{"@context":"http://iiif.io/api/presentation/3/context.json","id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/iiif/6w9668b535/manifest","type":"Manifest","label":{"en":["Winters, Walter"]},"logo":"https://d9jk7wjtjpu5g.cloudfront.net/organizations/logo_images/000/000/082/original/TheBreman_SecondaryMark_Horizontal_Blue_Black.png?1713640889","metadata":[{"label":{"en":["Date"]},"value":{"en":["2000-08-28 (created)"]}},{"label":{"en":["Agent"]},"value":{"en":["Walter Winters (Interviewee)","Elfriede Winters (Witness)","John Kent (Interviewer)","Ruth Einstein (Interviewer)"]}},{"label":{"en":["Language"]},"value":{"en":["English (primary)"]}},{"label":{"en":["Publisher"]},"value":{"en":["William Breman Jewish Heritage Museum"]}},{"label":{"en":["Description"]},"value":{"en":["\u003cp\u003eWalter introduces his family. He discusses the economic and political situation in Germany in the 1930s. He talks about attending synagogue. Walter states why his political preferences are so strong. He expresses his frustration at the continued existence of German companies who collaborated with the Nazis and at the reunification of Germany. Walter remembers when Jewish schools were closed and Jews were used as forced laborers. He talks about the sabotage he engaged in while working in a parachute factory. Walter recalls how his father was arrested and his mother was harassed. He describes when he and his mother were arrested and sent to Auschwitz-Birkenau. Walter laments the lack of international support for Jews trying to leave Germany, and the lack of resistance to the Nazis. He talks about his experiences in different concentration camps. Walter recounts a German civilian foreman who tried to help him and was later killed. He remembers guards and medical experiments in the camps. Walter considers the culpability of the Church in the persecution of Jews. Walter explains his recuperation and emigration after the war. He describes Kristallnacht and the increasing persecution of German Jews. Walter talks about the many camps he was in and the forced labor he performed for German companies. He considers how the Cold War impacted the German economy and contemporary political landscape. Walter remembers liberation. He expresses his disappointment in the post-war reactions of governments and religious organizations. Walter points out the persecution of Jehovah’s Witnesses. He outlines his early days in the United States, his first job, early friendships and meeting his wife. He explains his perspective of Judaism. Walter describes his wedding. Walter considers how the Holocaust has impacted him. He talks about starting a business. Walter talks raising his children. He shares anecdotes about Chicago. Walter recounts why they moved to Atlanta, Georgia. Walter talks about reparations and financial struggles. He talks about health issues and post-war effects. Walter details his political perspectives. Walter shares his pride in his family.\u003c/p\u003e (scope content)","\u003cp\u003eWalter Winters is interviewed by John Kent and Ruth Einstein in Atlanta, Georgia on August 28, 2000. His wife, Elfriede Winters is present.\u003c/p\u003e (general)","\u003cp\u003eWalter Kenneth Winters was born Werner Klaus Winter in Berlin, Germany on June 25, 1925. He was the only child of Georg (1890-c.1942) and Edith Bogen Winter (1900-c.1943). As a child, he attended the Berlin Boys School of the Jewish Community [German: Jüdische Oberschule der Jüdische Gemeinde]. His family was religious, regularly attending the New Synagogue [German: Neau Synagogue], where Walter was bar mitzvahed. Georg ran a successful soap and perfume business. The family led a comfortable life and summered on the eastern seaboard. When the Nazis took over Germany in 1933, life gradually began to change as more and more anti-Jewish restrictions were decreed. Georg was able to maintain a steady business thanks to loyal customers until Kristallnacht in 1938, when his store was destroyed.\u003cbr\u003e \u003cbr\u003eIn June 1942, Walter’s school was closed and he was forced to work at Spinnstofffabrik Zehlendorf AG, a company that manufactured parachutes. In November 1942, Georg was arrested for refusing to wear the yellow star. Edith was unable to secure his release and his fate is unknown. Then, following the Grosse Fabrikaktion [German: Large Factory Action] inFebruary 1943, Walter and his mother were sent to Auschwitz-Birkenau. Edith was presumably murdered upon arrival. Over the next three years, Walter survived numerous concentration camps. As the Russians advanced in January 1945, he was evacuated west, passing through the Gleiwitz, Flossenburg and Sachsenhausen camps before eventually arriving at Muhldorf, where he was finally liberated by American soldiers on May 8, 1945.\u003cbr\u003e \u003cbr\u003eAfter liberation, Walter recuperated in a Bavarian hospital before returning to Berlin. Then, in June 1946, he immigrated to the United States. He arrived in New York City on June 18, 1946 on the SS Marine Flasher. He soon settled in Chicago, Illinois and began working at a hospital and then for pharmaceutical companies.\u003cbr\u003e \u003cbr\u003eIn 1958, Walter married a nursing student, Elfriede Janssen-Timmen (1927-2005, who had also immigrated from Germany. The couple bought a home in nearby Evanston and raised three daughters. They purchased a shoe store in Chicago’s Lincoln Square neighborhood. After three decades, Walter sold the store and its inventory. He and Elfriede moved to Atlanta, Georgia, to be near one of their daughters and their grandsons. Although health problems began to surface, they enjoyed a quiet retirement. Elfriede died on September 27, 2005. Walter died on April 28, 2009.\u003c/p\u003e (bioghist)"]}},{"label":{"en":["Rights Statement"]},"value":{"en":["\u003cp\u003eAll rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, recorded by any information storage and retrieval system, without the express written consent of the William Breman Jewish Heritage Museum.\u003c/p\u003e"]}}],"summary":{"en":["\u003cp\u003eWalter introduces his family. He discusses the economic and political situation in Germany in the 1930s. He talks about attending synagogue. Walter states why his political preferences are so strong. He expresses his frustration at the continued existence of German companies who collaborated with the Nazis and at the reunification of Germany. Walter remembers when Jewish schools were closed and Jews were used as forced laborers. He talks about the sabotage he engaged in while working in a parachute factory. Walter recalls how his father was arrested and his mother was harassed. He describes when he and his mother were arrested and sent to Auschwitz-Birkenau. Walter laments the lack of international support for Jews trying to leave Germany, and the lack of resistance to the Nazis. He talks about his experiences in different concentration camps. Walter recounts a German civilian foreman who tried to help him and was later killed. He remembers guards and medical experiments in the camps. Walter considers the culpability of the Church in the persecution of Jews. Walter explains his recuperation and emigration after the war. He describes Kristallnacht and the increasing persecution of German Jews. Walter talks about the many camps he was in and the forced labor he performed for German companies. He considers how the Cold War impacted the German economy and contemporary political landscape. Walter remembers liberation. He expresses his disappointment in the post-war reactions of governments and religious organizations. Walter points out the persecution of Jehovah\u0026rsquo;s Witnesses. He outlines his early days in the United States, his first job, early friendships and meeting his wife. He explains his perspective of Judaism. Walter describes his wedding. Walter considers how the Holocaust has impacted him. He talks about starting a business. Walter talks raising his children. He shares anecdotes about Chicago. Walter recounts why they moved to Atlanta, Georgia. Walter talks about reparations and financial struggles. He talks about health issues and post-war effects. Walter details his political perspectives. Walter shares his pride in his family.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eWalter Winters is interviewed by John Kent and Ruth Einstein in Atlanta, Georgia on August 28, 2000. His wife, Elfriede Winters is present.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eWalter Kenneth Winters was born Werner Klaus Winter in Berlin, Germany on June 25, 1925. He was the only child of Georg (1890-c.1942) and Edith Bogen Winter (1900-c.1943). As a child, he attended the Berlin Boys School of the Jewish Community [German: J\u0026uuml;dische Oberschule der J\u0026uuml;dische Gemeinde]. His family was religious, regularly attending the New Synagogue [German: Neau Synagogue], where Walter was bar mitzvahed. Georg ran a successful soap and perfume business. The family led a comfortable life and summered on the eastern seaboard. When the Nazis took over Germany in 1933, life gradually began to change as more and more anti-Jewish restrictions were decreed. Georg was able to maintain a steady business thanks to loyal customers until Kristallnacht in 1938, when his store was destroyed.\u003cbr /\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003cbr /\u003eIn June 1942, Walter\u0026rsquo;s school was closed and he was forced to work at Spinnstofffabrik Zehlendorf AG, a company that manufactured parachutes. In November 1942, Georg was arrested for refusing to wear the yellow star. Edith was unable to secure his release and his fate is unknown. Then, following the Grosse Fabrikaktion [German: Large Factory Action] inFebruary 1943, Walter and his mother were sent to Auschwitz-Birkenau. Edith was presumably murdered upon arrival. Over the next three years, Walter survived numerous concentration camps. As the Russians advanced in January 1945, he was evacuated west, passing through the Gleiwitz, Flossenburg and Sachsenhausen camps before eventually arriving at Muhldorf, where he was finally liberated by American soldiers on May 8, 1945.\u003cbr /\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003cbr /\u003eAfter liberation, Walter recuperated in a Bavarian hospital before returning to Berlin. Then, in June 1946, he immigrated to the United States. He arrived in New York City on June 18, 1946 on the SS Marine Flasher. He soon settled in Chicago, Illinois and began working at a hospital and then for pharmaceutical companies.\u003cbr /\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003cbr /\u003eIn 1958, Walter married a nursing student, Elfriede Janssen-Timmen (1927-2005, who had also immigrated from Germany. The couple bought a home in nearby Evanston and raised three daughters. They purchased a shoe store in Chicago\u0026rsquo;s Lincoln Square neighborhood. After three decades, Walter sold the store and its inventory. He and Elfriede moved to Atlanta, Georgia, to be near one of their daughters and their grandsons. Although health problems began to surface, they enjoyed a quiet retirement. Elfriede died on September 27, 2005. Walter died on April 28, 2009.\u003c/p\u003e"]},"requiredStatement":{"label":{"en":["Attribution"]},"value":{"en":["\u003cp\u003eAll rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, recorded by any information storage and retrieval system, without the express written consent of the William Breman Jewish Heritage Museum.\u003c/p\u003e"]}},"provider":[{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/aboutus","type":"Agent","label":{"en":["William Breman Jewish Heritage Museum"]},"homepage":[{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/","type":"Text","label":{"en":["William Breman Jewish Heritage Museum"]},"format":"text/html"}],"logo":[{"id":"https://d9jk7wjtjpu5g.cloudfront.net/organizations/logo_images/000/000/082/original/TheBreman_SecondaryMark_Horizontal_Blue_Black.png?1713640889","type":"Image"}]}],"thumbnail":[{"id":"https://d9jk7wjtjpu5g.cloudfront.net/collection_resource_files/thumbnails/000/239/822/small/Winters_Walter.mp4_1714391748.jpg?1714391749","type":"Image","format":"image/jpeg"}],"items":[{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/128172/file/239822","type":"Canvas","label":{"en":["Media File 1 of 1 - Winters_Walter.mp4"]},"duration":7249.48,"width":640,"height":360,"thumbnail":[{"id":"https://d9jk7wjtjpu5g.cloudfront.net/collection_resource_files/thumbnails/000/239/822/small/Winters_Walter.mp4_1714391748.jpg?1714391749","type":"Image","format":"image/jpeg"}],"items":[{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/128172/file/239822/content/1","type":"AnnotationPage","items":[{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/128172/file/239822/content/1/annotation/1","type":"Annotation","motivation":"painting","body":{"id":"https://aviary-p-thebreman.s3.wasabisys.com/collection_resource_files/resource_files/000/239/822/original/Winters_Walter.mp4?1714391737","type":"Video","format":"video/mp4","duration":7249.48,"width":640,"height":360},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/128172/file/239822","metadata":[]}]}],"annotations":[{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/128172/file/239822/transcript/66761","type":"AnnotationPage","label":{"en":["Winters, Walter [Transcript]"]},"items":[{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/128172/file/239822/transcript/66761/annotation/1","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"WINTERS: I'm for the poor people. I'm so against the rich people, I cannot\ntell you.\n\nKENT: Let us get into that.\n\nWINTERS: Much -- Yes.\n\nKENT: Let us start with your name and birth date, please.\n\nWINTERS: My name is Walter Winters. I was born June 2, 1925 in Berlin, Germany,\nwhere we lived [in] what was the eastern sector of Berlin. Where we ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/128172/file/239822#t=0.0,30.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/128172/file/239822/transcript/66761/annotation/2","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"lived, the\nCommunists were the strongest party then. I was born during the Depression. Yes?\n\nKENT: What was your family situation like?\n\nWINTERS: My family, my father had a soap and perfume business. He had [a branch]\nin Berlin and he had a branch on the eastern seaboard. We used ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/128172/file/239822#t=30.0,60.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/128172/file/239822/transcript/66761/annotation/3","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"to go there every\nsummer [and] spend part of the summer there.\n\nKENT: Can you describe your parents? What kind of people they were?\n\nWINTERS: My father had a soap and perfume stand in my grandfather's business. He\nhad a clothing business, men's and women's clothing, bridal clothing, and\nfuneral clothing. At ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/128172/file/239822#t=60.0,90.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/128172/file/239822/transcript/66761/annotation/4","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that time, when somebody died in the family, the relatives\nwere wearing black clothes for a whole year. He was selling all that. My father\nhad a stand in there. That's how he met my mother and they got married.\n\nKENT: What was your mother like?\n\nWINTERS: I have pictures in my room here of my father and mother, also my\ngrandfather and grandmother, which my ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/128172/file/239822#t=90.0,120.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/128172/file/239822/transcript/66761/annotation/5","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"aunt, that was married to a Gentile\n[non-Jewish] man, they did not take her to a concentration camp. Before we were\ntaken to the concentration camp, she had some of our valuables. I don't remember\nnow if she claimed they were stolen or if she sold them. I don't know. She\ndidn't have them anymore. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/128172/file/239822#t=120.0,150.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/128172/file/239822/transcript/66761/annotation/6","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"The pictures I have, she had. They were small\npictures. My daughter in Los Angeles [California], she enlarged them. She had\nthem enlarged. We have them there in my room at the wall.\n\nKENT: Yes. We will look at those.\n\nWINTERS: There's even a picture when I was a baby on the eastern seaboard with\nmy parents and my aunt, ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/128172/file/239822#t=150.0,180.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/128172/file/239822/transcript/66761/annotation/7","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"my mother's sister. They were married in a double\nwedding on January 1st, 1934. They were smart. They left for Brazil, Sao Paulo,\nBrazil. They suffered terribly from the heat, the tropical heat. I remember her\nsending us this mate tea, the tea [was] 'mate tea' ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/128172/file/239822#t=180.0,210.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/128172/file/239822/transcript/66761/annotation/8","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"they call it. Yes, but\nthere's so much to tell. You've got to ask me because you'll be here forever.\n\nKENT: What are some of your memories from the 1930s, when [Adolf] Hitler came\nin? Can you describe what life was like?\n\nWINTERS: I was a little boy. We had enough to eat. We had a business and we had\nsteady customers. We were delivering soaps and perfumes ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/128172/file/239822#t=210.0,240.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/128172/file/239822/transcript/66761/annotation/9","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"to pharmacies, to\ndrugstores. We had a lot of steady customers. I had -- The life was good in the\nbeginning when the Nazis came to power. Then, it got less [good]. It got worse,\nless and less [good]. I tell you now, while it hurts me, I hate to go to\ndowntown Atlanta [Georgia]. It hurts me when people lie in the street, and live\nin the street, don't ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/128172/file/239822#t=240.0,270.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/128172/file/239822/transcript/66761/annotation/10","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"have a home, and nobody should. I remember that as a little\nchild in Berlin, Germany, that people were lying in the street, hungry, had no\nhome during the Depression. I was born during the Depression. That's how the\nNazis got into power. The Communists and Social Democrats didn't combine. They\ndidn't go together. [There were] too many splinter parties. Then, they ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/128172/file/239822#t=270.0,300.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/128172/file/239822/transcript/66761/annotation/11","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"said,\n\"It's all the Jews' fault,\" because Jewish people had most of the businesses,\nthe retail stores. They did not have the big factories, like the munition\nfactories and that. They only had the small business stores.\n\nKENT: Do you remember how much of a difference or a gap there was between the\nJews and the ethnic Germans? Was there a ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/128172/file/239822#t=300.0,330.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/128172/file/239822/transcript/66761/annotation/12","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"gap?\n\nWINTERS: I don't see before the Nazis there was so much antisemitism. There was\nalways antisemitism, but there was less antisemitism in Germany than in Poland.\nPoland was much worse. Nevertheless, when people go hungry and they don't have\njobs, they will always turned against minorities. That's why I like the\nPresident [William Clinton] and Mrs. [Hillary] Clinton so much and Vice\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/128172/file/239822#t=330.0,360.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/128172/file/239822/transcript/66761/annotation/13","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"President [Albert] Gore and his wife [\"Tipper\" Gore]. I love those people\nbecause they are for the little people and the Republicans are for the rich. I\nhave no use for the rich people.\n\nKENT: What did Jewishness mean to you and your family?\n\nWINTERS: I was raised very religiously. As a matter of fact, I was raised -- I\nwas bar mitzvahed at the -- They call it the 'Neau Synagogue' [German], the New\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/128172/file/239822#t=360.0,390.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/128172/file/239822/transcript/66761/annotation/14","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Synagogue, which they rebuilt in Berlin now, with that golden dome. You can see\nit from far away, the golden dome. I was bar mitzvahed there. Rabbi Noble, an\nOrthodox rabbi with the long beard and payess, he taught me for the bar mitzvah.\nI went to the synagogue every Friday night and Saturday morning. But after ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/128172/file/239822#t=390.0,420.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/128172/file/239822/transcript/66761/annotation/15","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"what\nhas happened that they put gas to people, tell them they go for a shower -- I\nworked right next to the gas chambers there in Auschwitz, Monowitz, Birkenau for\nIG Farben. The successor is Bayer now and Hoescht Celanese. As a matter of fact,\nthese ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/128172/file/239822#t=420.0,450.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/128172/file/239822/transcript/66761/annotation/16","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"ants and termites -- What's the poison? It's made by them. It drives me\ncrazy when I saw these bags. You can't escape it. Henry Morgenthau -- I don't\nknow. Both of you are young people. You were born -- Henry Morgenthau was a\nfinance minister under [President Franklin D.] Roosevelt. Has other people told\nyou this? I tell you. He wanted ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/128172/file/239822#t=450.0,480.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/128172/file/239822/transcript/66761/annotation/17","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Germany to become an agrarian country; only farm\ncountry, no industry. He was right. There shouldn't be any industry no more.\nThis was very humane of him. They would have enough to eat. They wouldn't starve\nlike we do. But it didn't happened. Germany right now, after the United States,\nit's the ex -- It's Germany, United ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/128172/file/239822#t=480.0,510.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/128172/file/239822/transcript/66761/annotation/18","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"States, and Japan are the biggest industrial\npowers in the world. So, with the slave labor, it they give a little stuff, it's\nnothing. Yes, absolutely nothing. That's why I agree with Henry Morgenthau, the\nfinance minister under Roosevelt. Germany should have become a farm country\n[with] no ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/128172/file/239822#t=510.0,540.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/128172/file/239822/transcript/66761/annotation/19","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"industry. Then, I'm against that the wall was opened, too. That they\nwere reunited [was] no good in the long run. In another 50 or 100 years, you're\ngoing to have a Holocaust again; not now. That's why I don't like the Republican\nstance. That [President Ronald] Reagan, he got punished going there and bringing\nflowers to the mass murderers at Bitburg ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/128172/file/239822#t=540.0,570.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/128172/file/239822/transcript/66761/annotation/20","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Cemetery. Elie Wiesel told him that\ntime, \"Don't go there. You should be with the victims, not with the oppressors.\"\nYes, but he got punished.\n\nKENT: When things became more oppressive for the Jews in the late 1930s, how did\nyou personally respond to any persecution or insults that came your way?\n\nWINTERS: I was a little child. As a matter of fact, I went ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/128172/file/239822#t=570.0,600.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/128172/file/239822/transcript/66761/annotation/21","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"to the middle school,\nJewish middle school [on] Grosse Hamburger Strasse. We were invited to Berlin.\nWe went there, to that school, my wife and I. They closed those schools. Jews\ncouldn't go to school no more. The schools were closed. [We] couldn't go to\nschool. Slave labor [began] right ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/128172/file/239822#t=600.0,630.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/128172/file/239822/transcript/66761/annotation/22","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"then. Let me see. I was 15 years old [or] 16\nyears old and I had to work at the Spinnstofffabrik Zehlendorf. You understand a\nlittle German? Yiddish? No. They made parachutes, but you had to be careful when\nthese -- [It was] very unhealthy work. Maybe that's part of it [why] I'm\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/128172/file/239822#t=630.0,660.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/128172/file/239822/transcript/66761/annotation/23","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"suffering now, too. The chemicals -- I worked with chemicals to make parachutes.\nWhen the strings broke, I didn't repair them. So those 'Fallschirm' they call\nthem, those parachutes, mine that I made, they didn't open up. They went to\ntheir death. But I had to be careful. They would have shot me right ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/128172/file/239822#t=660.0,690.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/128172/file/239822/transcript/66761/annotation/24","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"then. I had\nto work slave labor for that factory and it still exists. Can you imagine that?\nIt still exists. When I went with my wife to Berlin, I asked [said to] my\nfriend, \"I'd like to go there and ask for my wages\". They didn't want to go. I'd\nlike to go here to Siemens. I worked at Flossenburg concentration camp for\nSiemens. They are right ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/128172/file/239822#t=690.0,720.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/128172/file/239822/transcript/66761/annotation/25","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"here. I'd like to go there here and ask for my wages. I\ndidn't get paid and I didn't get to eat and drink. I weighed 70 pounds and they\nare all in business again. You know those that made the ovens in Auschwitz, the\novens? Topf und Sohne is the name. You know about it? They still exist. Can you\nimagine that? They are still in business. You ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/128172/file/239822#t=720.0,750.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/128172/file/239822/transcript/66761/annotation/26","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"see, it might sound unpleasant and\nmany of my Jewish friends don't like to hear it, but they have made peace with\nthe devil. For instance, in the big cities in Israel, like Tel Aviv and\nJerusalem, Mercedes Benz gave them cars they use as taxis. I think it's\nterrible. They are doing business ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/128172/file/239822#t=750.0,780.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/128172/file/239822/transcript/66761/annotation/27","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"with the devil. A lot of those [slave labor\nfactories], they had their own cemetery where they buried the victims. Did you\nknow that? Volkswagen and BMW, Bavarian [Bayerische] Motoren Werke.\n\nKENT: Tell us more about your own experiences.\n\nWINTERS: When I was a little child and people were lying in the streets, the\nCommunists were the only ones that helped them. They gave them bread and ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/128172/file/239822#t=780.0,810.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/128172/file/239822/transcript/66761/annotation/28","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"water.\nThey didn't have anything else. That's how the Nazis got into power.\n\nKENT: When were you first picked up and taken away?\n\nWINTERS: My father was picked up first. Jews had to wear a star, a yellow star\nwith the name 'Jude' [German: Jew]. Apparently, he refused to wear that ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/128172/file/239822#t=810.0,840.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/128172/file/239822/transcript/66761/annotation/29","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"star. A\nStorm Trooper, SS Storm Trooper told the Gestapo. You know the Gestapo? The\nGestapo picked him up, and took him to their headquarters, and beat him up. When\nmy [mother] went to visit them, he was terribly beaten up. Those SS men told\nher, ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/128172/file/239822#t=840.0,870.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/128172/file/239822/transcript/66761/annotation/30","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\"Ah, such a beautiful woman. Forget about him.\" He was taken away before\nus. Then, my wife and I, as a matter of fact, when we went to Berlin, we went to\nour neighbor that saw it. She claimed she tried to prevent it but she couldn't.\nThe Storm Troopers told her that if she doesn't keep her mouth shut, they're\ngoing to take her along, ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/128172/file/239822#t=870.0,900.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/128172/file/239822/transcript/66761/annotation/31","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"too. They threw my mother and me on the wagon like a\nsack of flour and we went in the cattle car to Auschwitz.\n\nKENT: Let me just ask one question before that. It is a difficult one. There is\noften talk that the majority of Germans did not like Hitler and that whole\nmovement, but they could not do anything. Can you make any general assessments?\n\nWINTERS: No, there was very little ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/128172/file/239822#t=900.0,930.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/128172/file/239822/transcript/66761/annotation/32","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"resistance to Hitler. I would say 99 percent\nwent with them.\n\nKENT: Like that woman who wanted to help your father but couldn't, was that\npretty rare, do you think? Or, were there a lot of people like her?\n\nWINTERS: I would think so. Then, after the war, a lot of them claimed they\ndidn't know about it, which is a lot of nonsense. I tell you something. The\nwhole world knew about it. President Roosevelt--which was -- he was a good\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/128172/file/239822#t=930.0,960.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/128172/file/239822/transcript/66761/annotation/33","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"president--he knew about it and did nothing, didn't do anything. As a matter of\nfact, that ship St. Louis, he wouldn't let it in here. The Cubans wouldn't let\nit in and the United States, Roosevelt wouldn't let it in. They all perished.\nThat ship was sent back.\n\nKENT: Also, since you were a religious young man, do you remember what the\nreligious leaders of your community, what were they ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/128172/file/239822#t=960.0,990.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/128172/file/239822/transcript/66761/annotation/34","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"saying as the threat became\nbigger and bigger? What was the attitude?\n\nWINTERS: They were kind of blind. They thought it wouldn't go that far. Most of\nthem were murdered. As a matter of fact, Berlin had between 300,000 to half a\nmillion Jews. There were about half a million Jews in Germany, but most of them\nlived in the big ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/128172/file/239822#t=990.0,1020.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/128172/file/239822/transcript/66761/annotation/35","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"cities. Yes.\n\nKENT: Tell us about the transport. What was that like for you?\n\nWINTERS: The transport was in the cattle car [with] nothing to eat, nothing to\ndrink. When we arrived, [they said,] \"You go this way. You go this way.\"\n\nKENT: How many days did the ride take?\n\nWINTERS: It took many days. We kept alive eating ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/128172/file/239822#t=1020.0,1050.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/128172/file/239822/transcript/66761/annotation/36","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"snow. Later on, when the\nRussians came to Auschwitz, you could hear the war coming close. They marched us\nto Gleiwitz. Those that couldn't keep up were shot right away. I was eleven days\nin the cattle car without any food whatsoever. I kept alive eating snow. As a\nmatter of fact, I don't volunteer, but if ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/128172/file/239822#t=1050.0,1080.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/128172/file/239822/transcript/66761/annotation/37","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"people, like neighbors here, ask me to\ncome to their school and speak, I don't refuse. I go. I've spoken at schools. I\nhave many cards the students send me thanking me for coming there. The funny\nthing is, because people are very religious here, Southern Baptists, one said,\n\"Ah, G-d sent you snow down. That's how you ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/128172/file/239822#t=1080.0,1110.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/128172/file/239822/transcript/66761/annotation/38","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"survived.\" So why didn't he send\nsteak, and shrimp, and lobster down?\n\nKENT: Do you remember what you were thinking in that cattle wagon during those days?\n\nWINTERS: You lose all your thinking. You become like you're drunk. But I always\nwanted to survive. Yes. I worked for IG Farben. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/128172/file/239822#t=1110.0,1140.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/128172/file/239822/transcript/66761/annotation/39","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Actually, I tell you what I\nthink saved my life now. There was a German civilian Meister [German: master].\nWhat -- 'Meister' you call it [in German]. He had -- Where they gave out tools.\nWhat do you call it?\n\nKENT: A supervisor? Foreman?\n\nWINTERS: He ran that and he needed someone to help him. He picked ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/128172/file/239822#t=1140.0,1170.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/128172/file/239822/transcript/66761/annotation/40","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"me and I think\nhe saved my life. He was anti-Nazi. He really hated the Nazis. He always told\nme, \"This will have a terrible ending. They're going to get punished.\" But they\ndidn't get punished. When the guards -- I was in the tool -- where they gave out\nthe tools to them and he would -- because we got a little watery ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/128172/file/239822#t=1170.0,1200.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/128172/file/239822/transcript/66761/annotation/41","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"soup, and a\nlittle dry bread, and I weighed about 70 pounds, he felt so sorry for me. When\nthey weren't around looking, he'd rather go hungry and give me his food. He was\na German civilian. His name was Max, [his] first name. My grandson is named Max,\ntoo. He did not survive. When ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/128172/file/239822#t=1200.0,1230.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/128172/file/239822/transcript/66761/annotation/42","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I came back [to] Berlin, I tried to look him up.\nThey drafted him into the German Volkssturm. The old men and the children had to\nfight at the end. They drafted [him] and he perished because the Russian tanks,\nthey went right over them. Any ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/128172/file/239822#t=1230.0,1260.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/128172/file/239822/transcript/66761/annotation/43","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"resistance, they went right through.\n\nKENT: What are some of the other vivid memories of that period?\n\nWINTERS: I tell you another [thing]. I got nothing against the Russians, against\nthe Communists. They haven't done me any harm, the Red Army. There were many\nwomen in the Red Army, too. There were many Jewish officers in the Red Army.\nYes. What did you want to ask me?\n\nKENT: Maybe a more specific one. In addition to that one German ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/128172/file/239822#t=1260.0,1290.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/128172/file/239822/transcript/66761/annotation/44","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"civilian, were\nthere other German authority figures who you got to know during the war? The\nguards or --\n\nWINTERS: No, there were the neighbors. That woman that claims she got a gall\nbladder attack when they picked my mother and me up. My mother and her were very\nfriendly. I remember her. I liked chocolate. I liked sweets so much as a child.\nShe would bring me sweets all the ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/128172/file/239822#t=1290.0,1320.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/128172/file/239822/transcript/66761/annotation/45","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"time. She was against the Nazis, too. Yes.\n\nKENT: Were there any other people who you either worked with or who were in\ncharge, who you got to know?\n\nWINTERS: Everybody was afraid to say anything because anybody that went against\nthe Nazis would have been shot right away. As a matter of fact, in Auschwitz, it\nwas almost impossible ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/128172/file/239822#t=1320.0,1350.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/128172/file/239822/transcript/66761/annotation/46","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"to escape, but once in a while, some escaped. Then, we had\nto watch when they hanged them slowly when they caught them. It was almost\nimpossible. But then many people committed suicide, too, going against the\nelectrical wires.