. The Jewish Federation of Greater Atlanta was established as the Federation of Jewish Charities in 1905. \u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/72717/file/158610#t=2490.0,2520.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/72717/file/158610/annotation_set/801/annotation/187","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eJewish Family and Career Services of Atlanta was founded in 1891 to help Jewish families in the Atlanta area. They provide services such as dentistry, mental health, career counseling, support for those with intellectual and developmental disabilities, and support for older individuals. Their support services provide financial, spiritual, and food assistance for those in need. \u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/72717/file/158610#t=2550.0,2580.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/72717/file/158610/annotation_set/801/annotation/188","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eAtlanta Scholars Kollel (ASK) is a group of rabbis and families throughout Georgia. The organization was founded in 1987 by Rabbi Menachem Deutsch, Rabbi Ilan D. Feldman of Beth Jacob Synagogue, and Rabbi Yaakov Weinberg of Ner Yisrael Rabbinical College. The group was the first of its kind and its mission is to promote Jewish identity by teaching about Judaism. Retirees, students, and professionals are the group’s target audience. Today, the organization is located on LaVista Road in Atlanta. \u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/72717/file/158610#t=2640.0,2670.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/72717/file/158610/annotation_set/801/annotation/189","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eChabad Intown is an Orthodox synagogue in Atlanta, Georgia founded in 1997 by Rabbi Eliyahu Schusterman. As of 2022, Rabbi Schusterman still leads the congregation. Chabad-Lubavitch is the name of a sect of Hasidic Jews. It is one of the largest groups of Hasidic Jews in the world. Many of the Lubavitch Hasidim live in the United States or Israel. The Lubavitch world headquarters is in Crown Heights, a neighborhood in Brooklyn, New York. The movement is best known for its outreach activities, introducing secular Jews to more stringent religious observance.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/72717/file/158610#t=2640.0,2670.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/72717/file/158610/annotation_set/801/annotation/190","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eRabbi Emanuel Feldman is Rabbi Emeritus of the Beth Jacob Synagogue in Atlanta. He was Rabbi there from 1952 until 1991. He earned his B.S. and M.S. degrees from Johns Hopkins University and a Ph.D. from Emory University. He was an Adjunct Professor of Jewish Law at Emory University and a Senior Lecturer at Bar Ilan University. He also served as the Vice President of the Rabbinical Council of America and Beis Din. Today, he lives both in Israel and the United States.  \u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/72717/file/158610#t=2670.0,2700.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/72717/file/158610/annotation_set/801/annotation/191","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eToco Hills, sometimes called Briarcliff or North Druid Hills, is an unincorporated community within Metro Atlanta. One of the earliest European settlers to the area was Chapman Powell, who had a “Medicine House.” In the 19th century, Major Washington Jackson Houston owned land and a water mill in the area. He converted the mill to a hydroelectric plant at the turn of the century. After World War II, many Jewish families moved into the area from the Washington-Rawson neighborhood, which was demolished in the 1960s to make room for the Atlanta-Fulton County Stadium. In 1962, Congregation Beth Jacob moved to LaVista Rd. The area became urbanized in the 1960s and 1970s. \u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/72717/file/158610#t=2730.0,2760.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/72717/file/158610/annotation_set/801/annotation/192","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eNorth Druid Hills Road is a major street in Atlanta. It starts under Buford Highway and ends past the Stone Mountain Freeway. The street cuts through multiple areas, including Briarcliff Heights, Merry Hills, the unincorporated community of North Druid Hills/Toco Hills, Leafmore-Creek Park Hill, Medlock Park, and Greater Valley Brook. \u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/72717/file/158610#t=2760.0,2790.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/72717/file/158610/annotation_set/801/annotation/193","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eInterstate 85 (I-85) is a major highway that begins in Virginia and ends in Alabama. It cuts through five states and multiple large cities, including Atlanta. \u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/72717/file/158610#t=2790.0,2820.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/72717/file/158610/annotation_set/801/annotation/194","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eInterstate 75 (I-75) is a major highway that begins in northern Michigan and ends in south Florida. It passes through six states and multiple major cities, including Atlanta. \u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/72717/file/158610#t=2790.0,2820.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/72717/file/158610/annotation_set/801/annotation/195","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe Darlington was a large apartment complex along Peachtree Road, across from the Piedmont Atlanta Hospital. It was built in 1951 for $800,000 and was the first high-rise in Atlanta built after World War II. It was known for its “Atlanta Population Now” sign that updated the city’s growing size. It became a place known for its affordable housing. In 2018, hundreds of Darlington residents were displaced from their homes while the complex underwent renovations. The apartment complex was transformed into a luxury apartment complex with 600 one-bedroom apartments called “The Lofts at Twenty25.”  \u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/72717/file/158610#t=2820.0,2850.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/72717/file/158610/annotation_set/801/annotation/196","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe Hartsfield-Jackson Atlanta International Airport (ATL) is a large international airport that serves the Atlanta Metro Area. The airport is seven miles south of Downtown Atlanta. It has been the world’s busiest airport (measured by passenger traffic) since 1998 and is Delta Airlines’ headquarters. The airport is so large that it has seven separate concourse buildings that are connected by a subway. In 2019, the airport registered over 110,000,000 passengers. \u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/72717/file/158610#t=2820.0,2850.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/72717/file/158610/annotation_set/801/annotation/197","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eBoulevard is a street in Atlanta that runs parallel to the town’s Downtown Connector. It passes through the Old Fourth Ward, Grant Park, Cabbagetown, Chosewood Park, Boulevard Heights, and Benteen Park. \u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/72717/file/158610#t=2880.0,2910.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/72717/file/158610/annotation_set/801/annotation/198","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe Ahavath Achim Synagogue is a Jewish synagogue that was established in 1882 in Atlanta, GA. Eastern European immigrants founded the institution and built the first synagogue themselves in 1900 on Gilmer Street. The congregation grew to several hundred members in the 1920s, so they moved services to Washington Street (which would become Turner Field). Now the synagogue sits on Peachtree Battle Avenue and has more than 1,200 families attending. \u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/72717/file/158610#t=3120.0,3150.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/72717/file/158610/annotation_set/801/annotation/199","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eA Jewish synagogue. \u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/72717/file/158610#t=3150.0,3180.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/72717/file/158610/annotation_set/801/annotation/200","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eNashville is Tennessee’s capital city and its largest. In the 17th century, French and French-Canadian traders came to the region to trade. In 1799, explorers built Fort Nashborough, named after Francis Nash, a hero of the American Revolutionary War. The town grew quickly along the Cumberland River and became a large railroad center. After World War II, suburbs popped up around Nashville and the city underwent a lot of growth from the 1970s-1990s. As of 2020, it had a population of 680,000 people and a population of over 1,900,000. \u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/72717/file/158610#t=3180.0,3210.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/72717/file/158610/annotation_set/801/annotation/201","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eCharlotte is the most populated city in North Carolina. The Catawba people were the first known tribe in the Charlotte area and interacted with the Spanish in the 16th century. Scots-Irish Presbyterians and German immigrants lived in the area during the 17th and 18th centuries. The town was named after the German Princess, Charlotte of Mecklenburg-Strelitz and nicknamed the “Queen City.” It was the site of the nation’s first gold rush in the 18th century. In the 19th century, the town became a railroad hub and center for cotton processing. During World War I, the United States government set up Camp Greene in Charlotte, and the population grew. In the 1970s and 1980s, the city became the center of the North Carolina National Bank, which would later become BankAmerica. Hurricane Hugo in 1989 caused a lot of property damage and there was no electricity for weeks. The city’s population was over 870,000 and the metro population was over 2,600,000 people as of 2020. \u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/72717/file/158610#t=3180.0,3210.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/72717/file/158610/annotation_set/801/annotation/202","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eTampa is a major Gulf Coast city. It is the third-most populated city in the state of Florida. The Weeden Island culture developed in the Tampa Bay area around 2,000 years ago and the Safety Harbor Native culture thrived in the area when Europeans arrived. Infectious disease, the lack of gold or silver, and indigenous efforts to throw off Europeans all ensure that the Spanish did not stay long in the area. The indigenous societies in the area collapsed at the beginning of the 17th century, The west coast was largely empty for over 200 years. The United States purchased Florida from Spain in 1821 and built forts in the area. Tampa became a frontier outpost and eventually became a town over the course of the 19th century. In the 1880s, the town boomed when phosphate was found nearby, and the town grew to one of the largest in Florida by 1900. In the early 20th century, Tampa became known as a cigar-making town. Tampa became an important Airforce base town in World War II and after. The town’s population exploded in the 1950s and 1960s. As of 2020, over 3.1 million people live in Tampa’s metro area. \u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/72717/file/158610#t=3180.0,3210.