{"@context":"http://iiif.io/api/presentation/3/context.json","id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/iiif/6w96688z9w/manifest","type":"Manifest","label":{"en":["Draker, Henry"]},"logo":"https://d9jk7wjtjpu5g.cloudfront.net/organizations/logo_images/000/000/082/original/TheBreman_SecondaryMark_Horizontal_Blue_Black.png?1713640889","metadata":[{"label":{"en":["Date"]},"value":{"en":["2004-09-01 (creation)"]}},{"label":{"en":["Agent"]},"value":{"en":["Henry Draker (Interviewee)","John Kent (Interviewer)","Ruth Eintein (Interviewer)"]}},{"label":{"en":["Language"]},"value":{"en":["English (primary)"]}},{"label":{"en":["Format"]},"value":{"en":["Video"]}},{"label":{"en":["Source"]},"value":{"en":["William Breman Jewish Heritage Museum Esther and Herbert Taylor Oral History Collection"]}},{"label":{"en":["Description"]},"value":{"en":["\u003cp\u003eJohn Kent and Ruth Einstein interviewd Henry Drake on September 1st, 2004 in Atlanta, Georgia.\u003c/p\u003e (general)","\u003cp\u003eHenry Draker was born Hans Drucker in Flatow, Germany on September 24, 1912. Henry began his career working in his father’s grain business. When the Nazi Party came to power in 1933, his father, Max, was warned to leave Flatow. Henry, his older brother, and his father went to Berlin, Germany. The family’s home and business in Flatow were smashed up and confiscated by the Nazis. Henry's mother, Selma, and his grandmother had been hiding in the cellar; they joined the rest of the family in Berlin the next day.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eIn July 1933, Henry and Max were arrested by the Gestapo, taken back to Flatow, and put in jail. From Flatow, they were briefly taken to a concentration camp in Hammerstein and then one in Lichtenburg. Max was charged with sending money to Palestine, put on trial, convicted, and sentenced to 2 years in the Schneidemuhl prison. Henry was then transferred to a forced labor camp near Esterwegen, where he worked to clear swampland.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eHenry was finally released on April 17, 1934, on the condition that he would emigrate from Germany. Within a week, he immigrated to Belgium, where he made a living selling material for suits. Henry’s brother had meanwhile immigrated to Palestine and was able to secure a visa for Henry. Henry worked in a series of jobs in Palestine and Egypt. He then decided to return to Europe and try to make his way to the United States. In 1938, he travelled from London, England to Cuba, then to Puerto Rico, and finally to the US. He settled in New York City, New York. In 1942, Henry learned that his father—who had been arrested again—had died in Sachsenhausen. In 1943, Henry was drafted into the US Army. Around that same time, Henry’s mother died in Auschwitz-Birkenau.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eWhile in the army, Henry became a US citizen and changed his name. He was stationed in Texas until the end of the war. Henry met his wife, who was also a refugee from Nazi Germany, in New York after the war. The couple was married in 1951 and had two sons. Henry spent most of his career in the costume jewelry business. After he retired, the Drakers moved to Atlanta, Georgia to be closer to their sons. Henry passed away in 2007.\u003c/p\u003e (bioghist)","\u003cp\u003eHenry describes growing up in Flatow, Germany, where his family owned a grain business. He describes the hyperinflation of the 1920’s and the increase in antisemitism his family encountered. Henry recounts what happened when the Nazi Party came to power and he and his father were arrested. He outlines his detainment in a prison, two concentration camps, and a forced labor camp. He describes his release and subsequent immigration to Belgium and then Palestine. Henry recalls finally coming to the United States, joining the army, meeting his wife, and encountering antisemitism. He relays how he found out about the deaths of his parents. Henry describes moving to Atlanta, Georgia and travelling throughout Europe in his retirement. The interview closes with his impressions of the French and German people before and after the war.\u003c/p\u003e (scope content)"]}},{"label":{"en":["Source Metadata URI"]},"value":{"en":["https://archivesspace.thebreman.org/repositories/2/archival_objects/27998"]}},{"label":{"en":["Rights Statement"]},"value":{"en":["\u003cp\u003eAll rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, recorded by any information storage and retrieval system, without the express written consent of the William Breman Jewish Heritage Museum.\u003c/p\u003e"]}},{"label":{"en":["Subject"]},"value":{"en":["Nazi party (topical term)","World War Two (Topical Term)","concentration camps (topical term)","antisemitism (topical term)"]}}],"summary":{"en":["\u003cp\u003eJohn Kent and Ruth Einstein interviewd Henry Drake on September 1st, 2004 in Atlanta, Georgia.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eHenry Draker was born Hans Drucker in Flatow, Germany on September 24, 1912. Henry began his career working in his father’s grain business. When the Nazi Party came to power in 1933, his father, Max, was warned to leave Flatow. Henry, his older brother, and his father went to Berlin, Germany. The family’s home and business in Flatow were smashed up and confiscated by the Nazis. Henry's mother, Selma, and his grandmother had been hiding in the cellar; they joined the rest of the family in Berlin the next day.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eIn July 1933, Henry and Max were arrested by the Gestapo, taken back to Flatow, and put in jail. From Flatow, they were briefly taken to a concentration camp in Hammerstein and then one in Lichtenburg. Max was charged with sending money to Palestine, put on trial, convicted, and sentenced to 2 years in the Schneidemuhl prison. Henry was then transferred to a forced labor camp near Esterwegen, where he worked to clear swampland.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eHenry was finally released on April 17, 1934, on the condition that he would emigrate from Germany. Within a week, he immigrated to Belgium, where he made a living selling material for suits. Henry’s brother had meanwhile immigrated to Palestine and was able to secure a visa for Henry. Henry worked in a series of jobs in Palestine and Egypt. He then decided to return to Europe and try to make his way to the United States. In 1938, he travelled from London, England to Cuba, then to Puerto Rico, and finally to the US. He settled in New York City, New York. In 1942, Henry learned that his father—who had been arrested again—had died in Sachsenhausen. In 1943, Henry was drafted into the US Army. Around that same time, Henry’s mother died in Auschwitz-Birkenau.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eWhile in the army, Henry became a US citizen and changed his name. He was stationed in Texas until the end of the war. Henry met his wife, who was also a refugee from Nazi Germany, in New York after the war. The couple was married in 1951 and had two sons. Henry spent most of his career in the costume jewelry business. After he retired, the Drakers moved to Atlanta, Georgia to be closer to their sons. Henry passed away in 2007.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eHenry describes growing up in Flatow, Germany, where his family owned a grain business. He describes the hyperinflation of the 1920’s and the increase in antisemitism his family encountered. Henry recounts what happened when the Nazi Party came to power and he and his father were arrested. He outlines his detainment in a prison, two concentration camps, and a forced labor camp. He describes his release and subsequent immigration to Belgium and then Palestine. Henry recalls finally coming to the United States, joining the army, meeting his wife, and encountering antisemitism. He relays how he found out about the deaths of his parents. Henry describes moving to Atlanta, Georgia and travelling throughout Europe in his retirement. The interview closes with his impressions of the French and German people before and after the war.\u003c/p\u003e"]},"requiredStatement":{"label":{"en":["Attribution"]},"value":{"en":["\u003cp\u003eAll rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, recorded by any information storage and retrieval system, without the express written consent of the William Breman Jewish Heritage Museum.\u003c/p\u003e"]}},"provider":[{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/aboutus","type":"Agent","label":{"en":["William Breman Jewish Heritage Museum"]},"homepage":[{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/","type":"Text","label":{"en":["William Breman Jewish Heritage Museum"]},"format":"text/html"}],"logo":[{"id":"https://d9jk7wjtjpu5g.cloudfront.net/organizations/logo_images/000/000/082/original/TheBreman_SecondaryMark_Horizontal_Blue_Black.png?1713640889","type":"Image"}]}],"thumbnail":[{"id":"https://d9jk7wjtjpu5g.cloudfront.net/collection_resource_files/thumbnails/000/100/914/small/Henry_Draker.png?1619295798","type":"Image","format":"image/png"}],"items":[{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32185/file/100914","type":"Canvas","label":{"en":["Media File 1 of 1 - Draker_Henry.mp4"]},"duration":9272.239,"width":640,"height":360,"thumbnail":[{"id":"https://d9jk7wjtjpu5g.cloudfront.net/collection_resource_files/thumbnails/000/100/914/small/Henry_Draker.png?1619295798","type":"Image","format":"image/png"}],"items":[{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32185/file/100914/content/1","type":"AnnotationPage","items":[{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32185/file/100914/content/1/annotation/1","type":"Annotation","motivation":"painting","body":{"id":"https://aviary-p-thebreman.s3.wasabisys.com/collection_resource_files/resource_files/000/100/914/original/Draker_Henry.mp4?1604673151","type":"Video","format":"video/mp4","duration":9272.239,"width":640,"height":360},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32185/file/100914","metadata":[]}]}],"annotations":[{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32185/file/100914/transcript/20875","type":"AnnotationPage","label":{"en":["Henry Draker [Transcript]"]},"items":[{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32185/file/100914/transcript/20875/annotation/1","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"KENT: Let's start with your name. What was your name when you were born?\n\nDRAKER: My name was Hans Bodo Drucker [sp]. I was born on September 24, 1912, in\nFlatow, Germany.\n\nKENT: What part of Germany is that?\n\nDRAKER: It was the province of ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32185/file/100914#t=0.0,30.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32185/file/100914/transcript/20875/annotation/2","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Prussia. 'West Prussia' it was called. There was\nan 'East Prussia' and a 'West Prussia.'\n\nKENT: What was your family situation, your family life?\n\nDRAKER: My . . . it's all in there [indicates a nearby book] . . . my father . .\n. let me start this way . . . my grandfather--whom I did not know because he had\npassed away before I was ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32185/file/100914#t=30.0,60.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32185/file/100914/transcript/20875/annotation/3","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"born--had founded a business in Flatow [Germany]. He\nhad built a beautiful building on the Wilhelmstrasse, the main square of the\ncity. It was a two-story house. In the back was a backyard. Then there was a\nfour-story . . . what do you call ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32185/file/100914#t=60.0,90.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32185/file/100914/transcript/20875/annotation/4","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"it? A four-story building--he was in the grain\nbusiness--where the grain was held.\n\nKENT: A silo?\n\nDRAKER: Yes. It was a beautiful business. My father had inherited that business\nand he had increased the business. He was a well-known, prominent ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32185/file/100914#t=90.0,120.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32185/file/100914/transcript/20875/annotation/5","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"person in\nFlatow. Now, I'm telling you really from my story [in the book]. We did business\nwith all of the farmers around the area. It was customary that, in this kind of\nbusiness, you gave them ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32185/file/100914#t=120.0,150.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32185/file/100914/transcript/20875/annotation/6","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"credit. With other words, the farmers came and they\nbought all the needs what they needed for their farm. They did not pay for it,\nbut when the harvest came, they brought their rice, their barley, et cetera.\nThey brought that and paid it that way. Then they kept on giving it, selling it\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32185/file/100914#t=150.0,180.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32185/file/100914/transcript/20875/annotation/7","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"to us so that we got business. Since my father . . . that was now the second\ngeneration of the business . . . and all these farmers had children and they\nwere now in charge. They were all friends. They called each other only by their\nfirst names. They all grew up together. That was the situation. Everything was\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32185/file/100914#t=180.0,210.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32185/file/100914/transcript/20875/annotation/8","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"fine, except when the Nazi Party--which had a different name at that time . . .\nwhen they came, it got worse and worse. They had meetings. They said in the\nmeetings, \"Don't pay back what you owe to the Jews ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32185/file/100914#t=210.0,240.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32185/file/100914/transcript/20875/annotation/9","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"because they have cheated you\nanyway! Don't pay them back!\" Then, of course, the farmers . . . all of the\nsudden . . . they didn't know us anymore . . . very soon. It was a terrible situation.\n\nKENT: In the 1920's, when there was the very high inflation, how did that effect\n. . .\n\nDRAKER: That was before. I was a child when that inflation was . . .\n\nKENT: You were a ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32185/file/100914#t=240.0,270.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32185/file/100914/transcript/20875/annotation/10","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"teenager, about 1923 or something like that?\n\nDRAKER: Right. Yes, it was a terrible inflation. As a matter of fact, the\nfarmers would come. They sell at noontime . . . they sell it. They had sown so\nmuch good. Then they come back at 3:00 because at 3:00 the price was up. They\ngot paid ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32185/file/100914#t=270.0,300.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32185/file/100914/transcript/20875/annotation/11","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"again. At that time, one dollar was millions of Marks. When I went to\nschool that had started. I remember I used to buy toys when I got what they call\n'Taschengeld' [German: allowance] . . . the money that ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32185/file/100914#t=300.0,330.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32185/file/100914/transcript/20875/annotation/12","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"my father gave me . . .\n\nKENT: Allowance?\n\nDRAKER: Allowance, that's right. I spent it right away because I knew that\ntomorrow and the next day that I would get less for it. That was terrible.\n\nKENT: Was there any talk in the 1920's that the inflation was somehow Jewish . .\n. caused by Jewish people somehow?\n\nDRAKER: Not at that time, no. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32185/file/100914#t=330.0,360.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32185/file/100914/transcript/20875/annotation/13","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"That came later. Of course, afterward, it was all\nthe fault of the Jews, but not at that time because there was no Hitler in sight\nyet. Later on, everything that was wrong in Germany was the fault of the Jews.\nThey always used to say, \"Why do you say it's the Jews?\" ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32185/file/100914#t=360.0,390.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32185/file/100914/transcript/20875/annotation/14","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Then there was a\nsaying, \"The Radfahrer [German: cyclist] or the Jews? Who was it? The Jews.\" It\nwas always the fault of the Jews, whatever was wrong in Germany under Hitler.\nOne day, when came a young man to our ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32185/file/100914#t=390.0,420.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32185/file/100914/transcript/20875/annotation/15","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"office . . . when I left school and had\ngraduated from school, I joined my father in the business. I was in his\nbusiness. One day, a young man came there. He had worked in a bakery. He said to\nmy father, \"Mr. Drucker, I am now in business for myself. I have opened ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32185/file/100914#t=420.0,450.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32185/file/100914/transcript/20875/annotation/16","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"a bakery\nshop at the road near the railroad station, but I need credit. If you would give\nme credit, I will make bakery goods, I'll sell it, and I'll come and pay for\nit.\" My father said, \"All right, you want to start a business. I'll help you.\nWhat do you need?\" [He said,] \"I need flour.\" [My father said,] \"All right,\nhere.\" ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32185/file/100914#t=450.0,480.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32185/file/100914/transcript/20875/annotation/17","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"My father gave him a slip to go to Mischa, who worked there, to give him\n100 pounds of flour. This went on for a little while. Then when they said,\n\"Don't pay back the Jews,\" we didn't see him anymore. I come back to that later\nin my story. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32185/file/100914#t=480.0,510.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32185/file/100914/transcript/20875/annotation/18","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"When Hitler came to power, in the evening when it was dark so that\nhe could not be seen, the chief of police in Flatow came to my father--I was\nthere in the office with him--and he said, \"Herr [German: Mister] Drucker, you\nhave to get out of Flatow tonight. Tomorrow it is too ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32185/file/100914#t=510.0,540.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32185/file/100914/transcript/20875/annotation/19","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"late, because tomorrow the\nNazis are in charge and there's nothing we can do. We cannot help you.\" My\nfather took . . . my mother had three brothers and they lived in Berlin . . . my\nfather . . . there was a train at 3:00 in the morning, a fast train to Berlin .\n. . my ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32185/file/100914#t=540.0,570.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32185/file/100914/transcript/20875/annotation/20","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"father went to Berlin. The next day the Nazis came, and they mistreated\nall the Jews terribly. They came into our house. My mother was still there and\nmy grandmother, but they were hiding in the basement, in the cellar. They didn't\nfind them. They came and they wanted ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32185/file/100914#t=570.0,600.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32185/file/100914/transcript/20875/annotation/21","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"to arrest my father. He wasn't there. They\nsmashed up everything . . . the office and the next room . . . My brother . . .\nI'm telling you now the story that is in my book . . . my brother . . .\n\nKENT: What was his name? Your brother's name?\n\nDRAKER: Harry Drucker. Later ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32185/file/100914#t=600.0,630.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32185/file/100914/transcript/20875/annotation/22","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"on, he was also Harry Draker. Harry . . . when I\nwas a little boy, from my youngest years on, I was always told, \"Someday you\nwill have to take over the business. Harry, who is two years older, he's going\nto study.\" He did become a ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32185/file/100914#t=630.0,660.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32185/file/100914/transcript/20875/annotation/23","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"dentist. Now I have to bring Harry in. Harry had\nstudied and he came . . . he had a girlfriend. She also . . . they were studying\ntogether in Heidelberg [Germany] and they came back to Berlin. The last semester\nthey wanted to finish in Berlin, at the university in Berlin . . . but they were\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32185/file/100914#t=660.0,690.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32185/file/100914/transcript/20875/annotation/24","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"thrown, like all the other Jews, out of the university before they could\ngraduate. Now Ani [sp] was the name of his girlfriend. Her father owned a\nnewspaper in Berlin. It was called Berlin am Mitag, Berlin at Noon. That was his\nnewspaper. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32185/file/100914#t=690.0,720.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32185/file/100914/transcript/20875/annotation/25","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"They said to Ani and Harry, \"Go to Palestine.\" There was something\ngoing on in Palestine. \"Go to Palestine. We'll send you there for the newspaper,\nso you get in.\" They went to Palestine and they got married there. That had been\narranged. They got married there. Why do I say that now? ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32185/file/100914#t=720.0,750.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32185/file/100914/transcript/20875/annotation/26","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Harry was there [in\nBerlin], too. I also . . . I was there because they were all together there. I\nwas at that time in Berlin to visit my uncles and Harry. We were there. Only my\nmother and my grandmother were there in Flatow. The next day, my mother and\ngrandmother came to Berlin, too.\n\nKENT: What was the date?\n\nDRAKER: That was in ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32185/file/100914#t=750.0,780.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32185/file/100914/transcript/20875/annotation/27","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"1933, right at the beginning when Hitler came to power . . .\nright then. So we were all in Berlin. My father . . . after a few days, he heard\n. . . he called some non-Jewish friends in Flatow [and asked], \"What is going on\nthere?\" They said, \"Don't come back. They have taken your house and ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32185/file/100914#t=780.0,810.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32185/file/100914/transcript/20875/annotation/28","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"you're\nbetter off. Don't come back. Not yet.\" Of course, everybody thought, \"How long\ncan this man [Hitler] last?\" because, at that time, Germany had a change in\ngovernment practically every few months at that time. They all thought, \"All\nright, so now Hitler is on. How long can that man ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32185/file/100914#t=810.0,840.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32185/file/100914/transcript/20875/annotation/29","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"last?\" Unfortunately, he did\nlast. My parents decided, \"All right, we'll stay now. First, we'll stay in\nBerlin until that guy is not in power anymore and things go back to normal.\"\nThey rented an apartment on Schlüterstrasse [unintelligible: 14:23] in Berlin.\nWe were living ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32185/file/100914#t=840.0,870.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32185/file/100914/transcript/20875/annotation/30","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"there. One day . . . this was in July [1933], I think . . . we\nhad this apartment. We were living there. My mother enjoyed it because of the\nmodern conveniences of the apartment in Berlin were nicer than in the house that\nwe had. We were all very happy there. Berlin is a beautiful ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32185/file/100914#t=870.0,900.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32185/file/100914/transcript/20875/annotation/31","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"city. We were not\nknown to be Jewish. There was everything. We enjoyed being there . . .