\n\nKENT: Yes. What kind of a person were you? How would you describe your nature as\na young ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/128172/file/239822#t=1350.0,1380.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/128172/file/239822/transcript/66761/annotation/47","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"man?\n\nWINTERS: I was the only son, so I was good natured. Then, when -- You become\nlike an animal when you have nothing to eat. It affects you physically and mentally.\n\nKENT: How did it affect you mentally?\n\nWINTERS: It still affects me for the rest of my life. I don't know what they\ndid, what kind of ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/128172/file/239822#t=1380.0,1410.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/128172/file/239822/transcript/66761/annotation/48","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"experiments they did on me, too. They did experiments, too.\n\nKENT: What did --\n\nWINTERS: This might sound funny. I could explode any minute. I don't know what\nthey injected me with, what they put into me.\n\nKENT: What do you remember about experiments?\n\nWINTERS: All kinds of experiments. I can tell you so many things that you\nhaven't heard with all your interviews. In ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/128172/file/239822#t=1410.0,1440.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/128172/file/239822/transcript/66761/annotation/49","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Auschwitz, those guards, they had the\ncross around their neck. That's why I don't believe in G-d. The Nazi symbol is a\ncross. They had the cross around their neck. On their belt, they had garters\nwith the [unintelligible; 0:24:23]. They went into the chapels. Most of them\nwere Catholics. Another ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/128172/file/239822#t=1440.0,1470.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/128172/file/239822/transcript/66761/annotation/50","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"thing: the Catholic Church was in on it. All organized\nreligion was in on it, participated in the mass murder. Go to Rome [Italy],\nunderground [there are] billions and billions of dollars of treasures they have\nstolen over the centuries. They persecuted the Jews in the Middle Ages already\nin Germany and other parts. Did you know that? Hit them over the head with the\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/128172/file/239822#t=1470.0,1500.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/128172/file/239822/transcript/66761/annotation/51","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"cross [unintelligible; 00:25:04]. Yes, billions and billions of treasures [are]\nunderground in Rome [at] the Vatican, what they have stolen for centuries. They\nwere all in on it, the Catholic Church.\n\nKENT: To get to your experience again, you said 'experiments' and you are not\nsure what happened. What do you remember specifically about it?\n\nWINTERS: When you arrived there, you were worse than an ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/128172/file/239822#t=1500.0,1530.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/128172/file/239822/transcript/66761/annotation/52","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"animal. They shore --\nYour [hair] was shorn off and you got striped clothes because all of your Jewish\nreligion. Yes. What did you want to ask me?\n\nKENT: Well, maybe talk about the Jewish religion. How did that stay a part of\nyou during those camp years?\n\nWINTERS: No. After a while, I saw right away there was ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/128172/file/239822#t=1530.0,1560.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/128172/file/239822/transcript/66761/annotation/53","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"no G-d. It's not possible\nthings like that happen. Not possible. It's an invention. It's an invention to\nkeep people down. See, people are weak. They got to [believe] somebody up\nthere's going to help them. You've got to help yourself. There's nobody up there\nto help you. No such thing. That's ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/128172/file/239822#t=1560.0,1590.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/128172/file/239822/transcript/66761/annotation/54","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"nonsense. I went to the church here, down on\nhere on Parsons Road, the Catholic church. When they built the new church, they\nhad open house on a Sunday. I went there and they were -- I took the tour and\nthey showed all the windows with the Old Testament, with the Hebrew words, and\nall that. I showed them my number from Auschwitz. I told ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/128172/file/239822#t=1590.0,1620.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/128172/file/239822/transcript/66761/annotation/55","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"them. I told the\npriests and nuns that there was no G-d. They didn't get mad. They even brought\nme home. They took me home afterwards. I was sitting at the table and talking\nwith them after the tour, too.\n\nKENT: Do you remember any religious Jews who maintained some of the beliefs and\nthe rituals during those years?\n\nWINTERS: I would say most of ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/128172/file/239822#t=1620.0,1650.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/128172/file/239822/transcript/66761/annotation/56","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"them still believed in G-d and still do now. Am I\nright or wrong? Have you heard anybody tell you what I am telling you? They keep\nit --\n\nKENT: I have heard everything.\n\nWINTERS: You have? They probably keep it to themselves because it's not popular.\nThat's unpopular. But I would say the majority of the people in the world don't\nbelieve in G-d. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/128172/file/239822#t=1650.0,1680.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/128172/file/239822/transcript/66761/annotation/57","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Yes.\n\nKENT: What was it that kept you going if it wasn't religion?\n\nWINTERS: I had the will to survive. I don't know. It's like a miracle. I still\ncannot understand it. Like a miracle.\n\nKENT: What were some of the experiences when you were closest to dying or\nclosest to giving up, the most critical ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/128172/file/239822#t=1680.0,1710.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/128172/file/239822/transcript/66761/annotation/58","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"moments?\n\nWINTERS: I had the will to survive. That's all I can tell you. No praying. I\ndidn't pray.\n\nKENT: Were any people in particular close to you during those years?\n\nWINTERS: No. I am friends ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/128172/file/239822#t=1710.0,1740.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/128172/file/239822/transcript/66761/annotation/59","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"with some people from Berlin that have immigrated to\nUnited States. One, he's a cantor. He used to sing in the synagogue, but now\nhe's old. He's religious. His wife is only half Jewish. They are both religious.\nThey go to temple every Friday night and Saturday morning. But they are retired.\nIt gives them something to do. Do you know what I ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/128172/file/239822#t=1740.0,1770.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/128172/file/239822/transcript/66761/annotation/60","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"mean? Gives them something to\ndo. But they're not mad. They know how I think. They come and visit us once in a\nwhile. I have another friend in Chicago [Illinois] that is -- that I came\ntogether. I came on the first ship after the war, American troop transport named\nMarine Flasher on ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/128172/file/239822#t=1770.0,1800.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/128172/file/239822/transcript/66761/annotation/61","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"May 1946, over 54 years ago. He lives in Chicago. I have been\nfriends with him, too. But he has health problems, too. Yes?\n\nKENT: Can you think of some other experiences during the war that you have not\ntalked about or have not presented in other interviews?\n\nWINTERS: We wore the yellow ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/128172/file/239822#t=1800.0,1830.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/128172/file/239822/transcript/66761/annotation/62","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"star [that said] 'Jude' [German: Jew]. We couldn't\ngo to any movies, or theater, or anything. Before the concentration camp, we got\nlower rations than the Gentiles did. Everybody kept to themselves. There was a\nvery close Jewish family life before the persecutions. You didn't hear of ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/128172/file/239822#t=1830.0,1860.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/128172/file/239822/transcript/66761/annotation/63","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"any\ndivorce then. [There was] no such thing as a husband beating his wife or a wife\nbeating the husband. The problem is -- I tell you what I think. I may be wrong.\nMy father was hanging on to his business. He was a businessman and he didn't\nwant to give up his business. But then at ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/128172/file/239822#t=1860.0,1890.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/128172/file/239822/transcript/66761/annotation/64","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"the Crystal Night, they smashed it\nall. They come, and destroyed everything, and threw everything out of the\nwindows, and helped themselves, the mob.\n\nKENT: What were --\n\nWINTERS: Then, it was too late.\n\nKENT: When you say your father was holding on to his business. What are you\nimplying? Should he have done something differently? Could he have done\nsomething differently?\n\nWINTERS: Well, he should have tried to leave with my ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/128172/file/239822#t=1890.0,1920.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/128172/file/239822/transcript/66761/annotation/65","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"mother and me. As a matter\nof fact, the neighbor wanted us, that we should hide. We should go in hiding,\nbut then, it was too late.\n\nKENT: What was the date when you were first picked up and sent on the transport?\n\nWINTERS: My father was picked up in 1942 at the beginning. We were picked up at\nthe end of ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/128172/file/239822#t=1920.0,1950.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/128172/file/239822/transcript/66761/annotation/66","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"1942, beginning 1943. I was in many camps, Auschwitz, Buna, Gleiwitz,\nOranienburg, Flossenburg, Muhldorf, Ganacker, and Landau. Flossenburg is\nSiemens. They are right here. They are criminals. They are right here. They're\nall over the world. Not billion -- trillionaires. That's what I hate so much.\nHenry Morgenthau was ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/128172/file/239822#t=1950.0,1980.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/128172/file/239822/transcript/66761/annotation/67","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"right. That they ever opened that Berlin Wall, that was a\nterrible thing, to make Germany this strong again. I'm telling you, none of us\nwill be around. In 50 or 100 years, it'll happen again because there's many --\nEspecially Russian Jews are going back to Germany. You've got a big Nazi\nmovement in Germany, which Ronald Reagan -- I shouldn't ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/128172/file/239822#t=1980.0,2010.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/128172/file/239822/transcript/66761/annotation/68","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"curse anymore, but I\nhave worse words for that man. Just terrible what he did. The young people don't\nknow, the young German people. He brought flowers to the oppressor, to the\nmurderers. He started the Nazi movement in Germany and nothing ever happened to\nhim. He never apologized. Nothing ever happened. He's still ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/128172/file/239822#t=2010.0,2040.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/128172/file/239822/transcript/66761/annotation/69","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"alive, but he\ndoesn't know what's going on. Terrible. I would have nothing to do with the\nRepublican Party. They are just terrible, obscene.\n\nKENT: Continuing with your own experience --\n\nWINTERS: Yes.\n\nKENT: You were in, what, seven or eight different camps?\n\nWINTERS: Many different camps.\n\nKENT: Do you have an ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/128172/file/239822#t=2040.0,2070.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/128172/file/239822/transcript/66761/annotation/70","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"understanding how come you were moved around so many times?\nWas there any particular reason?\n\nWINTERS: The reason was that the war came closer and closer. I was lucky that I\nwas even moved around. Others were murdered before the Allies arrived, yes.\n\nKENT: How did you manage to keep from ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/128172/file/239822#t=2070.0,2100.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/128172/file/239822/transcript/66761/annotation/71","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"becoming injured or so sick that you would\nbe killed too? How did you keep functioning for more than two years?\n\nWINTERS: I gave out tools, which was not hard work anymore. At first, I worked\nhard on the bridge for IG Farben--the pharmaceutical -- the biggest conglomerate\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/128172/file/239822#t=2100.0,2130.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/128172/file/239822/transcript/66761/annotation/72","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"pharmaceutical outfit in the world. The successor is Bayer and Hoechst Celanese.\nThe Allies broke them up after the war, IG Farben.\n\nKENT: Could you remember the day of liberation, what that was like?\n\nWINTERS: The day of liberation was May 8, 1945 in ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/128172/file/239822#t=2130.0,2160.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/128172/file/239822/transcript/66761/annotation/73","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Bavaria. I believe it was the\nPatton Army, General [George S.] Patton. He died in an accident, I think.\nNevertheless, I don't think he was a great friend to the Jews either.\nNevertheless, the tanks came. They couldn't all stop. They had to keep going.\nBut that one, I remember the one American G.I. He jumped off the ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/128172/file/239822#t=2160.0,2190.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/128172/file/239822/transcript/66761/annotation/74","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"tank and he\nshook my hand. He was born in Hamburg, Germany. That's what I remember. He gave\nme all his rations, whatever he had, I should eat because I weighed -- I was so\nweak, but not as bad as others. There were mountains of dead, mountains of\ncorpses all over. A lot of those guards, those ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/128172/file/239822#t=2190.0,2220.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/128172/file/239822/transcript/66761/annotation/75","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"SS Storm Troopers that murdered\nso many people, they took off their uniforms, put civilian clothes on, and\ndisappeared, went to the farms. I bet you a lot of them are still alive. Another\nthing, those that were in the SS, those Storm Troopers, they are getting double\npension. In the service, their ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/128172/file/239822#t=2220.0,2250.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/128172/file/239822/transcript/66761/annotation/76","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"pension is double. I can't understand that. They\nshould have all been hanged, all of them.\n\nKENT: What condition were you in mentally, in terms of your attitude, at the\ntime of liberation?\n\nWINTERS: When I -- First, I was in the hospital for many months. Then, I went\nback to Berlin. Then, when you come back and you ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/128172/file/239822#t=2250.0,2280.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/128172/file/239822/transcript/66761/annotation/77","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"are from the concentration\ncamp, you were kind of a hero. You could use public transportation and\neverything. You didn't have to pay for anything.\n\nKENT: Explain that more. Being a hero to whom?\n\nWINTERS: To everybody. To the German people, too. Everyone I talked to said they\ndidn't know about it. To know -- The whole world knew about it. The whole world\nknew ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/128172/file/239822#t=2280.0,2310.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/128172/file/239822/transcript/66761/annotation/78","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"it. Everyone didn't do nothing about it. The pope, Pope Pius the 12th, he\nwas such an antisemite. They want to make him a saint now. He hated the Jews. He\nhelped the Nazis murder Jews. The present pope--the Polish pope that was born in\nPoland--he isn't much better. The Catholic ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/128172/file/239822#t=2310.0,2340.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/128172/file/239822/transcript/66761/annotation/79","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Church, and the Lutheran Church, all\norganized religion was in on it with the Nazis. Otherwise, it could have never\nhave happened. They could have prevented it. I tell you, one religion, Jehovah\nWitnesses, they were with us. The only ones. The Jehovah's Witnesses, they\nsuffered. They come here and they gave me their video, too. They lent me their\nvideo. I looked at. I knew the Jehovah's Witnesses, they suffered. We had a\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/128172/file/239822#t=2340.0,2370.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/128172/file/239822/transcript/66761/annotation/80","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"bakery store, a baker across the street where we lived in Berlin, and they were\nJehovah's Witnesses. They suffered terrible, too. They were persecuted, too,\nJehovah Witnesses. It's kind of a crazy religion, too, but they were against the\nNazis. They were victims, like the Jews. They are listed in all the official\npapers as ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/128172/file/239822#t=2370.0,2400.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/128172/file/239822/transcript/66761/annotation/81","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"victim. Do you know about it? Jehovah's Witnesses were the only ones\nthat fought against the Nazis.\n\nKENT: When you went back to Berlin, was that when you first found out what\nhappened to your family, or had you already known earlier?\n\nWINTERS: In the newspapers and on radio--I don't think there was so much\ntelevision content, ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/128172/file/239822#t=2400.0,2430.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/128172/file/239822/transcript/66761/annotation/82","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"nevertheless--they were searching for -- As a matter of\nfact, I got papers. I got them right away that my parents were murdered and my\ngrandparents were married, too. My uncle died in the First World War. Yes, I'll\ntell you another thing that's unpopular here with the rich people. There should\nbe one world, no borders, no more ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/128172/file/239822#t=2430.0,2460.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/128172/file/239822/transcript/66761/annotation/83","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"wars. The United [States] -- I love this\ncountry. I love the Clintons and the Gores, but this country, and Germany, and\nJapan, those three are economic dictatorships. They rule the world, those three\ncountries, economically.\n\nKENT: What was it like for you when you learned that your ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/128172/file/239822#t=2460.0,2490.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/128172/file/239822/transcript/66761/annotation/84","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"family was gone and\nyou were alone? How did you decide what to do with your life?\n\nWINTERS: I was extremely upset and I was extremely happy when I come back to\nBerlin [that] everything was destroyed. There weren't many houses standing. I\nwould say 90 percent was destroyed. It ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/128172/file/239822#t=2490.0,2520.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/128172/file/239822/transcript/66761/annotation/85","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"was all rubble. All rubble, 90 percent.\n\nKENT: How did you feel towards the Germans who you encountered day to day?\n\nWINTERS: They all apologized. What can I do? I couldn't have -- I was too weak\nthen yet. But when I come back, still there was nothing to eat. Very little to\neat there. I worked for an ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/128172/file/239822#t=2520.0,2550.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/128172/file/239822/transcript/66761/annotation/86","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"American officer's club in order to eat. I even have\nsome pictures, too, from that. I bought my aunt food home, too. Then, I had\nplenty to eat in the American officer's club. They had all kinds of nicknames\nfor them, these Americans. One was called 'Stinky' and so forth. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/128172/file/239822#t=2550.0,2580.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/128172/file/239822/transcript/66761/annotation/87","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I had all I\nwanted to eat. It was all rationed. There wasn't much there. Then, they imported\nall the workers from all over Europe to build up the country. Then, after they\nbuild it up, then they wanted to throw them out. They don't want them no more\nafter they built [it] up.\n\nKENT: Talk about food just a little bit. You were saying ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/128172/file/239822#t=2580.0,2610.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/128172/file/239822/transcript/66761/annotation/88","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"earlier that a lot of\npeople ate rich food right after liberation and died. How did you keep yourself\nfrom doing that?\n\nWINTERS: Well, I ate rye bread. Then, the ambulance picked me up and took me to\n'Hospital Ecksberg' it was called, in Bavaria, and I stayed there. Then, I went\nback to Berlin. Then, my ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/128172/file/239822#t=2610.0,2640.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/128172/file/239822/transcript/66761/annotation/89","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"friend said, \"How can you stay here? It's no good. Go\nto United States.\" I went to the American Consulate and the next day, I went to\nthe United States on the Marine Flasher, an American troop transport. [I was]\nvery seasick. At that time, I don't think they had the pills for seasickness.\nThat was a long trip, too, and very choppy, the ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/128172/file/239822#t=2640.0,2670.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/128172/file/239822/transcript/66761/annotation/90","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"ocean. All that food they\nserved, we were so seasick we couldn't eat. They dumped it into the ocean.\n\nKENT: How was it arranged for you to come to America? Was there a sponsor\nwaiting for you or did you have --\n\nWINTERS: It was the American Jewish Committee, I think you called it. The\nAmerican Joint Committee [or] Jewish Committee. I stayed in a hotel in New ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/128172/file/239822#t=2670.0,2700.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/128172/file/239822/transcript/66761/annotation/91","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"York\nwith my friend for a few days to one week on Broadway. I think we got some\ntickets for food. Then, they put us on the train. I think they called it the\n20th Century. They asked us where we want to go. I figured -- I liked -- We\nwanted to go to San Francisco [California]. We ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/128172/file/239822#t=2700.0,2730.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/128172/file/239822/transcript/66761/annotation/92","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"figured San Francisco is like the\nParis [France] of the United States. [They said,] \"No, you can't go there.\nThere's no work. You got to go to Pittsburgh [Pennsylvania].\" My friend [and I],\nwe figured steel mills and coal mines. Then, we choose Chicago. We came to\nChicago. The first thing I remember, we took a cab to the hotel, the Olympic\nHotel on ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/128172/file/239822#t=2730.0,2760.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/128172/file/239822/transcript/66761/annotation/93","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Jackson Boulevard, Jackson and Damen [Avenue], and [the cab driver\nthought,] \"Oh, these Greenhorns.\" The cab driver screwed us. In 1946, he charged\nus 20 dollars for the trip. We got screwed right away.\n\nKENT: What were your --\n\nWINTERS: We lived in that hotel. Oh, I'm sorry. You ask.\n\nKENT: What were your impressions of America, coming here without knowing anything?\n\nWINTERS: ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/128172/file/239822#t=2760.0,2790.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/128172/file/239822/transcript/66761/annotation/94","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Everything [was] so big, these tall buildings. Everything [was] so\nhuge. You didn't have skyscrapers in Europe. Then, I -- You want me to tell you\nhere, now, from the United -- Or, you want me to ask you? I can keep on talking\n[about] when I come here.\n\nKENT: Yes, the early days, going back to --\n\nWINTERS: Yes, the early days. We stayed in that hotel. Then, the Jewish\nVocational Service, they called it ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/128172/file/239822#t=2790.0,2820.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/128172/file/239822/transcript/66761/annotation/95","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that time, we had to get jobs right away.\nI've always been kind of proud. I don't like no hang out, no -- I don't like,\nlike how people are -- What do you call it? On public aid. I don't like it. So\nthen, I went to the Jewish Vocational Service. I remember his name was Mr.\nFriedman. He sent me ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/128172/file/239822#t=2820.0,2850.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/128172/file/239822/transcript/66761/annotation/96","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"to Michael Reese Hospital in Chicago, on the south side,\nfor a job. I went and they hired me right away. I was making 95 dollars a month.\nI was making 95 a month. I lived in a room on Aberdeen Street on the south side\nwith a Jewish family. He was a streetcar driver. At that time, they ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/128172/file/239822#t=2850.0,2880.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/128172/file/239822/transcript/66761/annotation/97","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"had the old\ntrolley street cars that went on the rails. I remember the fare was a nickel\nthen, five cents. That was in 1946. Ninety-five a month and I got my meals\nthere, I guess, two meals, I think, breakfast and lunch. I remember they had the\npitcher of milk on there and we could ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/128172/file/239822#t=2880.0,2910.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/128172/file/239822/transcript/66761/annotation/98","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"drink as much milk as we wanted. I worked\nin the heart department taking electrocardiograms. The head of it was Miss\nPhillips [and] Mr. Brazer. There was a big hospital. As a matter of fact,\nMichael Reese, Michel Reese, he was a German Jew that founded that hospital.\nNevertheless, after several months, I figured, \"My goodness, 95 dollars, that's\nso little money.\" I went to ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/128172/file/239822#t=2910.0,2940.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/128172/file/239822/transcript/66761/annotation/99","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"the personnel chief, Mr. Bailey. I said, \"My\ngoodness, I can't live on this,\" so he gave me a five dollar a month raise. He\nraised it from 95 to 100. In several more months, he raised it to 105. At that\ntime, I lived on the south side, on South Aberdeen Street with the Jewish\nfamily. He was a ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/128172/file/239822#t=2940.0,2970.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/128172/file/239822/transcript/66761/annotation/100","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"streetcar driver. They were kind of a working family. The myth\nthat all the Jews are rich is a lot of nonsense. They were poor people, too. I\npaid five dollars a week for a room. They felt sorry for me and invited me for\ndinner, too. Then, sometimes I lost my appetite because they had so many\ncockroaches there. I guess it's hard to get rid of cockroaches. You cannot get\nrid of them. You can only control ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/128172/file/239822#t=2970.0,3000.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/128172/file/239822/transcript/66761/annotation/101","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"them. Nevertheless, I figured I couldn't get\nmuch higher than 105 a month. Then, I had many small jobs. I went from job to\njob. Then, I figured, \"My goodness. The American people like to swallow pills.\nThey like to eat millions and millions of pills. Any unhappiness, any physical\nor mental illness, they swallow down with ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/128172/file/239822#t=3000.0,3030.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/128172/file/239822/transcript/66761/annotation/102","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"pills,\" so I applied -- I'm telling\nyou about my life in the United States, which is very long, but I like to make\nit short, so I'm talking fast. I continue talking. You want to ask me? Fine. You\ncan interrupt, but I can tell you now for a long time. I applied at Gala Drug in\nChicago. It was across the street from the Grand Central Station, I ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/128172/file/239822#t=3030.0,3060.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/128172/file/239822/transcript/66761/annotation/103","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"think. In\nthe meantime, they razed it. Nevertheless, they hired me right away. The pay was\nvery poor. Those were two Russian Jews that owned it, from Russia. They didn't\nknow how to live. At that time, 1946, 1947, they were doing $20 million business\na year, which was a fortune, which is ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/128172/file/239822#t=3060.0,3090.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/128172/file/239822/transcript/66761/annotation/104","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"like more than a billion or more, or half\na billion now. I was picking orders, order filler, order picker. They had those\nold wooden trucks and no air conditioning, nothing. In the summer, you had to\nopen the windows, perspire. They had so much business. Because my father was in\nthat kind of a business, sold perfume and ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/128172/file/239822#t=3090.0,3120.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/128172/file/239822/transcript/66761/annotation/105","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"gloves, I was filling orders there and\nthose two old Jewish men from Russia were checking orders all day on those old\nwooden tracks. You had to watch that you don't get splinters from the wood. It\nwas hotter than hell. Those two old men, multimillionaires, they didn't know how\nto live. All day they were checking these orders. One man was very ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/128172/file/239822#t=3120.0,3150.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/128172/file/239822/transcript/66761/annotation/106","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"nice. The\nother man was mean because he wanted the orders to go so fast. They were wearing\nrags around [their necks] to take the perspiration. They didn't take no lunch.\n[They] were eating an apple, and a pear, and something for lunch. They worked\nall day--multimillionaires--checking these orders. Then, when the eight hours\nwere over, the American born ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/128172/file/239822#t=3150.0,3180.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/128172/file/239822/transcript/66761/annotation/107","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"employees didn't want to stay. They wanted to go\nhome. The one man that was kind of mean, he cursed. He hollered, \"Everybody has\nto stay!\" I always stayed. I made so much overtime. I even worked Saturday,\nSunday because they had so much business.\n\nKENT: How did Americans respond to your German accent during the early ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/128172/file/239822#t=3180.0,3210.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/128172/file/239822/transcript/66761/annotation/108","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"days? Was\nthere any anti-German feeling? Or did it not matter?\n\nWINTERS: No. I still -- I tell you why I still have that accent, too, why I\nhaven't lost it [was] because I had a business later on. You want me -- But I'm\ntelling you now in sequence what happened.\n\nKENT: Sure, go ahead.\n\nWINTERS: Yes, I can say that they might have called me 'Kraut.' I don't think\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/128172/file/239822#t=3210.0,3240.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/128172/file/239822/transcript/66761/annotation/109","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"there was much feeling because people, everybody that lives here came from\nsomewhere else. If he didn't come, his parents, or grandparents, or great\ngrandparents came. That's why I like the Democratic Party so much, because they\nare so inclusive and the Republicans are not. Nevertheless, I worked there for\nseveral years [at] Gala Drug. I'm just telling you, those men didn't know how to\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/128172/file/239822#t=3240.0,3270.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/128172/file/239822/transcript/66761/annotation/110","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"live. I always wondered, \"How come?\" As a matter of fact, there is one man that\ndid the payroll there and I was always the first in line for the paycheck that\ntime. He remembers me. He comes and visits us once or twice a year. We are going\nWednesday. We are flying to Chicago. After Aberdeen Street, I lived on Melrose\nStreet, in Chicago, in a ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/128172/file/239822#t=3270.0,3300.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/128172/file/239822/transcript/66761/annotation/111","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"rooming house. Mr. Levine owned it. He sold it to\nMcDowall and his mother, and I'm going to his daughter's wedding. I know him\nlonger than any -- He knows me longer than anybody else that will be at the\nwedding. I had to get a suit for that wedding because the suits don't fit me\nhere [around my waist]. [That is] very bad. The cardiologist said, \"Your ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/128172/file/239822#t=3300.0,3330.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/128172/file/239822/transcript/66761/annotation/112","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"heart\nworks too hard with this. You got to get rid of it.\" Then -- I have to make to\nmake it short because there's so much to tell after Gala [Drugs]. After I left\nGala [Drugs], I went to another company, which was called Louis Zahn Company.\nThere, the people didn't want to work overtime either. I made lots of overtime.\nI worked seven days a week at ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/128172/file/239822#t=3330.0,3360.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/128172/file/239822/transcript/66761/annotation/113","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that Louis Zahn then, but I had to travel because\nhe moved. He moved to another warehouse. I worked there several years. Then, my\nwife and I -- My wife comes from the country, from the village, from the farm.\nShe was born in the village; I was born in the big city. She's a farmer; I'm a\nbusiness man.\n\nKENT: How did the two of you meet?\n\nWINTERS: How did we ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/128172/file/239822#t=3360.0,3390.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/128172/file/239822/transcript/66761/annotation/114","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"meet? I was very lonesome then, extremely lonesome. Many\ntimes I even had the feeling--which I still have, but I don't tell my wife and\nchildren--that I would like to end it all, because I didn't want to be cut here\n[on my torso]. I have this -- They took this out and put it -- How I met my ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/128172/file/239822#t=3390.0,3420.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/128172/file/239822/transcript/66761/annotation/115","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"wife\non Broadway in Chicago. I was extremely lonesome. I'm talking frankly to you\nnow, but I don't know if it's wise to tell that on the video what I'm telling\nyou now. Is it alright?\n\nKENT: If it is the truth.