{"@context":"http://iiif.io/api/presentation/3/context.json","id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/iiif/6w96688z1d/manifest","type":"Manifest","label":{"en":["Botnick, Marvin"]},"logo":"https://d9jk7wjtjpu5g.cloudfront.net/organizations/logo_images/000/000/082/original/TheBreman_SecondaryMark_Horizontal_Blue_Black.png?1713640889","metadata":[{"label":{"en":["Date"]},"value":{"en":["2018-02-16 (creation)"]}},{"label":{"en":["Format"]},"value":{"en":["Video"]}},{"label":{"en":["Source"]},"value":{"en":["William Breman Jewish Heritage Museum","Esther and Herbert Taylor Oral History Collection","Jewish Oral History Project of Atlanta"]}},{"label":{"en":["Description"]},"value":{"en":["\u003cp\u003eMarvin Botnick was interviewed by Shirley Michalove in Atlanta, Georgia on February 16, 2018 and March 13, 2018.\u003c/p\u003e (general)","\u003cp\u003eMarvin Zachariah Botnick was born on May 10, 1934 in New Orleans, Louisiana. He was the son of Molly Eisenstat Botnick and Harry Botnick. He lived in Hattiesburg, Mississippi throughout his childhood, where his father operated a dry goods store, Emporium Department Store. He had one brother, Dr. Robert “Bob” Stanley Botnick. He attended public school until enrolling at Phillips Exeter Academy, a private boarding school in New Hampshire. He graduated from Duke University in Durham, North Carolina, and relocated to Atlanta to pursue a career in finance, first as a commercial loan officer at First National Bank of Atlanta and later, as president of Mercantile National Bank. He was the editor and publisher of the Jewish Georgian, a bi-monthly newspaper in Atlanta, Georgia. He was treasurer and president at The Temple, treasurer for the Jewish Children’s Service, and a board member at the Atlanta Jewish Community Center and Whitehead Boys Club. He and his wife Miriam Pass Botnick were the parents of three children: Beth Ann Botnick Rosenberg, Karen Botnick Paz, and Harris Jeffrey Botnick. Marvin Botnick passed away on January 17, 2020 at age 85.\u003c/p\u003e (bioghist)","\u003cp\u003eMarvin talks about being born in New Orleans, Louisiana in 1934. He discusses his childhood in Hattiesburg, Mississippi. He mentions his father’s dry goods store. He talks about the synagogue in Hattiesburg and two of its prominent rabbis: Rabbi Brodey and Rabbi Mantinband.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eHe recalls few incidents of antisemitism during his childhood in Hattiesburg, while he was enrolled at Phillip Exeter Academy, or while attending Duke University. He mentions that the windows of his dad’s store were smeared with antisemitic sayings on Halloween. He recounts being told by the Dean of Men at Duke University that he was not receiving job offers because of antisemitism. He tells of Jews being excluded from membership in high school fraternities and sororities, country clubs, and fraternal organizations in Hattiesburg.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eHe talks about attending and graduating from Phillips Exeter Academy. He explains how he and his brother were driven to a synagogue in Massachussetts by another local Jewish family for the High Holy Days. He talks extensively about playing varsity lacrosse in high school and college.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eHe discusses attending Duke University in Durham, North Carolina. He mentions his activities in the Shoe ‘n’ Slipper Club, the Old Trinity Club, the Omicron Delta Kappa (ODK) honor society, and the Zeta Beta Tau (ZBT) Jewish fraternity.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eHe discusses meeting and marrying his wife Miriam Pass [Passamaneck] Botnick in Atlanta. He talks about his daughters Karen Botnick Paz and Beth Ann Botnick Rosenberg, and his son Harris Botnick. He mentions his son-in-law I. J. Rosenberg, a former sports writer for the Atlanta Journal-Constitution.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eHe recalls how he started his career at First National Bank as a commercial loan officer, the first Jewish commercial officer at a bank in Atlanta. He explains his involvement in the history of Mercantile National Bank, Merchant’s Mutual, and Atlanta Co-operative Credit Association. He tells the history of the Jewish Georgian and how he became publisher and editor. He describes the newspaper as a ‘feel-good’ bimonthly paper that does not cover local scandals, politics, birth announcements, or obituaries. He explains the challenges of publishing the paper with a limited staff and budget.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eHe tells about serving as a president at The Temple in Atlanta while Rabbi Alvin Sugarman was senior rabbi. He tells about the gift of the Selig family that made it possible for The Temple to acquire the Selig Building, and discusses his role in obtaining financing for its renovation. He tells about the formation of the Zaban Paradies Center (originally called the Temple Zaban Night Shelter for the Homeless). He discusses his participation in other organizations and their history: Jewish Educational Loan Fund (JELF), Jewish Interest Free Loan Fund of Atlanta (JIFLA), Atlanta Jewish Community Center (now Marcus Jewish Community Center of Atlanta, MJCCA), Jewish Family Services, American-Israel Chamber of Commerce, Southeast Region, Inner Harbour, and Whitehead Boys’ Club.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eHe looks back on the growth of the Jewish community in Atlanta, the challenges of funding its institutions, and ponders its future.\u003c/p\u003e (scope content)"]}},{"label":{"en":["Source Metadata URI"]},"value":{"en":["https://archivesspace.thebreman.org/repositories/2/archival_objects/28334"]}},{"label":{"en":["Rights Statement"]},"value":{"en":["\u003cp\u003eAll rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, recorded by any information storage and retrieval system, without the express written consent of the William Breman Jewish Heritage Museum.\u003c/p\u003e"]}},{"label":{"en":["Subject"]},"value":{"en":["Hattiesburg, MIssissippi (geographic term)","Atlanta, Georgia (geographic term)","Marvin Botnick (personal name)","Miriam Pass Botnick (personal name)","Karen Botnick Paz (personal name)","Beth Ann Rosenberg (personal name)","Harris Botnick (personal name)","Rabbi Alvin Sugarman (personal name)","Erwin Zaban (personal name)","Paradies Family (personal name)","Philips Exeter (corporate name)","Duke University (corporate name)","Zeta Beta Tau (corporate name)","Atlanta Co-Operative Credit Association (corporate name)","First National Bank of Atlanta (corporate name)","Mercantile National (corporate name)","Merchant's Mutual (corporate name)","National Bank of Georgia (corporate name)","Trust Company (corporate name)","Atlanta Journal-Constitution (corporate name)","Score Publishing LLC (corporate name)","Jewish Georgian (corporate name)","Atlanta Jewish Federation (corporate name)","Hebrew Union College (corporate name)","Jewish Educational Loan Fund (JELF) (corporate name)","Jewish Family and Career Services (corporate name)","The Temple (corporate name)","Zaban Paradies Night Shelter (corporate name)","Jewish Interest Free Loan Fund (JIFLA) (corporate name)","Georgia Lacrosse Foundation (corporate name)","William Breman Jewish Heritage Museum (corporate name)","Jewish Educational Alliance (JEA) (corporate name)","Amit (corporate name)","Marcus Jewish Community Center of Atlanta (MJCCA) (corporate name)","Inner Harbour (corporate name)","Whitehead Boys' and Girls' Club (corporate name)","Israel-American Chamber of Commerce (corporate name)","Ku Klux Klan (topical term)"]}}],"summary":{"en":["\u003cp\u003eMarvin Botnick was interviewed by Shirley Michalove in Atlanta, Georgia on February 16, 2018 and March 13, 2018.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eMarvin Zachariah Botnick was born on May 10, 1934 in New Orleans, Louisiana. He was the son of Molly Eisenstat Botnick and Harry Botnick. He lived in Hattiesburg, Mississippi throughout his childhood, where his father operated a dry goods store, Emporium Department Store. He had one brother, Dr. Robert “Bob” Stanley Botnick. He attended public school until enrolling at Phillips Exeter Academy, a private boarding school in New Hampshire. He graduated from Duke University in Durham, North Carolina, and relocated to Atlanta to pursue a career in finance, first as a commercial loan officer at First National Bank of Atlanta and later, as president of Mercantile National Bank. He was the editor and publisher of the Jewish Georgian, a bi-monthly newspaper in Atlanta, Georgia. He was treasurer and president at The Temple, treasurer for the Jewish Children’s Service, and a board member at the Atlanta Jewish Community Center and Whitehead Boys Club. He and his wife Miriam Pass Botnick were the parents of three children: Beth Ann Botnick Rosenberg, Karen Botnick Paz, and Harris Jeffrey Botnick. Marvin Botnick passed away on January 17, 2020 at age 85.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eMarvin talks about being born in New Orleans, Louisiana in 1934. He discusses his childhood in Hattiesburg, Mississippi. He mentions his father’s dry goods store. He talks about the synagogue in Hattiesburg and two of its prominent rabbis: Rabbi Brodey and Rabbi Mantinband.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eHe recalls few incidents of antisemitism during his childhood in Hattiesburg, while he was enrolled at Phillip Exeter Academy, or while attending Duke University. He mentions that the windows of his dad’s store were smeared with antisemitic sayings on Halloween. He recounts being told by the Dean of Men at Duke University that he was not receiving job offers because of antisemitism. He tells of Jews being excluded from membership in high school fraternities and sororities, country clubs, and fraternal organizations in Hattiesburg.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eHe talks about attending and graduating from Phillips Exeter Academy. He explains how he and his brother were driven to a synagogue in Massachussetts by another local Jewish family for the High Holy Days. He talks extensively about playing varsity lacrosse in high school and college.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eHe discusses attending Duke University in Durham, North Carolina. He mentions his activities in the Shoe ‘n’ Slipper Club, the Old Trinity Club, the Omicron Delta Kappa (ODK) honor society, and the Zeta Beta Tau (ZBT) Jewish fraternity.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eHe discusses meeting and marrying his wife Miriam Pass [Passamaneck] Botnick in Atlanta. He talks about his daughters Karen Botnick Paz and Beth Ann Botnick Rosenberg, and his son Harris Botnick. He mentions his son-in-law I. J. Rosenberg, a former sports writer for the Atlanta Journal-Constitution.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eHe recalls how he started his career at First National Bank as a commercial loan officer, the first Jewish commercial officer at a bank in Atlanta. He explains his involvement in the history of Mercantile National Bank, Merchant’s Mutual, and Atlanta Co-operative Credit Association. He tells the history of the Jewish Georgian and how he became publisher and editor. He describes the newspaper as a ‘feel-good’ bimonthly paper that does not cover local scandals, politics, birth announcements, or obituaries. He explains the challenges of publishing the paper with a limited staff and budget.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eHe tells about serving as a president at The Temple in Atlanta while Rabbi Alvin Sugarman was senior rabbi. He tells about the gift of the Selig family that made it possible for The Temple to acquire the Selig Building, and discusses his role in obtaining financing for its renovation. He tells about the formation of the Zaban Paradies Center (originally called the Temple Zaban Night Shelter for the Homeless). He discusses his participation in other organizations and their history: Jewish Educational Loan Fund (JELF), Jewish Interest Free Loan Fund of Atlanta (JIFLA), Atlanta Jewish Community Center (now Marcus Jewish Community Center of Atlanta, MJCCA), Jewish Family Services, American-Israel Chamber of Commerce, Southeast Region, Inner Harbour, and Whitehead Boys’ Club.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eHe looks back on the growth of the Jewish community in Atlanta, the challenges of funding its institutions, and ponders its future.\u003c/p\u003e"]},"requiredStatement":{"label":{"en":["Attribution"]},"value":{"en":["\u003cp\u003eAll rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, recorded by any information storage and retrieval system, without the express written consent of the William Breman Jewish Heritage Museum.\u003c/p\u003e"]}},"provider":[{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/aboutus","type":"Agent","label":{"en":["William Breman Jewish Heritage Museum"]},"homepage":[{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/","type":"Text","label":{"en":["William Breman Jewish Heritage Museum"]},"format":"text/html"}],"logo":[{"id":"https://d9jk7wjtjpu5g.cloudfront.net/organizations/logo_images/000/000/082/original/TheBreman_SecondaryMark_Horizontal_Blue_Black.png?1713640889","type":"Image"}]}],"thumbnail":[{"id":"https://d9jk7wjtjpu5g.cloudfront.net/collection_resource_files/thumbnails/000/098/744/small/Marvin_Botnick.png?1619295499","type":"Image","format":"image/png"}],"items":[{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30677/file/98744","type":"Canvas","label":{"en":["Media File 1 of 1 - Botnick_Marvin.mp4"]},"duration":5796.591,"width":640,"height":360,"thumbnail":[{"id":"https://d9jk7wjtjpu5g.cloudfront.net/collection_resource_files/thumbnails/000/098/744/small/Marvin_Botnick.png?1619295499","type":"Image","format":"image/png"}],"items":[{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30677/file/98744/content/1","type":"AnnotationPage","items":[{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30677/file/98744/content/1/annotation/1","type":"Annotation","motivation":"painting","body":{"id":"https://aviary-p-thebreman.s3.wasabisys.com/collection_resource_files/resource_files/000/098/744/original/Botnick_Marvin.mp4?1602607767","type":"Video","format":"video/mp4","duration":5796.591,"width":640,"height":360},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30677/file/98744","metadata":[]}]}],"annotations":[{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30677/file/98744/transcript/19655","type":"AnnotationPage","label":{"en":["Botnick, Marvin [Transcript]"]},"items":[{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30677/file/98744/transcript/19655/annotation/1","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"MICHALOVE: This is Shirley Michalove and I'm here with Marvin Botnick on\nFebruary 16, 2018 for the Breman Museum at the Selig Center. First, thank you\nfor agreeing to do the oral history . . .\n\nBOTNICK: Thank you for doing it.\n\nMICHALOVE: . . . for the Taylor Oral History Project of the Breman Museum. Let's\nstart with some family history. Let's talk about your childhood. When and where\nwere you ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30677/file/98744#t=0.0,30.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30677/file/98744/transcript/19655/annotation/2","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"born?\n\nBOTNICK: Both my parents were born in Belarus and they came to this country in .\n. . I won't go through the whole thing. They eventually ended up in Hattiesburg,\nMississippi. My mother lost her first child in childbirth in Hattiesburg so she\nwent to New Orleans. I have an older brother. We were both born at Touro in New\nOrleans, although the family lived in Hattiesburg. Because of the medical\nfacilities ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30677/file/98744#t=30.0,60.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30677/file/98744/transcript/19655/annotation/3","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I was born in New Orleans, but actually I'm from Hattiesburg.\n\nMICHALOVE: When where you born? Your birthday?\n\nBOTNICK: May 10, 1934. It's coming up so you can send me a present if you want.\n\nMICHALOVE: You said you had an older brother.\n\nBOTNICK: Yes.\n\nMICHALOVE: Do you have other siblings?\n\nBOTNICK: No.\n\nMICHALOVE: What did your family do in Hattiesburg?\n\nBOTNICK: My father had a store.\n\nMICHALOVE: What kind of a store?\n\nBOTNICK: Just a general dry goods store.\n\nMICHALOVE: ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30677/file/98744#t=60.0,90.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30677/file/98744/transcript/19655/annotation/4","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Describe growing up. What was it like? How many Jewish families were\nthere in Hattiesburg? What was it like Jewishly?\n\nBOTNICK: We probably had 25 families at the most. We did have a synagogue. We\ndid have a rabbi that came in the late 1930's, Rabbi Brodey. Then the war broke\nout and he went in the army. We didn't have a rabbi during the war. We had a\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30677/file/98744#t=90.0,120.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30677/file/98744/transcript/19655/annotation/5","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"rabbi afterwards and since then it's been sporadic as to what we have. Right now\n. . . We had a rabbi until a couple of years ago. I think they're interviewing\nsomebody now but they're doing part-time on the thing. We had . . . During the\nSecond World War . . . Camp Shelby is in Hattiesburg. It was the third largest\ncamp in the United States. It had 80,000 soldiers. They moved into a town of\n20,000 so ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30677/file/98744#t=120.0,150.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30677/file/98744/transcript/19655/annotation/6","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"it was a little hectic. As far as . . . I went to the public schools.\nI went to the YMCA. It was the only swimming pool we had. Everybody . . . People\nwere respectful but there was definitely a social line that didn't cover . . .\nJews were not allowed in high school fraternities or sororities. We weren't\nallowed in the country club. My ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30677/file/98744#t=150.0,180.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30677/file/98744/transcript/19655/annotation/7","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"father couldn't belong to the Elks Lodge. There\nwas no outward threats or anything like that. I think it's a reasonably idyllic\nsituation. It was very peaceful but I don't know what . . . afterwards . . . and\nI left in 1948 to go off to school. We had a rabbi, Charles Mantinband, who\nprobably was the most known of all the ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30677/file/98744#t=180.0,210.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30677/file/98744/transcript/19655/annotation/8","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"rabbis in integration. He was involved\nbefore the Civil Rights Bill. There was a lot of pressure put on the local\nmerchants as far as the integration. I had already left by then and my father\nclosed his business in 1955. My father was born in 1888. My grandfather was born\nin 1855. I'm a ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30677/file/98744#t=210.0,240.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30677/file/98744/transcript/19655/annotation/9","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"generation . . . If I go down the genealogy, my first cousins\nreally would be my second cousins by age. My mother was born in 1900. I felt my\nchildhood was rather pleasant, frankly, with certain . . . I was only beat up\none time. I was jumped by four kids one time. Other than that . . . If anybody\npushed me too hard, my friends ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30677/file/98744#t=240.0,270.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30677/file/98744/transcript/19655/annotation/10","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"would say something, which is unusual. The Ku\nKlux Klan, the headquarters in that area was in Laurel, Mississippi, which is\nabout 25 miles from Hattiesburg. I don't recall . . . I'm not saying my father\ndidn't . . . I don't recall anything other than on Halloween they used to soap\nthe windows on my dad's store with antisemitic sayings. Other than that there\nwas no cross burning. There was no marching. There was no physical threat that\nI'm aware ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30677/file/98744#t=270.0,300.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30677/file/98744/transcript/19655/annotation/11","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"of.\n\nMICHALOVE: You said you went away to school in 1948.\n\nBOTNICK: Yes.\n\nMICHALOVE: Is that when you went to Phillips Exeter?\n\nBOTNICK: Right.\n\nMICHALOVE: Why?\n\nBOTNICK: My brother had gone there before me. He was there. We are very close\nbrothers, but we're not socially close. We're very devoted to each other, but it\nwas not an issue of a social thing. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30677/file/98744#t=300.0,330.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30677/file/98744/transcript/19655/annotation/12","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Basically, when the eighth grade came up and\nthey started having parties at the country club and other things, the social\ncurtain came down. During the day everything was fine. All of a sudden I wasn't\nbeing included in some of the social activities. I decided I would just go away\nand do my own thing, with my folks encouragement. The amazing thing to me is\nthat my father never went to school in this ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30677/file/98744#t=330.0,360.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30677/file/98744/transcript/19655/annotation/13","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"country. My mother finished high\nschool in a little coal mining town in Pennsylvania. How they ever found Exeter,\nI have absolutely no idea. It was interesting. The president of the bank got\nvery upset with my father he sent his son north of the Mason Dixon Line to go to\nschool. It was an unusual situation. I'm forever thankful and appreciative of\nwhat they did. How they came up with the idea or why they did ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30677/file/98744#t=360.0,390.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30677/file/98744/transcript/19655/annotation/14","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"it, I can't tell\nyou. All I can say is thank you for doing it.\n\nMICHALOVE: What was it like? Was it culture shock to be in the North after\ngrowing up in Hattiesburg?\n\nBOTNICK: For the people at Exeter or for me?\n\nMICHALOVE: For you. Or both.\n\nBOTNICK: I think it was both. It was . . . I went there for four years. It was .\n. . I'm not that ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30677/file/98744#t=390.0,420.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30677/file/98744/transcript/19655/annotation/15","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"bright. I certainly wasn't prepared equal to a lot of the\nothers. A lot of my time was spent studying. It was . . . I don't know so much\nculture shock as . . . I had to wear shoes all the time which I didn't have to\ndo in Hattiesburg. Other than that, I was exposed to people who were raised in\nsociety in New ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30677/file/98744#t=420.0,450.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30677/file/98744/transcript/19655/annotation/16","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"York. Pete Dupont was a classmate of mine. The Firestones were\nthere. It was all boys by the way at that time, which sort of made a difference.\nIt didn't make any difference how much money you had. When you start\ninterjecting money and society into the culture, then it would change the\ndynamics. During the school, I can't really ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30677/file/98744#t=450.0,480.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30677/file/98744/transcript/19655/annotation/17","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"say that it was anything other than\nit was an adjustment. It would have been an adjustment if I had come to Atlanta.\nI came from a small town.\n\nMICHALOVE: Yes.\n\nBOTNICK: The difference . . . One of the things is the small-town Jews had to\nwork at being Jews. The city Jews did not.\n\nMICHALOVE: Were there any other Jews in your class at the school?\n\nBOTNICK: By their admission or by . . . As it turns out now, there are more and\nmore of them that are popping up. It was funny ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30677/file/98744#t=480.0,510.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30677/file/98744/transcript/19655/annotation/18","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"because one of the fellows who I\ndidn't know was Jewish . . . I went to a reunion and he was telling me why the\nschool was bigoted and prejudiced. He was from Worcester. He said that when he\nasked to go home for the High Holy Days, the dean told him he couldn't miss\nclass. My mother, who was born in Belarus, was about 5 feet 2 inches or 5 feet 3\ninches. When she took my brother up there, she went in the dean's office. She\nsaid where does my son go to ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30677/file/98744#t=510.0,540.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30677/file/98744/transcript/19655/annotation/19","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"services. He said, \"There's not . . . We don't have\na synagogue here. After class . . . \" She said, \"No. You don't understand. My\nson doesn't go to school.\" He said, \"He's gonna miss a day of school?\" She said,\n\"No, he'll miss three days. He doesn't go two days for Rosh Ha-Shanah and he\ndoesn't go one day for Yom Kippur. He never went to school those days. I never\nwent.\" I think we were the only ones in the school. The school found a Jewish\nfamily in Exeter who went to synagogue in Massachussetts and they drove ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30677/file/98744#t=540.0,570.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30677/file/98744/transcript/19655/annotation/20","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"us every\nyear to the synagogue in Massachussetts. We went to services there. I admire my\nmother, who . . .\n\nMICHALOVE: She had what you call chutzpah.\n\nBOTNICK: Yes. She had a sense of values of what was important.\n\nMICHALOVE: That's right.\n\nBOTNICK: You don't want to mess with that one.\n\nMICHALOVE: Were you involved in any activities at the school?\n\nBOTNICK: At Exeter?\n\nMICHALOVE: Yes.\n\nBOTNICK: I played varsity sports. I ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30677/file/98744#t=570.0,600.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30677/file/98744/transcript/19655/annotation/21","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"was vice president . . . We had a Southern\nclub. We put on a dance. I was in the debating society. I was in the photography\nclub. We went to school six days a week. We went Monday . . . We started . . .