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/72717/file/158610/annotation_set/801/annotation/203","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003ePortman Holdings is an office and hotel design and development company. The company began in 1957 and built the first wholesale trade mart and integrated hotel in Downton Atlanta. \u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/72717/file/158610#t=3300.0,3330.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/72717/file/158610/annotation_set/801/annotation/204","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003ePaeso de la Reforma\u003c/em\u003e is a major wide avenue that cuts through Mexico City. In the 19th century, Mexico City was under French control; Maximilian I was emperor and sought to modernize Mexico. One of these modernization projects included the construction of the avenue which was then called \u003cem\u003ePaeso de la Emperatriz\u003c/em\u003e. It opened to the public in 1867. After the restoration of the Mexican Republic that same year, the avenue was renamed \u003cem\u003eCalzada Degollado\u003c/em\u003e, after General Santos Degollado. It was renamed again as \u003cem\u003ePaeso de la Reforma\u003c/em\u003e in 1872. In 2003, Mexico City’s government invested in the maintenance of the avenue. Today, the avenue is lined with art exhibitions, monuments, restaurants, offices, hotels, and tourist attractions.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/72717/file/158610#t=3330.0,3360.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/72717/file/158610/annotation_set/801/annotation/205","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003ePaole Zion\u003c/em\u003e (also spelled as \u003cem\u003ePo’alei Zion\u003c/em\u003e, \u003cem\u003ePaolei Tziyon\u003c/em\u003e, and \u003cem\u003ePaoley Syjon\u003c/em\u003e) was an international Marxist-Jewish movement in the early 20th century. The organization’s ideology mixed a Marxist understanding of history and nationalism; members believed that the Jewish proletariat would emerge in Israel and participate in the class struggle. Russian Jews began the organization, but it quickly spread to Europe and America. \u003cem\u003ePaole Zion \u003c/em\u003ecame to New York City in 1903 and expressed a need for Jewish national activities. The American groups were less rigid than those in Europe and Russia.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/72717/file/158610#t=3330.0,3360.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/72717/file/158610/annotation_set/801/annotation/206","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eThe Queen Mary\u003c/em\u003e is a British ocean liner that sailed from 1936-1967 for the Cunard White Star Line. The ship’s maiden voyage was on May 27, 1936. During World War II, \u003cem\u003ethe Queen Mary\u003c/em\u003e served as a troopship and ferried allied soldiers throughout the war. Her nickname was the “Grey Ghost” because of her color and speed; she was one of the fastest and largest troopships during World War II, making it nearly impossible for U-Boats to sink her. Today, \u003cem\u003ethe Queen Mary\u003c/em\u003e is a hotel in Long Beach, California. \u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/72717/file/158610#t=3330.0,3360.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/72717/file/158610/annotation_set/801/annotation/207","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eYiddishkeit \u003c/em\u003eliterally means \"Jewishness\", i.e. “a Jewish way of life” in the Yiddish language. In a more general sense it has come to mean the \"Jewishness\" or \"Jewish essence\" of Ashkenazi Jews in general and the traditional Yiddish-speaking Jews of Eastern and Central Europe in particular. From a more secular perspective it is associated with the popular culture or folk practices of Yiddish-speaking Jews, such as popular religious traditions, Eastern European Jewish food, Yiddish humor, and klezmer music, among other things. \u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/72717/file/158610#t=3330.0,3360.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/72717/file/158610/annotation_set/801/annotation/208","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eShabbat\u003c/em\u003e (Hebrew) or \u003cem\u003eShabbos \u003c/em\u003e(Yiddish) is the Jewish Sabbath and is observed on Saturdays. \u003cem\u003eShabbat \u003c/em\u003eobservance entails refraining from work activities and engaging in restful activities to honor the day. \u003cem\u003eShabbat\u003c/em\u003e begins at sundown on Friday night and is ushered in by lighting candles and reciting a blessing. It is closed the following evening with the recitation of the \u003cem\u003ehavdalah\u003c/em\u003e blessing. \u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/72717/file/158610#t=3330.0,3360.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/72717/file/158610/annotation_set/801/annotation/209","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eKashrut \u003c/em\u003eis a set of dietary laws dealing with the foods that Jews are permitted to eat and how those foods must be prepared according to Jewish law. Food that may be consumed is deemed \u003cem\u003ekosher\u003c/em\u003e, from the Ashkenazi pronunciation of the Hebrew term \u003cem\u003ekashér\u003c/em\u003e, meaning \"fit\" (in this context, \"fit for consumption\"). In colloquial English, \u003cem\u003ekosher\u003c/em\u003e often means \"legitimate,\" \"acceptable,\" \"permissible,\" \"genuine,\" or \"authentic.\" \u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/72717/file/158610#t=3330.0,3360.