\n\nWINTERS: I went to a dance [at] the 'Green Mill' it was called, on Broadway\n[Street] in Chicago. I think it was a Saturday night. I was lonesome and I was a\nyoung ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/128172/file/239822#t=3420.0,3450.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/128172/file/239822/transcript/66761/annotation/116","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"man. I was never the kind of person to go into a nightclub--I was never a\nplayboy--or to sit at the bar and try to pick up a women at the bar. I went to\nthat dance place to dance. I asked a women, \"Would you like to dance?\" She was\nextremely ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/128172/file/239822#t=3450.0,3480.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/128172/file/239822/transcript/66761/annotation/117","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"attractive. She had huge breasts. I don't know. Should I say all that?\nYes, and round buttocks and all. [She was] very attractive. I figured, \"My\ngoodness, maybe I'm going to have a woman for the night, to shack up.\" I ask her\nto dance and she's -- Many times in these dance halls, a woman won't dance with\nyou. She'll refuse ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/128172/file/239822#t=3480.0,3510.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/128172/file/239822/transcript/66761/annotation/118","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"you, \"No, thank you.\" But she said, \"Yes,\" and my goodness. I\ndance with her and she comes so close to me. She was not shy. She comes up. [I\nthink,] \"My goodness, I'm going to have a --\" Yes, but then doing the dance she\nsaid to me -- She started talking German. She said, \"You know, I am ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/128172/file/239822#t=3510.0,3540.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/128172/file/239822/transcript/66761/annotation/119","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"married,\"\nand, \"I am here with my husband, and my husband is kind of shy, and he doesn't\ndance.\" He was sitting on the side. But she says, \"My husband's sister, my\nsister-in-law, she's here and she's looking for a husband.\" I told her, \"I'm\nlooking for a wife because I'm very lonesome.\" Then, after the ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/128172/file/239822#t=3540.0,3570.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/128172/file/239822/transcript/66761/annotation/120","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"dance, she\nintroduced me to my wife. This was 43 years ago. Then, I danced with her. Then,\nI asked her for a date. As a matter of fact, she was in nurse's training then.\nShe worked at the Cook County Hospital in Chicago in nurse's training, which is\nlike Grady Hospital here, in her ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/128172/file/239822#t=3570.0,3600.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/128172/file/239822/transcript/66761/annotation/121","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"training.\n\nKENT: What was your impression of her? We will switch tapes and stop.\n\nWINTERS: Yes. Oh, the tape.\n\nKENT: Continue talking about how you first met your wife.\n\nWINTERS: Yes. Then, she introduced me to my wife and I made a date with her. She\nwas in nurse's training then and I was working at Louis Zahn ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/128172/file/239822#t=3600.0,3630.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/128172/file/239822/transcript/66761/annotation/122","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Company. I would\nthink we were dating about a year. I had a room at that time by the man that I\nam going to the wedding to. As a matter of fact, I don't like to fly. I don't\nlike to travel. I like to stay home because this is like a resort here to me. I\ncan go to the pool. I go a lot to the pool. We have a swimming pool. I go almost\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/128172/file/239822#t=3630.0,3660.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/128172/file/239822/transcript/66761/annotation/123","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"every day or I go to my daughter's pool with the grandchildren. They come here\nor I go there with the grandchildren to the pool.\n\nKENT: During those early days after the war, to what extent did you identify\nyourself as Jewish?\n\nWINTERS: I was proud to be a Jew. I am still proud to be a Jew out of tradition,\nbut I am not religious. If ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/128172/file/239822#t=3660.0,3690.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/128172/file/239822/transcript/66761/annotation/124","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"you bring me G-d and I can shake hands with him, I'm\ngoing to run to the synagogue. I'm going to run to shul. But there's no such\nthing. There's no such thing [as] somebody live forever up there. Is it a man?\nIs it a woman? Is he white? Is he colored? Is he reckless? It's nonsense. No\nproof! No proof.\n\nKENT: Was there any meaning to you after the war to associate more with ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/128172/file/239822#t=3690.0,3720.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/128172/file/239822/transcript/66761/annotation/125","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Jews\nthan non-Jews?\n\nWINTERS: After the war, I went to the synagogue with my friend that lives in\nKansas City [Missouri]. He has health problems, too. He was the cantor and we\nwent. [I went] out of tradition, to do him a favor, too. But he knows how I feel\nand he's not upset. He's not mad. It gives him and his wife something to do.\nThey are retired, too. Now, my wife was in ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/128172/file/239822#t=3720.0,3750.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/128172/file/239822/transcript/66761/annotation/126","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"nurse's training. Then, during her\ntraining and while we were dating, she used to make me shirts and clothes. I was\nstill very skinny, underweight. In that room I lived in, that was a room for ten\ndollars a week. [At] the rooming house, the washrooms were outside. You didn't\nhave your own. I'm going to the wedding of his daughter. I didn't want to go. I\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/128172/file/239822#t=3750.0,3780.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/128172/file/239822/transcript/66761/annotation/127","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"like to stay home. I don't like to travel anymore. Nevertheless, they called.\nHim and his wife asked me. They would be extremely upset if I don't come, so I\nam kind of obligated to go. I had to buy myself a new suit. I am hard to fit\nbecause of this but the Men's Wearhouse could fit me right away. The Men's\nWearhouse, they have all sizes. Nevertheless, then, I ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/128172/file/239822#t=3780.0,3810.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/128172/file/239822/transcript/66761/annotation/128","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"asked my wife if she would\nmarry me, and she said, \"Yes.\" Then, her aunt and uncle, they lived in San\nMateo, California. They came to Chicago. We lived in Evanston, Illinois. That\nwas afterwards. That is coming up. They came as witnesses. We went to the city\nhall and got married. Then, I wanted to go to the horse ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/128172/file/239822#t=3810.0,3840.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/128172/file/239822/transcript/66761/annotation/129","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"races after we got\nmarried in the afternoon. My wife says, \"No. We are not going to no horse races.\nWe are going to go to Cinerama Holiday [theatre].\" That was at the Bismarck--the\nCinerama--Hotel. You get these glasses where you sit close into the screen. We\nwent there. We didn't even have an apartment then. We still lived in each our\nroom. My ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/128172/file/239822#t=3840.0,3870.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/128172/file/239822/transcript/66761/annotation/130","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"friend--I'm going to the wedding [of] his daughter; she's a physician;\nshe's a doctor--he said to me, \"Marry her. Marry her. That's the woman for you.\"\nBecause I used to go to all these Jewish dances [at] Temple Sholom, Temple Anshe\nEmet, Temple Emanuel in Chicago. The girls didn't want to dance with me. I\ncouldn't find a ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/128172/file/239822#t=3870.0,3900.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/128172/file/239822/transcript/66761/annotation/131","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Jewish girl. I don't know. They were all looking for somebody\nspecial that hasn't been born yet. Nevertheless, we got married in City Hall and\nwe went to a Chinese restaurant. The Chinese waiter took our picture. Her uncle\nand aunt were the witnesses. They have died, too, in the meantime. Then, after a\nwhile, we took an apartment and we had to sign a one year ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/128172/file/239822#t=3900.0,3930.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/128172/file/239822/transcript/66761/annotation/132","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"lease. In that\napartment, the people didn't get along that lived below and above us. They were\nfighting all the time and using all the words out of the zoo language. They\ndidn't get along. My wife says -- I was so lonesome. I wanted to raise a family.\nI was very lonesome. My wife said, \"We cannot raise a family in this\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/128172/file/239822#t=3930.0,3960.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/128172/file/239822/transcript/66761/annotation/133","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"environment. We have to look for a house.\" I made all that overtime, see. Then,\nshe went around. She found a house in Evanston, Illinois, which is where\nNorthwestern University is. I don't know if you know Illinois, Chicago and\nsuburbs. It's the first suburb to the north of -- We lived -- We bought the\nhouse and we lived for 34 years in the same house. As a matter of fact, when we\nare ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/128172/file/239822#t=3960.0,3990.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/128172/file/239822/transcript/66761/annotation/134","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"going to the wedding now, we are staying with one of the neighbors. We\nalways had exceptionally nice neighbors where we lived. We are staying with our\nneighbor. She's giving a party for us Saturday afternoon. All the neighbors are\ncoming. Okay, now you want me to continue? Or, you want me to ask? You want to\nask me?\n\nKENT: One question: during the earlier days after the war, did people ask you\nabout ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/128172/file/239822#t=3990.0,4020.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/128172/file/239822/transcript/66761/annotation/135","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"your experience in the war, what happened to you, the numbers on your arm?\nDid that whole issue come up?\n\nWINTERS: Yes. I told them how I suffered. They could see it. I was still so\nunderweight. When I met my wife, I was still underweight. I may have weighed 90\npounds. She felt sorry for me. I was eating out of cans. I ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/128172/file/239822#t=4020.0,4050.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/128172/file/239822/transcript/66761/annotation/136","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"wasn't --\n\nKENT: How did people respond to actual Holocaust experiences when you told them?\n\nWINTERS: Most people don't care. People don't even care here. The government now\nin Georgia, they are teaching it in the schools, I think, in the middle and the\nhigh school. I have -- People have come here to interview me from the\nuniversity, too, in ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/128172/file/239822#t=4050.0,4080.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/128172/file/239822/transcript/66761/annotation/137","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"middle Georgia somewhere. They come here, several students,\ntoo, because they are studying the Holocaust.\n\nKENT: Along with being very slender, how else did the war affect you in your\ntime after the war?\n\nWINTERS: It has made me a physical and mental wreck. I still am a physical and\nmental ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/128172/file/239822#t=4080.0,4110.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/128172/file/239822/transcript/66761/annotation/138","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"wreck.\n\nKENT: Could you describe that more, what that means?\n\nWINTERS: There's a Jewish word like 'verruckt' [German: crazy], harmless. You\nknow what I mean? But you long -- For instance, at night sometimes you dream\nabout it. I mean, you can't get away from it. It has happened. That it is in\nyou. But most people don't care. For instance, the neighbor we are staying with.\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/128172/file/239822#t=4110.0,4140.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/128172/file/239822/transcript/66761/annotation/139","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"She's an Oriental woman. She's from China. Her mother and father were in the\nChiang Kai-shek government, in the nationalist government. She always tells me,\n\"Forget about it. Don't talk about it anymore. It's gonna hurt you when you even\ntalk about it. You should try to forget about it. You should try to forget the\npast.\" She was married to a German man, a German Gentile. He was in the American\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/128172/file/239822#t=4140.0,4170.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/128172/file/239822/transcript/66761/annotation/140","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Army. I guess he got all the bad habits in the army, smoking, drinking. He was\nalways drunk. He had an iron business. Him and his helpers were always drunk.\nThey'd fall off the ladder and they wouldn't get hurt. But then his helper fell\ndown all the stairs and died, and he died of cirrhosis of the liver in the\nCatholic hospital. She got a ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/128172/file/239822#t=4170.0,4200.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/128172/file/239822/transcript/66761/annotation/141","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"bill for a few days--he never got out--for over a\nhundred thousand dollars. My wife was in the hospital here, the emergency room,\na few weeks ago for two days. She got a bill for $8,000. For an aspirin, they\ncharge $20. Robbers. Then, we got married, and we bought a house in Evanston\nwith no down ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/128172/file/239822#t=4200.0,4230.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/128172/file/239822/transcript/66761/annotation/142","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"payment. At that time, I think we paid 18,500 for that house and\nwe had a 20 year mortgage. We had no honeymoon. We went to work right away. When\nwe got married, the next day, we went to work each.\n\nKENT: Can you describe what qualities there were in you from before the war,\nthat they continued after the war, in terms of what kept you going, and what\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/128172/file/239822#t=4230.0,4260.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/128172/file/239822/transcript/66761/annotation/143","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"your values were?\n\nWINTERS: [I] always want to work, don't want to be idle. I still would like to\nwork, but I can't anymore because I get sometimes short of breath and I can't\ntalk. Especially in that heat, I cannot walk much. But when it gets cooler in\nthe winter, I walk a lot.\n\nKENT: What has been the value of ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/128172/file/239822#t=4260.0,4290.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/128172/file/239822/transcript/66761/annotation/144","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"education to you?\n\nWINTERS: Very important. We have three daughters. All got good education. The\noldest one, studied at the University of Evansville and the University of\nChicago. She's a social worker.\n\nKENT: You were in your early 20s right after the war --\n\nWINTERS: After the war, I was 19 or 20. I was born --\n\nKENT: Did ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/128172/file/239822#t=4290.0,4320.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/128172/file/239822/transcript/66761/annotation/145","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"you continue with any further education once you settled here?\n\nWINTERS: No, I worked right away here. I worked right away. I worked all the\ntime. Nevertheless, then, I figured, \"I cannot get ahead if you were working for\nother people. I got to get, have my own business.\" It was so far to ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/128172/file/239822#t=4320.0,4350.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/128172/file/239822/transcript/66761/annotation/146","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"travel.\nThen, we--my wife and I--were looking for a business. We looked at many\nbusinesses. There was one flower business, wholesale flower [unintelligible;\n1:12:51] to plant flowers in the cemetery, Rosehill Cemetery. Because my wife,\nshe would be excellent on that because she has ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/128172/file/239822#t=4350.0,4380.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/128172/file/239822/transcript/66761/annotation/147","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"flowers all around and she grows\ntomatoes, too. She grows because she comes from the country, from the farm. I\ncannot work. I figure I cannot work for other people anymore. When I see how\nthese multimillionaires live, they live like cattle. I got to get a business.\nThat ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/128172/file/239822#t=4380.0,4410.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/128172/file/239822/transcript/66761/annotation/148","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"flower business didn't work out. To make a long story short, then, we\ntalked to real estate people. They said, \"We got a good business for you: the\noldest shoe store on the north side of Chicago.\" It was owned by the only\nRepublican ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/128172/file/239822#t=4410.0,4440.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/128172/file/239822/transcript/66761/annotation/149","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"alderman in the Democratic city council in Chicago. Mayor [Richard\nJ.] Daley was the mayor. You must have heard of him. His son [Richard M. Daley]\nis the mayor now. In between, an African American by the name of Harold\nWashington was mayor. We bought that store on Irving Park Road, [at the\nintersection of] Irving, Lincoln [Avenue], and Damen [Avenue], in a German\nneighborhood. The reason I didn't lose my accent and my ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/128172/file/239822#t=4440.0,4470.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/128172/file/239822/transcript/66761/annotation/150","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"wife didn't. Our\ncustomers -- This was an ethnic neighborhood [of] Germans, Austrians,\nSwiss--ninety percent or more lived there--so we spoke a lot of German in the\nstore. We had only quality shoes like Florsheim, Naturalizer, Lifestride,\nAirstep, all high quality shoes. At that ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/128172/file/239822#t=4470.0,4500.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/128172/file/239822/transcript/66761/annotation/151","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"time, Florsheims retailed for $19.95 a\npair and I bought it for $11.75. I look at the mall today. I took care of a baby\nat the mall, fed him, and walked him around in the stroller while my daughter\ninterviews people. She's a social worker for adoption. She interviews. The\ncheapest shoe on sale was ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/128172/file/239822#t=4500.0,4530.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/128172/file/239822/transcript/66761/annotation/152","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"$60 that I saw. It was $19.95 at that time.\n\nKENT: We heard some of what you said about Germany and your feelings about the\nGermans. What was your attitude about Germans, and Austrians, and so on that you\nmet here, living in that kind of a neighborhood?\n\nWINTERS: Then, my wife already got pregnant and we're going to raise a family.\nWe're going to have children. I ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/128172/file/239822#t=4530.0,4560.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/128172/file/239822/transcript/66761/annotation/153","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"figure I cannot work for other people. I got to\nhave my own business. I got to raise a nice family. I got to send them all\nthrough the universities to get a good education because I was taken out of\nschool. I was forced out of school. Jews couldn't go to school in Nazi Germany.\nWe couldn't vote. That's why I go and vote. We are the only Democrats that\nvoted. It's all Republican around here. It's ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/128172/file/239822#t=4560.0,4590.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/128172/file/239822/transcript/66761/annotation/154","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"terrible. I go to the meeting here.\nI tell them off, too. Nevertheless, when we took over -- Yes? You want to ask me?\n\nKENT: You were talking about raising children. Do you remember having any\nparticular values or any particular way you tried to raise your kids?\n\nWINTERS: Yes. My wife said to me, \"Okay, let's raise our children in the Jewish\nfaith.\" ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/128172/file/239822#t=4590.0,4620.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/128172/file/239822/transcript/66761/annotation/155","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Because when I met her, they had such a wonderful speaker at Temple\nSholom. It was a Reform congregation in Chicago on Lake Shore Drive. The name\nwas Rabbi [Louis] Binstock. He gave such wonderful lectures. Also, they had such\na wonderful cantor. They not only had always a man cantor; they also had ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/128172/file/239822#t=4620.0,4650.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/128172/file/239822/transcript/66761/annotation/156","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"women\ncantor. They have a woman cantor here at the Temple, too. Yes. I used to go\nhere, to the Temple, to the concerts on Sunday afternoons--they don't seem to\nhave them anymore--with my daughter. My wife said, \"Let's raise them in the\nJewish religion.\" I said to her, \"Religion is not important.\" \"Yes,\" but she\nsays, \"They get ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/128172/file/239822#t=4650.0,4680.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/128172/file/239822/transcript/66761/annotation/157","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"ridiculed in school, you know, if they don't believe in\nsomething.\" Nevertheless, none of them [are] religious.\n\nKENT: What have you wanted your children to learn and understand about religion?\n\nWINTERS: I wanted them to get a good education and to take a subject that they\nlike. They are all for poor people. That's what they studied, social ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/128172/file/239822#t=4680.0,4710.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/128172/file/239822/transcript/66761/annotation/158","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"work. One,\nshe was an instructor at the health club in Chicago at the Ritz-Carlton [Hotel].\n\nKENT: Why do you suppose they --\n\nWINTERS: They all vote Democratic, my children. One is single. One has never\nbeen married. I don't think one will ever get married, the one in Los Angeles.\nBut, their husbands [are] both Republicans. They're crazy. My daughters vote Democratic.\n\nKENT: Why do you suppose your ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/128172/file/239822#t=4710.0,4740.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/128172/file/239822/transcript/66761/annotation/159","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"kids are more concerned about poor people and\nsocial work? Do you have any understanding?\n\nWINTERS: They want to do good, but you can't do good in this society. The pay is\nso poor, too. Social work [has] very poor pay. Yes, now you want to ask me more\nquestions or shall I continue?\n\nKENT: Go ahead.\n\nWINTERS: I'll make it fast. It will take too long otherwise. Okay. We lived in\nEvanston then for 34 years in the ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/128172/file/239822#t=4740.0,4770.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/128172/file/239822/transcript/66761/annotation/160","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"same house, near the beach [of] Lake Michigan,\nChicago, Evanston, northern suburb. We used to take the children to the beach a\nlot, and they became lifeguards, too. It was a great mistake to take them to the\nbeach. My wife has skin cancer it turned out, but it's on the surface, because\nshe's light skinned and I'm dark skinned. I have these marks all over, too. I\ndon't pay no ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/128172/file/239822#t=4770.0,4800.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/128172/file/239822/transcript/66761/annotation/161","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"attention. You were talking about education. One went to Evansville\nUniversity and University of Chicago. The other one went in Des Moines, Iowa,\nDrake University. The other one went to Hope College. My daughter in Los Angeles\nworks for the Los Angeles Times. She worked for Mitsubishi ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/128172/file/239822#t=4800.0,4830.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/128172/file/239822/transcript/66761/annotation/162","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"before. Yes, they all\ngot good educations. They even studied in England at Harlaxton, at some -- What\ndo you -- castle, yes, and they traveled. They got good education, yes. When we\ntook over that store, it was owned by a Republican alderman of German descent,\ntoo. He was an ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/128172/file/239822#t=4830.0,4860.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/128172/file/239822/transcript/66761/annotation/163","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"officer in the Navy and he was stationed in the Pacific. He was\ngrossly overweight. I'm a midget compared to him. He must have weighed about 500\npounds. In the meantime, he has died, too, but he got pretty old, 84 years old,\nbeing so overweight.\n\nKENT: Who was --\n\nWINTERS: We bought that store from him. He didn't know how to live either. He\ncarried all the old wood into the basement. The basement looks ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/128172/file/239822#t=4860.0,4890.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/128172/file/239822/transcript/66761/annotation/164","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"terrible. I'll\ntell you how crooked it is in the United States [and] all over the world how\ncorrupt. The fire department, the building code, sent me a letter. They come\ninspecting, the fire department, the building code, all kinds of violations. No\nrailing to the basement, all clogged up. I took it up to the landlord. \"Sit\ndown,\" ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/128172/file/239822#t=4890.0,4920.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/128172/file/239822/transcript/66761/annotation/165","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"he says. He made one call and, my goodness, I never heard anything again.\nHe fixed it all and nothing was done because he knew all the people. Then,\nanother thing. We had that store for 30 years. There were these parking meters\nin front and those that didn't put money in the parking ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/128172/file/239822#t=4920.0,4950.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/128172/file/239822/transcript/66761/annotation/166","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"meter, they got tickets.\nBut this alderman, this Republican politician, the landlord, he never put a\npenny in the meter and he never got a ticket. I told the corner policeman. I\neven told the commander. I say, \"Why don't you give them a ticket?\" They said\nthey're going to lose that job if they give him a ticket. Another thing, that\nhurt us, too, [that at] the store that there was no ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/128172/file/239822#t=4950.0,4980.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/128172/file/239822/transcript/66761/annotation/167","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"parking. Customers came.\n[They said,] \"We cannot park. We like to buy from you, but we can't park.\" Then,\nthat was in the early 1960s. He didn't get rid of his shoes. He had two men that\nworked for him and I guess they were both stealing because he didn't pay him\nthem enough. They -- He paid them $30 a week. One was with him -- His parents,\nhis father and ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/128172/file/239822#t=4980.0,5010.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/128172/file/239822/transcript/66761/annotation/168","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"mother, had the store before him. One worked 50 years; the other\n30 years. He had them do the lie detector test and they failed it, because he\ndidn't pay him enough. One worked Tuesday and one worked Wednesday. One was off\nthose days. I guess they didn't ring up all the sales. He wanted to show that he\nhad a higher volume than he had. Another thing, being in politics, he gave too\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/128172/file/239822#t=5010.0,5040.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/128172/file/239822/transcript/66761/annotation/169","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"many discounts. Policemen, firemen all got discounts. Then, there was another\ndangerous thing having the store. There were so many holdups and robberies. We\ngot robbed, too. I went to court, too. The one that robbed me, volunteered to go\nand fight in Vietnam, so they sent him to Vietnam. Now -- Yes?\n\nKENT: You referred to your health and your weight a few times. I know that food\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/128172/file/239822#t=5040.0,5070.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/128172/file/239822/transcript/66761/annotation/170","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"is often a sensitive issue for survivors. How has food and health been an issue\nfor you since the war?\n\nWINTERS: I said, \"I will never go to bed hungry again in my life.\" Hunger hurts.\nIt's the worst thing there is, going hungry for so many years. Your mind doesn't\nwork anymore when ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/128172/file/239822#t=5070.0,5100.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/128172/file/239822/transcript/66761/annotation/171","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"you go hungry for so many years. You become -- You don't care\nanymore about anything. You know what I mean? You don't care anymore. Having\nnothing to eat for so many years only because you're Jewish, of your religion.\nIt's terrible. They cannot be forgiven for that. Nevertheless, you can ask me\nafterwards. I'll finish up now the United States. We had that store for 30\nyears. When we took ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/128172/file/239822#t=5100.0,5130.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/128172/file/239822/transcript/66761/annotation/172","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"over, the landlord didn't get rid of the shoes he had. He\nhad 10,000 pairs of shoes, but about 9,000 were obsolete. [They] weren't worth\nanything because styles changed all the time at that time. He had them in the\nbasement. He didn't know how to live either. All he did was eat. You go -- We\nwent to the restaurant with him and his wife. As a matter of ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/128172/file/239822#t=5130.0,5160.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/128172/file/239822/transcript/66761/annotation/173","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"fact, he weighed\nabout 500 pounds and his wife weighed maybe 90 pounds. He saved everything. He\ndidn't know how to live. He had so many shoes that I figured, \"We are going to\ngo broke.\" He figured we were going to go broke and he'll get that store back\ncheap, too. I figured we got to get rid of those shoes, so we had big sales. In\nthe early 1960s, ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/128172/file/239822#t=5160.0,5190.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/128172/file/239822/transcript/66761/annotation/174","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"sidewalk sales was a big thing. Later on, it didn't mean\nnothing anymore. Nobody came anymore, sadly, but in the 1960s, people came. We\nhad mountains of shoes out in the street, on the sidewalk sale. Why don't you\nanswer the phone? Elfriede, why don't you answer the phone?\n\nELFRIEDE: I didn't hear it.\n\nWINTERS: She doesn't hear.\n\nKENT: How is it that you ended up in Atlanta later?\n\nWINTERS: I tell ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/128172/file/239822#t=5190.0,5220.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/128172/file/239822/transcript/66761/annotation/175","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"you, to babysit. We babysit for the grandchildren. As a matter\nof fact, Saturday afternoon, where he works as a teacher, there was a wedding.\nThen, the daughter is active. See? She went too late.\n\nKENT: Babysitting?\n\nWINTERS: Yes. Saturday afternoon, I went with the grandson here to the pool\nwhile they ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/128172/file/239822#t=5220.0,5250.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/128172/file/239822/transcript/66761/annotation/176","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"went to the wedding. Then, in the evening, she's active in the social\nclub at the subdivision. I took care of the two grandsons and my wife took care\nof the baby. They bought them here. Till one in the morning, we babysit, but we\nhave a lot of fun. It keeps us young when we care [for them]. But she can't\ncarry the grandson no more. She's got skin ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/128172/file/239822#t=5250.0,5280.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/128172/file/239822/transcript/66761/annotation/177","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"cancer, but she has also this\narthritis. What do you call that? The bad arthritis that she cannot fall, the\nbrittle bones. She can't --\n\nEINSTEIN: Osteoporosis.\n\nWINTERS: Osteoporosis. She cannot carry the baby. He's too heavy, but I can\ncarry him. So, in the beginning, when we took over, we're gonna go broke in this\nstore because the Democrats didn't come in. He was a Republican. Then, ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/128172/file/239822#t=5280.0,5310.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/128172/file/239822/transcript/66761/annotation/178","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"we have\nbig sales, sidewalks sales, and we, got rid of the shoes [for] a dollar a pair.\n[We] even sold at 50 cents a pair. A lot of the people that have a lot of\nchildren, the poor people, they were so happy. We had a long line waiting.\n\nKENT: What are some of your impressions of --\n\nWINTERS: I had to lock the store. Like sardines, so many people. We didn't take\nin much at 50 cents and a dollar a pair. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/128172/file/239822#t=5310.0,5340.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/128172/file/239822/transcript/66761/annotation/179","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"What did you wanna ask me?\n\nKENT: After you came to Atlanta, what were your impressions of this city and how\nit was different from Chicago?\n\nWINTERS: As a matter of fact, I still had the store. I was losing money in that\nstore because people, the old people had died. Every time a funeral procession\nwent by, it was my ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/128172/file/239822#t=5340.0,5370.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/128172/file/239822/transcript/66761/annotation/180","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"customers that died. The young people have moved to the\nsuburbs. We went to so many funeral parlors. I even carried coffins of\ncustomers. At that time, when they were growing up, having the store 30 years, I\nwas like an advisor. They told me all their problems, too, while they were\nsitting there trying on shoes. When people come in for one pair, I tried to sell\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/128172/file/239822#t=5370.0,5400.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/128172/file/239822/transcript/66761/annotation/181","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"them three, four, five, six pairs. We got to get three daughters through the\nuniversities. Nevertheless, how we came to Atlanta -- My wife was [had] already\nwent here and I was still there. I had to get to did that stores in three weeks.\nSo I, instead of holding a holding an out of business ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/128172/file/239822#t=5400.0,5430.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/128172/file/239822/transcript/66761/annotation/182","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"sale--I didn't want to do\nit because you sell one or two pair at a time; no good--so I sold it all. I\njobbed them all out to jobbers at a loss. Got rid of them in three weeks. They\nsent me even the paper. They had bought this house without me being here, but we\nlove it here. The only bad thing about it here, we have to pay a homeowner ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/128172/file/239822#t=5430.0,5460.