\nIt was like college, you didn't have to be in class. If you had a class, you had\nto be there. When you weren't in class, you could be wherever you wanted to. The\nonly rules were ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30677/file/98744#t=600.0,630.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30677/file/98744/transcript/19655/annotation/22","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"you couldn't go to the movies in town. There was one of the\nbeaches . . . The ocean was 15 miles away. One beach we couldn't go. The other\none we could. If I was out of class, we would get on a bicycle and ride to the\nbeach. We started like 8 o'clock or 8:30 in the morning. We went to 1:00 or 1:30\nor 12. We had dinner--lunch. We called it dinner in Hattiesburg ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30677/file/98744#t=630.0,660.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30677/file/98744/transcript/19655/annotation/23","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"because our main\nmeal was in the middle . . .\n\nMICHALOVE: It was in the middle of the day.\n\nBOTNICK: Then we had required athletics. At 4:30 we started classes again. That\nwas Monday, Tuesday, Thursday, and Friday. On Wednesday we only went to school\nuntil noon. Saturday, we only went to school until noon. We went six days a week.\n\nMICHALOVE: You said you were involved in sports. What sports did you play?\n\nBOTNICK: We were required . . . The varsity sport I played was lacrosse. I tell\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30677/file/98744#t=660.0,690.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30677/file/98744/transcript/19655/annotation/24","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"everybody . . . I also played four years of it in college. People say, \"Were you\ngood?\" I tell them that I was so good I'm in the Mississippi Jewish lacrosse\nhall of fame.\n\nMICHALOVE: How many other stories about the hall of fame?\n\nBOTNICK: Who cares.\n\nMICHALOVE: We won't talk. We won't ask that question.\n\nBOTNICK: It's a good story anyway.\n\nMICHALOVE: Talk to me about your time at Duke. How did you choose Duke and what\ndid you study there?\n\nBOTNICK: Again, my ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30677/file/98744#t=690.0,720.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30677/file/98744/transcript/19655/annotation/25","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"brother had gone to Duke. I decided I wanted to . . . I spent\nfour years at Exeter. It was an environment which I relish, appreciate, and\nenjoy, but I didn't want to live in that environment. I figured I'd like to come\nSouth to get back into the southern environment. I came there. I was in business\nadministration. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30677/file/98744#t=720.0,750.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30677/file/98744/transcript/19655/annotation/26","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I played four years of varsity sports. I was a starter for three\nof the four years. I was president of Shoe 'n' Slipper. We put on the two . . .\nWe brought in the big name bands. We brought in Count Basie, Les Elgart for the\ntwo Joe College weekends. I was president of campus chairs. I was ODK . . . I\nwas also in the Old Trinity Club which was a local honorary thing. I was also in\na ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30677/file/98744#t=750.0,780.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30677/file/98744/transcript/19655/annotation/27","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"fraternity.\n\nMICHALOVE: Which fraternity?\n\nBOTNICK: ZBT. Let me see if there is anything else. I was in Hoof 'N' Horn which\nis the original musical that they put on. I had some activities. I got . . . I\njump ahead. I got my job through the placement office. I hate to say it, but I\nwas in Who's Who. You know what ODK ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30677/file/98744#t=780.0,810.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30677/file/98744/transcript/19655/annotation/28","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"is?\n\nMICHALOVE: Yes.\n\nBOTNICK: I was in ODK. I was in the other thing. I wasn't getting any job\noffers. So the Dean of Men, Dean Cox, who we thought was antisemitic, called me\nin to his office and said, \"Marvin, I want you to know why you're not getting\njobs. It's because you're Jewish.\" He said, \" I will tell you this: you will\nhave a job when you leave this university. There are companies that will never\ninterview here again.\" That was unsolicited by me. I just was ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30677/file/98744#t=810.0,840.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30677/file/98744/transcript/19655/annotation/29","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"floored . . .\n\nMICHALOVE: Good for him.\n\nBOTNICK: It was wonderful.\n\nMICHALOVE: When did you meet your wife and how?\n\nBOTNICK: My wife was born in Richmond, but came here when she was four years old.\n\nMICHALOVE: Here to Atlanta?\n\nBOTNICK: Here to Atlanta. Yes. She had a friend from college who was in . . .\nwho wanted to play bridge. We had a mutual friend. My wife doesn't play bridge,\nso she needed another hand. She asked her friend, our mutual friend, Dean . . .\nHe brought me ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30677/file/98744#t=840.0,870.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30677/file/98744/transcript/19655/annotation/30","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"over to her house to play bridge. I made such a great impression.\nWhen I called her afterwards, I really floored her. When I called her afterwards\nfor a date, she said, \"Who?\"\n\nMICHALOVE: For the record, tell us her maiden name.\n\nBOTNICK: When she was born, her name was Passamaneck but her father changed it\nto Pass. P-A-S-S. People kept saying, \"How do you spell it?\" He would tell them\n. . . They would ask him . . . His name was Pass, so they asked him how do you\nspell ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30677/file/98744#t=870.0,900.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30677/file/98744/transcript/19655/annotation/31","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"it. He said, \"P as in Paul, A-S-S as in donkey. They never asked him again.\n\nMICHALOVE: That's good. When did you meet her? What year? Do you remember? Tell\nme when you and Miriam got married.\n\nBOTNICK: We got married. I do remember that.\n\nMICHALOVE: Good.\n\nBOTNICK: In 1959. In September of 1959. We probably met in ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30677/file/98744#t=900.0,930.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30677/file/98744/transcript/19655/annotation/32","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"1957 or 1958.\n\nMICHALOVE: Tell me about your children.\n\nBOTNICK: I'm lucky enough to have three children, who still will tolerate me.\nThey usually walk behind me when I tell people stories. I tell them that's a\njoke. You're supposed to laugh. I have that advantage. My oldest is 57 and she\nhas two children.\n\nMICHALOVE: Tell us names.\n\nBOTNICK: Karen. Her name now is ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30677/file/98744#t=930.0,960.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30677/file/98744/transcript/19655/annotation/33","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Paz. P-A-Z. She lives in Atlanta. She has three\nchildren. One lives here. The other right now lives in Israel. She went to\ncollege. She started at Jewish . . . She went to college and graduated in\nIsrael. She plays on a women's professional soccer team in Israel and has played\non the Israeli national women's soccer team. My second child is also a girl. She\nhas three ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30677/file/98744#t=960.0,990.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30677/file/98744/transcript/19655/annotation/34","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"kids.\n\nMICHALOVE: Her name is?\n\nBOTNICK: Beth Ann Rosenberg. She has twin . . . She has two girls that were born\non the same date. There's no other similarity, so we describe it that way rather\nthan twins.\n\nMICHALOVE: . . . as twins.\n\nBOTNICK: Then she has a son. They all live in Atlanta. They've all finished\ncollege. My son, who is Harris ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30677/file/98744#t=990.0,1020.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30677/file/98744/transcript/19655/annotation/35","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Botnick, lives in Atlanta and has three children.\nOne of them is now living in New York, working in retail. The other is a\nsophomore at the Alabama. . .\n\nMICHALOVE: Any of your grandchildren. . . .\n\nBOTNICK: . . .His wife's name is Geri and her maiden name is Logan. My\nson-in-law . . . My oldest daughter is not married. She's ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30677/file/98744#t=1020.0,1050.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30677/file/98744/transcript/19655/annotation/36","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"divorced. My middle\nchild is Rosenberg and her husband is I. J. Rosenberg.\n\nMICHALOVE: You alluded to the fact that you got a job as you left Duke.\n\nBOTNICK: Right.\n\nMICHALOVE: I assume that you came to Atlanta.\n\nBOTNICK: Right.\n\nMICHALOVE: Talk about that, when, how, and where.\n\nBOTNICK: It was when I graduated. It was in 1956. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30677/file/98744#t=1050.0,1080.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30677/file/98744/transcript/19655/annotation/37","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I was hired by the First\nNational Bank of Atlanta in a college training program to be a commercial loan\nofficer. At that time, there were no Jewish commercial officers in the City of\nAtlanta in any bank. There was Joe Hyman who was at the Trust Company and he was\nan economist. I was hired to be . . . I was the first one to be a Jewish officer\nin the bank. After I was there two weeks, I ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30677/file/98744#t=1080.0,1110.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30677/file/98744/transcript/19655/annotation/38","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"asked the person, \"Do you all know\nI'm Jewish, because I don't want to waste your money and my time if it's going\nto be a problem.\" He says, \"Yes. As a matter of fact, the board of directors of\nthe largest bank in Atlanta met to decide whether or not to offer a Jew a job.\"\nThey decided to do that.\"\n\nMICHALOVE: That was First National?\n\nBOTNICK: Yes. Subsequently, the Fulton hired Jack Balser, ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30677/file/98744#t=1110.0,1140.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30677/file/98744/transcript/19655/annotation/39","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"who was then the\nsecond commercial banking officer here.\n\nMICHALOVE: While we are talking about banks, I'm going to go to Mercantile\nNational, then we're going to go to the Jewish Georgian. Tell me how Mercantile\ncame into being.\n\nBOTNICK: I got a credit union that I was head of it too.\n\nMICHALOVE: Well, talk about the banking area.\n\nBOTNICK: After I left First National . . . While I was ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30677/file/98744#t=1140.0,1170.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30677/file/98744/transcript/19655/annotation/40","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"at First National, there\nwas a group of us trying to get a national bank charter, which was not easy at\nthat time. There were some rather influential members of the Jewish community\nthat were trying. I was with them. We were having difficulty. There was . . .\nAround that time they were having some banking ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30677/file/98744#t=1170.0,1200.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30677/file/98744/transcript/19655/annotation/41","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"problems. In banking, you have a\ncharter either from the state or the federal. They are two different licensing\nthings. There are also private banks which are not chartered and regulated by\nthe . . . they don't have to be a member of FDIC. They don't have to have\ninsurance. Some of were in Baltimore and others started failing, so they changed\nthe law to say that the private charters would no longer be honored after a\ncertain ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30677/file/98744#t=1200.0,1230.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30677/file/98744/transcript/19655/annotation/42","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"date. There was a guy, a fellow here called General Oberdorfer . . . He\nwas a reserve general and he liked all the military. His nephew is \"Gene\"\nOberdorfer. He was also Gene Oberdorfer. Gene's father Donald was General\nOberdorfer's brother, I think.\n\nMICHALOVE: He was Gene Oberdorfer I, and the Gene Oberdorfer ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30677/file/98744#t=1230.0,1260.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30677/file/98744/transcript/19655/annotation/43","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"today is II.\n\nBOTNICK: They are uncle and nephew. He had this charter and Al Garber who was in\nthe county . . . They negotiated to buy that charter and then applied to have it\nconverted to a national. There were two different groups I was involved in when\nthey were doing it. I went on the board of ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30677/file/98744#t=1260.0,1290.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30677/file/98744/transcript/19655/annotation/44","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Mercantile National. There were also\ntwo credit unions in Atlanta. There was Merchant's Mutual and Atlanta\nCo-operative Credit Association. Both of them were formed, I believe, in the\n1930's. They were formed by the local merchants and grocers who couldn't get\ncredit at the bank. They pooled their money in a credit union and they would\nloan each other money for their businesses. Al Garber controlled Merchant's\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30677/file/98744#t=1290.0,1320.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30677/file/98744/transcript/19655/annotation/45","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Mutual. When we got the charter and merged Merchant's Mutual into Mercantile\nNational Bank, I was on the board. We hired some people who were not the\ngreatest bankers in the world. The economy turned down. We had to clean house.\nThey asked me would I go in. I took it over as president and chairman until I\nwas able to go under some supervision from the ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30677/file/98744#t=1320.0,1350.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30677/file/98744/transcript/19655/annotation/46","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"control until we were able to\nnegotiate the sale of it to National Bank of Georgia. I served as president and\nchairman of it until that happened.\n\nMICHALOVE: What was your role at the Atlanta Co-operative Credit Union?\n\nBOTNICK: Atlanta Co-operative Credit was the same. After I got out, it was a\nvery small operation. I took over as chairman of that. It was a very simple\noperation. We didn't even ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30677/file/98744#t=1350.0,1380.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30677/file/98744/transcript/19655/annotation/47","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"have an office. We worked out . . . Everybody knew\neverybody. You'd fill out a form and you did this. We had savings accounts. We\ndidn't have any checking accounts. It got to the point with . . . You remember\nY2K? Does that ring a bell with you?\n\nMICHALOVE: Yes.\n\nBOTNICK: The banking authorities . . . At that time we were a state-chartered\ncredit union. The thing about the law is if you are a ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30677/file/98744#t=1380.0,1410.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30677/file/98744/transcript/19655/annotation/48","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"national bank, you have to\nhave 'national' in the name. If you're a state bank, you cannot have it.\nSuntrust is a state charter and there's no 'national' in it. If you look at Bank\nof America, it will say Bank of America NA, which is 'national association'.\nIt's a national charter. Credit unions are also chartered by local things. They\nwere limited to specific companies or patterns. Our charter, we got it ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30677/file/98744#t=1410.0,1440.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30677/file/98744/transcript/19655/annotation/49","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"somehow .\n. . The Atlanta Co-operative, our field of membership was the United States.\nThey made us bring . . . before I got it. We were limited to just the state of\nGeorgia. It was not an attempt to build a business. It was there as a service to\nother people. When Y2K, among other things . . . We started getting letters from\nthe regulatory authority that said we had to submit a plan on our ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30677/file/98744#t=1440.0,1470.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30677/file/98744/transcript/19655/annotation/50","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"computer of\nhow we were going to face it.\n\nMICHALOVE: Let me interrupt you there and explain for those in posterity, who\ndon't know that Y2K was the panic when the millennium came, when we went from\n1999 to 2000. Everybody panicked because they thought computers couldn't handle that.\n\nBOTNICK: When they wrote programs, there was an expiration date. The longest\nthat they ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30677/file/98744#t=1470.0,1500.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30677/file/98744/transcript/19655/annotation/51","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"went was 1999, so there was a question . . . I had a program that was\nnot there. When I would go in, it would kick me back to 1909, because . . . it\ncouldn't handle . . . It wasn't in the calendar. They kept coming to us at the\ncredit union wanting to know what our plan was and how we were going to\nmodernize our . . . handle our computer. We kept telling them we don't even own\na computer. They kept on and kept ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30677/file/98744#t=1500.0,1530.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30677/file/98744/transcript/19655/annotation/52","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"on. Finally I told them, \"If you would like,\nI'll send you my pencil with the eraser and my columnar pad and you can work\nwhatever program you want.\" The regulations just got to be horrendous. We\nfigured the best thing . . . We were going. . . We didn't have a staff. We\ndidn't have attorneys. Eventually, there's going to be a problem from a legal,\ntechnical . . . so we merged it into another credit union and shut it down.\n\nMICHALOVE: Now I'm going to skip ahead. I'll come back to a ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30677/file/98744#t=1530.0,1560.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30677/file/98744/transcript/19655/annotation/53","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"lot of other things\nif we have the time. Talk about the Jewish Georgian. You are listed on the\nmasthead as the editor and publisher. How or why did the Jewish Georgian come\ninto being? How did you get involved?\n\nBOTNICK: Let me give a little synopsis. My handwriting is ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30677/file/98744#t=1560.0,1590.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30677/file/98744/transcript/19655/annotation/54","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"horrible. Part of it\nis because I can't spell. If I make it illegible, you don't know that I've\nmisspelled the words. There's a method for how you handle it, you see.\n\nMICHALOVE: I'll have to remember that.\n\nBOTNICK: I was not very . . . In expressing myself, sometimes I would. . . .\nWhen I was bar mitzvahed, my mother wouldn't let me write my thank you notes.\nShe wrote them for me. That tells you how adequate I am with the English\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30677/file/98744#t=1590.0,1620.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30677/file/98744/transcript/19655/annotation/55","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"language. The Jewish Georgian was started, I believe, 1990. Gene Asher. . . .\nGene was a native of Atlanta. He had graduated from Henry Grady School of\nJournalism at the University of Georgia. He had been the sports, the prep sports\neditor of the Journal-Constitution. He had left there and gone into the\ninsurance business. His first love was ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30677/file/98744#t=1620.0,1650.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30677/file/98744/transcript/19655/annotation/56","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"still sports. The Southern Israelite had\nmade a transition after Adolph Rosenberg died. It went through several\niterations. It eventually was sold to a newspaper out of Baltimore that is a\nvery large paper. It had a number of different things. They kept sending people\ndown. They didn't know anything about Atlanta.\n\nMICHALOVE: Or the South. Or ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30677/file/98744#t=1650.0,1680.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30677/file/98744/transcript/19655/annotation/57","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"the real South.\n\nBOTNICK: Okay. There was a group of people that felt like there needed to be\nsome local. . . They lost the local content. They felt they lost the local\ncontent. Gene decided we needed to have another paper. He got a couple of people\nwho had worked with him before and they started the Jewish Georgian. Gene would\ngive out assignments. He would ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30677/file/98744#t=1680.0,1710.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30677/file/98744/transcript/19655/annotation/58","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"deliver the paper. He did it for about a year or\ntwo. He had an advisory board which I was not involved with. One of the people\non the advisory board was Sam Appel, who is a friend of mine. Gene wanted to see\nif the paper could survive, but he didn't want to be responsible for running it.\nNobody wanted the paper. Finally, he said, \"I'll give it to somebody if they'll\ntake it.\" He said something to Sam and ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30677/file/98744#t=1710.0,1740.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30677/file/98744/transcript/19655/annotation/59","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Sam came to me. I said, you know I don't\nhave anything to do right now. I'll give it a shot. My father told me never have\na partner. It's very difficult. I told Sam, either you're going to run it or I'm\ngoing to run it. We can't do it together because then you get . . . It ended up\nthat we bought the paper for a nominal amount. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30677/file/98744#t=1740.0,1770.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30677/file/98744/transcript/19655/annotation/60","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I didn't know the first thing\nabout it. We started putting it out and people were kind enough to hold our\nhands and guide us along the way. Gradually we've learned a little about how to\ndo it. We have maintained . . . What we try to do is that we say it's a\nfeel-good paper. There are no letters to the editor in there because everybody\nwants to complain. There are no obituaries or birth announcements, ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30677/file/98744#t=1770.0,1800.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30677/file/98744/transcript/19655/annotation/61","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"because we\nonly come out every two months. The paper would be full of them. The philosophy\nis that we would like there to be some connection to the Jewish community and\nsome tie to Georgia. When you put it down, you feel good. It's a feel-good\npaper. We've had instances in Atlanta where there have been some people involved\nin some communal activities. There's been some money that's been missing. We\nwill ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30677/file/98744#t=1800.0,1830.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30677/file/98744/transcript/19655/annotation/62","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"not report on that. We will not cover that kind of information. There are\nother people that can do it. We don't cover politics. We don't deal with\nnational or international. We don't cover Israel, because I don't think we know\n. . . The people that do it, don't know it either. I don't think they need\nMarvin Botnick to explain what's happening in the Middle East with Iran. I don't\nthink so. We stay away from that. We stay away from politics because we don't\nwant to be in a position of ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30677/file/98744#t=1830.0,1860.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30677/file/98744/transcript/19655/annotation/63","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"advocating one or the other. Just because someone is\nJewish, does not . . . We went through this at The Temple when I was involved.\nThere was a man who was Jewish, who was not the best-respected person and he\nwanted The Temple . . . We took the policy that we're not going to back any\ncandidate. Once you do one, you got to do the other. We get people all the time\nthat want to submit . . . We got somebody now that wants to submit some\ninformation on medical how to do ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30677/file/98744#t=1860.0,1890.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30677/file/98744/transcript/19655/annotation/64","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"this. We don't want that because I don't know\nthey know what they're talking about. I don't know enough to check it. We spend\nan inordinate amount of time on grammar and proofing all the time. As bad as I\nam, I try at least not to show it in public. We've got three people that proof\nthe paper two or three times before we . . . I'm not saying we do it perfectly,\nbut we put a lot of ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30677/file/98744#t=1890.0,1920.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30677/file/98744/transcript/19655/annotation/65","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"emphasis on grammatically expressing it properly. If we\ndon't . . . If somebody doesn't stand up and stop this thing with the LOL or\nwhatever else they have, we're just bastardizing the language. What happens is\nthat people's vocabulary . . . I don't know if you want all this philosophy. It\ngets less and less and so they can't express themselves. We get a lot of 'you\nknow' and . . .