{"@context":"http://iiif.io/api/presentation/3/context.json","id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/iiif/707wm14623/manifest","type":"Manifest","label":{"en":["Levitas, Ida Goldstein"]},"logo":"https://d9jk7wjtjpu5g.cloudfront.net/organizations/logo_images/000/000/082/original/TheBreman_SecondaryMark_Horizontal_Blue_Black.png?1713640889","metadata":[{"label":{"en":["Date"]},"value":{"en":["1976-03-18 (created)","1983 (created)"]}},{"label":{"en":["Agent"]},"value":{"en":["Levitas, Ida Goldstein (1897-1987) (Interviewee)","Lipshutz, Robert J. (1921-2010) (Interviewer)","Levitas, Susan (Interviewer)"]}},{"label":{"en":["Format"]},"value":{"en":["audio"]}},{"label":{"en":["Source"]},"value":{"en":["The William Breman Jewish Heritage Museum","Esther and Herbert Taylor Oral History Collection","Atlanta Jews"]}},{"label":{"en":["Description"]},"value":{"en":["\u003cp\u003eIda Levitas was interviewed by Robert Lipshutz on March 18, 1976 in Atlanta, Georgia. She was interviewed again by Susan Levitas in 1983. \u003c/p\u003e (general)","\u003cp\u003eIda Goldstein Levitas was born in Zabludow, Poland in 1897. She was the daughter of Shmuel Yankel (Samuel Jacob) Goldstein and Elke Reisel Goldstein and had four brothers, and two sisters, Avram Meyer, Morris, Irving, Joseph, Mary Dinah, and Rose Goldstein. Ida came with her parents to the United States in 1905, and the family settled in Atlanta, Georgia. She was raised in the Ahavath Achim congregation, where she went to Sunday school. She attended Fair Street School and Crew Street School. Ida met her husband, Louis J. Levitas while, teaching night school at Ahavath Achim as part of the Jewish Educational Alliance. Louis was the superintendent at the time. During the First World War, Ida was a social worker for the Jewish Educational Alliance and became in charge of the organization when the men left for war. She and her husband had two sons, Elliott Harris Levitas, a former United States Congressman, and Theodore “Ted” Clinton Levitas, a prominent pediatric dentist. Ida dedicated 59 years of her life volunteering at various Jewish organizations and was a member of \u003cem\u003eHadassah\u003c/em\u003e and president of the Atlanta chapter for some time. She died in 1987 in Atlanta at 90 years old. \u003c/p\u003e (bioghist)","\u003cp\u003eIn the 1976 interview Ida shares her family history, and how her family arrived to Atlanta from Poland. She reflects on her childhood in Atlanta, going to school and to Sunday school at Ahavath Achim. She discusses the relationships between the different Jewish communities in Atlanta. She remembers her father Shmuel Yankel, and her husband Louis Levitas, and talks about her children Elliot and Teddy, and their children. Ida reflects on her involvement in community organizations and fondly remembers being elected Man of the Year.\u003c/p\u003e (scope content)","\u003cp\u003eIn the 1983 interview Ida talks about her family history in detail. She discusses her community work in Atlanta, as well as politics in relation to the Jewish community. She reflects on aging and old age, and life, dating and marriage more generally. She recalls her relationship with her late husband Louis Levitas. She talks about education, in English, in Judaism and beyond, and remembers some of her childhood activities growing up in Atlanta. Ida discusses antisemitism, Zionism, and the Holocaust, and describes what Shabbat was like at her family home. Lastly, she shares more stories about the history of the Jewish community in Atlanta and shares her thoughts on the future of the Jewish community. \u003c/p\u003e (scope content)"]}},{"label":{"en":["Source Metadata URI"]},"value":{"en":["https://archivesspace.thebreman.org/repositories/2/archival_objects/28616"]}},{"label":{"en":["Rights Statement"]},"value":{"en":["\u003cp\u003eAll rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, recorded by any information storage and retrieval system, without the express written consent of the William Breman Jewish Heritage Museum.\u003c/p\u003e"]}},{"label":{"en":["Subject"]},"value":{"en":["Abram, Morris B. (1918-2000) (personal name)","Anderson, Rose Goldstein (1912-1973) (personal name)","Arnall, Ellis Gibbs (1907-1992) (personal name)","Balser, Meyer (1908-2004) (personal name)","Briscoe, Robert (1894-1969) (personal name)","Debs, Eugene (1885-1926) (personal name)","De Sola Pool, David (1885-1970) (personal name)","De Sola Pool, Tamar Hirshenson (1890-1981) (personal name)","Epstein, Harry (1903-2003) (personal name)","Evans, Eli N. (1936-2022) (personal name)","Frank, Leo (1884-1915) (personal name)","Frank, Lucille Selig (1888-1957) (personal name)","Geffen, Tobias (1870-1970) (personal name)","Gold, Solomon J. (1878-1975) (personal name)","Golden, Harry L. (1902-1981) (personal name)","Goldstein, Avrum M. (1874-1947) (personal name)","Goldstein, Charlie (1870-1925) (personal name)","Goldstein, Ella Reisel (1861-1928) (personal name)","Goldstein, Fannie Segal (1900-1982) (personal name)","Goldstein, Irving H. (1905-1979) (personal name)","Goldstein, Joseph H. (1887-1969) (personal name)","Goldstein, Morris (1883-1951) (personal name)","Goldstein, Samuel J. (1858-1951) (personal name)","Heyman, Herman (1898-1968) (personal name)","Heyman, Joseph K. (1888-1967) (personal name)","Heyman, Josephine (1901-1993) (personal name)","Hirmes, Abraham P. (188?-1946) (personal name)","Jacobs, Joseph B. (1887-1965) (personal name)","Kriegshaber, Victor H. (1859-1934) (personal name)","Levitas, Barbara C. (1934-) (personal name)","Levitas, Earlyn Shankerman (1929-1975) (personal name)","Levitas, Elliot H. (1930-2022) (personal name)","Levitas, Louis J. (1885-1968) (personal name)","Levitas, Theodore C. (1924-2016) (personal name)","Lichtenstein, Morris (1868-1926) (personal name)","Lipshutz, Robert J. (1921-2010) (personal name)","Liss, Mary Dinah Goldstein (1882-1944) (personal name)","Marx, David (1872-1962) (personal name)","Michael, Max (1884-1949) (personal name)","Montag, Rhea Hirsch (1899-1982) (personal name)","Rich, William T. (1887-1954) (personal name)","Roosevelt, Franklin D. (1882-1945) (personal name)","Shulhafer, Hannah Grossman (1901-1984) (personal name)","Solomon, Hyman (1889-1930) (personal name)","Sopkin, Henry (1903-1988) (personal name)","Weinberg, Abraham J. (1886-1975) (personal name)","Weinberg, Charles M. (1888-1961) (personal name)","Weinstein, Isadore M. (1887-1954) (personal name)","Yood, Hyman M. (1876-1931) (personal name)","Ahavath Achim (corporate name)","Federation of Jewish Charities (corporate name)","G A \u0026amp; F Grocery Co. (corporate name)","Fair Street School (corporate name)","Crew Street School (corporate name)","Jewish Educational Alliance (corporate name)","Arbeiter Ring (corporate name)","Jewish Progressive Club (corporate name)","Hadassah (corporate name)","B’nai B’rith (corporate name)","University of Oxford (corporate name)","Emory University (corporate name)","United Service Organization (corporate name)","United Hebrew School (corporate name)","United Way (corporate name)","Montefiore Relief Association (corporate name)","Jewish Free Interest Loan Society (corporate name)","Atlanta Zionist Organization (corporate name)","Welfare Fund (corporate name)","United Jewish Appeal (corporate name)","Aleph Zadik Aleph (corporate name)","The Jewish Home (corporate name)","Taylor Bakery (corporate name)","Bialystok, Poland (geographic term)","Grant Park, Atlanta (geographic term)","Zabludova, Poland (geographic term)","Atlanta, Georgia (geographic term)","Five Points, Atlanta (geographic term)","Piedmont Park, Atlanta (geographic term)","Golan Heights, Syria (geographic term)","Israel (geographic term)","Masada, Israel (geographic term)","Orthodox Judaism (topical term)","Conservative Judaism (topical term)","Sephardic Jews (topical term)","Hebrew (topical term)","Reform Judaism (topical term)","Sephardic Judaism (topical term)","Ashkenazi Jews (topical term)","World War I (topical term)","Rhodes Scholar (topical term)","Holocaust (topical term)","Sukkos (topical term)","Yiddish (topical term)","Treif (topical term)","Socialism (topical term)","Talmud (topical term)","Torah (topical term)","Kazatsky (topical term)","Learning English (topical term)","Cheder (topical term)","Waltz (topical term)","Goyim (topical term)","La Juive (opera) (topical term)","Antisemitism (topical term)","Zionism (topical term)","Yeshiva (topical term)","Shabbat (topical term)","Shul (topical term)","Shabbos Goy (topical term)","Pogrom (topical term)","Jews for Jesus (topical term)","Moonies (topical term)"]}}],"summary":{"en":["\u003cp\u003eIda Levitas was interviewed by Robert Lipshutz on March 18, 1976 in Atlanta, Georgia. She was interviewed again by Susan Levitas in 1983.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIda Goldstein Levitas was born in Zabludow, Poland in 1897. She was the daughter of Shmuel Yankel (Samuel Jacob) Goldstein and Elke Reisel Goldstein and had four brothers, and two sisters, Avram Meyer, Morris, Irving, Joseph, Mary Dinah, and Rose Goldstein. Ida came with her parents to the United States in 1905, and the family settled in Atlanta, Georgia. She was raised in the Ahavath Achim congregation, where she went to Sunday school. She attended Fair Street School and Crew Street School. Ida met her husband, Louis J. Levitas while, teaching night school at Ahavath Achim as part of the Jewish Educational Alliance. Louis was the superintendent at the time. During the First World War, Ida was a social worker for the Jewish Educational Alliance and became in charge of the organization when the men left for war. She and her husband had two sons, Elliott Harris Levitas, a former United States Congressman, and Theodore \u0026ldquo;Ted\u0026rdquo; Clinton Levitas, a prominent pediatric dentist. Ida dedicated 59 years of her life volunteering at various Jewish organizations and was a member of \u003cem\u003eHadassah\u003c/em\u003e and president of the Atlanta chapter for some time. She died in 1987 in Atlanta at 90 years old.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIn the 1976 interview Ida shares her family history, and how her family arrived to Atlanta from Poland. She reflects on her childhood in Atlanta, going to school and to Sunday school at Ahavath Achim. She discusses the relationships between the different Jewish communities in Atlanta. She remembers her father Shmuel Yankel, and her husband Louis Levitas, and talks about her children Elliot and Teddy, and their children. Ida reflects on her involvement in community organizations and fondly remembers being elected Man of the Year.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIn the 1983 interview Ida talks about her family history in detail. She discusses her community work in Atlanta, as well as politics in relation to the Jewish community. She reflects on aging and old age, and life, dating and marriage more generally. She recalls her relationship with her late husband Louis Levitas. She talks about education, in English, in Judaism and beyond, and remembers some of her childhood activities growing up in Atlanta. Ida discusses antisemitism, Zionism, and the Holocaust, and describes what Shabbat was like at her family home. Lastly, she shares more stories about the history of the Jewish community in Atlanta and shares her thoughts on the future of the Jewish community.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e"]},"requiredStatement":{"label":{"en":["Attribution"]},"value":{"en":["\u003cp\u003eAll rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, recorded by any information storage and retrieval system, without the express written consent of the William Breman Jewish Heritage Museum.\u003c/p\u003e"]}},"provider":[{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/aboutus","type":"Agent","label":{"en":["William Breman Jewish Heritage Museum"]},"homepage":[{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/","type":"Text","label":{"en":["William Breman Jewish Heritage Museum"]},"format":"text/html"}],"logo":[{"id":"https://d9jk7wjtjpu5g.cloudfront.net/organizations/logo_images/000/000/082/original/TheBreman_SecondaryMark_Horizontal_Blue_Black.png?1713640889","type":"Image"}]}],"thumbnail":[{"id":"https://d9jk7wjtjpu5g.cloudfront.net/collection_resource_files/thumbnails/000/116/873/small/Ida_Levitas.png?1623410447","type":"Image","format":"image/png"}],"items":[{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43811/file/116873","type":"Canvas","label":{"en":["Media File 1 of 1 - Levitas_Ida.mp3"]},"duration":7548.21225,"width":640,"height":360,"thumbnail":[{"id":"https://d9jk7wjtjpu5g.cloudfront.net/collection_resource_files/thumbnails/000/116/873/small/Ida_Levitas.png?1623410447","type":"Image","format":"image/png"}],"items":[{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43811/file/116873/content/1","type":"AnnotationPage","items":[{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43811/file/116873/content/1/annotation/1","type":"Annotation","motivation":"painting","body":{"id":"https://aviary-p-thebreman.s3.wasabisys.com/collection_resource_files/resource_files/000/116/873/original/Levitas_Ida.mp3?1623157845","type":"Audio","format":"audio/mp3","duration":7548.21225,"width":640,"height":360},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43811/file/116873","metadata":[]}]}],"annotations":[{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43811/file/116873/transcript/41881","type":"AnnotationPage","label":{"en":["Levitas, Ida [Transcript]"]},"items":[{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43811/file/116873/transcript/41881/annotation/1","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"LIPSHUTZ: Here we are, March 18, 1976, in Atlanta, Georgia. My name is Bob\nLipshutz. I have the pleasure of interviewing Mrs. Ida Goldstein Levitas who is\nalso known as Mrs. Louis J. Levitas, a life-time resident of Atlanta, Georgia.\nThe purpose of our discussion today is to transcribe—for all of the people of\nAtlanta and Georgia who are yet to come and retrace the ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43811/file/116873#t=0.0,30.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43811/file/116873/transcript/41881/annotation/2","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"history of Atlanta\nJewry—her recollections over the years about our city and about our entire\ncommunity. Mrs. Levitas, thank you very much for having this meeting with us for\nthis purpose. I would like to start by asking some personal background. Please\ntell us what you recall of your grandparents and your parents, their background,\nwhere they were born, their ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43811/file/116873#t=30.0,60.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43811/file/116873/transcript/41881/annotation/3","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"occupation, and where they lived. Also tell us who\nwere the first relatives of yours to come to Atlanta.\n\nLEVITAS: You want me to answer right now?\n\nLIPSHUTZ: Please.\n\nLEVITAS: I will tell you that my grandparents were born, and so were my parents,\nin Poland, Lithuania or Russia. Bialystok and the little cities around it\nchanged from time to time to be in the ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43811/file/116873#t=60.0,90.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43811/file/116873/transcript/41881/annotation/4","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"country of Poland, Lithuania, or Russia.\nWhen my father came here, it was Poland. My mother and father came to this\ncountry, and I wasn't born here. I came to Atlanta in 1904, and I was born in .\n. . I made a mistake. I promised I wouldn't give my age.\n\nLEVITAS: Let it be recorded. It doesn't matter.\n\nLIPSHUTZ: Okay, that's fine.\n\nLEVITAS: We'll leave it in then.\n\nLIPSHUTZ: Yesterday was your birthday, by the ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43811/file/116873#t=90.0,120.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43811/file/116873/transcript/41881/annotation/5","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"way, wasn't it?\n\nLEVITAS: Yes. My birthday's on Saint Patrick's Day. It's very odd because my\nhusband came from Dublin, Ireland. Did you know that?\n\nLIPSHUTZ: Yes, I did.\n\nLEVITAS: Yes. Therefore, many people know about it. My father came here a year\nor so before my mother. My mother brought the children with her. The first\nperson in our family who came to America, that I know, was my Uncle Charlie\nGoldstein. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43811/file/116873#t=120.0,150.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43811/file/116873/transcript/41881/annotation/6","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"He was instrumental in bringing the rest of the family to Atlanta. I\nwent through the public schools of Atlanta, high schools in Atlanta, and I took\nmany courses in the surrounding colleges, Spelman, Oglethorpe, even lately in\nGeorgia State, to be a volunteer. I also took in some courses in regard to my\nwork at Emory—just courses.\n\nLIPSHUTZ: Now, what occupation did your parents . . .\n\nLEVITAS: I was a social . . .\n\nLIPSHUTZ: No, your parents.\n\nLEVITAS: My father came here. He was a ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43811/file/116873#t=150.0,180.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43811/file/116873/transcript/41881/annotation/7","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"peddler. He later had this grocery store,\nbut it wasn't his. He didn't participate in it, and he retired. Whatever he\nmade, he made in peddling with various people. A man that died just recently who\nwas close to 100 [years old], Mr. Gold, peddled with him. That's the way he made\nhis living. He did well. He bought some little property ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43811/file/116873#t=180.0,210.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43811/file/116873/transcript/41881/annotation/8","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"near Grant Park. This is\nwhere we lived, on Connally Street, for many years. We eventually moved to\nWashington Street where the [Atlanta] Stadium is right now. It's from there I\nwas raised. In my time, it was not known to do anything but walk to town and to\nshul. I was raised in the Ahavath Achim congregation. I went to Sunday School\nthere. I graduated Sunday School there. Later, when I became secretary of the\nFederation of Jewish Charities ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43811/file/116873#t=210.0,240.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43811/file/116873/transcript/41881/annotation/9","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"in 1914, I taught night school there. I taught\nSunday School there, under . . . You know who was the superintendent? Louis J.\nLevitas. That's the way I met him.\n\nLIPSHUTZ: When you mentioned Charlie Goldstein, your uncle—this is a very\npersonal tie with mine. Just for posterity so that anyone who listens to this\nrecording will know of our ties, I'd like for you to record just who Charlie\nGoldstein is in relation to me personally.\n\nLEVITAS: ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43811/file/116873#t=240.0,270.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43811/file/116873/transcript/41881/annotation/10","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Charlie Goldstein was really the youngest of a group of people. May I\ntell you who they are in Atlanta? A.J. Weinberg's mother, Rose Tesler's mother\n[Pearl Marenberg], Sidney Cavalier's father [Julius Goldstein], my father\n[Shmuel Yankel], and Charlie Goldstein who was your former father-in-law . . .\n\nLIPSHUTZ: . . .grandfather-in-law.\n\nLEVITAS: . . .grandfather-in-law, were all brothers and sisters. My Uncle\nCharlie was the youngest of the whole bunch. He became rather affluent. He went\ninto ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43811/file/116873#t=270.0,300.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43811/file/116873/transcript/41881/annotation/11","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"the wholesale grocery business, G A \u0026 F grocery business. He was very good\nto the whole family and brought most everyone . . . [He was] instrumental in\nbringing us all here. We always looked to him as . . . It was not unusual in\nthose days that people were brought over from Europe. They slept on the floor.\nThey slept two in a bed. One of my cousins who became immensely wealthy, Charlie\nWeinberg from ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43811/file/116873#t=300.0,330.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43811/file/116873/transcript/41881/annotation/12","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"California . . . We slept four in a room. It was nothing unusual\nto do that. Uncle Charlie was really the mainstay of the family, though he was\nthe youngest.\n\nLIPSHUTZ: Again a personal note, this is the great-grandfather of my children.\n\nLEVITAS: That's right.\n\nLIPSHUTZ: What are some of the events that stand out most clearly in your mind\nabout your childhood and adolescence in Atlanta?\n\nLEVITAS: My childhood was mostly centered around going to Sunday School and\ngoing to school. I went to Fair Street School, by the way, ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43811/file/116873#t=330.0,360.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43811/file/116873/transcript/41881/annotation/13","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and Crew Street\nSchool. A lot of the people that were in that neighborhood . . . My Uncle\nCharlie lived at 13 Connally Street. I lived at 87 Connally Street. Your people,\nthe Lipshutzes, lived I think at 16 Connally Street, right across the street\nfrom Uncle Charlie. I was very active at all times in the community, whether I\nwas young . . . Naturally, as will come later, you'll know what organizations ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43811/file/116873#t=360.0,390.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43811/file/116873/transcript/41881/annotation/14","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I\nheaded and what honors I received.\n\nLIPSHUTZ: You mentioned the schools and the religious schools you attended.\nWhich congregation did you belong to?\n\nLEVITAS: Ahavath Achim congregation.\n\nLIPSHUTZ: Ahavath Achim, yes. Who was the rabbi that you remember?\n\nLEVITAS: Rabbi Yood was before, when I was young, when I went to Sunday School.\nWhen I married, Rabbi Hirmes, Rabbi A. P. Hirmes, was the rabbi. It was very\ninteresting as I grew older and I ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43811/file/116873#t=390.0,420.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43811/file/116873/transcript/41881/annotation/15","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"worked—you may ask me that question\nlater—and I became secretary of the Federation of Jewish Charities, I naturally\ncame in contact with many of the Reform Jewry because the Reform Jewry then\ncontrolled the entire Jewry of our community. Our Russian, Sephardic . . . The\nAshkenazic Jewry and the Sephardic Jewry were in very not good circumstances.\nReform Jewry were well off. The Regensteins were already there, the ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43811/file/116873#t=420.0,450.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43811/file/116873/transcript/41881/annotation/16","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Haases were\nalready around, the [unintelligible 7.32] and all of these people. As a result\nthey ran the Jewish Educational Alliance where I was. Naturally, when I got\nmarried, Rabbi Marx, who was one of the Reform rabbis, and Rabbi Geffen, who was\nthen the rabbi of the main Orthodox . . . Our synagogue, Ahavath Achim, was\nOrthodox, but their synagogue, Shearith Israel, was even more ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43811/file/116873#t=450.0,480.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43811/file/116873/transcript/41881/annotation/17","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Orthodox. All\nthree rabbis performed at my wedding.\n\nLIPSHUTZ: So you did have an Orthodox and Conservative and . . .\n\nLEVITAS: . . . Reform, yes.\n\nLIPSHUTZ: . . . Reform rabbi at your wedding?\n\nLEVITAS: Yes. I want to give Rabbi Marx credit for wearing a yarmulke at my wedding.\n\nLIPSHUTZ: What year were you married?\n\nLEVITAS: October 24, 1922.\n\nLIPSHUTZ: Tell us a little bit about what was expected of a young Jewish woman\nin the days of your youth, particularly with regard to schooling and career.\n\nLEVITAS: In my youth, there wasn't much expected of ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43811/file/116873#t=480.0,510.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43811/file/116873/transcript/41881/annotation/18","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"them. A lot of them that\nwent through school taught school. That was the only profession outside of going\nto business college and becoming a secretary. That was the main thing, because a\nlot of our people couldn't afford to send their children to college. It was\nthrough good fortune that I got into the Jewish Educational Alliance, because a\nman by the name of Joseph Heyman was the first superintendent. He took a liking\nto me as a young lady. He employed me. I was his ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43811/file/116873#t=510.0,540.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43811/file/116873/transcript/41881/annotation/19","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"secretary. The First World War\ncame along. All the men went off and I became in charge of the whole\ninstitution. At that time, everything met at the Jewish Educational Alliance, 90\nCapitol Avenue. The small clubs, even the Workmen's Circle and even the\nProgressive Club, was formed there. The Workmen's Circle was then considered the\nsocialist branch of this community. They moved further down on Capitol ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43811/file/116873#t=540.0,570.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43811/file/116873/transcript/41881/annotation/20","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Avenue.\nIn the Alliance, as I showed you a picture, we had a kindergarten that was\nthere. We had clubs. We had many other things. Nothing too much was expected. I\nwant to tell you . . . Can I call you by name, Cousin Bob?\n\nLIPSHUTZ: Please do.\n\nLEVITAS: I'm going to tell you, Cousin Bob, that I happen to have had a . . .\nvery few girls went to Hebrew ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43811/file/116873#t=570.0,600.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43811/file/116873/transcript/41881/annotation/21","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"School. I happen to have had a mother . . .\nalthough my father was well educated and we have a picture of him holding two\nhands on a Torah, which you've seen . . . My mother was the most educated in our\nfamily. She used to . . . She taught the whole family before they had to go away\nto study somewhere else. She knew many languages. When she was up at shul . . .\nWe used to have a gallery for the women. The men sat ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43811/file/116873#t=600.0,630.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43811/file/116873/transcript/41881/annotation/22","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"downstairs. She had a\ncircle of women sit around her to listen to her giving the prayers because many\nwomen knew very little. Very little was expected even at my age of girls—of\nwomen. Most of them went to business college. Many of them also went to normal\nschool. We had a normal school. In a normal school you took two years to study\nafter high school. Then you took an examination. I took an examination with the\n[Atlanta] ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43811/file/116873#t=630.0,660.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43811/file/116873/transcript/41881/annotation/23","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Board of Education which gave me permission to teach night school to\nnewcomers in the Jewish Educational Alliance. I taught every night. In my day,\nnobody was afraid. I used to walk from Capitol Avenue to Connally Street after I\nfinished teaching without any fear whatsoever.\n\nLIPSHUTZ: Your father was quite a prominent member of this community. Tell us\nwhat was the name that he was really ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43811/file/116873#t=660.0,690.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43811/file/116873/transcript/41881/annotation/24","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"known by.\n\nLEVITAS: He was known as Uncle Shmuel Yankel by most everybody that knew him—as\nmuch as I'm known as Aunt Ida by people that don't even know me well. I could\nmention to you right now 20, 30, or 40 people that call me Aunt Ida. I've just\ncome from a Hadassah meeting. Half of them called me Aunt Ida. I'm not their\nAunt Ida but they call me Aunt Ida. Uncle Shmuel Yankel was Uncle Shmuel Yankel\nto everybody. The reason, I believe, is due to the fact that he ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43811/file/116873#t=690.0,720.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43811/file/116873/transcript/41881/annotation/25","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"worked a great\ndeal for the United Hebrew School. That was his favorite charity. He used to\nwalk up and down Peachtree Street and collect money from all the Reform Jews,\nand sell tickets for a ball. He'd walk into all the stores where Jewish people\nwere and get money from them. They respected him and looked up to him. The\nreason I think, in the family, that he was looked up to so and was called Uncle\nShmuel Yankel by a man like I.M. Weinstein, Joe Jacobs, and people like\nthat—because ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43811/file/116873#t=720.0,750.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43811/file/116873/transcript/41881/annotation/26","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"A.J. [Abraham Joseph Weinberg] used to bring him there—is because\nhe was the oldest remaining member alive. He was the oldest member of the entire\nGoldstein family. He died at 96.\n\nLIPSHUTZ: I remember him.\n\nLEVITAS: You understand?\n\nLIPSHUTZ: Yes.\n\nLEVITAS: That is the reason really. All the children looked up to Uncle Shmuel\nYankel because he was the only one surviving. That was the reason. My Uncle\nCharlie died very young.\n\nLIPSHUTZ: Tell us about how you ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43811/file/116873#t=750.0,780.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43811/file/116873/transcript/41881/annotation/27","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"met Louis Levitas.\n\nLEVITAS: I met Louis Levitas at the Jewish Educational Alliance. He was\nsuperintendent of the Sunday School. I was there in charge. I also taught Sunday\nSchool. I met him and we began keeping company. He, as I told you, came from\nDublin, Ireland. He had an uncle here and he came to Atlanta. We met and we\nmarried in ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43811/file/116873#t=780.0,810.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43811/file/116873/transcript/41881/annotation/28","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"October. Most of the rest of my life, you know yourself, because most\nof the rest . . . You're nearly as old as Teddy. I don't know when you became\nfriendly with Teddy, but I know you know a great deal of my life.\n\nLIPSHUTZ: Since we're trying to record this forever, we'd better put on record\nabout Teddy and about Elliott. Tell us about your children.\n\nLEVITAS: My children . . . I had Teddy, and I only had one child. He was already\nsix years old. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43811/file/116873#t=810.0,840.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43811/file/116873/transcript/41881/annotation/29","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"The doctor said I couldn't have any more children. I became\npresident of the Atlanta Chapter of Hadassah in 1930. I wasn't president for\nover three months [when] I got pregnant with Elliott. Elliott was born during my\nregime. He is 45 years old now. Teddy is 51. He'll be 52 pretty soon. Both of my\nboys . . . I was very fortunate. It could be due to their father. I will give\ncredit to my husband of blessed ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43811/file/116873#t=840.0,870.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43811/file/116873/transcript/41881/annotation/30","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"memory, of taking a great interest in the\nchildren and imparting some of his knowledge to them in Judaism as well as in\nother factors. Unfortunately, though I come from a Yiddish-speaking home, my\nboys don't know too much of Yiddish—which they regret and I regret—because I\nmarried an English-speaking husband. You see, Ireland is an English-speaking\ncountry. It was unfortunate. When Teddy began ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43811/file/116873#t=870.0,900.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43811/file/116873/transcript/41881/annotation/31","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"practicing dentistry . . . his\nfeeling to dentistry has been a long time. His cousin, Irving Goldstein, had a\ngreat deal to do with his taking this as a profession. I'm glad to say that he\nhas made tremendous strides and today he is president of the International\nAcademy of Periodontics of America. That's an attainment that not many have\nreached in ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43811/file/116873#t=900.0,930.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43811/file/116873/transcript/41881/annotation/32","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Atlanta. About my son Elliott—a lot of people resent me sometimes\nwhen I said, \"I'm Elliott Levitas' mother.\" They said, \"No, you're Teddy\nLevitas' mother first. Your son number one is just as good as your son number\ntwo.\" I agree with them perfectly. Teddy always had a very unusual personality.\nHe was liked by very many. They differ in personalities. Teddy's more outgoing,\nlike I am. Teddy's like his father more or ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43811/file/116873#t=930.0,960.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43811/file/116873/transcript/41881/annotation/33","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"less. [There is] very little that I\ncan tell you about Teddy that I suppose most people—Jewish people—in Atlanta\ndon't already know. He was . . . Teddy had to work for what he got. Elliott got\nwhat he got easier. He had a more retentive memory. He's like his father. His\nfather had . . . In Yiddish they call it an ofenen kup [Yiddish \"open mind\"]. Do\nyou know, Bob, what that ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43811/file/116873#t=960.0,990.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43811/file/116873/transcript/41881/annotation/34","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"means?\n\nLIPSHUTZ: No, you'll have to translate.\n\nLEVITAS: An open mind. That means whatever he saw, whatever he read, he would\nremember. Louis did that too. Teddy worked for what he had to do for everything.\nGet his master's? He worked very hard to get his master's. I don't have to tell\nyou that anything that you attain, you have to work for. As he got up in line\nfor the academy . . . he was president of Northern District, of the Georgia\nDistrict. He was president of ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43811/file/116873#t=990.0,1020.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43811/file/116873/transcript/41881/annotation/35","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"many other things here. [He was] president of\nB'nai B'rith before you or after you?\n\nLIPSHUTZ: After me.\n\nLEVITAS: After you. He was very active. He taught Sunday School. He drove a\ntruck for the National Linen [Service Corporation] to make some money. He sold\nshoes also. Louis—I don't know if you know—was an insurance man most of his life.\n\nLIPSHUTZ: Yes.\n\nLEVITAS: The way I met him . . . when I first met him, he had a horse and buggy.\nHe would take me for a ride in a horse and buggy. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43811/file/116873#t=1020.0,1050.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43811/file/116873/transcript/41881/annotation/36","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"That was before 1922, [in]\n1919, 1918, or 1920. He was peddling when he first came from Ireland here. He\nwas with the New York Life [Insurance], first with the Metropolitan [Life\nInsurance Company], then the New York Life . . . must have been at least 45\nyears or more. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43811/file/116873#t=1050.0,1080.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43811/file/116873/transcript/41881/annotation/37","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Elliott was always an 'A' student, all through high school and\nall through school. When he began, \"What do you want to do?\" He doesn't know.\nAll of a sudden he went to Emory and he became a Rhodes scholar. He really\ndidn't know exactly what to take. He wanted to be a businessman. His father says\nto him, \"You can always be a businessman. You've got to take . . . Three things\nthat you've got to ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43811/file/116873#t=1080.0,1110.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43811/file/116873/transcript/41881/annotation/38","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"do if you go to Oxford . . . You can't be married, you have\nto have a profession, one profession—there are 18 colleges or more—and you\nhave to have a sport.\" He said to him, \"Take law. You can always go in business.\nIt doesn't matter.\" He took law. What happened after he came back, Mr. Ellis\nArnall became very much interested in him. He used to work there summers. When\nhe was yet in Emory . . . even at that time, he used to work there ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43811/file/116873#t=1110.0,1140.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43811/file/116873/transcript/41881/annotation/39","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"summers. When\nhe came back, he didn't want to go because he was already in love with Babs.\nMorris Abram had something to do with his making a decision, so did Leon Eplan.\nThey begged him. Leon Eplan teased him and he said, \"I wouldn't take it for\nnothing in the world. They're going to forget that you're an honor student and a\nPhi Beta Kappa or anything else, but that Rhodes scholar sure is going to\ntorment you.\" He said that, ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43811/file/116873#t=1140.0,1170.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43811/file/116873/transcript/41881/annotation/40","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and then Morris Abram came over to the house. They\npersuaded him to go on. Later on in years, Teddy once said to him, \"What did you\never think about that you wanted to give up not being a Rhodes scholar?\" He\nsaid, \"I trembled.