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/128172/file/239822/transcript/66761/annotation/183","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"fee.\nWhich is terrible. This is like a dictatorship. A small group of people run it.\nYou want me to talk about Atlanta now? A small group of people run it, maybe one\nquarter or less of the 69 houses that are staying here permanently. The other is\ncorporate. They come and ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/128172/file/239822#t=5460.0,5490.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/128172/file/239822/transcript/66761/annotation/184","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"go. They stay one, two or three years, then they leave.\nAs a matter of fact, the woman that lived, the couple that lived next door with\nher son, we are still corresponding. We were very friendly with each other. We\ngo to each other's for dinner and hold picnics. The people that used to live\nthere [on the other side] were friendly, too. They were Postal Inspectors. When\nwe had a bee nest, he came and took care of it. They were Postal ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/128172/file/239822#t=5490.0,5520.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/128172/file/239822/transcript/66761/annotation/185","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Inspectors and\nthey didn't get along with the homeowners' -- What do you call it? That board.\nThey are like dictators. When you want something done, you gotta ask them for\npermission. I told them to go and take a crap already. Because they know that I\nam a Holocaust survivor, so they keep their mouth shut. I speak up.\nNevertheless, right now, there is an Oriental couples ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/128172/file/239822#t=5520.0,5550.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/128172/file/239822/transcript/66761/annotation/186","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"here and they keep to\nthemselves. The reason we move here is to take care of the grandchildren. That's\nthe main reason. Another reason is no more ice and snow. Nevertheless, we had\ntwo ice storms last winter when our Chinese neighbor came visiting us. She says,\n\"They make such a big deal here. In Chicago, they have it all the time in the\nwintertime.\" In Evanston, Illinois, where we ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/128172/file/239822#t=5550.0,5580.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/128172/file/239822/transcript/66761/annotation/187","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"lived, we always had such nice\nneighbors. We have two to three block parties every year. We had the nicest\nneighbors. Here, people keep more to themselves here. Here, it's some people, a\nlot of these computer people, they are kind of high income bracket and they are\nkind of -- How should I say? [They] don't mingle too much. They think they are\nsomething ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/128172/file/239822#t=5580.0,5610.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/128172/file/239822/transcript/66761/annotation/188","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"special. They are nothing special. That person that lives in the\nstreet is homeless and doesn't have enough to eat, he's more special to me than\nthose people. That's why I like the United States, the Democratic Party the\nmost. The Republicans [are] no good. Never -- Okay, now, the main reason is the\ngrandchildren. We ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/128172/file/239822#t=5610.0,5640.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/128172/file/239822/transcript/66761/annotation/189","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"babysit. It keeps us young, but we have health problems. I\ndon't know how long we can do it and I don't know how long we live. Sometimes, I\nfeel like I won't live much longer. I can hear my heart pounding. I don't know.\n\nKENT: How much help or compensation have you received over the years, especially\nwith these health problems now?\n\nWINTERS: We lost ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/128172/file/239822#t=5640.0,5670.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/128172/file/239822/transcript/66761/annotation/190","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"-- The last few years, I should have given up. I should have\ngiven up the shoe store because we lost money in it every year. It was not\nprofitable anymore. The old people have died and the young people have moved to\nthe suburbs. Then, when we bought that store from this man, that's when the\nshopping centers started coming up, and he knew it. He wanted to get rid of it\nat that time. He ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/128172/file/239822#t=5670.0,5700.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/128172/file/239822/transcript/66761/annotation/191","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"counted every pair, so he got his money. He didn't take nothing\nwith him when he died. Crazy. Nevertheless, what did you want to ask?\n\nKENT: Have you received any help from Germany because of your --\n\nWINTERS: Oh, help. I have received nothing in the beginning. When I still had\nthe shoe store and we lost money, because I worked before the shoe ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/128172/file/239822#t=5700.0,5730.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/128172/file/239822/transcript/66761/annotation/192","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"store, let me\nsee, for over 20 years. About 20 years I worked for these drug companies, and\nfor that hospital, and other places. I paid into Social Security, especially\nworking a lot of overtime. I never made a lot of money and my wife never made a\nlot of money. Nevertheless, I took my Social Security at 62. Then, my ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/128172/file/239822#t=5730.0,5760.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/128172/file/239822/transcript/66761/annotation/193","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"wife,\nhaving helped in the shoe store and us losing money, I couldn't claim nothing.\nShe went back to work. She worked at the Swedish nursing home. A funny, fancy\nnursing home in north Evanston. She worked in order to get a little more. We\nboth get very small social security. Each ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/128172/file/239822#t=5760.0,5790.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/128172/file/239822/transcript/66761/annotation/194","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"gets 400 to 500 a month, plus close to\n50 dollars, 48, or 49 is taken off for the Medicare. I'm getting a small pension\nfrom Germany. They call it Schaden und Kopfer Gesundheit [German: damage and\nmental health]. It's physical and mental illness. But it's small. Especially now\nwith the Euro dollar, I get one third ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/128172/file/239822#t=5790.0,5820.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/128172/file/239822/transcript/66761/annotation/195","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"less. It has changed. The [exchange rate\nfor the] Mark is 2.15 or 2.17. It's terrible. I am getting very little now. It\nused to be a little more. I've put in a claim for the slave labor, but they are\nwaiting till everybody is dead. A lot of the Jewish organizations have the\nmoney. It's supposed to be paid out, but they're not paying out. They are\nwaiting for us to ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/128172/file/239822#t=5820.0,5850.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/128172/file/239822/transcript/66761/annotation/196","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"die, for me to die. We get small Social security and I'm\ngetting a small pension from Germany. I can tell you [that] sometimes, when\npeople come visiting, [they say,] \"My goodness, look at the fancy house.\" This\nis one of the smaller houses in the subdivision. We are the poorest people in\nthis ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/128172/file/239822#t=5850.0,5880.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/128172/file/239822/transcript/66761/annotation/197","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"subdivision. I'm telling you. What else you want to know of? What else can\nI tell you? Then, when we took over the store, we had to -- I had to lock the\ndoors. People were in there like sardines because we were giving the shoes away\nfor fifty cents and a dollar a pair. He didn't get rid of them. Then, at the\nend, I jobbed them out and I made very little because I had to rush. Then, after\nwe moved here, I got a registered letter from this man, a multimillionaire. He\nwanted still ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/128172/file/239822#t=5880.0,5910.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/128172/file/239822/transcript/66761/annotation/198","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"rent--I don't know--for two months, so I told him to take a crap. I\ntold him I'm a Holocaust survivor and I don't owe him anything. He has milked\nthat store for the last 30 years, overcharged rent [at] 600 a month, and didn't\nmake no improvements. On top of it, there was a hall above the shoe store and he\nrented it out to these German soccer ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/128172/file/239822#t=5910.0,5940.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/128172/file/239822/transcript/66761/annotation/199","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"clubs and to the -- what do you call these\npeople that travel around, that suffered under the -- Gypsies. When a Gypsy\ndies, they celebrate. You should have seen that hall, how it looked. They threw\nstuff out of it. It was a war zone, that whole block. The police had to cordon\noff the whole block. They had fighting, and shooting, and everything. Next door\nto the store was a ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/128172/file/239822#t=5940.0,5970.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/128172/file/239822/transcript/66761/annotation/200","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"bar. There, them German soccer clubs, they met there and they\nwere fighting. The bartender behind, he was a Volk German from Yugoslavia or\nRomania. He was [fighting] with his fists from behind the bar. The police came\nand said -- My wife was trimming the windows Saturday night. The police said,\n\"Better lock your doors so those people don't come in.\" When they were ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/128172/file/239822#t=5970.0,6000.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/128172/file/239822/transcript/66761/annotation/201","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"fighting,\nthey broke it up, and they sent them home. They didn't want to take them all to jail.\n\nKENT: We would like to hear a little more about you.\n\nWINTERS: Yes.\n\nKENT: You were saying in the very beginning that, as you have gotten older, that\nyour past and the whole war period has been coming back to you more.\n\nWINTERS: Yes.\n\nKENT: What is it like --\n\nWINTERS: Because I have more time now to think. Then, when I worked in the\nbusiness in the shoe store, I'm thinking about the business all the time.\n\nKENT: What kinds of ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/128172/file/239822#t=6000.0,6030.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/128172/file/239822/transcript/66761/annotation/202","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"images, and issues, and so on come to you now when you just\nsit and you are by yourself?\n\nWINTERS: I have kind of hatred. I want those people to be punished and there's\nnothing I can do about that. They haven't been punished. I want the German\nindustrialists to be broken up, confiscated, everything, and given to the few\nsurvivors that are still ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/128172/file/239822#t=6030.0,6060.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/128172/file/239822/transcript/66761/annotation/203","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"alive. That's what I want. It might sound\nmaterialistic, but it's not. I think it's terrible they have not been punished.\nNow, you asked me what else I do. I told you, the club here, that I am mad about\nthe fee, $525 fee. We ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/128172/file/239822#t=6060.0,6090.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/128172/file/239822/transcript/66761/annotation/204","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"don't play tennis and my wife can't go to the pool. She\nhas to stay out of the sun. She has heart trouble and she has -- What do you\ncall it? Osteoporosis and she has skin cancer, but it's on the surface. They\nkeep cutting. You want me to talk about myself. Otherwise, I must say, it's very\nnice here in Atlanta, but ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/128172/file/239822#t=6090.0,6120.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/128172/file/239822/transcript/66761/annotation/205","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"the summers have been terribly hot. Every year, they\nget hotter and we kind of suffer with the heat. What we like is no ice and snow.\nIn the winter, I sit on the deck.\n\nKENT: I am wondering. Your grandkids are going to watch this someday and their\nkids are going to watch this after you're gone. What are the things you would\nwant them to know and understand about you?\n\nWINTERS: The two grand kids were here when I was interviewed ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/128172/file/239822#t=6120.0,6150.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/128172/file/239822/transcript/66761/annotation/206","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"before and the\ndaughter and son-in-law were here.\n\nKENT: What would you want --\n\nWINTERS: They came.\n\nKENT: -- future generations to gain from what you had to experience?\n\nWINTERS: That it should never happen again, but I am sorry to say it'll probably\nhappen again in 50 or 100 years; not now. I think all those Nazis that walk\naround in Germany, they should all be put in the ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/128172/file/239822#t=6150.0,6180.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/128172/file/239822/transcript/66761/annotation/207","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"gas chamber. Gas them. What\nthey did to us, they should be gassed. This might sound harsh. A lot of these\nRepublicans -- If I speak up, my goodness, people are going to -- When they\nhear, it will sound very -- I hate these rightwing, these preachers, that\n[Jerry] Falwell, and that -- What's the other guy's name? He has ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/128172/file/239822#t=6180.0,6210.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/128172/file/239822/transcript/66761/annotation/208","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"such -- What?\n\nKENT: [Pat] Robertson.\n\nWINTERS: Robertson. They are Nazis. They are rightwing and they are crooks,\ncorrupt. From these lonely old women that put on that program, they take their\nlast penny. They're all multimillionaires.\n\nKENT: I wonder. Are there any other comments or opinions you have about the\nJewish world, Jewish culture, Jewish values? You have a lot of opinions. I am ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/128172/file/239822#t=6210.0,6240.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/128172/file/239822/transcript/66761/annotation/209","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"wondering.\n\nWINTERS: Having been in the shoe business, for instance, Nike -- I don't know.\nNow, it has been Jewish owned. I had -- Next to the shoe store in Chicago, I had\na recruiting station [for] the Army. Some people can get into trouble when you\nwhen play that. Am I right or wrong? They cannot get into trouble [with] what I\ntell you now? ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/128172/file/239822#t=6240.0,6270.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/128172/file/239822/transcript/66761/annotation/210","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"No? There was a recruiting station next door. The Army, Navy, and\nAir Force, and Marine Corps, all the services [had a] recruiting station. The\nlandlord, the alderman, he owned all those houses. And there was a Chinese\nrestaurant. He owned a lot of houses in this street. Because of his political\nthing--at that time, Reagan and [George H.] Bush ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/128172/file/239822#t=6270.0,6300.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/128172/file/239822/transcript/66761/annotation/211","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"were in power--he got good rent\nfor that place. I was very friendly with those recruiters. But now, if I tell\nyou the life they live just -- But there was one very attractive African\nAmerican woman, very shapely. She was a petty officer in the Navy. She come into\nthe store all the ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/128172/file/239822#t=6300.0,6330.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/128172/file/239822/transcript/66761/annotation/212","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"time. She would sit on my lap. She had huge breasts and nice\nround buttocks. She'd sit on my lap, and she would tell me to give her the\ncredit. She wanted me as a sugar daddy. She said I should give my credit card,\nthat she ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/128172/file/239822#t=6330.0,6360.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/128172/file/239822/transcript/66761/annotation/213","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"needs some things. You know how they live. They could tomorrow -- They\ndon't say when. They say -- I think she owed a lot of money, too. She'd sit on\nmy lap and stroke me. She said she would spend the whole weekend with me,\nunlimited sex if I give her the charge card. But then I said I would never do\nthat. She would clean me ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/128172/file/239822#t=6360.0,6390.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/128172/file/239822/transcript/66761/annotation/214","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"out. Then, after I said [that], she didn't say hello to\nme anymore. She was mad. I was very friendly with all those recruiters, men and\nwomen. They had in the basement -- They had a couch in the basement. A lot of\nthem were married. They would bring young girls in there to screw like\njackrabbits in the basement. But I don't know if you know can --\n\nEINSTEIN: We will not include that ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/128172/file/239822#t=6390.0,6420.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/128172/file/239822/transcript/66761/annotation/215","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"probably.\n\nWINTERS: No.\n\nKENT: What are you most proud of in terms of what you have accomplished or\nqualities in yourself you have developed in your life?\n\nWINTERS: I haven't accomplished very much. I don't think so. To be frank, one\nthing I must say, all three daughters are just wonderful. No drinking, no\nsmoking, and no dope, no ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/128172/file/239822#t=6420.0,6450.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/128172/file/239822/transcript/66761/annotation/216","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"drugs. They all have turned out very nice. My wife\nraised them extremely nice, because I was in that store 60, 70 hours a week. I\nwas open three nights, Monday, Thursday, Friday, and sometimes even stay late\nSaturday and sometimes be even open Sunday.\n\nKENT: How do you suppose you were as a father? How do you judge ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/128172/file/239822#t=6450.0,6480.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/128172/file/239822/transcript/66761/annotation/217","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"yourself?\n\nWINTERS: I was a good father. I never laid a hand on them. I don't believe in it\nand I don't think my wife ever did. But most of the raising she did because I\nwasn't home much. She helped me in the store, too. She used to get up three\no'clock in the morning, and go, and clean the store.\n\nKENT: You also mentioned, I think during the break, that ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/128172/file/239822#t=6480.0,6510.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/128172/file/239822/transcript/66761/annotation/218","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"you have been --\n\nWINTERS: She was kind of my maid, my private maid. You cannot do that with a\nJewish girl. You can only do that with a shiksa [Yiddish: non-Jewish woman or\ngirl]? Am I right? Can you --\n\nKENT: We will edit that out.\n\nWINTERS: Can you? You want me to talk frankly? Yes. What else you want to know?\n\nKENT: You said that you were difficult to live with.\n\nWINTERS: Yes, I get mad very ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/128172/file/239822#t=6510.0,6540.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/128172/file/239822/transcript/66761/annotation/219","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"easily. I don't like injustice. My wife would like\nto control me, but I control her. After you have been married for 40 years, you\nget on each other's nerves, too. Now, she goes every day to the health club. She\ndoes water aerobics for her -- What do you call it?\n\nEINSTEIN: Osteoporosis.\n\nWINTERS: Osteoporosis. The doctor told her she cannot fall. If she break --\n\nKENT: Do you have any ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/128172/file/239822#t=6540.0,6570.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/128172/file/239822/transcript/66761/annotation/220","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"understanding of how you might be different from other\npeople because of your experience? How is a Holocaust survivor different in\ngeneral than other people?\n\nWINTERS: I'm a liberal, very liberal. I might not be otherwise. I don't know,\nbut I think most Jews are liberal. I don't ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/128172/file/239822#t=6570.0,6600.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/128172/file/239822/transcript/66761/annotation/221","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"know.\n\nKENT: How did the war experience make you more liberal?\n\nWINTERS: I tell you why, how it does. Because if we wouldn't have had the\nDepression in Germany, and so many million people unemployed, and lying in the\nstreets hungry, the Nazis probably never would have come to power. They come to\npower and they start making ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/128172/file/239822#t=6600.0,6630.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/128172/file/239822/transcript/66761/annotation/222","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"ammunition. Many people say, \"Oh, the German Jews\nwere more German than Jewish,\" which is not true, because all the heavy industry\nin Germany, none of it was owned by Jews. Like, Krupp. You've heard of Krupp?\nKrupp und Halbach, and Siemens, and IG Farben, and Bayer -- none of them were\nJewish. Just the smaller businesses were ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/128172/file/239822#t=6630.0,6660.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/128172/file/239822/transcript/66761/annotation/223","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Jewish. I was a child then, but that's\nwhy I'm so liberal and that's why I'm for the Democrats. I don't like that Ralph\nNader. He's a multimillionaire himself. He's trying to spoil it for Gore. He\nshould get out of it and support the Democrats.\n\nKENT: Is there anything else you would like to mention about your history and\nwhat you are going to pass on to your kids? Anything I did ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/128172/file/239822#t=6660.0,6690.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/128172/file/239822/transcript/66761/annotation/224","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"not ask about?\n\nWINTERS: They know, but I think they are too young to understand all that. They\nare still too young. They are still very young.\n\nKENT: What would you want them to understand that they do not?\n\nWINTERS: To be for the little people, to be for the ordinary people. I tell you\nanother terrible ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/128172/file/239822#t=6690.0,6720.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/128172/file/239822/transcript/66761/annotation/225","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"problem my wife and I have: pills. Besides the heart, I have\nheartburn [of] the esophagus. I suffer terrible. I cannot lie down at night. I\nhave to sit up. That's why my wife and I, we sleep in separate rooms. When she\nhad change of life, she lost all interest in me. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/128172/file/239822#t=6720.0,6750.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/128172/file/239822/transcript/66761/annotation/226","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"But I'm not fooling around. I\ncan take it or leave it. I'm an old man. Yes, I going to be 76. But with the\npills, we have so much trouble. There is a pill and so many doctors. We go from\ndoctor to doctor. They leave the HMOs. We are on our sixth doctor already.\nThere's one pill called 'Prevacid.' There's hundreds of different ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/128172/file/239822#t=6750.0,6780.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/128172/file/239822/transcript/66761/annotation/227","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"pills for the\nesophagus. Nothing really helps. It helps only temporarily for a very short\ntime. The doctor before this one, he prescribed Prevacid for the esophagus.\nThere's another one [called] 'Prilosec,' but he prescribed Prevacid. It costs\nfour dollars a pill. Every time I go to the pharmacy, I curse the Republicans\nbecause ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/128172/file/239822#t=6780.0,6810.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/128172/file/239822/transcript/66761/annotation/228","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"it costs less than a penny to make the pill. On top of it, they\nadvertise it. What we are spending on pills, I cannot tell you. I ask for\nsamples when I go to the doctor. Sometimes, I get some; sometimes, no. But I see\nthe manufacturers present. They bring them samples. I don't know what they do\nwith them. Here come the grandsons. Linda!\n\nKENT: We are going to ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/128172/file/239822#t=6810.0,6840.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/128172/file/239822/transcript/66761/annotation/229","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"stop.\n\nWINTERS: -- mostly my daughter. The children are too young. They cannot stomach\nall that. They are too young for it. Even when I speak in middle school, I don't\nlike to make it too morbid. They are young people. I think it's nice that they\nteach them in the school. The teachers are very nice, too. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/128172/file/239822#t=6840.0,6870.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/128172/file/239822/transcript/66761/annotation/230","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"But most of these\nkids around here come from Republican families. That's the sad thing. The South\nused to be Democratic, but then the Dixiecrats went home. He threw them out.\nThen, they became Republican. See, all the South will go Republican, but the\nNorth will go Democratic, the big industrial states. I go vote in every primary,\ntoo. Now I can ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/128172/file/239822#t=6870.0,6900.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/128172/file/239822/transcript/66761/annotation/231","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"vote absentee. When you're 75 or older, you can. I tell you, when\nwe go to the polling place, they all ask for the Republican ticket. Elfriede, is\nLinda here?\n\nELFRIEDE: She's gone.\n\nWINTERS: Why didn't she stay?\n\nELFRIEDE: She had no time.\n\nWINTERS: Oh.\n\nKENT: I wonder. Maybe one more question before the tape runs out.\n\nWINTERS: Yes?\n\nKENT: You were saying in 50 years, you thought maybe ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/128172/file/239822#t=6900.0,6930.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/128172/file/239822/transcript/66761/annotation/232","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"another Holocaust would\ncome. If the Germans are to watch this 50 years from now, what would you want to\nsay to them?\n\nWINTERS: Well, right now you have high unemployment in Germany. See, when\nGermany was parted into east and west, you had no unemployment. Under the\nSocialists [and] the Communists, everybody must work. If somebody doesn't ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/128172/file/239822#t=6930.0,6960.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/128172/file/239822/transcript/66761/annotation/233","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"work,\nthey let them rest for a while, but then they come, and say, \"You got to go to\nwork.\" There's no unemployment. I'm not a communist. Don't get me wrong. I am\nnot. My father, and mother, and my grandparents, they weren't. They were Social\nDemocrats. But I think the ideal system is in the Scandinavian countries. From\nbirth to death, nobody goes hungry and nobody goes without ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/128172/file/239822#t=6960.0,6990.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/128172/file/239822/transcript/66761/annotation/234","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"medical care. This is\nterrible here, with those pills. Nobody should make money on human misery. Yes,\nwe are living on pills, both of us. I take three prescription pills: Prevacid,\nand Atenolol, and Lescol [for] high blood pressure, high cholesterol, and chest pain.\n\nEINSTEIN: One more question.\n\nWINTERS: Yes.\n\nEINSTEIN: If you do not mind.\n\nWINTERS: You can ask anything. Don't be --\n\nEINSTEIN: What is the best ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/128172/file/239822#t=6990.0,7020.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/128172/file/239822/transcript/66761/annotation/235","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"thing that has happened to you in your life, maybe\nespecially in your life here in America? What is the thing that you have really\njust had a great time doing or the best thing that has happened?\n\nWINTERS: That's hard. I think I have a lovely family. That is the best thing\nthat's happened. The daughters, all three of them, they are just wonderful. No\ndrugs, and no drinking, and no dope. No, they're just ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/128172/file/239822#t=7020.0,7050.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/128172/file/239822/transcript/66761/annotation/236","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"wonderful. They turned out\nokay, which is important because -- Yes. And I always go with them. They don't\ngo unsupervised. A lot of these parents want to get rid of their children. Even\nthey send them to the pool, here and there. They don't come without the parents.\nThey want to get rid of them. Yes, and my son-in-law is going to have a\nvasectomy. He don't want no more ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/128172/file/239822#t=7050.0,7080.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/128172/file/239822/transcript/66761/annotation/237","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"children. On Wednesday--I hear that's painful,\ntoo--before he goes to -- We all are going to Chicago. They're all invited. That\nfriend of mine [with] the daughter that's getting married, he was stationed in\nJapan, in the army. He didn't want to come home. He liked those geisha girls.\nThey give him a bath and all that. I used to ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/128172/file/239822#t=7080.0,7110.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/128172/file/239822/transcript/66761/annotation/238","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"go with him to the horse races,\ntoo, when we were single, when we were young. The other one that's picking us\nup, that worked -- I have some friends for so many -- friends for years before I\nmet my wife. The one that the daughter's getting married, he told me I should\nmarry her. I wanted to marry a Jewish girl, but I didn't ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/128172/file/239822#t=7110.0,7140.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/128172/file/239822/transcript/66761/annotation/239","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"find one.\n\nEINSTEIN: It sounds like you have had a wonderful life in many ways.\n\nWINTERS: The United States is wonderful. I love this country, and I love the\nDemocrats, the Clintons, and Gores, but still, I have never been 100 percent\nhappy here. I guess it's because of the past. That has spoiled everything. My\nwife always tells me I should ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/128172/file/239822#t=7140.0,7170.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/128172/file/239822/transcript/66761/annotation/240","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"only think of the good things in life, the rosy\nthings. She wants me to forget it, too.\n\nKENT: Can you?\n\nWINTERS: No, you can't. I think the best thing [is] to keep it to myself and not\nto burden the children with it because they are too young. The grandchildren are\ntoo young. Now, you see all the ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/128172/file/239822#t=7170.0,7200.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/128172/file/239822/transcript/66761/annotation/241","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"pictures all over? Also in my room. I can show\nyou if you want to see. Not important, but when I was a baby, my parents, my\naunt and all. There's another thing. I've been friends with the one that used to\nbe the greatest television star in Germany. He has died of stomach cancer. His\nname was Hans Rosenthal. I have those ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/128172/file/239822#t=7200.0,7230.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/128172/file/239822/transcript/66761/annotation/242","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"pictures in my room, but they're all on\nthe wall. I don't want to take them off.\n\nKENT: Let us just look at the pictures in there.\n\nEINSTEIN: Let us stop the tape.\n\nKENT: Yes. Thank you, Mr. Warner.\n\nEINSTEIN: Thank you.\n\nWINTERS: Sure, yes.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/128172/file/239822#t=7230.0,7260.0"}]},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/128172/file/239822/annotation_set/1319","type":"AnnotationPage","label":{"en":["Annotations [Transcript]"]},"items":[{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/128172/file/239822/annotation_set/1319/annotation/243","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eCommunism is an economic and political philosophy that aims to redistribute wealth from the bourgeoisie (capitalists) to the proletariat (workers). The philosophy originated with German philosophers Karl Marx (1818-1883) and Friedrich Engels (1820-1895), who published The Communist Manifesto in 1848. Communist ideas spread rapidly in the late 19th and early 20th centuries. In 1918, the Kommunistische Partei Deutschlands (Communist Party of Germany, KPD) was formed. It reached its peak in 1932, but was soon banned by Hitler, who saw the party as a radical threat to his political and economic control of Germany. The Nazis began imprisoning German communists at Dachau in 1933.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/128172/file/239822#t=30.0,60.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/128172/file/239822/annotation_set/1319/annotation/244","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe Great Depression is the term used for a severe economic recession that began in the United States in 1929. It had far-reaching effects around the globe, especially in Europe. Germany had weathered a period of intense inflation in the 1920s due to reparations required after World War I. To pay the reparations, Germany had borrowed millions of dollars from the United States. American demands for loan repayment had disastrous repercussion on the already fragile German economy. With banks failing and unemployment rising, an angry, frightened and financially struggling populace became more open to fascism. Germany’s deteriorating economic conditions in the 1930s led in part to the rise of Adolf Hitler and the Nazi Party.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/128172/file/239822#t=30.0,60.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/128172/file/239822/annotation_set/1319/annotation/245","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eUnder the 1935 Nuremberg Laws, people were subject to different restrictions depending on how many Jewish grandparents they had, if they were Jewish but married to a non-Jew and vice-versa, and if they were the children of a marriage between a Jew and non-Jew, called “Mischlinge” (a pejorative term for so-called mixed-race persons). Marriages with non-Jewish husbands and children not raised Jewish were considered “privileged.” The Jewish wife received better rations than other Jews and did not have to wear the Magen David, or yellow Star of David. Jewish men married to “Aryan” women or couples with children raised Jewish did not experience such favorable treatment. All intermarried couples and their children suffered discrimination, ostracism, sometimes lost their homes, jobs, educations and livelihoods, and were under constant pressure to divorce. Until late in the war, intermarried Jewish partners were exempt from deportation and ghettoization. As the war went on, persecution of intermarried Jews within the German Reich increased. Intermarried Jews were put into segregated labor battalions of the Todt Organization, sent to labor camps and ghettos like Theresienstadt, or sent to concentration camps. Still, Jews who were married to non-Jews had a greater chance of surviving the \u003cbr\u003eHolocaust\u003cbr\u003e.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/128172/file/239822#t=120.0,150.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/128172/file/239822/annotation_set/1319/annotation/246","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eMate or maté is a traditional South American caffeine-rich infused herbal drink. It is also known as Yerba mate or yerba-maté in Brazil.