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/72717/file/158610/annotation_set/801/annotation/210","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe National Autonomous University of Mexico [Spanish: \u003cem\u003eUniversidad Nacional Autónoma de México\u003c/em\u003e], or UNAM, is the largest and one of the best universities in Latin America. The public research university’s main campus is located in Mexico City, Mexico. The campus is a UNESCO World Heritage site and some of Mexico’s most prominent architects designed its buildings. Justo Sierra founded UNAM in 1910, while its more religious predecessor, the Royal and Pontifical University of Mexico, was founded in 1551, making it the first university established in North America. UNAM’s mascot is a puma and as of 2018, over 350,000 students attended the university.  \u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/72717/file/158610#t=3330.0,3360.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/72717/file/158610/annotation_set/801/annotation/211","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe Fontainebleau Miami Beach is a hotel on Miami Beach in Florida. It was built in 1954 and was designed by Morris Lapidus, who was known for his “Miami Modern” hotel designs. Ben Novack owned the hotel until he filed for bankruptcy in 1977. The Black Tuna Gang, an organized crime group that was responsible for importing over 500 tons of marijuana to the United States over 16 months, used the hotel as a headquarters in the 1970s. After Ben Novack sold the hotel, Stephen Muss purchased it and saved it from bankruptcy. He sold it to the Turnberry Associates in 2005 for $165 million. The hotel expanded in 2008 and was added to the National Register of Historic Places. The hotel has served as the backdrop for multiple films and shows, including a James Bond film, \u003cem\u003eThe Sopranos\u003c/em\u003e, \u003cem\u003eThe Marvelous Mrs. Maisel\u003c/em\u003e, and others. \u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/72717/file/158610#t=3330.0,3360.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/72717/file/158610/annotation_set/801/annotation/212","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe Sans Souci Hotel was built by Roy France in the classic Postwar “Miami Modern” style. Morris Lapidus modified the hotel. The Sans Souci was known for its food, view of the ocean, pool, and entertainment options. “\u003cem\u003eSans souci\u003c/em\u003e” means “no worries” or “carefree” in French. Today, it is known as the Hotel Riu Plaza Miami Beach. \u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/72717/file/158610#t=3330.0,3360.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/72717/file/158610/annotation_set/801/annotation/213","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eVillage Oaks is a condominium complex northeast of Atlanta. \u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/72717/file/158610#t=3330.0,3360.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/72717/file/158610/annotation_set/801/annotation/214","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eMonterrey is the second-most economically productive city in Mexico. In the 1500s, the areas surrounding Monterrey were called the Extremadura Valley and Spanish explorers had largely not explored it. Before Europeans arrived, multiple semi-nomadic indigenous groups lived in the area. Spain established a kingdom called Nuevo Leon, [Spanish: Nuevo León], which was uninhabited for eight years. A settlement within present-day Monterrey was named San Luis Rey de Francia. A third expedition of 13 families founded \u003cem\u003eCiudad Metropolitana de Nuestra Senora de Monterrey\u003c/em\u003e, [Spanish: \u003cem\u003eCiudad Metropolitana de Nuestra Señora de Monterrey\u003c/em\u003e], the Metropolitan City of Our Lady of Monterrey. While Spain ruled Mexico, Monterrey stayed as a small city. After Mexican Independence, the town became an important economic center and was the site of a costly battle during the Mexican-American War. A steel company founded in 1900 and helped the city expand exponentially. In 1988, Hurricane Gilbert damaged the city and in 2010, Hurricane Alex hit the town, causing even more damage. As of 2020, it has an estimated of 5,341,171 people within the metropolitan area and over 1,100,000 residents in the city proper.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/72717/file/158610#t=3330.0,3360.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/72717/file/158610/annotation_set/801/annotation/215","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eA \u003cem\u003eyarmulke, koppel\u003c/em\u003e, or \u003cem\u003ekippah\u003c/em\u003e, is a cloth, brimless cap traditionally worn by Jewish men, especially those in Orthodox communities.  \u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/72717/file/158610#t=3330.0,3360.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/72717/file/158610/annotation_set/801/annotation/216","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eMarseille, (alternative spelling: Marseilles), is the capital of the Provence-Alpes-Cote d’Azur [French: Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur] region in France. It is situated near the mouth of the Rhône River, along the Gulf of Lion, which is a portion of the Mediterranean Sea. It is the second largest city in France, behind Paris. Greek settlers from Phocaea in 600 BCE, making it one of the oldest continuous settlements in Europe. The city has been an important port city since ancient history. In the 19th century, the city experienced a great economic boom. The Old Port is the site of a soap factory, which manufactures the city’s world-famous \u003cem\u003esavon de Marseille\u003c/em\u003e. During World War II, the German Army occupied Marseille in 1942. The city was heavily damaged during the war. In 2020, over 1,800,000 people lived in the Marseille metro area. \u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/72717/file/158610#t=3330.0,3360.0"}]}]}]}