\n\nKENT: Could you mention . . . what was the Jewish part of your life? What did\nJewish-ness mean to you and your family?\n\nDRAKER: We were Jewish in Flatow. My father ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32185/file/100914#t=900.0,930.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32185/file/100914/transcript/20875/annotation/32","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"was the head of the synagogue. It\nwas a Conservative synagogue and the women were sitting upstairs and the men\nwere downstairs. My father had several seats there, inherited already from his\ngrandfather. He was . . . at some time he was ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32185/file/100914#t=930.0,960.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32185/file/100914/transcript/20875/annotation/33","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"the . . . what do you call it? The\nhead of the Jewish organization, of the Jewish . . . they were . . . let me see,\nwhere was I? We were now in Berlin . . .\n\nKENT: The summer of 1933?\n\nDRAKER: Yes. One ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32185/file/100914#t=960.0,990.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32185/file/100914/transcript/20875/annotation/34","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"day, a policeman came with the Gestapo. My father was not home.\nHarry, my brother, was home [along with] I and my mother. They came [and asked,]\n\"Where is Max Drucker?\" Max Drucker was my father's name. [We said,] \"He is not\nhere.\" [He said,] \"All right, what is your name?\" [I answered,] \"Hans.\" [He\nsaid,] \"You ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32185/file/100914#t=990.0,1020.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32185/file/100914/transcript/20875/annotation/35","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"come and you, Harry. You come with me.\" We were taken to the\nheadquarters of the Gestapo. There was a big room. There were many, many people\n[who] had been arrested to be there. When my father came home and he ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32185/file/100914#t=1020.0,1050.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32185/file/100914/transcript/20875/annotation/36","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"heard what\nhas happened, he went to the headquarters of the Gestapo to get his sons back.\nThey said, \"You are under arrest. And your son . . . which one is Hans?\" [He\nreplied,] \"The younger one.\" [They said,] \"He is under arrest,\" because we both\nwere in the business. \"The other boy is a student. He can go home.\" My brother\ncould go home. Later . . . that was when they [Harry and Ani] were sent ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32185/file/100914#t=1050.0,1080.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32185/file/100914/transcript/20875/annotation/37","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"to\nPalestine. Now we were arrested there. Then my father was called out of the\nroom. I didn't see him then until the next day when my name was called and I was\nput into a cell. On the ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32185/file/100914#t=1080.0,1110.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32185/file/100914/transcript/20875/annotation/38","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"cell, there was written on the wall . . . things from\nmany prisoners who had been there. I was 20 years old then. This was, for me,\nterrible. I was sick. I was arrested. I was in prison and this . . . there was\nan opening they send . . . they put the food in there. I couldn't touch the\nfood. All right, I ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32185/file/100914#t=1110.0,1140.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32185/file/100914/transcript/20875/annotation/39","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"survived the night. It was a terrible night for me to be in\nthis cell. The next morning, I'm called out. I come into a room and they take me\nin another room. My father is there and two people from Flatow whom I knew. One\nwas in uniform--Nazi uniform--and Mr. Mergott [sp]. Mergott was the ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32185/file/100914#t=1140.0,1170.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32185/file/100914/transcript/20875/annotation/40","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"one, the\nBäckergeselle [German: journeyman baker], whom my father had helped to get\nstarted. He took out his revolver, pointed it at my father, and said, \"You are\nmy prisoners and if you try to flee, I make use of my weapon!\" Then he said the\nsame to me, \"You're my prisoner! If you try to flee, I will make use of ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32185/file/100914#t=1170.0,1200.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32185/file/100914/transcript/20875/annotation/41","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"my\nweapon! We're taking you to Flatow!\" They put us into the car and drove us to\nFlatow. In Flatow, they stopped at the city hall. There was a lot of people\nalready waiting. They all knew that the Jews--the criminals--had been arrested\nand brought back. There were many people ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32185/file/100914#t=1200.0,1230.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32185/file/100914/transcript/20875/annotation/42","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"there. They had big shields there. I\ndon't know what was written on there . . . probably \"Jew criminals.\" They wanted\nto lead us through the city to show us off. Out of the crowd comes a high\nofficer from World War I in his uniform . . . I don't know what his ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32185/file/100914#t=1230.0,1260.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32185/file/100914/transcript/20875/annotation/43","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"rank was,\nwhether he was a general or a step below that. I don't know . . . he had his\n[unintelligible: 21:10] . . . on his side it was hanging . . . and his uniform.\nHe said to Mergott, \"Take this man direct to the jail! No fooling around here!\"\nbecause he knew my father. Why? My father had ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32185/file/100914#t=1260.0,1290.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32185/file/100914/transcript/20875/annotation/44","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"served in the German Army. He was\na sergeant. He had become . . . he was wounded. He was on the Russian Front. He\nwas wounded.\n\nAt that time . . . they had served in the same ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32185/file/100914#t=1290.0,1320.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32185/file/100914/transcript/20875/annotation/45","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"unit. They knew each other very\nwell. That's why this man said, \"Don't fool around here! All right, he has to go\nto the jail, fine. Now take him to the jail.\" Now the jail . . . the man in\ncharge of the jail was a man by the name of Friske . ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32185/file/100914#t=1320.0,1350.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32185/file/100914/transcript/20875/annotation/46","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":". . At that time, my father\nhad received the Iron Cross. You know what is the Iron Cross in Germany? All the\npeople at that time, they showed . . . he was also ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32185/file/100914#t=1350.0,1380.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32185/file/100914/transcript/20875/annotation/47","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"wearing his Iron Cross. I\njust wanted to mention that. We came into this jail. Mr. Friske knew me when I\nwas this small. [indicates height of young child] He always bought his beer and\nhis cigarettes from Frankenstein . . . which were ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32185/file/100914#t=1380.0,1410.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32185/file/100914/transcript/20875/annotation/48","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"neighbors of us . . . in their\nstore. He always like to sit there for a while. The Frankensteins had two\nchildren--two boys exactly the same age as Harry and me. We were close friends.\nWe were playmates. He saw us and he knew all the children and knew us for a long\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32185/file/100914#t=1410.0,1440.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32185/file/100914/transcript/20875/annotation/49","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"time. To come into his jail, it was kind of funny, in a way, to Mr. Friske. Mr.\nFriske was very decent. He was very nice. He tried what he could. I'll tell you\nsomething that I have not thought of and it's not in this, in my story. They had\n. . . they [no longer] trusted him anymore. He was still the head of the ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32185/file/100914#t=1440.0,1470.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32185/file/100914/transcript/20875/annotation/50","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"prison,\nbut they had given him a young man in a Nazi uniform as a companion or assistant\nor something. Why do I mention it? I knew that boy, too. He was not a friend of\nmine, but I knew who he was. I mention that because, when I was in the jail in\nFlatow, I had a ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32185/file/100914#t=1470.0,1500.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32185/file/100914/transcript/20875/annotation/51","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"cell. My father was somewhere else. I was not together with my\nfather. That fellow always came with his friends. There was an opening . . . you\ncould look into the cell. He showed me to his friends there. I knew it because,\nwhen he lifted that up, I knew that he was there and that people were looking.\nThey [the Nazi party authorities] ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32185/file/100914#t=1500.0,1530.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32185/file/100914/transcript/20875/annotation/52","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"didn't trust Friske anymore. That's why they\nhad given him an assistant. Now . . . there was nothing wrong. Of course, I was\nin prison and that's no fun. It was very depressing, but it was not dangerous or\nanything because Friske was okay. He was very nice to us.\n\nKENT: What was the charge against you and ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32185/file/100914#t=1530.0,1560.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32185/file/100914/transcript/20875/annotation/53","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"your father?\n\nDRAKER: [I'm] glad that you asked that. I don't have that in here. The charge .\n. . later . . . that comes later from my father . . . the charge was that he has\nshipped all his money to Palestine. That was a big . . . at that time, was a\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32185/file/100914#t=1560.0,1590.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32185/file/100914/transcript/20875/annotation/54","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"crime. I have . . . that part is in there [the book] . . . when we heard what\nhis charge was, we used to say, \"I wish it would have been true! Wouldn't it\nhave been wonderful if you had shipped the money to Palestine?\" Unfortunately it\nwasn't true, but that comes ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32185/file/100914#t=1590.0,1620.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32185/file/100914/transcript/20875/annotation/55","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"later . . . After a few days . . . I think a week\nlater, we were taken out of the prison and sent to Hammerstein, which is maybe\n50 [or] 30 miles from Flatow . . . another town. There was a small concentration\ncamp ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32185/file/100914#t=1620.0,1650.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32185/file/100914/transcript/20875/annotation/56","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"run by the Nazis from Flatow. When we arrived there, we were terribly\ntreated. We were beaten. We were . . . we had to empty our pockets. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32185/file/100914#t=1650.0,1680.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32185/file/100914/transcript/20875/annotation/57","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"They saw my\nfather . . . they saw the Iron Cross. \"What! The Jew bastard has the Iron\nCross!\" BANG! They hit him more! I had, at the time in my ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32185/file/100914#t=1680.0,1710.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32185/file/100914/transcript/20875/annotation/58","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"pocket, I had, in my\nbillfold, a picture from a girlfriend . . . Jewish girl from Schneidemuhl\n[Germany]. [They said,] \"Oh, the Jew bastard! He is going with a Christian\ngirl!\" Out comes a young man. I see it's Heinz Aralus [sp], my Schule [German:\nschool] comrade . . . we were sitting on the same bench . . . in SS uniform.\nHeinz Aralus has come to ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32185/file/100914#t=1710.0,1740.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32185/file/100914/transcript/20875/annotation/59","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"the . . . He said, \"That is that Jew girl from\nSchneidemuhl. It's . . .\" He wanted to help [me]. From there we were taken into\nanother room. We were standing. [We] had to stand there against the wall like\nthis here, stay . . . like this. [stands and faces wall] There ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32185/file/100914#t=1740.0,1770.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32185/file/100914/transcript/20875/annotation/60","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"was a whole row.\nI was here. My father was there. We were standing here. They would come and push\nthe head. [makes repeated shoving motion] Then they would hit you in the back.\nThey did this to my father. I looked and I saw my father was bleeding. He didn't\nsay one ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32185/file/100914#t=1770.0,1800.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32185/file/100914/transcript/20875/annotation/61","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"word. It was terrible. They hit us and it was . . . I thank G-d. We were\nvery lucky because this camp was to be closed. The same day . . . we got there\nin the morning and in the evening they had to march all the . . . they had many\nprisoners there from Flatow. They marched them to the railroad station. We were\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32185/file/100914#t=1800.0,1830.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32185/file/100914/transcript/20875/annotation/62","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"shipped . . . we didn't know where to. We were shipped to . . . the first\nconcentration camp . . . Lichtenburg. It was a huge camp. Of course, we didn't\nknow where we were going. When we came on the train . . . this was a train that\nhad prisoner ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32185/file/100914#t=1830.0,1860.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32185/file/100914/transcript/20875/annotation/63","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"compartments. A prisoner compartment is, let's say, this wide\n[indicates width with his hands] . . . two people can sit here . . . your knees\nare against the wall high enough to stand. The train must have been a very slow\ntrain . . . all the rest of that afternoon or that ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32185/file/100914#t=1860.0,1890.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32185/file/100914/transcript/20875/annotation/64","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"evening . . . all night,\nuntil the early afternoon of the next day, we were sitting there. The Nazis\nwould come open the door . . . you had to jump up . . . \"Achtung! Standfel!\"\n[German: Attention! Stand Up!\"] Then they would close the door. You would sit\ndown again. There was no food. There was no water. There was ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32185/file/100914#t=1890.0,1920.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32185/file/100914/transcript/20875/annotation/65","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"no toilet. It was\nawful. To sit there from the evening to the next day afternoon . . . it was\nterrible. And in the condition we wore in . . . swollen heads. We come to\nLichtenburg. We marched from the river and came to this prisoner camp,\nLichtenburg. Lichtenburg ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32185/file/100914#t=1920.0,1950.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32185/file/100914/transcript/20875/annotation/66","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"was an old castle. I think it must have been a hundred\nyears old. I don't know. Incidentally, it was now sold. The Germans now sold\nLichtenburg. I have, as a matter of fact, a proof of that that was sold now. The\nfirst . . . it was called the first concentration camp of the ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32185/file/100914#t=1950.0,1980.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32185/file/100914/transcript/20875/annotation/67","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Nazis. We came\nthere and all of the prisoners were standing in one row. There was a SS man, a\nvery tall fellow. I remember him. They passed us and he saw us. I was standing\nthere, at that time, next to my father. He ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32185/file/100914#t=1980.0,2010.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32185/file/100914/transcript/20875/annotation/68","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"said to us, \"This will not happen to\nyou here.\" Of course, he didn't know what was going . . . what was happening\nthere . . . but we thought that's very nice that he said, \"This will not happen\nto you here.\" I can tell you . . . One ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32185/file/100914#t=2010.0,2040.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32185/file/100914/transcript/20875/annotation/69","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"night, we were sleeping . . . they had .\n. . this Lichtenburg had a huge backyard. [It was] a huge complex . . . many\nstories high . . . four or five stories . . . and many rooms. We were in one\nroom. There was ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32185/file/100914#t=2040.0,2070.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32185/file/100914/transcript/20875/annotation/70","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"straw on the ground, on the floor. That's where we were then.\nOne night, they hit . . . they came to my father . . . he was over there [on the\nother side of the room]. I was here. I didn't know. They hit him again . . . [It\nwas] terrible . . . Then my father ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32185/file/100914#t=2070.0,2100.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32185/file/100914/transcript/20875/annotation/71","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"came. He said, \"Haben Sie geschlagen?\n[German: Have you been beaten?]\" I said, \"Now what has happened?\" I didn't know.\nI knew there was something going on, but I had no idea. They had hit him with .\n. . In Lichtenburg, they had . . . there were three ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32185/file/100914#t=2100.0,2130.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32185/file/100914/transcript/20875/annotation/72","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"compartments: the regular,\nthen Prominenten Abteilung [German: prominent department], and then there was a\nso-called . . . Beruf Verbrecher [German: professional criminals], BV . . .\nthree ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32185/file/100914#t=2130.0,2160.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32185/file/100914/transcript/20875/annotation/73","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"separate groups. We were in the regular group. Then my father was shipped\nout to Schneidemuhl because they had brought him to the court. They put him in\nprison in Schneidemuhl--which was 20 kilometers from ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32185/file/100914#t=2160.0,2190.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32185/file/100914/transcript/20875/annotation/74","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Flatow--and took him to\ncourt. His crime was he has his money shipped to Palestine. Now my father knew\nthe lawyers in Schneidermul. He got this best lawyer. The lawyer said to him,\n\"Herr Drucker, it doesn't matter what I will say or what the truth is. You will\nbe found ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32185/file/100914#t=2190.0,2220.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32185/file/100914/transcript/20875/annotation/75","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"guilty. You will be. The judgment has been made before we go there.\"\nAnd so it was. My father was found guilty for having shipped his money to\nPalestine and he was sent for two years to prison. Now continuing that . . . I\nwill say: Thank G-d there was a prison and that the head of the prison was not a\nNazi. He knew what was ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32185/file/100914#t=2220.0,2250.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32185/file/100914/transcript/20875/annotation/76","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"going on. He gave my father . . . obviously my father\ntold him what the story was . . . and he told him . . . he took him in his\noffice . . . he gave him a job in his office. He was better off than in a\nconcentration camp. Now we are in Lichtenburg. My father was shipped out to\nSchneidemuhl. I was transferred to the ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32185/file/100914#t=2250.0,2280.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32185/file/100914/transcript/20875/annotation/77","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"'Prominenten Abteilung.' Prominenten\nAbteilung were all the former high politicians from the German government, all\nthe . . . government . . . they were all arrested and all in the concentration\ncamp. They were in the Prominenten Abteilung and I was in there. We were about\n20 people in that ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32185/file/100914#t=2280.0,2310.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32185/file/100914/transcript/20875/annotation/78","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Prominenten Abteilung. We were standing there. I was with all\nthese high personalities. They called each other \"comrade\"--not by the title\nthey had, but \"comrade.\" They called me also \"comrade.\" I was a comrade. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32185/file/100914#t=2310.0,2340.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32185/file/100914/transcript/20875/annotation/79","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"There\nwere two people in charge of the concentration camp. One . . . I don't remember\nhis name, but he was always called the Schwarzer [German], the Black One. Not\nthat he was black, but he was called, in ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32185/file/100914#t=2340.0,2370.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32185/file/100914/transcript/20875/annotation/80","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"German, \"Der Schwarzer\"--'the Black\nOne'--because he had black hair and he was a bastard from the word \"Go.\" He\nespecially handled the [unintelligible: 39:52] Abteilung [German: department].\nYou cannot imagine what was going on there. The people who ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32185/file/100914#t=2370.0,2400.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32185/file/100914/transcript/20875/annotation/81","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"were there . . . I\ndon't know how anyone could have survived it. It was not possible . . . because\nwe saw them. Sometimes they came out . . . even outside when we were there. They\nwere always kept away from us, but we saw what was going on. They were treated\nlike animals . . . animals are treated decently. This was horrible, what they\ndid to these people. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32185/file/100914#t=2400.0,2430.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32185/file/100914/transcript/20875/annotation/82","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"That was especially . . . that was the Schwarzer. He\nhandled that compartment, and his assistant was a man by the name of Zimmermann.\nHe was . . . SR. The other one was SS. That was his assistant. He was the second\nin command of . . .\n\nKENT: Who were these other ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32185/file/100914#t=2430.0,2460.