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/128172/file/239822#t=180.0,210.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/128172/file/239822/annotation_set/1319/annotation/247","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eAdolf Hitler (1889-1945) was a German politician who was the leader of the Nazi Party, Chancellor of Germany from 1933 to 1945, and Führer (“leader”) of Nazi Germany from 1934 to 1945. As dictator of Nazi Germany, he initiated World War II in Europe with the invasion of Poland in September 1939 and was a central figure of the Holocaust.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/128172/file/239822#t=210.0,240.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/128172/file/239822/annotation_set/1319/annotation/248","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe National Socialist German Workers’ Party (NSDAP), commonly known as the “Nazi Party,” was a political party in Germany active between 1920 and 1945. The party’s leader was Adolf Hitler. Initially, Nazi political strategy focused on anti-big business, anti-bourgeois, and anti-capitalist rhetoric. In the 1930s the party's focus shifted to antisemitic and anti-Marxist themes. Racism was also central to Nazism. The Nazis aimed to unite all Germans as national comrades, whilst excluding those deemed either to be community aliens or of a foreign race. The Nazis sought to improve the stock of the Germanic people through racial purity and eugenics, broad social welfare programs, and a disregard for the value of individual life, which could be sacrificed for the good of the Nazi state and the “Aryan master race.”\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/128172/file/239822#t=240.0,270.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/128172/file/239822/annotation_set/1319/annotation/249","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eSocialism is an economic and political philosophy that believes a democratically elected government should control and equally distribute economic resources to all citizens, rather than have production controlled by private owners. In Germany, the Social Democratic Party of Germany (Sozialdemokratische Partei Deutschlands, SPD) grew out of the trade union movement of the 1860s. By World War I, it was the largest party in the German parliament. SPD leader Friedrich Ebert (1871-1925) became the first president of the Weimar Republic from 1919 to 1925. The SPD was outlawed by the Nazis in 1933. Many of its members were jailed or sent to concentration camps. After World War II, the party was revived and steadily grew to become one of the major political parties of contemporary Germany.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/128172/file/239822#t=270.0,300.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/128172/file/239822/annotation_set/1319/annotation/250","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eHistorically, European Jews were prohibited from many professions. As a result, Jews were disproportionally represented in certain professions such as medicine, law, banking and retail, which made them more visibly middle class. However, many Jews living in Germany before World War II were also refugees from Eastern Europe, who eked out only humble livings as industrial workers, artisans or peddlers. The hyperinflation of the early 1920s and the Great Depression impacted the lives of all German Jews.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/128172/file/239822#t=300.0,330.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/128172/file/239822/annotation_set/1319/annotation/251","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eWilliam “Bill” Jefferson Clinton (1946- ) was the 42nd President of the United States. He served from 1993 to 2001. He was a Democrat. His wife, Hillary Diane Rodham Clinton (1947- ) is an American politician who served as a Senator in New York from 2001 to 2009 and as Secretary of State in President Barrack Obama’s administration from 2009 to 2013. She ran for the Democratic nomination for President of the United States in the 2008 and 2016 elections.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/128172/file/239822#t=330.0,360.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/128172/file/239822/annotation_set/1319/annotation/252","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eAlbert “Al” Arnold Gore Jr. (1948- ) is an American politician and environmentalist who served as the 45th vice-president of the United States from 1993 to 2001. He was the Democratic nominee for the 2000 presidential election, which he lost in a very close race after a Florida recount. Mary Elizabeth \"Tipper\" Gore (1948-) is an American social issues advocate. She was the second lady of the United States from 1993 to 2001 through her marriage to 45th vice president Al Gore in 1970, although they separated in 2010.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/128172/file/239822#t=360.0,390.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/128172/file/239822/annotation_set/1319/annotation/253","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eA \u003cem\u003ebar mitzvah\u003c/em\u003e [Hebrew: son of commandments] is a rite of passage for Jewish boys aged 13 years and one day. At that time, a Jewish boy is considered a responsible adult for most religious purposes. He is now duty-bound to keep the commandments, he puts on \u003cem\u003etefillin\u003c/em\u003e, and may be counted to the minyan quorum for public worship. He celebrates the bar mitzvah by being called up to the reading of the \u003cem\u003eTorah\u003c/em\u003e in the synagogue, usually on the next available Sabbath after his Hebrew birthday.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/128172/file/239822#t=360.0,390.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/128172/file/239822/annotation_set/1319/annotation/254","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe New Synagogue [German: \u003cem\u003eNeue Synagoge\u003c/em\u003e] on Oranienburger Strasse in Berlin, Germany opened in 1866. The Moorish Revival building featured a golden dome and two large turrets. It was the largest synagogue in Germany, seating over 3,000 people. During the 1938 Kristallnacht pogrom, the synagogue was spared from major damage. During the war, parts of the building were used as uniform depots. The building was heavily damaged during Allied bombing raids. In 1995, restored sections of the building reopened as the Centrum Judaicum, a museum of Berlin Jewish history, and is used as a cultural center.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/128172/file/239822#t=360.0,390.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/128172/file/239822/annotation_set/1319/annotation/255","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eIt is unknown who Rabbi Noble was. Rabbi Melwin Warschauer (1871-1955) presided at the Neue Synagogue until 1938.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/128172/file/239822#t=390.0,420.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/128172/file/239822/annotation_set/1319/annotation/256","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eOrthodox Judaism is a traditional branch of Judaism that strictly follows the written Torah and the oral law concerning prayer, dress, food, sex, family relations, social behavior, the Sabbath day, holidays, and more.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/128172/file/239822#t=390.0,420.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/128172/file/239822/annotation_set/1319/annotation/257","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003ePayess\u003c/em\u003e or \u003cem\u003epayot\u003c/em\u003e [Hebrew: sidelocks or sidecurls] are worn by some men and boys in the Orthodox Jewish community based on a Biblical injunction against shaving the “corners” of one’s beard. They generally take the form of long, curled sideburns.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/128172/file/239822#t=390.0,420.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/128172/file/239822/annotation_set/1319/annotation/258","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eMillions of people were killed by the Nazis in gas vans or in stationary gas chambers. The Nazis began experimenting with poison gas for the purpose of mass murder in late 1939, when patients with mental illness or physical disabilities were killed with carbon monoxide gas in six installations as part of the Euthanasia Program. By 1941, vans with carbon monoxide piped into sealed passenger compartments were used by killing squads (Einsatzgruppe) in the east and at the Chelmno killing center. Gas chambers were then installed at the Belzec, Sobibor, Treblinka, and Auschwitz-Birkenau killing centers, where either carbon monoxide or a pesticide, Zyklon B, was used to murder millions. Other concentration camps like Stutthof, Mauthausen, Sachsenhausen, and Ravensbruck also had gas chambers, but were not specifically designed as killing centers.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/128172/file/239822#t=420.0,450.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/128172/file/239822/annotation_set/1319/annotation/259","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eAuschwitz-Birkenau was a network of camps built and operated by Germany just outside the Polish town of Oswiecem (renamed “Auschwitz” by the Germans) in Polish areas annexed by Germany during World War II. Auschwitz was a complex of camps: the Main Camp (Auschwitz I), Auschwitz-Birkenau (Auschwitz II) and Monowitz (Auschwitz III). Many smaller sub-camps were attached to the complex, which drew their labor from the Main Camp and Auschwitz-Birkenau. It is estimated that the SS and police deported at a minimum 1.3 million people (approximately 1.1 million of which were Jews) to the Auschwitz-Birkenau complex between 1940 and 1945. Camp authorities murdered 1.1 million of these prisoners. Auschwitz II, also known as Birkenau, was about 2-1/2 miles away from the main camp. It had the largest total prisoner population. This is the camp with the big brick gate and the railroad tracks leading to the ramp and where the four gas chambers and crematoria came to be located.  The Monowitz camp, also known as Auschwitz III or Buna, was about 4 miles east of the Auschwitz Main Camp. It was a complex built to house slave laborers for the German chemical firm IG Farben.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/128172/file/239822#t=420.0,450.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/128172/file/239822/annotation_set/1319/annotation/260","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eInteressengemeinschaft Farbenindustrie \u003c/em\u003eAG, commonly known as IG Farben, was a German chemical and pharmaceutical conglomerate formed in 1925 in Frankfurt, Germany. During World War II, the company operated numerous plants in or near concentration camps. Almost half of its workforce of 330,000 men and women consisted of slave laborers, including 30,000 Auschwitz-Birkenau prisoners. IG Farben staff were involved in medical experiments in some camps and a subsidiary produced the pesticide, Zyklon B, used to kill millions of concentration camps prisoners. After the war, some of the company’s directors were tried for war crimes and given brief prison sentences. IG Farben ceased operations in 1952 and was eventually liquidated.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/128172/file/239822#t=420.0,450.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/128172/file/239822/annotation_set/1319/annotation/261","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eWhen IG Farben was liquidated after the war, its assets were distributed as reparations to slave laborers and the company was split back into its founding companies. Agfa, BASF, Bayer, and Hoechst remained in business. Hoechst became Celanese AG in 1999 before eventually becoming Sanofi.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/128172/file/239822#t=420.0,450.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/128172/file/239822/annotation_set/1319/annotation/262","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eHenry Morgenthau, Jr. (1891-1967) was born to a prominent Jewish family in New York City. He served as the U.S. Secretary of Treasury during the Roosevelt and Truman administrations (1934—1945). He played a major role in designing and financing the New Deal and was responsible for proposing the “Morgenthau Plan” for postwar Germany. He also played a major role in shaping foreign policy and advocated for Jewish refugees during World War II.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/128172/file/239822#t=450.0,480.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/128172/file/239822/annotation_set/1319/annotation/263","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eFranklin Delano Roosevelt (1882-1945) was the 32nd President of the United States and a central figure in world events during the mid-twentieth century, leading the United States through a time of worldwide economic crisis and war. Popularly known as “FDR,” he collapsed and died in his home in Warm Springs, Georgia just a few months before the end of World War II. He was a Democrat.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/128172/file/239822#t=450.0,480.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/128172/file/239822/annotation_set/1319/annotation/264","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eIn September 1944, Henry Morgenthau, Jr. proposed a plan for postwar Germany that would remove Germany’s military strength and prevent further conflict. The “Morgenthau Plan” envisioned Germany as a weakened, agricultural country. The Allies would remove or destroy all industrial plants and equipment and strategic or industrial areas would come under international control. Initially accepted by President Roosevelt, the plan was quickly withdrawn as it would have left Germany reliant on foreign finance and it would not have been able to pay war reparations. \u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/128172/file/239822#t=480.0,510.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/128172/file/239822/annotation_set/1319/annotation/265","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe Berlin Wall [German: \u003cem\u003eBerliner Mauer\u003c/em\u003e] was a 155 kilometer (over 96 miles) long wall, which cut through the middle of Berlin, Germany’s city center and surrounded West Berlin. It was built in the fall of 1961 by the German Democratic Republic to prevent people from escaping the Soviet-controlled East. The wall came to symbolize the Cold War’s division of East from West Germany and of eastern from western Europe. In November 1989, the East German government opened the country’s borders with West Germany and openings were made in the Berlin Wall through which Germans could travel freely. The demolition of the wall soon began, although some sections remain as protected historical monuments.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/128172/file/239822#t=540.0,570.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/128172/file/239822/annotation_set/1319/annotation/266","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eIn 1949, Germany formally split into two independent nations: the \u003cbr\u003eFederal Republic of Germany (FDR, or West Germany), allied to the Western democracies, and the German Democratic Republic (GDR, or East Germany) allied to the Soviet Union. By 1989, the political situation in eastern Europe and the Soviet Union had begun to change. A series of protests, reforms, and negotiations eventually led to the decay of the GDR. On October 3, 1990, Germany was reestablished as a single sovereign state.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/128172/file/239822#t=540.0,570.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/128172/file/239822/annotation_set/1319/annotation/267","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eRonald Wilson Reagan (1911-2004) was the 40th President of the United States. He served from 1981 to 1989 and he was a Republican. Reagan began his career in the entertainment industry, from 1947 to 1952, and from 1959 to 1960, Reagan served as the president of the Screen Actors Guild. During the 1950’s, he worked in television and spoke for General Electric. He was elected governor of California in 1966 and in 1980, Reagan won the Republican nomination and then a landslide victory over incumbent Democratic president Jimmy Carter in the presidential election.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/128172/file/239822#t=540.0,570.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/128172/file/239822/annotation_set/1319/annotation/268","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eWalter is referring to the “Bitburg Controversy,” which was a backlash in response to a ceremonial visit by U.S. President Ronald Reagan to the Kolmeshohe [German: Kolmeshöhe] Military Cemetery near Bitburg, West Germany in May 1985. West German Chancellor Helmut Kohl invited Reagan to the cemetery during his visit to West Germany to commemorate the 40th anniversary of the end of World War II in Europe and as a reconciliatory gesture. This invitation and visit were criticized by Jewish communities in the United States and globally when it became known that 49 of the 2,000 German soldiers buried at the site had been members of the Waffen-SS, the military arm of Nazi Germany's Schutzstaffel (SS). The entire SS had been judged to be a criminal organization at the Nuremberg trials. The itinerary was amended, and Reagan and Kohl visited Bergen-Belsen concentration camp before visiting Bitburg, resulting in Reagan only spending eight minutes at the cemetery.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/128172/file/239822#t=570.0,600.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/128172/file/239822/annotation_set/1319/annotation/269","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eEliezer \"Elie\" Wiesel (1928-2016) was a Jewish writer, professor, political activist, Nobel Laureate, and Holocaust survivor. He was born in Sighet, Transylvania, which is now part of Romania.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/128172/file/239822#t=570.0,600.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/128172/file/239822/annotation_set/1319/annotation/270","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eBerlin’s Boys School of the Jewish Community [German: \u003cem\u003eJüdische Oberschule der Jüdische Gemeinde\u003c/em\u003e] was founded in 1826. In 1862, it moved into a building at 27 Grosse Hamburger Strasse in Berlin, Germany. \u003cbr\u003eIn 1931, it began accepting girls as well. In 1942, it was closed. Until 1945, the Nazis used the building, along with the Jewish retirement home next door, as a deportation center. After the war, the building was used as a vocational school by the East German government. Following reunification, the building was returned to the Jewish community. After extensive renovation, the Jewish High School reopened in 1993. In 2012, it was renamed the Moses Mendelssohn Jewish High School.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/128172/file/239822#t=600.0,630.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/128172/file/239822/annotation_set/1319/annotation/271","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eOn April 25, 1933, the “Law against Overcrowding in Schools and Universities” was issued. It dramatically limited the number of Jewish students attending public schools to no more than 5 percent of the total student population. In 1933, 75 percent of all Jewish students attended public schools in Germany. In the face of increasing persecution at public schools, Jews in Germany turned increasingly to private schools for their children. Then on April 9, 1937, the Mayor of Berlin ordered public schools not to admit Jewish children until further notice. On November 15, 1938, the Reich Ministry of Education expelled all Jewish children from German public schools. Private Jewish schools were allowed to remain open until 1942.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/128172/file/239822#t=600.0,630.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/128172/file/239822/annotation_set/1319/annotation/272","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe Nazis subjected millions of people (both Jews and other victim groups) to forced, or slave labor, both inside and outside concentration camps, often under brutal conditions. Forced labor was often pointless and humiliating, and imposed without proper equipment, clothing, nourishment, or rest. Within the German Reich, prisoners of the early concentration camps were recruited for forced labor as early as 1933. From the end of 1938 on, Jews in Germany and Austria were deployed as forced laborers at a variety of municipal projects, in agriculture, mining, and industry, as well as to enlarge military infrastructure. Forced labor was part of the systematic persecution of Jews but also served as a method for economic gain and to meet the increasingly desperate labor shortages necessary for the war effort.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/128172/file/239822#t=600.0,630.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/128172/file/239822/annotation_set/1319/annotation/273","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eSpinnstofffabrik Zehlendorf\u003c/em\u003e AG was established in 1937 in Berlin, Germany. Originally founded in 1899 as the \u003cem\u003eElberfelder Papierfabrik\u003c/em\u003e AG, the company produced artificial silk and rayon. During World War II, young Jewish forced laborers produced silk for parachutes there. The threads of the synthetic silk used for the parachutes were run through basins filled with sulfuric acid and water, a toxic solution that can burn tissue, irritate eyes, and cause lung damage. From September 1943, it was a subcamp of the Sachsenhausen concentration camp. In 1998, the company—a subsidiary of Hoescht AG—was sold.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/128172/file/239822#t=630.0,660.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/128172/file/239822/annotation_set/1319/annotation/274","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eYiddish is the common historical language of Ashkenazi Jews from Central and Eastern Europe. It is heavily Germanic based but uses the Hebrew alphabet. The language was spoken or understood as a common tongue for many European Jews up until the middle of the twentieth century.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/128172/file/239822#t=630.0,660.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/128172/file/239822/annotation_set/1319/annotation/275","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003ePrivate German companies such as Siemens were integrated into military preparations during World War II. Siemens relied on forced laborers to meet their production quotas and established multiple factories inside or adjacent to concentration camps. Siemens used at least 80,000 forced laborers between 1940 and 1945, including Jews, prisoners of war, and foreign workers.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/128172/file/239822#t=690.0,720.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/128172/file/239822/annotation_set/1319/annotation/276","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eSiemens operated factories in at least four of Flossenburg’s subcamps. The Flossenburg [German: Flossenbürg] concentration camp was founded in 1938 near the town of Flossenburg, Germany. It was originally meant for political and criminal prisoners. In was expanded over time and by summer 1943, had nearly 90 sub-camps. By March 1945, Flossenburg’s population had swelled to nearly 53,000 with prisoners evacuated from camps in the east and dumped there. Flossenburg was evacuated starting on April 15, 1945, both by train and on foot. Only about 1,500 prisoners were left when the Americans liberated the camp on April 23, 1945.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/128172/file/239822#t=690.0,720.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/128172/file/239822/annotation_set/1319/annotation/277","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eJ. A. Topf and Sons [German: J. A. \u003cem\u003eTopf und Söhne\u003c/em\u003e] was an engineering company founded in 1878 in Erfurt, Germany by Johannes Andreas Topf. The firm built products such as steam boilers, chimneys and trash incinerators. In the early 20th century, they also began producing crematory ovens for funeral homes. By the 1930s, the family-run company was led by brothers Ludwig (1903-1945) and Ernst Wolfgang Topf (1904-1979), both early members of the Nazi Party. In 1939, the company entered into business with the Reich, delivering ovens to the Buchenwald concentration camp. By 1941, 40 percent of the company’s oven sales were to the SS. Topf and Sons regularly supplied ovens to most of the major concentration camps. By the end of the Holocaust, at least 25 of their ovens were in operation in German occupied territories. As the “Final Solution” progressed, the company began designing “better” ovens capable of burning more than one body at a time and producing ventilation systems to remove Zyklon B gas from gas chambers. The company also sent fitters to Auschwitz-Birkenau to oversee installation and ensure they worked properly, which required them to observe the murder of Jews. After the war, five employees were sentenced to prison. Ludwig Topf committed suicide, while his brother fled to West Germany. The company later collapsed after Ernst Wolfgang’s past was publicly revealed, but he was never tried and maintained his innocence until the end.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/128172/file/239822#t=720.0,750.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/128172/file/239822/annotation_set/1319/annotation/278","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eMercedes-Benz is a popular brand of taxi in numerous countries worldwide. In Israel in the 1960s and 1970s, taxis were commonly Mercedes-Benz.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/128172/file/239822#t=750.0,780.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/128172/file/239822/annotation_set/1319/annotation/279","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eIn 1938, German motor vehicle manufacturer Volkswagen had opened a large factory complex in Fallersleben in northern Germany. Originally built to produce what would become the Volkswagen Beetle, civilian production was halted with the onset of World War II. Volkswagen shifted to military production, but lacked a sufficient workforce. Volkswagen was among the first companies to take advantage of forced labor. Eventually, 60 percent of the workforce at the massive Fallersleben complex was comprised of Jewish and non-Jewish forced labor, primarily from Eastern Europe. The facility became a subcamp of the Neuengamme concentration camp and contained four concentration camps and eight forced-labor camps. Forced laborers assembled V-1 rockets at the Fallersleben factory.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/128172/file/239822#t=780.0,810.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/128172/file/239822/annotation_set/1319/annotation/280","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eGerman motor vehicle manufacturer \u003cem\u003eBayerische Motoren Werke\u003c/em\u003e (Bavarian Motor Works, or BMW) was originally an airplane engine manufacturer founded in 1916. After World War I, the company began manufacturing motorcycles and cars. During World War II, the company returned to aircraft engine production. Owner Gunther Quandt and his son, Herbert, were strong supporters of the Nazi Party. Gunther was also a major shareholder of Accumulatoren-Fabrik AG, or AFA, a battery company that relied on forced labor during World War II and whose Berlin subsidiary was run by Herbert. Both Quandts collaborated with the Nazis, taking over Jewish firms and employing forced laborers in their factories. AFA and BMW used concentration camp prisoners in factories outside of numerous concentration camps, including Buchenwald, Dora-Mittelbau, Dachau, Natzweiler-Struthof, Papenburg, and Sachsenhausen. Although arrested after the war, Gunther was released in 1948 and the company remained in the family after his death. \u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/128172/file/239822#t=780.0,810.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/128172/file/239822/annotation_set/1319/annotation/281","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe \u003cem\u003eMagen David\u003c/em\u003e [Hebrew: Shield of David], or as it is more commonly known, the Star of David, is the symbol most commonly associated with Judaism today. During the Holocaust, the symbol was used by the Nazis to identify and isolate Jews. In September 1941, Joseph Goebbels, the Nazi Propaganda Minister, issued a law requiring Jews over the age of six to wear a yellow Jewish star, or Magen David, on their outer garments. The star had the word “Jude” [German: Jew] written on it. The German government’s policy of forcing Jews to wear identifying badges was but one of many psychological tactics aimed at isolating and dehumanizing the Jews of Europe, directly marking them as being different (i.e., inferior) to everyone else. It allowed for the easier facilitation of their separation from society and subsequent ghettoization, which ultimately led to their deportation and murder. Those who failed or refused to wear the badge risked severe punishment, including death.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/128172/file/239822#t=810.0,840.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/128172/file/239822/annotation_set/1319/annotation/282","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe \u003cem\u003eSturmabteilung\u003c/em\u003e, also known as the “Storm Troopers,” “Brown Shirts,” or “SA,” was the paramilitary of the Nazi Party commanded by Ernst Röhm and responsible for helping Adolf Hitler rise to power in Germany in the 1920s and early 1930s. By 1934, tensions within the party saw Heinrich Himmler and the SS (\u003cem\u003eSchutzstaffel\u003c/em\u003e) replace Röhm and the \u003cem\u003eSturmabteilung\u003c/em\u003e’s position as the dominant organization within the Nazi Party. The SS or \u003cem\u003eSchutzstaffel\u003c/em\u003e began at the end of 1920 as a small, permanent guard unit known as the “\u003cem\u003eSaal-Schutz\u003c/em\u003e” made up of Nazi Party volunteers to provide security for party meetings in Munich. Later, in 1925, Heinrich Himmler joined the unit, which had been reformed and renamed the “\u003cem\u003eSchutz-Staffel\u003c/em\u003e.” Under Himmler’s leadership, it grew from a small paramilitary formation to one of the largest and most powerful organizations in the Third Reich. It was responsible for many of the crimes against humanity during World War II. Among other activities, black-shirted SS men served as guards at labor and concentration camps.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/128172/file/239822#t=840.0,870.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/128172/file/239822/annotation_set/1319/annotation/283","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eGestapo\u003c/em\u003e is an abbreviation of \u003cem\u003eGeheime Staatspolizei\u003c/em\u003e, which means “Secret State Police.” It was established in 1934 and placed under Heinrich Himmler. With virtually unlimited powers, it was highly feared. The \u003cem\u003eGestapo\u003c/em\u003e acted to oppress other opponents of the Nazis, including rounding up Jews for deportation to extermination camps.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/128172/file/239822#t=840.0,870.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/128172/file/239822/annotation_set/1319/annotation/284","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eAccording to documentation from the Arolsen Archive, Walter and his mother were arrested on February 27, 1943. At the beginning of 1943, 35,000 Jews were still living in Berlin, Germany. Most were forced laborers working in armament plants. On February 27, 1943, more than ten thousand Jewish men and women in Berlin were rounded up from their workplaces in what was called the Grosse Fabrikaktion [German: Large Factory Action]. This large-scale raid marked the beginning of the final phase of mass deportations that had begun in October 1941. For the next week, as more and more Jews were rounded up, they were held in makeshift assembly points throughout the city, including the Clou Concert Hall and a Jewish retirement home on Grosse Hamburger Strasse. With the exception of men in mixed marriages who were released from the was the Jewish Community Center on Rosenstrasse after their wives staged a protest, all of the Jews were deported, most to Auschwitz-Birkenau.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/128172/file/239822#t=900.0,930.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/128172/file/239822/annotation_set/1319/annotation/285","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe \u003cem\u003eSS St. Louis\u003c/em\u003e was a German ocean liner most notable for a single voyage which began on May 13, 1939, in which her captain, Gustav Schröder, tried to find homes for 936 German-Jewish refugees, after they were denied entry to Cuba (even though they had valid visas), the United States and Canada. The ship with its Jewish refugees was forced to return to Europe where the passengers were admitted to France, Belgium, the Netherlands and the United Kingdom. The 288 passengers who were accepted by the United Kingdom survived. Of the 620 who were returned to continental Europe, the United States Holocaust Memorial Museum estimates that the Germans murdered 254.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/128172/file/239822#t=960.0,990.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/128172/file/239822/annotation_set/1319/annotation/286","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eIn January 1933 there were approximately 525,000 Jews in Germany, less than one percent of the entire population. The majority of Jews in Germany lived in urban areas. Berlin had the largest Jewish population (about 160,000), which represented less than four percent of the city’s entire population. Other large Jewish population centers were Frankfurt am Main (about 26,000), Breslau (about 20,000), Hamburg (about 17,000), Cologne (about 15,000), Hannover (about 13,000), and Leipzig (about 12,000). Approximately 304,000 German Jews emigrated during the first six years of the Nazi dictatorship. Only about 202,000 Jews remained in Germany by the end of 1939. By October 1941, when Jewish emigration was officially forbidden and deportations began, the number of Jews in Germany had declined to 163,000. By June 1943, Berlin had been declared Judenrein [German: free of Jews]. It is estimated that between 160,000 and 180,000 German Jews were murdered in the Holocaust. In May 1945, only 8,000 Jews remained in Berlin—all of whom had either survived in hiding or were married to non-Jews. These German Jews were soon joined by a flood of displaced Jews from all over Europe who had been liberated in Germany or feared returning to their homes. Most soon immigrated, however, and by 1950, Germany’s Jewish population was just 37,000. The Jewish community in West Germany stagnated and then declined steadily until 1989. When the Berlin Wall fell, the Jews of West and East Berlin were unified into one community that was soon joined by approximately 80,000 immigrants from the former Soviet Union. As of 2023, the German Jewish community has 118,000 members. It is the fourth largest in Western Europe and the eight largest in the world. The largest Jewish community in Germany is in Berlin (10,000), followed by Munich (9,500), and Frankfurt (7,000). \u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/128172/file/239822#t=990.0,1020.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/128172/file/239822/annotation_set/1319/annotation/287","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eGleiwitz [Polish: Gliwice] was a German city in 1939. Today, it is a city in southern Poland called “Gliwice.” From March 1944 until January 1945, Gleiwitz was the location of four Auschwitz-Birkenau subcamps, where prisoners worked in mining and industrial companies and railroad repair. As the Soviet Army advanced east, all four camps were evacuated beginning around January 18, 1945. Prisoners were sent on death marches toward the interior of the German Reich. The majority of the marches headed towards the Blechhammer concentration camp. From there, prisoners were sent to Gross-Rosen and then on to Buchenwald, Sachsenhausen and other concentration camps in Germany.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/128172/file/239822#t=1050.0,1080.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/128172/file/239822/annotation_set/1319/annotation/288","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eSouthern Baptists are a Christian denomination based in the United States. The denomination was founded in Augusta, Georgia in 1845 and has grown to be the largest Baptist denomination in the world. It is also the largest Protestant and second-largest Christian denomination in the United States.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/128172/file/239822#t=1080.0,1110.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/128172/file/239822/annotation_set/1319/annotation/289","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe\u003cem\u003e Volkssturm\u003c/em\u003e [German: people's storm or assault] was established in Germany by the Nazis in the last months of World War II. Old men and young teenage boys previously considered unfit for military service were recruited to defend German cities from the advancing Allies. German women and girls were also conscripted into the auxiliaries of the \u003cem\u003eVolkssturm\u003c/em\u003e. Some \u003cem\u003eVolkssturm \u003c/em\u003ewere used as labor forces while some were armed, but received only very basic military training. Estimates of how many \u003cem\u003eVolkssturm\u003c/em\u003e participated in battles vary from 650,000 to one million, but most estimates put their casualties at 75 percent.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/128172/file/239822#t=1230.0,1260.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/128172/file/239822/annotation_set/1319/annotation/290","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eDuring World War II, a number of German physicians conducted medical experiments on concentration camp prisoners. They performed these studies without the consent of the victims, who suffered indescribable pain, mutilation, permanent disability, or, in many cases, death as a result. The unethical experiments carried out may be divided into three categories. One category consists of experiments aimed at facilitating the survival of Axis military personnel. In the second category, experiments were aimed at developing and testing treatment methods, including pharmaceuticals, for injuries or illnesses encountered in the field by German military personnel. The third category sought to advance the racial and ideological tenets of the Nazi Party’s worldview. Josef Mengele’s experiments at Auschwitz-Birkenau are perhaps the most infamous example of such experiments. The most notorious experiments involved freezing, high altitude, poison, tuberculosis, transplants, sterilization, artificial insemination, seawater, and experiments on twins. At Sachsenhausen, around 40 different types of experiments were conducted, including sterilizations, castrations, experiments with hepatitis, inserting infections material into incisions of the muscle, phosphorous and other toxins on the human body.