{"@context":"http://iiif.io/api/presentation/3/context.json","id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/iiif/6q1sf2n984/manifest","type":"Manifest","label":{"en":["Alexander, Helen Eisemann (2009)"]},"logo":"https://d9jk7wjtjpu5g.cloudfront.net/organizations/logo_images/000/000/082/original/TheBreman_SecondaryMark_Horizontal_Blue_Black.png?1713640889","metadata":[{"label":{"en":["Date"]},"value":{"en":["2009-11-06 (created)"]}},{"label":{"en":["Agent"]},"value":{"en":["Alexander, Helen Eisemann (Interviewee)","Berman, Sandra (Interviewer)"]}},{"label":{"en":["Language"]},"value":{"en":["English (primary)"]}},{"label":{"en":["Format"]},"value":{"en":["video"]}},{"label":{"en":["Source"]},"value":{"en":["William Breman Jewish Heritage Museum","Esther and Herbert Taylor Oral History Collection","Ida Pearle and Joseph Cuba Archives for Southern Jewish History"]}},{"label":{"en":["Publisher"]},"value":{"en":["William Breman Jewish Heritage Museum"]}},{"label":{"en":["Description"]},"value":{"en":["\u003cp\u003eHelen Eisemann Alexander was interviewed by Sandra Berman on November 6, 2009. \u003c/p\u003e (general)","\u003cp\u003eHelen Eisemann Alexander was born in 1922 in New York City, New York. Her father, Alexander Eisemann Sr., was a pioneer of commercial radio manufacture, helped sponsor and house Jewish people feeling pre-War Nazi Germany. She began acting as a teenager and during the War acted in several shows on and off Broadway, including the USO Camp Show \u003cem\u003eJunior Miss\u003c/em\u003e and the U.S. Army Air Force show, \u003cem\u003eWinged Victory\u003c/em\u003e. She moved to Atlanta, Georgia in the late 1940s. Once in Atlanta, she became involved in the Civil Rights movement and helped to found the Speech and Hearing Clinic for Atlanta’s deaf African American children. She was also active in the Jewish community, including the Black Jewish Coalition and the American Jewish Committee, serving as president in 1968 and 1969. Active in theater all her life, Alexander was a senior member of many organizations, including the Actor’s Equity Association, the Screen Actors Guild, and the American Federation of Radio and Television Artists. She also helped to merge three existing theater companies into Theater Atlanta, wrote radio spots for the League of Women Voters, and psychodramas/skits to help aid human relations during the integration of Atlanta’s public schools. Alexander had two sons and a daughter from her first marriage to Arthur Harris, and a daughter with her second husband, Marshall Mantler. In 1985, she married Atlanta architect and civic leader Cecil Alexander. \u003c/p\u003e (bioghist)","\u003cp\u003eHelen Alexander describes the atmosphere in New York City during World War II and how she became involved in the USO and USO Camp Shows and other volunteer work as part of the war effort. She reminisces about being a member of the cast of Winged Victory, the U.S. Army Air Force Broadway show and lists the actors she worked alongside. She reflects how she ended up in Atlanta after the War and her involvement in the Civil Rights Movement in Atlanta in the 1950s and 1960s. She also talks about the foundation of the Speech and Hearing Clinic for deaf African American children and aiding in the effort to acclimate children during desegregation and school integration. \u003c/p\u003e (scope content)"]}},{"label":{"en":["Source Metadata URI"]},"value":{"en":["https://archivesspace.thebreman.org/repositories/2/archival_objects/28943"]}},{"label":{"en":["Rights Statement"]},"value":{"en":["\u003cp\u003eAll rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, recorded by any information storage and retrieval system, without the express written consent of the William Breman Jewish Heritage Museum.\u003c/p\u003e"]}},{"label":{"en":["Subject"]},"value":{"en":["Alexander, Helen Eisemann (1922-2014) (personal name)","Gordon, Max (1892-1978) (personal name)","Kuhn, Fritz Julius (1896-1951) (personal name)","Roosevelt, Franklin Delano (1882-1945) (personal name)","Alexander, Cecil Abraham, Jr. (1918-2013) (personal name)","Brokaw, Thomas (personal name)","Mature, Victor (1913-1999) (personal name)","Harris, Arthur L. (1910-1996) (personal name)","Lundeen, Phoebe Weil Franklin (1928-1985) (personal name)","Hart, Moss (1904-1961) (personal name)","De Paur, Leonard Etienne (1914-1998) (personal name)","Deering, Olive (1918-1986) (personal name)","Muni, Paul (1895-1967) (personal name)","United Service Organizations (corporate name)","USO Camp Shows, Inc. (corporate name)","American Jewish Committee (corporate name)","Stage Door Canteen (New York, Ny.) (corporate name)","Hotel Edison (New York, Ny.) (corporate name)","Spelman College (corporate name)","Norris Candy Company (corporate name)","Junior League (corporate name)","Clark Atlanta University (corporate name)","Atlanta Speech School (corporate name)","Speech and Hearing Clinic (Atlanta, Ga.) (corporate name)","Butler Street YMCA (Atlanta, Ga.) (corporate name)","Young Men's Christian Association (corporate name)","Lincoln Center for the Performing Arts (corporate name)","Walter Reed Army Medical Center (corporate name)","Atlanta, Georgia (geographic term)","Decatur, Georgia (geographic term)","New York, New York (geographic term)","Washington, D.C. (geographic term)","Camp Gruber (Braggs, Ok.) (geographic term)","Muskogee, Oklahoma (geographic term)","World War II, 1939-1945 (named event)","Vietnam War, 1961-1975 (named event)","American Civil Rights Movement (named event)","Civil Rights Act of 1964 (named event)","Patriotism (topical term)","Segregation (topical term)","Desegregation (topical term)","Desegregation in education (topical term)","Civil rights activists (topical term)","Winged Victory (play) (topical term)"]}}],"summary":{"en":["\u003cp\u003eHelen Eisemann Alexander was interviewed by Sandra Berman on November 6, 2009.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eHelen Eisemann Alexander was born in 1922 in New York City, New York. Her father, Alexander Eisemann Sr., was a pioneer of commercial radio manufacture, helped sponsor and house Jewish people feeling pre-War Nazi Germany. She began acting as a teenager and during the War acted in several shows on and off Broadway, including the USO Camp Show \u003cem\u003eJunior Miss\u003c/em\u003e and the U.S. Army Air Force show, \u003cem\u003eWinged Victory\u003c/em\u003e. She moved to Atlanta, Georgia in the late 1940s. Once in Atlanta, she became involved in the Civil Rights movement and helped to found the Speech and Hearing Clinic for Atlanta\u0026rsquo;s deaf African American children. She was also active in the Jewish community, including the Black Jewish Coalition and the American Jewish Committee, serving as president in 1968 and 1969. Active in theater all her life, Alexander was a senior member of many organizations, including the Actor\u0026rsquo;s Equity Association, the Screen Actors Guild, and the American Federation of Radio and Television Artists. She also helped to merge three existing theater companies into Theater Atlanta, wrote radio spots for the League of Women Voters, and psychodramas/skits to help aid human relations during the integration of Atlanta\u0026rsquo;s public schools. Alexander had two sons and a daughter from her first marriage to Arthur Harris, and a daughter with her second husband, Marshall Mantler. In 1985, she married Atlanta architect and civic leader Cecil Alexander.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eHelen Alexander describes the atmosphere in New York City during World War II and how she became involved in the USO and USO Camp Shows and other volunteer work as part of the war effort. She reminisces about being a member of the cast of Winged Victory, the U.S. Army Air Force Broadway show and lists the actors she worked alongside. She reflects how she ended up in Atlanta after the War and her involvement in the Civil Rights Movement in Atlanta in the 1950s and 1960s. She also talks about the foundation of the Speech and Hearing Clinic for deaf African American children and aiding in the effort to acclimate children during desegregation and school integration.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e"]},"requiredStatement":{"label":{"en":["Attribution"]},"value":{"en":["\u003cp\u003eAll rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, recorded by any information storage and retrieval system, without the express written consent of the William Breman Jewish Heritage Museum.