\n\nMICHALOVE: . . . 'so' and ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30677/file/98744#t=1920.0,1950.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30677/file/98744/transcript/19655/annotation/66","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"'like'. Tell me how you get your columnists. Most of\nthem seem to be local or have some connection to Atlanta.\n\nBOTNICK: Some of them came with it when we got it. Unfortunately, they're\ngetting a little older as we all are. People will call up. It's amazing. If you\ntalk to a lot of people, they all were the editors of their high school\nnewspaper. They want to ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30677/file/98744#t=1950.0,1980.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30677/file/98744/transcript/19655/annotation/67","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"write. We're happy to have them write. If they meet our\ncriteria . . . We don't have reporters. I can't support a sales staff on six\nissues a year. We just have to get ads where we can get them and try to support\nthe paper. We try as best we can ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30677/file/98744#t=1980.0,2010.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30677/file/98744/transcript/19655/annotation/68","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"to . . . Most publications that I am now an\nexpert in knowing all about have a ratio of ads to copy. What they do is they\nlay out the ads. The Journal-Constitution probably has 60-40, 60 percent ads, 40\npercent copy. The reason the paper is smaller is not because there's less news,\nbut there are less ads. We're not smart enough to be a weekly. Whatever copy\ncomes in and hopefully we can get some ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30677/file/98744#t=2010.0,2040.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30677/file/98744/transcript/19655/annotation/69","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"ads to go with it I would think. There\nare several things we've done.. I was very much in favor of the day schools. We\ngive a substantial amount of space to the Jewish day schools. The cost of it is\nnot covered. Although I'm past president of a Reform congregation, the kosher\ncommunity is unrepresented in anything in ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30677/file/98744#t=2040.0,2070.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30677/file/98744/transcript/19655/annotation/70","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Atlanta. We have at least two pages or\nmore of kosher in our paper. That's part of being Jewish also. We do that. It's\na question of maintaining of who and what we are. That's part of what my ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30677/file/98744#t=2070.0,2100.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30677/file/98744/transcript/19655/annotation/71","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"outlook\nis. I'm in favor of integration, but not assimilation. To the extent that I can\nbring into focus for people those issues that are universally Jewish . . . I'll\nhave to look it up . . . The definition of a church is a house of God. The\ndefinition of a synagogue is a house of assembly, worship, ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30677/file/98744#t=2100.0,2130.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30677/file/98744/transcript/19655/annotation/72","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and learning. There's\na completely different concept between them. We grew up in a Christian society\nso we see the world through Christian eyes. I would like, to the extent I can,\nto bring back into focus the people to . . . Don't go study the Buddhists. How\nabout learning what is yours?\n\nMICHALOVE: How did it come to be that it's a giveaway, that it's ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30677/file/98744#t=2130.0,2160.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30677/file/98744/transcript/19655/annotation/73","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"been so many\nplaces that people don't have to subscribe?\n\nBOTNICK: That's the way it started. I don't think there will be . . . What's\nhappening now . . . I don't know if you get the Jewish Times. I got a package\nthe other day. They said, \"Please, our subscription is the lowest it's ever\nbeen.\" People don't want to subscribe to the paper. They might read one piece.\nWe cut our sales anyway. One of the good things about our paper is you ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30677/file/98744#t=2160.0,2190.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30677/file/98744/transcript/19655/annotation/74","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"don't . .\n. There's not going to be another issue in seven days. If you want to read an\narticle and put it down, you can pick it up next week and read another article.\nThere's hopefully that continual thing. From a practical . . . I don't have a\nstaff. I have one lady who's worked with me forever before I started the paper.\nThe two of us are the only people in the office. We have an arrangement. We have\na lady who lives in North Carolina ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30677/file/98744#t=2190.0,2220.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30677/file/98744/transcript/19655/annotation/75","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that fact checks the articles for us and does\nsome input. I have a lady in Jonesboro that does graphics. I have another guy in\nFlorida that does the graphics. I have a man that delivers. He's on contract.\nOther than this lady and myself, there's nobody that's in an office to answer a telephone.\n\nMICHALOVE: You don't have a huge overhead.\n\nBOTNICK: No. The paper can't support ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30677/file/98744#t=2220.0,2250.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30677/file/98744/transcript/19655/annotation/76","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"anything. It does good to pay for the cost\nof putting it out. You asked me. I'm telling you.\n\nMICHALOVE: That's why I am asking.\n\nBOTNICK: Okay. That's why I'm telling you.\n\nMICHALOVE: In your bio, you mention, Eisenbot Limited. Tell me about that.\n\nBOTNICK: That's who owns the Jewish Georgian.\n\nMICHALOVE: Okay.\n\nBOTNICK: It was a legal entity that I already had. I was too cheap to form\nanother one, so I registered the trade ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30677/file/98744#t=2250.0,2280.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30677/file/98744/transcript/19655/annotation/77","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Jewish Georgian owned by Eisenbot\nLimited. That's its function.\n\nMICHALOVE: What about Score Publishing LLC?\n\nBOTNICK: My son-in-law I. J. Rosenberg was a beat writer for the\nJournal-Constitution, the Braves beat writer, plus other things. He wanted to\nget back into sports marketing and putting out a paper, so we worked together.\nHe does all . . . I handle the books and do the internal ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30677/file/98744#t=2280.0,2310.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30677/file/98744/transcript/19655/annotation/78","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"stuff. I'm not involved\nin the day-to-day things. When you go to a Falcon game or Atlanta United, they\ngive you a program. We design, layout, and print all those that are . . . We\ndistribute them in the thing. We broadcast on line Friday night high school\nfootball. We put out for Georgia High ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30677/file/98744#t=2310.0,2340.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30677/file/98744/transcript/19655/annotation/79","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"School Athletic Association the\npublications for their championships. It's all sports-related. We're in the same\noffice. I was involved during the formation of it but it's really his to do.\nLike I told him, \"I'm there to help my daughter.\"\n\nMICHALOVE: Look, that's what we all do.\n\nBOTNICK: Hopefully.\n\nMICHALOVE: We've got a little bit of time left. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30677/file/98744#t=2340.0,2370.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30677/file/98744/transcript/19655/annotation/80","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Let's talk about when you were\npresident of The Temple. Talk about the time . . . I know it was in 1983 to\n1985. What were the major things . . . First of all, who was the senior rabbi\nand who were the assistants at that time.\n\nBOTNICK: The senior rabbi was Rabbi Alvin Sugarman. We had several. It was not\njust one. I don't remember which particular one.\n\nMICHALOVE: Did they still have ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30677/file/98744#t=2370.0,2400.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30677/file/98744/transcript/19655/annotation/81","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"the rule that an assistant could only stay three\nyears at that time?\n\nBOTNICK: It wasn't a rule . . . That's the way . . .\n\nMICHALOVE: It was an unwritten rule.\n\nBOTNICK: Yes. The Reform movement has a rabbinic association. The rabbinic\nassociation has a placement office. There are-- ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30677/file/98744#t=2400.0,2430.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30677/file/98744/transcript/19655/annotation/82","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"at least there were--three\nlevels of being a rabbi. There's an 'a', 'b', and 'c' congregation. When you\ngraduate from Hebrew Union College, you are qualified for a 'c' congregation,\nwhich is a small . . .\n\nMICHALOVE: When you say small, size is my understanding.\n\nBOTNICK: Yes. You are also qualified to be an assistant at an 'a' congregation.\nSo they can meet that 'c' requirement if they are an ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30677/file/98744#t=2430.0,2460.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30677/file/98744/transcript/19655/annotation/83","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"assistant. They can move\nthem there to a 'b'. They can't move to an 'a'. So they go up this progression.\n\nMICHALOVE: Alvin being the only one that I know of who was an exception to that\nrule. With Jacob Rothschild died, he was an assistant. He had just gotten out of\nrabbinic school. He was an assistant. He had been there two or three years.\n\nBOTNICK: He was an assistant. He had been a student . . . He had ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30677/file/98744#t=2460.0,2490.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30677/file/98744/transcript/19655/annotation/84","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"been in Mobile\nand a couple of other places, but I don't know that he had any position other\nthan The Temple. I think you're right on that.\n\nMICHALOVE: I think he was in Mobile before he went to rabbinic school, or maybe\nas a student rabbi. He was Rabbi Jack Rothschild's assistant when Jack died.\n\nBOTNICK: And Rabbi Jack Rothschild wanted him. He pushed very hard for him to\nget that.\n\nMICHALOVE: He's the only exception I've ever heard of to that ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30677/file/98744#t=2490.0,2520.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30677/file/98744/transcript/19655/annotation/85","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"rule.\n\nBOTNICK: You can bypass it, but if you don't conform and you want to go back,\nthey're not too receptive. Because a senior rabbi wanted that and the\ncongregation wanted it, they were able to do that.\n\nMICHALOVE: Alvin grew up at The Temple. Tell me about anything that was\noutstanding or contentious during your tenure.\n\nBOTNICK: ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30677/file/98744#t=2520.0,2550.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30677/file/98744/transcript/19655/annotation/86","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I want to tell you about a view . . .\n\nMICHALOVE: That's what we want.\n\nBOTNICK: It's not necessarily factual, so I'm not trying to be . . . You asking\nme a question. I'm going to try to answer. In my view, The Temple was in a state\nof possibly the rise and decline of a major congregation. When we bought the\nbuilding next ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30677/file/98744#t=2550.0,2580.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30677/file/98744/transcript/19655/annotation/87","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"door, one of the reasons we did that was because we were having to\nhave religious school two different days. We could not . . . By the time we got\nit fixed up, we didn't need it anymore. Our religious school had dropped maybe\nover 100 students. We sort of lost . . . It's not something The Temple had did\nwrong. There was the emergence of other congregations. By the way, as you ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30677/file/98744#t=2580.0,2610.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30677/file/98744/transcript/19655/annotation/88","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"know,\nThe Temple really sponsored and helped Sinai get started because of the need. We\nwent through several internal studies on whether to stay where we were, to move\nout, or to open a branch. We determined that it was the right thing for us to do\nto stay where we are because we were the presence of the Jewish community on\nPeachtree Street other than the ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30677/file/98744#t=2610.0,2640.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30677/file/98744/transcript/19655/annotation/89","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Center. It gave us identity on a major street in\nAtlanta. We decided to stay there. That was one of the things we were faced\nwith. A couple of things that I was a party to. One of them was, ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30677/file/98744#t=2640.0,2670.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30677/file/98744/transcript/19655/annotation/90","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I prepared a\nmemorandum to present to the board of what I wanted to accomplish in three or\nfour pages. One of them was to put in place a teachable Judaism. I tell you that\nif you go after the Jewish community to get them to the sanctuary, you're not\ngoing to have . . . If you go into it to get them to Friendship, which was\nFriendship Hall, they'll end up at ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30677/file/98744#t=2670.0,2700.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30677/file/98744/transcript/19655/annotation/91","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"the sanctuary. My concept was rather than\ntrying to tell them how to say which blessing in Hebrew or English, try to find\nsomething that would engage them. They passed that. The year before, we had been\napproached about opening a shelter, which the administration at that point\nturned down. They didn't want any part of it. Alvin came and said that they'd\ncome to talk to him, and would I meet with them. I said yes. We met and we\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30677/file/98744#t=2700.0,2730.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30677/file/98744/transcript/19655/annotation/92","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"talked. I said, do it. He said, \"Don't you need to go to the Board?\" I said no.\nI got this notion that I got this outline that they already . . . that we're\ngoing to put into teaching, in the practice of teaching. If they don't like it,\nthey'll fire me. That's how in ten days later we opened the Shelter.\n\nMICHALOVE: How did you get Erwin Zaban to help underwrite it?\n\nBOTNICK: That was later.\n\nMICHALOVE: That was later?\n\nBOTNICK: At that time, Bernie Howard and Ike ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30677/file/98744#t=2730.0,2760.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30677/file/98744/transcript/19655/annotation/93","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Feldman . . . Erwin participated in\nsupplying the linens. One guy told me, \"Look, we'll do it. We'll use our space,\nbut we can't afford to support . . . We don't have the money to support it. We\ncan't buy the furniture. Ike Feldman was in the furniture business. He said,\n\"You open it, I'll get you the furniture donated.\" Bernie says, \"You need\nplumbing . . . \" We had to put in new plumbing, a washing machine. He said,\n\"I'll raise that money.\" Erwin says, \"I'll ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30677/file/98744#t=2760.0,2790.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30677/file/98744/transcript/19655/annotation/94","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"furnish the linens.\" So it removed\nthe financial restriction. We were able to do it. I feel that was a . . . . One\nof the other things . . . When I first came to Atlanta and I went to The Temple,\nthere were several things that were unusual to me. One was the electronic door\nto the Ark. The other was the sukkah. The sukkah was ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30677/file/98744#t=2790.0,2820.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30677/file/98744/transcript/19655/annotation/95","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"built on the bimah, which\nby definition can't qualify.\n\nMICHALOVE: It wasn't a sukkah because you couldn't see the stars.\n\nBOTNICK: I went there. I looked over there and the Sunday school kids would\nbring canned food. They had all the canned food they were giving away. There's a\ncan of pork and beans sitting up there. When I got to be the president, one of\nthe first things we did is the next year the sukkah was moved outside. It was\nbuilt outside. They ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30677/file/98744#t=2820.0,2850.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30677/file/98744/transcript/19655/annotation/96","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"said we'll get the maintenance staff . . . I said no. If we\ncan't build our own sukkah, we're not going to have a sukkah. The members need\nto build that sukkah. We moved it out and it's been out there since. The other\nthing is I relied very heavily on the sisterhood. I was convinced if we could\nget some of the shining lights in the female community to be involved, that\nothers would ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30677/file/98744#t=2850.0,2880.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30677/file/98744/transcript/19655/annotation/97","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"follow. That was one of the ways that I tried to do it. The other\nthing is, when we bought what is now the Selig building, the Selig family, Mr.\nSelig, gave us what was at that time the largest single gift given in the Jewish\ncommunity of Atlanta. It was not enough to pay for the whole building. It was\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30677/file/98744#t=2880.0,2910.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30677/file/98744/transcript/19655/annotation/98","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"maybe 80 percent of it. We had a building fund drive. We had to fix the roof and\nother things. When we got through, the Selig building needed a new roof and\nHVAC, and we didn't have any money. You understand, you're going to a member to\nask to increase the dues. If you buy a building that's sitting vacant, how do\nyou explain to them now that you need money. I set ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30677/file/98744#t=2910.0,2940.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30677/file/98744/transcript/19655/annotation/99","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"about trying to solve that\nproblem. I went to the Community Center and I went to the Federation. I said,\n\"Look. You all need space.\" It didn't work. So, I talked to Mark Jacobson. At\nthe time, what is now the Jewish Family and Career Services was the Jewish\nFamily Services at that time.\n\nMICHALOVE: Right.\n\nBOTNICK: Max Cuba, who was a very generous person, had left when he ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30677/file/98744#t=2940.0,2970.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30677/file/98744/transcript/19655/annotation/100","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"died, I\nthink, $150,000 to the Jewish Family Services for bricks and mortar. They\ncouldn't spend it to operate on. The Federation wanted them out. They needed the\nspace. They couldn't find space. I told Mark, who is our executive director,\nwould he call the head of Jewish Family Services and see if could ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30677/file/98744#t=2970.0,3000.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30677/file/98744/transcript/19655/annotation/101","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"meet. One of\nthe problems in communal activity is nobody wants to say that they would ask\nanybody for anything. They always want to say, \"They came to me and I did it.\" I\nsaid, \"Mark, will you please set up a breakfast with your counterpart and the\npresident. I went to them . . . We went together and I said, \"Look. You've got\n$150,000 . . . that you can't spend because you can't find the space. We got a\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30677/file/98744#t=3000.0,3030.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30677/file/98744/transcript/19655/annotation/102","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"building and we got space, but we don't have the money. If you will loan us\n$150,000 for 10 years, we will rent you the space at below-market rate so you\ncan move out.\" They took the ground floor. We got the money to fix the building\nup, to bring it on line. The rent we got was enough to pay the loan back, so we\ndidn't have to come out of pocket and we brought it on. They entered the lease,\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30677/file/98744#t=3030.0,3060.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30677/file/98744/transcript/19655/annotation/103","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"which I signed on behalf of The Temple. I was also at that time president of\nJewish Educational Loan Fund and we needed space, so we sublet from Jewish\nFamily Services. I signed the lease for Jewish Educational Loan Fund with Jewish\nFamily Services. I signed the lease for The Temple. I don't know whether they're\ngoing to throw me in jail when they see this, or not.\n\nMICHALOVE: Some year, somebody is going to look and say, \"Wait a minute. How can\nhe do all this? How can he wear so many ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30677/file/98744#t=3060.0,3090.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30677/file/98744/transcript/19655/annotation/104","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"hats?\"\n\nBOTNICK: Because it worked. It made sense. Everybody got what they wanted. We\ngot the building up. It's been wonderful.\n\nMICHALOVE: The top floor is the Zaban Shelter.\n\nBOTNICK: Right. Now. It wasn't then. We were using it for our religious school\nat that time.\n\nMICHALOVE: I used to volunteer when it was the religious school.\n\nBOTNICK: I have to tell you, just as an aside. The day we opened the shelter,\nthe night we opened, it snowed. Alvin and I went down to pick up ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30677/file/98744#t=3090.0,3120.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30677/file/98744/transcript/19655/annotation/105","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"the original\npeople. We both spent the night there. The next morning I see Alvin is going\ndown . . . I said, \"Where are you going?\" He said, \"I'm going down to my office.\nI'm going to get my coat and give it to them.\" I said, \"Alvin, you cannot clothe\neverybody in the world.\" That's a wonderful gesture. You don't need to be doing\nthat .You're doing enough. But that's Alvin.\n\nMICHALOVE: We've got ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30677/file/98744#t=3120.0,3150.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30677/file/98744/transcript/19655/annotation/106","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"about five more minutes before our deadline. Tell me about\nthe Jewish Educational Loan Fund and the Jewish Interest Free Loan Fund. Are\nthey a different iteration of the same group or are they two different entities?\n\nBOTNICK: No. Two different entities.\n\nMICHALOVE: Explain that to me.\n\nBOTNICK: Jewish Educational Loan Fund goes back to the Hebrew Orphans' Home.\nIt's an outgrowth of ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30677/file/98744#t=3150.0,3180.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30677/file/98744/transcript/19655/annotation/107","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that. The mission at this point is to make interest-free\nloans to Jewish students originally from a defined area for secondary education,\nfor college education. It was started . . . There's also an orphans' home in New\nOrleans. It was ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30677/file/98744#t=3180.0,3210.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30677/file/98744/transcript/19655/annotation/108","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"fostered by B'nai B'rith. They wanted a home in each of the\ndistricts. New Orleans was the head of the sixth B'nai B'rith district. We are\nin the fifth B'nai B'rith district. What happened was they said whatever\ncommunity raised the most money, that's where we will put it. That's how the\nJewish Orphans' Asylum ended up here. In the 1930's we ran out of the necessity\nof having a home of sorts. They owned the ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30677/file/98744#t=3210.0,3240.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30677/file/98744/transcript/19655/annotation/109","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"property. They had a little money.\nThey sold the property. I don't know how much you want to know. That's the . . .\n\nMICHALOVE: What's the difference between JELF, the Jewish Educational Loan Fund,\nand the Jewish Interest Free Loan Fund. My understanding is that if you borrow\nmoney from the Jewish Educational Loan Fund or JELF, that it too is interest-free.\n\nBOTNICK: That's correct. The difference is . . . JELF, by the ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30677/file/98744#t=3240.0,3270.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30677/file/98744/transcript/19655/annotation/110","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"way, is probably\nthe largest interest-free loan institution in the United States for Jewish kids\nfrom college, strictly college. Most communities--I think it goes probably back\nto Philadelphia with the first Jewish Interest Free Loan Association--were set\nup like a credit union. It was to help the people who didn't have any money,\nthat needed medical. We had two of them ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30677/file/98744#t=3270.0,3300.