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/128172/file/239822#t=1410.0,1440.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/128172/file/239822/annotation_set/1319/annotation/291","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe word swastika comes from the Sanskrit \u003cem\u003esvastika\u003c/em\u003e, which means “good fortune” or “well-being” It first appears to have been used in Eurasia, as early as 7000 years ago. The symbol experienced a resurgence in the 19th century due to growing interest in Europe for the ancient civilizations of Near East and India. The symbol was later taken up by racist groups as a symbol of “Aryan identity” and German nationalist pride. The Nazi Party was not the only party to use the symbol in Germany. The swastika has become associated with the idea of a racially “pure” state.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/128172/file/239822#t=1440.0,1470.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/128172/file/239822/annotation_set/1319/annotation/292","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe Vatican, or Vatican City, is a landlocked independent country, city-state, microstate, and enclave within Rome, Italy. It is the smallest state in the world by area and population and is ruled by the Pope, who is the bishop of Rome and the head of the Catholic Church. The Vatican Apostolic Archive, formerly known as the Vatican Secret Archive, is the central repository in Vatican City. The archive houses all acts disseminated by the Holy See, state papers, correspondence, account books, and other documents that date as far back as 809 CE. Within the archive’s holdings are documents related to some of the most controversial historical events, including the papers of Pius XII, who was pope during the Nazi era. The archive had been closed to the public until the late 19th century. It remains closed to the general public. However, researchers who are prequalified by the archive are given scheduled admission. \u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/128172/file/239822#t=1470.0,1500.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/128172/file/239822/annotation_set/1319/annotation/293","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eIn much of Europe in the Middle Ages, Jews were denied citizenship, could not own land, and were barred from many professions. Jews were tolerated in some areas, but remained subject to persecution, accusations of blood libel, occasional massacres and pogroms, as well as expulsion. The end of the Middle Ages brought little change in Jews’ positions in Europe until emancipation in the late 18th and 19th centuries. \u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/128172/file/239822#t=1470.0,1500.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/128172/file/239822/annotation_set/1319/annotation/294","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eSt. Benedict Catholic Church was first established in 1987. It is located on Parsons Road in Johns Creek, a northern suburb of Atlanta, Georgia.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/128172/file/239822#t=1590.0,1620.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/128172/file/239822/annotation_set/1319/annotation/295","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eDuring the Holocaust, concentration camp prisoners received tattoos only at one location: the Auschwitz-Birkenau concentration camp complex. Tattooing was introduced at Auschwitz in the autumn of 1941 for Soviet prisoners of war. In March 1942, tattoos were used to identify prisoners at Auschwitz II (Birkenau). By the spring of 1943, the SS authorities throughout the entire Auschwitz complex adopted the practice of tattooing almost all previously registered and newly arrived prisoners, including female prisoners. Prisoners were given tattoos on their forearms of their camp serial number, which was also sewn onto their uniforms. Only prisoners selected for work were registered and given serial numbers; those that were sent directly to the gas chambers were not registered or given tattoos. The biggest group of those deported to Auschwitz-Birkenau was Jews from more than 20 European countries. Until 1944, both Jewish men and women were ascribed with numbers from general series. In May 1944, the camp authorities decided to distinguish all Jewish prisoners with a separate system of numbered series. An assumption was to start the Jewish women and men series with subsequent letters of the alphabet. In such a system, from May 1944 until the end of the camp's functioning, there were: 20,000 numbers with a letter \"A\" issued to male Jewish prisoners; 15,000 numbers with a letter \"B\" issued to male Jewish prisoners; 30,000 numbers with a letter \"A\" issued to female Jewish prisoners.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/128172/file/239822#t=1590.0,1620.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/128172/file/239822/annotation_set/1319/annotation/296","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe cantor is the official in charge of music or chants and leads liturgical prayer and chanting in the synagogue.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/128172/file/239822#t=1740.0,1770.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/128172/file/239822/annotation_set/1319/annotation/297","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe \u003cem\u003eSS Marine Flasher\u003c/em\u003e was an American freighter-passenger ship built for the U.S. Maritime Commission and launched in May 1945. From early 1946 through 1948, she was chartered to the United States Lines as a passenger ship. On May 20, 1946, the \u003cem\u003eMarine Flasher\u003c/em\u003e was the first ship to arrive in the United States with refugees who had received visas under the Truman Directive. Walter arrived in New York City aboard the\u003cem\u003e Marine Flasher\u003c/em\u003e just a few weeks later on June 18, 1946.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/128172/file/239822#t=1770.0,1800.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/128172/file/239822/annotation_set/1319/annotation/298","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eNazi leaders began to make good on their pledge to persecute German Jews soon after their assumption of power. During the first six years of Hitler’s dictatorship, from 1933 until the outbreak of war in 1939, Jews felt the effects of more than 400 decrees and regulations that restricted all aspects of their public and private lives. On March 9, 1933, several weeks after Hitler assumed power, organized attacks on Jews broke out across Germany. On April 1, 1933, a general boycott against German Jews was declared, in which SA members stood outside Jewish-owned stores and businesses in order to prevent customers from entering. Approximately one week later, a law concerning the rehabilitation of the professional civil service was passed. The purpose of the legislation was to purge the civil service of officials of Jewish origin and those deemed disloyal to the regime. It was the first racial law that attempted to isolate Jews and oust them from German life. The first laws banished Jews from the civil service, judicial system, public medicine, and the German army (then being reorganized). Ceremonial public book burnings took place throughout Germany. Many books were torched solely because their authors were Jews. The exclusion of Jews from German cultural life was highly visible, ousting their considerable contribution to the German press, literature, theater, and music. In September 1935, the “Nuremberg Laws” were passed, stripping the Jews of their citizenship and forbidding intermarriage between Jews and non-Jews. Jews were banned from universities; Jewish actors were dismissed from theaters; publishers rejected Jewish authors’ works; and Jewish journalists were hard-pressed to find newspapers that would publish their writings. Discrimination impacted the daily lives of German Jews even before they were stripped of their citizenship and restricted their relationships with so called “Aryan” Germans. Increasingly restrictive decrees targeted Jews at all levels of society. Many cities and towns banned Jews from entering certain streets, squares, parks, woods, and other public places, while private organizations, associations, and enterprises also excluded Jews.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/128172/file/239822#t=1830.0,1860.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/128172/file/239822/annotation_set/1319/annotation/299","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eRationing began in Germany in September 1939, when World War II began. Prior to that, however, Germans had already begun experiencing shortages as the government reduced imports and took control of food production in an effort to be self-sufficient. The Nazi government restricted the amounts of food each person received. Every four weeks, Germans received an allotted number of coupons that were given to shopkeepers or restaurants when purchases were made. Propaganda attempted to convince the Germans that enduring shortages and changing their diets was a patriotic duty. The allotment of ration coupons was, of course, inequal, with high ranking Party members receiving more than regular “Aryan” citizens. Jews received even less rations and were restricted to limited times they could make food purchases as well as access to certain stores. As the war drug on, rations were repeatedly cut and by the final year of the war, acute shortages meant even “Aryan” households faced shortages of the most basic essentials.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/128172/file/239822#t=1830.0,1860.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/128172/file/239822/annotation_set/1319/annotation/300","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eOn November 8 and 9, 1938, the Nazis started a state-sponsored nationwide pogrom. Across the country (and in Austria) Jewish synagogues, homes and businesses were looted and burned, Jews were attacked on the streets and 91 were killed. The Jews were made to pay for the damages to their premises. The pogrom was called “\u003cem\u003eKristallnacht\u003c/em\u003e,” which means “Night of Broken Glass,” because of all the damage done to Jewish shop windows. Thousands of German Jews and close to 6,000 Austrian Jews were arrested after\u003cem\u003e Kristallnacht\u003c/em\u003e and deported to the Dachau or Buchenwald concentration camps in Germany. Most were released within a few weeks, but only if they promised to immigrate immediately, leaving their property behind.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/128172/file/239822#t=1890.0,1920.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/128172/file/239822/annotation_set/1319/annotation/301","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eIt is unknown whether Walter is referring to the Sachsenhausen concentration camp located in Oranienburg, Germany or one of its more than 40 sub-camps concentrated around the armaments industries. For example, the Heinkel-Werke Oranienburg, an armaments factory in the same Berlin suburb. Established in 1935 and in existence until 1945, it used forced laborers to manufacture combat aircraft. Sachsenhausen was established as the principal concentration camp for the Berlin area in 1936. Prisoners were forced to perform hard labor. SS doctors conducted medical experiments on prisoners and a gallows, shooting gallery, and gas chamber allowed the SS to directly kill prisoners in Sachsenhausen. The number of Jewish prisoners varied over the course of the camp’s existence, but most Jewish prisoners were deported from Sachsenhausen to other concentration camps, most often Auschwitz-Birkenau. At the beginning of 1945, there were approximately 11,100 Jewish prisoners. Soviet forces liberated the camp on April 22, 1945.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/128172/file/239822#t=1950.0,1980.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/128172/file/239822/annotation_set/1319/annotation/302","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eMuhldorf [German: Mühldorf; also spelled Muehldorf] was a complex of camps hastily constructed in Mühldorf am Inn in upper Bavaria as a satellite system of the Dachau Concentration camp system. Between July 1944 and April 1945, more than 8,300 mostly Jewish prisoners (800 females and 7,500 males) passed through the camp. The camp’s purpose was to provide labor for an underground installation for the production of the Messerschmitt 262 jet fighter. Several Todt Organization work camps and foreign labor camps were already in the vicinity of Muhldorf. Prisoners were housed in two larger camps near the towns of Muhldorf and Amfing, at a forest camp, and in two smaller camps in the nearby communities of Mittergars and Thalham. In one camp, the prisoners were housed in a former clothing depot. Prisoners in the forest camps were housed in huts and barracks partially submerged in the ground. In Mittergars, the prisoners were initially housed in tents, but later in small wooden barracks. Living conditions were catastrophic and typhus raged through the camps. In the fall of 1944, SS guards deported hundreds of sick and disabled inmates to the gas chambers at Auschwitz-Birkenau. It is estimated that more than half of the prisoners in Muhldorf perished following deportation or on site from overwork, abuse, shootings, and disease.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/128172/file/239822#t=1950.0,1980.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/128172/file/239822/annotation_set/1319/annotation/303","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eCamp Ganacker in der Erlau was a satellite camp of Flossenburg concentration camp in operation from late February to April 1945. Five hundred mainly Jewish prisoners worked for the Luftwaffe, constructing runways and roads at the Ganacker military airfield in southeast Bavaria. Initially, they were housed at the airfield, but in March were moved to makeshift tents called “fin tents,” which were holes in the ground with tent roofs, in a clearing about five kilometers (three miles) from the airfield. The inadequate housing, insufficient food and a contaminated water supply caused many deaths. At least 138 prisoners died at Ganacker, 45 of whom were too weak to move and killed when the camp was evacuated. Others left behind died from malnutrition and illness before American troops liberated the camp on April 29. On April 24 or 25, 1945, the surviving prisoners were sent on a death march south toward Austria.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/128172/file/239822#t=1950.0,1980.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/128172/file/239822/annotation_set/1319/annotation/304","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eLandau, officially Landau in der Pfalz, is a town in southwestern Germany, about 12 miles (20 kilometers) from the French border. A small group of political opponents were imprisoned there from March until July 1933. It is unknown if a labor camp was later established there or if Walter means that he simply passed through the town enroute to another camp.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/128172/file/239822#t=1950.0,1980.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/128172/file/239822/annotation_set/1319/annotation/305","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eAt the end of World War II, the Allies initiated various policies intended to remove former Nazi officials from public life in Germany and Austria in a process known as denazification. At the onset of the Cold War, however, the denazification process was turned over to German authorities or ceased altogether. Many former Nazis returned to important positions and various far-right parties, known as Neo-Nazis, emerged. Neo-Nazism is a militant, social and political movement that generally promotes fascist, nationalist, white supremacist and antisemitic beliefs similar to Nazi ideology. After the fall of the Berlin Wall and reunification of Germany, neo-Nazism became more visible. Since the 1990s, it has gone through ebbs and flows, especially during periods of demographic shifts. Neo-Nazism is not exclusive to Germany and Austria; groups can be found all over the world and in the United States.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/128172/file/239822#t=1980.0,2010.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/128172/file/239822/annotation_set/1319/annotation/306","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eAs the Russian army drew near the extermination and slave labor camps in the east, the Germans sent prisoners west on marches and trains, usually back to Germany, where they were often abandoned in other camps. These marches and train rides could last for weeks, without food or water, during which time many of the prisoners died and were left along the side of the road.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/128172/file/239822#t=2070.0,2100.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/128172/file/239822/annotation_set/1319/annotation/307","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eIn late April 1945, the US Army approached the Muhldorf camps and \u003cbr\u003ethe order was given to evacuate. Some 3,600 prisoners were sent on death marches or loaded onto trains and eventually liberated along the road. Sick inmates, like Walter, were left behind and liberated by American troops in early May. The war in Europe officially ended on May 7, 1945 when German General Alfred Jodl signed an unconditional surrender to the Allies in Reims, France. The following day, Field Marshal Wilhelm Keitel officially surrendered to Soviet forces in Berlin. May 8 was celebrated by the Allies as “V-E Day,” which stands for “victory in Europe.”\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/128172/file/239822#t=2130.0,2160.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/128172/file/239822/annotation_set/1319/annotation/308","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eGeneral George Smith Patton, Jr. (1885-1945) was a United States Army general, best known for his command of the Seventh Army and later the Third Army in Europe during World War II. Patton died in December 1945 from injuries sustained in a car accident in Germany.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/128172/file/239822#t=2160.0,2190.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/128172/file/239822/annotation_set/1319/annotation/309","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003e“GI,” which stands for “Government Issue” is a nickname given to American soldiers during World War II.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/128172/file/239822#t=2160.0,2190.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/128172/file/239822/annotation_set/1319/annotation/310","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003ePope Pius XII (1939-1958) was elected to the papacy just as World War II was beginning. The Vatican was officially neutral throughout the war—even under Benito Mussolini’s Fascist rule and while Rome was later occupied by Nazi Germany. The role of Pius XII and the Catholic Church during the Holocaust has been the subject of much critical and supportive literature.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/128172/file/239822#t=2310.0,2340.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/128172/file/239822/annotation_set/1319/annotation/311","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003ePope John Paul II (1920-2005) was the first non-Italian pope since Adrian VI in the 16th century and the third longest serving pope. Born as Karol Józef Wojtyła in Wadowice, Poland. He was elected pope the second papal conclave of 1978, after Pope John Paul I died 33 days after becoming pope. John Paul II took the name to honor his processor. As pope he worked to improve the Catholic Church’s relationship with Judaism, Islam, and the Eastern Orthodox Church. \u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/128172/file/239822#t=2310.0,2340.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/128172/file/239822/annotation_set/1319/annotation/312","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eAlthough Jews were the primary victims persecuted by the Nazi party’s policies, other groups such as Jehovah’s Witnesses were also singled out. Jehovah’s Witnesses are a Christian denomination that originated in the United States in the 19th century. In 1933, there were between 25,000 and 30,000 German Jehovah’s Witnesses. Jehovah’s Witnesses were targeted by the Nazi regime because of their refusal to serve in the military or swear loyalty to the government. They also refused to raise their arms in the Heil Hitler salute, participate in Nazi rallies and parades, join the German Labor Front, and allow their children to join the Hitler Youth. Under the Nazi regime, some fled Germany, renounced their faith, or confined their worship to their family and home. An estimated 20,000 remained active. At least 3,000 Jehovah’s Witnesses from across Europe were sent to concentration camps. An estimated 1,000 German Jehovah’s Witnesses and 400 other European Jehovah’s Witnesses died in concentration camps or Nazi prisons.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/128172/file/239822#t=2340.0,2370.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/128172/file/239822/annotation_set/1319/annotation/313","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eWorld War I, also called First World War or Great War, was an international conflict that in 1914–1918 embroiled most of the nations of Europe along with Russia, the United States, the Middle East, and other regions. The war pitted the Central Powers—mainly Germany, Austria-Hungary, and Turkey—against the Allies—mainly France, Great Britain, Russia, Italy, Japan, and, from 1917, the United States. It ended with the defeat of the Central Powers.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/128172/file/239822#t=2430.0,2460.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/128172/file/239822/annotation_set/1319/annotation/314","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eWhen American troops liberated the Muhldorf camps, the many sick were sent to the main hospital in Muhldorf, makeshift facilities in Ampfing, or to a military hospital in Ecksberg.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/128172/file/239822#t=2610.0,2640.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/128172/file/239822/annotation_set/1319/annotation/315","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe American Jewish Joint Distribution Committee (commonly called “the Joint”) is a worldwide Jewish relief organization headquartered in New York. It was established in 1914. After World War II, the Joint provided desperately needed supplies and necessities to survivors inside and outside of DP camps in Eastern Europe, Hungary, Poland and Romania.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/128172/file/239822#t=2670.0,2700.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/128172/file/239822/annotation_set/1319/annotation/316","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe \u003cem\u003e20th Century Limited \u003c/em\u003ewas an express passenger train that traveled between New York City, New York and Chicago, Illinois from 1902 to 1967.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/128172/file/239822#t=2700.0,2730.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/128172/file/239822/annotation_set/1319/annotation/317","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eA ‘greenhorn’ is an inexperienced person, and oftentimes refers to newcomers who are unfamiliar with the ways of a place or group.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/128172/file/239822#t=2760.0,2790.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/128172/file/239822/annotation_set/1319/annotation/318","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe Jewish Vocational Service was founded in 1938. Its mission was to provide support, skills training, and job placement services. In 1997, it merged with Jewish Family Services to become Jewish Family \u0026amp; Career Services.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/128172/file/239822#t=2820.0,2850.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/128172/file/239822/annotation_set/1319/annotation/319","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eMichael Reese was German-born Jewish immigrant who became a wealthy real estate developer. After his death in 1877, his will provided funds to rebuild a hospital lost in the Great Chicago Fire of 1871. The \u003cbr\u003eMichael Reese Hospital opened its doors in 1881. It continued to grow and became a major research and teaching hospital. However, by the 1990s, the hospital was struggling financially and closed in 2008. \u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/128172/file/239822#t=2850.0,2880.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/128172/file/239822/annotation_set/1319/annotation/320","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eGrand Central Station was a passenger railroad terminal in downtown Chicago, Illinois from 1890 to 1969.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/128172/file/239822#t=3030.0,3060.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/128172/file/239822/annotation_set/1319/annotation/321","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe Zahn Drug Company was a wholesale pharmaceutical business that was begun in 1931 in Chicago, Illinois by German-born Louis Zahn (1909-1977). It became one of the largest pharmaceutical suppliers in the Midwest. In 1963, the company moved its facility to Melrose Park, Illinois. In 1988, it was acquired by FoxMeyer \u003cbr\u003eDrug Co\u003cbr\u003e.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/128172/file/239822#t=3330.0,3360.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/128172/file/239822/annotation_set/1319/annotation/322","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe Green Mill Cocktail Lounge (or Green Mill Jazz Club) is an entertainment venue in the Uptown neighborhood of Chicago, Illinois at the corner of Broadway and Lawrence Streets. Originally opened in 1935, it continues to be a popular fixture of Chicago’s nightlife.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/128172/file/239822#t=3420.0,3450.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/128172/file/239822/annotation_set/1319/annotation/323","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe John H. Stroger Jr. Hospital of Cook County (formerly Cook County Hospital) is a public hospital in Chicago, Illinois that was founded in 1832 as a teaching hospital. \u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/128172/file/239822#t=3570.0,3600.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/128172/file/239822/annotation_set/1319/annotation/324","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eGrady Memorial Hospital is the largest hospital in Georgia, and the fifth-largest public hospital in the United States. It is considered one of premier public hospitals in the Southeast. The 961-bed hospital was founded in 1890.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/128172/file/239822#t=3570.0,3600.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/128172/file/239822/annotation_set/1319/annotation/325","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eShul\u003c/em\u003e is a Yiddish word for synagogue that is derived from a German word meaning “school,” and emphasizes the synagogue's role as a place of study.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/128172/file/239822#t=3690.0,3720.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/128172/file/239822/annotation_set/1319/annotation/326","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eMen’s Warehouse is an American retail chain. Founded in 1973 by George Zimmer, at one point, it was one of the largest menswear chains in the country.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/128172/file/239822#t=3780.0,3810.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/128172/file/239822/annotation_set/1319/annotation/327","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eHoliday Cinerama was a theater in the Bismark Hotel, which was founded in 1926 in Chicago, Illinois.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/128172/file/239822#t=3840.0,3870.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/128172/file/239822/annotation_set/1319/annotation/328","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eTemple Sholom is a Reform Jewish congregation in Chicago, Illinois. Founded in 1867, it is one of the oldest and largest congregations in Chicago.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/128172/file/239822#t=3870.0,3900.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/128172/file/239822/annotation_set/1319/annotation/329","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eAnshe Emet Synagogue is a Conservative Jewish congregation in Chicago, Illinois that was established in 1873.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/128172/file/239822#t=3870.0,3900.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/128172/file/239822/annotation_set/1319/annotation/330","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eEmanuel Congregation is a Reform Jewish congregation in Chicago, Illinois founded in 1880.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/128172/file/239822#t=3870.0,3900.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/128172/file/239822/annotation_set/1319/annotation/331","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eNorthwestern University is a private research university in Evanston, Illinois established in 1851.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/128172/file/239822#t=3960.0,3990.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/128172/file/239822/annotation_set/1319/annotation/332","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eChiang Kai-shek (1887-1975) was a Chinese political and military leader who served as the leader of the Republic of China between 1938 and 1949, and then, after the Communist Party in mainland China defeated his Nationalist Party, led the government in Taiwan from 1949 to 1975.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/128172/file/239822#t=4140.0,4170.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/128172/file/239822/annotation_set/1319/annotation/333","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eCirrhosis of the liver is the permanent scarring of the liver and interferes with its functioning.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/128172/file/239822#t=4170.0,4200.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/128172/file/239822/annotation_set/1319/annotation/334","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe University of Evansville is a private university in Evansville, Indiana founded in 1854. \u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/128172/file/239822#t=4290.0,4320.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/128172/file/239822/annotation_set/1319/annotation/335","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe University of Chicago is a private research university in Chicago, Illinois that was founded in 1890.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/128172/file/239822#t=4290.0,4320.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/128172/file/239822/annotation_set/1319/annotation/336","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eRosehill Cemetery is Chicago, Illinois' largest and oldest cemetery dating back to 1859 and contains at least 200,000 grave sites in a 350-acre garden setting.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/128172/file/239822#t=4350.0,4380.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/128172/file/239822/annotation_set/1319/annotation/337","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eRichard Joseph Daley (1902-1976) was an American politician who served as the mayor of Chicago from 1955, and the chairman of the Cook County Democratic Party Central Committee from 1953, until his death. \u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/128172/file/239822#t=4440.0,4470.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/128172/file/239822/annotation_set/1319/annotation/338","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eRichard Michael Daley (1942—) is an American politician who served as the 54th mayor of Chicago, Illinois, from 1989 to 2011. A Democrat, Daley was elected mayor in 1989 and was reelected five times until declining to run for a seventh term. He is the son of former Chicago mayor Richard J. Daley.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/128172/file/239822#t=4440.0,4470.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/128172/file/239822/annotation_set/1319/annotation/339","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eHarold Lee Washington (1922-1987) was an American lawyer and politician who was the 51st Mayor of Chicago. Washington became the first African American to be elected as the city's mayor in 1983. He served as mayor from April 29, 1983 until his death.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/128172/file/239822#t=4440.0,4470.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/128172/file/239822/annotation_set/1319/annotation/340","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eLincoln Square on the North Side of Chicago, Illinois, is one of the city's 77 community areas. Lincoln Square's history dates back to the 1850s and 1860s, when farmers settled what was prairie and farmland at the time. In the early 1900s, it experienced major growth that was spurred by the installation of electric streetcars along its main thoroughfares and by the opening of the elevated train line in 1907. Throughout the years, Lincoln Square has been settled by many immigrants from Germany, Greece, Eastern Europe and Mexico.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/128172/file/239822#t=4470.0,4500.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/128172/file/239822/annotation_set/1319/annotation/341","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eDr. Louis Binstock (died 1974) was the rabbi of Temple Sholom in Chicago, Illinois from 1936 to 1973.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/128172/file/239822#t=4620.0,4650.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/128172/file/239822/annotation_set/1319/annotation/342","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe Temple, or “Hebrew Benevolent Congregation,” is Atlanta’s oldest Jewish congregation. The cornerstone was laid on the Temple on Garnett Street in 1875. The dedication was held in 1877 and the Temple was located there until 1902. The Temple’s next location on Pryor Street was dedicated in 1902. The Temple’s current location in Midtown on Peachtree Street was dedicated in 1931. \u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/128172/file/239822#t=4650.0,4680.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/128172/file/239822/annotation_set/1319/annotation/343","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eDrake University is a private university in Des Moines, Iowa.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/128172/file/239822#t=4800.0,4830.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/128172/file/239822/annotation_set/1319/annotation/344","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eHope College is a private Christian liberal arts college in Holland, Michigan that opened in 1851.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/128172/file/239822#t=4800.0,4830.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/128172/file/239822/annotation_set/1319/annotation/345","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe University of Evansville operates a satellite center for students studying abroad at Harlaxton College, a Victorian manor house in Grantham, England.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/128172/file/239822#t=4830.0,4860.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/128172/file/239822/annotation_set/1319/annotation/346","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe Pacific Theatre was where a series of battles during World War II took place. Geographically, it was a large area that included the Pacific Ocean and Asia. World War II had two primary theatres: The European Theatre and the Pacific Theatre.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/128172/file/239822#t=4860.0,4890.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/128172/file/239822/annotation_set/1319/annotation/347","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe Vietnam War occurred in Vietnam, Laos, and Cambodia from November 1, 1955 to the fall of Saigon on April 30, 1975. This war fought between North Vietnam—supported by the Soviet Union, China and other communist allies—and the government of South Vietnam—supported by the United States and other anti-communist allies.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/128172/file/239822#t=5040.0,5070.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/128172/file/239822/annotation_set/1319/annotation/348","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eArthritis means inflammation or swelling of one or more joints.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/128172/file/239822#t=5280.0,5310.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/128172/file/239822/annotation_set/1319/annotation/349","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eOsteoporosis is a disease that weakens your bones and can lead to fractures.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/128172/file/239822#t=5280.0,5310.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/128172/file/239822/annotation_set/1319/annotation/350","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eSocial Security is a social insurance program consist of retirement, disability, and survivor benefits. It was found in 1935 during President Franklin D. Roosevelt’s administration.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/128172/file/239822#t=5730.0,5760.