\u003c/p\u003e"]}},"provider":[{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/aboutus","type":"Agent","label":{"en":["William Breman Jewish Heritage Museum"]},"homepage":[{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/","type":"Text","label":{"en":["William Breman Jewish Heritage Museum"]},"format":"text/html"}],"logo":[{"id":"https://d9jk7wjtjpu5g.cloudfront.net/organizations/logo_images/000/000/082/original/TheBreman_SecondaryMark_Horizontal_Blue_Black.png?1713640889","type":"Image"}]}],"thumbnail":[{"id":"https://d9jk7wjtjpu5g.cloudfront.net/collection_resource_files/thumbnails/000/168/412/small/Alexander_Helen.mp4_1665446151.jpg?1665446152","type":"Image","format":"image/jpeg"}],"items":[{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/80285/file/168412","type":"Canvas","label":{"en":["Media File 1 of 1 - Alexander_Helen.mp4"]},"duration":1564.063,"width":640,"height":360,"thumbnail":[{"id":"https://d9jk7wjtjpu5g.cloudfront.net/collection_resource_files/thumbnails/000/168/412/small/Alexander_Helen.mp4_1665446151.jpg?1665446152","type":"Image","format":"image/jpeg"}],"items":[{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/80285/file/168412/content/1","type":"AnnotationPage","items":[{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/80285/file/168412/content/1/annotation/1","type":"Annotation","motivation":"painting","body":{"id":"https://aviary-p-thebreman.s3.wasabisys.com/collection_resource_files/resource_files/000/168/412/original/Alexander_Helen.mp4?1665446150","type":"Video","format":"video/mp4","duration":1564.063,"width":640,"height":360},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/80285/file/168412","metadata":[]}]}],"annotations":[{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/80285/file/168412/transcript/40215","type":"AnnotationPage","label":{"en":["Helen Alexander [Transcript]"]},"items":[{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/80285/file/168412/transcript/40215/annotation/1","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"BERMAN: . . . 6, 2009 and I'm with Helen Alexander. My name is Sandra Berman,\nand Helen has agreed to participate in the Esther and Herbert Taylor Oral\nHistory Project of the William Breman Jewish Heritage Museum. Thank you. I'm\nreally appreciative. I was thrilled when we were talking on the phone just\nrecently and you mentioned to me, along with everything else you've done in your\ncareer, that you were with the USO [United Service Organizations] during ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/80285/file/168412#t=0.0,30.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/80285/file/168412/transcript/40215/annotation/2","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"World\nWar II. I would love to get your perspective. We've interviewed a couple of\nfemale soldiers, but we have not had the opportunity to interview anybody with\nthe USO. But also, just growing up in Atlanta, being here during those years,\nwhat was the mood of the country like in the late 1930s, early 1940s?\n\nALEXANDER: I grew up in New York.\n\nBERMAN: Oh, okay. Then up in New York, what was the mood of the country?\n\nALEXANDER: Well, one thing, one ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/80285/file/168412#t=30.0,60.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/80285/file/168412/transcript/40215/annotation/3","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"example would be that we had blackouts. If there\nwas any light appearing in the windows, people would get angry. They'd send the\nwarden up. It was apprehensive.\n\nBERMAN: Did you feel like we were going to be going to war? Did you feel like .\n. .\n\nALEXANDER: Oh, yeah. A lot of my friends were already in it, men. One never came back.\n\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/80285/file/168412#t=60.0,90.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/80285/file/168412/transcript/40215/annotation/4","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"BERMAN: Did you ever feel like entering the military yourself?\n\nALEXANDER: No. But on these shows, I've been [in] two. And they would send us\nout in units. I wanted to go overseas, and my parents said, \"Please don't do\nthat. Your brother's already over there. He's a bombardier in Germany, and\nthat's just more than we can bear.\"\n\nBERMAN: How did you get involved with the USO and all of that?\n\nALEXANDER: Well, I'm an actress and this agent said, \"Helen, we want you to go\nand read for Max Gordon,\" who was a well-known producer in those days, ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/80285/file/168412#t=90.0,120.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/80285/file/168412/transcript/40215/annotation/5","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\"go to\nthe Max Gordon Theater. He's producing a show for USO Camp Shows and it's going\nto tour.\" This was in 1942. So, I read the play, and everyone was waiting out\nthe back of the theater dressed like the character they wanted to portray. It\nwas really quite a sight. I went in there dressed normally because this\ncharacter was sort of a debutante type person. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/80285/file/168412#t=120.0,150.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/80285/file/168412/transcript/40215/annotation/6","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Her name was Lois, and she was\nkind of a brat, but I tried to make her less bratty. They said, \"Read for us on\nthe stage.\" So, I did and came back and read again. And then the agent called\nme, \"Helen, you got the job.\" I was just so thrilled. I'd written a letter, I\nwrote to my parents, and this is a letter to my father. Story of the USO tour\nand ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/80285/file/168412#t=150.0,180.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/80285/file/168412/transcript/40215/annotation/7","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"also pictures of being on stage. Can you see this from there? It's a little dark.\n\nBERMAN: Let me grab the so you can hold up the photograph.\n\nALEXANDER: [memoirist holds up black and white photograph of a group of people\non stage] It's a little dark.\n\nBERMAN: Point yourself out.\n\nALEXANDER: Right here.\n\nBERMAN: So, you played a role?\n\nALEXANDER: Yes, it was a play.\n\nBERMAN: A play. How were you received by the soldiers?\n\nALEXANDER: Very well. One of the men ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/80285/file/168412#t=180.0,210.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/80285/file/168412/transcript/40215/annotation/8","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"at the bases told us that a lot of these\nsoldiers have never seen a play before, but they can tell the difference between\ngood theater and cheap theater, and they just loved it. And this story I tell;\nin the rain, we were on the stage in the rain, and they were sitting out there\nin the rain, and they were clapping, and a dog would jump up on the stage and\nsit on my lap. All kinds of things happened.\n\nBERMAN: Now, where were you performing, exactly?\n\nALEXANDER: Military bases.\n\nBERMAN: Where?\n\nALEXANDER: All over the ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/80285/file/168412#t=210.0,240.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/80285/file/168412/transcript/40215/annotation/9","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"United States. I can read the lists of hundreds and\nhundreds of camps. The second page is a list of them.\n\nBERMAN: Well, wow.\n\nALEXANDER: These are some of the bases we played [holds up a paper listing names\nof camps]. There's another page of this, too.\n\nBERMAN: Now, did you sing and dance as well?\n\nALEXANDER:No, I did not.\n\nBERMAN: Was it a whole . . . was it just the play or were there other things\ngoing on?\n\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/80285/file/168412#t=240.0,270.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/80285/file/168412/transcript/40215/annotation/10","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"ALEXANDER: Just the play.\n\nBERMAN: Just the play. So, what was . . . Can you describe some of the unique\nexperiences that happened while performing with USO?\n\nALEXANDER: I can. Well, number one, we only stayed between one and three days in\nthese different hotels. One camp was Camp, I think, Gruber and Muskogee,\nOklahoma. We went there and it was real gloomy. Evidently ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/80285/file/168412#t=270.0,300.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/80285/file/168412/transcript/40215/annotation/11","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"there's a place where\nthey kept prisoners. After the show, we noticed some of the prisoners were\nwaiting there, lurking, sort of. Later, they tried to climb in the bus. The bus\ndriver was really with it. He jammed on the gas and off we went. But that was scary.\n\nBERMAN: These were American prisoners or . . . ?\n\nALEXANDER: German.\n\nBERMAN: German prisoners of war. Oh, my gosh. That would have been ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/80285/file/168412#t=300.0,330.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/80285/file/168412/transcript/40215/annotation/12","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"scary. Was it\n. . . ?\n\nALEXANDER: I want to describe the atmosphere in New York City a little bit.\nThere was rationing, of course, of food. I told you about blackouts, because\nthere are German subs down both rivers, so people were apprehensive. My father\nwas a member of American Jewish Committee. I came home one day, this is a few\nyears before that, and he said, \"Helen, I ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/80285/file/168412#t=330.0,360.