\" He came back for Ted, when Ted first married. Then he went\nback and he finished. He came back and he married. He took Babs to ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43811/file/116873#t=1170.0,1200.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43811/file/116873/transcript/41881/annotation/41","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Oxford, to\nsee Oxford and Europe. Then he joined the [United States] Army. He had to give\ntwo years to the Army.\n\nLIPSHUTZ: Tell us about how many grandchildren do you have?\n\nLEVITAS: I have six grandchildren. I have three boys and three girls. My oldest\ngrandson is Steven, a most unusual boy. He graduated high school, Dykes High\nSchool, and was valedictorian and won 13 honors. He's ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43811/file/116873#t=1200.0,1230.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43811/file/116873/transcript/41881/annotation/42","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"graduating May ninth. I spoke\nto him last night because he called me for my birthday. Leslie is 20, and she's\na senior. She's a little ahead of herself. She would have graduated right now,\nbut when she was in Paris, she had a sad call. It interrupted her work in Paris\nwhen she was called. She's going to graduate. She's 15 months younger than\nPatty. She's going to graduate in the . . .\n\nLIPSHUTZ: Than ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43811/file/116873#t=1230.0,1260.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43811/file/116873/transcript/41881/annotation/43","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Steven, younger than Steven.\n\nLEVITAS: Steven.\n\nLIPSHUTZ: Yes.\n\nLEVITAS: Correct, than Steven. First, I want to tell you—before I go any\nfurther—I never call any one of my grandchildren properly. I always mix them up.\n\nLIPSHUTZ: You're entitled to do that.\n\nLEVITAS: The third is Tony. Tony is 16. He'll be 17. He goes to a private\nschool. He's got many individual talents—ceramics, he plays a guitar, and he's\ngot an orchestra. He's the only one that's interested in music. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43811/file/116873#t=1260.0,1290.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43811/file/116873/transcript/41881/annotation/44","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"He's an\noutstanding athlete. He may graduate this year ahead of himself. He may not. I\ndon't think his father would want him to, but if he will, he probably will. Then\nElliott—Elliott has three children, Karin, who's 16 . . . She now doing some\nprivate work in dancing, and she's putting on concerts. It has taken her . . .\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43811/file/116873#t=1290.0,1320.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43811/file/116873/transcript/41881/annotation/45","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Really due to the fact that Elliott is away from home so much, so Babs became\ninterested in dramatics to occupy her time some. She has been working a great\ndeal in putting on plays for the United Way and for various other things. Karin\nbecame interested in dancing.\n\nLEVITAS: Susan is next. She's 14. She's got a very good mind. She, I think, has\nthe best mind of ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43811/file/116873#t=1320.0,1350.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43811/file/116873/transcript/41881/annotation/46","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"the three children there. She's a good student in Hebrew\nSchool. She's a good student in school. She likes to study. She's a very fine\nchild. The one, naturally, as we all think [of as the] baby, is Kevin. You've\nmet Kevin.\n\nLIPSHUTZ: Yes, I know Kevin.\n\nLEVITAS: He loves everybody. If he meets Cousin Bob, you'd think Cousin Bob is\nthe greatest man in the world. He just is very outgoing, very friendly, and very\nlovable. He's ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43811/file/116873#t=1350.0,1380.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43811/file/116873/transcript/41881/annotation/47","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"really . . . No one that meets him doesn't want to take him away\nand keep him for a while because he's really a very unusual young boy. Thank God\nthat they've gotten adjusted. Elliott doesn't come home every week. He's coming\nhome this . . .\n\nLIPSHUTZ: Let me interrupt a second. You've said several times about how Elliott\nis away all the time. I think for the record, since you haven't mentioned it, we\nought to explain why Elliott is not home so much.\n\nLEVITAS: Yes.\n\nLIPSHUTZ: Otherwise ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43811/file/116873#t=1380.0,1410.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43811/file/116873/transcript/41881/annotation/48","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"people might misunderstand.\n\nLEVITAS: I thought everyone knows. When I introduced myself down just where I\nate lunch, \"I'm Ida Levitas. You know how to spell Levitas?\" \"Sure I do. I live\nin the Fourth District.\" Everybody . . . I can buy a pair of stockings and\npeople will say, \"Are you Elliott Levitas' mother? Oh, I know him. I voted for\nhim.\" I went to a reception last Saturday night at Nanette Wenger's. I met a lot\nof doctors. They're all around Emory. All of Emory's ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43811/file/116873#t=1410.0,1440.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43811/file/116873/transcript/41881/annotation/49","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"for him. There's no\nquestion. Eleven years ago when I called up Emory to help him into the Congress\n. . . into the legislature, the girl that answered the phone [said], \"Don't\nworry about Emory. Emory is a must for him.\" I met a lot of doctors there that\nlive in this neighborhood. The first thing I said . . . \"You are his mother.\"\nSome people resent it when I say that I'm Elliott's mother. \"Remember, you've\ngot a son number one. Teddy's just as bright as ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43811/file/116873#t=1440.0,1470.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43811/file/116873/transcript/41881/annotation/50","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Elliott and you're Teddy's mother.\"\n\nLIPSHUTZ: But just for the record, Elliott Levitas is the . . .\n\nLEVITAS: . . . Congressman for the Fourth District.\n\nLIPSHUTZ: Let me go back to some of the community organizations. First of all,\nlet me go back to a couple of little things about the Alliance.\n\nLEVITAS: Yes.\n\nLIPSHUTZ: Of course, you're thoroughly familiar with the Alliance. How about\nstating who formed the Alliance, what were the purposes of the Alliance, and\nwhat ultimately happened to it.\n\nLEVITAS: ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43811/file/116873#t=1470.0,1500.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43811/file/116873/transcript/41881/annotation/51","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"In those days, I wasn't grown yet. I was a child. That must have been\naround 1908. Around 1908, our community was very divided. It was definitely a\npoor Sephardic and Ashkenazi community. The Ashkenazi was a little bit better\noff than the Sephardic. The Sephardics were very poor in those days. They lived\naround Central Avenue—way out. We lived . . . The ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43811/file/116873#t=1500.0,1530.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43811/file/116873/transcript/41881/annotation/52","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Ashkenazi—most of them lived\naround Gilmer Street. We happened to live not near there. We lived near Grant\nPark, my father and the family. He had bought . . . He had a couple little\nhouses there and this is where we lived. They formed a community center where\npeople—Jewish people—could come. As I told you, the Arbeiter Ring . . . I had\na great deal to do in bringing over this. They're ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43811/file/116873#t=1530.0,1560.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43811/file/116873/transcript/41881/annotation/53","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"around me today. I sit in the\nshul, and there's a fellow there that I taught in English to Foreigners. He says\nto me, \"If I don't speak English good, you didn't teach me well.\" If I meet a\nfamily, say, \"Do you know, you brought over my whole family.\" One of the main\npurposes of the Alliance . . . we had meetings there, Montefiore Relief\nAssociation, that gave money to the poor. We had a lot of poor people—a lot of\npoor people. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43811/file/116873#t=1560.0,1590.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43811/file/116873/transcript/41881/annotation/54","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"The [Jewish] Free [Interest] Loan Society lent money out without\ninterest to put people in little businesses. They met there. They were there.\nAmong them, my father was a member of the Free Loan Association. The people that\nwere in the Montefiore Relief Association were people like Leon Eplan,\nKriegshabers, and Jake Jacobs. Jake Jacobs was a very big one, and Morris\nLichtenstein above all. I went to many ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43811/file/116873#t=1590.0,1620.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43811/file/116873/transcript/41881/annotation/55","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"social service conventions with Morris\nLichtenstein. I went to New Orleans [Louisiana] and I went to many other social\nworkers' conventions with him. We used to have dances there. When the First\nWorld War began, we used to have . . . we had dances there for the soldiers.\nThey used to come over there, gather there. We had a library there. We had\npeople . . . One of the outstanding men in the city of Atlanta today is past\npresident of ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43811/file/116873#t=1620.0,1650.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43811/file/116873/transcript/41881/annotation/56","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"this place—I thought I was in Federation—the AJCC. He was one of\nthe worst boys that I had. I had him in juvenile court twice. He broke the door\nto the kitchen. He ate the cake. He broke the plate. He gambled in the bathroom.\nHe shot craps. Is that what you call it?\n\nLIPSHUTZ: You think you ought to tell us his name?\n\nLEVITAS: I know. He doesn't mind it. No, I'll tell you. Meyer Balser says, \"If\nIda Levitas doesn't have gray hairs in her head, and I didn't put them ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43811/file/116873#t=1650.0,1680.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43811/file/116873/transcript/41881/annotation/57","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"there,\nthen she'll never have them.\" This is my nephew there. He's one of the finest\nmen in this community. That's all I can say.\n\nLIPSHUTZ: You said the community was divided.\n\nLEVITAS: Very divided.\n\nLIPSHUTZ: What was the basic division?\n\nLEVITAS: Division was because they thought that they were better than the rest\nof us.\n\nLIPSHUTZ: Who's they?\n\nLEVITAS: The Reform Jewry.\n\n LIPSHUTZ:Okay.\n\nLEVITAS: Reform Jewry. Very few . . . Hadassah was already organized. I didn't\ncome in until 1922. It was organized in about 1918. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43811/file/116873#t=1680.0,1710.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43811/file/116873/transcript/41881/annotation/58","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"There were just three girls\nthat really joined our ranks that helped us from the Reform Jewry to help us\nwork in Hadassah. We had a Women's Auxiliary that helped out. My mother went.\nMiss Lichtenstein, Miss Eplan, Miss Kline [sp], Miss . . . All of these women\nused to go around collecting dues and helping out with the poor. The Sephardic\nwere very much in need of help and we gave it to ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43811/file/116873#t=1710.0,1740.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43811/file/116873/transcript/41881/annotation/59","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"them. They came and got checks\n[unintelligible 29.02]. It used to aggravate me at times that when I gave them a\ncheck and they had four or five children . . . Our community was prolific, and I\ngave them . . . Then I'd find them next door at Merlin's grocery store. They'd\nbuy borscht and wieners for lunch. It used to, as a young woman . . . It used to\nkind of say to me, why didn't they go and buy ground meat and fix them something thats for less than that.\n\nLIPSHUTZ: Maybe turnip greens and grits.\n\nLEVITAS: No, they did not eat turnip greens and grits. That I'll tell you. They\ndidn't even know what it was. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43811/file/116873#t=1740.0,1770.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43811/file/116873/transcript/41881/annotation/60","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And then the . . .\n\nLIPSHUTZ: Now who were the three Reform Jewish women that you said?\n\nLEVITAS: That I would recall is Mrs. Harry Gershon, Reb Gershon, Mrs. Josephine\nHeyman, Herman Heyman's wife, and Hannah Shulhafer. They joined Hadassah around\nthe time that I did, and they were really very helpful. Rhea ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43811/file/116873#t=1770.0,1800.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43811/file/116873/transcript/41881/annotation/61","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Montag helped in\nthe kindergarten. [She] used to teach kindergarten there. That's the reason I\nhad a public wedding. I worked among all of these Reform Jews. William T. Rich\nwas president when I married. Consequently I was in Mrs. Kriegshaber's home on\nmany occasions, because I worked at the Alliance and they knew me. They all gave\nme presents. I was very close with Michael, Mr. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43811/file/116873#t=1800.0,1830.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43811/file/116873/transcript/41881/annotation/62","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Michael from Athens. He used to\ncome and talk to our Sunday School almost every Sunday. We had . . .\n\nLIPSHUTZ: Who, Mr. Max Michael?\n\nLEVITAS: Yes, Max Michael. We had the only Sunday School in the city of Atlanta\nwhen I was a young woman. The other Sunday Schools were not performing then. We\nhad the Sunday . . . Louis Levitas was superintendent and I used to teach.\nThat's when I met him. I met him at the Alliance.\n\nLIPSHUTZ: ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43811/file/116873#t=1830.0,1860.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43811/file/116873/transcript/41881/annotation/63","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Now you said that the . . .\n\nLEVITAS: I didn't tell you about my work in Federal prison. I got a letter from\nEugene Debs in my wedding book because I worked with . . . we had over 100\nJewish prisoners. We used to give them a seder. If anybody came from New York\nthat had an uncle there or anything, they came to me, to the Alliance. I used to\nhave to give passes to go into the . . . down there. I was very friendly with\nthe superintendent ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43811/file/116873#t=1860.0,1890.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43811/file/116873/transcript/41881/annotation/64","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"there at the time, the warden, Fred Zerks [sp]. I was very\nfriendly with him. He permitted them to come and see their relatives. When I\nmarried, the first present I got was from the niece of these two brothers that\nwere there because they were gotten . . . They had a drugstore on Fifth Avenue,\nNew York, and they were gotten for selling dope or something that was illegal in\nthose days. She came to Atlanta and I helped her. I even took her home to eat\nwith us. We lived at ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43811/file/116873#t=1890.0,1920.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43811/file/116873/transcript/41881/annotation/65","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that time at 410 Washington Street.\n\nLIPSHUTZ: Let's sort of summarize, if you will. Tell us some of your\nobservations that you are making these days about the directions in which the\nJewish community has developed over the past years—the relationship between\nthese various branches of Judaism, the general religious affiliation, and the\nobservances of Atlanta Jewry. How have these things developed? What directions\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43811/file/116873#t=1920.0,1950.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43811/file/116873/transcript/41881/annotation/66","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"have they gone and what directions do you see that we as a Jewish community of\nAtlanta are going?\n\nLEVITAS: It's unfortunate, due to the Holocaust. When Eli Evans interviewed me,\nhe wanted to know if I thought that the togetherness came about during the [Leo]\nFrank case, at which time Louis, my husband—I was not married yet—used to\nvisit him regularly in jail. And Eli . . .\n\nLIPSHUTZ: That's the Leo Frank case?\n\nLEVITAS: Leo Frank, Leo N. Frank case.\n\nLIPSHUTZ: Yes.\n\nLEVITAS: ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43811/file/116873#t=1950.0,1980.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43811/file/116873/transcript/41881/annotation/67","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"He says to me, \"Did the Leo Frank case bring you all together here?\" I\nsaid, \"No. The Holocaust, unfortunately.\" The Leo N. Frank case was a Reform\nJew. It didn't affect the Orthodox Jewry too much. They didn't even know who he\nwas. They didn't even know much about him. They didn't know what it was. They\nknew he was a Jew that was in prison. Later, after he was lynched, it caused a\nlot of commotion. We were ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43811/file/116873#t=1980.0,2010.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43811/file/116873/transcript/41881/annotation/68","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"scared. We were scared, but it didn't do a thing to\nunite us. The Holocaust divided us and we are one . . .\n\nLIPSHUTZ: Divided you or . . .\n\nLEVITAS: No.\n\nLIPSHUTZ: . . . united you?\n\nLEVITAS: United us, erased dividedness, united us. Our new motto, \"We are one in\nthe Federation,\" is the truth of Atlanta Jewry. If Dr. Marx was alive today, he\ntoo would be one of us. We are one. I was chairman of the United ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43811/file/116873#t=2010.0,2040.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43811/file/116873/transcript/41881/annotation/69","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Jewish Appeal\nin 1941. That's a long time ago. We were still not as together as we are today.\nWe are really one. I don't see any difference between . . . I don't want to\nmention any name whatsoever . . . We are the same as the Sephardic. I want to\ntell you that just as they looked down upon the Ashkenazi (the Orthodox Jew), we\nlooked down on the Sephardic Jew. Now there's no difference. I go ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43811/file/116873#t=2040.0,2070.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43811/file/116873/transcript/41881/annotation/70","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"with girls,\nand my children go with the children of . . . people from the Sephardic Jews are\ncollege graduates, educated like we are. In every phase of life, rich,\ncomfortable, gifted, charitied . . . They've got a beautiful congregation,\nwonderful rabbi . . . We are united, but unfortunately six million dead of Jewry\ndid that. Being interviewed, you didn't ask ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43811/file/116873#t=2070.0,2100.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43811/file/116873/transcript/41881/annotation/71","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"me that I was elected Man of the Year.\n\nLIPSHUTZ: No, I hadn't gotten to that yet.\n\nLEVITAS: I thought you weren't going to ask me.\n\nLIPSHUTZ: No. Tell us about that. That was a unique thing in the history of\nB'nai B'rith.\n\nLEVITAS: Yes. Well, I had gotten . . . I have been actively working in the city\nof Atlanta for 50 years. It's 53 now, but the last three years haven't been as\ngood to me as the 50 previous. I was honored by ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43811/file/116873#t=2100.0,2130.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43811/file/116873/transcript/41881/annotation/72","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Hadassah by being given the\nMyrtle Wreath Award. Did I tell you during my conversation that when I instilled\neverybody in Hadassah, I always tell them, \"Hadassah gave me two things. It gave\nme Elliott and it gave me Israel,\" because I only had one child then. I am very\nproud of my two sons. I don't want anything said that I'm not as equally proud\nof ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43811/file/116873#t=2130.0,2160.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43811/file/116873/transcript/41881/annotation/73","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"both of them. Teddy . . . Right now, Elliott being away from here so much,\nbeing a Congressman . . . Yesterday's telegram came cute from him. \"I regret I'm\nnot with you. I think it's the first time I'm away.\" He wrote on the telegram,\n\"If she's not at home, put the wire under the door.\" Later on, this thing from\nB'nai B'rith really made me a little . . . It shocked me so ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43811/file/116873#t=2160.0,2190.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43811/file/116873/transcript/41881/annotation/74","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"when Jack Balser\ncame with six men to see me. I looked at these six men coming and knocking on my\ndoor. I got shocked. I let them in on a Sunday morning, and that's what they\nasked me. They said, \"It's never been done in 100 years. The committee decided\nthat they want to honor you as the Man of the Year.\" I told them that I don't do\nanything without conferring with Teddy and Elliott. I'd confer with them and\nI'll let them know. I'm so deeply honored. I began crying. And they ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43811/file/116873#t=2190.0,2220.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43811/file/116873/transcript/41881/annotation/75","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"did, which\nwas a beautiful affair. I'm still very much honored.\n\nLIPSHUTZ: It was really quite a tribute. I remember it so well.\n\nLEVITAS: Yes, it was. Yes.\n\nLIPSHUTZ: Thank you very much. This is something, as I said at the beginning,\nsomething that we're recording for people . . .\n\nLEVITAS: I know.\n\nLIPSHUTZ: . . . for years to come to listen to and learn from.\n\nLEVITAS: What are you going to do with it?\n\nLIPSHUTZ: I don't know. I'm sure that it will be very meaningful to a lot of folks.\n\nLEVITAS: I'm taking these things over to what you call . . . ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43811/file/116873#t=2220.0,2250.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43811/file/116873/transcript/41881/annotation/76","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Did I show them to you?\n\nLIPSHUTZ: Yes, you did. These will be framed and displayed at the Federation. In\naddition to this Oral History that you've given us, we'll also have a great many\nof the documents which you've collected and . . .\n\nLEVITAS: I want to tell you, in the shul, in their place where they keep their\ndocuments, I gave them a letter from 1919 when Louis was president of the\nAtlanta Zionist Organization. They just couldn't get over it. How many years is\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43811/file/116873#t=2250.0,2280.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43811/file/116873/transcript/41881/annotation/77","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that, 1919?\n\nLIPSHUTZ: That's a lot of . . .\n\nLEVITAS: Long time ago.\n\nLIPSHUTZ: Long time.\n\nLEVITAS: [Unintelligible 38.04] is president now.\n\nLIPSHUTZ: Over 50 years, more than 50 years ago . . .\n\nLEVITAS: Yes. I gave it to them. They framed it and put it in there at that\ntime. I tell you, this doesn't have to be recorded but I tell you young man . . .\n\nLIPSHUTZ: Let's go ahead and record it.\n\nLEVITAS: We have an unusual family. The funny thing about it . . . A young\nfriend of mine said to me—when Max Groller [sp] came into our family—he says,\n\"You know, Ida this ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43811/file/116873#t=2280.0,2310.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43811/file/116873/transcript/41881/annotation/78","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"is unusual about your family. Even every one that marries\ninto your family is unusual.\" I never could make it out. There is one of them,\nmy Cousin, Bob Lipshutz.\n\nLIPSHUTZ: Thank you. We shouldn't have recorded that one, but thank you so much.\n\nLEVITAS: Yes. This is what is the truth. Max Groller came into the family at\nthat time and when she said . . . That is the truth, I'm not bragging. Bob will\nagree with me that there is something unusual about the ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43811/file/116873#t=2310.0,2340.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43811/file/116873/transcript/41881/annotation/79","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"family. I have a\nsister-in-law who married 55 years ago. My brother [Irving \"Ike\" I. Goldstein]\nis a very ordinary person. She's an outstanding pianist, a professional pianist,\nFannie—professional pianist. Even people like Bob, Max, and my daughter-in-law\n[Earlyne Adele Shankerman Levitas] that I lost, and every . . . and even this\nlady that Teddy's marrying is most unusual, most unusual. She's gone through the\nConservatory. She's got a business ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43811/file/116873#t=2340.0,2370.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43811/file/116873/transcript/41881/annotation/80","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that . . . she's preparing children for\ncollege. I mean, it's unusual in our family.\n\nLIPSHUTZ: It's nice to be part of it.\n\nLEVITAS: Didn't Teddy introduce you?\n\nLIPSHUTZ: Yes, Teddy introduced me to Barbara [Levitas].\n\nLEVITAS: Yes, that's right. That's what I thought. It's very interesting about\nthe family. One day we began talking about it. I'm not saying it with greed, I'm\nsaying it with pride.\n\nLIPSHUTZ: ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43811/file/116873#t=2370.0,2400.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43811/file/116873/transcript/41881/annotation/81","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"It's nice to know that not only the family in the literal sense is so\nlarge, but that you have a much bigger family in the whole community.\n\nLEVITAS: Thank you.\n\nS. LEVITAS: I wanted to bring the tape over to let you hear the one from last time.\n\nI. LEVITAS: I wanted to hear what I said the last time.\n\nS. LEVITAS: I listened back to it. There were things that you said that I . . .\n\nI. LEVITAS: I might have said some things wrong. That's the reason . . . we came\nto this country in 1905.\n\nS. LEVITAS: Yes, you said that. There was one thing you said that I was\nwondering about. You said that on the boat, on the way over, you were ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43811/file/116873#t=2400.0,2430.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43811/file/116873/transcript/41881/annotation/82","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"afraid. I\nwas wondering what you were afraid of?\n\nS. LEVITAS: I was afraid . . . My mother was sick on the boat.\n\nI. LEVITAS: What was she sick with?\n\nS. LEVITAS: I don't remember. She was sick but she lived a long time. I don't\nmean that she lived as long as Papa did but she died in 1928. I was already\nmarried. I'm the youngest child. Rose is the youngest. Rose is five years\nyounger than I am. [Mama] lived until 1928 and I married in 1922. She lived a\nlong time. I couldn't tell you what it ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43811/file/116873#t=2430.0,2460.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43811/file/116873/transcript/41881/annotation/83","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"was. We had a house full of people but we\nalways had Thomas. Thomas was always helpful. When it came Sukkos, our house was\nopen to the public. It was also open because Papa and Mama brought over Uncle\nAvrum Meyer and Aunt Indie. Irving was born in Europe and brought over here at\none year old. Mary Dinah and her husband, ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43811/file/116873#t=2460.0,2490.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43811/file/116873/transcript/41881/annotation/84","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Beryl came over the next year. It must\nhave been 1907 or 1908. They brought over Bert. Bert was born in Europe. He was\na year old. Sophie was born here in Atlanta.\n\nS. LEVITAS: When you were on the boat with your mother, was it just you and your mother?\n\nI. LEVITAS: No. [It was] me, my mother, and my brother Irving. Rose was a small\nlittle baby.\n\nS. LEVITAS: You were afraid because she was sick?\n\nI. LEVITAS: Mama wasn't well. I really don't know. If you say I said I was\nafraid, that was the only ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43811/file/116873#t=2490.0,2520.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43811/file/116873/transcript/41881/annotation/85","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"reason. I don't remember much of my trip.\n\nS. LEVITAS: Were you scared of coming to America?\n\nI. LEVITAS: No. I was anxious to come and see Papa. I was a young child. I was\nseven years, going to be eight years old. I was born in 1897. This was 1905. I\ndon't recall. I told it to Miss Epstein. I told it to somebody else and they\nsaid they remember everything from the time they were four years ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43811/file/116873#t=2520.0,2550.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43811/file/116873/transcript/41881/annotation/86","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"old. I don't. I\ndon't remember anything about the little city that I was born in. I remember\nvery little.\n\nS. LEVITAS: What are the things you remember about it?\n\nI. LEVITAS: Absolutely almost nothing except . . . I don't even remember getting\non the boat.\n\nS. LEVITAS: Do you remember anything about the house you lived in?\n\nI. LEVITAS: Yes, we had a nice house.\n\nS. LEVITAS: It was in a Jewish neighborhood?\n\nI. LEVITAS: No, I don't think so. I think it was in a ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43811/file/116873#t=2550.0,2580.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43811/file/116873/transcript/41881/annotation/87","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Polish neighborhood. We\nwere all born in the little town called Zabludova. It was near a big town where\nthere was 200,000 Jews that were killed in the Holocaust that Edith, Aaron, and\nShimon . . . Do you remember them?\n\nS. LEVITAS: Yes.\n\nI. LEVITAS: [Unintelligible 43.18] is named after Shimon. They lived in this big\ntown and their people were killed.\n\nS. LEVITAS: Is that Bialystok?\n\nI. LEVITAS: All were in Bialystok. The distance was so small that I said on ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43811/file/116873#t=2580.0,2610.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43811/file/116873/transcript/41881/annotation/88","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"my\nbirth certificate when I went to Israel, when I went to Europe . . . I said\nBialystok because Zabludova is not known. The other day Miss Epstein sent me an\narticle from the Jewish press and this article was in Yiddish. I read Yiddish\nand I write Yiddish all because my mother was so cultured and taught me all\nthese things. I could never learn this in school because, in my day, women\ndidn't go to Hebrew school. I had to have a ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43811/file/116873#t=2610.0,2640.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43811/file/116873/transcript/41881/annotation/89","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"private teacher.\n\nS. LEVITAS: You didn't go to school when you came here?\n\nI. LEVITAS: It's Hebrew school I'm talking about. I didn't go to any Russian\nschools. I knew nothing about Russian schools. If I know a few Russian sayings .\n. . Polish sayings, Russian sayings, or whatever you call them, it's because\n[Mama] mentioned them. I know a lot of Hebrew sayings. I know about 100 Hebrew\nsayings. It's because I learned it from my mother.\n\nS. LEVITAS: Can you remember right now any of those Polish or Russian sayings\nthat your mom might ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43811/file/116873#t=2640.0,2670.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43811/file/116873/transcript/41881/annotation/90","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"have said?\n\nI. LEVITAS: [Russian sentence 44.37] means, \"How do you feel?\"\n\nS. LEVITAS: Say it again?\n\nI. LEVITAS: [Russian sentence 44.43]. I don't know much about Russian. I don't\nremember anything. I really don't. Very little. Some people do, some don't. Reva\n[(Rebecca) Chashesman Epstein] says she remembers from the time she was four\nyears old. I don't even remember being met in New ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43811/file/116873#t=2670.0,2700.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43811/file/116873/transcript/41881/annotation/91","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"York. I don't remember being\nmet here at the train. I do know where we lived when we came here. When we moved\nin, we moved in 220 East First Street. That was right near Capitol Avenue. We\nlived there [in a] lovely house. An aunt of mine by the name of Mrs. London [sp]\nfrom Omaha, Nebraska came here to be with us and to teach us how to maneuver in\nAmerica. I remember that. She was ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43811/file/116873#t=2700.0,2730.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43811/file/116873/transcript/41881/annotation/92","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"a lovely person. She's responsible really for\nEdith and them to come here, but papa was willing for them to stay with us. The\nmoney . . . He didn't have to send for them. This aunt, Mrs. London, she gave\nthe money to send for them.\n\nS. LEVITAS: I see.\n\nI. LEVITAS: It's Mama's brother's children [and] grandchildren. It's Mama's\nside, not Goldstein. They're not Goldsteins. They're Golden. You ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43811/file/116873#t=2730.0,2760.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43811/file/116873/transcript/41881/annotation/93","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"know Ben and\nRuth Golden. That's the family they came from. My mother's name was Golden. That\nwas not the name when they came here.\n\nS. LEVITAS: What was her name in Europe?\n\nI. LEVITAS: Their name in Europe was Kot. I've got a Jewish book that a\nbrother—this boy's still living in Argentina—wrote in Yiddish, The Tragedy of\nGalvestuek [sp]. He ran away from home. He heard the Germans were ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43811/file/116873#t=2760.0,2790.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43811/file/116873/transcript/41881/annotation/94","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"coming, so he\nran away to the woods. His name was Israel, Israel Kot. He came running back and\nbegged his mother and father to let a little girl go. Her name was Rachel. The\nmother and father wouldn't let her go. They only had one girl, one little girl.\nThen the Germans came in and killed all of them. He went away. He went to Israel\nand he wrote this book. I ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43811/file/116873#t=2790.0,2820.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43811/file/116873/transcript/41881/annotation/95","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"have it. I can read it. I can read Yiddish and I can\nwrite it. I became close with my brother, Morris after Mama died in 1928 because\nhe appreciated me. I was already married and had a child. I had Teddy. He was\nabout . . . I married in 1922. That was six years. Mama died in 1928. I wrote\nhim in ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43811/file/116873#t=2820.0,2850.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43811/file/116873/transcript/41881/annotation/96","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Yiddish and that meant a lot to him. I took on the image of my mother to\nhim. He sends me money. Every piece of jewelry I ever had, he sent me. They\nrobbed me of my wedding band. One year we went away . . . In those days people\ndidn't rob the houses. I went away with Teddy. Louis and I went to Miami to\nspend the summer. We came back . . .\n\nS. LEVITAS: When was this?\n\nI. LEVITAS: This could have been ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43811/file/116873#t=2850.0,2880.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43811/file/116873/transcript/41881/annotation/97","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"right after Mama died in 1929. I came back. I\nlived at 470 9th Street then. I came back and they had robbed me all over and\ntook my wedding ring. I was foolish to leave it there, but who thought about it?\nNobody thought about being robbed. So he sent me . . . Morris—they were in the\njewelry business. They still are. He sent me a ring. He sent me a new wedding\nband. My old ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43811/file/116873#t=2880.0,2910.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43811/file/116873/transcript/41881/annotation/98","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"one—your sister has it. Karin has it.\n\nS. LEVITAS: That's right.\n\nI. LEVITAS: With my name, from LJL to IGL. She's got it. He sent me one with\nlittle diamonds in it. When I came in with my finger, he says, right away, \"Let\nme take the rings off. They'll swell.\" It hasn't swollen.\n\nS. LEVITAS: It hasn't swollen?\n\nI. LEVITAS: Oh, yes, it's swelled ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43811/file/116873#t=2910.0,2940.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43811/file/116873/transcript/41881/annotation/99","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"since then. You couldn't get it on here. This\nis numb. It's still very numb.\n\nS. LEVITAS: I remember. So, her name was Kot?\n\nI. LEVITAS: Yes. You know what our name was, the Goldstein name? My grandfather\nwas Kavalerisky. Some called themselves Kavelier. My Uncle Charlie, Abe\nGoldstein's father, came to America as a young boy. He married here in ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43811/file/116873#t=2940.0,2970.