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32185/file/100914/transcript/20875/annotation/83","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"prisoners?\n\nDRAKER: Prisoners?\n\nKENT: Who were they? Why were they there?\n\nDRAKER: Anybody who was not in the Nazi Party was a prisoner. Anybody who was\nbelonged to the Democratic Partei [German: Party] or the next higher . . . next\n. . . another group . . . they were all arrested. They were ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32185/file/100914#t=2460.0,2490.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32185/file/100914/transcript/20875/annotation/84","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"not Nazis, so they\nwere all arrested. There were many Communists. They belonged to the Communist Party.\n\nKENT: Is this about 1934 now?\n\nDRAKER: That was ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32185/file/100914#t=2490.0,2520.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32185/file/100914/transcript/20875/annotation/85","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"1933 . . . Then my father was sent to Schneidermul. I came to\nthe Prominenten Abteilung. Then Christmas . . . around Christmastime 1933, a\nlarge group of the prisoners were shipped to Papenburg-Esterwegen. That was a\nGerman wasteland. It was a ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32185/file/100914#t=2520.0,2550.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32185/file/100914/transcript/20875/annotation/86","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"section with swamps . . . lots. We were sent there to\ndry the land. I was also in the group that was shipped there. Now they had 10\nconcentration camps in that area, and I was in number 10. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32185/file/100914#t=2550.0,2580.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32185/file/100914/transcript/20875/annotation/87","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"In Lichtenburg, we had\nfood. We were given, three times a day, morning, noon, and evening, soup and\nbread. It was not very nice, but you can . . . you were not hungry. When we came\nto Papenburg, they gave us one ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32185/file/100914#t=2580.0,2610.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32185/file/100914/transcript/20875/annotation/88","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"loaf of bread per week. In the morning, they\nbrought in some so-called 'soup' with black water. In the evening, when we came\nback from work, we also had something they called 'soup,' but it was terrible.\nAmong us prisoners . . . we used to say, in ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32185/file/100914#t=2610.0,2640.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32185/file/100914/transcript/20875/annotation/89","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Lichtenburg, we had gourmet food.\nNow we don't say that it was gourmet. It [the food in Lichtenburg] was the\nfinest gourmet in the world that we had, in comparison to what we had here. What\nwas done in Papenburg-Esterwegen? At six o'clock in the ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32185/file/100914#t=2640.0,2670.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32185/file/100914/transcript/20875/annotation/90","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"morning, we were marched\ninto the swamps. We had to work there until six in the evening [and] we were\nmarched back. To work in the swamps, it is very difficult because you stand\nthere [and] the more you move your legs, the deeper you sink in. We had a shovel\nand you had to cut ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32185/file/100914#t=2670.0,2700.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32185/file/100914/transcript/20875/annotation/91","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"the grass and the flowering plants and throw it out to dry.\nIt was very hard work. Each one had an area to cover . . . I would say a little\nmore than this room wide. The Nazis--the SR--were standing all around. If\nsomebody ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32185/file/100914#t=2700.0,2730.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32185/file/100914/transcript/20875/annotation/92","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"stopped working for a moment, they came towards them . . . It was\nterrible, hard work. Now, there were a couple of boys . . . men . . . I was\nfriendly with. They tried to help me whenever it was possible. One would be on\nthat side in this group and the other one ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32185/file/100914#t=2730.0,2760.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32185/file/100914/transcript/20875/annotation/93","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"there. If it was necessary, they would\ncome and help me so that I had done the amount of work that had to be done. They\nwere trying to help me. One day, the following thing happened . . . there are\nmany other things that I think of now which are not ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32185/file/100914#t=2760.0,2790.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32185/file/100914/transcript/20875/annotation/94","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"in there [the book] . . . so\none day in the morning . . . you had one bread [loaf] per week. You cut off a\nthin slice. I cut off two thin slices, because at noon . . . I forgot to mention\nthat . . . we had 20 minutes rest. At noon, we could sit down and eat our ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32185/file/100914#t=2790.0,2820.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32185/file/100914/transcript/20875/annotation/95","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"bread.\nI was sitting here. I cut two slices. There was some paper. When I turned around\nto take the paper, the bread was gone. That was a catastrophe for me. Now the\nalarm goes. You have to come out [and] stand in line to ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32185/file/100914#t=2820.0,2850.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32185/file/100914/transcript/20875/annotation/96","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"leave. There was nothing\nI could do. People knew . . . comrades knew that they had taken my bread and I\nhad nothing to eat. One fellow--I don't remember his name--and I say . . . there\nhe came and ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32185/file/100914#t=2850.0,2880.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32185/file/100914/transcript/20875/annotation/97","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"he said, \"Hans, I want to give you some bread. I want to share my\nbread with you.\" I said, \"No. No, thank you.\" I knew . . . his bread--that's\nwhat he lives on. I said, \"No. I can make it until tonight. I'm all right.\" He\nsaid to me, \"Hans, I'm asking you. I'm saying I want to share my bread with you.\nDon't insult me ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32185/file/100914#t=2880.0,2910.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32185/file/100914/transcript/20875/annotation/98","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"by refusing!\" He gave me half of his bread. I don't remember his\nname, but I knew why he was in the concentration camp. He had belonged to this\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32185/file/100914#t=2910.0,2940.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32185/file/100914/transcript/20875/annotation/99","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Christian organization--I forgot the name now. I have it in here somewhere--and\nhe was a member there. They had arrested all these people. That's why he was in\nthe concentration camp. Now we came back . . . That was one thing that was very\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32185/file/100914#t=2940.0,2970.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32185/file/100914/transcript/20875/annotation/100","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"important to me--that he insisted to help me. In this concentration camp, in the\nProminenten Abteilung, there was . . . where all these big shots were . . .\nthere was also a lawyer. He was Jewish. I don't remember his name . . . a lawyer\nand a ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32185/file/100914#t=2970.0,3000.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32185/file/100914/transcript/20875/annotation/101","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"dentist. The lawyer and the dentist had separate, a different . . . they\nwere different prisoners. They left in the morning and came back at night. The\ndentist, they gave him an office. He had to ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32185/file/100914#t=3000.0,3030.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32185/file/100914/transcript/20875/annotation/102","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"treat all the SR and SS and their\nfamilies--of course, free of charge. For that, he was permitted to leave to his\noffice in the morning and come back in the evening. The [Jewish] lawyer . . .\nZimmermann, the second in command [in the camp], was divorcing his wife . . .\n[and the Jewish lawyer] handled ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32185/file/100914#t=3030.0,3060.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32185/file/100914/transcript/20875/annotation/103","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"the divorce for him. He also . . . left in the\nmorning. He was in the office of Zimmermann all day long and came back in the\nevening. That was in addition. We, of course, got all the latest news from them\nwhen they came back in the evening. One day in the Prominenten ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32185/file/100914#t=3060.0,3090.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32185/file/100914/transcript/20875/annotation/104","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Abteilung, the\nNazis had some success--I don't know what that was--and they permitted the\nprisoners to smoke . . . to stand in front, outside the cells, stand in front\nthere . . . and they could smoke. The Prominenten Abteilung were permitted only\nto stand outside--not to smoke. Here ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32185/file/100914#t=3090.0,3120.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32185/file/100914/transcript/20875/annotation/105","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"was my cell and then there were others on\nthe right side and on the left were the regular cells . . . I'm standing there\nnow outside. They are smoking. This fellow, he wants to be nice to me. He says,\n\"Here, take a puff.\" He gives me one. I take a puff and give it back. I didn't\neven like it anymore because ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32185/file/100914#t=3120.0,3150.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32185/file/100914/transcript/20875/annotation/106","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I had not had it for so long. I used to smoke a\nlot, but when you haven't smoked for a long time and then you take a puff, you\ndon't like it. He wanted to be nice to me. My luck: One of the guards saw it. I\nwas reported. G-d forbid, he was reported. Now all the big shots ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32185/file/100914#t=3150.0,3180.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32185/file/100914/transcript/20875/annotation/107","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"from . . . my\ncell . . . we, of course, expected now that I would get . . . what was it called\n. . . 'bunker.' I would get 'bunker' for that. Bunker was a terrible penalty.\nThey had underground cabins and they beat up ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32185/file/100914#t=3180.0,3210.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32185/file/100914/transcript/20875/annotation/108","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"people and they were days in there.\nWhen they came up again, they were half dead. Surely you will get bunker now.\nThey came from my cell, all . . . they gave me books and cardboard. [They said,]\n\"Put it under your uniform,\" because they all expected that I would get ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32185/file/100914#t=3210.0,3240.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32185/file/100914/transcript/20875/annotation/109","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that. It\nwas terrible, but nothing happened that evening. The lawyer comes back and here\npeople from my cell said, \"You know what happened here?\" He said, \"Don't tell\nme. I know all about it.\" [We asked,] \"What do you know?\" [He said,] \"Drucker .\n. . that found that he smoked. I know all about it. I ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32185/file/100914#t=3240.0,3270.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32185/file/100914/transcript/20875/annotation/110","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"was . . .\" He says to me,\n\"You can thank G-d that the Schwarze wasn't there and Zimmermann was in charge.\nWe were sitting there talking and Zimmermann had a guest there from the village,\nfrom a church. He had a guest there when the men came to report that I had been\nfound smoking. They tried to say what ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32185/file/100914#t=3270.0,3300.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32185/file/100914/transcript/20875/annotation/111","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"a big deal it is that a young fellow . . .\nhe had taken a puff.\" They [the visiting clergy and the lawyer] made a joke out\nof it. He said to me, \"Thank G-d you were very lucky that Zimmermann was in\ncharge. We--the clergy and I--[jokingly said], 'That is a crime . . . what he\ndid there.' ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32185/file/100914#t=3300.0,3330.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32185/file/100914/transcript/20875/annotation/112","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Finally,\" he said, \"Zimmermann also smiled.\" That's why nothing\nhappened to me. But the next day, I was called out for a penalty, which was\ncalled . . . it's a German word, Scheisskuchentragen [German: to wear shit\ncake]. What it was . . . they had outside ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32185/file/100914#t=3330.0,3360.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32185/file/100914/transcript/20875/annotation/113","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"toilets. Outside . . . a big row and\nthere were all these big cases underneath. The men were sitting up and [down\nthe] row. What we had to do . . . the penalty was you had to carry these . . .\nthese were very heavy cases, very thick, and the handle . . . there was a handle\non ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32185/file/100914#t=3360.0,3390.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32185/file/100914/transcript/20875/annotation/114","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"each side, but it was not a handle where you could put your hand. It was so\nthick that you could only . . . you could not get your hands around it . . . to\nmake it difficult. We had to go lift this up and run with it a certain distance,\ndump it out, and run back again. That was the penalty. It was a ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32185/file/100914#t=3390.0,3420.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32185/file/100914/transcript/20875/annotation/115","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"thousand times\nbetter than to be in the bunker, but it was bad enough. I fell not, thank G-d. I\ngot over it and finished. I was very lucky. When I was there in ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32185/file/100914#t=3420.0,3450.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32185/file/100914/transcript/20875/annotation/116","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"prison, when I\nwas in that camp, I always figured, I always hoped, maybe someday you will be\nreleased. I said, \"My G-d, if I am released, I will get out of Germany, of\ncourse! But how will I make a living?\" Then I remembered 'old man Gerber.'\nGerber was an old ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32185/file/100914#t=3450.0,3480.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32185/file/100914/transcript/20875/annotation/117","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"man in Flatow. He was a peddler. He had a son--Frietel was his\nname--who died very young. Mr. Gerber had lost his son. Mr. Gerber, he used to\ngo to the villages around Flatow. He was selling work pants. That was his\nbusiness. His ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32185/file/100914#t=3480.0,3510.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32185/file/100914/transcript/20875/annotation/118","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"son, Frietel--he was a step higher. He sold material for men's\nsuits because at that time you didn't buy a ready-made suit. That was junk. You\nbuy the material, you go to your tailor, and had the suit made. He was in that\nbusiness. Mr. Gerber, he took a liking to me. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32185/file/100914#t=3510.0,3540.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32185/file/100914/transcript/20875/annotation/119","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Whenever he saw me, [he'd say,]\n\"Come here,\" and he told me stories. You always came back to the stores when he\nsold his merchandise and how it was, this and that. There was always, \"Don't be\nlazy! Don't be discouraged! You keep going and going. They say, 'No,' and you go\nto the next house: 'No,' and 'No, no.' ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32185/file/100914#t=3540.0,3570.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32185/file/100914/transcript/20875/annotation/120","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Don't get discouraged and don't be lazy.\nKeep going and you will sell your merchandise.\" This was always the whole part\nof his story. I remembered that and I figured, \"Maybe that will help me when I'm\ngetting out of Germany.\"\n\nDRAKER: One day we ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32185/file/100914#t=3570.0,3600.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32185/file/100914/transcript/20875/annotation/121","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"come back from the camp after having worked there. Some\nbuddies of mine . . . one fellow, he came running and jumped on me. He says,\n\"Hans, your name has been called!\" I said, \"What? It can't be! No!\" He said,\n\"Yes! Your name has been called! Karl also heard ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32185/file/100914#t=3600.0,3630.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32185/file/100914/transcript/20875/annotation/122","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"it.\" The 'name has been called'\nmeans they always had certain people that were released and that 'name was\ncalled.' He says the name has been called--my name has been called. This was . .\n. it was heaven for me. That night, there was nothing I could do to ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32185/file/100914#t=3630.0,3660.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32185/file/100914/transcript/20875/annotation/123","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"verify it,\nbut I tell you: I did not sleep one minute that night. If that is true, then I\nget home again, get out. Next morning, I went to the sergeant, who was standing\nat attention there, waiting. \"What do you want? What's your name?\" \"No,\" I said.\n[He asked,] ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32185/file/100914#t=3660.0,3690.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32185/file/100914/transcript/20875/annotation/124","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\"Yes?\" I said, \"I understand, sir, that my name has been called.\"\n[He asked,] \"What is your name?\" \"My name is Hans Drucker.\" I was standing at\nattention. [He said,] \"Yes, you're going home. You will be released today. Get\nready.\" This was ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32185/file/100914#t=3690.0,3720.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32185/file/100914/transcript/20875/annotation/125","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"wonderful. [He said,] \"Come back here in an hour from now. You\nhave to sign some papers.\" I had to sign a paper, number one, that I had not\nbeen mistreated [and] another paper that I would not return to Flatow, Germany,\nwhere our properties were, and that I would leave Germany. Of course, I signed\nthat all ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32185/file/100914#t=3720.0,3750.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32185/file/100914/transcript/20875/annotation/126","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and I was released. We were 10 [or] 12 men. We were released. We\nmarched to the next railroad station. We were elated with joy because we were\nfree. We laughed and we sang and G-d knows . . . to get out of the camp!\n\nKENT: What was the date?\n\nDRAKER: That was ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32185/file/100914#t=3750.0,3780.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32185/file/100914/transcript/20875/annotation/127","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"April 17, 1934. A date that I will never forget. We come to the\nrailroad station and we take the train. There were other people also going to\nBerlin. This is not also . . . in there [the book]. There were people who said,\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32185/file/100914#t=3780.0,3810.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32185/file/100914/transcript/20875/annotation/128","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\"Comrade, now 'Nun müsst du mitmachen!'\" [German: Now you need to join!] That\nmeans, \"Now you have to go with them! You have to go with the new government!\nComrade, Nun müsst du mitmachen.\" 'Mitmachen' means 'to go the same way, to be\nalso a Nazi.' They said that to me. There was especially one, who was a ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32185/file/100914#t=3810.0,3840.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32185/file/100914/transcript/20875/annotation/129","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"higher\nofficer from the German government . . .\n\nKENT: You would have to become a Nazi, too?\n\nDRAKER: I'm sorry?\n\nKENT: Who was supposed to join them and become one of them? You would have to?\n\nDRAKER: No. This man said . . . if he was freed and he was . . . he had been in\nmy cell. He was a Prominenten. He belonged ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32185/file/100914#t=3840.0,3870.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32185/file/100914/transcript/20875/annotation/130","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"to the German previous government\nthat was arrested and was in prison.\n\nKENT: [He said] that he would have to join them?\n\nDRAKER: He said, \"Comrade, now you have to mitmachen.\" Mitmachen means you have\nto go with them. \"That's the only way. Nun müsst du mitmachen.\" That was his\nattitude. I . . . it was not I . . . I wouldn't have to ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32185/file/100914#t=3870.0,3900.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32185/file/100914/transcript/20875/annotation/131","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"mitmachen because I'm a\nJew . . . but he said to me, \"Jetzt müsst du mitmachen.\" [German: Now you need\nto join!] We came to Berlin. I called my mother from the railroad station and\ntold her that I was free. You can imagine how wonderful it was for her. My\nfather was still in prison. He was not home yet. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32185/file/100914#t=3900.0,3930.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32185/file/100914/transcript/20875/annotation/132","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I stayed six days with her in\nBerlin. Fortunately, I had a passport. When I was 18 years old, I had heard,\n[with a] passport, you can go . . . into a foreign country or . . . not that I\nhad the idea of going somewhere, but a young kid . . . I wanted to have a\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32185/file/100914#t=3930.0,3960.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32185/file/100914/transcript/20875/annotation/133","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"passport. I got myself a passport when I was 18 years old. That was wonderful\nfor me now. Now I had a passport. I had to go to the police station to tell them\nthat I'm leaving Germany . . . to my precinct in Berlin . . . that I'm leaving\nGermany tomorrow. I report that I'm ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32185/file/100914#t=3960.0,3990.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32185/file/100914/transcript/20875/annotation/134","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"leaving. I had to sign some papers there. I\ndon't know what it was. They took my passport and, on the last page, they wrote,\n\"Der Visum erlaubt es 10 Marks.