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/128172/file/239822/annotation_set/1319/annotation/351","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eBetween 1945 and 1947, the Allied governments enacted various legislation dealing with reparations to be paid to the victims of Nazi oppression. The Jewish Agency presented the first official claim to the Allied governments in September 1945. The Conference on Jewish Material Claims Against Germany (Claims Conference) was established in October 1951 to help with individual claims against Germany arising from the Holocaust. The Claims Conference initially recovered $100 million from West Germany, with direct compensation to Holocaust survivors paid in installments. In 1952, the government of West Germany reached an agreement with the state of Israel and the Conference on Jewish Material Claims Against Germany to pay reparations for material losses and injuries incurred during the Holocaust. Three separate German laws, known as the West German Federal Indemnification Laws, were adopted in 1953, 1956, and 1965. They further provided for compensation in the form of one-time payments and monthly pensions to Holocaust survivors. In the years since, other agreements for reparations have also been reached.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/128172/file/239822#t=5820.0,5850.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/128172/file/239822/annotation_set/1319/annotation/352","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003e“Gypsy” is a racial slur often used to refer to Roma, an ethnic group that originated in northern India but live worldwide today, principally in Europe. This minority is made up of distinct groups called “tribes” or “nations” and includes the Roma, Sinti and Lalleri family groupings. They were called “Gypsies” because Europeans mistakenly believed they came from Egypt. As a traditionally nomadic group, Roma have often been viewed as outsiders. For centuries, Roma were scorned and persecuted across Europe. Among the groups the Nazi regime singled out for persecution on so-called racial grounds were the Roma, Sinti, and Lalleri, whose fate was parallel to that of the Jews. It is estimated that at least 250,000, but possibly as many as 500,000 European Roma were killed during World War II.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/128172/file/239822#t=5940.0,5970.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/128172/file/239822/annotation_set/1319/annotation/353","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eVolksdeutsche\u003c/em\u003e [German: German folk] was a Nazi term used to refer to ethnic Germans (people whose language and culture had German origins) living outside of Germany or Austria.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/128172/file/239822#t=5970.0,6000.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/128172/file/239822/annotation_set/1319/annotation/354","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eJerry Laymon Falwell Sr. (1933-2007) was an American Baptist pastor, televangelist, and conservative activist. He was the founding pastor of the Thomas Road Baptist Church, a megachurch in Lynchburg, Virginia. Falwell also founded evangelical college Liberty University, Lynchburg Christian Academy, and cofounded the Moral Majority, a political organization associated with the Christian right and the Republican Party.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/128172/file/239822#t=6180.0,6210.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/128172/file/239822/annotation_set/1319/annotation/355","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eMarion Gordon \"Pat\" Robertson (1930-2023) was an American Baptist pastor, televangelist, and conservative activist. He founded the Christian Broadcasting Network, which held frequent telethons, and hosted The 700 Club, which drew controversy for comments that were often seen as anti-gay and racially insensitive. Robertson also founded the Christian Coalition, a college now known as Regent University, and unsuccessfully ran for the Republican presidential nomination in 1988.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/128172/file/239822#t=6210.0,6240.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/128172/file/239822/annotation_set/1319/annotation/356","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eGeorge Herbert Walker Bush (1924-2018) was the 41st President of the United States (1989-1993). He was a Republican.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/128172/file/239822#t=6270.0,6300.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/128172/file/239822/annotation_set/1319/annotation/357","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eKrupp AG, is a former German corporation that was one of the world's principal steelmakers and arms manufacturers until the end of World War II. Alfried Krupp von Bohlen und Halbach (1907-1967) was a German industrialist, who took over his family’s prominent 400-year-old German manufacturing dynasty in 1943. Under Alfried’s leadership, the \u003cbr\u003eKrupp firm took over facilities throughout German-occupied eastern Europe and made extensive use of forced labor. Krupp officials forced over 100,000 people, including 70,000 foreign civilians, approximately 23,000 prisoners of war, approximately 5,000 concentration camp prisoners, and even children, to work in its plants. The workers endured dangerous and abusive working conditions, heavy physical labor,  malnutrition, no protection from air raids, and inadequate clothing. After the war, Alfried and 11 other Krupp employees were tried for war crimes and crimes against humanity. All but one were found guilty and sentenced to prison terms that were mostly commuted. Alfried was sentenced to forfeit all of his property and serve 12 years in prison, however, this sentence was commuted in 1950. In 1999, the company merged with rival firm Thyssen AG and is now known as ThyssenKrupp.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/128172/file/239822#t=6630.0,6660.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/128172/file/239822/annotation_set/1319/annotation/358","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eRalph Nader (1934— ) is an American lawyer, author, and consumer advocate who was a four-time candidate for the U.S. presidency (1996, 2000, 2004, and 2008).\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/128172/file/239822#t=6660.0,6690.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/128172/file/239822/annotation_set/1319/annotation/359","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eIn the United States, an HMO (Health Maintenance Organization) is a type of health insurance plan that usually limits coverage to care from doctors who work for or contract with the HMO. \u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/128172/file/239822#t=6750.0,6780.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/128172/file/239822/annotation_set/1319/annotation/360","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe Dixiecrats were members of the States’ Rights Democratic Party, which splintered from the Democratic Party in the 1948 presidential election. The States' Rights Democratic Party was a short-lived segregationist political party that was active primarily in the South. It objected to federal interference in state’s rights and the civil rights program of the Democratic Party. The Dixiecrats chose South Carolina’s governor, Strom Thurmond, for president and Fielding L. Wright, governor of Mississippi, for vice president. Support for the candidates was negligible and the party dissolved after the 1948 election.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/128172/file/239822#t=6870.0,6900.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/128172/file/239822/annotation_set/1319/annotation/361","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eGeisha, also known as geiko or geigi, are a professional class of women in Japan who are trained in traditional Japanese performing arts styles, such as dance, music and singing, as well as being proficient conversationalists and hosts. Geisha traditionally entertain men.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/128172/file/239822#t=7080.0,7110.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/128172/file/239822/annotation_set/1319/annotation/362","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eHans Rosenthal (1925-1987) was a German radio editor, director, and one of the most popular German radio and television hosts of the 1970s and 1980s. Rosenthal was from a Jewish family in Berlin and survived the Holocaust in hiding.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/128172/file/239822#t=7200.0,7230.0"}]},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/128172/file/239822/index/83292","type":"AnnotationPage","label":{"en":["Winters, Walter [Index]"]},"items":[{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/128172/file/239822/index/83292/annotation/363","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Family and Background","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Title"]}}],"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/128172/file/239822#t=8.0,597.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/128172/file/239822/index/83292/annotation/364","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Walter introduces his family. He discusses the economic and political situation in Germany in the 1930s. He talks about attending synagogue. Walter states why his political preferences are so strong. He expresses his frustration at the continued existence of German companies who collaborated with the Nazis and at the reunification of Germany.","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Synopsis"]}}],"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/128172/file/239822#t=8.0,597.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/128172/file/239822/index/83292/annotation/365","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"My name is Walter Winters.","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Partial Transcript"]}}],"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/128172/file/239822#t=8.0,597.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/128172/file/239822/index/83292/annotation/366","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Adolf Hitler","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Agfa","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Albert Arnold Gore Jr.","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Anti-Jewish laws","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Antisemitism—prewar","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Atlanta, Georgia","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Auschwitz I","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Auschwitz II","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Auschwitz III","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Auschwitz-Birkenau","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Bar mitzvah","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"BASF","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Bayer","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Berlin Wall","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Berlin, Germany","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Birkenau","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Bitburg Controversy","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Bitburg, West Germany","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Buna","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Collaborators","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Communism","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Communist Party","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Concentration Camp","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Concentration camp inmates","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Concentration camps – Sociological aspects","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Democratic Party","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Edith Bogen Winter","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Eliezer Elie Wiesel","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Extermination camp","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Extermination camp (Auschwitz)","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Family","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Forced labor","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Franklin Delano Roosevelt","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Gas chambers","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Gentile","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Georg Winter","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"German Economy","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"German industry","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Germany","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Great Depression","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Henry Morgenthau, Jr.","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Hillary Rodham Clinton","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Hoescht Celanese Holocaust","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Holocaust survivors","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Holocaust, Jewish (1939-1945)","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Homeless","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"IG Farben","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Jewish","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Jewish business","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Jewish Property","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Jewish – Religious life and customs","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Jewish – Traditions","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Jewish — education","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Jews—Germany","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Judaism","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Kolmeshohe Military Cemetery","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Los Angeles, California","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Mary Elizabeth Tipper Gore","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Monowitz","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Morgenthau Plan","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Nazi Party","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Neau Synagogue","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"New Synagogue","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Non-Jewish—Germany","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Nuremberg Laws","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Orthodox Judaism","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Payess","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Photograph","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Privileged Jews","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Rabbi","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Republican Party","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Ronald Wilson Reagan","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Sanofi","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Slave labor","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Social Democrat Party","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Socialism","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"United States","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"USSR","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Walter Kenneth Winters","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Werner Klaus Winter","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"William Bill Jefferson Clinton","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"World War II","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"World War, 1939-1945","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Yerba Mate Tea","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}}],"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/128172/file/239822#t=8.0,597.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/128172/file/239822/index/83292/annotation/367","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Life Under the Nazis","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Title"]}}],"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/128172/file/239822#t=597.0,1133.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/128172/file/239822/index/83292/annotation/368","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Walter remembers when Jewish schools were closed and Jews were used as forced laborers. He talks about the sabotage he engaged in while working in a parachute factory. He recalls how his father was arrested and his mother was harassed. He describes when he and his mother were arrested and sent to Auschwitz-Birkenau. Walter laments the lack of international support for Jews trying to leave Germany, and the lack of resistance to the Nazis.","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Synopsis"]}}],"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/128172/file/239822#t=597.0,1133.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/128172/file/239822/index/83292/annotation/369","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I was a little child.","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Partial Transcript"]}}],"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/128172/file/239822#t=597.0,1133.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/128172/file/239822/index/83292/annotation/370","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Adolf Hitler","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Aid by non-Jews","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Anti-Jewish laws","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Arrest","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Auschwitz I","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Auschwitz II","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Auschwitz III","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Auschwitz-Birkenau","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Bavarian Motor Works","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Bayerische Motoren Werke","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Berlin, Germany","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Berlin’s Boys School of the Jewish Community","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Birkenau","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"BMW","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Brown Shirts","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Buna","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Cattle cars","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Collaborators","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Communist Party","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Concentration Camp","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Concentration camp inmates","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Concentration camps – Sociological aspects","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Crematory","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Cuba","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Death march","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Deportation","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Edith Bogen Winter","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Extermination camp","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Flossenburg","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Forced labor","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Franklin Delano Roosevelt","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Geheime Staatspolizei","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Georg Winter","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"German Jewish Community","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"German Jews","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Gestapo","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Gleiwitz","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Grosse Fabrikaktion","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Grosse Hamburger Strasse","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Holocaust survivors","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Holocaust, Jewish (1939-1945)","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Israel","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"J. A. Topf \u0026 Söhne","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"J. A. Topf and Sons","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"J. A. Topf und Söhne","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Jewish school","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Jewish — education","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Jews—Germany","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Jude","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Jüdische Oberschule der Jüdische Gemeinde","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Large Factory Action","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Magen David","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Mercedes-Benz","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Monowitz","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Nazi Party","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Non-Jewish—Germany","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Persecution","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Resistance","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"SA","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Sabotage","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Schutzstaffel","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Siemens","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Slave labor","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Southern Baptist","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Spinnstofffabrik Zehlendorf AG","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"SS","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Star of David","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Storm Trooper","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Sturmabteilung","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"train","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"United States","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Volkwagen","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Walter Kenneth Winters","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Werner Klaus Winter","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"World War II","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"World War, 1939-1945","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"World War, 1939-1945—Refugees","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Yellow star","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Yiddish","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Zyklon B","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}}],"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/128172/file/239822#t=597.0,1133.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/128172/file/239822/index/83292/annotation/371","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Life in the Camps","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Title"]}}],"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/128172/file/239822#t=1133.0,1822.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/128172/file/239822/index/83292/annotation/372","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Walter talks about his experiences in different concentration camps. Walter remembers a German civilian foreman who tried to help him and was later killed. He remembers guards and medical experiments in the camps. Walter considers the culpability of the Church in the persecution of Jews. Walter explains his recuperation and emigration after the war.","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Synopsis"]}}],"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/128172/file/239822#t=1133.0,1822.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/128172/file/239822/index/83292/annotation/373","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I always wanted to survive. I worked for IG Farben. Actually, I tell you what I think saved my life now.","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Partial Transcript"]}}],"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/128172/file/239822#t=1133.0,1822.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/128172/file/239822/index/83292/annotation/374","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Aid by non-Jews","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Subjects"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Antisemitism—prewar","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Subjects"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Atlanta, Georgia","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Subjects"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Auschwitz I","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Subjects"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Auschwitz II","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Subjects"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Auschwitz III","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Subjects"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Auschwitz-Birkenau","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Subjects"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Berlin, Germany","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Subjects"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Birkenau","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Subjects"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Buna","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Subjects"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Cantor","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Subjects"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Catholic church","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Subjects"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Chicago, Illinois","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Subjects"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Christianity","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Subjects"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Collaborators","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Subjects"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Communists","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Subjects"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Concentration camp","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Subjects"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Concentration camp inmates","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Subjects"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Concentration camp inmates – Escapes","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Subjects"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Concentration camps – Sociological aspects","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Subjects"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"conscription","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Subjects"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Draft","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Subjects"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Eastern Front","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Subjects"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Extermination camp","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Subjects"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Faith","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Subjects"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Family","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Subjects"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Forced labor","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Subjects"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Friendships","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Subjects"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Gentile","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Subjects"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"German civilian","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Subjects"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Grandchildren","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Subjects"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Guards","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Subjects"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Hebrew","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Subjects"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Holocaust survivors","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Subjects"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Holocaust, Jewish (1939-1945)","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Subjects"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"IG Farben","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Subjects"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Immigration","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Subjects"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Jewish","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Subjects"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Jews—Germany","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Subjects"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Max","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Subjects"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Medical experiments","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Subjects"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Middle Ages","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Subjects"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Monowitz","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Subjects"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Nazi Party","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Subjects"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"neighbor","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Subjects"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Non-Jewish—Germany","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Subjects"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Old Testament","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Subjects"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Persecution","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Subjects"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Postwar effects","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Subjects"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Postwar experiences","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Subjects"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Prisoner number","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Subjects"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Red Army","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Subjects"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Religion","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Subjects"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Religious beliefs","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Subjects"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Resistance","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Subjects"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Rome, Italy","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Subjects"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Russian Army","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Subjects"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Slave labor","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Subjects"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Soviet","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Subjects"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"SS Marine Flasher","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Subjects"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"St. Benedict Catholic Church","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Subjects"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Starvation","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Subjects"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Survival","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Subjects"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Survivor","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Subjects"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Swastika","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Subjects"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Synagogue","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Subjects"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Tattoo","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Subjects"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"United States","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Subjects"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"USSR","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Subjects"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Vatican","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Subjects"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Vatican Apostolic Archive","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Subjects"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Vatican City","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Subjects"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Vatican Secret Archive","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Subjects"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Volkssturm","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Subjects"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Walter Kenneth Winters","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Subjects"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Werner Klaus Winter","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Subjects"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"World War II","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Subjects"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"World War, 1939-1945","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Subjects"]}}],"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/128172/file/239822#t=1133.0,1822.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/128172/file/239822/index/83292/annotation/375","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Persecution","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Title"]}}],"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/128172/file/239822#t=1822.0,2689.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/128172/file/239822/index/83292/annotation/376","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Walter recounts Kristallnacht and the increasing persecution of German Jews. Walter talks about the many camps he was in and the forced labor he performed for German companies. He considers how the Cold War impacted the German economy and contemporary political landscape. ","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Synopsis"]}}],"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/128172/file/239822#t=1822.0,2689.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/128172/file/239822/index/83292/annotation/377","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"We wore the yellow star [that said] ‘Jude’ [German: Jew].","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Partial Transcript"]}}],"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/128172/file/239822#t=1822.0,2689.