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43811/file/116873/transcript/41881/annotation/100","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Atlanta.\nHe came from the same place, around Bialystok, and he took the name Goldstein. I\nimagine he took it because somebody helped him come to America, they made him a\nson of theirs, and their name was Goldstein. I imagine. I don't know if that's\nthe truth or not.\n\nS. LEVITAS: You don't know who gave the name?\n\nI. LEVITAS: No, I don't really know. Then they changed . . . Sidney changed it\nto Kavalier. Sidney was the one. Not here. In America—in New ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43811/file/116873#t=2970.0,3000.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43811/file/116873/transcript/41881/annotation/101","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"York—a hundred\nyears ago, two brothers came here from the same part of the country and their\nname was Kavalerisky.\n\nS. LEVITAS: They were our people.\n\nI. LEVITAS: They changed it to Kavalier, That's long before we came here.\n\nS. LEVITAS: Who were they?\n\nI. LEVITAS: I'm telling you, cousins. One boy . . . I saw them one time when I\nwas a young girl. I went to visit an aunt of mine—whose name was Marenberg—and\nthe oldest daughter took me [to] ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43811/file/116873#t=3000.0,3030.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43811/file/116873/transcript/41881/annotation/102","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Harlem, in New York, to meet this family.\n\nS. LEVITAS: What was Harlem like back then?\n\nI. LEVITAS: I wouldn't know. I don't remember. I have no idea.\n\nS. LEVITAS: You didn't feel afraid?\n\nI. LEVITAS: They had a store there. His name was Henry, Henry Kavalier. That's\nthe first Kavalier I ever met. Later in life, when Sidney took the name of\nKavalier, they begged Marvin and Joe. Bennie from Nashville took the name ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43811/file/116873#t=3030.0,3060.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43811/file/116873/transcript/41881/annotation/103","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"of\nKavalier before he went into the army. He was a captain in the army.\n\nS. LEVITAS: So, how did Kavalier go to Goldstein?\n\nI. LEVITAS: Goldstein was taken on by this uncle of mine when he crossed the\nocean with the family that brought him to America. They were Goldsteins, so he\ntook the name of Goldstein and he kept it. That's nothing unusual. Your\ngrandfather, great grandfather, Mr. Solomon, has the longest name. Solomon\nwasn't their name. You ask ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43811/file/116873#t=3060.0,3090.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43811/file/116873/transcript/41881/annotation/104","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"somebody in the family what his name was. It's a name\nthis big, like Kavalerisky—big name. Ninety percent of our people don't have\ntheir original names that came over from Poland, Russia, or Austria. There were\nno Cohens over there or Smiths over there. All the Smith families—that wasn't\ntheir name. There are no Smiths in Europe. So, this Uncle Charlie, ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43811/file/116873#t=3090.0,3120.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43811/file/116873/transcript/41881/annotation/105","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"he brought\nover Papa. He brought over all the rest of the family. He came to Atlanta. He\ncame first to Texas. I don't know how he got to Texas. Then he came to Atlanta.\nHe was prosperous. You know, our people are ambitious. That's the reason the\nnon-Jewish people are always jealous of us because our people were ambitious.\nPapa used to peddle with a pack on the back. You've got a pack on your back. He\nused to tell me that it was so ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43811/file/116873#t=3120.0,3150.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43811/file/116873/transcript/41881/annotation/106","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"hot sometimes near Fort McPherson. They would\ngive him eggs. He would hold them in his hand, or put them in his pocket, and\nthey would boil. That's how hot it was. That's what he told me. They all made a\nsuccess. Papa made a success. He built some little houses on Connally Street and\nwe lived there. We had a grocery store later but that wasn't really our\nbusiness. Papa was a peddler and then ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43811/file/116873#t=3150.0,3180.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43811/file/116873/transcript/41881/annotation/107","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"he retired. He built the houses and Thomas\ncame to live with us. He built a sukkah in the back. We had a cow. We had\nchickens. He lived with us. I went to Fair Street School.\n\nS. LEVITAS: What was that like, going to school back then?\n\nI. LEVITAS: Wonderful.\n\nS. LEVITAS: Were there lots of Jewish people?\n\nI. LEVITAS: Yes, sure. I have a picture—it's broke in two—from the eighth\ngrade. In those days the grammar school had eight grades. I skipped the sixth\ngrade. I skipped third ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43811/file/116873#t=3180.0,3210.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43811/file/116873/transcript/41881/annotation/108","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"grade at Fair Street School not far from Grady.\n\nS. LEVITAS: Were you smart?\n\nI. LEVITAS: The Bonds lived near us. The Tennenbaums lived near us.\n\nS. LEVITAS: Were you smart? You made A's?\n\nI. LEVITAS: Very. I don't know what the marks were like but I never took finals.\nWe called them finals.\n\nS. LEVITAS: Did you ever get punished for being bad?\n\nI. LEVITAS: No.\n\nS. LEVITAS: You were never bad?\n\nI. LEVITAS: No, never. Later, one of the women that ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43811/file/116873#t=3210.0,3240.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43811/file/116873/transcript/41881/annotation/109","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"became superintendent of the\nAtlanta Public School—it was before your time, in your mother's time—was Ira\nJarrell. Ira Jarrell went to public school with me. She's dead. [unintelligible\n54.13]. She was superintendent of the Atlanta Public School and I went to school\nwith her.\n\nS. LEVITAS: When you said that back in Europe you had . . . Where was it that\nyou had . . . Was it in America that you had private tutors for Hebrew?\n\nI. LEVITAS: What?\n\nS. LEVITAS: Private tutor for teaching ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43811/file/116873#t=3240.0,3270.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43811/file/116873/transcript/41881/annotation/110","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Hebrew?\n\nI. LEVITAS: Yes, I did, Mr. Smith. He was Jewish. He's got children—I mean\nnieces and nephews—in Atlanta right now. His brother is an outstanding doctor.\n\nS. LEVITAS: How long did you study with him?\n\nI. LEVITAS: He used to come all the way to Connally Street and give me a lesson\nonce a week.\n\nS. LEVITAS: How did you do? Were you good?\n\nI. LEVITAS: I did alright. After all, I was a young girl. I don't remember. In\nmy later years, when I went to work at the [Jewish Educational] Alliance as a\nsocial worker, I had some very nice ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43811/file/116873#t=3270.0,3300.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43811/file/116873/transcript/41881/annotation/111","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"men that were outstanding social workers.\nThey helped me to learn. I took some special lessons in social work because the\nFirst World War began. I had to take over the Alliance work because all the men\nhad to go to war.\n\nS. LEVITAS: That must have been unbelievable as a woman.\n\nI. LEVITAS: Very. We had a lot of experiences then because I was in charge. Ida\nGoldstein, secretary. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43811/file/116873#t=3300.0,3330.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43811/file/116873/transcript/41881/annotation/112","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"You saw the book where they gave me the dinner when I left\nthem and the chest of silver. You saw that. You saw my wedding book.\n\nS. LEVITAS: Were there people that you knew from there that were killed in the war?\n\nI. LEVITAS: In the First World War? A lot of people were killed but we didn't\nhave any. My brother Irving was in the First World War. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43811/file/116873#t=3330.0,3360.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43811/file/116873/transcript/41881/annotation/113","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"He never went to Europe.\nHe was here. We had a camp right here, Fort McPherson and Camp Gordon. He was\nhere in Atlanta. I was very active with the USO [United Service Organization].\n\nS. LEVITAS: What did you do with them?\n\nI. LEVITAS: There were soldiers. As a matter of fact I have a cousin here by the\nname of Anna Levin who I sent a soldier to their house ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43811/file/116873#t=3360.0,3390.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43811/file/116873/transcript/41881/annotation/114","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"to eat on Friday night.\nHe was an officer, a doctor, Dr. Eli Levin. She married him. They lived in East\nChicago and she lives here now. She's mother-in-law of Bob Lipshutz. Her\ndaughter [Barbara Levin Lipshutz] died young, at 40.\n\nS. LEVITAS: So, what did you do with the USO?\n\nI. LEVITAS: We sent boys out to homes to eat. We arranged affairs for them and\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43811/file/116873#t=3390.0,3420.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43811/file/116873/transcript/41881/annotation/115","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"dances. The Alliance was like the AJCC. It had a dance hall. It had a library. I\nworked with . . . Eugene Debs was in federal prison here because he was a\nsocialist. Socialism was barred. It was an offense to be a socialist. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43811/file/116873#t=3420.0,3450.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43811/file/116873/transcript/41881/annotation/116","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"He was\nrunning for the socialist member of government of president of the United\nStates. They put him in jail. He became a very dear friend of mine because there\nwere about 100 Jews, all conscientious objectors, who were put in prison. I used\nto go to federal prison all the time . . .\n\nS. LEVITAS: . . . and visit him.\n\nI. LEVITAS: . . . and visit him. We had a seder there. I met my husband in the\nAlliance. I met my husband because ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43811/file/116873#t=3450.0,3480.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43811/file/116873/transcript/41881/annotation/117","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"he used to go to work in federal prison. He\nused to conduct Sunday school classes there in federal prison.\n\nS. LEVITAS: What was it like visiting with Eugene Debs?\n\nI. LEVITAS: Very interesting. I have a picture here of him. He was a remarkable\nman. He came from Indiana. He was put . . . The first present I got when I\nmarried was from his secretary, Miss Lewis. She ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43811/file/116873#t=3480.0,3510.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43811/file/116873/transcript/41881/annotation/118","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"used to . . . Not his secretary,\nthe secretary of the American Federation of Labor that sponsored him . . . They\nsent him a lot of things. We had a farm where good behavior prisoners could go.\nThis farm was in McDonough, Georgia. I used to go there with this Miss Lewis.\nWe'd rent a car and go over there. Eugene Debs was allowed to stay at the honor\nfarm. I ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43811/file/116873#t=3510.0,3540.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43811/file/116873/transcript/41881/annotation/119","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"enjoyed him immensely. I taught when I was at the Alliance . . . You\nwant to know about me, I taught English to foreigners for years. I took an\nexamination for the Board of Education. They paid me. Those were before the\nvolunteer days. My volunteer years are 59, but between ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43811/file/116873#t=3540.0,3570.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43811/file/116873/transcript/41881/annotation/120","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"1915 and 1922—when I\nmarried—I worked for money these years. After that . . .\n\nS. LEVITAS: That wasn't very usual for a women.\n\nI. LEVITAS: Oh, yes it was.\n\nS. LEVITAS: It was?\n\nI. LEVITAS: Yes, it was. We had a lot of them like that. By being there I took\nan examination from the Atlanta Board of Education. They paid me too. I taught\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43811/file/116873#t=3570.0,3600.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43811/file/116873/transcript/41881/annotation/121","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"English to foreigners. It's the reason I felt so badly since I had the fever. I\nhaven't been able to do enough work with Russian Jewry [but] I'm a perfect\nperson to do it because I talk Yiddish. I couldn't do it because I was running a\ntemperature. I haven't been feeling well for two years. I haven't been feeling\nwell, so I didn't undertake that. I still do ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43811/file/116873#t=3600.0,3630.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43811/file/116873/transcript/41881/annotation/122","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"things for organizations that I can\ndo on the phone. [I] collect money for the Welfare Fund, for the Hadassah\nmembers that haven't paid . . . [I] call up or anything I can do that I can\ntalk. Since this has happened, I can't talk on the phone much because this hand\n. . .\n\nS. LEVITAS: When Eugene Debs was running for president, were you supporting him?\n\nI. LEVITAS: No, I don't remember that. I only remember him coming to the Atlanta\nFederal ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43811/file/116873#t=3630.0,3660.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43811/file/116873/transcript/41881/annotation/123","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Penitentiary.\n\nS. LEVITAS: Did you believe in what he believed in?\n\nI. LEVITAS: I didn't really know too much about believing and not believing. I\nknew that socialist was treif. Socialism was treif. It was the Red's party. Do\nyou get the point? Down the street from us was the Arbeiter Ring. That's a\nJewish organization that believes in socialism. Many times when I was at the\nAlliance, [at] 90 Capitol Avenue, they would come and ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43811/file/116873#t=3660.0,3690.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43811/file/116873/transcript/41881/annotation/124","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"tell me that the police\nwere going over there. They watched them—that they were socialists. Socialism\nwas not kosher.\n\nS. LEVITAS: Is that right. Why not?\n\nI. LEVITAS: That's the reason he was in jail. Why do you think they put him\nthere? Not because he did anything wrong. He believed in socialism, which was .\n. . it's outlawed even now.\n\nS. LEVITAS: I know.\n\nI. LEVITAS: The things that I ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43811/file/116873#t=3690.0,3720.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43811/file/116873/transcript/41881/annotation/125","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"liked in later years of my life—recent years—I\nmean 15 or 20 years ago . . . There were members in our congregation that didn't\nmind when they used to say, \"If it wasn't for Ms. Levitas, I wouldn't know\nEnglish.\" It pleased me because they were not ashamed. They were businessmen\nthat made a big success. It was already . . . 15 years ago, I was already\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43811/file/116873#t=3720.0,3750.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43811/file/116873/transcript/41881/annotation/126","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"married 30 or 40 years—more than 40 years. They didn't mind it. One of them\njust died. He was just crazy about me, Mr. Garmer [sp].\n\nS. LEVITAS: When you said that your mom was cultured and that's why you learned\neverything, had she gone to school?\n\nI. LEVITAS: She went to Europe and when she came to America, you wouldn't\nbelieve it. She went to night school.\n\nS. LEVITAS: Is that right? Your father didn't mind it?\n\nI. LEVITAS: What?\n\nS. LEVITAS: Did your father encourage ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43811/file/116873#t=3750.0,3780.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43811/file/116873/transcript/41881/annotation/127","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that?\n\nI. LEVITAS: He didn't care. He didn't go. He was the kind . . . he studied his\nTalmud. He wasn't working anymore after that much. He used to sit on the porch\nand read the Torah that you see there. We were living on Washington Street\nalready then. I was raised on Connally Street. I went to high school from\nConnally Street. We used to walk.\n\nS. LEVITAS: He was a chain smoker, right?\n\nI. LEVITAS: No, he wasn't.\n\nS. LEVITAS: Who was the . . .\n\nI. LEVITAS: My ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43811/file/116873#t=3780.0,3810.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43811/file/116873/transcript/41881/annotation/128","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"brother, Irving was maybe.\n\nS. LEVITAS: Was my great-grandfather [Shmuel Yankel/Samuel Jacob Goldstein], then?\n\nI. LEVITAS: I don't think so. I used to be scared because he used to like to\ntake cigarettes at night but he wasn't a chain smoker. Irving might have been. I\ndon't really know. I don't know of anybody in our family that was a chain\nsmoker. I know I never smoked and Rose never smoked. And Irving . . .\n\nS. LEVITAS: Did you ever try a cigarette?\n\nI. LEVITAS: Never.\n\nS. LEVITAS: Never.\n\nI. LEVITAS: Irving married ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43811/file/116873#t=3810.0,3840.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43811/file/116873/transcript/41881/annotation/129","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"well because Fannie was a high class girl, a\nmusician. They produced this wonderful son, Stanley. Did you know that Stanley\nis now living in Boston?\n\nS. LEVITAS: Yes.\n\nI. LEVITAS: Rachel sees Steven and Betsy.\n\nS. LEVITAS: What was it like when Leo Frank was around, the Leo Frank case?\n\nI. LEVITAS: I didn't know a great deal about ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43811/file/116873#t=3840.0,3870.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43811/file/116873/transcript/41881/annotation/130","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"it too much except that Louis, my\nhusband . . . I wasn't married yet. Louis used to go to jail to see him a lot.\nJail was not far from us. It was walking distance. He was already courting me\nthen. One time he took me with him particularly because . . . I knew his whole\nfamily. His wife used to work at Alliance for years after he was . . .\n\nS. LEVITAS: What was the whole trial ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43811/file/116873#t=3870.0,3900.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43811/file/116873/transcript/41881/annotation/131","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"about?\n\nI. LEVITAS: They accused him of murdering this Mary Phagan.\n\nS. LEVITAS: Why did they accuse him?\n\nI. LEVITAS: Because he worked in this pencil factory.\n\nS. LEVITAS: And she was murdered there?\n\nI. LEVITAS: Yes. They found her dead there and he was a Jew. He was, I think,\npresident of B'nai B'rith at one time.\n\nS. LEVITAS: Whatever happened with him?\n\nI. LEVITAS: They lynched him. They took him out of ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43811/file/116873#t=3900.0,3930.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43811/file/116873/transcript/41881/annotation/132","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"jail and lynched him. The\nfunny part . . . the reason I went with Grandpa to see him—with my husband\n[who] was single then—was because my eighth grade teacher's father was the\njailer. Lovely people.\n\nS. LEVITAS: Why did they allow them to lynch him?\n\nI. LEVITAS: Honey, they didn't know they took him out. Why do they allow\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43811/file/116873#t=3930.0,3960.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43811/file/116873/transcript/41881/annotation/133","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"somebody to kill somebody else?\n\nS. LEVITAS: They broke in?\n\nI. LEVITAS: That's not a really smart question. How do they take people out of\nthe house and kill them here now? They just took him out of jail, took him to\nthe woods, and hung him. Nobody knew. If the people there would have known, they\nwouldn't have let them in. Just like they do it this day—kill people. Like they\nfound a girl chained to a tree ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43811/file/116873#t=3960.0,3990.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43811/file/116873/transcript/41881/annotation/134","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"recently in one part of Georgia. Did you read\nabout that?\n\nS. LEVITAS: Yes. You went and visited with him only once?\n\nI. LEVITAS: Just one time, but I knew his wife [Lucille Selig Frank] real well.\nHe had no children. His wife was a Selig and her sister ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43811/file/116873#t=3990.0,4020.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43811/file/116873/transcript/41881/annotation/135","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"was a Marcus and the\nMarcuses were very prominent people here in Atlanta. Ms. Marcus died recently.\nHarold is still a very prominent man. They were prominent men. They were Reform Jewry.\n\nS. LEVITAS: Were you active in politics? Did you ever campaign for people?\n\nI. LEVITAS: No, not in a lifetime.\n\nS. LEVITAS: Were your parents? Did they vote?\n\nI. LEVITAS: They voted. Your great-grandfather—he thought voting was the\ngreatest thing. He voted at ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43811/file/116873#t=4020.0,4050.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43811/file/116873/transcript/41881/annotation/136","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"95. They sent a car after him. Fortunately,\neverybody in my family . . . all the females in my family, my mother, my sister,\nmy sister-in-laws, three of them—Fannie is living—three of them all died under\n70—all of them. That is young for these ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43811/file/116873#t=4050.0,4080.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43811/file/116873/transcript/41881/annotation/137","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"days. All of them died young. He lived\nto be 106 and he was alert until he died. When he was 105 . . .\n\nS. LEVITAS: Did he still vote?\n\nI. LEVITAS: He went to vote at 105. They would send for him. Rabbi Epstein would\nstop by the porch every day to see him and talk to him. He lived on the same street.\n\nS. LEVITAS: Did we have any musicians in our family?\n\nI. LEVITAS: I don't ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43811/file/116873#t=4080.0,4110.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43811/file/116873/transcript/41881/annotation/138","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"think so. Fannie came into the family.\n\nS. LEVITAS: But not long ago in Europe or anything?\n\nI. LEVITAS: No.\n\nS. LEVITAS: Did your mom ever sing to you?\n\nI. LEVITAS: Jewish songs.\n\nS. LEVITAS: Do you remember any of them? I'd love to learn them.\n\nI. LEVITAS: Yes, I'd have to think about it. Several little Jewish songs that I\nknow. Right now, I don't really know right now.\n\nS. LEVITAS: If you remember them I'd love to hear them.\n\nI. LEVITAS: I'd ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43811/file/116873#t=4110.0,4140.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43811/file/116873/transcript/41881/annotation/139","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"love to remember one or two of them. I can't think right now.\nWhen I do, I'm going to write them down so I can give them to you. I remember a\ncouple of them. They're like little, what do you call children's . . . ? Lullabies.\n\nS. LEVITAS: I'd love to learn them. I ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43811/file/116873#t=4140.0,4170.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43811/file/116873/transcript/41881/annotation/140","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"remember one that Dad taught me.\n\nI. LEVITAS: What is that?\n\nS. LEVITAS: That Too-Ra-Loo-Ra-Loo-Ral song. That's Irish.\n\nI. LEVITAS: That's not the one that I'm thinking about. I knew a couple of them\nreal well but I can't think right now. I'll have to think about them and mark\nthem down. I knew them real well. Naturally, my mind is not as clear. Thank God\nthat it's clearer than it was. I found a bunch of things in that bottom drawer\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43811/file/116873#t=4170.0,4200.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43811/file/116873/transcript/41881/annotation/141","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"since I'm sick. I don't know who put them in that bottom drawer. The\ndope—medicine that they gave me for the pain—made me kind of absent-minded. I\nknow that a couple of people came here to help me. Maybe they put them in there.\nI don't know. This happened since this accident. When I can think . . . people\nat my age become senile. I just pray that I ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43811/file/116873#t=4200.0,4230.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43811/file/116873/transcript/41881/annotation/142","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"die before that happens to me.\nSenility is the worst thing that can happen to a human being. Getting . . .\nfalling, dying, falling asleep and dying . . . We're born to die. Rabbi Epstein,\nhis first words, I believe, for either Yom Kippur or Rosh Ha-Shanah, were,\n\"We're born to die.\" It states in the Bible that we were born to die. That's\nnothing. To become senile, that's a tragedy.\n\nS. LEVITAS: Are you afraid of death at ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43811/file/116873#t=4230.0,4260.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43811/file/116873/transcript/41881/annotation/143","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"all?\n\nI. LEVITAS: No, but I'm afraid of senility. When I forget the name . . . For\ninstance, I forget it . . . I'm taking vitamins now. I never used to take them.\nI'm taking vitamins now. I have to put some signs out to remember the word\n\"vitamins.\" I can't think of the words. When I think of it, I'm proud of ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43811/file/116873#t=4260.0,4290.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43811/file/116873/transcript/41881/annotation/144","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"myself.\nMy mind is functioning. Do you understand? Or a name, if I saw a name over there\nand I didn't know who they were. I'm proud of myself. I'm afraid of nothing in\nlife except senility. If I die, I've got to die. Everybody's got to die. Nobody\nlives forever.\n\nS. LEVITAS: What do you believe happens when we die?\n\nI. LEVITAS: I don't know. I have no idea. I haven't given it any thought.\n\nS. LEVITAS: Ever?\n\nI. LEVITAS: No. I've gone to funerals ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43811/file/116873#t=4290.0,4320.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43811/file/116873/transcript/41881/annotation/145","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"hundreds of times. I've seen what happens\nto them. They're put in the graves and that's all.\n\nS. LEVITAS: There's no life after death?\n\nI. LEVITAS: Look how many people I've buried. I'm one out of seven children that\nwere alive. Mom really had nine. Two were stillborn. One was between me and Rose\nand one was between me . . . Mama had really six sons but they were either\nstillborn or died right away. I even know their names, their Jewish names. Mama\ntold me. All of these things Mama told me. There isn't anybody in my ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43811/file/116873#t=4320.0,4350.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43811/file/116873/transcript/41881/annotation/146","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"family that\nknows anything about the Goldstein family but me. My cousin Abe [Goldstein] is\naround my age. He doesn't know one thing. I asked him the other day, \"What was\nyour grandfather's name?\" He says, \"I don't know.\" About six months ago I was\nthere. I said, \"You don't know it?\" I said, \"Your sister, Kate, from New\nYork—Kate Silver—her husband is ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43811/file/116873#t=4350.0,4380.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43811/file/116873/transcript/41881/annotation/147","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"still living and he's getting senile.\" He's a\nplastic surgeon. He's not practicing anymore. He said, \"I don't know.\" I said,\n\"Do you know that your daughter Kate was named after Grandpa when we got a\nmessage from Europe?\" I never knew him. I never knew a grandfather or a\ngrandmother. We got a message that he died. His name was Koppel [sp]. So she was\nnamed Kalese [sp] translated from Koppel to ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43811/file/116873#t=4380.0,4410.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43811/file/116873/transcript/41881/annotation/148","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Kalese. Her name is Kate. Everybody\nin our family has a Copel [sp]. Elliott . . . Teddy is Teddy Copel, T.C. Marvin\nis M.C., Marvin Copel. Daniel is Daniel Copel. Daniel is Sonny, the one that\ndied. David, was David Copel. He lived the longest. He lived a long ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43811/file/116873#t=4410.0,4440.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43811/file/116873/transcript/41881/annotation/149","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"time. He\nlived to almost a hundred. I never knew him though.\n\nS. LEVITAS: There was something else. I know what I was going to ask you. If you\nlooked back on your life, what would you say are the happiest things that\nhappened to you? Did you have a happy life?\n\nI. LEVITAS: I had a very happy life. I wasn't too popular but I had a very happy\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43811/file/116873#t=4440.0,4470.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43811/file/116873/transcript/41881/annotation/150","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"girlhood. I was never ugly. My hair has never been touched up. My skin is the\nnicest one in the family. They stopped me on the streets and say, \"What do you\nuse for your skin?\" I say, \"Nothing. Soap and water.\" Then I began working at\nthe Alliance. That was the center of all things in Atlanta. Everybody admired me\nand liked me. The worst boy I had in the Alliance was ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43811/file/116873#t=4470.0,4500.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43811/file/116873/transcript/41881/annotation/151","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Meyer Balser—one of the\nworst boys. There was a group of them. They would gamble. They would break\nwindows in the kitchen. Look what happened. Meyer's one of the nicest citizens\nin the city of Atlanta. I used to have to take him to . . . I had bunch of boys\nthat I had to take to juvenile court.\n\nS. LEVITAS: He had to go?\n\nI. LEVITAS: I had to go with them, yes, and commit them and stay there. I would\ntell the boys . . . I would tell the mothers that the children broke the windows\nat the Alliance. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43811/file/116873#t=4500.0,4530.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43811/file/116873/transcript/41881/annotation/152","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I tried not to call the police. A lot of things they helped me\nwith. A man came in there one day . . . I did want to tell you about after I\nbecame . . . I've been a volunteer for 59 years. In my volunteer days I went\nback to teaching. I taught for several [years]. I didn't drive. Everything I did\nI had to be picked up. I used to teach at Grant Park School. You know Grant Park\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43811/file/116873#t=4530.0,4560.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43811/file/116873/transcript/41881/annotation/153","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"because it became one of the first integrated schools. I used to help out the\nteachers—a teacher's helper. That's what I was. I loved it.\n\nS. LEVITAS: How were Jewish-black relations back then?\n\nI. LEVITAS: It wasn't too bad. It wasn't too bad at all. We lived . . . The\nlittle houses that papa had around the corner from where we lived were black\npeople and we got along wonderful. You know Thomas lived with us over 50 ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43811/file/116873#t=4560.0,4590.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43811/file/116873/transcript/41881/annotation/154","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"years.\nIt's bad now but it wasn't bad then.\n\nS. LEVITAS: You say that you had a very full, happy life.\n\nI. LEVITAS: Very satisfying life. Things weren't dangerous. I used to be able to\nwalk from Connally Street to Capitol Avenue at night and teach. We would have\ndances there during the war. I was able to go there, meet people, and dance with\nthem. I was in charge then because all the men had gone to war.\n\nS. LEVITAS: Did you date other people before ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43811/file/116873#t=4590.0,4620.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43811/file/116873/transcript/41881/annotation/155","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"deciding to marry Grandpa?\n\nI. LEVITAS: Oh, yes. I dated a rabbi that we had on Washington [Street]. I\nalmost married him, Dr. Solomon. He lived in the same house with my husband,\nLouis, on Pryor Street.\n\nS. LEVITAS: Were you happy in your marriage?\n\nI. LEVITAS: Yes. Little ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43811/file/116873#t=4620.0,4650.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43811/file/116873/transcript/41881/annotation/156","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"problems come along all the time. He resented that I did\nso much work because he did it. He was very big in AZA. AZA chapter that they\nhonor every year . . . When your children and your children's children will go,\nthere will still be a Louis J. Levitas chapter. They give a trophy every year,\nthe L. J. Levitas trophy. He was the only English-speaking Jew ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43811/file/116873#t=4650.0,4680.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43811/file/116873/transcript/41881/annotation/157","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"in Atlanta that\ncould take care of the services when Rabbi Epstein went away for vacation\nbecause he came from England.\n\nS. LEVITAS: So he acted as a rabbi sometimes?\n\nI. LEVITAS: He acted as a rabbi, as a volunteer.\n\nS. LEVITAS: He sometimes resented that you were doing the same thing?\n\nI. LEVITAS: He resented that I did so much work. I was president of Hadassah. I\nwas very active in the synagogue. I was active in many other things. I told you\nI taught. I don't regret a thing I did because I enjoyed doing things. I enjoyed\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43811/file/116873#t=4680.0,4710.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43811/file/116873/transcript/41881/annotation/158","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"it. I always had people that picked me up. We lived on Park Drive already then.\nThis is . . . I lived 22 years or 23 since I moved away from there. We had a\nvery bad furnace, called a Coke furnace. C-O-K-E. These would go out.\n\nS. LEVITAS: What is that?\n\nI. LEVITAS: Coke is something like coal but it doesn't last like a coal furnace.\n\nS. LEVITAS: What ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43811/file/116873#t=4710.0,4740.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43811/file/116873/transcript/41881/annotation/159","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"do you use? What kind of material?\n\nI. LEVITAS: Coke. Coke is like coal.\n\nS. LEVITAS: Coke is a kind of coal?\n\nI. LEVITAS: Yes, but it doesn't last as long as coal. The women would come in\nand help me make the furnace. I went all the way to Washington Street to a\nmeeting and locked the door. I had a maid. Everybody had maids in those days.\nEverybody had maids. If I didn't have a maid, they would come in and help me. I\nloved everything I did.\n\nS. LEVITAS: You've seen a lot of changes. You've ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43811/file/116873#t=4740.0,4770.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43811/file/116873/transcript/41881/annotation/160","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"seen two world wars, the coming\nof TV, and technology . . .\n\nI. LEVITAS: We had no TV whatsoever. We had . . . Fannie used to play, as a\ngirl. She used to play for these dances. Fannie did.\n\nS. LEVITAS: Did you go to dances when you were young?\n\nI. LEVITAS: Yes, [at] 90 Capitol Avenue, for the soldiers.\n\nS. LEVITAS: They were ballroom dances?\n\nI. LEVITAS: Yes.\n\nS. LEVITAS: Do you remember any Jewish dances that you used to do?\n\nI. LEVITAS: Kazatsky ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43811/file/116873#t=4770.0,4800.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43811/file/116873/transcript/41881/annotation/161","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"is like, you dance around—the Israeli dance. It's called\nthe kazatsky.\n\nS. LEVITAS: They'd do it and hold hands.\n\nI. LEVITAS: They used to do it all the time at a wedding. They used to also\ndance that Russian . . . low, with their feet back and forth.\n\nS. LEVITAS: Like when they'd stand up and do like this?\n\nI. LEVITAS: Yes.