\" [German: The visa allows 10 Marks.] That means,\n\"I am permitted to take out of Germany 10 Marks.\" I took the 10 Marks and ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32185/file/100914#t=3990.0,4020.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32185/file/100914/transcript/20875/annotation/135","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I left\nby train. I went to . . . what is it? Right next to . . .\n\nEINSTEIN: Did you go north or did you go south?\n\nDRAKER: That would be southwest.\n\nEINSTEIN: ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32185/file/100914#t=4020.0,4050.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32185/file/100914/transcript/20875/annotation/136","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Belgium?\n\nKENT: You went to another country or another city?\n\nDRAKER: Yes. The next . . .\n\nKENT: Netherlands? Belgium?\n\nEINSTEIN: Netherlands? Holland?\n\nDRAKER: Holland! No, I went through Holland to . . . Belgium. Belgium it was. I\nwent to Belgium. Why did I go to Belgium? Ani's father, who had that ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32185/file/100914#t=4050.0,4080.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32185/file/100914/transcript/20875/annotation/137","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"newspaper .\n. . they took away the newspaper. He died . . . Ani had a brother by the name of\nFritz. He fled Germany. He went to Belgium. He went . . . not to Brussels, to\nAnvers. I think the Germans . . . not the German Jew, but the ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32185/file/100914#t=4080.0,4110.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32185/file/100914/transcript/20875/annotation/138","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"German . . .\ndidn't need the visa for Beligum. I went to Belgium because Fritz was there. His\nmother told me, \"Go. Fritz is there.\" I had a passport, which was a wonderful\nthing . . . that I had a passport. I went to ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32185/file/100914#t=4110.0,4140.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32185/file/100914/transcript/20875/annotation/139","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Belgium. I met Fritz. I stayed the\nnight in his room. He had a furnished room. He told me, \"Look, there are very\nwealthy Jewish people here. They are in the diamond business. They help us and\nthere's a committee here. You go to the ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32185/file/100914#t=4140.0,4170.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32185/file/100914/transcript/20875/annotation/140","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"committee and then they give you a name.\nYou go to these people and speak to the wife. They will tell you what they need\n. . . like two-dozen eggs . . . this and that. Maybe that will amount to $10.\nThen they will give you $20 and say, 'Just keep the change. Don't bring the\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32185/file/100914#t=4170.0,4200.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32185/file/100914/transcript/20875/annotation/141","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"change back.' That's how they help us here.\" The committee . . . he gave me the\naddress. I said, \"All right, I will go to the committee.\" I go there. I tell\nthem I'm a refugee from Germany, I have been in a concentration camp, and I was\nreleased. This ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32185/file/100914#t=4200.0,4230.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32185/file/100914/transcript/20875/annotation/142","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"guy says to me, \"What? You were in a concentration camp? Why?\nWhat did you do? Why did they put you in a concentration camp?\" I thought . . .\nI figured, \"You son of a bitch! You don't you know what's going on in Germany!\"\nI walked out. I figured . . . I was insulted: \"Why, what have you done?\" I ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32185/file/100914#t=4230.0,4260.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32185/file/100914/transcript/20875/annotation/143","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"go .\n. . I figure now Mr. Gerber . . . old man Gerber . . . I have to do something, I\nhave to earn a living. I had 10 Marks. I was holding onto it. I ate dry bread! I\nfigured, \"Okay, I go.\" I find out where there's a wholesaler of materials. I go\nthere and I tell him, \"Look,\" I ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32185/file/100914#t=4260.0,4290.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32185/file/100914/transcript/20875/annotation/144","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"tell him my story, \"I was in the concentration\ncamp. I got out and I have to earn a living somehow. I want to sell material.\"\nHe said, \"Yes, of course you can do that. I will help you. You know about\nmaterial?\" I said, \"No, I don't know anything. I was in the grain business.\" He\nsaid, \"Look, you ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32185/file/100914#t=4290.0,4320.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32185/file/100914/transcript/20875/annotation/145","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"need three meters. Three meters for a regular man. [For] a\nheavy man, you need three-twenty. Take a blue suit . . . everybody likes a blue\nsuit . . . Go to the offices where the employees are and try to sell it.\" I\nsaid, \"How much does it ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32185/file/100914#t=4320.0,4350.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32185/file/100914/transcript/20875/annotation/146","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"cost if I take a blue suit?\" He says, \"For you . . . \"\nIt was like $3. I don't remember the currency anymore from there. I figured\neverything now in dollars. When I left [Germany], the 10 Marks . . . by that\ntime, 10 Marks were exactly $4. It was . . . $2.50 was a Mark. The dollar cost\n$2.50 at that time. Prior . . . I wanted to tell you more about ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32185/file/100914#t=4350.0,4380.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32185/file/100914/transcript/20875/annotation/147","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"when the\ninflation was. We had big . . . what do you call it?\n\nKENT: Wheelbarrow?\n\nDRAKER: Yes. They put the money in there. The money was hundreds of thousands,\nmillions and millions. It was a huge . . . with paper money. We brought it back\nto the bank there to get ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32185/file/100914#t=4380.0,4410.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32185/file/100914/transcript/20875/annotation/148","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"rid of all that small money and get current money. This\nis . . . because you mentioned the inflation . . . but that was before . . . He\nsays, \"Yes.\" I say, \"How much is a retail price for you for this material here?\"\nHe says, \"Between . . . ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32185/file/100914#t=4410.0,4440.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32185/file/100914/transcript/20875/annotation/149","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"$7 and $9.\" I figured everything in dollars. At the\ntime, maybe it was the currency there, but I don't remember the . . . currency\nanymore. It was between $7 and $9. I say, \"Okay.\" He says, \"Go to these offices.\nThen you also can go to apartment buildings. Go in there, knock on the door, and\nsay, 'I ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32185/file/100914#t=4440.0,4470.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32185/file/100914/transcript/20875/annotation/150","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"have this to sell . . . \" He helped me. He told me how to do this\nbusiness. \"Thank you.\" I took one material. The next day I go . . . he said,\n\"offices.\" I go out there to a business place. I go to an office. There was a\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32185/file/100914#t=4470.0,4500.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32185/file/100914/transcript/20875/annotation/151","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"foreign consulate. I think it was Egyptian if I'm not mistaken, but I don't\nremember what it was. It was a foreign. There was a young fellow who opened the\ndoor. I said, in my school French, \"Material, suit,\" or whatever. [He asked,]\n\"What are you talking about?\" I take the [fabric out] . . . he looks ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32185/file/100914#t=4500.0,4530.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32185/file/100914/transcript/20875/annotation/152","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and [asks,]\n\"You want to sell this?\" \"Yes, I want to sell that. Yes.\" [He said,] \"Wait a\nminute. Wait.\" He took the spare and went in. He came back with three of his\ncolleagues. They all were now there. \"All right, how much you want?\" [they\nasked]. I said . . . I think I said nine, the equivalent of ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32185/file/100914#t=4530.0,4560.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32185/file/100914/transcript/20875/annotation/153","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"$9.\" [They said,]\n\"No, it's too much.\" They bargained. At that time in Europe, it was always\nbargaining. You asked for more, they offer you less. I sold for $6.50, but it\ncost me $3. They received four . . . it cost me $3, what it cost me . . . yes,\nthree times ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32185/file/100914#t=4560.0,4590.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32185/file/100914/transcript/20875/annotation/154","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"four is 12. It must have been $3 what he said. I sold it for $6.50.\nThat's right. He gave me the money, I gave him the material, and I say, \"I have\ntwo more. I have another material--blue and then one in ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32185/file/100914#t=4590.0,4620.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32185/file/100914/transcript/20875/annotation/155","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"grey.\" I didn't have it,\nbut I guess . . . \"But I don't have it here.\" [He said,] \"Come back tomorrow.\nThank you. Goodbye.\" Now I'm in business! My G-d! They want more! Now I brought\ntwo more materials. I went and they bought . . . them. That's all. That evening,\nI come back to Fritz. I say, ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32185/file/100914#t=4620.0,4650.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32185/file/100914/transcript/20875/annotation/156","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\"Fritz, I'm in business now. Never mind your\norganization there. I don't want to have any dealings [with] that idiot. He\nasked me why I was in the concentration camp. I am in business now. Help me to\nget a furnished room like you have a furnished room.\" I got myself a furnished\nroom. I everyday went out and I did business. I ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32185/file/100914#t=4650.0,4680.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32185/file/100914/transcript/20875/annotation/157","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"earned money. I always changed\nmy money because the name 'dollar' . . . that was heaven. I know what had\nhappened to the Mark. I changed always into dollars. I worked there for a number\nof weeks. I don't know how long it was. One day I get a letter from the\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32185/file/100914#t=4680.0,4710.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32185/file/100914/transcript/20875/annotation/158","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"committee in . . . Belgium, in Anvers, and I should come to visit them. I go\nthere. He says to me, \"We have received a permit for you to go to ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32185/file/100914#t=4710.0,4740.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32185/file/100914/transcript/20875/annotation/159","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Palestine.\" My\nbrother had arranged that. Did I say before that my brother had been sent to\n[Palestine]? As a matter of fact, they had opened the . . . they had ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32185/file/100914#t=4740.0,4770.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32185/file/100914/transcript/20875/annotation/160","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"made an\noffice, not as dentists but as the people who work for the dentists . . .\n\nEINSTEIN: A technician or a hygienist?\n\nDRAKER: No, they . . . that's an organization. They produce . . . they make the\nteeth and they make the . . .\n\nKENT: Dentures and such?\n\nDRAKER: Yes, dentures and everything. They had opened an office and were in\nbusiness ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32185/file/100914#t=4770.0,4800.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32185/file/100914/transcript/20875/annotation/161","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"because Harry as well as Ani were . . . they knew the business. They\njust could not get the . . . they just couldn't graduate. They had been thrown out.\n\nKENT: You had permission to go to Palestine?\n\nDRAKER: Yes. [They said,] \"You have permission to go to Palestine.\" I ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32185/file/100914#t=4800.0,4830.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32185/file/100914/transcript/20875/annotation/162","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"say,\n\"Yes.\" [They said,] \"Your brother has arranged that you can go to Palestine . .\n. but you have to take your wife along.\" I said, \"I'm not married. I have no\nwife.\" He said, \"No, never mind that. We give you a wife.\" I said, \"You give me\na wife? No, thank you! A girlfriend, yes, but not a wife!\" . . . [He agreed,]\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32185/file/100914#t=4830.0,4860.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32185/file/100914/transcript/20875/annotation/163","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\"All right, no wife. We will help you with the ticket.\" I figured . . . to go to\na country where I will be permitted to work, to take employment where my brother\nis . . . They gave me a ticket because . . . I forgot this: I always had in mind\nI wanted to go to America. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32185/file/100914#t=4860.0,4890.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32185/file/100914/transcript/20875/annotation/164","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"This was when I left Germany. I wanted to go to\nAmerica, but . . . the American consulate--like everybody . . . there were\nthousands of Jews who wanted a visa that couldn't get it because they gave out\nnumbers. A number would come up maybe in four and six years. I knew that. My\nparents also had that. Everybody had that. That was nothing. You ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32185/file/100914#t=4890.0,4920.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32185/file/100914/transcript/20875/annotation/165","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"couldn't get to\nAmerica. I figured . . . what are my chances to get to America? Here, I said, \"I\naccept.\" He says, \"All right, come back on so-and-so when you are ready.\" I had\nmet a ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32185/file/100914#t=4920.0,4950.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32185/file/100914/transcript/20875/annotation/166","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"man who was in the jewelry business. He was a manufacturer. I figured . .\n. I go to him. I talk to him. I say, \"Listen, I will go to Palestine. Maybe I\ncan do some business there for you. How can we make a connection?\" He says,\n\"I'll tell you what. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32185/file/100914#t=4950.0,4980.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32185/file/100914/transcript/20875/annotation/167","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"You should take some merchandise along.\" I said, \"I don't\nhave much money.\" I took all my loose money that I had [and] I gave it to him. I\nbought . . . it was exactly at that time . . . watchcases--not the watch, the\ncase. It was a platinum, I believe, white ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32185/file/100914#t=4980.0,5010.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32185/file/100914/transcript/20875/annotation/168","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"gold, and it had little diamonds. I\nhad, what was it . . . I think three or four of that . . . had bought that from\nhim. I said, \"If I . . . in Palestine, maybe I can work for you there.\" [He\nsaid,] \"All right.\" I had this connection. I ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32185/file/100914#t=5010.0,5040.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32185/file/100914/transcript/20875/annotation/169","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"came [back to the committee and\nsaid], \"I am ready to go to Palestine now.\" They gave me a ticket that was via\nFrance. I came through Paris. When I arrived there, I saw there was a jewelry\nstore. I went there. I figured I'd show off one of my watchcases. They look at\nit. \"How much you want?\" I said, \"I ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32185/file/100914#t=5040.0,5070.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32185/file/100914/transcript/20875/annotation/170","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"don't know how much.\" They bought it. I made\ntriple what it cost me. I figured, 'Wonderful. The others I will save myself for\nPalestine.' I had two more and I was in . . . came to Palestine. These two cases\nI sold to a jewelry store there . . . an Arab--he was a nice fellow. At that\ntime, there were many ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32185/file/100914#t=5070.0,5100.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32185/file/100914/transcript/20875/annotation/171","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Arabs. They were . . . there was no problems with the Jews\nand Arabs in . . . what is the city . . .\n\nEINSTEIN: Haifa?\n\nDRAKER: Not Haifa. The . . .\n\nKENT: Tel Aviv?\n\nEINSTEIN: Rishon L'Tzion?\n\nDRAKER: No, the big city.\n\nEINSTEIN: Jerusalem?\n\nDRAKER: Jerusalem. You see, this is 92 years in this. [points to head] I don't\nhave to tell you what it ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32185/file/100914#t=5100.0,5130.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32185/file/100914/transcript/20875/annotation/172","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"is.\n\nKENT: About what year was all this?\n\nDRAKER: This was in 1934 . . . Yes.\n\nEINSTEIN: How did you get into Palestine with the British closing off immigration?\n\nDRAKER: I just told you, my brother had arranged . . . They had sent an\naffidavit, papers to this committee . . . ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32185/file/100914#t=5130.0,5160.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32185/file/100914/transcript/20875/annotation/173","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"in Belgium. Then they called me and\nsaid, \"You can go to Palestine.\" They had the permit. They had a permit for me.\n\nKENT: Was your father still in prison at that point?\n\nDRAKER: When I was in Germany, he was still in prison. But in the meantime there\nwas . . . a Jew in France who had shot a member of the German ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32185/file/100914#t=5160.0,5190.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32185/file/100914/transcript/20875/annotation/174","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"consulate. You\nknow that?\n\nKENT: 'Grynszpan' or something like that?\n\nDRAKER: I don't remember his name. That day, they arrested all Jews in Germany\nthat they could find. Now at that time, my father had been released from the\nprison. He was a short time together ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32185/file/100914#t=5190.0,5220.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32185/file/100914/transcript/20875/annotation/175","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"with my mother in our apartment. He was a\nvolunteer worker for the committee, because in Germany there was 'Hilfe für ein\nDeutsche Juden' [German: Help for a German Jew]. I don't know . . . do you speak\nGerman, one of you? Anyway, 'Hilfe für ein' means an organization to help Jews.\nIt was called 'Hilfe für ein Deutsche Juden.' ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32185/file/100914#t=5220.0,5250.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32185/file/100914/transcript/20875/annotation/176","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"He had worked for them, so he was\nknown there. When this happened, when this Jewish man shot that man in France\nand they arrested all . . . you know what they did then with all the Jews. Any\nJew they could find they arrested. My father was arrested on the street. He was\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32185/file/100914#t=5250.0,5280.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32185/file/100914/transcript/20875/annotation/177","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"put into the camp . . . outside Berlin was the camp . . .\n\nKENT: Sachsenhausen?\n\nDRAKER: Sachsenhausen, yes. Sachsenhausen, outside Berlin. They put him in that\ncamp. He died there. He died in that camp. Then I received a notice through the\nRed Cross from my ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32185/file/100914#t=5280.0,5310.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32185/file/100914/transcript/20875/annotation/178","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"mother that our beloved father has passed away. [She wrote,]\n\"I have been called to pick up his ashes from there for 10 Marks.\" She had to go\nthere to pick up his ashes and pay 10 Marks for that. She informed me through\nthe Red Cross. I got a notice . . . it's written on there, ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32185/file/100914#t=5310.0,5340.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32185/file/100914/transcript/20875/annotation/179","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"part of it . . . that\nmy father had died. My mother was at the apartment. Now I am in Palestine with\nmy brother . . . I stayed with Ani and my brother. I got a job. As a matter of\nfact, I worked for Machlavah Hekeniah [sp], was ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32185/file/100914#t=5340.0,5370.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32185/file/100914/transcript/20875/annotation/180","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"the name. That was a Jewish\ndairy. There were two big dairies in Palestine at that time. There was the\nMachlavah Hekeniah, and then the bigger one . . .\n\nEINSTEIN: Tnuva?\n\nDRAKER: Tnuva, yes. They were the biggest. They were . . . as a matter of fact,\nthey were German Jews that had opened ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32185/file/100914#t=5370.0,5400.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32185/file/100914/transcript/20875/annotation/181","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that dairy. I had a driver's license\nbecause, when I was 16 years in Germany--if your father would guarantee for\nyou--you could get a driver's license. My father had a car and for me, the car\nand the chauffeur that he had. He didn't drive, but he had a chauffeur. I was\nalways hanging out with the chauffeur, with the car. When I was ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32185/file/100914#t=5400.0,5430.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32185/file/100914/transcript/20875/annotation/182","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"16, I was\npermitted to get the driving test. I had a driver's license. When I came to\nPalestine, it was rather easy for me. Number one, I knew how to drive. Number\ntwo, it helped me and I got immediately the license. Now for the dairy, they\nneeded someone who drove his car, a little truck, a small ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32185/file/100914#t=5430.0,5460.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32185/file/100914/transcript/20875/annotation/183","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"truck, to put all the\nmilk and the dairy product and the cheese and all that. They had many little\nstores all over Jerusalem. You had to bring every day the merchandise there, and\ngive them the merchandise, and take out the empty bottles, and then bring it\nback to the factory. I had the driver's license and I worked now for this\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32185/file/100914#t=5460.0,5490.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32185/file/100914/transcript/20875/annotation/184","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Machlavah Hekeniah. There was another German-Jewish boy--he worked inside. We\nbecame good friends. He worked inside and I worked outside. Then I had gone to\nTel Aviv. I had a different job in Tel Aviv. One day I came back to ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32185/file/100914#t=5490.0,5520.