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30677/file/98744/transcript/19655/annotation/111","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"here at one time that went out of\nexistence. I think the last one was run by the AA. During the Great Depression,\nthings didn't go well. There's a group I was involved in forming. We split off\nof Yad L'Yad, which is an Orthodox organization that provides food and clothing\nfor the Orthodox community that is ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30677/file/98744#t=3300.0,3330.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30677/file/98744/transcript/19655/annotation/112","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"destitute. We split off and formed our own\norganization. I was involved in that. I was the original treasurer on the board.\nThere were three of us in the beginning. Its purpose is to make interest-free\nloans to Jewish people--it was originally allowed that we'd go outside\nAtlanta--that are ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30677/file/98744#t=3330.0,3360.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30677/file/98744/transcript/19655/annotation/113","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"unable to get credit from the normal source, except for\neducational purposes. If you have a kid going to college and you need a loan and\nyou come to the Jewish Interest Free Loan, we would not make that loan.\n\nMICHALOVE: So it's everything but college. If they need it for college, they go\nto JELF.\n\nBOTNICK: Right.\n\nMICHALOVE: So that's the difference.\n\nBOTNICK: Right.\n\nMICHALOVE: Can we stop here ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30677/file/98744#t=3360.0,3390.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30677/file/98744/transcript/19655/annotation/114","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Jeremy? This is Shirley Michalove. I'm here with\nMartin Botnick on March 13, 2018 at the Breman Museum. We're continuing the\ninterview that began on February 16, 2018. Thank you for agreeing to come back.\nLet's start with your term as president of The Temple. We talked about that a\nlittle bit before and you wanted to add to it. Tell ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30677/file/98744#t=3390.0,3420.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30677/file/98744/transcript/19655/annotation/115","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"me what else you remember.\n\nBOTNICK: The endowment fund . . . I was not involved. In the 1940's when Jack\nRothschild came, part of the compensation to the rabbi--and which still is, as\nin many congregations--is tied to honorariums for doing funerals and weddings.\nJack didn't do that because he felt that those were able to give ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30677/file/98744#t=3420.0,3450.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30677/file/98744/transcript/19655/annotation/116","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"greater\npayments would expect greater services. He did not believe in that. So they did\naway with that and they increased his compensation. They created an endowment\nfund so that the money, then as now, that comes in to The Temple does not go to\na particular clergy member or member of the staff. It goes into an endowment\nfund. There is a rabbi's discretionary fund that's in ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30677/file/98744#t=3450.0,3480.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30677/file/98744/transcript/19655/annotation/117","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"there that he can direct\nthose funds for subscriptions or if he wants to help somebody. He does not get\nthe personal benefit of that. As they started, they built up a little money.\nOriginally, my understanding was that they wanted to use those funds to provide\nadditional activities at The Temple that couldn't be funded by the budget. They\noccasionally brought ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30677/file/98744#t=3480.0,3510.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30677/file/98744/transcript/19655/annotation/118","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"in speakers to meetings and they would pay for it. As we\nwent along, it built up . . . We had $300,000 maybe in it. The building needed\nsome repairs. At that time to repair the roof was $60,000 to $100,000.\nArchitecturally, it was a very challenging task. They borrowed the money from\nthe endowment fund and they used it. They had a building fund ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30677/file/98744#t=3510.0,3540.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30677/file/98744/transcript/19655/annotation/119","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"supposedly. They\ngot money from that and they never put it back into the endowment fund . . .\nrepaid it. When I came in, there was certainly some money in the building fund,\nbut nothing in the endowment fund. One of the first things I did was to write a\ncheck into the endowment fund. Then we hired for the first time a professional\nmoney manager who, at that time, was Tony Montag of Montag Associates. That we\nbegan ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30677/file/98744#t=3540.0,3570.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30677/file/98744/transcript/19655/annotation/120","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and set up a committee to handle it. Now, that endowment fund with pledges\nand money is somewhere between $30 million and $40 million. Because of that, The\nTemple has been able to maintain services with the cost . . . When I was\ntreasurer, the budget was $300,000. The rabbi got $25,000 or $30,000 a year. The\nexecutive secretary ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30677/file/98744#t=3570.0,3600.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30677/file/98744/transcript/19655/annotation/121","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"got $12,000 a year. As it's gone up, it's hard. You can't\nincrease the dues fast enough to keep up with the expenses. Building an\nendowment like this, we now have the wherewithal to add services when we don't\nhave to necessarily hit on the budget. If we come up with some shortfall,\nthere's an endowment fund that handle it. We're very fortunate. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30677/file/98744#t=3600.0,3630.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30677/file/98744/transcript/19655/annotation/122","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I was not the\nparty that raised all the money, but I think I did put in place the thing. Then\nI was involved . . . Originally, the endowment fund was a committee. I wanted it\npart of the bylaws after I was off and I pushed for that. Now it is a separate\nentity under the bylaws. I think it's also a separate tax entity. There is some\nseparation ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30677/file/98744#t=3630.0,3660.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30677/file/98744/transcript/19655/annotation/123","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"between the day to day operation of the budget and the endowment\nfund, which is gathering money.\n\nMICHALOVE: Did you have just one endowment fund or several main funds and this\nis a catch-all?\n\nBOTNICK: This is the umbrella governance with all the different funds. We have a\nnumber of different funds. The Zaban Paradies Night Shelter is a separate\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30677/file/98744#t=3660.0,3690.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30677/file/98744/transcript/19655/annotation/124","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"entity. It was originally part of The Temple. It was spun off and there are\nparties other than The Temple that are involved in that now also. The Paradies\nfamily, Dan Paradies' family, just gave a million dollars in support of that.\n\nMICHALOVE: Which changed . . .\n\nBOTNICK: Yes.\n\nMICHALOVE: Is there anything else you wanted us to know about? Your tenure at\nThe ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30677/file/98744#t=3690.0,3720.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30677/file/98744/transcript/19655/annotation/125","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Temple . . . I think we covered a lot of that.\n\nBOTNICK: The endowment fund is a critical . . .\n\nMICHALOVE: It's a big part of . . .\n\nBOTNICK: . . . the liability and why The Temple is able to do things that a lot\nof other congregations cannot do and can have the clergy and the staff that's\nnecessary to support it. There are people that make big salaries, but if you're\ngoing to build an endowment you have ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30677/file/98744#t=3720.0,3750.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30677/file/98744/transcript/19655/annotation/126","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"to somehow get the old money that's\nstopped. You can't write a check big enough out of your salary to do it. The\npeople who have been able to accumulate investment things, they can transfer\nthat. It's very important to build that base.\n\nMICHALOVE: That's for sure. Now I want to go back to something else we talked\nabout. You said that when you were at Phillips Exeter, you played varsity lacrosse.\n\nBOTNICK: Yes.\n\nMICHALOVE: My son told me to ask ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30677/file/98744#t=3750.0,3780.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30677/file/98744/transcript/19655/annotation/127","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"you what position you played and how long was\nyour stick.\n\nBOTNICK: That's a personal question.\n\nMICHALOVE: He said that's what you ask about lacrosse.\n\nBOTNICK: It was a different . . . the rules were a lot different then. When I\nstarted playing, when the whistle blew you had to freeze and ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30677/file/98744#t=3780.0,3810.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30677/file/98744/transcript/19655/annotation/128","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"squat. You could\nnot substitute except on a dead ball. I played midfield, what we called\ndefensive midfield. There are three midfields, three attack and three midfields,\nthree defense men, and a goalie. I played midfield but my job was to back up the\npasses and if I saw the ball was going out of bounds, to sprint to the defensive\nside so that they could not get a fast break. Once that whistle blew you could\nnot ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30677/file/98744#t=3810.0,3840.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30677/file/98744/transcript/19655/annotation/129","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"improve your position. If you had an offensive player that had the\nadvantage, when the whistle blew he could go in. I played what we called then\ndefensive. I was a midfielder and we ran three midfields. We would last three to\nfive minutes and then have to change. Now you can substitute on the fly, but you\ncouldn't then. I played . . . There were three different.There was an attack\nstick, a midfield stick, and a defensive stick, and a ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30677/file/98744#t=3840.0,3870.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30677/file/98744/transcript/19655/annotation/130","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"goalie stick. The midfield\nstick was longer than the attack stick and it had a little broader head than the\nattack stick. The defensive stick was a longer stick and a little different\nshape head. Now they are sort of interchangeable. The sticks we played with were\nhand-made by the Canadian ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30677/file/98744#t=3870.0,3900.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30677/file/98744/transcript/19655/annotation/131","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Indians. Each one was a piece of wood. They would wet\nit and they would bend it into the shape. Then they would hand-made the . . .\nEach stick weighed differently. It was balanced differently because they were\nall individually made. Now they're all mechanically made and metal sticks and\ninterchangeable head. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30677/file/98744#t=3900.0,3930.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30677/file/98744/transcript/19655/annotation/132","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"To operate it, you run and you cradle the ball because you\nhad a wide head and you had to keep the ball in there. Now, the ,head is narrow\nand they can do it with one hand. You could not remove the stick--it's so\nheavy--with one hand the way they do now. That's allowed them to use more left\nand right. They can dodge more. Also, it allows them--because of the change in\nthe head--to get more leverage when they shoot the ball. If you took it back ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30677/file/98744#t=3930.0,3960.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30677/file/98744/transcript/19655/annotation/133","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"too\nfar, it would roll off. Now the head is . . . The pocket's a little different so\nthey can come back further. They get more leverage so the speed of the ball is\nfaster. When I played in college, I started at midfield and then I moved my\nsecond week to defense. In one game against RPI, I played midfield, defense, and\nattack, all in the same game.\n\nMICHALOVE: Was that a record?\n\nBOTNICK: No. It was for me.\n\nMICHALOVE: Talk to about the Atlanta Lacrosse Club.\n\nBOTNICK: We started it in ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30677/file/98744#t=3960.0,3990.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30677/file/98744/transcript/19655/annotation/134","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"1970, I guess the early 1970's. The Atlanta Lacrosse\nClub basically was made up of people who had played lacrosse in high school or\ncollege. There was a club team. We started that. I coached it for two to three\nyears. We played other teams. We played Pensacola Flight School. We played club\nteams in Suwanee. We played in a tournament in New ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30677/file/98744#t=3990.0,4020.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30677/file/98744/transcript/19655/annotation/135","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Orleans. It was basically . .\n. playing in different levels. We also had some new players that we would teach.\nWe started them . . . We introduced them to Westminster and two other high\nschools. Those . . . Westminster has gone on with it. After that, I sort of got\nout of that. I got ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30677/file/98744#t=4020.0,4050.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30677/file/98744/transcript/19655/annotation/136","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"involved in the organization that was pushing . . . and they\nhave taken that and put it into high schools. We've now gotten accepted by the\nGeorgia high school sports and it's an official varsity sport. It comes under\ntheir rules. Before it was a club team. Now the high schools are playing it. A\nlot of the colleges don't have varsity. They have club ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30677/file/98744#t=4050.0,4080.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30677/file/98744/transcript/19655/annotation/137","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"teams. Under the federal\nlaw if you have a man's sport, you have to have a woman's sport. They have what\nis called club teams. They have it in soccer. They have it in hockey. The have\nit in lacrosse. The athletic department doesn't fund it, but they have a club\nleague that plays against each other. They play . . . Georgia Tech has a team,\nbut they're not official teams. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30677/file/98744#t=4080.0,4110.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30677/file/98744/transcript/19655/annotation/138","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"When I played, women in this country didn't play\nlacrosse. In the Southeastern Conference, there were only two schools that had\nvarsity lacrosse. One was Florida and later, Vanderbilt. Vanderbilt, and later,\nFlorida. Both of them were women and no men.\n\nMICHALOVE: Is the Atlanta Lacrosse Club different from the Georgia Lacrosse Club\nor are they one.\n\nBOTNICK: You're talking about the University of Georgia Club?\n\nMICHALOVE: What I ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30677/file/98744#t=4110.0,4140.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30677/file/98744/transcript/19655/annotation/139","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"read was that there's a Georgia Lacrosse Foundation. Is that separate?\n\nBOTNICK: That was the group that has pushed and sponsored getting into the high\nschools. It's an overall. There's a group of supervisors and officials. They're\npart of the Foundation. There's high schools that are part of the foundation.\nThe ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30677/file/98744#t=4140.0,4170.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30677/file/98744/transcript/19655/annotation/140","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Foundation is sort of an umbrella group that helps promote lacrosse but does\nnot field a team, as such.\n\nMICHALOVE: How does the Atlanta Swarm affect any of this?\n\nBOTNICK: How does what?\n\nMICHALOVE: The Atlanta Swarm? Isn't that a lacrosse team?\n\nBOTNICK: I believe that's a professional team.\n\nMICHALOVE: Yes, that's a professional team.\n\nBOTNICK: That's a different form of lacrosse. We play field lacrosse. There was\nfield lacrosse and box lacrosse. Box lacrosse is played ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30677/file/98744#t=4170.0,4200.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30677/file/98744/transcript/19655/annotation/141","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"primarily in Canada and\nthey still do play it. It's an indoors . . . different size than the . . .\n\nMICHALOVE: . . . the Swarm players . . .\n\nBOTNICK: Yes, they do, but it's not box lacrosse. It's different. It's very\nfast-moving. The lacrosse players that play field lacrosse end up playing in the\nSwarm lacrosse. It's a much faster game, a much more contained game. It's geared\nto bring people to watch, but it's not ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30677/file/98744#t=4200.0,4230.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30677/file/98744/transcript/19655/annotation/142","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"the same. It's a shorter thing. The\nlacrosse field, basically, is 110 yards long. It's a little wider than a\nfootball field. The indoor lacrosse they have is a very contained area. That's\nall new. They didn't have that when I was playing.\n\nMICHALOVE: No. I think the swarm is . . .\n\nBOTNICK: The whole league is a different thing.\n\nMICHALOVE: Let's change subjects.\n\nBOTNICK: Okay.\n\nMICHALOVE: Talk to me about the ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30677/file/98744#t=4230.0,4260.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30677/file/98744/transcript/19655/annotation/143","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"AJCC, the predecessor of the MJCCA.\n\nBOTNICK: When I was involved with it . . . The old community center was opened\nin 1955.\n\nMICHALOVE: On Peachtree Street.\n\nBOTNICK: Yes. It really was an outgrowth of the Alliance. As you probably would\nknow, the Alliance was more ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30677/file/98744#t=4260.0,4290.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30677/file/98744/transcript/19655/annotation/144","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"AA-sponsored and not The Temple. Members of The\nTemple did not . . .\n\nMICHALOVE: It was divided. The Temple was German Jews and everybody else . . .\nIt was AA, Shearith Israel, Or VeShalom. Everybody else went to the JEA, the Alliance.\n\nBOTNICK: Yes. It had their own sport program. After Hitler explained that we\nwere all the same, ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30677/file/98744#t=4290.0,4320.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30677/file/98744/transcript/19655/annotation/145","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"some of them gave up those things. Not all of them. They\nstarted the Center. They have a group that meets at the Center once a week in\nthe mornings. They have a speaker. They were kind enough to ask me to speak\nthere last week and the week before. The ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30677/file/98744#t=4320.0,4350.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30677/file/98744/transcript/19655/annotation/146","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"need for activities . . . We've made a\ntransition. I've got a book that my daughter found that was copyrighted in 1957,\nabout Atlanta. I don't know whether you've seen it or not. It's got . . .\n\nMICHALOVE: Jews in the Gate City?\n\nBOTNICK: No. It's about Atlanta. It's got the people who were in there. As we\nhave progressed to other generations and the ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30677/file/98744#t=4350.0,4380.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30677/file/98744/transcript/19655/annotation/147","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"doors have opened . . . At that\ntime the Jewish population was 16,000 in 1957 or 1956. We've come . . . As we\nhave evolved, the Center was a very important part because it served as a\ncommunal place to be. They had a health club, one of the few health clubs they\nhad in Atlanta. It was a ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30677/file/98744#t=4380.0,4410.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30677/file/98744/transcript/19655/annotation/148","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"very popular thing. When I got involved and went on the\nboard, it was in the 1980's, the 1970's or the 1980's. The facilities . . . They\nhad expanded. They built a second gym then. The facilities were requiring some\nmodification. We got involved with whether to stay ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30677/file/98744#t=4410.0,4440.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30677/file/98744/transcript/19655/annotation/149","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"there or move. The question\nwas: what was the value? We were in essence borrowing money against the value of\nthe land to support it. That's what happened to the Standard. Eventually you get\nto the point that you have to sell it to get out from under. The value that was\nput on it by one of the major benefactors of The ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30677/file/98744#t=4440.0,4470.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30677/file/98744/transcript/19655/annotation/150","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Temple who was in construction\nwas far greater than it was really worth. A lot of the time . . . They had\nopened the summer camp . They were doing all kind of activities. At that time\nthe Orthodox high school was using those facilities.\n\nMICHALOVE: Yeshiva High School.\n\nBOTNICK: Yes. The girls . . . They had ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30677/file/98744#t=4470.0,4500.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30677/file/98744/transcript/19655/annotation/151","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"two different . . . I don't know if it\nwas Temima. The Yeshiva was meeting there. The space was not really conducive to\nwhat the needs were at that time. We spent a lot of time talking about what was\ngoing to happen with the building and how we were going to . . . During that\ntime we also had the Israel Expo which was a ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30677/file/98744#t=4500.0,4530.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30677/file/98744/transcript/19655/annotation/152","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"major . . . That was a big\nundertaking. It was quite successful. We drew a lot of people. I think I brought\nin some stuff with my little business. We produced the local media video that we\ntook around to the different schools to get people to come to the . . . We sent\na writer and a photographer to Israel. We didn't pay for that, but we sponsored\nit and tied it all together. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30677/file/98744#t=4530.0,4560.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30677/file/98744/transcript/19655/annotation/153","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"We've got the video. I've got some if you need it.\nIt was a very big undertaking, very successful. I served I don't know how many\ntimes and then I decided some other people needed to have the opportunity. I got\noff of it.\n\nMICHALOVE: Before or after Zaban Park was built?\n\nBOTNICK: ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30677/file/98744#t=4560.0,4590.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30677/file/98744/transcript/19655/annotation/154","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"As far as Zaban Park or as far as the center being located there . . .\n\nMICHALOVE: The center moved there.\n\nBOTNICK: The center moved after I was involved. I think Park was there, but it\nwas a smaller operation.\n\nMICHALOVE: They had the ballfields and a lake . . .\n\nBOTNICK: Yes. They had a lake. They had a couple of ballfields. One of the\nproblems ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30677/file/98744#t=4590.0,4620.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30677/file/98744/transcript/19655/annotation/155","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"is the finances. I wanted very much to have money put aside in a\nsinking fund to do it. I finally got it but they never funded it. I didn't agree\nwith some of the fiscal ways things were being handled. I'm not saying I was\nright. It was very ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30677/file/98744#t=4620.0,4650.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30677/file/98744/transcript/19655/annotation/156","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"worthwhile. I appreciate the opportunity.\n\nMICHALOVE: It's a part of serving the Atlanta Jewish community.\n\nBOTNICK: It's a very important part. I don't know if I went through this the\nlast time. We brought a unique situation in that we had up until now . . . We've\nhad a government within a government. We're citizens of this state and this\ncountry, but we also have had our own government. We had the ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30677/file/98744#t=4650.0,4680.