\n\nS. LEVITAS: Was that a Jewish tradition too?\n\nI. LEVITAS: Yes.\n\nS. LEVITAS: When ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43811/file/116873#t=4800.0,4830.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43811/file/116873/transcript/41881/annotation/162","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"they held hands, what would they do? Did they sing? Do you\nremember . . .\n\nI. LEVITAS: No.\n\nS. LEVITAS: . . . if they sung anything special?\n\nI. LEVITAS: I don't know. I really don't. But they all . . . dancing was one of\nthe biggest things that they used to like to come and see, come and do—the\nsoldiers. They were from all over the United States. We had the 82nd Division\nhere in Atlanta. We used to ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43811/file/116873#t=4830.0,4860.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43811/file/116873/transcript/41881/annotation/163","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"have the seder. We used to have holidays. We sent\nsoldiers away to people's houses to feed.\n\nS. LEVITAS: Did you ever travel once you had come to America?\n\nI. LEVITAS: Yes, when I was a girl, a big girl, not when I was a child. When I\nwas working at the Alliance I had two to three weeks [of] vacation. I went up to\nMaine. Aunt Mary Dinah lived in Maine, Bangor, Maine. I visited them ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43811/file/116873#t=4860.0,4890.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43811/file/116873/transcript/41881/annotation/164","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"there.\nBeryl [Benjamin Liss], her husband, Bert's father, Harlan's father, was a\nchazzan [and] shochet and he lived in Bangor, Maine. I visited there. I had\ncousins in New York [City]. I went there many times.\n\nS. LEVITAS: How was New York? Did you like it then?\n\nI. LEVITAS: I was crazy about New York. I still like New York better than any\nother city.\n\nS. LEVITAS: How come?\n\nI. LEVITAS: I just like it. I like to go to their shows. I still do. We went to\nFlorida a ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43811/file/116873#t=4890.0,4920.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43811/file/116873/transcript/41881/annotation/165","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"lot with the children. I never cared for it because I never swam.\nLouis was a good swimmer, so he took care of the children. I wasn't a swimmer. I\ndidn't swim. I don't care about the water.\n\nS. LEVITAS: Do you like the mountains?\n\nI. LEVITAS: It's a good thing I don't like it because I haven't been in the tub\nin a couple of weeks. I have to wash my face with one hand.\n\nS. LEVITAS: Do you like mountains?\n\nI. LEVITAS: No, I never liked mountains. Louis used to like it. He and another\nfather . . . He would take Teddy and the other father would take ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43811/file/116873#t=4920.0,4950.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43811/file/116873/transcript/41881/annotation/166","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"somebody else.\nI don't know who it was. They'd go up in the mountains. He would take Teddy a\nlot of times and leave me—there's seven years difference—and leave me with\nElliott. I lived on Ponce de Leon Avenue then and he would leave me with\nElliott. He would take him up to conventions, New York Life [Insurance Company]\nconventions and Metropolitan [Life Insurance] at one time, Metropolitan Life\n[Insurance Company] ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43811/file/116873#t=4950.0,4980.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43811/file/116873/transcript/41881/annotation/167","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"conventions . . . He always took the children along with him\nwhenever he went. He was a wonderful father. He liked to take the children. As I\nsaid to you, he thought I did too many things. I didn't care. I did them just\nthe same.\n\nS. LEVITAS: You did them anyway.\n\nI. LEVITAS: Yes, I liked what I did. There was a girl. Her name was Pat. I don't\nknow her last name. She isn't Jewish. She's working for the Federation\nnationally. She came to Atlanta to ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43811/file/116873#t=4980.0,5010.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43811/file/116873/transcript/41881/annotation/168","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"interview some people because they were going\nto have spots on television . . . Federation . . .\n\n[phone rings, interview stops, then resumes]\n\nS. LEVITAS: Louis knew English.\n\nI. LEVITAS: Louis knew English because he was raised in an English-speaking\ncountry, Ireland. The main language there is English.\n\nS. LEVITAS: How did you learn it?\n\nI. LEVITAS: I'm talking about him. Because he knew English, he was able to do\nall these things in the community. There weren't many people, 60 years ago, that\nknew ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43811/file/116873#t=5010.0,5040.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43811/file/116873/transcript/41881/annotation/169","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Hebrew and English. They were just growing up. He came here in 1912. It's\nmore than 60 years ago. He was in charge of the Sunday school. I taught Sunday school.\n\nS. LEVITAS: How did you learn English?\n\nI. LEVITAS: I don't know. I came here like all people that come here and\nlearned. You hear everything. I went to school. I don't remember ever not\nknowing English. Isn't that funny? I don't ever ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43811/file/116873#t=5040.0,5070.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43811/file/116873/transcript/41881/annotation/170","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"know not knowing English.\n\nS. LEVITAS: But you didn't speak it when you were in Poland.\n\nI. LEVITAS: I don't remember too much. I never remember not knowing English. I\nknow speaking Yiddish to my mother and knowing that she taught us Hebrew. On\nShabbos to bentsch—Rosh Chodesh . . . you say a special prayer on the new moon.\n\nS. LEVITAS: What was that special prayer?\n\nI. LEVITAS: It was to bless the new moon.\n\nS. LEVITAS: Do you remember it?\n\nI. LEVITAS: ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43811/file/116873#t=5070.0,5100.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43811/file/116873/transcript/41881/annotation/171","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Rosh Chodesh. Rosh is first. Chodesh is the first of the month.\n\nS. LEVITAS: Do you remember the prayer?\n\nI. LEVITAS: The prayer? I don't remember it. It's in the book. We read it from\nthe book. We would say it, Mama and I. We were little children. You know what I\nmean. We hadn't even moved to Connally Street then. Women were just not\nsynagogue goers in those days.\n\nS. LEVITAS: ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43811/file/116873#t=5100.0,5130.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43811/file/116873/transcript/41881/annotation/172","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"They weren't allowed to go?\n\nI. LEVITAS: No. It wasn't forbidden, I don't think. I just don't remember going.\n[Louis] became so active because he knew English and he knew Hebrew. Ireland is\na very Orthodox country. He went to cheder with David Briscoe. You've heard of\nDavid Briscoe, Lord Mayor of ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43811/file/116873#t=5130.0,5160.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43811/file/116873/transcript/41881/annotation/173","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Ireland? You've heard of him. He went to cheder\nwith him. You know what cheder is? The Hebrew school. Cheder is Hebrew school.\nHe went to Hebrew school with him. He was in Atlanta and they invited him to\nhave dinner with the Chamber of Commerce with him. The reason—there weren't\nmany in those days. Who knew? Who could help out with this ? He was\nsuperintendent of Sunday school. I taught Sunday ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43811/file/116873#t=5160.0,5190.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43811/file/116873/transcript/41881/annotation/174","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"school. My sister, Rose, came\ninto the Alliance after I left. She was there when I was there already. She\nstayed there quite a few years afterwards. She was a social . . .\n\nS. LEVITAS: Which of the sisters and brothers were you closest to?\n\nI. LEVITAS: My sister, Rose. My brother, Morris—who's in California—did more\nfor me than anybody else. We didn't . . . Louis didn't do too much because\nselling ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43811/file/116873#t=5190.0,5220.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43811/file/116873/transcript/41881/annotation/175","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"insurance was hard business then. It wasn't like it is today. We just\ndid the best we could. We had to raise a family. Papa didn't have that much to\ngive me. I had a hard time because I had to carry on two homes for a long time,\nPapa's home and this home. My home was first on 8th Street, then ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43811/file/116873#t=5220.0,5250.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43811/file/116873/transcript/41881/annotation/176","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"on Ponce de\nLeon Avenue, and then on Park Drive. I didn't move many times. First, when I\nmarried, I lived for a short time in a small apartment on Boulevard [Street].\nWhat is it? Something you asked me about?\n\nS. LEVITAS: Rose . . .\n\nI. LEVITAS: Rose was the youngest. She really looked up to me like a mother.\nThere wasn't that much difference in ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43811/file/116873#t=5250.0,5280.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43811/file/116873/transcript/41881/annotation/177","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"ages but there was enough that she just\nwould give me anything in the world that I needed or wanted. She went to work.\nShe went through a lot of schools. She went to Columbia. She graduated from\nOglethorpe. She went and took a post-graduate course in . . . I took several\ncourses at Georgia State but I'll tell you . . .\n\nS. LEVITAS: What did you take?\n\nI. LEVITAS: Everything you do in the ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43811/file/116873#t=5280.0,5310.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43811/file/116873/transcript/41881/annotation/178","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"last century . . . in the last 20 years,\nwhatever you did you had to take courses for. If you worked with the integrated\nschools like I told you, I had to take a course for that. When I went to work\nfor the Jewish Home, I had to take a course for that. They taught you how to\nroll a wheelchair, and how to put out a ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43811/file/116873#t=5310.0,5340.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43811/file/116873/transcript/41881/annotation/179","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"fire because . . . if not—I was insured\nin case something happened—and a patient fell out, I'm responsible. I'm\ncovered. When I went to teaching in the integrated schools, I had to take a\ncourse. I went to Georgia State. I took a course. I got a pin. You've heard of .\n. . they talk about VISA, ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43811/file/116873#t=5340.0,5370.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43811/file/116873/transcript/41881/annotation/180","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"V-I-S-A. Lillian Carter was in this movement of\nvolunteer work. I took a course in that. I have a little pin given to me for\nfinishing the course.\n\nS. LEVITAS: How much college do you think you took?\n\nI. LEVITAS: I believe if I took examinations . . . I could take examinations for\nanything at that time for college because I had to know things. I had a lot to\ncover . . . Supervision . . .\n\nS. LEVITAS: Did you ever feel ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43811/file/116873#t=5370.0,5400.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43811/file/116873/transcript/41881/annotation/181","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"like Grandpa didn't want you to do all that, to\ntake courses?\n\nI. LEVITAS: My grandpa?\n\nS. LEVITAS: No, my grandpa, your husband.\n\nI. LEVITAS: All the work that I told you?\n\nS. LEVITAS: No, like going to school and stuff.\n\nI. LEVITAS: I told you that he thought I did too much. He really and truly\nthought that I really didn't go sometimes. When you're president of an\norganization it's a big responsibility.\n\nS. LEVITAS: He thought you neglected the household sometimes?\n\nI. LEVITAS: I did it ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43811/file/116873#t=5400.0,5430.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43811/file/116873/transcript/41881/annotation/182","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"anyway. Mrs. Pool . . . The outstanding Sephardic shul in\nAmerica was the Sephardic shul, synagogue, in New York. David de Sola Pool was\nthe rabbi there. Mrs. Pool was national president of Hadassah when I was\npresident. I had to give a big dinner at my house on Ponce de Leon Avenue. I did\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43811/file/116873#t=5430.0,5460.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43811/file/116873/transcript/41881/annotation/183","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"it. He wasn't . . . After all, sometimes . . . You very seldom find a husband\nlike Mark that is so proud of his wife he doesn't care how long she's away doing\nthings. She's always away doing things. There's very seldom you find that. I had\na friend, Annie Levy, who was president of Hadassah. She had a husband—we used\nto call them Hadassah husbands. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43811/file/116873#t=5460.0,5490.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43811/file/116873/transcript/41881/annotation/184","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Louis was not a Hadassah husband. He liked to do\nthis work. He was prominent and had a lot of plaques that he did. He was\nregional president of B'nai B'rith. He was local president of B'nai B'rith. He\nwas everything in AZA and he brought them home. I used to serve Coca Cola and\ncake to the group of boys that used to come. Park Drive is mostly where I did that.\n\nS. LEVITAS: When you and ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43811/file/116873#t=5490.0,5520.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43811/file/116873/transcript/41881/annotation/185","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Grandpa, your husband, were courting, what did you used\nto do when you went on a date?\n\nI. LEVITAS: We'd go on a date. He already had a car. We used to go to\nsymphonies. I dated a boy—he's dead long ago. He had . . . we lived near the\nCapitol, 410 Washington Street, for years. I used to date a fellow there by the\nname of Charlie Buckwald [sp] and he was a physicist in the ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43811/file/116873#t=5520.0,5550.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43811/file/116873/transcript/41881/annotation/186","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Capitol which wasn't\nover three blocks from the Alliance or my house. We used to go to outstanding\nplays, symphonies, shows, and movie pictures. We didn't eat out. You didn't eat\nout like you do today as much. I swear I don't remember eating out much. I've\nalways been kosher. Still, you can eat some things. Do you ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43811/file/116873#t=5550.0,5580.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43811/file/116873/transcript/41881/annotation/187","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"know what we used to\ngo in for? Ice cream soda.\n\nS. LEVITAS: Is that right?\n\nI. LEVITAS: Yes, an ice cream soda. At Five Points there was an outstanding drug\nstore and everybody went there for ice cream sodas.\n\nS. LEVITAS: What was your favorite kind of ice cream soda?\n\nI. LEVITAS: Chocolate. He used to come home . . .\n\nS. LEVITAS: How did your parents feel about the fact that Louis was 13 years\nolder ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43811/file/116873#t=5580.0,5610.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43811/file/116873/transcript/41881/annotation/188","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"than you?\n\nI. LEVITAS: It didn't make any difference to them. I don't even remember . . .\n\nS. LEVITAS: Did it make any difference to you?\n\nI. LEVITAS: No, absolutely not. He was a man that was sought after by other\nwomen, too. Women always looked at the man.\n\nS. LEVITAS: Did that make you jealous?\n\nI. LEVITAS: I wasn't jealous. He was a man who had a good reputation and had\ngood friends. I told you, his best friend was Rabbi Solomon. I went with him a\nlot. I ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43811/file/116873#t=5610.0,5640.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43811/file/116873/transcript/41881/annotation/189","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"went with this other fellow a lot.\n\nS. LEVITAS: It sounds to me like you were popular.\n\nI. LEVITAS: That isn't popular. I wasn't that popular. I had certain . . . I\nwouldn't go with everybody. I told women that were here visiting the other day,\nI said, \"You know, even in later life, I didn't care for everybody to pick me\nup.\" I never wanted for people to say, \"I got you a ride.\" I didn't ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43811/file/116873#t=5640.0,5670.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43811/file/116873/transcript/41881/annotation/190","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"want\neverybody to get me a ride. Some people, I'd rather not go to the meetings than\ngo with them for a ride.\n\nS. LEVITAS: Why?\n\nI. LEVITAS: Because I didn't care for it. I didn't want to owe them a favor. I\njust didn't like them, that's all. Certain people I didn't care for.\n\nS. LEVITAS: Back then when you would go on a date and the boy would say\ngoodnight to you, would he shake your hand or give you a kiss?\n\nI. LEVITAS: That's all. Maybe we kissed. When we got back later we certainly\nkissed and ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43811/file/116873#t=5670.0,5700.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43811/file/116873/transcript/41881/annotation/191","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"hugged—later when we were engaged. We became engaged. There were\n1,000 people at my wedding because I belonged to the Alliance. I had three\nrabbis come marry me because I belonged to the Alliance and that was a public place.\n\nS. LEVITAS: What was your wedding like? Was there lots of music?\n\nI. LEVITAS: It wasn't a dinner, [but] a reception. Fannie helped and a lot of others.\n\nS. LEVITAS: Do you still have the wedding dress?\n\nI. LEVITAS: Some wedding gifts?\n\nS. LEVITAS: The wedding dress that you ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43811/file/116873#t=5700.0,5730.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43811/file/116873/transcript/41881/annotation/192","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"wore, where is that?\n\nI. LEVITAS: I had it until I moved. They stole it from that cedar chest that's\nover to Miriam's. I had that. I had a velvet suit that I had and my wedding\ndress. You know my wedding picture. You saw it. They stole it. They robbed me\nthree times towards the end there—of everything. I had a quilt. I really dread\nthat they didn't take it but they couldn't take the cedar chest. It was too\nheavy. They took the ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43811/file/116873#t=5730.0,5760.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43811/file/116873/transcript/41881/annotation/193","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"fan. They took the luggage. They took everything. They were\nmaking condominiums out of them and they sawed off the lock twice. That's the\nreason I moved out of there a little bit earlier. I could have stayed there a\nlittle while longer. I moved out. The traffic was terrible then. There were\nworkers and so many people.\n\nS. LEVITAS: Did you ever knit, crochet, or sew?\n\nI. LEVITAS: ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43811/file/116873#t=5760.0,5790.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43811/file/116873/transcript/41881/annotation/194","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Never. I must have done something. You know why? Because there's a\ncrochet needle in there.\n\nS. LEVITAS: You don't remember crocheting?\n\nI. LEVITAS: I cannot remember crocheting.\n\nS. LEVITAS: Did your mother?\n\nI. LEVITAS: My mother was called—you can mark that down—was called the\nshrayberke, the writer. Women came to her to write letters to their families in\nEurope, to the people they left behind. She could write letters to . . . you\nhave no idea. She was not the greatest ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43811/file/116873#t=5790.0,5820.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43811/file/116873/transcript/41881/annotation/195","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"cook. She was not the greatest . . . she\nnever was a sewer, a knitter, or anything like that because she wrote and\nstudied more than anything else. They used to call her Elke the shrayberke, the\nwriter. Shrayberke is the writer. Shrayb is write. Elke the shrayberke. In\nEurope she used to write letters to the sweethearts that left the girls behind,\nin ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43811/file/116873#t=5820.0,5850.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43811/file/116873/transcript/41881/annotation/196","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Yiddish.\n\nS. LEVITAS: You didn't sew your own clothes?\n\nI. LEVITAS: I didn't sew. I must have crocheted because I've got a crochet\nneedle. It's right here in the sewing box. I must have crocheted but I don't\nremember anything I crocheted. Evelyn Silver begged me to learn how to knit and\nshe wanted to make an Afghan for me . . . I should make . . . I said, \"I don't\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43811/file/116873#t=5850.0,5880.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43811/file/116873/transcript/41881/annotation/197","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"care for it. I don't need it.\n\nS. LEVITAS: When you were growing up, you said you went to symphonies. Was that\nyour favorite kind of music?\n\nI. LEVITAS: Certainly, I liked it more than disco. I can't stand it. I still go,\nthough. I went to this one. He brought the band in the house. He practices\ndownstairs. Fortunately they have a downstairs. I think that Tony is going to go\nto work after he comes ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43811/file/116873#t=5880.0,5910.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43811/file/116873/transcript/41881/annotation/198","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"back. He'll continue with the band but I believe . . .\n\nS. LEVITAS: You think that classical would be your favorite kind of music?\n\nI. LEVITAS: Yes, that's the only thing we really went to. There wasn't any . . .\nDo you know that the early time—this is not long ago, this is 25 years ago—I\nwas very close friends with the man that organized the Atlanta Symphony\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43811/file/116873#t=5910.0,5940.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43811/file/116873/transcript/41881/annotation/199","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Orchestra, Henry Sopkin and his wife [Sylvia Millman Sopkin]. I've even got\ntheir anniversary written down in my book. I was very close with them. When he\ncame here to organize the symphony, it was a children's symphony. We became very\ngood friends. She wanted to raise her children Jewish and he didn't care for it.\nHe was Jewish but he didn't care for it. She came. She ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43811/file/116873#t=5940.0,5970.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43811/file/116873/transcript/41881/annotation/200","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"met me. Somebody in New\nYork told her to meet me and I could help her out because Charles, her boy, was\ngoing to be bar mitzvahed. I could help her out and I did.\n\nS. LEVITAS: Do you remember, when you were growing up, any favorite games like\nhide and seek, bedtime games, or any kinds of things that you played with your\nparents or with your friends?\n\nI. LEVITAS: I don't really. I know there must have been.\n\nS. LEVITAS: Any rhymes? I remember you ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43811/file/116873#t=5970.0,6000.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43811/file/116873/transcript/41881/annotation/201","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"used to teach us. I remember games you\nused to teach us.\n\nI. LEVITAS: What did I teach you?\n\nS. LEVITAS: Like you used to play, \"One, two buckle the shoe. Three . . . \" How\ndid that go?\n\nI. LEVITAS: Of course we did. We used to play hopscotch, jumping from one box to\nthe other. I did everything that they did in those days.\n\nS. LEVITAS: What did they do in those days?\n\nI. LEVITAS: I don't remember. As you just said . . . I really don't remember too\nmany things that I did with the children. I know we had to do a lot of things\nwith ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43811/file/116873#t=6000.0,6030.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43811/file/116873/transcript/41881/annotation/202","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"them.\n\nS. LEVITAS: No. When you were a child, too.\n\nI. LEVITAS: I really don't remember.\n\nS. LEVITAS: I could tell you that when I was a kid we used to swing. We'd ride\nbikes. We played certain games.\n\nI. LEVITAS: I never rode a bicycle and I never . . . I walked to Grant Park.\nThat's one of the things that was . . . we lived near Grant Park and I could\nwalk there barefooted. I would ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43811/file/116873#t=6030.0,6060.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43811/file/116873/transcript/41881/annotation/203","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"spend a lot of time in Grant Park, go swimming,\nand play ball there. We lived near Grant Park—not too far.\n\nS. LEVITAS: Did you ever play games like hide and seek or ball games?\n\nI. LEVITAS: Who didn't? Sure we did. We played ball and did a lot of things.\nLater on I played tennis. That tennis racket that's in there is from when I was\na girl.\n\nS. LEVITAS: You played tennis?\n\nI. LEVITAS: Yes, ma'am.\n\nS. LEVITAS: Who taught you?\n\nI. LEVITAS: I told you once before that.\n\nS. LEVITAS: No, you didn't. Who ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43811/file/116873#t=6060.0,6090.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43811/file/116873/transcript/41881/annotation/204","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"taught you how to play tennis?\n\nI. LEVITAS: This tennis racket is from when I was a girl. I used to go with a\nfellow . . . I don't want to mention his name. He's still here. He wanted to\nmarry me. He took me swimming in Grant Park. When we went to Piedmont Park, you\ncould go on a streetcar. It was a long ways from mine. The street we lived on,\nWashington Street, went as far as Piedmont Park. Grant Park is where we ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43811/file/116873#t=6090.0,6120.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43811/file/116873/transcript/41881/annotation/205","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"went. I\nnever swam but I used to go in the water. He taught me how to . . . he tried to\nteach me how to swim but he taught me how to play tennis. It's right there in\nthere, the tennis racket.\n\nS. LEVITAS: Were you good?\n\nI. LEVITAS: No, I wasn't that good.\n\nS. LEVITAS: So, you weren't very athletic?\n\nI. LEVITAS: No, I wouldn't say I was athletic. I don't think women were athletic\nin those days. I used to dance with the boys.\n\nS. LEVITAS: Was it like the waltz?\n\nI. LEVITAS: Yes, ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43811/file/116873#t=6120.0,6150.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43811/file/116873/transcript/41881/annotation/206","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"waltz, and kazatsky, or other things that we danced to besides\nthe waltz, but mostly the waltz.\n\nS. LEVITAS: What were the other things?\n\nI. LEVITAS: Louis only waltzed but I did other things. I don't remember.\n\nS. LEVITAS: You don't remember any?\n\nI. LEVITAS: No.\n\nS. LEVITAS: What kind of other dancing was there?\n\nI. LEVITAS: I don't remember. [The] waltz everybody did and Louis only waltzed.\nWhatever they did in those days, I did. We went to dances all the ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43811/file/116873#t=6150.0,6180.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43811/file/116873/transcript/41881/annotation/207","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"time. We went\nto town. We'd walk to town all the way from Connally Street and go to the\nstores. When I was 16 years old they gave me a sweet sixteen birthday party.\n\nS. LEVITAS: What was that like?\n\nI. LEVITAS: On Connally Street we were still living. An aunt of mine, Mrs.\nWeinberg, wanted to give me a present. She says to ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43811/file/116873#t=6180.0,6210.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43811/file/116873/transcript/41881/annotation/208","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"me, \"Ida, let's go to town. I\nhave a niece in New York who's going to be 16 and I don't know what to give her.\nYou're going to be 16. How about you letting me pick it out.\" She pick[ed] out\nthe mesh bag. Who's got it, you, Karin, or Leslie?\n\nS. LEVITAS: A what?\n\nI. LEVITAS: Mesh bag. It was a silver bag.\n\nS. LEVITAS: I don't have it.\n\nI. LEVITAS: You remember seeing it. Karin has one and Leslie has ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43811/file/116873#t=6210.0,6240.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43811/file/116873/transcript/41881/annotation/209","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"one. They're\nfrom olden days. One was Rose's, and one is mine.\n\nS. LEVITAS: They're beautiful.\n\nI. LEVITAS: I bought the mesh bag. They're kind of broken a little bit. She\nsaid, \"This is for you. I just wanted to see what you would pick out.\"\n\nS. LEVITAS: Isn't that nice. What did they do at your party?\n\nI. LEVITAS: We lived on Connally Street. Mama had ice cream and cake, and\ninvited all my friends. A sweet sixteen birthday party was very popular among\nyoung people for girls. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43811/file/116873#t=6240.0,6270.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43811/file/116873/transcript/41881/annotation/210","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Very popular. Sweet sixteen they used to call it. I\ndated, I imagine, at 16. I'm not positive. I know I was on Connally Street.\n\nS. LEVITAS: Do you remember your mother ever telling you stories of the olden days?\n\nI. LEVITAS: Yes, that's how I remember all my life. You see, no one in our\nfamily knows ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43811/file/116873#t=6270.0,6300.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43811/file/116873/transcript/41881/annotation/211","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"anything. She used to tell me that the goyim were not friendly.\n\nS. LEVITAS: Did you believe her?\n\nI. LEVITAS: Yes, sure I did. Everybody knew that they weren't . . . I've\nforgotten what they used to call it the . . . La Juive is the French . . . The\nfirst opera I ever went to was called La Juive—The Jew. [Enrico] ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43811/file/116873#t=6300.0,6330.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43811/file/116873/transcript/41881/annotation/212","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Caruso and\n[Rosa] Ponselle were the leaders in that. It was in the old auditorium. I went\nto that opera. I never will forget the first opera I ever went to. It's called\nLa Juive. I was trying to think what the goyim used to call us as Jews, like the\npeople . . . You don't think in Atlanta . . . we didn't have much antisemitism\nbut a lot of people did. My two boys in school didn't have too much ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43811/file/116873#t=6330.0,6360.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43811/file/116873/transcript/41881/annotation/213","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"antisemitism.\n\nS. LEVITAS: Do you remember what the Jews were called? What did they call the Jews?\n\nI. LEVITAS: Jew baby. We never had it. We had very little of it, almost none.\nOne woman came to see me. She had a daughter in high school. That was already in\nthe Grady [High School] days. She said, \"There's so much antisemitism.\" I ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43811/file/116873#t=6360.0,6390.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43811/file/116873/transcript/41881/annotation/214","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"said,\n\"Elliott goes there and I don't have any trouble there.\" But there was. There's\nalways been antisemitism. There is right now. I just saw in the paper yesterday\nwhere antisemitism is growing worse. There's always been antisemitism. Like you\nasked me, the friendship with the schvartzes, with the blacks, was better than\nit is today. They were wonderful friends. They used to ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43811/file/116873#t=6390.0,6420.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43811/file/116873/transcript/41881/annotation/215","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"come and work for us—it\ncost almost nothing—and bring in the coal, bring in the wood, milk the cow, and\nfeed the chickens. They were friends. We were friends. Not nowadays. Even\nJackson made nasty remarks.\n\nS. LEVITAS: What do you think happened?\n\nI. LEVITAS: I don't know. I have no idea. Jealousy. The whole thing of ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43811/file/116873#t=6420.0,6450.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43811/file/116873/transcript/41881/annotation/216","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"the Golan\nHeights and everything is jealousy. They brought up stories about the Golan\nHeights when it was cited years ago that we wouldn't give up the Golan Heights.\nWhen I was in Israel in 1969, they said, \"Golan Heights will never be given up\nbecause you could look down from the Golan Heights and shoot at the Jewish\npeople.\" They'll never give up the Golan Heights. Never. Masada and Golan\nHeights. I walked up Masada. I climbed ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43811/file/116873#t=6450.0,6480.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43811/file/116873/transcript/41881/annotation/217","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"up Masada. In Golan Heights, you could\nsee where they could shoot at the Jews. Now they want to take Golan Heights\naway. There was a pro-Jewish article in the paper today by somebody that [said]\nthe Golan Heights will not be . . . they want it to be taken away.\n\nS. LEVITAS: What was it like for you during the Holocaust?\n\nI. LEVITAS: During the Holocaust, we didn't feel it here. We didn't have many\nclose ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43811/file/116873#t=6480.0,6510.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43811/file/116873/transcript/41881/annotation/218","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"people there. The people that we had were the second cousins,\n[unintelligible 1.48.37] family, the Koppels and Goldsteins. I didn't know any\nGoldsteins that we had over there. Kavaleriskys . . . I didn't know any of them.\nMy grandfather was dead.\n\nS. LEVITAS: Did you do any kind of work over here to help?\n\nI. LEVITAS: Working here about it? I've worked all my life towards it. Whatever\nthe Federation needed, I worked for it. Later it ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43811/file/116873#t=6510.0,6540.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43811/file/116873/transcript/41881/annotation/219","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"became Russian Jewry.\n\nS. LEVITAS: I mean do you remember that specific time, the Holocaust, as being a\ntime of fear?\n\nI. LEVITAS: We didn't do anything special to stop it. There was no . . . Big\npeople like [Franklin Delano] Roosevelt didn't do anything. Other people . . .\npeople could have done something to stop it, from the whole world. They didn't\ndo it. Me, I was nothing. What could I do for it?\n\nS. LEVITAS: What did you think Roosevelt should have done?\n\nI. LEVITAS: He came back from Israel one time and he said, ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43811/file/116873#t=6540.0,6570.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43811/file/116873/transcript/41881/annotation/220","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\"One picture is worth\na thousand words.\" That turned me against him. He went there. He saw the Arabs.\nHe became pro-Arab. He said, \"One picture is worth a thousand words.\"\n\nS. LEVITAS: What did that mean?\n\nI. LEVITAS: Roosevelt could have helped and other people. Burning up people?\nMaking lampshades out of their bodies?\n\nS. LEVITAS: They made lampshades?\n\nI. LEVITAS: Lampshades out of their bodies—from the skin . . . put them in\nconcentration camps . . . You don't have to have me ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43811/file/116873#t=6570.0,6600.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43811/file/116873/transcript/41881/annotation/221","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"tell you that.\n\nS. LEVITAS: I just want to know what your feelings were.\n\nI. LEVITAS: The same feelings that you read in books were my feelings. That's\nthe same feelings that I had. They were horrors . . . feelings of horror, fear,\nand hate and it was just . . . People prayed. Nobody turned a finger to stop the\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43811/file/116873#t=6600.0,6630.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43811/file/116873/transcript/41881/annotation/222","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"murders. I saw on television the night before last that they are right now in\nPoland showing there never was a Holocaust. I saw it on the screen. Antisemitism\nhas been as long as humanity has been in existence. If it ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43811/file/116873#t=6630.0,6660.