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/80285/file/168412/transcript/40215/annotation/13","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"want you to meet your Uncle David,\"\nthis man was the minister from Siam then, now Thailand. Black, you know. So I\nthought that's interesting, he's relative I didn't know about. But he was that\nfriendly and he said he was there to be interviewed by my dad. Anyway, we lived\nnear 86th Street and that was where the German, Fritz Kuhn, do you remember him?\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/80285/file/168412#t=360.0,390.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/80285/file/168412/transcript/40215/annotation/14","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"He was a real rabble-rouser, and he was talking and spewing all kinds of\nantisemitic stuff. My father got really concerned about that. So, he had this\nmeeting with American Jewish Committee men, I was telling you about them, and\ntrying to figure out what to do about this. They tried to get him on income tax,\nand they couldn't. So, they finally decided to break his jaw, which today sounds\npretty ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/80285/file/168412#t=390.0,420.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/80285/file/168412/transcript/40215/annotation/15","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"wild, but those are the tenor of the times.\n\nBERMAN: It's interesting that he was with American Jewish Committee. I'm going\nthrough a lot of old records now and it was those kinds of people more than sort\nof the common uninvolved that knew what was going on in Europe. Was it discussed\nin your home?\n\nALEXANDER: Oh, yeah. He brought some of our relatives back out from Germany and\nthey ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/80285/file/168412#t=420.0,450.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/80285/file/168412/transcript/40215/annotation/16","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"stayed with us for a while. I felt so sorry for them. They were fairly\nwealthy over there and they had to leave everything. He worked downtown on Wall\nStreet. Not a very big job. Yeah, we talked a lot about it.\n\nBERMAN: It must have affected you as a young girl very much. To have relatives\nactually arrive.\n\nALEXANDER: What really affected me, too, were our friends, the guys that were in\nthe service, one never came ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/80285/file/168412#t=450.0,480.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/80285/file/168412/transcript/40215/annotation/17","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"back. He was killed. The name was . . . I can't\nremember his name. Anyway, a group of women, myself included, started a\nnewsletter to send to all these guys when they're overseas. Yeah, it got pretty\ndreary after a while.\n\nBERMAN: Was it . . . Did you have a lot of soldier suitors? ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/80285/file/168412#t=480.0,510.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/80285/file/168412/transcript/40215/annotation/18","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"You must have been .\n. . You must, you were so attractive.\n\nALEXANDER: Thank you. Thank you.\n\nBERMAN: I'm sure you had to hold them off, by the . . .\n\nALEXANDER: \"Go away, go away!\" I don't know how to answer that question.\n[memoirist and interview laugh] Should have warned me. We did volunteer, I did,\nthrough a theater, theatrical organization to help the soldiers. I also worked\nat the, ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/80285/file/168412#t=510.0,540.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/80285/file/168412/transcript/40215/annotation/19","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"what's that thing downtown?\n\nBERMAN: Canteen?\n\nALEXANDER: Stage Door Canteen. I used to wear a wedding ring, although I wasn't\nmarried because sometimes it was easier that way. All kinds of stars would be\ndishing out food. It was really exciting. But before that, at these tea dances,\nI was at one at the Edison Hotel. I guess that's where it was. Suddenly there\nwas a drum roll, and this ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/80285/file/168412#t=540.0,570.