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30677/file/98744/transcript/19655/annotation/157","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"social functions\nthat are not fulfilling the individual organization or synagogue. When we had\npooled our resources to . . . That's why we had the center. The churches had\ntheir different gyms. Some of the synagogues now, at least one in Atlanta, is\ntalking about whether they ought to have a gym. Then we've got the . . . Jewish\nFamily Career Services services the community. The Center services the\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30677/file/98744#t=4680.0,4710.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30677/file/98744/transcript/19655/annotation/158","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"community. The Museum services the community. A charitable . . . Yad L'Yad,\nwhich is primarily for the Orthodox but that services anybody who has a need. We\nstarted the Jewish Interest Free Loan that serves anybody that has a particular\nneed. The Center has been in many cases one of the few exposures that the\nfamilies and the children have to ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30677/file/98744#t=4710.0,4740.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30677/file/98744/transcript/19655/annotation/159","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Judaism. We are now in the position of 'fee\nfor services'. There's no reason for me to belong to the Center because I don't\nuse it. I do belong to the Center because it's used by everybody else. It's all\nrelated. Why should I pay if I'm not getting something back? This concept of\ncommunal support that really came over from the shtetl, has somewhat been lost\nbecause we need to . . . ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30677/file/98744#t=4740.0,4770.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30677/file/98744/transcript/19655/annotation/160","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"The Center is a very vital part of that in that it has\ndone really more to promulgate an understanding of something about Judaism. We\nhave the Jewish Student Union, which was started about ten years ago. Rabbi\nNeiditch, he's the one that . . . My little paper has been the one that's given\ncoverage. I think that they got ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30677/file/98744#t=4770.0,4800.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30677/file/98744/transcript/19655/annotation/161","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"6,000 kids. They have clubs in each of the high\nschools. He goes to them and they'll have a hamantashen party. He gives them out\nmenorahs and candles. Some of these have never seen anything of these. They\ndon't know anything about it. That's a communal activity that's trying to\npromote to people. It's easy ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30677/file/98744#t=4800.0,4830.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30677/file/98744/transcript/19655/annotation/162","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"today not to try to be involved in the community.\nWe just don't look for it. It's about the value, as I told many people. We've\ngot the greatest collection of philosophy of anybody. The Greeks can't touch us.\nWe don't bother to learn what is our birthright. We learn what someone else\nthought. If we can expose some people to this thing, I think ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30677/file/98744#t=4830.0,4860.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30677/file/98744/transcript/19655/annotation/163","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"it's good.\n\nMICHALOVE: Talk to me about Amit.\n\nBOTNICK: Amit. My daughter was more involved in that than I was. That was an\norganization that was to try to mainline challenged . . . You're talking about\nthe local, because in New York there is an Amit that used to be something else.\n\nMICHALOVE: A women's organization. I'm talking about the one in Atlanta.\n\nBOTNICK: It ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30677/file/98744#t=4860.0,4890.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30677/file/98744/transcript/19655/annotation/164","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"was an attempt to put challenged kids into regular school\nsurroundings with some special . . . courses. It was trying . . . Rather than\nisolating them and putting them aside, they wanted to make them part of the\nexperience of being in school with other kids. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30677/file/98744#t=4890.0,4920.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30677/file/98744/transcript/19655/annotation/165","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"While I think it did a great job,\nthe funding of it became a problem. Some of the mothers didn't want their kids\ngoing to school with these weirdos. Eventually, it ceased to exist. It did some\ngreat things. They also had a form of religious school that they could go to.\nThey had some kids that went to a bar and bat mitzvah in a special program. It\nwas an ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30677/file/98744#t=4920.0,4950.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30677/file/98744/transcript/19655/annotation/166","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"attempt to try to level the field for kids who, through no fault of their\nown, were not able to function at the same level others were. My daughter was\npart of it. My other daughter and her husband were part of the founding of it.\nIt no longer exists as such.\n\nMICHALOVE: What is or was Inner Harbour?\n\nBOTNICK: ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30677/file/98744#t=4950.0,4980.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30677/file/98744/transcript/19655/annotation/167","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"There's a psychiatric facility called Anneewakee.\n\nMICHALOVE: Can you tell be more?\n\nBOTNICK: Anneewakee was started to deal with kids . . . It was licensed as a\npsychiatric hospital dealing with kids from 6 to 18. It dealt with kids that had\ndrugs and emotional ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30677/file/98744#t=4980.0,5010.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30677/file/98744/transcript/19655/annotation/168","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"problems. The man who started it, unfortunately, was found\nto be taking advantage of some of the kids in a sexual way. It almost folded. It\nreally blew up. Louis Holland, who is a very close friend of mine, who is a\nmember of the Jewish community--his father was Kurt Holland and his brother was\nJack Holland--was on the board. He stepped in and took it over. They changed the\nname to Inner ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30677/file/98744#t=5010.0,5040.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30677/file/98744/transcript/19655/annotation/169","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Harbour. Gradually, he asked me to go on the board with him, which\nI did. It gradually emerged from the shadow of Anneewakee. We became probably\nthe largest facility in the Southeast dealing with troubled kids. We had our own\nschool on campus which was fully accredited. We had all kind of programs. It was\n. . . ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30677/file/98744#t=5040.0,5070.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30677/file/98744/transcript/19655/annotation/170","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Our payroll was gigantic. It was a big . . . A lot of it was funded by\nState funds and insurance. We were a licensed psychiatric hospital with a\nrecognized school on campus and a director that . . . Eventually . . . again,\nmoney was always . . . We had two campuses. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30677/file/98744#t=5070.0,5100.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30677/file/98744/transcript/19655/annotation/171","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Funding these things is a trouble.\nIt got to be a problem. I got off. I eventually became treasurer and a member of\nthe executive committee, served for a number of years, and I decided to move on.\nA group, Youth Villages, out of Memphis, bought it and merged into the\ninstitution. It still exists today in Youth Villages, which is a very large\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30677/file/98744#t=5100.0,5130.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30677/file/98744/transcript/19655/annotation/172","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"operation in many states.\n\nMICHALOVE: Was it the same property? I remember it was south of Atlanta.\n\nBOTNICK: It's out in the Douglasville area. They had another campus which we\nsold which was further up. It was a big installation. It's still there.\n\nMICHALOVE: Is it still Inner Harbor?\n\nBOTNICK: It's Youth Villages now. It does great ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30677/file/98744#t=5130.0,5160.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30677/file/98744/transcript/19655/annotation/173","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"work.\n\nMICHALOVE: Talk to me about the Whitehead Boys and Girls Club.\n\nBOTNICK: My father-in-law was on the board and worked at Rich's. He was on the\nUnited Way campaign when they went around to different agencies. He went out to\nwhat was then Lakewood Boys' ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30677/file/98744#t=5160.0,5190.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30677/file/98744/transcript/19655/annotation/174","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Club. They were having a Christmas party and he\nwent out there. They had hamburgers. He said, \"That's not right.\" He was in\ncharge of all the shoes that were donated. He went to his suppliers and out of\nthe goodness of their heart, they decided to finance turkey dinners for the kids\nfor Christmas and give ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30677/file/98744#t=5190.0,5220.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30677/file/98744/transcript/19655/annotation/175","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"them presents. He started that and he did it for years.\nHe died, unfortunately, very young. My wife and my mother-in-law took it over\nand ran it. As a result, I ended up on the board. At that time, the Lakewood\narea was still predominately white but ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30677/file/98744#t=5220.0,5250.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30677/file/98744/transcript/19655/annotation/176","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"very depressed financially. These kids\nwould come and they would have 600 kids that would come to the Christmas party.\nThey would have to do it in two different sessions. They would give them a full\nmeal. They would all get presents. They had Santa Claus there. He basically\nraised all the money and put that on. My wife and her mother continued doing\nthat. It then became . . . Whitehead ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30677/file/98744#t=5250.0,5280.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30677/file/98744/transcript/19655/annotation/177","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"was . . . When Coca-Cola started, it was\nstarted as a fountain drink. They didn't think that there was any future in the\nbottling. In essence, they franchised out the bottling to three different\nplaces. One of them was in Chattanooga. The Whitehead was another one. They\neventually bought them all back in. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30677/file/98744#t=5280.0,5310.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30677/file/98744/transcript/19655/annotation/178","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"The money came from Coca-Cola. The Whitehead\nfamily was very involved in the charities and in the boys' clubs. The club was\nat that time named the Whitehead Boys' Club. Now it's a Boys' and Girls' Club.\nWe're no longer involved with doing that. I served basically because of what my\nfather-in-law had started with my wife and her mother. My kids were part of ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30677/file/98744#t=5310.0,5340.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30677/file/98744/transcript/19655/annotation/179","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"it\nand they served. It was a very nice thing.\n\nMICHALOVE: Do you know if Coca-Cola still does it?\n\nBOTNICK: No, they didn't. My father-in-law raised it. Then we got a man involved\nwho was with Chick-fil-A, so they started serving. Chick-fil-A was very\nsupportive. I don't even know if they have a Christmas party any more. I don't\nknow what's happening with it.\n\nMICHALOVE: Do you want to talk to me about the Israel-American ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30677/file/98744#t=5340.0,5370.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30677/file/98744/transcript/19655/annotation/180","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Chamber of\nCommerce, which I think has changed names.\n\nBOTNICK: Yes, several times. It was probably 20 years ago. The consul general .\n. . My son-in-law, at that time, was an Israeli who lived here. He was close and\nI was friendly with the consul general. They wanted to start a group to promote\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30677/file/98744#t=5370.0,5400.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30677/file/98744/transcript/19655/annotation/181","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Israeli-American business. They started this American Israel Chamber of\nCommerce, Southeast. I was involved in the original setting up. It was\nindependent. It was not part of anything. Later on, Federation wanted to take it\nover. I decided that was not the course I wanted to ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30677/file/98744#t=5400.0,5430.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30677/file/98744/transcript/19655/annotation/182","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"go. I got out of it. It's\nblossomed from there. It's done a wonderful job of attracting Israeli companies\ninto the United States. Home Depot was one of the earlier ones that was buying\nfurniture out of Israel. There are others. We have a tremendous presence in the\nbusiness community of Israeli companies in Atlanta. This organization is one of\nthe ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30677/file/98744#t=5430.0,5460.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30677/file/98744/transcript/19655/annotation/183","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"reasons. There are others, too, but it has promoted commerce between Atlanta\nand Israel. I've not been involved in it for about 15 to 18 years, but I was\nwith my son-in-law in helping getting it started. When it moved on, I moved on.\n\nMICHALOVE: What haven't I asked you about?\n\nBOTNICK: Did we talk about JIFLA?\n\nMICHALOVE: We did last time. We talked both about both the Interest Free ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30677/file/98744#t=5460.0,5490.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30677/file/98744/transcript/19655/annotation/184","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Loan of\nAtlanta and JELF, the Jewish Educational Loan Fund. Those two we talked about\nlast time.\n\nBOTNICK: We talked about the credit union. We talked about those too, didn't we?\n\nMICHALOVE: Which credit union?\n\nBOTNICK: Atlanta Co-operative Credit and Merchants Mutual. I know we talked\nabout Mercantile National.\n\nMICHALOVE: We talked about Atlanta Co-operative Credit Union.\n\nBOTNICK: I know we talked about ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30677/file/98744#t=5490.0,5520.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30677/file/98744/transcript/19655/annotation/185","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Mercantile National.\n\nMICHALOVE: Yes, we talked about the banks. We talked about your family. We\ntalked a good deal about the Jewish Georgian.\n\nBOTNICK: We talked a lot, didn't we?\n\nMICHALOVE: We got a lot done. I just wanted to know if there was anything else\nyou wanted to give to us for prosperity.\n\nBOTNICK: I'm honored that you would even put any of it in ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30677/file/98744#t=5520.0,5550.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30677/file/98744/transcript/19655/annotation/186","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"there. I'm trying to\nwrite my piece for this paper. I get very esoteric. I'm sure people get tired of\nme pontificating on this stuff. When you talk about money, you can only collect\nfor one day. It really speaks to the days. How much is enough. When we read ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30677/file/98744#t=5550.0,5580.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30677/file/98744/transcript/19655/annotation/187","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"it,\nthe rabbis interpreted it towards our dependence on God who provides for us,\nwhich is very important. There's also the concept of how do we judge what we've\ndone, what our life is, and how much is enough. Do I need to get more accolades?\nDo I need to have more money? Do I need to have more houses? What do I need?\nWhen is enough? ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30677/file/98744#t=5580.0,5610.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30677/file/98744/transcript/19655/annotation/188","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"The little that I've been able to do . . . As I've said before,\nI've opted--for whatever it's worth--to try to give my time and whatever ability\nI have to support organizations. I don't have the money that I can write big\nchecks, but I can try to do that. I've been fortunate that there have been\npeople willing to let me ride with them in trying to make this . . . In 1956, we\nhad 16,000 people. In ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30677/file/98744#t=5610.0,5640.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30677/file/98744/transcript/19655/annotation/189","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"2018, we had 130,000 to 140,000 people. In 1956, most of\nthose knew each other. They grew up together. Now we've got this influx of\ncultures and everything else from all over the world. We've been able to meld\nthat still and hold the community together. That's a wonderful thing. The people\nwho have put forth the time and effort to take a small thing and build it bigger\nas ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30677/file/98744#t=5640.0,5670.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30677/file/98744/transcript/19655/annotation/190","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"needed . . . need to get the credit that we extended our institutional\ncommitment to the population that's going to take this thing further. Without it\n. . . Why has this community done it and others haven't? It's basically because\nthe people . . . They didn't want to write a check. There's more money than . . .\n\nMICHALOVE: The Johnson Mead, the people who are willing to ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30677/file/98744#t=5670.0,5700.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30677/file/98744/transcript/19655/annotation/191","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"do . . .\n\nBOTNICK: Right. There's more money than years ago. We have been fortunate to get\nthe money and to have the people with the ability to come in and lead us with\nit. That's an unusual concept. It really is. It's also . . . a young man . . .\nWhen I came here, if I went to New York and I wasn't 45, I couldn't call on\nanybody because I was too young. In Atlanta it didn't make any difference. If\nyou had something to say, you could go see anybody. That's what's ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30677/file/98744#t=5700.0,5730.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30677/file/98744/transcript/19655/annotation/192","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"opened the\ndoor for this influx of new . . . We talk about the lack of commitment. If you\nwere to take . . . Only 'X' percent, 20 percent or 25 percent belong to a\nsynagogue. Take out everybody who has not been here seven or eight years and see\nwhat percent belong to a synagogue. We've got this in and out. They come in and\nleave. It distorts the basic strength that underlies this community.\n\nMICHALOVE: My theory of the ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30677/file/98744#t=5730.0,5760.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30677/file/98744/transcript/19655/annotation/193","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"reason it grew is that people were transferred here\nfor jobs or came here for opportunity and liked the way it was. When they were\ntransferred again to go somewhere else, they just changed jobs and stayed here.\n\nBOTNICK: A lot of them.\n\nMICHALOVE: That has helped our community. Thank you.\n\nBOTNICK: Thank you. I'm honored to even have you all sit and listen to me. I\ncan't find people to sit that ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30677/file/98744#t=5760.0,5790.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30677/file/98744/transcript/19655/annotation/194","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"long to listen to me.\n\nMICHALOVE: We learned a lot.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30677/file/98744#t=5790.0,5820.0"}]},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30677/file/98744/annotation_set/200","type":"AnnotationPage","label":{"en":["Annotations [Transcript]"]},"items":[{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30677/file/98744/annotation_set/200/annotation/195","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eHarry Botnick (1888-1966) and Mollie Eisenstat Botnick (1900-1995) operated the Emporium Department Store in Hattiesburg, Mississippi. Harry arrived in the United States in 1904.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30677/file/98744#t=30.0,60.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30677/file/98744/annotation_set/200/annotation/196","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eDr. Robert “Bob” Stanley Botnick (1931-) was an internist in Evans, Georgia. He was president of the Augusta Jewish Federation and the Obadiah Lodge of B’nai B’rith in Augusta, Georgia.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30677/file/98744#t=30.0,60.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30677/file/98744/annotation_set/200/annotation/197","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eTouro Infirmary is a non-profit hospital in New Orleans, Louisiana and is affiliated with the Louisiana State University Health Science Center and Tulane University School of Medicine. Touro Infirmary was founded in 1852 by an endowment from Judah Touro.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30677/file/98744#t=30.0,60.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30677/file/98744/annotation_set/200/annotation/198","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eTemple B'nai Israel in Hattiesburg, Mississippi originated in 1915 as Congregation B'nai Israel. It was the city's first and only Jewish congregation. Originally founded as an Orthodox congregation, B’nai Israel switched its affiliation to the Reform movement in the 1930's, and soon after engaged Rabbi Arthur Brodey as its first rabbi.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30677/file/98744#t=90.0,120.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30677/file/98744/annotation_set/200/annotation/199","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eRabbi Arthur Brodey (1900-1979), a native of Toronto, Canada, was the first rabbi at Temple B'nai Israel in Hattiesburg, Mississippi, from 1935 to 1942. He was ordained as a Reform rabbi and held pulpit positions at the Liberal Synagogue in Baton Rouge, Louisiana; Beth Hillel Temple in Kenosha, Wisconsin; and Temple Israel in Uniontown, Pennsylvania. He had a B.A. degree from the University of Toronto, a Barrister-at-Law degree from Osgoode Hall Law School in Toronto, and a Master of Hebrew Literature degree from the Jewish Institute of Religion in New York City. He was a chaplain in the United States Army from 1943 to 1946, serving overseas where he was one of the first chaplains at Omaha Beach in Normandy during June 1944.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30677/file/98744#t=90.0,120.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30677/file/98744/annotation_set/200/annotation/200","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eWorld War II (often abbreviated to WWII or WW2), also known as the Second World War, was a global war that lasted from 1939 to 1945, although related conflicts began earlier. It involved the vast majority of the world's countries—including all of the great powers—eventually forming two opposing military alliances: the Allies and the Axis. It was the most widespread war in history, and directly involved more than 100 million people from over 30 countries. Marked by mass deaths of civilians, including the Holocaust (in which approximately 6 million Jews were killed) and the strategic bombing of industrial and population centers (in which approximately one million were killed, and which included the atomic bombings of Hiroshima and Nagasaki), it resulted in an estimated 50 million to 85 million fatalities. These made World War II the deadliest conflict in human history.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30677/file/98744#t=90.0,120.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30677/file/98744/annotation_set/200/annotation/201","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eCamp Shelby is a military post located at the southern boundary of Hattiesburg, Mississippi. It is the largest state-owned and operated field training center in the United States. Activated in 1917, the US Army, Navy, Marine Corps and Air Force have all trained at Camp Shelby at one time or another. Today the camp is the yearly training spot for the National Guard and Army Reserve units stationed in Alabama, Mississippi and Tennessee.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30677/file/98744#t=120.0,150.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30677/file/98744/annotation_set/200/annotation/202","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eCommonly known as the ‘YMCA’ or the ‘Y.’  The Young Man’s Christian Association is a worldwide organization founded in 1844 that aims to put Christian principles into practice by developing a healthy body, mind and spirit.  They offer recreational facilities, parent/child education programs, and youth and teen development with after school programming.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30677/file/98744#t=150.0,180.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30677/file/98744/annotation_set/200/annotation/203","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eCharles Mantinband (1895-1974) received his religious training at the Jewish Institute of Religion in New York City. After World War II, he served first in Alabama until, in 1951, he moved to Hattiesburg, Mississippi, to serve the congregation at Temple B’nai Israel. Rabbi Mantinband was an outspoken proponent of racial equality and civil rights, arguing that Jews had a responsibility to empathize with the plight of blacks because of the Jewish community’s own problems with discrimination. His activism earned him threats from numerous people in the community, as well as created trouble with members of his own congregation, who feared a backlash. When the pressure became too great he left Hattiesburg and accepted a pulpit in Texas. He retired in 1971 after almost 50 years of service in the rabbinate.