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43811/file/116873/transcript/41881/annotation/223","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"wasn't Haman, it was\nsomebody else. We've had it all through the years. We have to learn to live with\nit, cope with it, and fight against it. After all the Golan Heights story, I see\nin the paper today that somebody's taking up for the Jewish people for not\ngiving up the Golan Heights. It was said originally, \"You can't give up the\nGolan Heights because they're going to kill the Jews.\"\n\nS. LEVITAS: So, you were an active ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43811/file/116873#t=6660.0,6690.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43811/file/116873/transcript/41881/annotation/224","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Zionist?\n\nI. LEVITAS: Yes, I was an active Zionist all through my life, as soon as I\nbecame to know anything. I had a brother, Joe, David's father, that was the\nscholar in our family. He was the scholar in our family. He was a very active\nZionist. He made a Zionist of a lot of local people in Atlanta and wherever he\nlived. He was a scholar. He finished ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43811/file/116873#t=6690.0,6720.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43811/file/116873/transcript/41881/annotation/225","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Yeshiva. None were ignorant, do you\nunderstand? He was a scholar.\n\nS. LEVITAS: What was Friday night like in your home growing up?\n\nI. LEVITAS: In our house?\n\nS. LEVITAS: When you were little.\n\nI. LEVITAS: Tremendous. My father was . . . Everybody sat at the table . . .\n\nS. LEVITAS: Go through a day. Start with when it becomes Friday.\n\nI. LEVITAS: In the morning, before I worked or after I worked?\n\nS. LEVITAS: Before you worked.\n\nI. LEVITAS: Before I worked I went off to school. It was ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43811/file/116873#t=6720.0,6750.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43811/file/116873/transcript/41881/annotation/226","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"kind of a habit that\nthey would come in for midday lunch and eat something. Mama made gefilte fish\nand some kind of a soup that they called grits. Not the kind of grits like we\nhave now.\n\nS. LEVITAS: What kind is it?\n\nI. LEVITAS: It was a dark something. All liked it. Everybody loved it.\n\nS. LEVITAS: What was it made with?\n\nI. LEVITAS: It's made like grits but it was dark. Mama used meat, fleishig. Mama\nmade challah. We lived on ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43811/file/116873#t=6750.0,6780.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43811/file/116873/transcript/41881/annotation/227","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Connally Street. Then they would have a big Shabbos meal.\n\nS. LEVITAS: What was a typical Shabbos meal?\n\nI. LEVITAS: A typical Shabbos meal was tzimmes . . . First gefilte fish, always\ngefilte fish, and soup. Not always . . . Knaidlach, lokshen, rice with it, and\nchicken or meat, ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43811/file/116873#t=6780.0,6810.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43811/file/116873/transcript/41881/annotation/228","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and some kind of potatoes and tzimmes . . . Do you know what\ntzimmes is?\n\nS. LEVITAS: Explain it to me again.\n\nI. LEVITAS: Tzimmes is made with rutabaga, carrots, short ribs, and potatoes.\nSometimes they used to make it sweet and put prunes in it, most of the time not.\nThen they had a ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43811/file/116873#t=6810.0,6840.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43811/file/116873/transcript/41881/annotation/229","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"cholent. They would take the cholent and put it in the stove.\nYour father's just wild about it. When he was in Congress, he was dying for me\nto fix cholent. When he first went to Congress, he went to the library and got a\nlibrary recipe for how to make a cholent. Cholent they called it. A cholent is\npotatoes, short ribs, and carrots, and it's cooked all night in the ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43811/file/116873#t=6840.0,6870.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43811/file/116873/transcript/41881/annotation/230","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"stove. If\nyou live near a bakery like the Taylor's Bakery on Capitol Avenue, you put it in\nthe oven because they didn't bake challah. Everybody would bring their cholent\nover there. We didn't. We lived near Grant Park and it was too far.\n\nS. LEVITAS: What did you spice it up with? It was just the meat, potatoes, and carrots?\n\nI. LEVITAS: Meat, potatoes, and carrots . . . What do you mean? You put salt and\npepper. What else? What else do you use? I don't remember. It wasn't sweet. The\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43811/file/116873#t=6870.0,6900.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43811/file/116873/transcript/41881/annotation/231","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"tzimmes very often was sweet but the cholent was not sweet. He went to the\nlibrary and got me a recipe. I've got the recipe right now.\n\nS. LEVITAS: Here we are at dinner. The sun has gone down. It's now Shabbat. What\ndid your family do?\n\nI. LEVITAS: They went to shul.\n\nS. LEVITAS: Did your mother stay home?\n\nI. LEVITAS: It was a long way. My mother stayed home. Then we all ate. When\nUncle Mayer came . . . when Mary Dinah came . . . ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43811/file/116873#t=6900.0,6930.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43811/file/116873/transcript/41881/annotation/232","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Sophie was born here. When\nthey came with Bert, we would sit down at the table. They stayed with us. We\nslept on the floor. Rose and I slept on the floor. We used to sleep four in a\nroom. In those days it didn't matter. I have a cousin who died who was president\nof National Linen Service, A.J. Weinberg. He used to stay with us. He and Irving\nslept in one bed, and Rose and I in another bed in the same room. It didn't mean\nanything in ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43811/file/116873#t=6930.0,6960.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43811/file/116873/transcript/41881/annotation/233","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"those days. It was a different type of life. You brought many people\nfrom Europe, so they came and slept on the floor. No sleeping bags. [You] put a\nblanket or some other things on the floor. We had two cousins that Mama brought\nover here from Lodz. Now you see Lodz on the map and the television every day.\nThat's one of the biggest cities in Poland. These two girls were ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43811/file/116873#t=6960.0,6990.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43811/file/116873/transcript/41881/annotation/234","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"born in Lodz.\nMama brought them over here. They were her sister's children. My uncle—his name\nwas Meyer. There's a lot of Meyers in our family. He was known to be a rabbi\nalmost. He wrote Mama that their mother died. Their mother was Blanchard. All\nthe Blanchards are named after her, Bashky [sp]. Their mother died. He married\nagain. He's not good to the children. Bring them to ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43811/file/116873#t=6990.0,7020.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43811/file/116873/transcript/41881/annotation/235","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"America. They came and slept\non the floor. We had a lounge that opened up like this one but it was leather.\nHarry Golden, the writer, called it in his book, the lunch. A lunch was a\nlounge. In his book he called it the lunch. The immigrants that came over at\nthat time used to sleep in the ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43811/file/116873#t=7020.0,7050.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43811/file/116873/transcript/41881/annotation/236","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"lunch.\n\nS. LEVITAS: Here we are on Friday night. Who would light the candles?\n\nI. LEVITAS: Mama.\n\nS. LEVITAS: And she'd say the prayer?\n\nI. LEVITAS: Always. The candlesticks that are at Miriam's right now are Mama's.\nThey belonged to Mama. They came from Europe.\n\nS. LEVITAS: Were you Orthodox and you'd tear your toilet paper?\n\nI. LEVITAS: The turn to Conservatism came just recently since Rabbi ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43811/file/116873#t=7050.0,7080.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43811/file/116873/transcript/41881/annotation/237","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Epstein\nbecame . . . In the old synagogue . . . his father never accepted it. Rabbi\nEpstein's father was the dean of Orthodox Rabbis of America.\n\nS. LEVITAS: What would happen on Sabbath?\n\nI. LEVITAS: Saturday, people took a nap on Saturday. They went to shul and they\ncame home.\n\nS. LEVITAS: They didn't drive.\n\nI. LEVITAS: Everybody lived around the shul mostly. Rabbi Epstein lived on\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43811/file/116873#t=7080.0,7110.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43811/file/116873/transcript/41881/annotation/238","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Pulliam Street.\n\nS. LEVITAS: Were you allowed to turn on lights and things like that?\n\nI. LEVITAS: We didn't for a long time because we didn't live in a house with\nlights, electric lights. They were gas lights and gas lights we weren't allowed\nto turn on. Strike a match—you weren't allowed to do that.\n\nS. LEVITAS: What else weren't you allowed to do?\n\nI. LEVITAS: The only time you were allowed to strike a match . . . I had a gas\nstove. We used to have a tea kettle on the gas stove over an iron plate to keep\nhot water. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43811/file/116873#t=7110.0,7140.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43811/file/116873/transcript/41881/annotation/239","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Papa became very sick. Sickness is above everything else. You can\neven eat treif if it's for your health. When Papa got very sick, I needed . . .\nI don't know why I needed hot water. I could light the gas stove and do it but\notherwise not. When we got electric lights. They called the boys that used to\ncome in and turn off the lights and turn ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43811/file/116873#t=7140.0,7170.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43811/file/116873/transcript/41881/annotation/240","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"out the lights the Shabbos goy.\n\nS. LEVITAS: Shabbos goy? Some people I know, Orthodox people, would even tear\ntheir toilet paper before Friday night because they couldn't tear things.\n\nI. LEVITAS: You mean . . .\n\nS. LEVITAS: Orthodox.\n\nI. LEVITAS: From Rabbi [Emanuel] Feldman's synagogue, we turned Conservative.\n\nS. LEVITAS: What year was that?\n\nI. LEVITAS: It was before we moved here, maybe 25 years ago, maybe longer, maybe\n30 years ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43811/file/116873#t=7170.0,7200.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43811/file/116873/transcript/41881/annotation/241","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"ago. We turned Conservative. That's the reason our synagogue grew so\nbig. The youth didn't like Orthodoxy with Rabbi [Tobias] Geffen. Rabbi Geffen\nwas the real Orthodox rabbi then. They didn't like Reform because Rabbi Marx was\nlike a goy. Now, our motto is, \"We are one.\" We looked down on the ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43811/file/116873#t=7200.0,7230.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43811/file/116873/transcript/41881/annotation/242","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Sephardic.\nThe Reform looked down on the Ashkenazi. We were all divided. Now, our motto is\none in Federation. The synagogues . . . if you go into the temple right now\nyou'll see a Zionist flag. Even the 600 or 700 dentists that are meeting here\nhad a candelabra in the entrance of ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43811/file/116873#t=7230.0,7260.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43811/file/116873/transcript/41881/annotation/243","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"the Marriott all week for Hanukkah lights.\n\nS. LEVITAS: Why did you all look down on the Sephardics?\n\nI. LEVITAS: That's the way it was. We didn't think they were good enough for us.\nThe Reform Jews didn't think we were good enough for them. Now, it has changed.\n\nS. LEVITAS: Who were the Ashkenazi?\n\nI. LEVITAS: The Ashkenazis were . . . we are Ashkenazi.\n\nS. LEVITAS: That just means of Polish descent?\n\nI. LEVITAS: Well, mostly Polish. We got a lot from ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43811/file/116873#t=7260.0,7290.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43811/file/116873/transcript/41881/annotation/244","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Hungary, not Germany. We got\na lot from Hungary [that] belonged to our synagogue when we were Orthodox too.\nAt one time the Austria-Hungary people formed a synagogue on Washington Street.\nIt was like semi-Reform, across the street from Papa's house. Papa's house was\n410 Washington Street. They didn't last long. Then it was turned into a Jewish\nclub. They didn't last ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43811/file/116873#t=7290.0,7320.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43811/file/116873/transcript/41881/annotation/245","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"long. Now we're one in Welfare Fund, in Synagogue united.\nWe've got sisterhood—all the sisterhood organizations, together. We have about\nnine synagogues.\n\nS. LEVITAS: Are there any things that you wished you had done or want to do\nbefore you die?\n\nI. LEVITAS: I don't think there is. I always think to myself, with all the\nproblems that we've had—and I didn't drive and it wasn't easy—and ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43811/file/116873#t=7320.0,7350.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43811/file/116873/transcript/41881/annotation/246","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I said I\ndon't think I would have done anything different. I enjoyed my friendships. I\nenjoyed certainly working for Hadassah. I've won the respect of a lot of people.\nI don't think of anything that I would have done differently. I can't think of\nanything. It's too bad—what's happened now—that people are not\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43811/file/116873#t=7350.0,7380.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43811/file/116873/transcript/41881/annotation/247","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Jewish-conscious. I regret that very deeply that our Jewishness is going\ndownwards, not upwards. If people—I don't want to mention names—they live with\nboys who are not Jewish, they live with boys period . . . That was not the way\nof life that I was used to. We never knew anything like that. We certainly\ndidn't know about marrying out of our ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43811/file/116873#t=7380.0,7410.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43811/file/116873/transcript/41881/annotation/248","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"faith. We didn't know one thing about it.\nIt's still a tragedy today. Even this recent marriage of Sonny's. He went\nthrough all the world to have her converted and have a Jewish wedding and all\nthis and that. It's tragic that this has happened to the Jewish people. Long\nyears ago, I told you I was at the Alliance when a fellow walked in and he says\nto me, \"I'm ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43811/file/116873#t=7410.0,7440.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43811/file/116873/transcript/41881/annotation/249","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"from\" . . . Not Kishinev. In Kishinev, they had a pogrom at one\ntime. I was already in America. They killed all the Jews in the little city of\nKishinev. This fellow was from Galicia. He came in. He introduces himself. And\nwhat is he? He's a convert like they have now. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43811/file/116873#t=7440.0,7470.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43811/file/116873/transcript/41881/annotation/250","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Moon, the Moons, the Moonies . .\n. Jews for Jesus. This is what he was, Jews for Jesus. His father was a rabbi in\nEurope. I got a letter from his mother from New York. She said she heard that he\nhad come to the Alliance. There was a little church across the street. That's\nwhere he did his work. He married a gentile girl from near Grant Park. You know\nthat Louis wrote him a ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43811/file/116873#t=7470.0,7500.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43811/file/116873/transcript/41881/annotation/251","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"policy.\n\nS. LEVITAS: Is that right?\n\nI. LEVITAS: Yes. I don't know what became of him, but he was pitiful. I think\nthe conditions are pitiful today because people in my family, and other families\nlike mine, don't respect Jewishness. They don't realize what damage they are\ndoing to the Jewish people. I'm very sorry for it. That's the only thing I'm\nsorry for. That's in my growth. In my youth . . . In my ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43811/file/116873#t=7500.0,7530.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43811/file/116873/transcript/41881/annotation/252","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"youth I never knew\nanything like that. Nobody ever knew anything like that. That was the rarest\nthing in the world, going with a sheigetz or going and marrying out of your\nfaith. It was unheard of. It's all the soldiers that were here.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43811/file/116873#t=7530.0,7560.0"}]},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43811/file/116873/annotation_set/986","type":"AnnotationPage","label":{"en":["Annotations [Transcript]"]},"items":[{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43811/file/116873/annotation_set/986/annotation/253","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eIda Goldstein Levitas (1897-1987) was born in Bialystok, Poland and grew up in Atlanta. Ida was active in the Jewish Educational Alliance and \u003cem\u003eHadassah\u003c/em\u003e. Her son Elliott Levitas was a Congressman from the 4th Congressional District in the United States House of Representatives from 1975 to 1985. \u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43811/file/116873#t=0.0,30.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43811/file/116873/annotation_set/986/annotation/254","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eLouis J. Levitas (1885-1968) was born in Riga, Latvia, spent his youth in Dublin, Ireland, and moved to Atlanta in 1912. In the early years of the Jewish Educational Alliance he was in the center of youth activities. He organized a Sunday School for the religious education of children and became its superintendent. He was also active in the United Hebrew School. He was a member of the Fulton Masonic Lodge, the Ahavath Achim Synagogue, the Atlanta Hibernian Society, the Progressive Club and member of the board of Jewish Children Service for more than 30 years.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43811/file/116873#t=0.0,30.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43811/file/116873/annotation_set/986/annotation/255","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eSaint Patrick's Day, or the Feast of Saint Patrick, is a cultural and religious celebration held annually on March 17, the traditional death date of Saint Patrick (c. AD 385–461), the foremost patron saint of Ireland. Saint Patrick's Day is a public holiday in the Republic of Ireland and widely celebrated in Irish diaspora communities in other countries.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43811/file/116873#t=120.0,150.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43811/file/116873/annotation_set/986/annotation/256","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eSamuel Jacob Goldstein (1858-1951), also known by his Yiddish name Shmuel Yankel, was born in Lomza, Poland and resided in Atlanta, Georgia. He was a founding member of Ahavath Achim Synagogue and a board member for the United Hebrew School for 40 years.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43811/file/116873#t=120.0,150.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43811/file/116873/annotation_set/986/annotation/257","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eElla “Elke” Reisel Goldstein (1861-1928).\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43811/file/116873#t=120.0,150.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43811/file/116873/annotation_set/986/annotation/258","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eCharlie Goldstein (1870-1925) operated Goldstein and Abelman, a wholesale grocery business in Atlanta, Georgia. He was an immigrant who arrived in New York City in 1888. He was the father of Abe Goldstein, a founding partner of Prior Tire in Atlanta.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43811/file/116873#t=120.0,150.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43811/file/116873/annotation_set/986/annotation/259","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eSpelman College is a liberal arts women’s college in Atlanta. It was founded in 1881 as the Atlanta Baptist Female Seminary, and is one of America’s oldest historically black colleges for women. Spelman received its charter in 1924.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43811/file/116873#t=150.0,180.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43811/file/116873/annotation_set/986/annotation/260","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eOglethorpe University is a private liberal arts college in Brookhaven, Georgia. Originally chartered in 1835, it was named in honor of General James Edward Oglethorpe, founder of the Colony of Georgia.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43811/file/116873#t=150.0,180.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43811/file/116873/annotation_set/986/annotation/261","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eInitially intended as a night school, Georgia State University (GSU) was established in 1913 as the Georgia Institute of Technology's Evening School of Commerce. A reorganization of the university system of Georgia in the 1930’s led to the school becoming the Atlanta Extension Center of the University System of Georgia and allowed night students to earn degrees from several colleges in the university System. During this time, the school was divided into two divisions: Georgia Evening College, and Atlanta Junior College. In 1947, the school became affiliated with the University of Georgia and was named the ‘Atlanta Division of the University of Georgia.’ The school was later removed from the University of Georgia in 1955 and became the Georgia State College of Business Administration. In 1961 the name was shortened to Georgia State College. It became Georgia State University in 1969. \u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43811/file/116873#t=150.0,180.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43811/file/116873/annotation_set/986/annotation/262","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eEmory University is a private university in Atlanta. It was founded in 1836 by a small group of Methodists and named in honor of Methodist bishop John Emory. Today it has nearly 3,000 faculty members and is ranked 20th among national universities in U.S. News \u0026amp; World Report’s 2014 rankings. Emory University was officially desegregated in September of 1962 and admitted its first African American undergraduate in the fall of 1963. \u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43811/file/116873#t=150.0,180.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43811/file/116873/annotation_set/986/annotation/263","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003ePossibly Solomon Jacob Gold (1878-1975), an immigrant from Kovno, Russia (now Kaunas, Lithuania) who operated a grocery store and, later, a delicatessen in Atlanta, Georgia. He was a founding member of the Hunter Street \u003cem\u003eShul\u003c/em\u003e, which is now known as Congregation Shearith Israel. He was president of the Atlanta chapter of Mizrachi for 20 years. \u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43811/file/116873#t=180.0,210.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43811/file/116873/annotation_set/986/annotation/264","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eGrant Park is a historic neighborhood of Atlanta that was formed around Grant Park, the fourth largest park in the city. It had two major attractions: Zoo Atlanta and the Atlanta Cyclorama, a cyclorama featuring the 1864 Battle of Atlanta during the Civil War.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43811/file/116873#t=210.0,240.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43811/file/116873/annotation_set/986/annotation/265","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eAtlanta–Fulton County Stadium, often referred to as ‘Fulton County Stadium’ and originally named ‘Atlanta Stadium,’ was built to attract a major league baseball team. In 1966 it succeeded when the Milwaukee Braves relocated to Atlanta. The stadium was built on the site of the cleared Washington-Rawson neighborhood, which had been a wealthy area and home to much of Atlanta’s Jewish community. The Braves continued to play at Fulton County Stadium until the end of the 1996 season, when they moved into Turner Field, the converted Centennial Olympic Stadium originally built for the 1996 Summer Olympics. The stadium was demolished in 1997. A parking lot for Turner Field now stands on the site. In 2016, the property was purchased by Georgia State with plans to build a new park for its baseball team within the footprint of Atlanta–Fulton County Stadium.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43811/file/116873#t=210.0,240.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43811/file/116873/annotation_set/986/annotation/266","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eShul\u003c/em\u003e is a Yiddish word for synagogue that is derived from a German word meaning “school,” and emphasizes the synagogue's role as a place of study. \u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43811/file/116873#t=210.0,240.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43811/file/116873/annotation_set/986/annotation/267","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eAhavath Achim was founded in 1887 in a small room on Gilmer Street. In 1901 they moved to a permanent building at the corner of Piedmont and Gilmer Street. In 1921, the congregation constructed a synagogue at Washington Street and Woodward Avenue. The final service in that building was held in 1958 to make way for construction of the Downtown Connector (the concurrent section of Interstate 75 and Interstate 85 through Atlanta). The synagogue moved to its current location on Peachtree Battle Avenue in 1958. Rabbi Abraham Hirmes was the first rabbi of the then Orthodox congregation. In 1928 Rabbi Harry Epstein became the rabbi and the congregation began to shift to Conservatism, which they joined in 1952. Cantor Isaac Goodfriend, a Holocaust survivor, joined the congregation in 1966 and remained until his retirement. Rabbi Epstein retired in 1982, becoming Rabbi Emeritus and Rabbi Arnold Goodman assumed the rabbinic post. He retired in 2002 when he was succeeded by Rabbi Neil Sandler. \u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43811/file/116873#t=210.0,240.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43811/file/116873/annotation_set/986/annotation/268","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe Federation of Jewish Charities was a forerunner of the Atlanta Jewish Federation. The Atlanta Jewish Federation was formally incorporated in 1967 and is the result of the merger of the Atlanta Federation for Jewish Social Service founded in 1905 as the Federation of Jewish Charities; the Atlanta Jewish Welfare Federation founded in 1936 as the Atlanta Jewish Welfare Fund; and the Atlanta Jewish Community Council founded in 1945. The organization was renamed the Jewish Federation of Greater Atlanta in 1997.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43811/file/116873#t=210.0,240.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43811/file/116873/annotation_set/986/annotation/269","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eAbraham Joseph “A.J.” Weinberg (1886-1975) was one of the founding partners and builders of the Atlanta Linen Supply Company, which was launched in August 1918 by Isadore M. Weinstein. Over the years the business grew into the National Linen Service Corporation. By 1947 National Linen had plants all over the United States and nearly 5,000 employees. National Linen acquired Zep Manufacturing and began to acquire other businesses. In 1962 National Linen changed its name to National Service Industries, and in the following years became a holding company for a wide variety of companies. One example of A.J. Weinberg’s generosity to the Atlanta Jewish community has resulted in the Lillian and A.J. Weinberg Center for Holocaust Education at the William Breman Jewish Heritage Museum.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43811/file/116873#t=270.0,300.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43811/file/116873/annotation_set/986/annotation/270","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eRose Marenberg Tesler (1893-1980) was a native of Russia who relocated to Atlanta, Georgia from Hoboken, New Jersey. She was married to Benjamin “Ben” I. Tesler. She was a member of Congregations Beth Jacob and Anshi S’fard in Atlanta.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43811/file/116873#t=270.0,300.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43811/file/116873/annotation_set/986/annotation/271","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003ePearl Marenberg (1860-1951), also known as Bessie Marenberg and Beile Peril Marienberg, was an immigrant from Russia who lived in Hoboken, New Jersey until the death of her husband Benjamin Marenberg. She lived briefly in Atlanta, Georgia before relocating to New York City. \u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43811/file/116873#t=270.0,300.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43811/file/116873/annotation_set/986/annotation/272","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eSidney Cavalier (1906-1991) was the owner of Parkers Snow White Laundry in Atlanta, Georgia. He changed his name to Sidney Cavalier from Sidney Goldstein about 1945. He was born in Hoboken, New Jersey. \u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43811/file/116873#t=270.0,300.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43811/file/116873/annotation_set/986/annotation/273","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eJulius Goldstein (1861-1923) was a grocer in Atlanta, Georgia. He immigrated from Russia to Hoboken, New Jersey, where he lived before relocating to Atlanta.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43811/file/116873#t=270.0,300.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43811/file/116873/annotation_set/986/annotation/274","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eG A \u0026amp; F Grocery Co. (Goldstein, Abelman, and Finkelstein Grocery Co.) was a wholesale grocery business in Atlanta, Georgia during the early 1900’s. Partners were Charles Goldstein (president), Simon Abelman (secretary and treasurer) and Jacob Finkelstein (vice president). \u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43811/file/116873#t=300.0,330.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43811/file/116873/annotation_set/986/annotation/275","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003ePossibly Charles M. Weinberg (1888-1961) who was president of Wayne Manufacturing Company, a large manufacturer of industrial and municipal street sweepers that was purchased by FMC Sweeper in 1972 for $21 million. He lived in Beverly Hills, California.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43811/file/116873#t=300.0,330.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43811/file/116873/annotation_set/986/annotation/276","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eFair Street Grammar School was located during the early 1900’s at the corner of Fair Street (renamed Memorial Drive) and Kelly Street, near the Grant Park neighborhood, nestled in a retail district. It was replaced by a new building in 1911. In 1942 it was renamed Ed. S. Cook elementary school and is now an Atlanta charter school named Wesley International Charter School.  \u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43811/file/116873#t=330.0,360.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43811/file/116873/annotation_set/986/annotation/277","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eCrew Street School was the first grammar school opened in the Atlanta Public School System. Crew Street grammar school opened in 1872, which also happened to be the end of Reconstruction in Georgia. The original structure was located at 97 Crew Street between Washington Street and Capital Avenue. It was demolished and rebuilt twice in 1895 and 1911. In 1957, it was one of the nearly 500 buildings demolished for construction of the Interstate 20 expressway. \u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43811/file/116873#t=360.0,390.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43811/file/116873/annotation_set/986/annotation/278","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eHyman M. Yood (1876-1931), a native of Selib, Russia, was rabbi of the Ahavath Achim Synagogue from 1915 to 1919.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43811/file/116873#t=390.0,420.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43811/file/116873/annotation_set/986/annotation/279","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eLithuanian-born Rabbi Abraham P. Hirmes (188?–1946) led Ahavath Achim from 1919 to 1928. Rabbi Hirmes originated the Sisterhood with his wife, whose immediate projects were focused on raising money for the building fund for the synagogue at the corner of Washington Street and Woodward Avenue. About this time, there was an official name change of the congregation from ‘Ahawas Achim’ to ‘Ahavath Achim.’  It was also during this period that Bible School, Junior Congregation, and late Friday night services developed. Rabbi Hirmes studied at the Slobodka Yeshiva in Lithuania and pursued his rabbinical ordination at Yeshiva University-affiliated Rabbi Isaac Elchanan Theological Seminary in New York. \u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43811/file/116873#t=390.0,420.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43811/file/116873/annotation_set/986/annotation/280","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eReform Judaism is a division within Judaism especially in North America and Western Europe. Historically it began in the nineteenth century. In general, the Reform movement maintains that Judaism and Jewish traditions should be modernized and compatible with participation in Western culture. While the \u003cem\u003eTorah\u003c/em\u003e remains the law, in Reform Judaism women are included (mixed seating, \u003cem\u003ebat mitzvah \u003c/em\u003eand women rabbis), music is allowed in the services and most of the service is in English. \u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43811/file/116873#t=420.0,450.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43811/file/116873/annotation_set/986/annotation/281","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eSephardic Jews are the Jews of Spain, Portugal, North Africa, the Middle East and their descendants. The adjective “Sephardic” and corresponding nouns \u003cem\u003eSephardi\u003c/em\u003e (singular) and \u003cem\u003eSephardim\u003c/em\u003e (plural) are derived from the Hebrew word ‘\u003cem\u003eSepharad\u003c/em\u003e,’ which refers to Spain. Historically, the vernacular language of Sephardic Jews was Ladino, a Romance language derived from Old Spanish, incorporating elements from the old Romance languages of the Iberian Peninsula, Hebrew, Aramaic, and in the lands receiving those who were exiled, Ottoman Turkish, Arabic, Greek, Bulgarian and Serbo-Croatian vocabulary. \u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43811/file/116873#t=420.0,450.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43811/file/116873/annotation_set/986/annotation/282","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eAshkenazi is an ethnic division of Jews which formed in the Holy Roman Empire in the early 1000’s. They established communities in Central and Eastern Europe. \u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43811/file/116873#t=420.0,450.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43811/file/116873/annotation_set/986/annotation/283","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe Regenstein family operated Regenstein’s, an upscale women’s apparel store founded by Julius Regenstein in 1892 on Whitehall Street in Atlanta, Georgia. After the death of Julius, his sons Louis, Joseph and Meyer operated the business. It was sold in 1976.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43811/file/116873#t=420.0,450.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43811/file/116873/annotation_set/986/annotation/284","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe history of the Haas family included Jacob Haas (1801-1855), a native of Germany, the family pioneer who first settled in Atlanta in 1846. His daughter Caroline Haas (1848-1914) is thought to have been the first white child born in Atlanta after the city’s name was changed from Marthasville in 1845. Caroline married a cousin, Jacob Haas (1826-1909) who rose to prominence as the president of Capital City Bank in Atlanta. Caroline and Jacob were the father of three sons: Leopold, Edgar Arthur, and Hebert Joseph.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43811/file/116873#t=450.0,480.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43811/file/116873/annotation_set/986/annotation/285","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe Jewish Educational Alliance operated from 1910 to 1948 on the site where the Atlanta-Fulton County Stadium was located. The JEA was once the hub of Jewish life in Atlanta. Families congregated there for social, educational, sports and cultural programs. The JEA ran camps and held classes to help some new residents learn to read and write English. For newcomers, it became a refuge, with programs to help them acclimate to a new home. The JEA stayed at that site until the late 1940s, when it evolved into the Atlanta Jewish Community Center and moved to Peachtree Street. It stayed there until 1998, when the building was sold and the center moved to Dunwoody. In 2000, it was renamed the ‘Marcus Jewish Community Center of Atlanta.’