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32185/file/100914/transcript/20875/annotation/185","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Jerusalem\nagain and whom do I meet? My friend Ezra . . . with whom [I] worked in the\nMachlavah Hekeniah, too. He said to me, \"You know, Hans, my ambition was I\nwanted to be able to buy a truck. I wanted to transport machinery from one city\nto the other. I can't do it. I ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32185/file/100914#t=5520.0,5550.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32185/file/100914/transcript/20875/annotation/186","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"cannot get that license. I've tried three times\nnow and I've flunked every time. You have a license. I know you have a license.\nWe should go in business 50/50 . . . Listen, yes, we buy a truck.\" I said to\nhim, \"Ezra, I have no money to buy a truck.\" \"Never mind that! I have relatives\nhere! They help me. We go 50/50.\" I say, \"What do you ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32185/file/100914#t=5550.0,5580.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32185/file/100914/transcript/20875/annotation/187","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"mean, 50/50?\" [He said,]\n\"50 percent belongs to you, and 50 percent belongs to me.\" I said, \"What about\nthe truck?\" [He said,] \"50/50.\" I said, \"That is very nice. If you want to do\nthat, okay. I'm with you. We buy a truck.\" We bought at that time . . . I\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32185/file/100914#t=5580.0,5610.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32185/file/100914/transcript/20875/annotation/188","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"believe the name of the truck was . . . I forgot again. Anyway, we bought a\nBritish truck because in Britain, the British dump truck was permitted to have\nheavier weights than all the others to transport. That's why we took the English\ntruck. I wrote in here [the book] the name, but now I don't remember the name of\nthe name of the truck anymore.\n\nWe were ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32185/file/100914#t=5610.0,5640.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32185/file/100914/transcript/20875/annotation/189","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"working on that. For a while, we were working. We didn't make much money\nbut we made a living. One day, Ezra comes and he says, \"I got the license now. I\ngot the driver's license now.\" I said, \"Then you don't ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32185/file/100914#t=5640.0,5670.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32185/file/100914/transcript/20875/annotation/190","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"need me anymore,\"\njokingly. He didn't answer. I thought, \"Oh, my G-d.\" He says, \"Why? Would you\nwant to get out of the partnership?\" I said, \"If you want to, why not? Sure.\"\n[Ezra said,] \"I would give you . . . if you want to buy [sell me] your share, I\nwould give you . . . \" I ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32185/file/100914#t=5670.0,5700.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32185/file/100914/transcript/20875/annotation/191","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"still don't remember the amount, but I figured it was a\nvery decent amount considering the fact that I didn't pay a penny when he bought\nthe truck. I said, \"Ezra, let's think it over. We'll meet tomorrow morning. I\ntell you.\" He says, \"Okay.\" The next morning, we met. In the meantime, I had met\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32185/file/100914#t=5700.0,5730.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32185/file/100914/transcript/20875/annotation/192","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"two American tourists who were in Palestine. I had met . . . I always had this\nwish to go to America. I met these two fellows. They talked about America. [I\ntold Ezra,] \"I always wanted but you can't get to America. It is so difficult.\"\nHe said, \"If you want ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32185/file/100914#t=5730.0,5760.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32185/file/100914/transcript/20875/annotation/193","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"to, I buy you out.\" I couldn't get these two boys out of\nmy mind--these two from America who spoke to me about America and reminded me\nthat I wanted so badly to go to America. I said, \"Maybe this is the right time\nto go try.\" I left. That ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32185/file/100914#t=5760.0,5790.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32185/file/100914/transcript/20875/annotation/194","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"was the last job that I had. I had other jobs, but\nthat's not important.\n\nKENT: How did your mother get along after your father died?\n\nDRAKER: She was in the apartment . . . she was in the apartment and, as a matter\nof fact, she had rented out a room from our apartment to a young student. I\ndon't ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32185/file/100914#t=5790.0,5820.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32185/file/100914/transcript/20875/annotation/195","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"remember now the name of the country . . . He was the son of wealthy\npeople . . . in a different country, on the ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32185/file/100914#t=5820.0,5850.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32185/file/100914/transcript/20875/annotation/196","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"west coast . . .\n\nEINSTEIN: The west coast has got . . . Holland?\n\nKENT: Luxembourg? Netherlands?\n\nDRAKER: No. That was not in Europe. He was in Europe, yes. From Berlin . . .\nfrom Germany . . . not Netherlands . . . No, the . . .\n\nEINSTEIN: England? Spain?\n\nDRAKER: Along the coast.\n\nKENT: ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32185/file/100914#t=5850.0,5880.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32185/file/100914/transcript/20875/annotation/197","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Portugal? Spain?\n\nDRAKER: No. Up . . .\n\nKENT: France?\n\nDRAKER: No, way up . . . north.\n\nEINSTEIN: Is it one of the Scandinavian countries?\n\nKENT: Denmark?\n\nDRAKER: Yes, Denmark. There are three . . .\n\nEINSTEIN: Switzerland?\n\nDRAKER: Switzerland, no. There was . . .\n\nEINSTEIN: Finland?\n\nDRAKER: Finland and further up . . .\n\nEINSTEIN: Norway?\n\nDRAKER: Norway, right. I think he was from Norway. He was a ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32185/file/100914#t=5880.0,5910.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32185/file/100914/transcript/20875/annotation/198","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"student.\n\nDRAKER: Norway, yes. There were three countries. I know them all because I\ntraveled them later on, all over the world now. He was there and he had this one\nroom from in my mother's apartment. He felt very well. He was very well taken\ncare of in my mother's ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32185/file/100914#t=5910.0,5940.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32185/file/100914/transcript/20875/annotation/199","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"apartment. One day he came home with a newspaper from the\n. . . Nazi newspaper . . . and they thought, \"How can you?\" My mother told him,\n\"How can you buy this dirt?\" [He said,] \"I just . . .\" He was not against the\nJews. She had made an ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32185/file/100914#t=5940.0,5970.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32185/file/100914/transcript/20875/annotation/200","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"arrangement with him. She had jewelry from my father and\nher jewelry. She said, \"If something happens here to me, please send this\njewelry to my son who is in . . . \" At that time, I was not yet in Palestine. He\ndid that later. He had sent it. My brother got the ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32185/file/100914#t=5970.0,6000.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32185/file/100914/transcript/20875/annotation/201","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"jewelry. I got also part of\nit, but he got most of it. But that's immaterial . . .\n\nKENT: I was asking how your mother went on.\n\nDRAKER: Yes. My mother was there and now I was in America. I had gotten into\nAmerica, which is a long story . . . how I got into ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32185/file/100914#t=6000.0,6030.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32185/file/100914/transcript/20875/annotation/202","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"America. Shall I tell you?\nThat's a long story.\n\nKENT: Sure--a brief version.\n\nDRAKER: You have it right in here [the book].\n\nKENT: If it's in there . . . where did you arrive?\n\nDRAKER: I left ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32185/file/100914#t=6030.0,6060.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32185/file/100914/transcript/20875/annotation/203","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Jerusalem and I went to the Arab countries. By then I had known .\n. . I had learned in Belgium how to sell material. That was a good way to make\nmoney. I went to the Arabian countries nearby. I did ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32185/file/100914#t=6060.0,6090.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32185/file/100914/transcript/20875/annotation/204","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"business there. Then there\nwas trouble. They had a revolution. Then I figured, \"I go to Europe now.\" As a\nmatter of fact, in Jerusalem there was a fellow--Egyptian--he was working for\nthe Egyptian consulate. I was friendly with him. He always invited me to come to\nvisit him. I went there. One day, I was there and I see he had a bunch of\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32185/file/100914#t=6090.0,6120.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32185/file/100914/transcript/20875/annotation/205","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"passports laying there. I figured . . . he went out and I was alone. I said, \"My\nG-d, he has all these passports!\" but, no. I wouldn't take one, I didn't take\none. I had that friend. I went to Egypt. I worked in Egypt. I was at Cairo\n[Egypt]. From Cairo, I went to Alexandria [Egypt] at the ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32185/file/100914#t=6120.0,6150.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32185/file/100914/transcript/20875/annotation/206","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"coast. When I . . .\nleft Belgium, [I] went through France. Then I came to, on the wasser [German:\nwater] . . . on the boat. The boat stopped in Alexandria, in . . . what is it\nnow? ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32185/file/100914#t=6150.0,6180.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32185/file/100914/transcript/20875/annotation/207","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Alexandria is the second biggest city (except Cairo) and I stopped there. A\nman came on board who sold one-day tickets . . . visas . . . one-day visas to go\nashore and to see Alexandria. Many people and I wanted to . . . [I said,] \"Sure,\nI want to see Alexandria, Egypt. I want to see that.\" I ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32185/file/100914#t=6180.0,6210.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32185/file/100914/transcript/20875/annotation/208","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"bought the ticket. In\nthe meantime, I had met a girl there on board of the ship. We were on the way to\nPalestine. I say, \"Come on, we go to see Alexandria.\" She says, \"No, that costs\n$2. I'm not going to pay $2.\" To dollars was a fortune. \"I'm not going to pay\n$2! I stay onboard!\" I said, \"What's $2? Let me see what I can do.\" I ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32185/file/100914#t=6210.0,6240.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32185/file/100914/transcript/20875/annotation/209","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"go to this\nman and I say, \"Listen, there's a girl here, she cannot afford the $2. Couldn't\nyou give her a visa free?\" He says to me, \"Do you know the girl?\" I said, \"Yes,\nI know her.\" [He said,] \"Bring her here.\" I got to her . . . I don't even\nremember her name . . . I say, \"Come! Come with me! Bring your passport!\" We had\nto give him the passport. He gave you then a visa for ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32185/file/100914#t=6240.0,6270.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32185/file/100914/transcript/20875/annotation/210","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"one day. I brought them to\nthis [man]. He gave her the passport . . . the visa, for free. You can imagine\nhow I was a hero in her eyes! This girl . . . we went ashore ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32185/file/100914#t=6270.0,6300.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32185/file/100914/transcript/20875/annotation/211","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and . . . we came\nback and we went to Palestine. Then I was in Palestine. One day when I was in\nAmerica--in New York--I was invited . . . I had some friends, a number of\nfriends in New York and I was ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32185/file/100914#t=6300.0,6330.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32185/file/100914/transcript/20875/annotation/212","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"invited to Erich for dinner in the evening. I went\nthere [and] there was another couple sitting . . . I see I should tell the other\nstory first. Yes, that's where I have to go back. This girl . . . I figured this\nman would to say to me, \"If it's a friend of yours, why don't you pay for her?\"\nNo, he said, \"Bring her here.\" He gave her the ticket ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32185/file/100914#t=6330.0,6360.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32185/file/100914/transcript/20875/annotation/213","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and . . . now I was in\nEgypt on the way to Europe . . . I was staying at a hotel there. One day, a\nyoung fellow comes--Fred Silvan [sp] comes--and I meet him in the ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32185/file/100914#t=6360.0,6390.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32185/file/100914/transcript/20875/annotation/214","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"hotel. There\nwas also another German-Jewish boy, but he was the type where he was a\nprofessional refugee. He would go around: \"I'm a refugee\" and \"Could you help\nme?\" He didn't [do] very good. We didn't like him, but he was staying at that\nhotel, too. Fred had come on the way ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32185/file/100914#t=6390.0,6420.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32185/file/100914/transcript/20875/annotation/215","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"to . . . Fred was supposed to get married\nto . . . what was her name . . . Lilli [sp]. Lilli and her parents had gone.\nThey were now in America. They were in New York and Fred was in Palestine. They\nwanted to bring Fred over so that they can get married and stay in America. Fred\nwas on the boat. They ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32185/file/100914#t=6420.0,6450.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32185/file/100914/transcript/20875/annotation/216","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"had . . . given him the money or . . . they had arranged\nfor him to come to America. The boat stopped again in Alexandria. The man comes\non board to pay . . . to sell his visas for $2. Fred [said], \"Of course I want\nto see Alexandria!\" He goes ashore. Lined up there, the carriages to take the\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32185/file/100914#t=6450.0,6480.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32185/file/100914/transcript/20875/annotation/217","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"tourists. He took one of the carriages. He says, \"Listen, I have to be back here\nat five o'clock because my ship will leave. By five o'clock I have to be back!\"\n\"Okay, Okay,\" [they assured him]. They take him and go all around and around. He\nsaid, \"I have to get back now to the ship!\" He comes back. His ship had left.\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32185/file/100914#t=6480.0,6510.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32185/file/100914/transcript/20875/annotation/218","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Fortunately, this man there who gives out the ticket was there at the port. He\nsaid, \"Well?\" He [Fred] says, \"I couldn't . . . they didn't bring me back. I was\nnot here on time.\" He says, \"There's nothing you can do, but you can stay at my\nhotel.\" I didn't know at that time yet: The owner of the hotel, a Jew, was the\none who went, had a ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32185/file/100914#t=6510.0,6540.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32185/file/100914/transcript/20875/annotation/219","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"contract with the Egyptian government to give out one-day\nvisas. That was his business in addition to being the hotel owner. He says,\n\"Look, you can stay at my hotel. Now the next boat that comes on the line where\nyou have the ticket is one week from today. You have to stay one week here.\"\nFred came to the hotel. I met him there. We became ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32185/file/100914#t=6540.0,6570.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32185/file/100914/transcript/20875/annotation/220","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"friends. I worked during the\nday. I don't know what he did, but in the evening we used to go out and have a\ngood time and . . . went around in Alexandria. I was staying there. Then the\ntime came when the one week was up and now he had to leave again. Fred had said\nto me . . . he invited me and also the ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32185/file/100914#t=6570.0,6600.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32185/file/100914/transcript/20875/annotation/221","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"other refugee there from our hotel, \"We\ngo out tonight for celebrate tonight.\" I say, \"Okay.\" We go to a nightclub.\nThere's belly dancers and all that. [We] had a good time. Now it comes, it's\ntime to go home. Fred had invited us. I see Fred ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32185/file/100914#t=6600.0,6630.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32185/file/100914/transcript/20875/annotation/222","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Silvan look here, there, here\n[looking around]. I say, \"What's the matter, Fred? What?\" [He said,] \"I can't\nfind my billfold.\" \"Wait a minute.\" We had a search. His billfold is gone. I\nsaid, \"Don't worry. Don't worry, Fred. I pay the bill. Finished. That's all.\nForget about it.\" I paid the bill. We go back to the hotel ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32185/file/100914#t=6630.0,6660.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32185/file/100914/transcript/20875/annotation/223","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and Fred leaves. Now\nI am in New York and I'm invited at the Erich's son--he was married. They both\ndon't live anymore. They both died. I come to there and there was another\ncouple, whom I didn't know. I was introduced to ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32185/file/100914#t=6660.0,6690.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32185/file/100914/transcript/20875/annotation/224","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"them. I said, \"You know, you\nlook familiar.\" Fred said, \"Yes, you look familiar. Have you been in . . .\nPalestine?\" [I answered,] \"Yes, sure!\" [He asked,] \"What did you do?\" [We\nrealized that,] no, we didn't meet in Palestine. We tried this and that, Then he\nsaid, \"Have you ever ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32185/file/100914#t=6690.0,6720.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32185/file/100914/transcript/20875/annotation/225","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"been in Egypt?\" I said, \"Yes, sure.\" [He said,] \"In\nAlexandria?\" [I said,] \"Alexandria! Of course! Fred! Don't you know?\" That was\nFred Silvan. By now, he had come over and he'd gotten married. This was now a\ncouple of years later. We became very close friends: Fred, Erich's son, and I,\nand three ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32185/file/100914#t=6720.0,6750.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32185/file/100914/transcript/20875/annotation/226","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"couples.\n\nEINSTEIN: Now, wait a minute. Had you gotten married?\n\nDRAKER: I wasn't married. No, I was not married. I was not married yet . . .\nThen comes the story and what I did in America. First I was a traveling\nsalesman. Now I must ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32185/file/100914#t=6750.0,6780.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32185/file/100914/transcript/20875/annotation/227","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"say how . . . but that is in here [the book] . . . how I\ncame to America. That is in there.\n\nKENT: I'm wondering, how did your mother go on surviving in the 1930's? Was she\nin any danger?\n\nDRAKER: We hoped not. Yes, she was in danger. She was in the ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32185/file/100914#t=6780.0,6810.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32185/file/100914/transcript/20875/annotation/228","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"apartment. My\nfather had . . . was dead already. She still was in the apartment. Now there\ncame 1942, I believe it was. I was in America. I was drafted to the army [in\nNovember 1942] . . . I had a problem with my feet and back. When I was drafted,\nwe all had to ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32185/file/100914#t=6810.0,6840.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32185/file/100914/transcript/20875/annotation/229","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"go to the draft board. Everybody got a medical examination there,\n[to determine] whether we are qualified to be in the army. I was not qualified.\nThere was a whole group of people who were not qualified. We were standing there\n. . . We were standing here waiting to go home and in comes ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32185/file/100914#t=6840.0,6870.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32185/file/100914/transcript/20875/annotation/230","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"this sergeant in\nuniform. He says, \"Attention! Right face! Follow me!\" and took us in another\nroom. \"Raise your right arm! You swear allegiance to United States! You're in\nthe army now!\" I'm in the army, but we were limited service. I was in the army\nnow. I was in Camp Barkeley, Texas. I worked ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32185/file/100914#t=6870.0,6900.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32185/file/100914/transcript/20875/annotation/231","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"first in the post office and then\nin camp headquarters. I got a fantastic job. I was trained by a Jewish boy who\nhad been transferred. They knew they were losing him. They needed a replacement.\nHe had recommended that they call me. I was called and I learned the trade. I\nwas a classifications ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32185/file/100914#t=6900.0,6930.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32185/file/100914/transcript/20875/annotation/232","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"specialist. It was a nice position.\n\nKENT: What was the attitude of Americans towards you as a German?\n\nDRAKER: As a German in the army?\n\nKENT: In the United States.\n\nDRAKER: In the United States in the army? There were Jewish boys there. They\nkept together. We were accepted, yes, but we were not . . . the Jewish boys were\nfor themselves and ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32185/file/100914#t=6930.0,6960.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32185/file/100914/transcript/20875/annotation/233","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"the others, because we were different, they were . . . for\nthem, the most important thing was to get drinks--alcohol. You go to the city\nand get drunk and things like that. That was not our . . . type. There was a . .\n. I was in camp headquarters. I, among others . . . I ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32185/file/100914#t=6960.0,6990.