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30677/file/98744#t=180.0,210.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30677/file/98744/annotation_set/200/annotation/204","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe Benevolent and Protective Order of Elks is a community service organization that consists of Elks Lodges in communities throughout the United States.  Elks invest in their communities through programs that help children grow up health and drug-free, by undertaking projects that address unmet need, and by honoring the service and sacrifice of military veterans.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30677/file/98744#t=180.0,210.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30677/file/98744/annotation_set/200/annotation/205","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe Civil Rights Act was enacted on July 2, 1964. It outlawed discrimination based on race, color, religion, sex, or national origin. It ended unequal application of voter registration requirements and racial segregation in schools, at the workplace and by facilities that served the general public. \u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30677/file/98744#t=210.0,240.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30677/file/98744/annotation_set/200/annotation/206","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eWolf Botnick (1855-1951).\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30677/file/98744#t=210.0,240.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30677/file/98744/annotation_set/200/annotation/207","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe Ku Klux Klan, now known as Knights of the Ku Klux Klan, is a white supremacist, white nationalist, anti-immigration, anti-Jewish, anti-Catholic, anti-black secret society, whose methods included terrorism and murder.  It was founded in the South in the 1860’s and then died out and come back several times, most notably in the 1920’s when membership soared again, and then again in the 1960’s during the civil rights era. When the Klan was re-founded in 1915 in Georgia, the event was marked by a cross burning on Stone Mountain. In the past it members dressed up in white robes and a pointed hat designed to hide their identity and to terrify. It is still in existence.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30677/file/98744#t=270.0,300.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30677/file/98744/annotation_set/200/annotation/208","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003ePhillips Exeter Academy is a coeducational independent school for boarding and day students in grades 9 through 12, and offers a postgraduate program. Located in Exeter, New Hampshire, it was established in 1781 and is one of the oldest secondary schools in the United States.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30677/file/98744#t=300.0,330.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30677/file/98744/annotation_set/200/annotation/209","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe Mason-Dixon Line was surveyed between 1763 and 1767 to settle a border line dispute between Pennsylvania, Maryland, Delaware, and West Virginia (then Virginia), setting their borders officially.  Until about the mid-eighteenth century it was regarded as a cultural boundary between the North and the South but after Pennsylvania abolished slavery in 1780, it became the demarcation line for the legality of slavery.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30677/file/98744#t=360.0,390.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30677/file/98744/annotation_set/200/annotation/210","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003ePierre Samuel \"Pete\" du Pont IV (born January 22, 1935) is an American lawyer and politician from Rockland, in New Castle County, Delaware, near Wilmington. He was the United States Representative for Delaware from 1971 to 1977 and subsequently served as the 68th Governor of Delaware from 1977 to 1985. After an education at the Phillips Exeter Academy, Princeton University, and Harvard Law School, he served in the U.S. Naval Reserve (Seabees) from 1957 until 1960. He is a descendant of the family that founded E. I. du Pont de Nemours and Company.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30677/file/98744#t=450.0,480.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30677/file/98744/annotation_set/200/annotation/211","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eFirestone Tire and Rubber Company is an American tire company founded by Harvey Firestone in 1900 initially to supply solid rubber side-wire tires for fire apparatus, and later, pneumatic tires for wagons, buggies, and other forms of wheeled transportation common in the era. Firestone soon saw the huge potential for marketing tires for automobiles, and the company was a pioneer in the mass production of tires. Harvey Firestone had a personal friendship with Henry Ford, and used this to become the original equipment supplier of Ford Motor Company automobiles, and was also active in the replacement market.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30677/file/98744#t=450.0,480.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30677/file/98744/annotation_set/200/annotation/212","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe two High Holy Days are Rosh Ha-Shanah (Jewish New Year) and \u003cem\u003eYom Kippur\u003c/em\u003e (Day of Atonement).\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30677/file/98744#t=510.0,540.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30677/file/98744/annotation_set/200/annotation/213","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eHebrew for ‘Day of Atonement.’ The most sacred day of the Jewish year. \u003cem\u003eYom Kippur\u003c/em\u003e is a 25 hour fast day.  Most of the day is spent in prayer, reciting \u003cem\u003eyizkor\u003c/em\u003e for deceased relatives, confessing sins, requesting divine forgiveness, and listening to \u003cem\u003eTorah\u003c/em\u003e readings and sermons. People greet each other with the wish that they may be sealed in the heavenly book for a good year ahead. The day ends with the blowing of the \u003cem\u003eshofar\u003c/em\u003e (a ram’s horn). \u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30677/file/98744#t=540.0,570.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30677/file/98744/annotation_set/200/annotation/214","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eRosh Ha-Shanah\u003c/em\u003e [Hebrew: head of the year; i.e. New Year festival] begins the cycle of High Holy Days. It introduces the Ten Days of Penitence, when Jews examine their souls and take stock of their actions. On the tenth day is \u003cem\u003eYom Kippur\u003c/em\u003e, the Day of Atonement. The tradition is that on \u003cem\u003eRosh Ha-Shanah\u003c/em\u003e, God sits in judgment on humanity. Then the fate of every living creature is inscribed in the Book of Life or Death. Prayer and repentance before the sealing of the books on \u003cem\u003eYom Kippur\u003c/em\u003e may revoke these decisions.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30677/file/98744#t=540.0,570.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30677/file/98744/annotation_set/200/annotation/215","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eChutzpah\u003c/em\u003e is the quality of audacity, for good or for bad. The Yiddish word derives from the Hebrew word \u003cem\u003eḥutspâ\u003c/em\u003e (חֻצְפָּה), meaning \"insolence,\" \"cheek\" or \"audacity.\" The modern English usage of the word has taken on a broader meaning—particularly in business parlance—as courage or confidence. \u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30677/file/98744#t=570.0,600.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30677/file/98744/annotation_set/200/annotation/216","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eVarsity sports are based in schools as opposed to community-based. Players are involved in representing their schools in competition, generally with other colleges or universities at the highest levels.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30677/file/98744#t=570.0,600.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30677/file/98744/annotation_set/200/annotation/217","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eLacrosse is a team sport played with a lacrosse stick and a lacrosse ball, commonly played indoors or outdoors. Players use the head of the lacrosse stick to carry, pass, catch, and shoot the ball into the goal. The sport is governed by the Federation of International Lacrosse. The most prominent international competition is the World Lacrosse Championship, which has been dominated by the United States.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30677/file/98744#t=660.0,690.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30677/file/98744/annotation_set/200/annotation/218","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eDuke University is a private research university located in Durham, North Carolina. Founded by Methodists and Quakers in the present-day town of Trinity in 1838, the school moved to Durham in 1892.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30677/file/98744#t=690.0,720.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30677/file/98744/annotation_set/200/annotation/219","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eOld Trinity Club is a secret society for men at Duke University in Durham, North Carolina that was created in 1955 by a student who was not admitted to the Order of the Red Friars, another influential secret society at Duke University. The only apparent activity of the Old Trinity Club is when its members are seen walking around campus wearing black graduation gowns and sunglasses on certain days of the year and shouting out “Eruditio et Religio,” the motto of Duke University which translates from Latin as “Erudition and Religion”.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30677/file/98744#t=750.0,780.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30677/file/98744/annotation_set/200/annotation/220","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eOmicron Delta Kappa (ODK) is a national leadership honor society founded in 1914.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30677/file/98744#t=750.0,780.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30677/file/98744/annotation_set/200/annotation/221","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eJoe College was formerly a festival at Duke University held in the spring between the 1950's and 1970's. This festival involved float parades, boxed lunches, concerts, and theater performances. After a 30 year hiatus, Joe College returned in 2007.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30677/file/98744#t=750.0,780.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30677/file/98744/annotation_set/200/annotation/222","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eLester Elliott Elgart (1917-1995,) was an American swing jazz bandleader and trumpeter. He recorded the popular tune \"Bandstand Boogie\", which was used by Dick Clark as the theme song for the television dance show American Bandstand.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30677/file/98744#t=750.0,780.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30677/file/98744/annotation_set/200/annotation/223","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eWilliam James \"Count\" Basie (1904-1984) was an American jazz pianist, organist, bandleader, and composer. In 1935, Basie formed his own jazz orchestra, the Count Basie Orchestra. Count Basie's song \"One O'Clock Jump\" (1937) was included in the Library of Congress National Recording Registry.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30677/file/98744#t=750.0,780.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30677/file/98744/annotation_set/200/annotation/224","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe Shoe ‘n’ Slipper Club organized annual concerts and dances at Duke University in Durham, North Carolina during the 1950’s that featured well-known popular performers.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30677/file/98744#t=750.0,780.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30677/file/98744/annotation_set/200/annotation/225","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eFounded in 1898 as the world's first Jewish fraternity, Zeta Beta Tau (ZBT) prides itself on being an inclusive organization welcoming of any college man who understands and appreciates their mission. With more than 140,000 initiated men, ZBT's can be found in all aspects of life: business, entertainment, media, politics, and more.  In 1989, ZBT became the first fraternity to abolish pledging from its organization and, in its place, created a brotherhood program that focuses on equal rights, privileges, and responsibilities for all members.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30677/file/98744#t=780.0,810.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30677/file/98744/annotation_set/200/annotation/226","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eHoof ‘N’ Horn is a student-run musical theatre at Duke University in Durham, North Carolina. It’s first production was in 1936. The organization puts on three mainstage and multiple cabaret-style productions every year.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30677/file/98744#t=780.0,810.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30677/file/98744/annotation_set/200/annotation/227","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eMarquis Who’s Who is the American publisher of a number of directories containing short biographies. ... Marquis states in the Preface that Who's Who in America  endeavors to profile the leaders of American society; those men and women who are influencing their nation's development”.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30677/file/98744#t=780.0,810.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30677/file/98744/annotation_set/200/annotation/228","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eRobert Boyd Cox (1902-1971) was born in Bolivar, Tennessee. He was Dean of Men at Duke University in Durham, North Carolina for more than 15 years. He received a bachelor of arts degree from the University of Tennessee at Knoxville and a master of arts degree from Peabody Institute. His career included teaching at East Tennessee State College in Johnson City, Tennessee before his appointment at Duke.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30677/file/98744#t=810.0,840.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30677/file/98744/annotation_set/200/annotation/229","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eMiriam Alicia Pass Botnick was born in 1935 in Richmond, Virginia. She volunteered for more than 35 years as a certified ombudsman with the Georgia Long-term Care Ombudsman Program. She founded “Coping with Aging,” the first self-help group for adult children of aging parents that was sponsored by the Service Guild and met at the Atlanta Jewish Community Center.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30677/file/98744#t=840.0,870.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30677/file/98744/annotation_set/200/annotation/230","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eKeeve Pass, also known as Keeve Passamaneck (1903-1961) was born in Richmond, Virginia. He was a vice president at Rich’s Department Store in Atlanta, Georgia. He was a graduate of William and Mary College in Williamsburg, Virginia. He was a member of The Temple, thee Standard Club, B’nai B’rith, and the Jewish Community Center in Atlanta. He was a director of the  Boys Club.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30677/file/98744#t=870.0,900.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30677/file/98744/annotation_set/200/annotation/231","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eKaren Botnick Paz, a native of Atlanta, Georgia, has been a director of development for the Jewish Federation of Greater Atlanta and the Amit Program. She was awarded a degree in sociology from Tulane University in New Orleans, Louisiana, and a degree in graphic design from the Miami Ad School Atlanta.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30677/file/98744#t=930.0,960.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30677/file/98744/annotation_set/200/annotation/232","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eHarris Jeffrey Botnick is a gemologist and an owner and co-founder, with his wife Geri and Joan Wasser, of Worthmore Jewelers which is located in Atlanta and Decatur, Georgia.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30677/file/98744#t=990.0,1020.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30677/file/98744/annotation_set/200/annotation/233","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eBeth Ann Botnick Rosenberg is a physical therapist in Atlanta, Georgia.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30677/file/98744#t=990.0,1020.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30677/file/98744/annotation_set/200/annotation/234","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eIrving Jay “I. J.” Rosenberg was a sportswriter for the Atlanta Journal-Constitution from 1986 to 1998 and a radio and TV personality. He is the author of Miracle Season! He is the founder and owner of ‘Score Atlanta’, a sports marketing organization.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30677/file/98744#t=1050.0,1080.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30677/file/98744/annotation_set/200/annotation/235","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eJoseph Kohn Heyman (1908-2001) was born in Atlanta, Georgia, in 1908, the son of Minna Simon Heyman and Arthur Heyman. He attended Fulton High School and graduated Phi Beta Kappa from the University of Georgia in 1928. In 1930, he received his Masters of Business Administration from the Harvard Business School. From 1930 until 1942 he served on the staff of Tri-Continental Corporation, a New York investment company, initially as an investment analyst and later as economist. He returned to Atlanta in 1942 to serve with the War Production Board. From 1945 to 1951, Heyman operated his own investment firm, joining the Trust Company of Georgia as a vice president in 1951. Throughout his career, Heyman was often called upon to comment in print and in speeches to local organizations on the state of the economy. Notwithstanding two years during which he served as financial vice president of Rich’s Inc., he remained at the Trust Company of Georgia until his retirement in 1973. Heyman served as a member of the Board of Directors of Rich’s Inc., and was active in a variety of civic organizations, including the Atlanta Parking Commission, Community Chest, Family Service Society, Atlanta Chamber of Commerce, Atlanta-Fulton County Joint City-County Advisory Commission, Atlanta Arts Alliance, Inc., and the Atlanta Economics Club. He was also a member of The Temple and the Standard Club.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30677/file/98744#t=1080.0,1110.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30677/file/98744/annotation_set/200/annotation/236","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eTrust Company of Georgia was initially chartered by the Georgia General Assembly as the Commercial Travelers’ Savings Bank. In 1893, it restructured and renamed itself Trust Company of Georgia. After a series of acquisitions and mergers, Trust Company of Georgia, the combined company took the name SunTrust in 1995. SunTrust is a publicly-held company that serves the Southeastern United States with 1,400 bank branches.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30677/file/98744#t=1080.0,1110.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30677/file/98744/annotation_set/200/annotation/237","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eFulton National Bank owned what was then the tallest building in Atlanta from 1958 to 1961, on Marietta Street. Fulton National Bank changed its name to Bank of the South in 1980, and in 1983 shortened that to Bank South.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30677/file/98744#t=1110.0,1140.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30677/file/98744/annotation_set/200/annotation/238","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eJack S. Balser was born in 1934 in Atlanta. He was named an assistant vice president at Fulton National Bank in 1967. He was a graduate of the University of Alabama and the Wharton School of the University of Pennsylvania. He was the son of Meyer Balser.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30677/file/98744#t=1110.0,1140.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30677/file/98744/annotation_set/200/annotation/239","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eMercantile National Bank was established in 1967 as a Georgia state-regulated certificated bank. In 1970 it became a national chartered bank. Before its merger into National Bank of Georgia in 1976, it had locations both in Downtown Atlanta and Buckhead.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30677/file/98744#t=1140.0,1170.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30677/file/98744/annotation_set/200/annotation/240","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe Jewish Georgian is a bi-monthly publication covering current events, arts and culture, business, education, sports and recreation. Since 1990 the publication has been covering human interest stories impacting Georgia’s Jewish communities.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30677/file/98744#t=1140.0,1170.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30677/file/98744/annotation_set/200/annotation/241","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation (FDIC) is a United States government corporation providing deposit insurance to depositors in U.S. commercial banks and savings institutions. The FDIC was created by the 1933 Banking Act, enacted during the Great Depression to restore trust in the American banking system.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30677/file/98744#t=1200.0,1230.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30677/file/98744/annotation_set/200/annotation/242","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eDonald Oberdorfer (1901-1984) was born in Atlanta, Georgia, the son of Eugene and Daisy Oberdorfer. He founded Oberdorfer Insurance Associates, Inc. in 1921, and served as its president until his retirement in 1969, when he became chairman of its board. He was a graduate of the University of Georgia, where he played center on its football team, and was president of the alumni class in 1921. He was a noted civic leader serving as president of the Atlanta Jewish Community Council, president of the Anti-Defamation League of B’nai B’rith, president of the Joint Defense League, and vice president of the National Jewish Welfare Board. He was also a longtime director of the Atlanta chapter of the American Red Cross, chairman of the state USO during World War II and co-chairman of the Atlanta Community Chest. He was a president of the Standard Club, a member of the G Club, Phi Epsilon Phi, The Temple and Temple Sinai.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30677/file/98744#t=1230.0,1260.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30677/file/98744/annotation_set/200/annotation/243","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eEugene “Gene” Oberdorfer II was born in Atlanta in 1932 and in 1969 succeeded his father Donald Oberdorfer as president of Oberdorfer Insurance Associates. He had a B.S. from the University of North Carolina. He was secretary of Temple Sinai and the Standard Club.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30677/file/98744#t=1230.0,1260.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30677/file/98744/annotation_set/200/annotation/244","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eEugene “Gene” Irwin Oberdorfer, Jr. (1896-1965) was born in Atlanta and spent 20 years in the United States Army and Georgia militia before retiring at the rank of brigadier general from the Georgia National Guard. He served with the ‘Fighting Fifth’ United States Army regiment in the Border War of 1910-1917, the military engagements which took place in the Mexico–United States border region of North America during the Mexican Revolution. He also served in the ‘Dixie Division’ of the United States Army in France during the first World War. He was the son of Eugene Oberdorfer, Sr. (1864-1931).\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30677/file/98744#t=1230.0,1260.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30677/file/98744/annotation_set/200/annotation/245","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eAlfred E. Garber (1910-1997) was a prominent Atlanta accountant with Young \u0026amp; Garber, an accounting firm, which was sold to Touche-Ross. He was a resident in the Atlanta Hebrew Orphans’ Home. He served a term as president after it was renamed the Jewish Children’s Service.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30677/file/98744#t=1260.0,1290.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30677/file/98744/annotation_set/200/annotation/246","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eMerchants Mutual Credit Corporation was organized in 1937 by a group of merchants on Pryor Street for the purpose of assisting small store owners to borrow funds for the purchase of merchandise. The idea was conceived by Ely Freedman, the son of Morris Freedman, who became its first President. Other organizers were: Morris Freedman, Harry Spector, Israel Zion, Louis Aranoff, and Thomas Makover.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30677/file/98744#t=1290.0,1320.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30677/file/98744/annotation_set/200/annotation/247","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe Atlanta Co-operative Credit Union was founded in 1939 by a group that included David Isenberg, as president, and Solomon Miller, as secretary. Originally established as a free loan society, it eventually grew into a credit union regulated by the State of Georgia.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30677/file/98744#t=1290.0,1320.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30677/file/98744/annotation_set/200/annotation/248","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eNational Bank of Georgia originated when Bank of Georgia was renamed in 1965. The Bank of Georgia was established in 1911. In 1965, when it was renamed National Bank of Georgia, it’s status changed from a state member bank to a national bank.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30677/file/98744#t=1350.0,1380.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30677/file/98744/annotation_set/200/annotation/249","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eY2K, also known as the Millennium bug, refers to the coding of computerized systems that was projected to create havoc in computers and computer networks around the world at the beginning of the year 2000 (in metric measurements K stands for thousand). Many programs represented four-digit years with only the final two digits, making the year 2000 indistinguishable from 1900.