\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43811/file/116873#t=450.0,480.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43811/file/116873/annotation_set/986/annotation/286","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eRabbi David Marx (1872-1962) was a long-time rabbi at the Temple in Atlanta, Georgia. He led the move toward Reform Judaism practices. He served as rabbi from 1895 to 1946. When he retired, Rabbi Jacob Rothschild took the pulpit that Rabbi Marx had held for more than half a century. \u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43811/file/116873#t=450.0,480.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43811/file/116873/annotation_set/986/annotation/287","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eRabbi Tobias Geffen (1870-1970) was an Orthodox rabbi and leader of Shearith Israel in Atlanta from 1910-1970. He is widely known for his 1935 decision that certified Coca-Cola as kosher. He also organized the first Hebrew school in Atlanta, and standardized regulation of kosher supervision in the Atlanta area. Rabbi Geffen and his wife Sara had four sons and four daughters: Joel, Samuel, Louis, Abraham, Lottie, Bessie, Annette, and Helen.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43811/file/116873#t=450.0,480.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43811/file/116873/annotation_set/986/annotation/288","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eOrthodox Judaism is a traditional branch of Judaism that strictly follows the Written \u003cem\u003eTorah\u003c/em\u003e and the Oral Law concerning prayer, dress, food, sex, family relations, social behavior, the Sabbath day, holidays and more. \u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43811/file/116873#t=450.0,480.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43811/file/116873/annotation_set/986/annotation/289","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eFounded in 1904, Shearith Israel began as a congregation that met in the homes of congregants until 1906 when they began using a Methodist church on Hunter Street. After World War II, Rabbi Tobias Geffen moved the congregation to University Drive, where it became the first synagogue in DeKalb County. In the 1960’s, they removed the barrier between the men’s and women’s sections in the sanctuary, and officially became affiliated with the Conservative movement in 2002. \u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43811/file/116873#t=450.0,480.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43811/file/116873/annotation_set/986/annotation/290","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eConservative Judaism is a form of Judaism that seeks to preserve Jewish tradition and ritual but has a more flexible approach to the interpretation of the law than Orthodox Judaism. It attempts to combine a positive attitude toward modern culture, while preserving a commitment to Jewish observance. They also observe gender equality (mixed seating, women rabbis and \u003cem\u003ebat mitzvahs\u003c/em\u003e). \u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43811/file/116873#t=480.0,510.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43811/file/116873/annotation_set/986/annotation/291","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eJewish men cover their heads during prayer with a small skull-cap called a ‘\u003cem\u003eyarmulke\u003c/em\u003e’ or ‘\u003cem\u003ekippah\u003c/em\u003e.’  Orthodox Jewish men wear it at all times to remind themselves of God’s presence. \u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43811/file/116873#t=480.0,510.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43811/file/116873/annotation_set/986/annotation/292","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eJoseph K. Heyman (1888-1967) was the executive director of the Jewish Educational Association (JEA) of Atlanta from 1911 to 1915. Joseph was born in Schaad, Russia (now Seda, Lithuania) and lived in Cincinnati before relocating to Atlanta. He earned a degree in civil engineering from the University of Cincinnati and was a graduate of New York School of Philanthropy (renamed Columbia University School of Social Work). During his life-long career in social work, he was Director of the Federation of Jewish Charities in Columbus, Ohio; Director of the American Jewish Joint Distribution Committee for Baltic States after World War I; Executive Director for the Association of Jewish Charities in Baltimore; and Executive Director of the Jewish Welfare Association of Indianapolis.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43811/file/116873#t=510.0,540.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43811/file/116873/annotation_set/986/annotation/293","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eWorld War I, also called First World War or Great War, was an international conflict that in 1914–18 embroiled most of the nations of Europe along with Russia, the United States, the Middle East, and other regions. The war pitted the Central Powers—mainly Germany, Austria-Hungary, and Turkey—against the Allies—mainly France, Great Britain, Russia, Italy, Japan, and, from 1917, the United States. It ended with the defeat of the Central Powers. \u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43811/file/116873#t=540.0,570.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43811/file/116873/annotation_set/986/annotation/294","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe \u003cem\u003eArbeiter\u003c/em\u003e Ring (Workmen's Circle) is a Yiddish language-oriented American-Jewish organization committed to social justice, Jewish community and Ashkenazi culture. It provides old age homes for its aging members, as well as schools, camps, affordable health insurance and programs of concerts, lectures and holiday celebrations. It was founded in 1900 and was strongly socialist politically. It has moved more to the right on the American political spectrum in modern times. \u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43811/file/116873#t=540.0,570.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43811/file/116873/annotation_set/986/annotation/295","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe Jewish Progressive Club was a Jewish social organization that was established in 1913 by Russian Jews who felt unwelcome at the Standard Club, where German Jews were predominant. At first the club was located in a rented house until a new club was built on Pryor Street including a swimming pool and a gym. In 1940 the club opened a larger facility at 1050 Techwood Drive in Midtown with three swimming pools, tennis and softball. In 1976 the club moved north to 1160 Moore’s Mill Road near Interstate 75. The property was eventually sold as the club faced financial challenges and the Carl E. Sanders Family YMCA at Buckhead opened in 1996.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43811/file/116873#t=540.0,570.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43811/file/116873/annotation_set/986/annotation/296","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eHadassah\u003c/em\u003e, the Women’s Zionist Organization of America, is a volunteer organization founded in 1912 by Henrietta Szold, with more than 300,000 members and supporters worldwide. It supports health care and medical research, education and youth programs in Israel, and advocacy, education, and leadership development in the United States.   \u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43811/file/116873#t=690.0,720.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43811/file/116873/annotation_set/986/annotation/297","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe United Hebrew School was created by leaders of Ahavath Achim Congregation and housed in the Jewish Education Alliance building. When the congregation moved to a larger synagogue, two or three classrooms were designated in the building’s basement for the school. A Sunday school was developed in the early 1920s to augment the activities of the United Hebrew School. Women members organized themselves into a sisterhood in September, 1920 and took upon themselves the task of developing and expanding the Sunday school. \u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43811/file/116873#t=720.0,750.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43811/file/116873/annotation_set/986/annotation/298","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eIsadore M. “I.M.” Weinstein (1887-1954) was an Atlanta businessman who was born in New York City and raised in Cleveland, Ohio. In 1919, he founded the National Linen Supply Company, which expanded and eventually grew into National Service Industries. \u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43811/file/116873#t=720.0,750.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43811/file/116873/annotation_set/986/annotation/299","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eJoseph Benjamin Jacobs (1887–1965) immigrated as a child from Lithuania to Atlanta, Georgia. He purchased a substantial interest in the Southern Linen Service in 1922. He joined Isadore. M. (I.M.) Weinstein and Abraham J. Weinberg as partners in the Atlanta Linen Supply Company and in 1928 the National Linen Service Corporation was formed, which ultimately became National Service Industries. With his brothers Hyman S. Jacobs and Edward Jacob Jacobs, he operated several other business ventures under the corporation name of Joseph Thompson Company in Georgia, and Joseph Thompson Liquor Company in Alabama (beer – wholesale whiskies, candy, silk, and nails and tacks). He was a member of Ahavath Achim, The Temple, the Standard Club, the Progressive Club, and a prominent fundraiser for Israel Bonds campaigns in Atlanta.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43811/file/116873#t=720.0,750.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43811/file/116873/annotation_set/986/annotation/300","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eDr. Theodore “Ted” Clinton Levitas (1924-2016) was a native Atlantan and pediatric dentist. He attended Boys’ High in Atlanta. He was a graduate of the Emory University School of Dentistry. He served as chief of staff for the Ben Massell Dental Clinic in Atlanta for several years. He was in the United States Navy during World War II, serving in the Pacific Theater. He was president of the American Academy of Pediatric Dentistry, the American Society of Dentistry for Children, the Southeastern Society of Pediatric Dentistry, the Northern (Georgia) District Dental Society, and Atlanta's Thomas P. Hinman Dental Society. \u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43811/file/116873#t=810.0,840.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43811/file/116873/annotation_set/986/annotation/301","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eElliott Harris Levitas (1930-2022) is a Jewish American politician who was born in Atlanta, Georgia. He was a Rhodes scholar who received a bachelor’s degree from Emory University, law degree from Emory Law School, and masters of law degree from Oxford University. From 1955 to 1958, he served in United States Air Force. He served in the Georgia House of Representatives (1965-1975) and was a United States Congressman from Georgia's 4th district in the United States House of Representatives (1975-1985). \u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43811/file/116873#t=810.0,840.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43811/file/116873/annotation_set/986/annotation/302","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eIrving H. Goldstein (1905-1979) was a prominent dentist and businessman in the Atlanta area. He and his brother Marvin C. Goldstein, also a dentist, built the Atlanta Americana Motor Hotel, Atlanta’s first integrated hotel, which opened in 1961.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43811/file/116873#t=900.0,930.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43811/file/116873/annotation_set/986/annotation/303","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eB’nai B’rith International [Hebrew: ‘Children of the Covenant’] is the oldest Jewish service organization in the world. B’nai B’rith states that it is committed to the security and continuity of the Jewish people and the State of Israel and combating antisemitism and bigotry. Its mission is to unite persons of the Jewish faith and to enhance Jewish identity through strengthening Jewish family life, to provide broad-based services for the benefit of senior citizens, and to facilitate advocacy and action on behalf of Jews throughout the world. \u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43811/file/116873#t=1020.0,1050.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43811/file/116873/annotation_set/986/annotation/304","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eNational Linen Service Corporation was founded as Atlanta Linen Supply Company in 1919 by Isadore (I.M.) Weinstein. In 1928, the company’s name was changed to National Linen Service Corporation. It grew into the largest textile rental company in the United States by the late 1950's having acquired similar companies in 24 states. National Linen Service merged with ZEP Manufacturing, acquired the Atlanta Envelope Company, and the merged company changed its name to National Service Industries.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43811/file/116873#t=1020.0,1050.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43811/file/116873/annotation_set/986/annotation/305","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eRhodes Scholarship is an international postgraduate award for students to study at the University of Oxford, England. It was established in 1902, making it the first large-scale program of international scholarship. \u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43811/file/116873#t=1080.0,1110.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43811/file/116873/annotation_set/986/annotation/306","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eUniversity of Oxford is a collegiate research university in Oxford, England, 50 miles north-northwest of London. It is the oldest university in the English-speaking world and the world's second-oldest university in continuous operation. It is considered one of the world’s great universities. The university is made up of 39 constituent colleges. It does not have a main campus, and its buildings and facilities are scattered throughout the center of the city. \u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43811/file/116873#t=1110.0,1140.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43811/file/116873/annotation_set/986/annotation/307","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eEllis Gibbs Arnall (1907-1992) was the 69th Governor of Georgia from 1943-1947. \u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43811/file/116873#t=1110.0,1140.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43811/file/116873/annotation_set/986/annotation/308","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eBarbara “Babs” Claire Hillman Levitas was a native of Atlanta, Georgia (born 1934). She was the wife of Elliott Harris Levitas, a United States Congressman. She was a teacher who graduated from the University of Michigan, and a volunteer for the League of Women Voters. \u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43811/file/116873#t=1140.0,1170.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43811/file/116873/annotation_set/986/annotation/309","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eMorris Berthold Abram (1918-2000) was an American lawyer, civil rights activist and leader in the Jewish community who grew up in Fitzgerald, Georgia. Defending civil rights workers in Georgia in 1963, Abram won decisions that helped overturn the state's insurrection and illegal assembly laws, which had been used against civil rights demonstrators. Over the years, Abram helped bring civil rights cases to the United States Supreme Court. President John F. Kennedy named him the first general counsel to the Peace Corps in 1961. President Lyndon B. Johnson made him United States representative to the United Nations Commission on Human Rights, co-chairman of the Planning Committee of the White House Conference on Civil Rights and a member of the Committee on the Office of Economic Opportunity. Abram served as President of Brandeis from 1968-1970. He was the Representative of the United States to the European Office of the United Nations from 1989 to 1993. In 1993 he founded United Nations Watch while he was Honorary President of the American Jewish Committee.  \u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43811/file/116873#t=1140.0,1170.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43811/file/116873/annotation_set/986/annotation/310","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eLeon Samuel Eplan (1928-2021) was born in Jacksonville, Florida and moved to Atlanta, Georgia as a child. He was an urban planner who served as planning commissioner for the City of Atlanta. He was a graduate of Boys' High in Atlanta, and held degrees in sociology and regional planning from Emory University, University of Tennessee and University of North Carolina. He served in the United States Army.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43811/file/116873#t=1140.0,1170.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43811/file/116873/annotation_set/986/annotation/311","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe Phi Beta Kappa Society celebrates and advocates excellence in the liberal arts and sciences. Its campus chapters invite for induction the most outstanding arts and sciences students at American’s leading colleges and universities. The Society sponsors activities to advance these studies—the humanities, the social sciences, and the natural sciences—in higher education and in society at large.  \u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43811/file/116873#t=1140.0,1170.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43811/file/116873/annotation_set/986/annotation/312","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eSteven Jay Levitas is an attorney in Raleigh, North Carolina who was born in Atlanta, Georgia. He was a graduate of the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill and Harvard Law School. \u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43811/file/116873#t=1200.0,1230.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43811/file/116873/annotation_set/986/annotation/313","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eWilliam F. Dykes High School was an Atlanta public high school from 1959 to 1973. It was located in the Buckhead area of Atlanta, Georgia. \u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43811/file/116873#t=1200.0,1230.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43811/file/116873/annotation_set/986/annotation/314","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eLeslie Fay Levitas.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43811/file/116873#t=1230.0,1260.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43811/file/116873/annotation_set/986/annotation/315","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eAnthony “Tony” Clark Levitas is a licensed psychologist in Atlanta, Georgia. He is also a musician with Tony Levitas and the Levitations, a rock and roll band. \u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43811/file/116873#t=1260.0,1290.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43811/file/116873/annotation_set/986/annotation/316","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eKarin Eve Levitas, a native of Atlanta, Georgia is married to Robert William Een, a prominent musical composer.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43811/file/116873#t=1290.0,1320.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43811/file/116873/annotation_set/986/annotation/317","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eUnited Way is a national system of volunteers, contributors and local charities helping people in their own communities.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43811/file/116873#t=1320.0,1350.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43811/file/116873/annotation_set/986/annotation/318","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eSusan Debra Levitas is a native of Atlanta, Georgia who lived in New Orleans, Louisiana until Hurricane Katrina in 2005. Along with her husband Jeffrey “Jake” Schwartz and their daughter, she returned to Atlanta where she has been president of the board of Jewish Kids Groups, an independent Hebrew school, and served on the board of Rebecca’s Tent, a women’s shelter that was started by Congregation Shearith Israel in Atlanta. She is the producer of \u003cem\u003eShalom Y’all,\u003c/em\u003e a documentary about Jewish life in the South, and a voice over artist. She earned a bachelor’s degree in acting from New York University and a master’s degree in folklore from University of Pennsylvania. She is the daughter of former Congressman Elliott Levitas. She is the interviewer in the second interview in this series. \u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43811/file/116873#t=1320.0,1350.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43811/file/116873/annotation_set/986/annotation/319","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eKevin Noah Levitas is a former member of the Georgia House of Representatives, representing District 82 from 2007 to 2011. His professional experience includes working as an attorney, Vice President of Hill Manufacturing, Incorporated, DeKalb County Prosecutor, Special Assistant United States Attorney and Legislative Assistant to Speaker of the United States House of Representatives. He is a member of the American Jewish Committee, Anti-Defamation League, Northlake Community Alliance, Tucker Business Association, Southeast Region Anti-Defamation League Board of Directors and the Tucker Civic Association. He is the son of former Congressman Elliott Levitas.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43811/file/116873#t=1350.0,1380.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43811/file/116873/annotation_set/986/annotation/320","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eDr. Nanette Wenger is a prominent and pioneering cardiologist in Atlanta. She got her medical degree from Harvard in 1954 and went on to study at Mt. Sinai Hospital in New York City and Emory University in Atlanta, where she was among the first faculty hired for the Emory University Medical School. She also became the Director of the Cardiac Clinics at Grady Memorial Hospital.  \u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43811/file/116873#t=1410.0,1440.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43811/file/116873/annotation_set/986/annotation/321","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe Montefiore Relief Association was an organization that began its life in 1890 and was renamed the Jewish Family Services of Atlanta. Its name and focus changed multiple times. It became a constituent agency of the Jewish Federation of Atlanta. In 1982 Jewish Family Services incorporated as a separate organization, although it continued to maintain its affiliation with the Federation. It operated the Jewish Family and Children’s Bureau and the Ben Massell Dental Clinic. Jewish Family Services merged with Jewish Vocational Services in 1997 to become Jewish Family and Career Services.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43811/file/116873#t=1560.0,1590.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43811/file/116873/annotation_set/986/annotation/322","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe Jewish Interest Free Loan of Atlanta (JIFLA) opened its doors in 2010 to provide interest-free loans to help with mortgage arrears, dental or medical costs, temporary unemployment, funeral cost, and debt reduction. It’s predecessors in Atlanta included the Morris Lichtenstein Free Loan Fund, founded in the 1890’s as the Montefiore Relief Association, the Congregation Ahavath Achim (AA) Free Loan Association founded in 1930. AA’s free loan fund existed until the early 1960’s when it ceased operating and transferred its remaining assets to the Jewish Home for the Aged.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43811/file/116873#t=1590.0,1620.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43811/file/116873/annotation_set/986/annotation/323","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eVictor Hugo Kriegshaber (1859-1934) was the founder and first president of the Atlanta Terra Cotta Company; a director of the Atlanta Art Glass Co.; and vice-president of the National Builders' Supply Association. Kriegshaber was born in Louisville, Kentucky, to Prussian immigrants and came to Atlanta in 1889. Having left his civil engineer's position with the Central of Georgia Railway to become a contractor, he was soon president of his own building material supply company. He was a director of the Chamber of Commerce and, in 1914, was part of the committee from the Chamber that spearheaded the new development at Lakewood for the Southeastern Fair. A charter member of the Rotary Club, Kriegshaber also served as director of the local council of the Boy Scouts of America; president of the Jewish Charities and of the Jewish Educational Alliance; and director of the Hebrew Orphan's Home. He was instrumental in establishing the city's first public playgrounds for children and was later vice-president of the Playground Association of America. In 1905 Kriegshaber was one of the organizers of the Standard Club, serving as its first vice-president. Kriegshaber served on the executive committee of the Atlanta Music Festival Association from its founding in 1909. The Atlanta Music Festival led to the establishment of the Atlanta Philharmonic Society, of which he was president until 1934. He advocated, along with Rabbi David Marx, for the creation of the Federation of Jewish Charities in 1906 to combine the activities of the Hebrew Relief Society, Free Kindergarten and Social Settlement, Council of Jewish Women, and the Central Immigration Committee. The Victor H. Kriegshaber House, the home he built in 1900 in the historic Inwood Park area of Atlanta, is now a designated landmark also known as “The Wrecking Bar.” \u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43811/file/116873#t=1590.0,1620.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43811/file/116873/annotation_set/986/annotation/324","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eJacob \"Jake\" Jacobs (1880-1949) and his wife Rebecca were members of Ahavath Achim. He was a native of London who lived in Atlanta most of his life. He was one of the first advocates for public housing for black residents in the City of Atlanta and for the establishment of the Jewish Home of Atlanta. \u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43811/file/116873#t=1590.0,1620.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43811/file/116873/annotation_set/986/annotation/325","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eMorris Lichtenstein (1868-1926) was born in Bawske, Kurland, Russia, near Latvia, the son of J. B. and Hindy Lichtenstein. He emigrated to Baltimore, Maryland in 1890, and settled in Atlanta in 1892. In 1913 he entered the insurance and loan business and organized the Mutual Savings Company later known as the Morris Lichtenstein \u0026amp; Company, General Insurance \u0026amp; Loans. Other interests were the Montefiore Relief Association, the Morris Lichtenstein Free Loan Society, the Jewish Educational Alliance and the Federation of Jewish Charities. Lichtenstein was chairman of the  Free Loan Fund that was founded in the 1890’s and renamed the Morris Lichtenstein Free Loan Fund as a tribute after his death. The Free Loan Fund was an important source of capital for Jewish merchants. It became a functional department of the Federation of Jewish Charities in 1912, the forerunner of the Jewish Federation of Greater Atlanta, and helped Jewish Atlantans well into the depression years when it disappeared. \u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43811/file/116873#t=1590.0,1620.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43811/file/116873/annotation_set/986/annotation/326","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eWorld War I, also called First World War or Great War, was an international conflict that in 1914-1918 embroiled most of the nations of Europe along with Russia, the United States, the Middle East, and other regions. The war pitted the Central Powers—mainly Germany, Austria-Hungary, and Turkey—against the Allies—mainly France, Great Britain, Russia, Italy, Japan, and, from 1917, the United States. It ended with the defeat of the Central Powers. \u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43811/file/116873#t=1620.0,1650.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43811/file/116873/annotation_set/986/annotation/327","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eAtlanta Jewish Community Center (AJCC) was officially founded in 1910, as the Jewish Educational Alliance. In the late 1940’s it evolved into the Atlanta Jewish Community Center and moved to Peachtree Street. It stayed there until 1998, when the building was sold and the center moved to Dunwoody. In 2000, it was renamed the ‘Marcus Jewish Community Center of Atlanta.’ \u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43811/file/116873#t=1650.0,1680.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43811/file/116873/annotation_set/986/annotation/328","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eCraps is a dice game in which the players make wagers on the outcome of the roll, or a series of rolls, of a pair of dice. Unlike casino craps, street craps, also known as ‘shooting dice’ or ‘shooting craps,’ is played in informal settings since little equipment is required. \u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43811/file/116873#t=1650.0,1680.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43811/file/116873/annotation_set/986/annotation/329","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eAtlanta native Meyer Balser (1908-2004) was a business and civic leader. He served as chairman of the Red Cross and Community Chest (predecessor to United Way) campaigns. He was twice named ‘Man of the Year’ of Massachusetts Mutual Life Insurance Company where he was a leading insurance agent for many years. He received numerous accolades and awards for his leadership in Atlanta’s Jewish community including the Atlanta Jewish Community Center and the Atlanta Jewish Federation. The Meyer Balser Naturally Occurring Retirement Community at the William Breman Jewish Home which offers programs and services to help seniors live independently in their own homes is named in his honor. A book about his life by Vida Goldgar, \u003cem\u003eA Goal Worth Shooting For: The Biography of Meyer Balser\u003c/em\u003e, was published in 1998. \u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43811/file/116873#t=1650.0,1680.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43811/file/116873/annotation_set/986/annotation/330","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eMerlin’s Delicatessen is at 321 Capitol Avenue in Atlanta, Georgia.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43811/file/116873#t=1740.0,1770.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43811/file/116873/annotation_set/986/annotation/331","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eBorscht is a soup that is popular in many Central and Eastern European countries and was brought from these regions by Slavic and Ashkenazi Jewish immigrants to the United States, where it remains a popular dish in these ethnic communities as well. The soup is of Ukrainian origin, made with beetroot as the main ingredient giving it a deep reddish-purple color.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43811/file/116873#t=1740.0,1770.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43811/file/116873/annotation_set/986/annotation/332","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eTurnip greens and grits is a dish of coarsely ground corn kernels boiled with water or milk. It is popular in the Southern United States. \u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43811/file/116873#t=1740.0,1770.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43811/file/116873/annotation_set/986/annotation/333","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eHarry Maxwell Gershon (1897-1937) was a resident of Atlanta and a salesman for the Penn Mutual Life Insurance Company. \u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43811/file/116873#t=1770.0,1800.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43811/file/116873/annotation_set/986/annotation/334","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eRebecca “Reb” Mathis Gershon (1899-1987) was born in Chattanooga, Tennessee but her grandparents came from Germany. On a visit to Atlanta she met and later married Harry Gershon. She was involved in the life of the Jewish community of Atlanta including the National Council of Jewish Women, the Jewish Federation of Greater Atlanta, \u003cem\u003eHadassah\u003c/em\u003e, as well as in the Civil Rights Movement. \u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43811/file/116873#t=1770.0,1800.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43811/file/116873/annotation_set/986/annotation/335","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eJosephine (Jo) Joel Heyman (1901-1993) was a Jewish civic and political activist in Atlanta. During the 1930s, she conducted night classes to teach Holocaust refugees English. When the Association of Southern Women for the Prevention of Lynching expanded, she became an active member. In the 1940s she was one of five women founders of the United Nations Association of Atlanta. She and her friend, Eleanor Raoul Greene, started the DeKalb County chapter of the League of Women Voters. In the 1960s, she turned her efforts to promoting racial desegregation. She also gave years of service and leadership in the National Council of Jewish Women and \u003cem\u003eHadassah\u003c/em\u003e. \u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43811/file/116873#t=1770.0,1800.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43811/file/116873/annotation_set/986/annotation/336","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eHerman Heyman (1898-1968) was born in Atlanta, Georgia. He was a graduate of Tech High School, the University of Georgia, and Columbia University Law School. He served as a second lieutenant in the First World War. Upon graduation, he opened his own practice, eventually joining the firm of his father, who was also a prominent Atlanta attorney. Along with Elliott Abram, he successfully argued the case that abolished Georgia's county unit system which had provided outsized political influence to the smaller counties. In the Jewish community, he served as president for The Temple, the Federation of Social Services, the Atlanta chapter of the American Jewish Committee, and the Atlanta Lodge of B’nai B’rith. He was also president of  the Atlanta Community Planning Council and the Legal Aid Society. \u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43811/file/116873#t=1770.0,1800.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43811/file/116873/annotation_set/986/annotation/337","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eHannah Grossman Shulhafer (1901-1984) was an active leader in the Jewish and general communities as far back as the 1920s. She engaged in the resettlement of Jewish refugees from Europe and was active in the Civil Rights Movement. Hannah was a leading figure in the Atlanta Jewish Federation, the Welfare Fund and was a Zionist and ardent supporter of Israel.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43811/file/116873#t=1770.0,1800.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43811/file/116873/annotation_set/986/annotation/338","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eRhea Hirsch Montag (1899-1982) was an Atlanta artist and a founding member of the Atlanta Art Associates. She was active in the American Red Cross during World War I and World War II. She was an honorary alumna of Georgia Tech and a member of the Thousand Club of Georgia. A native of Atlanta, Mrs. Montag was a graduate of the Washington Seminary. Her husband was Harold E. Montag, president and chairman of the board of Montag Bros. Inc.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43811/file/116873#t=1800.0,1830.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43811/file/116873/annotation_set/986/annotation/339","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eWilliam T. Rich (1887-1954) was a prominent Atlanta businessman. He was president of Hygena Co., a director of Rich’s, Inc., vice president of Jacobs Pharmacy, a partner in the Galenol Co., and a vice president of M. Rich \u0026amp; Bros. He was past president of the Temple. He was a graduate of the Atlanta public schools and of the Georgia Institute of Technology. He was the son of Daniel Rich, one of the founders of Rich’s, Inc. \u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43811/file/116873#t=1800.0,1830.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43811/file/116873/annotation_set/986/annotation/340","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eAdeline Mayer Kriegshaber (1869-1939) was the second wife of Victor Hugo Kriegshaber. \u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43811/file/116873#t=1800.0,1830.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43811/file/116873/annotation_set/986/annotation/341","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eMax Michael (1884-1949) was a prominent lawyer, banker, and civic leader in Athens, Georgia. He established the Simon Michael II Memorial Clinic for the treatment of children in memory of his son who was killed during World War II. He was a graduate of the University of Georgia in Athens. He was an attorney with Green and Michael, an Athens law firm, and president of the National Bank of Athens. He was president of the Congregation Children of Israel in Athens and a local chairman of the United Jewish Appeal. \u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43811/file/116873#t=1830.0,1860.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43811/file/116873/annotation_set/986/annotation/342","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eEugene Debs (1885-1926) was an American union leader, one of the founding members of the Industrial Workers of the World (‘IWW,’ or the ‘Wobblies’) and several times the candidate of the Socialist Party of America for President of the United States. \u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43811/file/116873#t=1860.0,1890.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43811/file/116873/annotation_set/986/annotation/343","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eSeder\u003c/em\u003e [Hebrew: order] is a Jewish ritual feast that marks the beginning of the Jewish holiday of Passover. It is conducted on the evening of the fifteenth day of \u003cem\u003eNisan\u003c/em\u003e in the Hebrew calendar throughout the world. Some communities hold seders on both the first two nights of Passover. The \u003cem\u003eseder\u003c/em\u003e incorporates prayers, candle lighting, and traditional foods symbolizing the slavery of the Jews and the exodus from Egypt. It is one of the most colorful and joyous occasions in Jewish life. \u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43811/file/116873#t=1860.0,1890.