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32185/file/100914/transcript/20875/annotation/234","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"had all the\npapers--qualification papers--of everybody in the camp who worked in the camp\nheadquarters. We got requests they needed 50 men for to become cooks. Then\nwe--our headquarters--had to supply them. That means I had the . . . I had to\npick out the ones who were qualified for that ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32185/file/100914#t=6990.0,7020.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32185/file/100914/transcript/20875/annotation/235","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and gave it to my boss, who was a\ncaptain. [I'd say,] \"Here, these people can go to there.\" Then there were people\nwho wanted to become officers. They could not . . . had not the . . . there was\nan intelligence . . .\n\nEINSTEIN: Was it the IQ?\n\nDRAKER: Yes, the IQ. It was not high enough. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32185/file/100914#t=7020.0,7050.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32185/file/100914/transcript/20875/annotation/236","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"They tried to get . . . they were\ngiven permission to try again. I gave the test and . . . not that I . . . I just\ngave the test and then I had the papers--how to correct it and all that. That\nwas my job.\n\nEINSTEIN: Were you an American citizen at that time or did they make you an\nAmerican citizen?\n\nDRAKER: Now I come to that. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32185/file/100914#t=7050.0,7080.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32185/file/100914/transcript/20875/annotation/237","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"When I was there . . . when I was in Camp Barkeley .\n. . one day or sometime . . . suddenly it was . . . they said every foreign-born\nsoldier can become American citizen now. Normally you had to wait five years or\nsix years, but ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32185/file/100914#t=7080.0,7110.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32185/file/100914/transcript/20875/annotation/238","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"everybody who was in the army now--a foreign-born--can become\ncitizen. That's when I became citizen. That is when I changed my name, because\nwhile I was limited service, it was always [a risk that] . . . maybe they ship\nme over sea, whatever. G-d forbid if they [the Germans] get a prisoner [named]\n'Hans Drucker,' they know I'm a German ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32185/file/100914#t=7110.0,7140.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32185/file/100914/transcript/20875/annotation/239","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Jew . . . I changed my name. That's why I\nsay Hans Bodo Drucker became Henry Brian Draker. I kept my initials. When I . .\n. after the war, when I was able to get in touch with my brother and I wrote him\nthat I have changed my name, I was thinking, \"What will Harry say to that?\" But\nhe was very ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32185/file/100914#t=7140.0,7170.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32185/file/100914/transcript/20875/annotation/240","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"pleased. He says, \"Very good. I also changed my name to Draker.\"\nThat was a stone off my chest because I figured, \"What will my brother say if I\ntell him I changed my name?\" That went out very well . . .\n\nKENT: You were developing your business?\n\nDRAKER: Yes. I was in New York and first I was a ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32185/file/100914#t=7170.0,7200.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32185/file/100914/transcript/20875/annotation/241","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"salesman.\n\nKENT: You were hoping not to get sent to Germany?\n\nDRAKER: Yes, that's why I changed my name. Then, shortly before I got out of the\narmy, I heard that my mother was quite sick . . . in the apartment. She was\nstill in the ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32185/file/100914#t=7200.0,7230.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32185/file/100914/transcript/20875/annotation/242","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"apartment. I don't remember how I got the news . . . from somebody\nin Chicago, I believe. I got the news that my mother was dragged out of the\napartment and shipped to the big one . . .\n\nKENT: Auschwitz-Birkenau?\n\nDRAKER: Auschwitz-Birkenau. She was shipped to Auschwitz-Birkenau. She died in\nAuschwitz-Birkenau. We do not have the date of their deaths--neither my father\nnor my ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32185/file/100914#t=7230.0,7260.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32185/file/100914/transcript/20875/annotation/243","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"mother. We know . . . I know where they died, but not the date. The year,\nyes, but . . .\n\nEINSTEIN: What was your mother's name?\n\nDRAKER: Selma Drucker, born Goldschmidt. Her maiden name was Goldschmidt.\n\nEINSTEIN: Did you say your father's name was Max?\n\nDRAKER: Max . . . M-A-X . . . Max Drucker. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32185/file/100914#t=7260.0,7290.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32185/file/100914/transcript/20875/annotation/244","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Selma Goldschmidt was my mother's\nmaiden name . . . The one in the center [indicating a photograph hanging on\nwall] there are my father and my mother.\n\nEINSTEIN: Had you had any communication with her during the time before then?\n\nDRAKER: Very little. The mail in the beginning, that was mail possible [?].\nLater on, during the war, it was ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32185/file/100914#t=7290.0,7320.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32185/file/100914/transcript/20875/annotation/245","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"very difficult. I got here and there a letter.\nIn the end, not at all. Then it was through the Red Cross. The information\nreally I got through the Red Cross.\n\nKENT: Did you look into the possibility of having your mother moved to America, too?\n\nDRAKER: Yes. Did I try to get my parents to ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32185/file/100914#t=7320.0,7350.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32185/file/100914/transcript/20875/annotation/246","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"America? You bet. It didn't work.\nThere's another story I could tell but . . . how I tried to get my parents out .\n. . I wanted to get visas from Cuba for them . . . No, it was not possible. They\ncouldn't ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32185/file/100914#t=7350.0,7380.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32185/file/100914/transcript/20875/annotation/247","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"come. I had tried very hard.\n\nKENT: Your brother was your only other relative [who survived]?\n\nDRAKER: Yes. I have nephews--my brother's son--and they have children. They are\nmostly in Israel now. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32185/file/100914#t=7380.0,7410.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32185/file/100914/transcript/20875/annotation/248","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Anyway, I was a traveling salesman and then I was in\nbusiness. I was 30 years in business--actually in custom jewelry . . . imitation\npearls before and then custom jewelry. I did export. I traveled ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32185/file/100914#t=7410.0,7440.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32185/file/100914/transcript/20875/annotation/249","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"worldwide--all\nover the world--for the last 20 years. That means I retired in 1980. Until then,\nin the end, for the last 20 years I did only export. As a matter of fact . . .\n\nKENT: During the last three years of the war, did you have any contact with\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32185/file/100914#t=7440.0,7470.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32185/file/100914/transcript/20875/annotation/250","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Germany or were you involved in any kind of Jewish resistance or anything?\n\nDRAKER: No, there was no way. I had no Jewish relatives left that were there.\nThey were all . . . I lost all my relatives during those years. The only\nsurvivor is one cousin, who is in England, and my brother and I. My parents, ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32185/file/100914#t=7470.0,7500.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32185/file/100914/transcript/20875/annotation/251","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"my\nuncles, my . . . everybody is gone . . . I was in business. Then, when I\nretired, we moved here. I was married in between. Yes, I was married.\n\nKENT: Tell us how you met your wife.\n\nDRAKER: I met my wife in New ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32185/file/100914#t=7500.0,7530.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32185/file/100914/transcript/20875/annotation/252","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"York [City, New York]. One day . . . I used to go\nto a certain restaurant there for lunch . . . They were very busy and I had to\nsit at the counter. There ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32185/file/100914#t=7530.0,7560.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32185/file/100914/transcript/20875/annotation/253","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"was a girl sitting next to me. I looked at her and I\nfigured, \"[She] looks nice.\" I . . . then she said to me, \"Pass the sugar,\nplease.\" [It was] on the counter. I said something like, \"You look so sweet, you\ndon't need sugar.\" This is how it started. Then we got to know each other.\n\nKENT: Then what happened?\n\nDRAKER: One year later, we got ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32185/file/100914#t=7560.0,7590.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32185/file/100914/transcript/20875/annotation/254","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"married. Exactly one year later, we got married.\n\n[joking and laughter, then interview resumes]\n\nKENT: What was it like for you, seriously, knowing what was going on back home,\nand that you had managed to escape that? What was it like reading newspapers and\nall that?\n\nDRAKER: When the war ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32185/file/100914#t=7590.0,7620.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32185/file/100914/transcript/20875/annotation/255","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"started, the newspapers were fighting a war. There was no\nwar yet, and we were . . . we bought the newspaper six times a day because they\nalways told stories, but they were not really fighting yet. During it all . .\n.what happened when I was in the ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32185/file/100914#t=7620.0,7650.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32185/file/100914/transcript/20875/annotation/256","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"army . . . what could you do? You were in the\narmy. There was nothing you could do. You could hope. There was not so much\ncontact. There was so much antisemitism in America.\n\nKENT: Can you describe that? What were you aware of?\n\nDRAKER: ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32185/file/100914#t=7650.0,7680.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32185/file/100914/transcript/20875/annotation/257","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"That is not in my story [in the book]. I can tell you that, in those\ndays--before the World War II--a bank would not hire a Jewish person. Many\nrestaurant chains would not hire Jewish persons. The same it was in ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32185/file/100914#t=7680.0,7710.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32185/file/100914/transcript/20875/annotation/258","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Canada. When\nyou went to Canada . . . but not only Canada . . . when you went here and to the\ncountry, to a restaurant . . . you would make a reservation, [they would ask,]\n\"What is your name?\" [Then they would say], \"No, we have no vacancies. We have\nno ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32185/file/100914#t=7710.0,7740.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32185/file/100914/transcript/20875/annotation/259","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"vacancies.\" I know that, as a young fellow, I went to Canada because I like\nto fish. Fishermen . . . I always liked to go to Canada. As a matter of fact, we\nwent--my brother and I--we went fishing in Canada. That's all passé . . . ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32185/file/100914#t=7740.0,7770.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32185/file/100914/transcript/20875/annotation/260","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I\nwent by myself to Canada. I stopped at a place. There was a nice place, a big\nlake, good for fishing. I check in there. I was heading there with some people.\nThere were probably a couple of girls there, too. I liked it there. The next\nday, the ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32185/file/100914#t=7770.0,7800.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32185/file/100914/transcript/20875/annotation/261","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"owner called me into his office. He says, \"What's [your] name?\" It was\nDraker already. He says, \"You have the right religion, don't you?\" I said, \"Yes,\nof course.\" I knew what he meant: the right kind of religion. That's the way it\nwas. You could not get . . . they don't take you. When . . . later ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32185/file/100914#t=7800.0,7830.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32185/file/100914/transcript/20875/annotation/262","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"on, when I\ngot married, we went into Canada and was a Jewish place--very nice, but it was\nraining. We went back to America. We came to a nice place there. They had on\nSunday, in church there . . . they knew we were Jewish. They were ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32185/file/100914#t=7830.0,7860.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32185/file/100914/transcript/20875/annotation/263","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"very nice to\nus. They wrote us the next year we should come back to visit them again. That\nhappens, too. But altogether, there was so much antisemitism in this country.\n\nKENT: Do you remember any information like why that was happening? What was the\nmessage? Like, in Germany, it was the Jews ruined the economy and ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32185/file/100914#t=7860.0,7890.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32185/file/100914/transcript/20875/annotation/264","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"they lost the\nwar . . . What was the reason in America?\n\nDRAKER: There was a lot already to do with Israel. Palestine had become Israel\nand there were many . . . look, in France they have now 5,000,000 Muslims. We\nhave Muslims here. We have ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32185/file/100914#t=7890.0,7920.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32185/file/100914/transcript/20875/annotation/265","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"antisemites here. We have . . . G-d knows what we\nhave here . . . Now with the elections, I don't know for whom to vote. There's .\n. . I used to vote Republican. I have some paper where they ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32185/file/100914#t=7920.0,7950.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32185/file/100914/transcript/20875/annotation/266","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"sent me a paper that\nI belong to the group of the people . . . That was just when we left from New\nYork. I was for [President George W.] Bush because he was extremely . . . has\nbeen very good for Israel. That is very important to me. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32185/file/100914#t=7950.0,7980.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32185/file/100914/transcript/20875/annotation/267","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Now with the other guy\n. . . I don't know how much pro-Israel he is. All of them in the beginning, they\nsay . . . I don't know how good he will be for Israel.\n\nKENT: To focus in a little bit more on you: What has Jewish-ness meant to you\nover the years? In other words, how are ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32185/file/100914#t=7980.0,8010.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32185/file/100914/transcript/20875/annotation/268","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"you Jewish . . .\n\nDRAKER: There I can be very, must be very . . . I am Jewish by tradition not . .\n. I'm not a good Jew. I am simply . . . by tradition, I am a Jew. I'm\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32185/file/100914#t=8010.0,8040.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32185/file/100914/transcript/20875/annotation/269","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"pro-Israel--very pro-Israel--but I'm not . . . I belong to the Temple. I go\nthere one a year for the High Holy Days, but we don't go and also the same thing\n[?]. I'm not a good Jew in that sense.\n\nKENT: As far as you being German, how have you dealt with [the idea] that a part\nof you is German but at the same time the ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32185/file/100914#t=8040.0,8070.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32185/file/100914/transcript/20875/annotation/270","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Germans were rather wicked? How do you\ndeal with you are Jewish and German, how do you put that . . .\n\nDRAKER: There was always antisemitism in Germany . . . less, much less, and then\nmuch more. When I went to school, I went to one school. There the lowest rates .\n. . November, October, September, ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32185/file/100914#t=8070.0,8100.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32185/file/100914/transcript/20875/annotation/271","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"used to have there . . . Juden stinken\n[German: Jews smell]. The Jew was not accepted, yet you had friends. They were\nthe other way around. Going to school, you had to go through areas where, \"Hey,\nJuden stinken!\" and they would throw stones at [you and yell], \"Jew! ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32185/file/100914#t=8100.0,8130.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32185/file/100914/transcript/20875/annotation/272","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Jew!\" But\nthese were children. There was, at the time, actually . . . when the Jews had\nmade huge progress. If I distinguish between my grandfather and my father, there\nwas a tremendous difference as far as Jews were ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32185/file/100914#t=8130.0,8160.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32185/file/100914/transcript/20875/annotation/273","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"concerned--much better. After\nWorld War I, when Germany lost the war, that's when somebody had to be [blamed]\n. . . was at the fault of their . . . that was the Jews. Everything then was bad\nwas the Jews--always the Jews. We ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32185/file/100914#t=8160.0,8190.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32185/file/100914/transcript/20875/annotation/274","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"used to say, \"The Jews and the Radfahrer\n[bicyclist].\" They would say, \"Why the Radfahrer?\" [We'd say,] \"Then why the\nJews?\" They would treat they Jews . . . Yes, I know, the Jews and the Radfahrer.\n[They'd ask again,] \"No, why the Radfahrer?\" \"Why the Jews?\" we use to say. It\nwas a saying. The antisemitism after World War I went up, up, up, ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32185/file/100914#t=8190.0,8220.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32185/file/100914/transcript/20875/annotation/275","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"up.\n\nEINSTEIN: What is it like for you . . . to have lived so much of your life here\nin America? What's your feeling about this country?\n\nDRAKER: At the end of my story, I say, \"G-d bless America, the land of the free,\nthe land I so love. Keep ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32185/file/100914#t=8220.0,8250.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32185/file/100914/transcript/20875/annotation/276","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"fighting the darkness for light and right.\" I love\nAmerica. I love the American[s]. I do love America, but . . . the change that\nhas occurred since I came to America and especially since World War II, the\nchange that has ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32185/file/100914#t=8250.0,8280.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32185/file/100914/transcript/20875/annotation/277","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"come to the whole world is unbelievable. How did I get into\nAmerica? I had to get a visa. That was so difficult to get. I had to be a person\nwho would guarantee that I will not become a public charge. Then I had a chance\nto get somewhere. Today, you have many hundreds of ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32185/file/100914#t=8280.0,8310.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32185/file/100914/transcript/20875/annotation/278","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"millions of foreigners\nhere--illegal aliens. They even want to make them citizens! I had written\noriginally that in here [the book], but it was Larry Hecht who said, \"You cannot\nsay that. That's political.\" \"Okay,\" I said, \"Yes, you're right. It is\npolitical.\" So I don't say that [in the book].\n\nKENT: How do you feel about ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32185/file/100914#t=8310.0,8340.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32185/file/100914/transcript/20875/annotation/279","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Germany and German culture?\n\nDRAKER: The German culture went down with Hitler. The German culture was\nsomething worthwhile. It was high. It got all the way down. I ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32185/file/100914#t=8340.0,8370.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32185/file/100914/transcript/20875/annotation/280","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"hate Germany. I'm\nsorry to say I do buy German wine once in awhile, but I wouldn't buy a German\ncar. We went to Austria. Austria was not any better, but we used to travel when\nI retired. We had time. We went every year to Europe, ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32185/file/100914#t=8370.0,8400.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32185/file/100914/transcript/20875/annotation/281","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Switzerland. We went also\nto Austria, but Germany? No. We came through Germany, but . . .\n\nKENT: Did you ever go to your hometown again?\n\nDRAKER: Yes, I did. My hometown is now Polish. It belongs to Poland. After World\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32185/file/100914#t=8400.0,8430.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32185/file/100914/transcript/20875/annotation/282","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"War I, one part of West Prussia was given to Poland; after World War II, the\nrest. That is where my hometown is. When I was living there, it was Germany. Now\nit is Poland. We went . . . maybe it was 10 years ago or so . . . we went to\nEurope with our two boys that time. We went to Ursula's home and to my home. We\nwent to ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32185/file/100914#t=8430.0,8460.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32185/file/100914/transcript/20875/annotation/283","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Flatow.\n\nKENT: Do you believe Germany has largely repented and changed fundamentally?\n\nDRAKER: I believe that a part of . . . maybe even possibly a larger part of the\nyoung generation is now ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32185/file/100914#t=8460.0,8490.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32185/file/100914/transcript/20875/annotation/284","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"democratic, but there are plenty of Nazis today in\nGermany. The first German government, they were very good after World War II.\nThat's where we got--I and 100,000 other Jews--got rente [German: pension] from\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32185/file/100914#t=8490.0,8520.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32185/file/100914/transcript/20875/annotation/285","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Germany. They do it the German way that has to be correct . . . that exact year\nthat it's done . . . it's on the books and so on. This is the German way. I\ndon't want to have anything to do with Germans, but a German friend helped me--a\nGerman in Cuba--he tried to ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32185/file/100914#t=8520.0,8550.