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30677/file/98744#t=1380.0,1410.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30677/file/98744/annotation_set/200/annotation/250","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe Bank of America Corporation is an American multinational investment bank and financial services company based in Charlotte, North Carolina with central hubs in New York City, London, Hong Kong, Minneapolis, and Toronto. Bank of America was formed through NationsBank's acquisition of BankAmerica in 1998.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30677/file/98744#t=1410.0,1440.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30677/file/98744/annotation_set/200/annotation/251","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eSunTrust is a publicly-held company that serves the Southeastern United States with 1,400 bank branches. It was the successor to Trust Company of Georgia. Trust Company of Georgia was initially chartered by the Georgia General Assembly as the Commercial Travelers’ Savings Bank. In 1893, it restructured and renamed itself Trust Company of Georgia. After a series of acquisitions and mergers, the combined company took the name SunTrust in 1995.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30677/file/98744#t=1410.0,1440.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30677/file/98744/annotation_set/200/annotation/252","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eEugene  S. Asher (1928-2015) was born in Atlanta and educated at the University of Georgia where he received a degree in Journalism. After college, he built a career in sports journalism with the Associated Press and Atlanta Journal. After changing his career to life insurance sales, in 1990 he founded the Jewish Georgian, a newspaper focusing on Jews in Georgia. He was awarded a purple heart for his service in the Marines in the Korean War.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30677/file/98744#t=1620.0,1650.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30677/file/98744/annotation_set/200/annotation/253","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eCommonly known as Grady College, the School of Journalism was established in 1915 at the University of Georgia. In 1921 it was renamed Henry W. Grady School of Journalism in honor of university alumnus Henry W. Grady, an Athens native who served as part-owner and managing editor of the Atlanta Constitution in the 1880’s. In 1988, the school became the Henry W. Grady College of Journalism and Mass Communication.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30677/file/98744#t=1620.0,1650.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30677/file/98744/annotation_set/200/annotation/254","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe University of Georgia, founded in 1785, also referred to as UGA or simply Georgia, is an American public research university in the city of Athens in the U.S. state of Georgia.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30677/file/98744#t=1620.0,1650.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30677/file/98744/annotation_set/200/annotation/255","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe \u003cem\u003eAtlanta Journal-Constitution\u003c/em\u003e (AJC) is the only major daily newspaper in the metropolitan area of Atlanta, Georgia, United States. In 1982, The \u003cem\u003eAtlanta Journal\u003c/em\u003e (founded in 1883) combined staff with the \u003cem\u003eAtlanta Constitution\u003c/em\u003e (founded in 1868) to become the \u003cem\u003eAtlanta Journal-Constitution.\u003c/em\u003e Today, it is Atlanta’s only major daily paper. \u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30677/file/98744#t=1620.0,1650.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30677/file/98744/annotation_set/200/annotation/256","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe\u003cem\u003e Southern Israelite\u003c/em\u003e was a publication that covered news of the southern Jewry and issues that involved Jewish populations throughout the nation and world. Rabbi H. Cerf Straus originally established the \u003cem\u003eSouthern Israelite\u003c/em\u003e as a temple bulletin in Augusta in 1925. It became so popular he expanded it into a monthly newspaper. Straus eventually sold the paper to Herman Dessauer and Sara B. Simmons, who moved it to Atlanta, where it began circulating state-wide and eventually throughout the South. In 1930, M. Stephen Schiffer took over as sole owner of the \u003cem\u003eSouthern Israelite\u003c/em\u003e. Ownership of the paper was turned over to a corporation headed by editor Adolph Rosenberg in 1951. In 1964 Vida Goldgar joined the staff and was an important contributor to the \u003cem\u003eSouthern Israelite\u003c/em\u003e for the next 40 years. In 1979, she purchased the paper. In 1987, its name changed from \u003cem\u003eSouthern Israelite\u003c/em\u003e to the\u003cem\u003e Atlanta Jewish Times\u003c/em\u003e. The paper is now owned by Michael Morris and continues as a weekly publication with a distribution of 15,000 copies per week (1918). \u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30677/file/98744#t=1650.0,1680.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30677/file/98744/annotation_set/200/annotation/257","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eAdolph Rosenberg (?-1977) was a journalist who became the editor of the \u003cem\u003eSouthern Israelite\u003c/em\u003e after serving as a reporter for the \u003cem\u003eAtlanta Journal\u003c/em\u003e and the \u003cem\u003eAtlanta Constitution\u003c/em\u003e.  In 1951 Rosenberg headed a corporation that took over ownership the \u003cem\u003eSouthern Israelite\u003c/em\u003e.  \u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30677/file/98744#t=1650.0,1680.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30677/file/98744/annotation_set/200/annotation/258","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eSamuel \"Sam\" Appel was born in Charleston, South Carolina in 1929. He was an attorney in Atlanta, Georgia.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30677/file/98744#t=1710.0,1740.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30677/file/98744/annotation_set/200/annotation/259","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe Temple, or ‘Hebrew Benevolent Congregation,’ is Atlanta’s oldest Jewish congregation. The cornerstone was laid on the Temple on Garnett Street in 1875. The dedication was held in 1877 and the Temple was located there until 1902. The Temple’s next location on Pryor Street was dedicated in 1902. The Temple’s current location in Midtown on Peachtree Street was dedicated in 1931. The main sanctuary is on the National Register of Historic Places. The Reform congregation now totals approximately 1,500 families. \u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30677/file/98744#t=1860.0,1890.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30677/file/98744/annotation_set/200/annotation/260","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eAbbreviation for laughing out loud. LOL is used on social media and in text messages to denote something is funny or is intended as a joke\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30677/file/98744#t=1920.0,1950.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30677/file/98744/annotation_set/200/annotation/261","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eKosher/\u003cem\u003eKashrut\u003c/em\u003e is the set of Jewish dietary laws. Food that may be consumed according to \u003cem\u003ehalakhah\u003c/em\u003e (Jewish law) is termed ‘kosher’ in English. Kosher refers to Jewish laws that dictate how food is prepared or served and which kinds of foods or animals can be eaten. Food that is not in accordance with Jewish law is called ‘\u003cem\u003etreif\u003c/em\u003e.’ The word ‘kosher’ has become English vernacular, a colloquialism meaning proper, legitimate, genuine, fair, or acceptable. Kosher can also be used to describe ritual objects that are made in accordance with Jewish law and are fit for ritual use. \u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30677/file/98744#t=2070.0,2100.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30677/file/98744/annotation_set/200/annotation/262","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe Atlanta Braves are an American professional baseball team based in the Atlanta metropolitan area. The Braves compete in Major League Baseball (MLB) as a member of the National League (NL) East division. The Braves played home games at Atlanta–Fulton County Stadium from 1966 to 1996, and Turner Field from 1997 to 2016. Since 2017, their home stadium has been SunTrust Park, a new stadium 10 miles (16 km) northwest of downtown Atlanta in the Cumberland neighborhood of Cobb County. The Braves were the World Series champion team in 1995.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30677/file/98744#t=2280.0,2310.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30677/file/98744/annotation_set/200/annotation/263","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe Atlanta Falcons are a professional American football team based in Atlanta, Georgia. The Falcons compete in the National Football League (NFL). The Falcons' current home field is Mercedes-Benz Stadium in Atlanta.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30677/file/98744#t=2310.0,2340.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30677/file/98744/annotation_set/200/annotation/264","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eAtlanta United is an American professional soccer club based in Atlanta, Georgia that competes in Major League Soccer (MLS) as a member of the league's Eastern Conference and the winner of the MLS Cup in 2018. The club plays home games at the Mercedes-Benz Stadium which it shares with the Atlanta Falcons.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30677/file/98744#t=2310.0,2340.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30677/file/98744/annotation_set/200/annotation/265","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eRabbi Alvin M. Sugarman is the Rabbi Emeritus of The Temple in Atlanta.  He began his rabbinate at The Temple in 1971 and in 1974 was named senior rabbi. A native of Atlanta, Rabbi Sugarman received his BBA from Emory University and was ordained by Hebrew Union College. In 1988 he received his PhD in Theological Studies from Emory University.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30677/file/98744#t=2370.0,2400.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30677/file/98744/annotation_set/200/annotation/266","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eReform Judaism is a division within Judaism, especially in North America and Western Europe.  Historically it began in the nineteenth century. In general, the Reform movement maintains that Judaism and Jewish traditions should be modernized and compatible with participation in Western culture. While the Torah remains the law, in Reform Judaism women are included (mixed seating, bat mitzvah and women rabbis), music is allowed in the services, and most of the service is in English.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30677/file/98744#t=2400.0,2430.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30677/file/98744/annotation_set/200/annotation/267","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eHebrew Union College-Jewish Institute of Religion (HUC-JIR) is the oldest Jewish seminary in the Americas and the main training seminary for rabbis, cantors, educators and communal works in Reform Judaism. It has campuses in Cincinnati, New York, Los Angeles, and Jerusalem.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30677/file/98744#t=2430.0,2460.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30677/file/98744/annotation_set/200/annotation/268","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eRabbi Jacob Rothschild was rabbi of the city’s oldest Reform congregation, The Temple, in Atlanta, Georgia from 1946 until his death in 1973 from a heart attack. He forged close relationships with the city’s Christian clergy and distinguished himself as a charismatic spokesperson for civil rights.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30677/file/98744#t=2460.0,2490.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30677/file/98744/annotation_set/200/annotation/269","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eTemple Sinai was founded as a Reform congregation in 1968 and met in a variety of locations before establishing a synagogue on Dupree Drive in Sandy Springs, north of Atlanta. Rabbi Richard Lehrman was chosen as the congregation’s founding rabbi. The current rabbi is Rabbi Ronald M. Segal.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30677/file/98744#t=2610.0,2640.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30677/file/98744/annotation_set/200/annotation/270","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eFriendship Hall was the name given to a remodeled and expanded area in The Temple, in Atlanta, Georgia, after it was bombed in 1958, as a way to recognize the support given by non-Jews to The Temple after the bombing. In 2004, The Temple replaced Friendship Hall with a larger 7,000 square-foot ballroom and social hall, Schwartz-Goldstein Hall.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30677/file/98744#t=2670.0,2700.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30677/file/98744/annotation_set/200/annotation/271","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe Zaban Paradies Center (originally called the Temple Zaban Night Shelter for the Homeless) was founded in 1984 as the first and only shelter for homeless couples in Atlanta. It provides housing and two meals daily for homeless couples. In lieu of paying a fee to reside at the Center, couples are assigned chores and are assisted in breaking the cycle of homelessness.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30677/file/98744#t=2730.0,2760.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30677/file/98744/annotation_set/200/annotation/272","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eNative Atlantan, philanthropist and community leader Erwin Zaban (1921-2010) was known by many as the ‘Godfather of the Jewish Community.’ After quitting school to help in his father’s Depression-era business at age 15, Zaban built successful businesses worth billions of dollars and donated millions to worthy causes. He worked alongside his parents to build Zep Manufacturing Company. Zep later merged with National Linen and became National Service Industries, a Fortune 500 Company. He donated and raised money for undeveloped land in Dunwoody that became Zaban Park, home of the Marcus Jewish Community Center of Atlanta. He donated money to the Jewish Home, for which the Zaban Tower is named. He helped create the homeless couples’ shelter at The Temple which bears his name.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30677/file/98744#t=2730.0,2760.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30677/file/98744/annotation_set/200/annotation/273","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eBernard Howard (1920-1989) was a local Jewish leader in Atlanta, Georgia. He served terms as president of the Atlanta Jewish Community Council (predecessor of the Atlanta Jewish Federation), the Atlanta Jewish Community Center, and the Standard Club. The Gate City Lodge of B’nai B’rith awarded him its Distinguished Service Award. He was a vice-president of the Lovable Bra Co. for 30 years and later operated a wholesale showroom in the Atlanta Decorative Arts Center. He was the father of Clark Howard, a popular consumer expert and host of the nationally syndicated radio program, the Clark Howard Show.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30677/file/98744#t=2730.0,2760.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30677/file/98744/annotation_set/200/annotation/274","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eIrwin “Ike” Feldman (1919-2007) was born in Jamaica, New York and moved to Atlanta in 1953. He attained the rank of Major while serving in the Army Air Corps during World War II. During his career he was Home Furnishings Merchandiser and Executive Vice President of the Davison's stores in Georgia. He and his wife Carol operated a chain of Ethan Allen Carriage House stores in Atlanta. He was past president of the Standard Club, and was instrumental, along with Bernie Howard, in opening the Temple Night Shelter.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30677/file/98744#t=2760.0,2790.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30677/file/98744/annotation_set/200/annotation/275","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe \u003cem\u003eAron Kodesh\u003c/em\u003e [Hebrew], also called the Holy Ark or Torah Ark, is the holiest place in the synagogue and where the Torah scrolls are kept when not in use. The \u003cem\u003eAron Kodesh\u003c/em\u003e is situated in the front of the synagogue and is usually an ornate curtained-off cabinet or section of the synagogue built along the wall that most closely faced Jerusalem, the direction Jews face when praying. \u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30677/file/98744#t=2790.0,2820.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30677/file/98744/annotation_set/200/annotation/276","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eDuring \u003cem\u003eSukkot\u003c/em\u003e, Jews transfer their living quarters from the house to a \u003cem\u003esukkah\u003c/em\u003e, which is a makeshift booth whose roof is of branches or vegetation thin enough to let the rain in.  People eat in the \u003cem\u003esukkah\u003c/em\u003e and many pious Jews sleep there. The \u003cem\u003esukkah\u003c/em\u003e is meant to remind Jews of the booths in which their ancestors dwelt when they wandered in the wilderness during the Exodus. \u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30677/file/98744#t=2790.0,2820.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30677/file/98744/annotation_set/200/annotation/277","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eHebrew for ‘platform.’ The \u003cem\u003ebimah\u003c/em\u003e is a raised structure in the synagogue from which the \u003cem\u003eTorah\u003c/em\u003e is read and from which prayers are led.  \u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30677/file/98744#t=2820.0,2850.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30677/file/98744/annotation_set/200/annotation/278","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eSimon “Slick” Selig, Jr. (1913-1986) of Atlanta was chairman of Selig Enterprises, a commercial and industrial real estate firm.  He was previously president of Selig Chemical Industries Inc., a manufacturer of chemical sanitary products, from 1940 to 1968. His philanthropic gifts benefited the University of Georgia (UGA) in Athens, the Woodruff Arts Center which includes the High Museum, The Temple, and the Southern Center for International Studies. He was a graduate of Boys High, and received a bachelor's degree in business administration from UGA. During World War II, he served in the infantry and rose to the rank of lieutenant colonel.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30677/file/98744#t=2880.0,2910.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30677/file/98744/annotation_set/200/annotation/279","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe Selig Educational Building is adjacent to The Temple in Atlanta, Georgia.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30677/file/98744#t=2880.0,2910.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30677/file/98744/annotation_set/200/annotation/280","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eAtlanta Jewish Community Center was officially founded in 1910, as the Jewish Educational Alliance. In the late 1940’s it evolved into the Atlanta Jewish Community Center and moved to Peachtree Street. It stayed there until 1998, when the building was sold and the center moved to Dunwoody. In 2000, it was renamed the ‘Marcus Jewish Community Center of Atlanta.’\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30677/file/98744#t=2940.0,2970.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30677/file/98744/annotation_set/200/annotation/281","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe Atlanta Jewish Federation was formally incorporated in 1967 and is the result of the merger of the Atlanta Federation for Jewish Social Service founded in 1905 as the Federation of Jewish Charities; the Atlanta Jewish Welfare Federation founded in 1936 as the Atlanta Jewish Welfare Fund; and the Atlanta Jewish Community Council founded in 1945. The organization was renamed the Jewish Federation of Greater Atlanta in 1997.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30677/file/98744#t=2940.0,2970.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30677/file/98744/annotation_set/200/annotation/282","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003ePossibly a reference to Mark Jacobson. He has been the Executive Director of The Temple since 1977. A native of Atlanta, Mark received his B.A. degree from Tufts University and earned his M.B.A. from Georgia State University’s Executive M.B.A. program.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30677/file/98744#t=2940.0,2970.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30677/file/98744/annotation_set/200/annotation/283","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eJewish Family and Career Services (JF\u0026amp;CS Atlanta) is a group of professionals and volunteers offering programs, and resources for individuals and families of all faiths, cultures and ages. Services include counseling, tools for employment, and support for people with developmental disabilities. JF\u0026amp;CS is a member organization of the Association of Jewish Family \u0026amp; Children's Agencies (AJFCA). JF\u0026amp;CS is a result of the merging of two separate organizations, both of which started as committees of the Jewish Federation of Greater Atlanta. The first, Jewish Family Services was founded around 1890. The agency became an autonomous organization in 1982. In 1979, Jewish Vocational Services was started. It became independent in 1985. The two agencies merged in 1997 to become JF\u0026amp;CS.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30677/file/98744#t=2940.0,2970.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30677/file/98744/annotation_set/200/annotation/284","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eJewish Family Services of Atlanta was an organization that began its life in 1890 as the Montefiore Relief Association. Its name and focus changed multiple times. It became a constituent agency of the Jewish Federation of Atlanta. In 1982 Jewish Family Services incorporated as a separate organization, although it continued to maintain its affiliation with the Federation. It operated the Jewish Family and Children’s Bureau and the Ben Massell Dental Clinic. Jewish Family Services merged with Jewish Vocational Services in 1997 to become Jewish Family and Career Services.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30677/file/98744#t=2940.0,2970.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30677/file/98744/annotation_set/200/annotation/285","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eMax Cuba (1903-1972) was born in New York and lived in Atlanta, Georgia. He was a Certified Public Accountant, community leader, and philanthropist. Max served as a city alderman several times, and was a leader on the Atlanta-Fulton County Joint Planning Board for over 30 years. He was also twice the president of the Atlanta Jewish Community Council, and a member of the Board of Directors of the Council of Jewish Federations and Welfare Funds. He was the “Man of the Year” for B’nai B’rith, Jewish War Veterans, and the Jewish Theological Seminary. He was the President of Ahavath Achim Congregation and B’nai B’rith. As he had no family of his own, his personal life was closely linked with the family of his brother, Joe Cuba, as he lived with them for some time.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30677/file/98744#t=2940.0,2970.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30677/file/98744/annotation_set/200/annotation/286","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe Jewish Educational Loan Fund (JELF) had its origins in 1961 when the Jewish Children’s Services (JCS), which grew out of the Hebrew Orphans’ Home in Atlanta, Georgia shifted its focus to providing interest-free, needs-based loans to college students within the five-state region that was originally served by the Orphans’ Home. The JCS board combined some assets from the Simon Wolf Endowment Fund with JCS’ scholarship fund. In 1989, the organization changed its names to the Jewish Educational Loan Fund (JELF). Currently, its endowment totals $5.1 million (2018).\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30677/file/98744#t=3060.0,3090.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30677/file/98744/annotation_set/200/annotation/287","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe Hebrew Orphans’ Home was located at 478 Washington Street in Atlanta, Georgia. The residence facility was open from 1876 to 1930. It was originally called the Hebrew Orphans’ Asylum and was originally an actual orphanage. In 1901, the name was changed to the Hebrew Orphans’ Home. Then its services phased into placing children in foster home care and helping with adoptions instead of an actual orphans' home, during which time it was called the Jewish Family and Children's Bureau (and another variation—Jewish Children's Services). Finally it got out of the children's institutional care business entirely. In 1988, the organization’s mission changed and it became the Jewish Educational Loan Fund (JELF) with the goal of providing low-interest post-secondary education loans for Jewish students\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30677/file/98744#t=3150.0,3180.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30677/file/98744/annotation_set/200/annotation/288","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe Jewish Interest Free Loan of Atlanta (JIFLA) opened its doors in 2010 to provide interest-free loans to help with mortgage arrears, dental or medical costs, temporary unemployment, funeral cost, and debt reduction. It’s predecessors in Atlanta included the Morris Lichtenstein Free Loan Fund, founded in the 1890’s as the Montefiore Relief Association, the Congregation Ahavath Achim (AA) Free Loan Association founded in 1930. AA’s free loan fund existed until the early 1960’s when it ceased operating and transferred its remaining assets to the Jewish Home for the Aged.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30677/file/98744#t=3150.0,3180.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30677/file/98744/annotation_set/200/annotation/289","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eB'nai B'rith International (Hebrew: ‘Children of the Covenant’) is the oldest Jewish service organization in the world. B'nai B'rith states that it is committed to the security and continuity of the Jewish people and the State of Israel and combating antisemitism and bigotry. Its mission is to unite persons of the Jewish faith and to enhance Jewish identity through strengthening Jewish family life, to provide broad-based services for the benefit of senior citizens, and to facilitate advocacy and action on behalf of Jews throughout the world.