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43811/file/116873/annotation_set/986/annotation/344","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe Holocaust was the systematic, government-sponsored attempt by the Germans to annihilate the Jews of Europe between 1939 and 1945, which resulted in the deaths of nearly 6,000,000 Jews.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43811/file/116873#t=1950.0,1980.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43811/file/116873/annotation_set/986/annotation/345","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eEli N. Evans (1936-2022) was a historian and author of J\u003cem\u003eudah P. Benjamin: The Jewish Confederate\u003c/em\u003e, \u003cem\u003eThe Lonely Days Were Sundays: Reflections of a Jewish Southerner\u003c/em\u003e, and \u003cem\u003eThe Provincials: A Personal History of Jews in the South\u003c/em\u003e. He was born and raised in Durham, North Carolina. He was a graduate of the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill and Yale Law School. He was a speechwriter on the White House staff of President Lyndon B. Johnson and was president emeritus of the Charles H. Revson Foundation in New York City. \u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43811/file/116873#t=1950.0,1980.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43811/file/116873/annotation_set/986/annotation/346","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eLeo Frank (1884-1915) was a Jewish factory superintendent in Atlanta, Georgia. In 1913, he was accused of raping and murdering one of his employees, a 13-year-old girl named Mary Phagan, whose body was found on the premises of the National Pencil Company. Frank was arrested, tried, convicted and sentenced to death for her murder. The trial was the catalyst for a great outburst of antisemitism led by the populist Tom Watson and the center of powerful class and political interests. Frank was sent to Milledgeville State Penitentiary to await his execution.  Governor John M. Slaton, believing there had been a miscarriage of justice, commuted Frank’s sentence to life in prison. This enraged a group of men who styled themselves the “Knights of Mary Phagan.” They drove to the prison, kidnapped Frank from his cell and drove him to Marietta, Georgia where they lynched him. Many years later, the murderer was revealed to be Jim Conley, who had lied in the trial, pinning it on Frank instead. Frank was pardoned on March 11, 1986, although they stopped short of exonerating him. \u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43811/file/116873#t=1950.0,1980.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43811/file/116873/annotation_set/986/annotation/347","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe United Jewish Appeal (UJA) was a Jewish philanthropic umbrella organization that collected and distributed funds to Jewish organizations in their community and around the country. UJA existed from 1939 until it was folded into the United Jewish Communities, which was formed from the 1999 merger of United Jewish Appeal (UJA), Council of Jewish Federations and United Israel Appeal, Inc. \u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43811/file/116873#t=2040.0,2070.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43811/file/116873/annotation_set/986/annotation/348","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eJack S. Balser was born in 1934 in Atlanta. He was named an assistant vice president at Fulton National Bank in 1967. He was a graduate of the University of Alabama and the Wharton School of the University of Pennsylvania. He was the son of Meyer Balser. \u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43811/file/116873#t=2190.0,2220.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43811/file/116873/annotation_set/986/annotation/349","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eZionist Organization of America-Atlanta District was established in 1910. Founded in 1897, the Zionist Organization of America is the oldest pro-Israel organization in  the United States.  It is dedicated to educating the public, elected officials, media, and college/high school students about Israel and to promoting strong United States-Israel relations. \u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43811/file/116873#t=2250.0,2280.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43811/file/116873/annotation_set/986/annotation/350","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eIrving “Ike” I. Goldstein (1882-1977) was born in Russia, and resided in Atlanta, Georgia and Sacramento, California. He was employed as a jeweler and pawnbroker. He was a member of Ahavath Achim Synagogue, Fulton Lodge 216 F\u0026amp;AM, a Shriner, past president of the Progressive Club and a member of B’nai B’rith.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43811/file/116873#t=2340.0,2370.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43811/file/116873/annotation_set/986/annotation/351","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eFannie Segal Goldstein (1900-1982) was a pianist and musician in Atlanta, Georgia who resided also in Sacramento, California and Boston, Massachusetts. \u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43811/file/116873#t=2340.0,2370.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43811/file/116873/annotation_set/986/annotation/352","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eEarlyne Adele Shankerman Levitas (1929-1975) was author of \u003cem\u003eSecrets from Atlanta's Best Kitchens\u003c/em\u003e. She was a native of Clarksdale, Mississippi and a graduate of Louisiana State University in Baton Rouge, Louisiana.  She was a member of the Atlanta Press Club, Pen Women of America, and the Dental Society Women's Auxiliary. She was a member of Ahavath Achim Synagogue, National Council of Jewish Women, B'nai B'rith Women, \u003cem\u003eHadassah\u003c/em\u003e, and Brandeis Women. She was the wife of Atlanta pediatric dentist Theodore Levitas.  \u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43811/file/116873#t=2340.0,2370.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43811/file/116873/annotation_set/986/annotation/353","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eRose Goldstein Anderson (1912-1973) was a social worker in the Atlanta, Georgia and Miami Beach, Florida Jewish communities. A native of Atlanta, Georgia, she was on the staff of the Montefiore Relief Society in Atlanta, a predecessor agency of the Jewish Welfare Fund, and with the Federation Family Service Bureau. She was a graduate of Oglethorpe University and attended Florida State University, where she took graduate courses in social service. After relocating to Miami Beach, she joined the staff of the Miami Beach Social Services Department and was one of the organizers of the Send A Beach Child To Camp program. \u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43811/file/116873#t=2430.0,2460.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43811/file/116873/annotation_set/986/annotation/354","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eSukkot\u003c/em\u003e or \u003cem\u003eSukkos\u003c/em\u003e is a biblical Jewish holiday and a Hebrew word meaning “booths.” During the existence of the Jerusalem Temple, it was one of the three festivals on which the Israelites were commanded to perform a pilgrimage to the Temple. It is seven days long and comes after the ingathering of the yearly harvest. During \u003cem\u003eSukkot\u003c/em\u003e, many Jews eat and live in a temporary \u003cem\u003eSukkah\u003c/em\u003e [plural: \u003cem\u003eSukkot\u003c/em\u003e] in memory of the fragile booths in which the Israelites dwelt in the wilderness during biblical times. \u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43811/file/116873#t=2460.0,2490.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43811/file/116873/annotation_set/986/annotation/355","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eAbraham “Avrum” Meyer Goldstein (1874-1947) immigrated from Russia to Atlanta, Georgia, where he was a cotton waste dealer. He was past president of Shearith Israel. He was a member of the Free Loan Association, Fulton Lodge 216 F\u0026amp;AM, B'nai B'rith, Zionists, and the Progressive Club.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43811/file/116873#t=2460.0,2490.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43811/file/116873/annotation_set/986/annotation/356","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eAnnie “Indy” Kaufman Goldstein (1880-1955) was born in Poland had lived in Atlanta for 50 years. She was a member of the Goodwill Women's Club, the Progressive Club, Brandeis, Hadassah, Ahavath Achim Sisterhood, and Shearith Israel Synagogue. She was the mother of Dr. Irving H. Goldstein and Dr. Marvin C. Goldstein, prominent Atlanta dentists, and the wife of Avrum Mayer Goldstein. \u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43811/file/116873#t=2460.0,2490.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43811/file/116873/annotation_set/986/annotation/357","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eMary Dinah Goldstein Liss (1882-1944) immigrated from Zabludow, Russia (now Poland) and resided in Atlanta, Georgia with her husband, Rabbi Benjamin Liss, before leaving Atlanta. She resided in several other cities, including: Berkshire, Massachussetts; Bay City, Michigan; South Bend, Indiana; and Columbus, Ohio.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43811/file/116873#t=2460.0,2490.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43811/file/116873/annotation_set/986/annotation/358","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eBeryl Liss (1877-1941), also known as Benjamin Liss, immigrated from Russia and resided in Atlanta, Georgia before relocating. After leaving Atlanta, he held positions as a rabbi and cantor in several cities, including: Berkshire, Massachussetts; Bay City, Michigan; South Bend, Indiana; and Columbus, Ohio. \u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43811/file/116873#t=2490.0,2520.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43811/file/116873/annotation_set/986/annotation/359","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eBert Liss (1904-1989) was a prominent businessman in South Bend, Indiana who owned the Indiana Taxicab Company. \u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43811/file/116873#t=2490.0,2520.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43811/file/116873/annotation_set/986/annotation/360","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eSophie Liss Silverman (1907-1956) was born in Atlanta, Georgia and relocated as a child to various cities where her father Benjamin Liss held rabbinical positions. She eventually settled in Columbus, Ohio where her husband managed a grocery. \u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43811/file/116873#t=2490.0,2520.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43811/file/116873/annotation_set/986/annotation/361","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eReva (Rebecca) Chashesman Epstein (1905-2001) was the well-educated daughter of an Orthodox rabbi. Her family immigrated to Chicago, Illinois from Poland after World War I. In 1929, she married Rabbi Harry Epstein.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43811/file/116873#t=2520.0,2550.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43811/file/116873/annotation_set/986/annotation/362","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eYiddish variant of Zabludow, a town in Białystok County in northeastern Poland.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43811/file/116873#t=2580.0,2610.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43811/file/116873/annotation_set/986/annotation/363","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eBen Myer Golden (1911-2007) was an architect who was born and raised in Atlanta, Georgia. He attended Tech High and was a graduate of Georgia Institute of Technology. He was a president and CEO of A.R. Abrams. He twice served as president of Congregation Beth Jacob Synagogue and was a member of Ahavath Achim Synagogue. He was president of the Jewish National Fund and the Zionist Organization of America’s Atlanta District. \u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43811/file/116873#t=2760.0,2790.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43811/file/116873/annotation_set/986/annotation/364","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eRuth Kaplan Golden (1914-2005) was a native New Yorker who settled in Atlanta, Georgia after her marriage to architect Ben Meyer Golden. She was a past president of Beth Jacob Sisterhood and a life member of \u003cem\u003eHadassah\u003c/em\u003e and B'nai B’rith. \u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43811/file/116873#t=2760.0,2790.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43811/file/116873/annotation_set/986/annotation/365","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eMorris “Pinky” Goldstein (1883-1951) was a native of Russia who operated a jewelry and pawnbroker business in Sacramento, California. He lived briefly in Atlanta, Georgia. \u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43811/file/116873#t=2820.0,2850.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43811/file/116873/annotation_set/986/annotation/366","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eAbe Goldstein (1889-1982) was a business and Jewish community leader. He was active in Ahavath Achim and Israel Bonds, the Anti-Defamation League, the Atlanta Jewish Welfare Federation and many other community causes. He founded Prior Tire Company in 1920 and remained active in the business throughout his life. \u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43811/file/116873#t=2940.0,2970.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43811/file/116873/annotation_set/986/annotation/367","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003ePossibly Henry (Goldstein) Kavalier (1882-1964) who resided in Harlem in Manhattan, New York. He was a dry goods merchant.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43811/file/116873#t=3030.0,3060.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43811/file/116873/annotation_set/986/annotation/368","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eMarvin C. Goldstein (1917-1997) was a prominent dentist and businessman in Atlanta. He was a graduate of Boys’ High School in Atlanta, had a combined undergraduate and master’s degree in dentistry from Emory University in Atlanta, and trained in orthodontic dentistry at Columbia University and the University of Michigan. He served as a dental surgeon for the United States Army Air Forces in Europe during World War II.  He and his brother, Irving Goldstein, also a dentist, built the Atlanta Americana Motor Hotel, Atlanta’s first integrated hotel, which opened in 1961. Marvin was international president of the Alpha Omega Dental Fraternity, editor of the American Journal of Orthodontics, president of the Georgia Society of Orthodontists, trustee for the American Fund for Dental Health, honorary fellow in the American College of Dentists and International College of Dentists, and chief of staff of the Ben Massell Dental Clinic. He was a president of Ahavath Achim Synagogue, Atlanta Jewish Federation, ORT Atlanta men’s chapter, Tichon Atlanta, B’nai B’rith’s Atlanta chapter; vice-president of the American Jewish Committee; and a vice-chairman of the board of trustees for the Martin Luther King Center for Non-violent Social Change. \u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43811/file/116873#t=3030.0,3060.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43811/file/116873/annotation_set/986/annotation/369","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eoseph “Joe” H. Goldstein (1888-1969), an immigrant from Zabludow, Russia, was a resident of Atlanta, Georgia. He was one of the founders of the religious school program at Ahavath Achim Synagogue, a president of the Progressive Club in Atlanta, and a Sunday School teacher at the Atlanta Federal Prison. He first relocated to Charlotte, North Carolina where he managed Charlotte Linen Supply, and later to Orlando, Florida, where he managed Orlando Linen Supply, a branch of National Linen Supply. \u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43811/file/116873#t=3030.0,3060.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43811/file/116873/annotation_set/986/annotation/370","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eBenjamin Clarence “Ben C.” Cavalier (1909-1987), born Benjamin Clarence Goldstein in Atlanta, Georgia, relocated to Nashville, Tennessee during the 1930’s where he was a manager in the linen and uniform rental industry. He eventually became chairman and president of Cavalier Industries in Nashville. He served in the United States Army during World War II, when he changed his surname from Goldstein to Cavalier.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43811/file/116873#t=3030.0,3060.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43811/file/116873/annotation_set/986/annotation/371","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eFort McPherson was a U.S. Army military base located in East Point, Georgia, on the southwest edge of Atlanta, Georgia. During World War II, Fort McPherson served as a general depot, where thousands of men were processed for entry in the army. Fort McPherson was closed down in 2011. The property is now owned by actor/producer Tyler Perry, who redeveloped the site into Tyler Perry Studios. \u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43811/file/116873#t=3150.0,3180.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43811/file/116873/annotation_set/986/annotation/372","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eA \u003cem\u003esukkah\u003c/em\u003e is a temporary hut constructed to use during \u003cem\u003eSukkot\u003c/em\u003e. It is often topped with branches and decorated with harvest and Judaic themes. It is a symbolic wilderness shelter, representing the time God provided for the Israelites in the wilderness they inhabited after their freedom from slavery in Egypt.  \u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43811/file/116873#t=3180.0,3210.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43811/file/116873/annotation_set/986/annotation/373","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eGrady Memorial Hospital, frequently referred to as ‘Grady Hospital’ or simply ‘Grady,’ was founded in 1890. It is the public hospital for the city of Atlanta, serving a large proportion of low-income patients. Grady is the largest hospital in Georgia and has come to be considered one of premier public hospitals in the Southeast. \u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43811/file/116873#t=3210.0,3240.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43811/file/116873/annotation_set/986/annotation/374","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eIra Jarrell (1896-1972) was born Helen Ira Jarrell in Meriwether County, Georgia. She began her career as an elementary schoolteacher in Atlanta, Georgia in 1916 and was superintendent of the Atlanta Public School System from 1932 to 1960. She retired when she was accused of resisting desegregation and racial equality in the school system in 1960. She became director of curriculum development section of Georgia State Department of Education from 1960 to 1967. \u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43811/file/116873#t=3240.0,3270.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43811/file/116873/annotation_set/986/annotation/375","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe Jewish Educational Alliance operated from 1910 to 1948 on the site where the Atlanta- Fulton County Stadium was located. The JEA was once the hub of Jewish life in Atlanta. Families congregated there for social, educational, sports and cultural programs. The JEA ran camps and held classes to help some new residents learn to read and write English. For newcomers, it became a refuge, with programs to help them acclimate to a new home. The JEA stayed at that site until the late 1940s, when it evolved into the Atlanta Jewish Community Center and moved to Peachtree Street. It stayed there until 1998, when the building was sold and the center moved to Dunwoody. In 2000, it was renamed the ‘Marcus Jewish Community Center of Atlanta.’ \u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43811/file/116873#t=3270.0,3300.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43811/file/116873/annotation_set/986/annotation/376","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eGeorgia established many temporary war-training camps during World War I. Chamblee, northeast of Atlanta, was the largest in the southeastern United States. It was named ‘Camp Gordon’ in honor of John Brown Gordon, who was a major general in the Confederate army, a Georgia governor, a United States senator, and a businessman. Camp Gordon opened in July 1917, becoming a training site and home of the famous All American 82nd Airborne Division. The citizens of Atlanta held a contest to give a nickname to the new division. Major General Eben Swift, the commanding general, chose ‘All American’ to reflect the unique composition of the 82nd—it had soldiers from all 48 states. The 82nd based at Camp Gordon was active in Europe during World War I. By 1921 Camp Gordon was abandoned. The area is now where DeKalb Peachtree Airport is located. \u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43811/file/116873#t=3360.0,3390.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43811/file/116873/annotation_set/986/annotation/377","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe United Service Organizations Inc. (USO) is a private, nonprofit organization that provides morale and recreational services to members of the United States military, with programs in 160 centers worldwide. Since 1941, it has worked in partnership with the Department of Defense (DOD), and has provided support and entertainment to U.S. armed forces, relying heavily on private contributions and on funds, goods, and services from DOD. Although congressionally chartered, it is not a government agency. \u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43811/file/116873#t=3360.0,3390.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43811/file/116873/annotation_set/986/annotation/378","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eAnn Goldstein Levin (1896-1982) was a native of Atlanta, Georgia but had lived in East Chicago, Indiana, until the death of her husband, Dr. Eli Levin, when she moved back to Atlanta. Her brother, Abe Goldstein, founded Prior Tire Company in Atlanta. \u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43811/file/116873#t=3360.0,3390.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43811/file/116873/annotation_set/986/annotation/379","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eEli Lawrence Levin (1893-1969) was a physician and coroner in East Chicago, Indiana. He was a graduate of the University of Illinois Medical College and was a veteran of the First World War. \u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43811/file/116873#t=3390.0,3420.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43811/file/116873/annotation_set/986/annotation/380","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eRobert Jerome Lipshutz (1921-2010) was an American attorney who served as White House Counsel for President Jimmy Carter from 1977 to 1979. He played a back channel role in the negotiations between Egypt and Israel that led to the signing of the Camp David Accords in 1978. Her served as an officer in the United States Army during World War II. He was a trustee of the Atlanta Jewish Federation and the Union of American Hebrew Congregations, as well as of the Carter Center established by the former president. \u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43811/file/116873#t=3390.0,3420.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43811/file/116873/annotation_set/986/annotation/381","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eBarbara Sorelle Levin Lipshutz (1925-1970) was a native of Gary, Indiana who moved to Atlanta, Georgia after marrying Robert Jerome Lipshutz. She was a graduate of the University of Michigan. \u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43811/file/116873#t=3390.0,3420.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43811/file/116873/annotation_set/986/annotation/382","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe American Federation of Labor (AFL) was a national federation of labor unions in the United States founded in Columbus, Ohio, in 1886 by an alliance of craft unions. Samuel Gompers was elected president at its founding convention and reelected every year, except one, until his death in 1924. In 1955, the AFL merged with the Congress of Industrial Organizations (CIO), a federation that organized workers in industrial unions, to create the AFL-CIO, which has comprised the longest lasting and most influential labor federation in the United States to this day.  \u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43811/file/116873#t=3510.0,3540.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43811/file/116873/annotation_set/986/annotation/383","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe Welfare Fund was one of the organizations that were merged into the Atlanta Jewish Federation. The Atlanta Jewish Federation was formally incorporated in 1967 and is the result of the merger of the Atlanta Federation for Jewish Social Service founded in 1905 as the Federation of Jewish Charities; the Atlanta Jewish Welfare Federation founded in 1936 as the Atlanta Jewish Welfare Fund; and the Atlanta Jewish Community Council founded in 1945. The organization was renamed the Jewish Federation of Greater Atlanta in 1997. \u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43811/file/116873#t=3630.0,3660.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43811/file/116873/annotation_set/986/annotation/384","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eTreif\u003c/em\u003e is food that is not in accordance with Jewish law such as pork or foods that are not prepared according to kosher law. In colloquial usage, refers to anything that is not legitimate. \u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43811/file/116873#t=3660.0,3690.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43811/file/116873/annotation_set/986/annotation/385","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eRed is a slang word for a member or supporter of a Communist or Socialist Party, or a national of a state having such a government, especially the former Soviet Union. The title ‘Red’ is a reference to the color chosen to symbolize revolutionary communism in national emblems such as flags.  \u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43811/file/116873#t=3660.0,3690.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43811/file/116873/annotation_set/986/annotation/386","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eKosher/\u003cem\u003eKashrut\u003c/em\u003e is the set of Jewish dietary laws. Food that may be consumed according to \u003cem\u003ehalakhah\u003c/em\u003e (Jewish law) is termed ‘kosher’ in English. Kosher refers to Jewish laws that dictate how food is prepared or served and which kinds of foods or animals can be eaten. Food that is not in accordance with Jewish law is called ‘\u003cem\u003etreif\u003c/em\u003e.’ The word ‘kosher’ has become English vernacular, a colloquialism meaning proper, legitimate, genuine, fair, or acceptable. Kosher can also be used to describe ritual objects that are made in accordance with Jewish law and are fit for ritual use. \u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43811/file/116873#t=3690.0,3720.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43811/file/116873/annotation_set/986/annotation/387","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eHebrew for ‘study.’ The legal code spanning 1,000 years and based on the teachings of the Bible, the \u003cem\u003eTalmud\u003c/em\u003e interprets biblical laws and commandments. It also contains a rich store of historic facts and traditions. It has two divisions: the \u003cem\u003eMishnah\u003c/em\u003e and the \u003cem\u003eGemara\u003c/em\u003e. The \u003cem\u003eMishnah\u003c/em\u003e is the interpretation of Biblical law. The \u003cem\u003eGemara\u003c/em\u003e is a commentary on the \u003cem\u003eMishnah\u003c/em\u003e by a group of later scholars. \u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43811/file/116873#t=3780.0,3810.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43811/file/116873/annotation_set/986/annotation/388","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eHebrew for ‘teaching. ‘\u003cem\u003eTorah\u003c/em\u003e’ is a general term that covers all Jewish law including the vast mass of teachings recorded in the \u003cem\u003eTalmud\u003c/em\u003e and other rabbinical works. ‘\u003cem\u003eSefer Torah\u003c/em\u003e’ refers to the sacred scroll on which the first five books of the Bible (the Pentateuch) are written. \u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43811/file/116873#t=3780.0,3810.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43811/file/116873/annotation_set/986/annotation/389","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eWashington–Rawson was a neighborhood of Atlanta that was a center of Jewish community in the city. By the mid-1870’s, Washington Street was becoming one of the city's finest residential streets. The neighborhood was wealthy at the turn of the twentieth century: Encyclopedia Britannica of 1910 listed Washington Street as one of the finest residential areas of the city. The neighborhood included the area that is now the large parking lot north of Turner Field, until 1996 the site of Atlanta-Fulton County Stadium. It also included the intersection of the two streets for which it was named. That intersection's location is now the site of the I-20-Downtown Connector interchange.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43811/file/116873#t=3780.0,3810.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43811/file/116873/annotation_set/986/annotation/390","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eStanley Louis Cavell (1926-2018) was an American philosopher who was born in Atlanta, Georgia as Stanley Louis Goldstein. His childhood years were divided between homes in both Atlanta and Sacramento, California. He was the Walter M. Cabot Professor of Aesthetics and the General Theory of Value at Harvard University. He earned a bachelor of arts degree at University of California, Berkeley and a Ph.D. at Harvard University. Among the books he authored was \u003cem\u003eLittle Did I Know: Excerpts from Memory\u003c/em\u003e, an autobiography written in the form of a diary. \u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43811/file/116873#t=3840.0,3870.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43811/file/116873/annotation_set/986/annotation/391","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eRachel Lee Cavell Batkin was born in Alameda, California in 1957. She is an attorney in Kingston, New York.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43811/file/116873#t=3840.0,3870.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43811/file/116873/annotation_set/986/annotation/392","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThirteen-year-old Mary Phagan worked in a pencil factory in Atlanta in 1913. She was found murdered in the basement of the factory at around 3 a.m., on April 27. Her murder led to the conviction and hanging of Leo Frank by a lynch mob in 1915 in Marietta, Georgia. Frank was later pardoned. \u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43811/file/116873#t=3900.0,3930.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43811/file/116873/annotation_set/986/annotation/393","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eLucille Selig Frank (1888-1957) was the wife of Leo Frank, the only Jewish man ever to be hanged for criminal punishment in the United States. During the infamous Leo Frank case, his wife Lucille became a national figure when he went on trial for the murder of Mary Phagan in Atlanta in 1913. After his conviction, his wife lead a campaign to save him from execution. Historians believe that much of her work lead to Governor Slaton commuting Leo's sentence from death to life in prison. (However, a mob broke him out of prison and lynched him.) Even at the time of her death in 1957, the Frank case was still an emotional issue in Georgia, and a proper funeral could not be held for her. Forty-five years after her death, it was revealed that in the early 1960s, family members quietly took her ashes to Oakland cemetery and buried them at her parents' gravesite. The Broadway play \"Parade\" is based on the relationship between Leo and Lucille. \u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43811/file/116873#t=3990.0,4020.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43811/file/116873/annotation_set/986/annotation/394","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eSarah Selig Marcus (1883-1957) was a native of Atlanta. She was a member of the Temple, Temple Sisterhood, Brandeis, Progressive Club, B’nai B’rith Women and the Council of Jewish Women. She was the sister of Lucille Selig Frank and sister-in-law of Leo Frank. \u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43811/file/116873#t=4020.0,4050.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43811/file/116873/annotation_set/986/annotation/395","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eMaxine Lee Bear Marcus (1912-1980) a native of Pensacola, Florida, was a member of Ahavath Achim Synagogue and Congregation Beth Jacob in Atlanta, Georgia. She was active in many Jewish and civic organizations, including Brandeis University Women, the Atlanta Jewish Federation and the National Council of Jewish Women. \u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43811/file/116873#t=4020.0,4050.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43811/file/116873/annotation_set/986/annotation/396","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eHarold Edward Marcus (1904-1985) was the owner of a family business in Atlanta, Marcus Clothing Store. He was a member of Ahavath Achim Synagogue and Congregation Beth Jacob. He was a past president of the Atlanta Chapter of the Zionist Organization of America; a member of Jewish Family and Children’s Services, the Yaarab Temple, Atlanta Masonic Lodge # 1, and the Standard Club; and a former member of the board of Standard Federal Savings and Loan. \u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43811/file/116873#t=4020.0,4050.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43811/file/116873/annotation_set/986/annotation/397","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eRabbi Harry Epstein (1903-2003) was a native of Plunge, Lithuania who served as the rabbi of Ahavath Achim Synagogue in Atlanta, Georgia from 1928 to 1982. Under his leadership the congregation began to shift to Conservatism, which they adopted in 1952. He was educated in a yeshiva in Chicago, where his father was a rabbi, and in New York. He was ordained in 1926 after studying at the Slobodka Yeshiva in Lithuania and the Hebron Yeshiva in Palestine. In 1927, he became a pulpit rabbi at an Orthodox congregation in Tulsa, Oklahoma.  In 1928, he took the rabbinate position at Ahavath Achim Congregation in Atlanta, Georgia, where he introduced a Sunday school, mixed seating of men and women, and the bat mitzvah ceremony for girls. He earned a B.A. Degree in Philosophy and an MA Degree in Theology from Emory University in Atlanta and a Ph.D. Degree in Theology from the University of Illinois School of Law. He was married to Reva (Rebecca) Chashesman and had two daughters. \u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43811/file/116873#t=4080.0,4110.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43811/file/116873/annotation_set/986/annotation/398","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eToo-Ra-Loo-Ra-Loo-Ral \u003c/em\u003e(That's an Irish Lullaby) is a classic Irish-American song that was originally written in 1913 by composer James Royce Shannon  for the Tin Pan Alley musical \u003cem\u003eShameen Dhu\u003c/em\u003e. The song was brought back to prominence by Bing Crosby's performance in 1944's \u003cem\u003eGoing My Way\u003c/em\u003e. \u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43811/file/116873#t=4170.0,4200.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43811/file/116873/annotation_set/986/annotation/399","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eHebrew for ‘Day of Atonement.’ The most sacred day of the Jewish year. \u003cem\u003eYom Kippur\u003c/em\u003e is a 25 hour fast day.  Most of the day is spent in prayer, reciting \u003cem\u003eyizkor\u003c/em\u003e for deceased relatives, confessing sins, requesting divine forgiveness, and listening to \u003cem\u003eTorah\u003c/em\u003e readings and sermons. People greet each other with the wish that they may be sealed in the heavenly book for a good year ahead. The day ends with the blowing of the \u003cem\u003eshofar\u003c/em\u003e (a ram’s horn). \u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43811/file/116873#t=4230.0,4260.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43811/file/116873/annotation_set/986/annotation/400","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eRosh Ha-Shanah \u003c/em\u003e[Hebrew: head of the year; i.e. New Year festival] begins the cycle of High Holy Days. It introduces the Ten Days of Penitence, when Jews examine their souls and take stock of their actions. On the tenth day is \u003cem\u003eYom Kippur\u003c/em\u003e, the Day of Atonement. The tradition is that on \u003cem\u003eRosh Ha-Shanah\u003c/em\u003e, God sits in judgment on humanity. Then the fate of every living creature is inscribed in the Book of Life or Death. Prayer and repentance before the sealing of the books on \u003cem\u003eYom Kippur\u003c/em\u003e may revoke these decisions. \u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43811/file/116873#t=4230.0,4260.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43811/file/116873/annotation_set/986/annotation/401","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe Bible [Greek: the books] is a collection of sacred texts or scriptures that Jews and Christians consider to be a product of divine inspiration and a record of the relationship between God and humans. \u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43811/file/116873#t=4230.0,4260.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43811/file/116873/annotation_set/986/annotation/402","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eKate Goldstein Silver (1907-2008) was born in Atlanta and resided in Woodmere, New York after marriage to her husband Dr. Abraham Gilbert “A.G.” Silver. She was an active member of the United Jewish Appeal (UJA) and Anti-Defamation League (ADL). \u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43811/file/116873#t=4350.0,4380.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43811/file/116873/annotation_set/986/annotation/403","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eAbraham Gilbert “A.G.” Silver (1902-1983) was born in Bucharest, Romania and lived in Atlanta, Georgia throughout his childhood. He was a plastic surgeon in New York City. \u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43811/file/116873#t=4350.0,4380.