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32185/file/100914/transcript/20875/annotation/286","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"help me. I mention him here [in the book].\n\nKENT: How did you get to Atlanta [Georgia] finally?\n\nDRAKER: I got to Atlanta . . . when I retired. By now, my two sons had grown up.\nThey had left New York and ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32185/file/100914#t=8550.0,8580.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32185/file/100914/transcript/20875/annotation/287","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"they had settled down here. Jeffrey was here in\nbusiness and Ronald was . . . had a job in Dallas, Texas. They wanted to bring\nthe family together again. I said of this, \"Look, Jeffrey, I understand. He's in\nbusiness and he cannot leave. Ronnie, if you also want ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32185/file/100914#t=8580.0,8610.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32185/file/100914/transcript/20875/annotation/288","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"to go to Atlanta, we will\nmove, too.\" We used . . . every year we used to go to Dallas, to Ronald's, and\nthrough the year . . . every year we went to Florida and so on. One day, ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32185/file/100914#t=8610.0,8640.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32185/file/100914/transcript/20875/annotation/289","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Ronald\nhad also moved here. [They said,] \"Now, Dad, it's your turn.\" I say, \"All right,\nwe will come.\" Then something happened. I had a house in New York--by far not as\nnice as this one. We went always to Florida and then saw the ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32185/file/100914#t=8640.0,8670.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32185/file/100914/transcript/20875/annotation/290","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"boys. I know that I\nhad a . . . there was an organization, the police . . . we were connected to the\npolice. When you went away and so on, they were supposed to take care of the\nhouse. One day, we came to Atlanta. I come here and Jeffrey had received a\nnotice that they had ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32185/file/100914#t=8670.0,8700.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32185/file/100914/transcript/20875/annotation/291","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"broke into our house because. Unfortunately, I had notified\nthe person of that organization that, \"We are leaving tomorrow and we'll be back\n. . . we'll not be back before . . . \" [I told them] they should take care of\nthe house. That evening, after we had left, they broke into the house. When I\nheard that here, I said, \"Now we are moving. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32185/file/100914#t=8700.0,8730.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32185/file/100914/transcript/20875/annotation/292","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Now is the time.\" I finally found\nthis house. We came still a few years. I was looking for something that was\nright for us and then I found this house. I fell in love with this. It was right\nfor me. That's when we moved here.\n\nKENT: How do you suppose that prewar time has affected you in the rest of your\nlife? How do you carry the ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32185/file/100914#t=8730.0,8760.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32185/file/100914/transcript/20875/annotation/293","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Holocaust part of your life with you?\n\nDRAKER: To a great extent, I believe I have forgotten it, more or less. I have\nenjoyed living in America. This was . . . became my home, my country. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32185/file/100914#t=8760.0,8790.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32185/file/100914/transcript/20875/annotation/294","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I looked\nwith hate towards Germany. I don't forgive them ever, but I also must say that\nthis is generation after generation after generation now. They are not\nresponsible who are young today. Many--maybe most of the ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32185/file/100914#t=8790.0,8820.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32185/file/100914/transcript/20875/annotation/295","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"German youth--are not\nantisemites anymore. But now through the Israel story and the hate of the . . .\nMuslims! There has so much more hate of the Jews again. France . . . I hate\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32185/file/100914#t=8820.0,8850.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32185/file/100914/transcript/20875/annotation/296","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"France, because what they do with the Jews there. Before I left London,\n[England] I went to France because there was somebody--a far relative from\nus--and I wanted to talk to him. He ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32185/file/100914#t=8850.0,8880.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32185/file/100914/transcript/20875/annotation/297","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"was also a dentist. He had a big practice in\nBerlin. He was helpful to my brother. In fact, he was part of the reason that\nHarry became a dentist. He had something else in mind. Anyway, I wanted to talk\nto him. They were in very bad condition there. They were very poor and ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32185/file/100914#t=8880.0,8910.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32185/file/100914/transcript/20875/annotation/298","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"had\nsuffered very much. I saw what I saw in France . . . how they hated the Jewish\nrefugees, the people who had been able to get out of Germany and had survived it\n. . . how they hated them . . . how these refugees . . . I saw them walking\naround dirty and with ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32185/file/100914#t=8910.0,8940.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32185/file/100914/transcript/20875/annotation/299","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"worn-out pants. They were in terrible conditions. That is\nwhat I hold against France, the French government, the one before this\ngovernment. This is bad enough, as far as I'm concerned, but what they had\nthere--they were pro-German! You know that they had turned around. The biggest\nenemies of the world were Germany and ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32185/file/100914#t=8940.0,8970.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32185/file/100914/transcript/20875/annotation/300","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"France. They were the biggest enemies at\nmy time. In World War I, [they were] the biggest enemies. They are the closest\nnow. They were singing in Germany, \"Jeder stoss ein Französisch tot.\" [German:\nEach push, a Frenchman dies]. That means, \"Every ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32185/file/100914#t=8970.0,9000.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32185/file/100914/transcript/20875/annotation/301","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"push, one French is dead.\"\n\"Jeder stoss ein Französisch tot.\" That's what they were singing. They were the\nbiggest enemies. Under Vichy, they became . . .\n\nKENT: If you could take your whole story and make a message out of it or a moral\nto the ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32185/file/100914#t=9000.0,9030.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32185/file/100914/transcript/20875/annotation/302","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"story, what would you want people to get out of this when they hear it in\na museum someday or if they read it? What's your message in all of this?\n\nDRAKER: My message is that people should know what has happened in Germany.\nThere are so many who don't know it and there are so many who say it isn't true.\nThey have so many people who try, ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32185/file/100914#t=9030.0,9060.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32185/file/100914/transcript/20875/annotation/303","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"successfully, to make the world think, \"This\nis all not true. There were not millions of victims. It isn't true. It's all\nlies.\" That is the message. They should know. Children should learn in school\nwhat happened in Germany. That would be my message . . . something of that sort.\n\nKENT: If ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32185/file/100914#t=9060.0,9090.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32185/file/100914/transcript/20875/annotation/304","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"people know the history of it, how would that affect anything? What\nshould people do with that information for tomorrow?\n\nDRAKER: When I was in Germany years back . . . but I mean it was while I was\nretired already . . . I spoke to some German people. There ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32185/file/100914#t=9090.0,9120.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32185/file/100914/transcript/20875/annotation/305","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"was a woman and she\nsaid to me, in German, \"Ja wissen Sie . . . es ist nicht mehr schön [German:\nYes, you know . . . it is no longer nice] in Germany, like it used to be.\" She\nsaid to me, \"It isn't nice anymore, the way it used to be in Germany.\" She meant\nHitler . . . Hitlers Zeit [German: Hitler's time]. That's what she ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32185/file/100914#t=9120.0,9150.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32185/file/100914/transcript/20875/annotation/306","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"said to me.\nThere are many older people, my age or a little younger, who feel the same way.\n\nKENT: What was better? What is it about that old Germany that they think is better?\n\nDRAKER: They are referring to the Hitler time . . . They conquered the world.\n\"Am Deutschen Wesen Wird die ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32185/file/100914#t=9150.0,9180.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32185/file/100914/transcript/20875/annotation/307","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Welt genesen.\" [German: On the German nature, the\nworld shall be healed.] [That means,] \"On the German way of life, the world will\nprosper.\" Am Deutschen Wesen Wird die Welt genesen. Die Welt war gesund.\n[German: On the German nature, the world shall be healed. The world was\nhealthy.] You understand what it means? . . . That is the old Germany--the\n'Hitler ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32185/file/100914#t=9180.0,9210.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32185/file/100914/transcript/20875/annotation/308","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Germany.'\n\nKENT: Is there anything else you want to add that we haven't already brought up?\n\nDRAKER: No. I . . . how I came to America, that is in here [the book] . . . But,\nthat I say without [the camera on] . . . what I said before we started this.\nThat is very important and therefore I do not want to ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32185/file/100914#t=9210.0,9240.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32185/file/100914/transcript/20875/annotation/309","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"change what he had done\nthere. This is my story -- it is in here. He knows it.\n\nEINSTEIN: I just want to thank you both very, very much on behalf of the Breman Museum.\n\nDRAKER: I thank you for coming and for the . . . I feel now much better because\nit had hurt me so much to read what he had said there . . . what I did in New\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32185/file/100914#t=9240.0,9270.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32185/file/100914/transcript/20875/annotation/310","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"York . . . the stories . . .","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32185/file/100914#t=9270.0,9300.0"}]},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32185/file/100914/annotation_set/250","type":"AnnotationPage","label":{"en":["Annotations [Transcript]"]},"items":[{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32185/file/100914/annotation_set/250/annotation/311","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eFlatow, Germany was situated in the northwestern part of Poland, in the western part of what had been Prussian territories. After World War I, the town was in a province that remained a part of Germany. After World War II, the Polish-German border was moved westward and the town became part of Poland. It is now known as Zlotow, Poland.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32185/file/100914#t=60.0,90.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32185/file/100914/annotation_set/250/annotation/312","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe cost of paying for World War I and the resultant reparations severely damaged the German economy. A period of hyperinflation plagued Germany between 1921 and 1924. To combat the inflation, the government began printing exaggerated amounts of money. The result was that German bills became essentially worthless—paying for even small items could require huge stacks of money. The severe hyperinflation is widely believed to have contributed to Adolf Hitler and the Nazi Party’s success in taking over the German government in the 1930’s.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32185/file/100914#t=240.0,270.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32185/file/100914/annotation_set/250/annotation/313","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe German Deutsche Mark was the official currency of West Germany (1948-1990) and Germany after reunification in 1990 until it was replaced by the Euro in 1999. It was first introduced under Allied Occupation in 1948 to replace the Reichsmark. Like the American dollar, it was subdivided into pfennigs (pennies) so that 100 pfennigs equaled 1 Deutsche Mark. It is commonly referred to as the “Deutschemark” in English and the “Mark” or “D-Mark” in German.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32185/file/100914#t=300.0,330.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32185/file/100914/annotation_set/250/annotation/314","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThis seems to be a joke that is suggesting that blaming the Jews for Germany’s troubles in the interwar period is as illogical as blaming bicyclists.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32185/file/100914#t=390.0,420.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32185/file/100914/annotation_set/250/annotation/315","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003ePresident Paul von Hindenburg appointed Adolf Hitler Chancellor of Germany on January 30, 1933. Hitler and the Nazi party immediately began to persecute all opponents, both real and perceived. Nazi political goals and racial ideals sought to exclude and eliminate all Jews, political opponents (such as Communists, Social Democrats, and Democrats), spiritual opponents (such as Jehovah’s Witnesses), and “social” opponents (homosexuals). On April 1, 1933, a nationwide boycott of Jewish businesses began. A week later, German laws forced Jews out of their civil service jobs, university and law court positions, and other areas of public life.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32185/file/100914#t=540.0,570.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32185/file/100914/annotation_set/250/annotation/316","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003e‘Palestine’ was the name of the area that is now Israel and Jordan. After World War I, the area came under the administration of the British and was called the “British Mandate.”  After World War II, the states of Israel and Trans-Jordan (now Jordan) were established.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32185/file/100914#t=720.0,750.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32185/file/100914/annotation_set/250/annotation/317","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eFrom the time the Nazi party came to power in 1933 until the outbreak of war in 1939, German Jews felt the effects of more than 400 national and local decrees and regulations that restricted all aspects of their public and private lives. Jews were gradually removed from German economic life. At first, the confiscation of Jewish businesses and property was, according to the Nazis, “voluntary.” Especially after the Nuremberg Laws in 1935, Jewish property was forcibly transferred to so-called “Aryans” (non-Jews) in a process known as Arisierung [German: Aryanization].\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32185/file/100914#t=780.0,810.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32185/file/100914/annotation_set/250/annotation/318","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eSchlüterstrasse is a street in the affluent Berlin neighborhood of Charlottenburg. According to the record of Henry’s father’s death at Sachsenhausen, which was recorded at the Oranienburg civil registry office records, the family lived at Schlüterstrasse 26, which is at the corner of Schlüterstrasse and Niebuhrstrasse.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32185/file/100914#t=840.0,870.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32185/file/100914/annotation_set/250/annotation/319","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eGestapo is an abbreviation for Geheime Staatspolizei, the secret state police of Nazi Germany. It was established in 1934 and placed under Heinrich Himmler. With virtually unlimited powers, it was highly feared. The Gestapo acted to oppress and persecute Jews and other opponents of the Nazis. The Gestapo ruthlessly rounded up Jews throughout Europe for deportation to extermination camps.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32185/file/100914#t=1020.0,1050.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32185/file/100914/annotation_set/250/annotation/320","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe Prussian Eiserne Kreuz [German: Iron Cross] was first awarded during the Napoleonic Wars in 1813. It was a standard medal awarded in various classes to soldiers during World War I. Wearing the Iron Cross represented service and valor.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32185/file/100914#t=1350.0,1380.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32185/file/100914/annotation_set/250/annotation/321","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eIn 1933, one of the first concentration camps, which became known as ‘Stalag II B,’ was established on a former army training ground just west of the village of Hammerstein (present day Czarne, Poland). Hammerstein is about 30 miles or 50 kilometers north of Flatow, Germany (present day Zlotow, Poland). The camp was used to house German communists until 1939. It was then used for prisoners of war until it was liberated in 1945.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32185/file/100914#t=1620.0,1650.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32185/file/100914/annotation_set/250/annotation/322","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe first concentration camps were established in 1933. Various authorities set up the makeshift “camps” in empty warehouses, factories, and other locations. Camps were established in Oranienburg, north of Berlin; Esterwegen, near Hamburg; Dachau, northwest of Munich; and Lichtenburg, in Saxony. By the end of July 1933, almost 27,000 people were housed in these camps. Most of the prisoners were political opponents of the Nazi regime. By the end of 1934, most of these early camps were disbanded and replaced by a centrally organized concentration camp system under the exclusive jurisdiction of the SS.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32185/file/100914#t=1620.0,1650.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32185/file/100914/annotation_set/250/annotation/323","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eSchneidemuhl [German: Schneidemühl] was a town in western Prussia. After World War I, the town was ceded to Germany and was situated close to the Polish border. After World War II, the town became a part of Poland and is now known as Pila.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32185/file/100914#t=1710.0,1740.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32185/file/100914/annotation_set/250/annotation/324","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe SS or Schutzstaffel was a major paramilitary organization under Adolf Hitler and the Nazi Party. It began at the end of 1920 as a small, permanent guard unit known as the “Saal-Schutz” made up of Nazi Party volunteers to provide security for party meetings in Munich. Later, in 1925, Heinrich Himmler joined the unit, which had by then been reformed and renamed the “Schutz-Staffel.” Under Himmler’s leadership, it grew from a small paramilitary formation to one of the largest and most powerful organizations in the Third Reich. Under Himmler’s command, it was responsible for many of the crimes against humanity during World War II. After World War II, like the Nazi Party, it was declared a criminal organization by the International Military Tribunal and banned in Germany.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32185/file/100914#t=1710.0,1740.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32185/file/100914/annotation_set/250/annotation/325","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eLichtenburg was among the first concentration camps, established by the Nazis in 1933. Both male and female political prisoners were housed in the Lichtenburg castle in the eastern German town of Prettin. The castle was built in the 16th century. The 3 and 4-story castle surrounds a large, central courtyard. The camp was closed in 1939, when the SS and Heinrich Himmler began to formalize and centralize the administration of the concentration camps system. Most of the male prisoners were sent to Buchenwald and the female prisoners were sent to Ravensbruck.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32185/file/100914#t=1830.0,1860.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32185/file/100914/annotation_set/250/annotation/326","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eBetween 1933 and 1939, tens of thousands of Germans were sentenced by the criminal courts. If authorities were confident of a conviction in court, the prisoner was turned over to the justice system for trial. If the outcome of criminal proceedings were unsatisfactory, the acquitted citizen or the citizen who was sentenced to a suspended sentence would still be taken into “protective detention” and incarcerated in a concentration camp.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32185/file/100914#t=2220.0,2250.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32185/file/100914/annotation_set/250/annotation/327","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eWhen the Nazi regime came to power, they systematically persecuted both Jewish and non-Jewish Germans perceived to be opponents of the regime. Political opponents (Communists, Social Democrats, liberals) were some of the first victims housed in “temporary” detention centers like Lichtenburg. Jews, homosexuals, Freemasons, Jehovah's Witnesses, clergy who opposed the Nazis, and any others whose behavior—real or perceived—could be interpreted as being in opposition to Nazi political and racial ideologies were also persecuted and incarcerated. \u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32185/file/100914#t=2280.0,2310.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32185/file/100914/annotation_set/250/annotation/328","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eHenry is probably referring to the Sturmabteilung, also known as the “Storm Troopers,” “Brown Shirts,” or “SA.”  The Sturmabteilung was the militia of the Nazi Party commanded by Ernst Röhm and responsible for helping Adolf Hitler rise to power in Germany in the 1920’s and early 1930’s. By 1934, tensions within the party saw Heinrich Himmler and the SS (Schutzstaffel) replace Röhm and the Sturmabteilung’s position as the dominant organization within the Nazi Party.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32185/file/100914#t=2430.0,2460.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32185/file/100914/annotation_set/250/annotation/329","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe Esterwegen concentration camp was an early camp established by the Nazis in 1933 in a boggy area called the Emsland, near the border of the Netherlands. The camp was established to house political prisoners and was under the supervision of Heinrich Himmler. Prisoners were subjected to harsh and violent treatment and required to do manual labor, cultivating the moors in the area. Himmler dissolved the camp in 1936 and political prisoners were then held at Sachsenhausen near Berlin. The camp remained in use during World War II as a prison for convicts, court martialled German soldiers, and resistance fighters. Command of Esterwegen and other nearby camps was seated in Papenburg, a city in the Emsland, near the town of Esterwegen.