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/128172/file/239822/index/83292/annotation/378","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Allies","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Subjects"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Anti-Jewish laws","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Subjects"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Armaments","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Subjects"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Arrest","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Subjects"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Auschwitz I","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Subjects"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Auschwitz II","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Subjects"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Auschwitz III","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Subjects"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Auschwitz-Birkenau","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Subjects"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Berlin Wall","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Subjects"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Berlin, Germany","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Subjects"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Birkenau","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Subjects"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Buna","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Subjects"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Camp Ganacker in der Erlau","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Subjects"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Collaborators","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Subjects"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Concentration Camp","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Subjects"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Concentration camp inmates","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Subjects"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Concentration camps – Sociological aspects","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Subjects"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Crystal Night, 1938","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Subjects"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Death march","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Subjects"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Denazification","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Subjects"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Deportation","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Subjects"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Edith Bogen Winter","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Subjects"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Evacuation","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Subjects"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Extermination camp","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Subjects"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Flossenberg","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Subjects"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Forced Labor","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Subjects"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Gentile","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Subjects"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Georg Winter","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Subjects"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"German Jews","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Subjects"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Gleiwitz","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Subjects"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Gliewitz","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Subjects"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Gross Fabrikaktion","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Subjects"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Heinkel-Werke Oranienburg","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Subjects"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Henry Morgenthau","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Subjects"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Hiding","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Subjects"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Holocaust survivors","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Subjects"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Holocaust, Jewish (1939-1945)","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Subjects"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Jewish business","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Subjects"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Jewish family life","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Subjects"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Jews—Germany","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Subjects"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Kristallnacht, 1938","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Subjects"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Landau, Germany","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Subjects"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Large Factory Action","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Subjects"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Magen David","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Subjects"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Monowitz","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Subjects"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Muhldorf","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Subjects"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Nazi Party","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Subjects"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Neo-Nazi movement","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Subjects"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Night of Broken Glass, 1938","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Subjects"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Non-Jewish—Germany","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Subjects"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Oranienburg","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Subjects"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Persecution","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Subjects"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Pogrom","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Subjects"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Raid","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Subjects"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Rationing","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Subjects"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Republican Party","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Subjects"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Restrictions","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Subjects"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Reunification","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Subjects"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Ronald Reagan","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Subjects"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Roundup","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Subjects"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Russian Jews","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Subjects"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Siemens","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Subjects"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Slave labor","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Subjects"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Star of David","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Subjects"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"USSR","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Subjects"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Walter Kenneth Winters","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Subjects"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Werner Klaus Winter","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Subjects"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"World War II","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Subjects"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"World War, 1939-1945","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Subjects"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Yellow star","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Subjects"]}}],"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/128172/file/239822#t=1822.0,2689.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/128172/file/239822/index/83292/annotation/379","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"A New Life","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Title"]}}],"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/128172/file/239822#t=2689.0,3741.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/128172/file/239822/index/83292/annotation/380","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Walter outlines his early days in the United States, his first job, early friendships and meeting his wife.","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Synopsis"]}}],"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/128172/file/239822#t=2689.0,3741.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/128172/file/239822/index/83292/annotation/381","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"It was the American Jewish Committee, I think you called it.","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Partial Transcript"]}}],"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/128172/file/239822#t=2689.0,3741.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/128172/file/239822/index/83292/annotation/382","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"20th Century Limited","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Aberdeen Street","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"American Jewish Community","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"American Jewish Joint Distribution Committee","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Anti-German","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Antisemitism – Postwar","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Boarding House","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Broadway Street","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Chicago, Illinois","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Cook County Hospital","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Elfriede Janssen-Timmen","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Elfriede Winters","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"employment","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Gala Drug","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Grand Central Station","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Green Mill Cocktail Lounge","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Green Mill Jazz  Club","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Greenhorn","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Holocaust survivors","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Holocaust, Jewish (1939-1945)","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Immigrant","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Jewish Vocational Service","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Louis Zahn","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Melrose Street","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Michael Reese Hospital","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Michel Reese","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"New York City, New York","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Russian","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"The Joint","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"United States","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Walter Kenneth Winters","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Werner Klaus Winter","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Zahn Drug Company","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}}],"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/128172/file/239822#t=2689.0,3741.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/128172/file/239822/index/83292/annotation/383","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Faith, Marriage, and Starting Over","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Title"]}}],"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/128172/file/239822#t=3741.0,4552.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/128172/file/239822/index/83292/annotation/384","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Walter explains his perspective of Judaism. He describes his wedding. Walter considers how the Holocaust has impacted him. He talks about starting a business.","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Synopsis"]}}],"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/128172/file/239822#t=3741.0,4552.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/128172/file/239822/index/83292/annotation/385","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I was proud to be a Jew. I am still proud to be a Jew out of tradition.","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Partial Transcript"]}}],"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/128172/file/239822#t=3741.0,4552.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/128172/file/239822/index/83292/annotation/386","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Airstep","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Atlanta, Georgia","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Bismarck Hotel","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"boarding house","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Boarding house","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"business","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Cantor","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Chiang Kai-shek","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Chicago, Illinois","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"children","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Children","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Chinese","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Cinerama Holiday Theater","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Cirrhosis","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Cook County Hospital","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Democratic Party","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Education","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Elfriede Janssen-Timmen","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Elfriede Winters","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Evanston, Illinois","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Faith","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"family","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Florsheim","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"friendships","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Grady Memorial Hospital","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"health","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Holocaust education","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Holocaust survivors","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Holocaust, Jewish (1939-1945)","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Jewish","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Jewish community","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Jewish – Religious life and customs","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Jewish – Traditions","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"John H. Stroger Jr. Hospital of Cook","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Judaism","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Lifestride","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Men's Wearhouse","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Naturalizer","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Postwar effects","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Postwar experiences","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Religion","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Republican Party","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Richard J. Daley","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Richard M. Daley","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Rosehill Cemetery","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Shul","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Social worker","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Synagogue","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Temple Anshe Emet","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Temple Emanuel","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Temple Sholom","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"travel","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"University of Chicago","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"University of Evansville","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Walter Kenneth Winters","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"wedding","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Werner Klaus Winter","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}}],"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/128172/file/239822#t=3741.0,4552.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/128172/file/239822/index/83292/annotation/387","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Family and Business Life","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Title"]}}],"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/128172/file/239822#t=4552.0,4850.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/128172/file/239822/index/83292/annotation/388","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Walter talks about raising his children and starting a new business. ","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Synopsis"]}}],"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/128172/file/239822#t=4552.0,4850.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/128172/file/239822/index/83292/annotation/389","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Then, my wife already got pregnant. ","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Partial Transcript"]}}],"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/128172/file/239822#t=4552.0,4850.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/128172/file/239822/index/83292/annotation/390","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"anti-Jewish laws","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Cantor","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Chicago, Illinois","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Children","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Democratic Party","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Dr. Louis Binstock","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Drake University","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Education","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Elfriede Janssen-Timmen","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Elfriede Winters","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"England","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Evanston, Illinois","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"family","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Harlaxton College","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Harold Lee Washington","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"health","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Hebrew Benevolent Congregation","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Holocaust","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Holocaust, Jewish (1939-1945)","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Hope College","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Jewish","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Jewish – Religious life and customs","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Jewish – Traditions","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Jewish — education","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Jews kicked out of school","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Judaism","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Lake Michigan","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Lincoln Square","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Los Angeles Times","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Los Angeles, California","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Persecution","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"persecution","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Religious education","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Republican Party","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Richard Joseph Daley","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Richard Michael Daley","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Ritz-Carlton Hotel","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Skin cancer","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"synagogue","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Temple Sholom","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"The Temple","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Walter Kenneth Winters","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Werner Klaus Winter","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"World War II","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"World War, 1939-1945","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}}],"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/128172/file/239822#t=4552.0,4850.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/128172/file/239822/index/83292/annotation/391","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Chicago, Illinois","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Title"]}}],"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/128172/file/239822#t=4850.0,5221.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/128172/file/239822/index/83292/annotation/392","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Walter shares anecdotes about Chicago.","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Synopsis"]}}],"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/128172/file/239822#t=4850.0,5221.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/128172/file/239822/index/83292/annotation/393","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"When we took over that store, it was owned by a Republican alderman of German descent, too.","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Partial Transcript"]}}],"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/128172/file/239822#t=4850.0,5221.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/128172/file/239822/index/83292/annotation/394","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Building Code","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"business","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Business","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Chicago, Illinois","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"children","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Corruption","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Democratic Party","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Elfriede Janssen-Timmen","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Elfriede Winters","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Hope College","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Hunger","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Pacific Theater","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"politics","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Postwar effects","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Postwar experiences","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Republican Party","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Shoe store","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"United States","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"University of Evanston","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Vietnam War","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Walter Kenneth Winters","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Werner Klaus Winter","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"World War II","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"World War, 1939-1945","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}}],"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/128172/file/239822#t=4850.0,5221.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/128172/file/239822/index/83292/annotation/395","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Atlanta, Georgia","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Title"]}}],"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/128172/file/239822#t=5221.0,6036.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/128172/file/239822/index/83292/annotation/396","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Walter recounts why they moved to Atlanta, Georgia and sold the business. Walter talks about reparations and financial struggles.","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Synopsis"]}}],"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/128172/file/239822#t=5221.0,6036.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/128172/file/239822/index/83292/annotation/397","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I tell you, to babysit.","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Partial Transcript"]}}],"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/128172/file/239822#t=5221.0,6036.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/128172/file/239822/index/83292/annotation/398","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Arthritis","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Atlanta, Georgia","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"business","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Business","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Chicago, Illinois","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Claims","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Compensation","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Conference on Jewish Material Claims Against Germany","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Customers","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Democratic Party","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Elfriede Janssen-Timmen","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Elfriede Winters","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Evanston, Illinois","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"family","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Germany","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Grandchildren","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Gypsy","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"health","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Holocaust survivors","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Holocaust, Jewish (1939-1945)","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Home Owners Association","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Jewish organizations","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Medicare","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Moving","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"nursing","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"nursing home","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Osteoporosis","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Pension","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Reparation","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Republican Party","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Restitution","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Retirement","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"retirement","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Schaden und Kopfer Gesundheit","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Shoe store","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Skin cancer","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Soccer club","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Social Security","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Survivor","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Volksdeutsche","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Walter Kenneth Winters","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Werner Klaus Winter","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"World War II","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"World War, 1939-1945","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}}],"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/128172/file/239822#t=5221.0,6036.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/128172/file/239822/index/83292/annotation/399","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Long Term Impacts","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Title"]}}],"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/128172/file/239822#t=6036.0,6431.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/128172/file/239822/index/83292/annotation/400","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Walter talks about health issues and post-war effects. ","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Synopsis"]}}],"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/128172/file/239822#t=6036.0,6431.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/128172/file/239822/index/83292/annotation/401","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Because I have more time now to think.","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Partial Transcript"]}}],"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/128172/file/239822#t=6036.0,6431.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/128172/file/239822/index/83292/annotation/402","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Air force","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"armed forces","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Army","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Atlanta, Georgia","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Corruption","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Elfriede Janssen-Timmen","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Elfriede Winters","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Evangelists","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"family","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Future generations","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"George Herbert Walker Bush","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"German industry","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Grandchildren","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"health","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Holocaust","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Holocaust survivors","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Holocaust, Jewish (1939-1945)","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Jerry Laymon Falwell Sr.","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Justice","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Lessons","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Marine","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Marion Gordon \"Pat\" Robertson","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Navy","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Nazi Party","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Osteoporosis","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Postwar effects","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Postwar experiences","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Recruiting","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Reparation","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Restitution","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Rightwing","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Ronald Reagan","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Skin cancer","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Son-in-law","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Survivors","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Walter Kenneth Winters","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Werner Klaus Winter","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"World War II","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"World War, 1939-1945","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}}],"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/128172/file/239822#t=6036.0,6431.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/128172/file/239822/index/83292/annotation/403","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Perspectives","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Title"]}}],"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/128172/file/239822#t=6431.0,7034.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/128172/file/239822/index/83292/annotation/404","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Walter considers his life and details his political perspectives. ","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Synopsis"]}}],"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/128172/file/239822#t=6431.0,7034.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/128172/file/239822/index/83292/annotation/405","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I haven't accomplished very much.","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Partial Transcript"]}}],"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/128172/file/239822#t=6431.0,7034.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/128172/file/239822/index/83292/annotation/406","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Al Albert Arnold Gore Jr.","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Alfried Krupp von Bohlen und Halbach","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"American South","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Atenolol","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Bayer","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"blood pressure","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Children","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"cholesterol","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Collaborators","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Communists","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Democratic Party","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Dixiecrats","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Economy","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Elfriede Janssen-Timmen","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Elfriede Winters","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Family","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Forced labor","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"German industry","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Germany","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Great Depression","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Health","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Health insurance","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Health Management Organization","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"HMO","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"IG Farben","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Jewish","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Jewish business","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Jewish property","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Jewish – Religious life and customs","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Jewish – Traditions","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Judaism","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Krupp AG","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Lescol","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Liberal","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Nazi Party","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Non-Jewish","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Osteoporosis","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Political","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Prescription costs","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Prevacid","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Prilosec","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Ralph Nader","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Republican Party","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Shicksa","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Siemens","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Slave labor","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Social Democrat Party","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Survivor","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Unemployment","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Voting","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Walter Kenneth Winters","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Werner Klaus Winter","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"World War II","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"World War, 1939-1945","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Yiddish","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}}],"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/128172/file/239822#t=6431.0,7034.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/128172/file/239822/index/83292/annotation/407","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"The Best Part of Life","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Title"]}}],"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/128172/file/239822#t=7034.0,7249.48"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/128172/file/239822/index/83292/annotation/408","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Walter shares his pride in his family. ","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Synopsis"]}}],"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/128172/file/239822#t=7034.0,7249.48"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/128172/file/239822/index/83292/annotation/409","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"That's hard. I think I have a lovely family.","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Partial Transcript"]}}],"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/128172/file/239822#t=7034.0,7249.48"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/128172/file/239822/index/83292/annotation/410","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Albert Arnold Gore Jr.","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Chicago, Illinois","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"children","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Democratic Party","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Elfriede Janssen-Timmen","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Elfriede Winters","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"family","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Family","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Friends","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Geisha","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"grandchildren","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Hans Rosenthal","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Hillary Rodham Clinton","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Jewish","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Jewish – Religious life and customs","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Jewish – Traditions","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Judaism","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Marriage","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Mary Elizabeth Tipper Gore","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Pacific Theater","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Photograph","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"postwar experiences","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"travel","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"United States","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Walter Kenneth Winters","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Werner Klaus Winter","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"William Bill Jefferson Clinton","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"World War II","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"World War, 1939-1945","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}}],"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/128172/file/239822#t=7034.0,7249.48"}]}]}]}