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43811/file/116873/annotation_set/986/annotation/404","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eGrant Park School was an elementary school in the Atlanta Public School System that first opened its doors in 1903. A new Grant Park School building was constructed in 1929. The original Grant Park School was demolished for the construction of the I-20 interstate exchange during the 1950’s. \u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43811/file/116873#t=4530.0,4560.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43811/file/116873/annotation_set/986/annotation/405","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eRabbi Hyman Solomon (1889-1930) was a native New Yorker who served as rabbi of Beth Israel, a Conservative congregation in Atlanta, from 1915 to 1918. A graduate of New York City College, Columbia University, and Jewish Theological Seminary, he was a secretary for the Rabbinical Assembly, the international association of Conservative rabbis. He was the speaker at the founding of Atlanta’s \u003cem\u003eHadassah\u003c/em\u003e organization in 1916 and considered the leading Zionist in Atlanta at the time. While serving as rabbi of Congregation Beth Israel, he was a delegate to the Zionist convention and Jewish congress, and treasurer of the B’nai B’rith. He left Atlanta to become the superintendent of Boston's first Bureau of Religious Schools in 1918. Subsequently, he was rabbi for Temple Emanuel in Lawrence Massachusetts and Beth Israel Congregation in Vineland, New Jersey. \u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43811/file/116873#t=4620.0,4650.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43811/file/116873/annotation_set/986/annotation/406","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe Grand Order of the Aleph Zadik Aleph (AZA) is an international youth-led fraternal organization for Jewish teenagers, founded in 1924. It currently exists as the male wing of B’nai B’rith Youth Organization, an independent non-profit organization. AZA’s sister organization, for teenage girls, is the B’nai B’rith Girls (BBG).\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43811/file/116873#t=4650.0,4680.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43811/file/116873/annotation_set/986/annotation/407","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eKazatsky is a Russian squat dance that has become associated with Cossacks, in which the dancer squats and kicks his legs out. \u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43811/file/116873#t=4770.0,4800.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43811/file/116873/annotation_set/986/annotation/408","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eHarlan Norman Liss (1922-2003) was born in South Bend, Indiana. He was an aspiring opera singer until developing cancer of the pharynx. He achieved success as a vice president and general manager for Hertz Rent-All and resided in Los Angeles, California in his later years. \u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43811/file/116873#t=4890.0,4920.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43811/file/116873/annotation_set/986/annotation/409","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe \u003cem\u003echazzan\u003c/em\u003e (cantor) is the official in charge of music or chants and leads liturgical prayer and chanting in the synagogue. \u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43811/file/116873#t=4890.0,4920.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43811/file/116873/annotation_set/986/annotation/410","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eA \u003cem\u003eshochet\u003c/em\u003e is an adult male Jew who is trained and accredited by a rabbinic authority in the Jewish dietary laws. Specifically, a \u003cem\u003eshochet\u003c/em\u003e slaughters animals in a way prescribed by Jewish dietary laws to avoid pain to the animal as much as possible, and to safeguard the health of the consumer. \u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43811/file/116873#t=4890.0,4920.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43811/file/116873/annotation_set/986/annotation/411","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003ePonce de Leon Avenue often simply called “Ponce,” provides a link between Atlanta, Decatur, Clarkston, and Stone Mountain, Georgia. \u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43811/file/116873#t=4950.0,4980.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43811/file/116873/annotation_set/986/annotation/412","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eYiddish is the common historical language of Ashkenazi Jews from Central and Eastern Europe. It is heavily Germanic based but uses the Hebrew alphabet. The language was spoken or understood as a common tongue for many European Jews up until the middle of the twentieth century. Yiddish is a reference to a person's language and not necessarily their ethnicity, religion, or culture. \u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43811/file/116873#t=5070.0,5100.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43811/file/116873/annotation_set/986/annotation/413","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eShabbat\u003c/em\u003e (Hebrew) or \u003cem\u003eShabbos\u003c/em\u003e (Yiddish) is the Jewish day of rest and is observed on Saturdays. \u003cem\u003eShabbat\u003c/em\u003e observance entails refraining from work activities, often with great rigor, and engaging in restful activities to honor the day. \u003cem\u003eShabbat\u003c/em\u003e begins at sundown on Friday night and is ushered in by lighting candles and reciting a blessing. It is closed the following evening with the recitation of the \u003cem\u003ehavdalah\u003c/em\u003e blessing.  \u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43811/file/116873#t=5070.0,5100.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43811/file/116873/annotation_set/986/annotation/414","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eBentsch\u003c/em\u003e (Yiddish) means to say a blessing, the \u003cem\u003eBirkat hamazon\u003c/em\u003e, after a meal. \u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43811/file/116873#t=5070.0,5100.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43811/file/116873/annotation_set/986/annotation/415","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eRosh Chodesh\u003c/em\u003e or \u003cem\u003eRosh Hodesh\u003c/em\u003e (Hebrew) is the name for the first day of every month in the Hebrew calendar, marked by the birth of a new moon. It is considered a minor holiday. \u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43811/file/116873#t=5070.0,5100.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43811/file/116873/annotation_set/986/annotation/416","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eCheder\u003c/em\u003e [Hebrew: room] is a Jewish religious elementary school for boys. Religious classes were usually held in a room attached to a synagogue or in the private home of a teacher called a ‘\u003cem\u003emelamed\u003c/em\u003e.’  It was traditional for boys to start at three or five years old, learning to read Hebrew from a primer and studying the Book of Leviticus. Girls did not attend. \u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43811/file/116873#t=5130.0,5160.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43811/file/116873/annotation_set/986/annotation/417","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eProbably a reference to Robert Briscoe (1894-1969), a politician born in Dublin, Ireland who served in the Irish Parliament from 1927 to 1965. He was actively involved in the Irish War of Independence (1919-1921) and the Irish Civil War (1922-1923). He was named Lord Mayor of Dublin (1956-1957 and 1961-1962), an honorary title for the chairman of the Dublin City Council who is elected annually by the Council. In 1965, he was succeeded in Parliament by his son Ben Briscoe, who served for 37 years. \u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43811/file/116873#t=5130.0,5160.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43811/file/116873/annotation_set/986/annotation/418","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eColumbia University (officially Columbia University in the City of New York) is a private, Ivy League, research university in Upper Manhattan, New York City. Columbia University currently occupies 32 acres in the Morningside Heights area of New York City. It was established in 1754 as King's College by royal charter of George II of Great Britain. Columbia is the oldest college in New York State and the fifth chartered institution of higher learning in the country, making it one of nine colonial colleges founded before the Declaration of Independence. \u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43811/file/116873#t=5280.0,5310.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43811/file/116873/annotation_set/986/annotation/419","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe Jewish Home first opened in Atlanta, Georgia in 1951 on land that had been donated by real estate developer Ben J. Massell. It moved to a newer, more modern building on Howell Mill Road in 1971. In 1991, it was renamed the William Breman Jewish Home to honor and recognize its third president, Bill Breman, as the prime motivator of the modern day facility. \u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43811/file/116873#t=5310.0,5340.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43811/file/116873/annotation_set/986/annotation/420","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eVISTA is an initialism for Volunteers in Service to America, a national service program designed to alleviate poverty that was established in 1965. \u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43811/file/116873#t=5340.0,5370.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43811/file/116873/annotation_set/986/annotation/421","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eLillian Carter (1898-1983) was the mother of former president of the United States Jimmy Carter. She was also known for her contributions to nursing in her home state of Georgia and as a Peace Corps volunteer in India.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43811/file/116873#t=5370.0,5400.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43811/file/116873/annotation_set/986/annotation/422","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eTamar Hirshenson de Sola Pool (1890-1981) was president of the \u003cem\u003eHadassah\u003c/em\u003e Women's Zionist Organization of America from 1939 to 1943. Born in Jerusalem, she moved with her parents to New Jersey in 1904. She was married to David de Sola Pool, a rabbi of Congregation Shearith Israel in New York for 50 years. \u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43811/file/116873#t=5430.0,5460.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43811/file/116873/annotation_set/986/annotation/423","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eDavid de Sola Pool (1885-1970) was born in London, England and ordained as a rabbi at the Hildesheimer Rabbinical Seminary in Berlin, Germany. He was a leading American rabbi, scholar, author, and civic leader. He is considered the most prominent Sephardic rabbi in America during the mid-twentieth century. For 50 years, beginning in 1907, he was rabbi for the oldest Jewish congregation in the United States, Congregation Shearith Israel, which is located in New York City and also known as the Spanish and Portuguese Synagogue. Pool translated and edited the Sephardic prayer book for the Union of Sephardic Congregations,\u003cem\u003e Book of Prayer According to the Custom of the Spanish and Portuguese Jews\u003c/em\u003e, and the Ashkenazic prayer book for the Rabbinical Council of America, \u003cem\u003eThe Traditional Prayer Book for Sabbath and Festivals\u003c/em\u003e. He was author of the books, \u003cem\u003eThe Kaddish \u003c/em\u003eand \u003cem\u003eWhy I am a Jew\u003c/em\u003e. He was a president of the American Jewish Historical Society, and wrote several works about colonial Jewish history, including \u003cem\u003ePortraits Etched In Stone \u003c/em\u003eand together with his wife, Tamar de Sola Pool, \u003cem\u003eAn Old Faith in a New World\u003c/em\u003e. \u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43811/file/116873#t=5430.0,5460.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43811/file/116873/annotation_set/986/annotation/424","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eAnn “Annie” Silverman Levy (1897-1995) was born in the town of Coal Creek, Tennessee (later known as Lake City, and now Rocky Top). She spent her childhood in  Chattanooga, Tennessee and resided in Atlanta, Georgia after marrying Sam Elias Levy. She was a graduate of Agnes Scott College. She was the second president of the Atlanta Chapter of \u003cem\u003eHadassah\u003c/em\u003e, serving as president from 1924 to1929 and 1934 to1936). She was president of the Southern Region of \u003cem\u003eHadassah\u003c/em\u003e. She was a member of ORT, the League of Women Voters, and the Council of Jewish Women.   \u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43811/file/116873#t=5460.0,5490.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43811/file/116873/annotation_set/986/annotation/425","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eSam Elias Levy (1895-1968) was born in Cincinnati, Ohio, and moved to Atlanta, Georgia as a child. He first operated a chain of four Sam E. Levy Service Stations in the Atlanta, Georgia area and later embarked on a career as a realtor. He was a graduate of Boys’ High School and graduated from Georgia Institute of Technology (Georgia Tech) with a Bachelor of Science degree in mechanical engineering. He co-founded Georgia Tech’s chapter of the Jewish fraternity Alpha Epsilon Pi. He was a member of the “Don’t Worry Club” at the Jewish Educational Alliance. During the First World War, he was a 2nd lieutenant in the Coastal Artillery Corps of the United States Army. He was aboard the troopship Otran as its commander when it sunk en-route from London to France. He served as a board member for the American Legion Post and the Jewish War Veterans, and was a member of Fulton Masonic Lodge No. 216, Atlanta ZOA District, Scottish Rite, the Shriners, The Temple and Ahavath Achim Synagogue. He was one of the original stockholders of the \u003cem\u003eSouthern Israelite.\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43811/file/116873#t=5460.0,5490.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43811/file/116873/annotation_set/986/annotation/426","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eFive Points refers to the downtown area of Atlanta, considered by many to be the center of town. It was the central hub of Atlanta until the 1960’s, when the economic and demographic center shifted north toward the suburbs. It was recently revitalized, mostly due to Georgia State University having a large presence in the area.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43811/file/116873#t=5580.0,5610.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43811/file/116873/annotation_set/986/annotation/427","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eMiriam Cherrin Strickman Levitas (1936-) was a native of Philadelphia, Pennsylvania who was prominent in Atlanta for her professional and volunteer activities. She received the Woman of Achievement award from the Atlanta Jewish Federation and the Albert Nelson Marquis Who’s Who award, in tandem with the same posthumous award for her husband Dr. Theodore “Teddy” Levitas. She served on the Boards of Jewish Family and Career Services, Jewish Educational Loan Fund, Ahavath Achim Synagogue and Brevard Music Center. During her various professional careers, she was the founding administrator of the Atlanta Stanley H. Kaplan Educational Center, interior designer, designer of apparel and accessories, realtor, and cable TV personality. She was a writer, producer, and host of the cable TV show, At Your Service. She was an accomplished musician who earned a bachelor’s degree in music and elementary education at Temple University in Philadelphia.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43811/file/116873#t=5730.0,5760.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43811/file/116873/annotation_set/986/annotation/428","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eShrayber\u003c/em\u003e is the Yiddish word for writer. It is the noun form of the Yiddish verb \u003cem\u003eshrayb\u003c/em\u003e. \u003cem\u003eShrayberke\u003c/em\u003e is a female writer. \u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43811/file/116873#t=5790.0,5820.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43811/file/116873/annotation_set/986/annotation/429","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eGrandson Anthony “Tony” Clark Levitas. \u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43811/file/116873#t=5880.0,5910.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43811/file/116873/annotation_set/986/annotation/430","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe Atlanta Symphony Orchestra was established in 1945. Robert Spano has been its music director since 2001.  Their main venue is the Woodruff Arts Center. \u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43811/file/116873#t=5910.0,5940.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43811/file/116873/annotation_set/986/annotation/431","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eHenry Sopkin (1903–1988) was an American conductor. He founded, and for 21 years, from 1945 to 1966, led the Atlanta Symphony Orchestra. Before that, he taught conducting at the American Conservatory of Music in Chicago and led the Conservatory Symphony Orchestra. The Atlanta Music Club hired him in 1944. Under the patronage of the Atlanta Music Club, founded in 1915, the Atlanta Symphony emerged in 1947 from a successful Atlanta Youth Orchestra conducted by Sopkin. When he retired in 1966, the Symphony became fully professional. \u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43811/file/116873#t=5940.0,5970.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43811/file/116873/annotation_set/986/annotation/432","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eCharles Jeremy Sopkin (1932-1994) was an author, book editor and publisher who was born in Chicago, Illinois. He moved to Atlanta with his parents as a teenager when his father, Henry, became conductor of the Atlanta Symphony. He graduated from Emory University, served two years in the United States Coast Guard, and earned a master's degree in journalism from Columbia University. He worked at The Atlanta Constitution and The Louisville Times and became an editor of The Saturday Review of Literature.  \u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43811/file/116873#t=5970.0,6000.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43811/file/116873/annotation_set/986/annotation/433","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eBar mitzvah\u003c/em\u003e [Hebrew: son of commandment] is a rite of passage for Jewish boys aged 13 years and one day. At that time, a Jewish boy is considered a responsible adult for most religious purposes. He is now duty bound to keep the commandments, he puts on \u003cem\u003etefillin\u003c/em\u003e, and may be counted to the \u003cem\u003eminyan quorum\u003c/em\u003e for public worship. He celebrates the \u003cem\u003ebar mitzvah \u003c/em\u003eby being called up to the reading of the \u003cem\u003eTorah\u003c/em\u003e in the synagogue, usually on the next available Sabbath after his Hebrew birthday. \u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43811/file/116873#t=5970.0,6000.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43811/file/116873/annotation_set/986/annotation/434","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003ePiedmont Park is a 189-acre park located just north of downtown Atlanta. It was originally designed by Joseph Forsyth Johnson to host the first Piedmont Exhibition in 1887. \u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43811/file/116873#t=6090.0,6120.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43811/file/116873/annotation_set/986/annotation/435","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eSweet sixteen is a girl's sixteenth birthday, or sixteenth-birthday party and a related coming of age party. \u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43811/file/116873#t=6180.0,6210.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43811/file/116873/annotation_set/986/annotation/436","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003ePlural of \u003cem\u003egoy\u003c/em\u003e, which is a Yiddish term meaning “people” or “nation.”  In common usage, it designates a non-Jewish or Gentile person. \u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43811/file/116873#t=6300.0,6330.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43811/file/116873/annotation_set/986/annotation/437","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eLa Juive\u003c/em\u003e [French: The Jewess] is a grand opera first performed in Paris, France in 1835 that was composed by a Jew. It includes Jewish themes and characters that have been controversial. \u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43811/file/116873#t=6300.0,6330.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43811/file/116873/annotation_set/986/annotation/438","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eEnrico Caruso (1873-1921) was an Italian operatic tenor. He sang to great acclaim at the major opera houses of Europe and the Americas, appearing in a wide variety of roles from the Italian and French repertoires. Caruso also made approximately 290 commercially released recordings from 1902 to 1920. \u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43811/file/116873#t=6330.0,6360.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43811/file/116873/annotation_set/986/annotation/439","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eRosa Ponselle (1897-1981), born Rosa Ponzillo in Meriden, Connecticut, was an American operatic soprano who sang mainly at the New York Metropolitan Opera. \u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43811/file/116873#t=6330.0,6360.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43811/file/116873/annotation_set/986/annotation/440","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eSchvartze is Yiddish slang for a black person. \u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43811/file/116873#t=6390.0,6420.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43811/file/116873/annotation_set/986/annotation/441","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe Golan Heights is a rocky plateau in the mountains that overlook southern Syria. It was captured by Israel in the 1967 Six ­Day War and they retain it as a national security buffer zone. \u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43811/file/116873#t=6450.0,6480.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43811/file/116873/annotation_set/986/annotation/442","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eMasada is the name for a site of ancient palaces and fortifications in southern Israel, on top of an isolated rock plateau on the eastern edge of the Judean Desert, overlooking the Dead Sea. Masada is best known for the resistance that occurred there in the first century CE when Roman troops besieged the plateau. Rather than be captured, the rebels committed mass suicide.  Today it has been excavated and can be visited by tourists. \u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43811/file/116873#t=6450.0,6480.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43811/file/116873/annotation_set/986/annotation/443","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eProbably a reference to the American Soviet Jewry Movement, a human rights campaign that advocated for the right of Jews in the Soviet Union to emigrate. A protest movement on behalf of Soviet Jewry spread throughout the United States during the 1960’s and 1970’s in response to the closure of synagogues, imprisonment and execution of Jewish leaders, and antisemitism experienced by Soviet Jews. When Soviet performers visited the United States, Jewish pickets demanding rights for Soviet Jews often greeted them. \u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43811/file/116873#t=6540.0,6570.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43811/file/116873/annotation_set/986/annotation/444","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eFranklin Delano Roosevelt (1882-1945) was the 32nd President of the United States and a central figure in world events during the mid-twentieth century, leading the United States through a time of worldwide economic crisis and war. Popularly known as ‘FDR,’ he collapsed and died in his home in Warm Springs, Georgia just a few months before the end of the war. He was a Democrat. FDR was an avid horse rider and enjoyed an active early life. He was diagnosed with infantile paralysis, better known as polio, in 1921, at the age of 39. Despite permanent paralysis from the waist down, he was careful never to be seen using his wheelchair in public, and great care was taken to prevent any portrayal in the press that would highlight his disability. \u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43811/file/116873#t=6540.0,6570.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43811/file/116873/annotation_set/986/annotation/445","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eHaman is a biblical character, court official, and villain whose plan to destroy the Jews of Persia was thwarted by Queen Esther. The story was recorded in the biblical Book of Esther and recited on the Jewish holiday of Purim. \u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43811/file/116873#t=6660.0,6690.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43811/file/116873/annotation_set/986/annotation/446","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eZionist is a person who supports Zionism, a movement that resulted in the establishment and development of the state of Israel and supports the continued existence of Israel. \u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43811/file/116873#t=6690.0,6720.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43811/file/116873/annotation_set/986/annotation/447","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eJoseph “Joe” H. Goldstein (1887-1969).\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43811/file/116873#t=6690.0,6720.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43811/file/116873/annotation_set/986/annotation/448","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eYeshiva\u003c/em\u003e [Hebrew: sitting] is a Jewish educational institution for religious instruction that is equivalent to high school. It also refers to a \u003cem\u003eTalmudic\u003c/em\u003e college for unmarried male students from their teenage years to their early twenties. \u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43811/file/116873#t=6720.0,6750.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43811/file/116873/annotation_set/986/annotation/449","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003e Gefilte fish is an Ashkenazi Jewish dish made from a poached mixture of ground deboned fish, such as carp, whitefish or pike, which is typically eaten as an appetizer. The dish is popular on the Sabbath and holidays such as Passover, although it may be consumed throughout the year. \u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43811/file/116873#t=6750.0,6780.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43811/file/116873/annotation_set/986/annotation/450","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eFleishig\u003c/em\u003e [Yiddish: \u003cem\u003eFleyshik\u003c/em\u003e] in Jewish dietary laws means consisting of, made with, or used only for meat or meat products. \u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43811/file/116873#t=6750.0,6780.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43811/file/116873/annotation_set/986/annotation/451","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eChallah is a special Jewish braided bread eaten on Sabbath and Jewish holidays.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43811/file/116873#t=6750.0,6780.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43811/file/116873/annotation_set/986/annotation/452","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eTzimmes\u003c/em\u003e or \u003cem\u003etsimmes\u003c/em\u003e is a traditional Ashkenazi Jewish sweet stew made from carrots and dried fruits such as prunes or raisins. It is often combined with other root vegetables, including yam and meat. \u003cem\u003eTzimmes\u003c/em\u003e is often part of the \u003cem\u003eRosh Ha-Shanah\u003c/em\u003e meal, when it is traditional to eat sweet dishes. \u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43811/file/116873#t=6780.0,6810.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43811/file/116873/annotation_set/986/annotation/453","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eKnaidlach\u003c/em\u003e is Yiddish for \u003cem\u003ematzah\u003c/em\u003e balls. \u003cem\u003eMatzah\u003c/em\u003e balls are Ashkenazi Jewish soup dumplings made from a mixture of \u003cem\u003ematzah\u003c/em\u003e meal, beaten eggs, water, and a fat, such as oil, margarine, or chicken fat. \u003cem\u003eMatzah\u003c/em\u003e balls are traditionally served in chicken soup and are a staple food on the Jewish holiday of Passover.  \u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43811/file/116873#t=6780.0,6810.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43811/file/116873/annotation_set/986/annotation/454","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eLokshen\u003c/em\u003e is Yiddish for ‘noodles.’ \u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43811/file/116873#t=6780.0,6810.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43811/file/116873/annotation_set/986/annotation/455","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eCholent\u003c/em\u003e is a traditional Jewish stew. It is usually simmered overnight for 12 hours or more, and eaten for lunch on \u003cem\u003eShabbat\u003c/em\u003e (the Sabbath). \u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43811/file/116873#t=6840.0,6870.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43811/file/116873/annotation_set/986/annotation/456","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe Taylor Baking Company in Atlanta was owned by Charles Taylor, the father of Herbert Taylor. It was located at 351 Capitol Avenue. \u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43811/file/116873#t=6870.0,6900.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43811/file/116873/annotation_set/986/annotation/457","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eAtlanta Linen Supply Company was founded on April 1, 1919 by Isadore (I.M.) Weinstein. In 1928, the company changed its name to National Linen Service Corporation. The company grew into the largest textile rental company in the United States by the late 1950's having acquired similar companies in 24 states. National Linen Service merged with ZEP Manufacturing, acquired the Atlanta Envelope Company, and the merged company changed its name to National Service Industries.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43811/file/116873#t=6930.0,6960.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43811/file/116873/annotation_set/986/annotation/458","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eLodz [Polish: Łódź] is a large textile-manufacturing city in central Poland, about 120 kilometers (75 miles) west of Warsaw. \u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43811/file/116873#t=6960.0,6990.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43811/file/116873/annotation_set/986/annotation/459","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eHarry Lewis Golden (1902-1981) was an American writer and newspaper publisher. As a reporter for the \u003cem\u003eCharlotte Labor Journal\u003c/em\u003e and \u003cem\u003eThe Charlotte Observer\u003c/em\u003e and publisher of \u003cem\u003eThe Carolina Israelite\u003c/em\u003e, he wrote about and spoke out against racial segregation and Jim Crow laws. He is best known for his best-selling book, \u003cem\u003eOnly In America.   \u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43811/file/116873#t=7020.0,7050.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43811/file/116873/annotation_set/986/annotation/460","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003e[1] Rabbi Ephraim Epstein (1876-1960) was an Orthodox rabbi and prominent member of the Jewish community in Chicago in the half-century after his arrival in Chicago in 1911. He is associated with Modern Orthodox Judaism. Rabbi Ephraim Epstein was born in Bakst, Lithuania and trained at Slobodka yeshiva. He arrived in Chicago in 1911 after being asked to serve as rabbi at Anshe Kneseth Israel, one of the leading Orthodox congregations in the city. He served as rabbi of the congregation for almost 50 years. Rabbi Ephraim Epstein served as an officer with a number of other Jewish self-help organizations, including the Central Relief Committee of America, Relief Committee of Jewish War sufferers, and the Federation of Orthodox Charities.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43811/file/116873#t=7080.0,7110.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43811/file/116873/annotation_set/986/annotation/461","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003ePulliam Street runs parallel to I-75/I-85 in Downtown Atlanta in what was formerly a residential neighborhood in the vicinity of the old Atlanta Stadium. The area was the center of much of Atlanta’s Jewish community from the late nineteenth century through the first half of the twentieth century, and was home to many Jewish families, and civic and business leaders. Several synagogues were located is the neighborhood. \u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43811/file/116873#t=7110.0,7140.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43811/file/116873/annotation_set/986/annotation/462","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eA\u003cem\u003e Shabbas goy\u003c/em\u003e [Yiddish] is a non-Jew who is employed to perform certain types of work that observant Jews are not permitted to do on the Sabbath. Tasks typically included extinguishing the lighted candles or lamps on Friday night and making a fire in the oven or stove on Sabbath mornings during the cold weather. \u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43811/file/116873#t=7170.0,7200.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43811/file/116873/annotation_set/986/annotation/463","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eCongregation Beth Jacob.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43811/file/116873#t=7170.0,7200.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43811/file/116873/annotation_set/986/annotation/464","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eRabbi Tobias Geffen (1870-1970) was an Orthodox rabbi and leader of Shearith Israel in Atlanta from 1910-1970. He is widely known for his 1935 decision that certified Coca-Cola as kosher. He also organized the first Hebrew school in Atlanta, and standardized regulation of kosher supervision in the Atlanta area. Rabbi Geffen and his wife Sara had four sons and four daughters: Joel, Samuel, Louis, Abraham, Lottie, Bessie, Annette, and Helen. \u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43811/file/116873#t=7200.0,7230.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43811/file/116873/annotation_set/986/annotation/465","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eProbably reference to The Atlanta Marriott Marquis, a 52-story hotel in Atlanta, Georgia. The building was designed by Atlanta architect John C. Portman, Jr. with construction completed in 1985, and because of its bulging base, it was often referred to as the \"Pregnant Building\". One of the defining features of the Marriott Marquis is its large atrium. The atrium was the largest in the world upon its completion in 1985, spans the entire height of the building, and consists of two vertical chambers divided by elevator shafts and bridges. \u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43811/file/116873#t=7260.0,7290.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43811/file/116873/annotation_set/986/annotation/466","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eHebrew for ‘dedication.’ An eight-day festival of lights usually falling around Christmas on the Christian calendar. \u003cem\u003eHanukkah\u003c/em\u003e celebrates the victory of the Maccabees in 165 BCE over the Seleucid rules of Palestine, who had desecrated the Temple. The Maccabees wanted to re-dedicate the Temple altar to Jewish worship by rekindling the \u003cem\u003emenorah\u003c/em\u003e but could only find one small jar of ritually pure olive oil. This oil continued to burn miraculously for eight days, enabling them to prepare new oil. The \u003cem\u003eHanukkah menorah\u003c/em\u003e, or \u003cem\u003ehanukiah\u003c/em\u003e, with its nine branches, is used to commemorate this miracle by lighting eight candles, one for each day, by the ninth candle.  \u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43811/file/116873#t=7260.0,7290.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43811/file/116873/annotation_set/986/annotation/467","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe term ‘\u003cem\u003epogrom\u003c/em\u003e’ refers to violent attacks against Jews in the Russian Empire carried out by non-Jews during the 1800’s. The term has been applied to all violent episodes against Jews throughout the world and world history. \u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43811/file/116873#t=7440.0,7470.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43811/file/116873/annotation_set/986/annotation/468","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe word \"Moonie\" was first used by the American news media in the 1970’s when Sun Myung Moon moved to the United States and came to public notice through a series of public speeches he gave. It became prevalent and was used by both critics of the Unification movement and movement members themselves. It is now considered a pejorative reference to Unification Church members.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43811/file/116873#t=7470.0,7500.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43811/file/116873/annotation_set/986/annotation/469","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eJews for Jesus (originally called Hineni Ministries) is a non-profit Messianic Jewish organization that seeks to proselytize Jews towards the belief that Jesus is the promised Messiah of the Jewish people. Jews for Jesus is not considered a Jewish organization by any Jewish authorities. \u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43811/file/116873#t=7470.0,7500.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/43811/file/116873/annotation_set/986/annotation/470","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eSheigetz\u003c/em\u003e is a Yiddish word that has entered the English language and refers to a non-Jewish boy or young man. 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