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32185/file/100914#t=2520.0,2550.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32185/file/100914/annotation_set/250/annotation/330","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eIt is unclear what “victory” the Papenburg-Esterwegen guards were celebrating in the time between Henry’s arrival in December 1933 and release in April 1934. It may have been the results of the Reichstag fire in February 1934, when a fire broke out at the Reichstag (Parliament) building in Berlin and Nazi propaganda blamed the Communists. President von Hindenburg was convinced to approve an emergency decree, which essentially placed all power in the hands of the Nazi regime, which now had the right to arrest and incarcerate political opponents without specific charge and to dissolve political organizations. The right to assembly, freedom of speech, freedom of press, and other constitutional protections were also suspended.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32185/file/100914#t=3090.0,3120.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32185/file/100914/annotation_set/250/annotation/331","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eAfter their seizure of power in 1933, the Nazi regime refused to tolerate criticism, dissent, or nonconformity from the German people. Non-Jewish German political activists were treated harshly but other political opponents remained potentially valuable members of the German race. The goal behind their internment in and subsequent release from concentration camps was often a kind of reeducation that would see them fall into line with the regime’s political and racial ideologies.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32185/file/100914#t=3810.0,3840.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32185/file/100914/annotation_set/250/annotation/332","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003e‘Anvers’ is the French name for Antwerp, Belgium. Antwerp is the second largest city in Belgium, after Brussels.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32185/file/100914#t=4080.0,4110.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32185/file/100914/annotation_set/250/annotation/333","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe Immigration Act of 1924 limited maximum annual immigration into the United States to 153,774. Inside that total number, each country was assigned a total number of immigrants. Great Britain and Ireland dominated most of the available slots. Germany was assigned about 26,000 immigrants per year while countries like Poland were allowed 6,000 immigrants per year. The German quota number per year was not related to Jews but to all Germans. Those Jews who determined very early in the Nazi regime to leave Germany essentially had to get in line as their numbers would not be available for several years. Those Jews who took no steps to try to leave until Kristallnacht (or in the mid- to late-1930’s) stood no chance of getting out of Germany as, after war broke out in 1939, all emigration from Germany was halted. They, of course, did not know that in the late 1930’s they didn’t have the time to wait three or four years for their number to come up so many who applied late but were trapped.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32185/file/100914#t=4890.0,4920.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32185/file/100914/annotation_set/250/annotation/334","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eIn the early 1930s, Jewish immigration from Europe to the British Mandate for Palestine rapidly increased due Zionism and the rise of Nazism. Nationalist uprisings and opposition to the mass influx of Jewish immigrants led to The Arab Revolt of 1936–39 and caused Great Britain to dramatically limit the numbers of immigrants allowed into Palestine in subsequent years and throughout the Holocaust.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32185/file/100914#t=5130.0,5160.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32185/file/100914/annotation_set/250/annotation/335","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eOn November 7, 1939, Herschel Grynszpan, a 17-year-old Polish Jew living in Paris, shot German diplomat, Ernst vom Rath in Paris. Grynszpan apparently acted out of despair over the fate of his parents, who were trapped along with other Polish Jewish deportees in a no-man’s-land between Germany and Poland. The Nazis used the shooting as antisemitic propaganda fervor, claiming that Grynszpan was part of a wider Jewish conspiracy against Germany. Vom Rath died two days later and the Germans used the incidence to fuel violent pogroms against Jews on November 9, 1939—a night that become known as Kristallnacht or the \"Night of Broken Glass.\" Jewish synagogues and shops were vandalized and burned down throughout Berlin and thousands, including Henry’s father, were arrested and taken to concentration camps, particularly to Sachsenhausen and Dachau.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32185/file/100914#t=5160.0,5190.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32185/file/100914/annotation_set/250/annotation/336","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eSachsenhausen was a concentration camp located in Oranienburg, just north of Berlin, Germany that ultimately included more than 40 subcamps concentrated around the armaments industries of northern Germany. Prisoners were forced to perform hard labor. SS doctors conducted medical experiments on prisoners and a gallows, shooting gallery, and gas chamber allowed the SS to directly kill prisoners in Sachsenhausen. When the camp was opened in 1936, it housed mainly political opponents, criminal offenders, homosexuals, Jehovah’s Witnesses and other “asocials” such as Roma and Sinti. The number of Jewish prisoners varied over the course of the camp’s existence, but most Jewish prisoners were deported from Sachsenhausen to other concentration camps, most often Auschwitz, in an effort to keep the German Reich Judenfrei [German: free of Jews]. At the beginning of 1945, there were only 11,100 Jewish prisoners.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32185/file/100914#t=5280.0,5310.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32185/file/100914/annotation_set/250/annotation/337","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe International Committee of the Red Cross (“Red Cross”) is a humanitarian institution based in Geneva, Switzerland. During World War II, the Red Cross—although limited by the Germans—had access to and was a crucial source of information about civilians, prisoners of war, and concentration camp prisoners. At the end of World War II, the Red Cross worked to organize relief assistance to those countries most severely affected by the war. Today, the Red Cross’ Holocaust and War Victims Tracing Center is a national clearinghouse that works to determine the fates of loved ones missing since the Holocaust and its aftermath.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32185/file/100914#t=5280.0,5310.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32185/file/100914/annotation_set/250/annotation/338","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eFrom 1938 until 1942, the Sachsenhausen concentration camp north of Berlin, created daily lists of arrivals, departures, and deaths in the camp. The lists were recorded at the Oranienburg civil registry office. The name and details about the death of Henry’s father (Max Drucker) are in this database. Max Drucker died on October 10, 1942.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32185/file/100914#t=5310.0,5340.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32185/file/100914/annotation_set/250/annotation/339","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eMachlavah Hekeniah dairy\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32185/file/100914#t=5340.0,5370.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32185/file/100914/annotation_set/250/annotation/340","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eTnuva, or Tenuvah, is a leading dairy products manufacturer in Israel, founded as a cooperative in 1926.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32185/file/100914#t=5370.0,5400.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32185/file/100914/annotation_set/250/annotation/341","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eHenry arrived in New York City, New York on October 25, 1938. Five days earlier, he had boarded a ship in San Jan, Puerto Rico. He had arrived in Puerto Rico 2 days earlier via Cuba (and London, England before that).\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32185/file/100914#t=6000.0,6030.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32185/file/100914/annotation_set/250/annotation/342","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eBetween 1936 and 1939, Palestinian Arabs rebelled against British rule and increased Jewish immigration and land acquisition.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32185/file/100914#t=6090.0,6120.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32185/file/100914/annotation_set/250/annotation/343","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eCamp Barkeley was a United States Army training installation that opened eleven miles southwest of Abilene, Texas in February 1941. The camp was home to the 45th Infantry Division and a medical Administrative Officer Candidate School. The 11th and 12th Armored Divisions also trained at the camp. At its peak, the camp had a population of 50,000. In 1944, the camp also began to house German prisoners of war. Camp Barkeley was deactivated in April 1945, officially closed in September 1945, and was then dismantled.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32185/file/100914#t=6870.0,6900.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32185/file/100914/annotation_set/250/annotation/344","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eAn intelligence quotient, or IQ, is a score derived from one of several standardized tests designed to assess intelligence levels.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32185/file/100914#t=7020.0,7050.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32185/file/100914/annotation_set/250/annotation/345","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eAuschwitz was a network of German Nazi concentration camps and extermination camps built and operated by the Third Reich in Polish areas annexed by Nazi Germany during World War II. Auschwitz was a complex of camps: the Main Camp (Auschwitz I), Auschwitz-Birkenau, and Monowitz (Auschwitz III). Many smaller sub-camps were attached to the complex, which drew their labor from the Main Camp and Auschwitz-Birkenau. Originally, Auschwitz-Birkenau was supposed to be a huge pool of political prisoners and Russian prisoners-of-war to be used for slave labor but sometime in 1942 it was decided that it was the perfect place for the ‘Final Solution’—the extermination of the Jews. In total, approximately 1.1 million Jews were deported to Auschwitz. At least 960,000 Jews were killed in Auschwitz.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32185/file/100914#t=7230.0,7260.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32185/file/100914/annotation_set/250/annotation/346","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eBetween October 1941 and April 1943, the Jews that were left in Berlin after Kristallnacht and the start of the war were deported to ghettos and camps throughout Europe. Beginning in 1942, they were deported directly to killing centers, primarily Auschwitz-Birkenau. By June 1943, Berlin had been declared Judenrein [German: clean of Jews]. According to one source, Henry’s mother, Selma, died in Auschwitz-Birkenau on March 3, 1943.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32185/file/100914#t=7260.0,7290.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32185/file/100914/annotation_set/250/annotation/347","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eAntisemitism is prejudice against, hostility to, or hatred of Jews.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32185/file/100914#t=7650.0,7680.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32185/file/100914/annotation_set/250/annotation/348","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003e‘Palestine’ was the name of the area that is now Israel and Jordan. After World War I, the area came under the administration of the British and was called the “British Mandate.”  When the British Mandate over the land west of the Jordan River, known as Palestine expired on May 14, 1948, the State of Israel declared its independence. It was recognized that night by the United States, and three days later by the Soviet Union. A day after the declaration of independence of the State of Israel, armies of five Arab countries, Egypt, Syria, Transjordan, Lebanon, and Iraq, invaded Israel. This marked the beginning of the War of Independence.  Despite the numerical superiority of the Arab armies, Israel defended itself and won, maintaining its independence. \u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32185/file/100914#t=7890.0,7920.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32185/file/100914/annotation_set/250/annotation/349","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eIn the United States presidential election of 2004, the Republican Party candidates were incumbent President George W. Bush and incumbent Vice President Dick Cheney. The Democratic Party Presidential candidate was John Kerry and his Vice Presidential candidate was John Edwards.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32185/file/100914#t=7980.0,8010.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32185/file/100914/annotation_set/250/annotation/350","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe Temple on Peachtree Street in Midtown Atlanta, Georgia is the city’s oldest synagogue, dedicated in 1877. The main sanctuary, constructed in 1931, is on the National Register of Historic Places. The Reform congregation now totals 1500 families (2014).\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32185/file/100914#t=8040.0,8070.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32185/file/100914/annotation_set/250/annotation/351","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe cycle of High Holy Days begins with Rosh Ha-Shanah [Hebrew: head of the year, i.e. New Year festival]. It introduces the Ten Days of Penitence, when Jews examine their souls, and take stock of their actions. On the tenth day is Yom Kippur, the Day of Atonement. The tradition is that on Rosh Ha-Shanah, G-d sits in judgment on humanity. Then, the fate of every living creature is inscribed in the Book of Life or Death. These decisions may be revoked by prayer, and repentance before the sealing of the books on Yom Kippur.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32185/file/100914#t=8040.0,8070.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32185/file/100914/annotation_set/250/annotation/352","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eLarry Hecht (1928-2007) was a businessman in Atlanta, Georgia who served as President of The Temple.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32185/file/100914#t=8310.0,8340.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32185/file/100914/annotation_set/250/annotation/353","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eHenry is referring to the government of West Germany, under Chancellor Konrad Adenauer, which reached an agreement in 1952 with the state of Israel and the Conference on Jewish Material Claims Against Germany to pay reparations for material losses and injuries incurred during the Holocaust. Three separate German laws, known as the West German Federal Indemnification Laws, were adopted in 1953, 1956, and 1965. They further provided for compensation in the form of one-time payments and monthly pensions to Holocaust survivors. In the years since, other agreements for reparations have also been reached.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32185/file/100914#t=8490.0,8520.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32185/file/100914/annotation_set/250/annotation/354","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eOn October 15, 1938 Henry sailed from Santiago, Cuba to San Juan, Puerto Rico. He arrived in San Juan on October 18, 1938.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32185/file/100914#t=8520.0,8550.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32185/file/100914/annotation_set/250/annotation/355","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eHenry probably arrived in London, England sometime in early 1938. Then on May 28, 1938 he traveled from London to Cuba.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32185/file/100914#t=8850.0,8880.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32185/file/100914/annotation_set/250/annotation/356","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eVichy France, known officially as the French State (État français), was the government headed by Marshal Philippe Pétain from July 1940, after the Germans invaded France, until September 1944, when the Allies liberated France. An armistice signed in June 1940 divided France into two zones: one under German military occupation and one left under French sovereignty (the Vichy government). Although it was officially neutral, Vichy France collaborated closely with Germany. The Vichy government was complicit with German racial policies, aiding and cooperating with the detainment and deportation of Jews from both occupied and unoccupied France.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32185/file/100914#t=9000.0,9030.0"}]},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32185/file/100914/index/47354","type":"AnnotationPage","label":{"en":["Henry Draker [Index]"]},"items":[{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32185/file/100914/index/47354/annotation/357","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Family Business","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Title"]}}],"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32185/file/100914#t=48.0,209.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32185/file/100914/index/47354/annotation/358","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"My father . . . let me start this way . . . my grandfather—whom I did not know because he had passed away before I was born—had founded a business in Flatow [Germany]. ","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Partial Transcript"]}}],"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32185/file/100914#t=48.0,209.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32185/file/100914/index/47354/annotation/359","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"farmer","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Flatow, Germany","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"grain","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}}],"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32185/file/100914#t=48.0,209.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32185/file/100914/index/47354/annotation/360","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"How the rise of the Nazi party changed life","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Title"]}}],"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32185/file/100914#t=209.0,508.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32185/file/100914/index/47354/annotation/361","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Everything was fine, except when the Nazi Party—which had a different name at that time . . . when they came, it got worse and worse. ","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Partial Transcript"]}}],"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32185/file/100914#t=209.0,508.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32185/file/100914/index/47354/annotation/362","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"1920s","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"antisemitism","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"inflation","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Nazi","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}}],"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32185/file/100914#t=209.0,508.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32185/file/100914/index/47354/annotation/363","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Fleeing to Berlin","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Title"]}}],"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32185/file/100914#t=508.0,901.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32185/file/100914/index/47354/annotation/364","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"When Hitler came to power, in the evening when it was dark so that he could not be seen, the chief of police in Flatow came to my father.","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Partial Transcript"]}}],"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32185/file/100914#t=508.0,901.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32185/file/100914/index/47354/annotation/365","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"arrest","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Berlin","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"hiding","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"persecution","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}}],"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32185/file/100914#t=508.0,901.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32185/file/100914/index/47354/annotation/366","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Jewish part of life","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Title"]}}],"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32185/file/100914#t=901.0,989.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32185/file/100914/index/47354/annotation/367","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"We were not known to be Jewish. There was everything. We enjoyed being there . ","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Partial Transcript"]}}],"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32185/file/100914#t=901.0,989.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32185/file/100914/index/47354/annotation/368","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"synagogue","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}}],"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32185/file/100914#t=901.0,989.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32185/file/100914/index/47354/annotation/369","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Under arrest by the Gestapo","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Title"]}}],"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32185/file/100914#t=989.0,1571.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32185/file/100914/index/47354/annotation/370","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"One day, a policeman came with the Gestapo.  My father was not home.","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Partial Transcript"]}}],"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32185/file/100914#t=989.0,1571.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32185/file/100914/index/47354/annotation/371","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Gestapo","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Palestine","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"prisoners","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}}],"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32185/file/100914#t=989.0,1571.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32185/file/100914/index/47354/annotation/372","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Charge against father","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Title"]}}],"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32185/file/100914#t=1571.0,1978.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32185/file/100914/index/47354/annotation/373","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"The charge . . . later . . . that comes later from my father . . . the charge was that he has shipped all his money to Palestine. That was a big . . . at that time, was a crime. ","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Partial Transcript"]}}],"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32185/file/100914#t=1571.0,1978.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32185/file/100914/index/47354/annotation/374","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"concentration camp","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Hammerstein","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}}],"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32185/file/100914#t=1571.0,1978.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32185/file/100914/index/47354/annotation/375","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Lichtenburg concentration camp","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Title"]}}],"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32185/file/100914#t=1978.0,2604.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/32185/file/100914/index/47354/annotation/376","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"It was called the first concentration camp of the Nazis. We came there and all of the prisoners were standing in one row. 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