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30677/file/98744#t=3210.0,3240.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30677/file/98744/annotation_set/200/annotation/290","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eAhavath Achim (AA) was founded in 1887 in a small room on Gilmer Street. In 1901 they moved to a permanent building at the corner of Piedmont and Gilmer Street. In 1921, the congregation constructed a synagogue at Washington Street and Woodward Avenue. The final service in that building was held in 1958 to make way for construction of the Downtown Connector (the concurrent section of Interstate 75 and Interstate 85 through Atlanta). The synagogue moved to its current location on Peachtree Battle Avenue in 1958.  Rabbi Abraham Hirmes was the first rabbi of the then Orthodox congregation. In 1928 Rabbi Harry Epstein became the rabbi and the congregation began to shift to Conservatism, which they joined in 1952. Cantor Isaac Goodfriend, a Holocaust survivor, joined the congregation in 1966 and remained until his retirement. Rabbi Epstein retired in 1982, becoming Rabbi Emeritus and Rabbi Arnold Goodman assumed the rabbinic post. He retired in 2002 and was succeeded by Rabbi Neil Sandler.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30677/file/98744#t=3300.0,3330.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30677/file/98744/annotation_set/200/annotation/291","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe Great Depression was a severe worldwide economic depression in the decade preceding World War II. The time of the Great Depression varied across nations, but in most countries it started in about 1929 and lasted until the late 1930’s or early 1940’s. It was the longest, most widespread, and deepest depression of the twentieth century.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30677/file/98744#t=3300.0,3330.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30677/file/98744/annotation_set/200/annotation/292","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eYad L’Yad is an Atlanta non-profit grass roots organization established to offer short term assistance to local Jewish individuals and families. It helps with kosher food assistance, and distributes \u003cem\u003eMatanos l’Evyonim\u003c/em\u003e funds to needy families on Purim day and Maos Chitim, Passover food, to needy families. \u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30677/file/98744#t=3300.0,3330.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30677/file/98744/annotation_set/200/annotation/293","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eOrthodox Judaism is a traditional branch of Judaism that strictly follows the Written Torah and the Oral Law concerning prayer, dress, food, sex, family relations, social behavior, the Sabbath day, holidays and more.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30677/file/98744#t=3300.0,3330.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30677/file/98744/annotation_set/200/annotation/294","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eLouis Anthony “Tony” Montag is a native of Atlanta, Georgia, born in 1934. In 1982 he founded Montag, a wealth management firm in Atlanta. He attended the Marist School in Atlanta and graduated from the Lawrenceville School in Lawrenceville, New Jersey. He is a Chartered Financial Analyst (CFA) who obtained a B.A. from Yale University and an M.B.A. from Harvard Business School. His career began in 1960 when he joined Montag and Caldwell, an investment firm founded by his father Louis Adolph Montag. He served on the Board of Governors for the Hebrew Union College Institute of Religion and was a treasurer for The Temple in Atlanta.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30677/file/98744#t=3540.0,3570.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30677/file/98744/annotation_set/200/annotation/295","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eA. Montag and Associates, also known as Montag, is a wealth management firm in Atlanta founded in 1982 by Louis Anthony “Tony” Montag.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30677/file/98744#t=3540.0,3570.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30677/file/98744/annotation_set/200/annotation/296","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eIn 2015, the Zaban Couples Center was renamed The Zaban Paradies Center for Homeless Couples after a generous donation from Rick Paradies in memory of his father, Dan Paradies.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30677/file/98744#t=3690.0,3720.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30677/file/98744/annotation_set/200/annotation/297","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eDaniel Morton “Dan” Paradies (1921-2014) was an Atlanta businessman who was president and CEO of Paradies Shops. He founded Paradies Shops as a single toy store at the Atlanta Municipal Airport in 1960 and grew it into a global airport concession company. In 1994 he was convicted and was imprisoned on 83 counts of mail fraud and conspiracy involving bribery and corruption of public city officials. He was a graduate of Boys High School in Atlanta and attended the University of Virginia. He was a pilot in the United States Army Air Corps during World War II.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30677/file/98744#t=3690.0,3720.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30677/file/98744/annotation_set/200/annotation/298","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe Paradies family business began with Paradies and Company, a distributorship founded by Isaac Jacob “I.J.” Paradies in 1942. In 1960, his son Dan Paradies founded Paradies Shops at Hartsfield Atlanta International Airport which grew into a chain of retail and dining shops in airports and hotels in the United States and Canada. In 1993 a federal corruption trial resulted in Dan Paradies serving 12 months in prison and a $1.5 billion fine against Paradies Shops and Paradies Midfield. Paradies Shops was acquired by Lagardère Travel Retail in 2015 and the combined company is now known as Paradies Lagardère.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30677/file/98744#t=3690.0,3720.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30677/file/98744/annotation_set/200/annotation/299","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eRensselaer Polytechnic Institute (RPI) is a private research university in Troy, New York, with additional campuses in Hartford and Groton, Connecticut.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30677/file/98744#t=3960.0,3990.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30677/file/98744/annotation_set/200/annotation/300","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe Westminster Schools is a private Christian day school in Atlanta, Georgia that originated in 1951 as a reorganization of the North Avenue Presbyterian School, a girls' school and an affiliate of the North Avenue Presbyterian Church. Dr. William L. Pressly served as Westminster's first president. In 1953, Washington Seminary, another private school for girls founded by two of George Washington's great-nieces in 1878, merged with Westminster. The resulting school was co-educational until the sixth grade, with separate schools for boys and girls continuing through the twelfth grade, a practice that continued until 1986 and provided the basis of Westminster's plural name.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30677/file/98744#t=4020.0,4050.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30677/file/98744/annotation_set/200/annotation/301","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eProbably a reference to Georgia High School Association, a voluntary organization composed of over 450 public and private high schools. It strives to promote good sportsmanship and a cooperative spirit among its member schools.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30677/file/98744#t=4050.0,4080.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30677/file/98744/annotation_set/200/annotation/302","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe Georgia Institute of Technology (commonly referred to as ‘Georgia Tech’ or ‘Tech’) is a public research university in Atlanta, Georgia, in the United States. It is a part of the University System of Georgia. The educational institution was founded in 1885 as the Georgia School of Technology as part of Reconstruction plans to build an industrial economy in the post-Civil War Southern United States.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30677/file/98744#t=4080.0,4110.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30677/file/98744/annotation_set/200/annotation/303","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe University of Florida (commonly referred to as Florida or UF) is an American public university that was founded in 1853 and is located in Gainesville, in north central Florida.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30677/file/98744#t=4110.0,4140.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30677/file/98744/annotation_set/200/annotation/304","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eVanderbilt University (informally Vandy) is a private research university in Nashville, Tennessee. Founded in 1873, it was named in honor of New York shipping and rail magnate Cornelius Vanderbilt.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30677/file/98744#t=4110.0,4140.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30677/file/98744/annotation_set/200/annotation/305","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eGeorgia Lacrosse Foundation is the formal name of the Georgia chapter of US Lacrosse. US Lacrosse is the national governing body of men and women’s lacrosse in the United States.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30677/file/98744#t=4140.0,4170.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30677/file/98744/annotation_set/200/annotation/306","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe Georgia Swarm is a box lacrosse team in the National Lacrosse League. They have been playing at the Infinite Energy Arena in Duluth, Georgia since their 2016 season. The team was formed as the Minnesota Swarm and played in Saint Paul, Minnesota from 2004 until 2015.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30677/file/98744#t=4170.0,4200.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30677/file/98744/annotation_set/200/annotation/307","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eAtlanta Jewish Community Center (JCC) was officially founded in 1910, as the Jewish Educational Alliance. In the late 1940’s it evolved into the Atlanta Jewish Community Center and moved to Peachtree Street. It stayed there until 1998, when the building was sold and the center moved to Dunwoody. In 2000, it was renamed the ‘Marcus Jewish Community Center of Atlanta.’\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30677/file/98744#t=4260.0,4290.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30677/file/98744/annotation_set/200/annotation/308","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe Marcus Jewish Community Center of Atlanta (MJCCA) is the primary Jewish community center in Atlanta.  It is located in Dunwoody, north of the city, and offers family-centric programs and events with programs, events, and classes that enrich the quality of family life.  Their programs include preschool, camping, fitness and sports, Jewish life and learning, arts and culture and social and educational programs.  It was named in honor of Bernard Marcus, one of the co-founders of Home Depot, who gave a major gift to the capital campaign.  The Atlanta Jewish Community Center (AJCC) on Peachtree Road in Midtown preceded it.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30677/file/98744#t=4260.0,4290.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30677/file/98744/annotation_set/200/annotation/309","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe Jewish Educational Alliance (JEA) operated from 1910 to 1948 on the site where the Atlanta- Fulton County Stadium was located. The JEA was once the hub of Jewish life in Atlanta. Families congregated there for social, educational, sports, and cultural programs. The JEA ran camps and held classes to help new residents learn to read and write English. For newcomers, it became a refuge, with programs to help them acclimate to a new home. The JEA stayed at that site until the late 1940’s, when it evolved into the Atlanta Jewish Community Center and moved to Peachtree Street. It stayed there until 1998, when the building was sold and the center moved to Dunwoody. In 2000, it was renamed the ‘Marcus Jewish Community Center of Atlanta.’\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30677/file/98744#t=4260.0,4290.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30677/file/98744/annotation_set/200/annotation/310","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eFounded in 1904 in Atlanta, Georgia, Shearith Israel began as a congregation that met in the homes of congregants until 1906 when they began using a Methodist church on Hunter Street. After World War II, Rabbi Tobias Geffen moved the congregation to University Drive, where it became the first synagogue in DeKalb County. In the 1960’s, they removed the barrier between the men’s and women’s sections in the sanctuary, and officially became affiliated with the Conservative movement in 2002.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30677/file/98744#t=4290.0,4320.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30677/file/98744/annotation_set/200/annotation/311","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eOr VeShalom was established in Atlanta, Georgia, by refugees of the Ottoman Empire, namely from Turkey and the Isle of Rhodes.  The Sephardic/Traditional congregation began in 1920 and was based at Central and Woodward Avenues until 1948 when it moved to a larger building on North Highland Road.  The current building for Or VeShalom is on North Druid Hills Road.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30677/file/98744#t=4290.0,4320.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30677/file/98744/annotation_set/200/annotation/312","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eAdolf Hitler (1889-1945) was a German politician who was the leader of the Nazi Party, Chancellor of Germany from 1933 to 1945, and Führer (“leader”) of Nazi Germany from 1934 to 1945. As dictator of Nazi Germany, he initiated World War II in Europe with the invasion of Poland in September 1939 and was a central figure of the Holocaust.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30677/file/98744#t=4290.0,4320.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30677/file/98744/annotation_set/200/annotation/313","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eReference to the book S\u003cem\u003etrangers Within The Gate City: The Jews of Atlanta, 1845-1915\u003c/em\u003e by Steven Hertzberg, published in 1978 by Jewish Publication Society of America. \u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30677/file/98744#t=4350.0,4380.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30677/file/98744/annotation_set/200/annotation/314","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe Standard Club is a Jewish social club that started as the Concordia Association in 1867 in Downtown Atlanta. In 1905, it was reorganized as the ‘Standard Club’ and moved into the former mansion of William C. Sanders near where Turner Field is now located.  In the late 1920’s the club moved to Ponce de Leon Avenue in Midtown Atlanta.  Later, the club moved to what is now the Lenox Park business park and was located there until 1983. In the 1980’s, the club moved to its present location in Johns Creek in Atlanta’s northern suburbs. \u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30677/file/98744#t=4440.0,4470.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30677/file/98744/annotation_set/200/annotation/315","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eA modern Orthodox high school founded in 1971, which offered a well-rounded, Torah-based, college preparatory education to young Jewish men and women.  As of mid-2014 the Greenfield Hebrew Academy (grades pre-K through 8) and Yeshiva High School (grades 9-12) merged into one college preparatory day school now called the ‘Atlanta Jewish Academy.’\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30677/file/98744#t=4470.0,4500.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30677/file/98744/annotation_set/200/annotation/316","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eTemima—The Richard \u0026amp; Jean Katz High School for Girls in Atlanta, Georgia is a private Jewish school for girls in grades 9 through 12.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30677/file/98744#t=4500.0,4530.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30677/file/98744/annotation_set/200/annotation/317","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eYeshiva High School and the JCC Early Childhood Program were both housed at the Jewish Community Center on Peachtree Street during this time.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30677/file/98744#t=4500.0,4530.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30677/file/98744/annotation_set/200/annotation/318","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eIsrael Expo 85 was an event held at the former Atlanta Jewish Community Center campus in Midtown Atlanta. The event had exhibits, booths, and a marketplace that presented Israeli food, gifts, and entertainment.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30677/file/98744#t=4500.0,4530.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30677/file/98744/annotation_set/200/annotation/319","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eZaban Park in Dunwoody is home to the Marcus Jewish Community Center of Atlanta. The area is named for philanthropist and community leader Erwin Zaban who gave and raised money for what was formerly undeveloped pastureland.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30677/file/98744#t=4560.0,4590.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30677/file/98744/annotation_set/200/annotation/320","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eIn 1992, M. William Breman gave the lead gift, ensuring the creation of the William Breman Jewish Heritage Museum. In 1996, the museum opened at the Selig Center on Spring Street in Midtown Atlanta. The Museum features a permanent exhibit called ‘Absence of Humanity’: ‘The Holocaust Years, 1933-1945’ as well as exhibitions about Southern Jewish history and Jewish culture. The Breman Museum also includes the Cuba Family Archives for Southern Jewish History, the Weinberg Center for Holocaust Education, and a library of research materials.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30677/file/98744#t=4710.0,4740.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30677/file/98744/annotation_set/200/annotation/321","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe Yiddish term for town, \u003cem\u003eshtetl\u003c/em\u003e, commonly refers to small towns or villages in pre–World War II Eastern and Central Europe with a significant Jewish presence that were primarily Yiddish speaking. \u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30677/file/98744#t=4740.0,4770.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30677/file/98744/annotation_set/200/annotation/322","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe Jewish Student Union (JSU) sponsors regular club meetings for Jewish teenagers in non-Jewish high schools in the Atlanta metropolitan area. The clubs meet during the lunch hour, before or after school. JSU also sponsors activities and events outside of school including retreats, holiday parties, community service projects, ski trips, Friday night dinners, and international trips, Rabbi Chaim Neiditch is the founder and executive director of JSU.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30677/file/98744#t=4770.0,4800.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30677/file/98744/annotation_set/200/annotation/323","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eRabbi Chaim Neiditch is executive director and founder of the Jewish Student Union of Atlanta (JSU) and director of the southern region of the Orthodox Union’s National Conference of Synagogue Youth (NCSY). He has an M.B.A. from Johns Hopkins University in Baltimore, Maryland.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30677/file/98744#t=4770.0,4800.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30677/file/98744/annotation_set/200/annotation/324","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe \u003cem\u003emenorah\u003c/em\u003e, which has seven branches, is an ancient symbol of the Jews. It has come to be connected with \u003cem\u003eHanukkah\u003c/em\u003e. The \u003cem\u003eTalmud\u003c/em\u003e states that it is prohibited to use a seven-branched menorah outside of the Temple so the \u003cem\u003eHanukkah\u003c/em\u003e \u003cem\u003emenorah\u003c/em\u003e (\u003cem\u003ehanukiah\u003c/em\u003e) has nine branches. \u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30677/file/98744#t=4800.0,4830.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30677/file/98744/annotation_set/200/annotation/325","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eHamantash\u003c/em\u003e (pl.: \u003cem\u003ehamantashen\u003c/em\u003e) is a Yiddish word for a filled triangular cookie or pastry, usually associated with the Jewish holiday of \u003cem\u003ePurim\u003c/em\u003e and Haman, the villain in the \u003cem\u003ePurim \u003c/em\u003estory. The shape is achieved by folding in the sides of a circular piece of dough, with a filling placed in the center.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30677/file/98744#t=4800.0,4830.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30677/file/98744/annotation_set/200/annotation/326","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eAmit Program was a non-profit organization that provided Jewish education to special needs children in the Atlanta area who were visually-impaired, hearing-impaired, or learning disabled. It was organized in 2002 and ceased to exist in 2013.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30677/file/98744#t=4860.0,4890.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30677/file/98744/annotation_set/200/annotation/327","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eBar mitzvah \u003c/em\u003e is Hebrew for ‘son of commandment.’ A rite of passage for Jewish boys aged 13 years and one day.  At that time, a Jewish boy is considered a responsible adult for most religious purposes.  He is now duty bound to keep the commandments, he puts on \u003cem\u003etefillin\u003c/em\u003e, and may be counted to the \u003cem\u003eminyan\u003c/em\u003e quorum for public worship.  He celebrates the \u003cem\u003ebar mitzvah\u003c/em\u003e by being called up to the reading of the \u003cem\u003eTorah\u003c/em\u003e in the synagogue, usually on the next available Sabbath after his Hebrew birthday.\u003cem\u003e Bat mitzvah\u003c/em\u003e is Hebrew for ‘daughter of commandment.’  A rite of passage for Jewish girls aged 12 years and one day according to her Hebrew birthday.  Many girls have their \u003cem\u003ebat mitzvah\u003c/em\u003e around age 13, the same as boys who have their\u003cem\u003e bar mitzvah\u003c/em\u003e at that age.  She is now duty bound to keep the commandments.  Synagogue ceremonies are held for\u003cem\u003e bat mitzvah\u003c/em\u003e girls in Reform and Conservative communities, but it has not won the universal approval of Orthodox rabbis. \u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30677/file/98744#t=4920.0,4950.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30677/file/98744/annotation_set/200/annotation/328","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe Youth Villages Inner Harbour Campus is one of Georgia’s largest psychiatric residential treatment programs for children and youth with serious emotional disturbances. Serving young people throughout the Southeast since 1962, the Inner Harbour Campus merged with Youth Villages in the fall of 2009. The 1200-acre campus is located in Douglasville, Georgia. Previous to the merger, it was known as Anneewakee Treatment Center.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30677/file/98744#t=4950.0,4980.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30677/file/98744/annotation_set/200/annotation/329","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe Anneewakee Treatment Center was a Douglasville, Georgia, based adolescent treatment center. It changed its name to the New Anneewakee, Inner Harbour Hospital and now Inner Harbour, Ltd (DBA) Inner Harbour for Children and Families, after a 1990 lawsuit by 110 former patients. There was physical and sexual abuse, exploitation of child labor, and deprivation of education from its inception in the early 1960’s through the mid 1980’s. Lewis Holland stepped in at Anneewakee in 1987 after its director was accused of abusing patients.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30677/file/98744#t=4980.0,5010.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30677/file/98744/annotation_set/200/annotation/330","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eLewis Gerald Holland, Sr. (1936-2011) was a native of Atlanta. His career included executive positions at Central Atlanta Progress (1991-1994), UBS AG (1983-91), and the Robinson Humphrey Company (1963-83). He was Chairman of Leadership Atlanta, Youth Villages (formerly Inner Harbor) and Cities and Schools. He served on the boards of the Wesley Woods Foundation, The Temple, Youth Villages, Cities and Schools, and Atlanta Boys and Girls Clubs. He was a graduate of the University of North Carolina.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30677/file/98744#t=5010.0,5040.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30677/file/98744/annotation_set/200/annotation/331","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eJulius Kurt Holland (1904-1979) was also known as J. Kurt Holland. He was born in Eberfield, Germany and immigrated to the United States in 1923. He relocated in Atlanta, Georgia where he became an attorney. He was a president of The Temple, and was active in Atlanta Jewish organizations such as the Standard Club,  B’nai B’rith Gate City Lodge, and the Jewish Home.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30677/file/98744#t=5010.0,5040.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30677/file/98744/annotation_set/200/annotation/332","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eJake Kurt Holland was born in Atlanta in 1945. He was an attorney with the law firm Haas, Holland, Levison, and Gilbert. He was a graduate of the University of Georgia (UGA) and Emory Law School.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30677/file/98744#t=5010.0,5040.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30677/file/98744/annotation_set/200/annotation/333","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eYouth Villages provides help for children and young people across the United States who face a wide range of emotional, mental and behavioral problems. It was founded in 1986. 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