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/80285/file/168412/transcript/40215/annotation/20","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"officer comes out with scrambled eggs on his hat, you\nknow? \"All men returned to bases immediately. Immediately.\" That must have been\nwhat Cecil was talking about. That was Pearl Harbor, and we never knew, they\nnever told us why then, but we found out later.\n\nBERMAN: How do you feel the mood of the country changed after Pearl Harbor?\n\nALEXANDER: I think they were just so angry and upset. Everything Roosevelt was\ndoing was wonderful, I thought.\n\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/80285/file/168412#t=570.0,600.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/80285/file/168412/transcript/40215/annotation/21","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"BERMAN: I guess I'd like to ask you, it's such a unique opportunity to ask\nsomebody who, a woman, how you felt about some of the things I ask so many of\nthese soldiers. Do you feel . . . Cecil [Alexander] alluded to Tom Brokaw, and\nhe did describe your generation as the greatest generation ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/80285/file/168412#t=600.0,630.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/80285/file/168412/transcript/40215/annotation/22","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"ever. Do you agree\nwith that, or do you not agree with that?\n\nALEXANDER: We don't feel that way. I don't feel that way.\n\nBERMAN: Do you think that that generation was more patriotic than today's generation?\n\nALEXANDER: The conditions were such that I think we were. I mean, look at\nVietnam. We were such a mix. This is not what you're asking but . . . The\ncountry wasn't behind that. We're not behind these other wars. These guys come\nback from overseas and the country is not with ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/80285/file/168412#t=630.0,660.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/80285/file/168412/transcript/40215/annotation/23","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"them. It's like they're coming to\na country club.\n\nBERMAN: Do you think young people today are willing to make the same sacrifices\nas . . . ?\n\nALEXANDER: Today? As far as volunteering?\n\nBERMAN: As far as their patriotism, their love of country, their want, that\nseemed to exude the entire country during ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/80285/file/168412#t=660.0,690.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/80285/file/168412/transcript/40215/annotation/24","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"World War II.\n\nALEXANDER: I don't think they, how could they? I think they're patriotic, they\nlove this country, but nothing is going on here that would make them aware.\n\nBERMAN: Can you just talk a little bit about your brother and his military service?\n\nALEXANDER: My brother was trained at Yale.\n\nBERMAN: And his name was?\n\nALEXANDER: ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/80285/file/168412#t=690.0,720.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/80285/file/168412/transcript/40215/annotation/25","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Alexander Eisemann, Jr. We were very close. He was a bombardier in\nthe Air Force, and he was in Germany. He loved the service. He stayed there a\nyear afterwards, [after] the war was over.\n\nBERMAN: Did he talk about his military service very much?\n\nALEXANDER: No, he did not.\n\nBERMAN: Why do you think he didn't talk about it?\n\nALEXANDER: I don't know.\n\nBERMAN: You don't know. Did he write letters home?\n\nALEXANDER: Some.\n\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/80285/file/168412#t=720.0,750.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/80285/file/168412/transcript/40215/annotation/26","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"BERMAN: Did he talk about his experiences or not?\n\nALEXANDER: No.\n\nBERMAN: Do you think that he tried to shield the family from what was going on?\n\nALEXANDER: I don't know. I know that he loved being over there, love the\ncamaraderie of the guys. I never knew what he did when he was bombing, other\nthan my imagination.\n\nBERMAN: After the war, and you had all of these relatives that had come before\nthe war actually broke out, and ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/80285/file/168412#t=750.0,780.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/80285/file/168412/transcript/40215/annotation/27","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"then the war ends, and you find out really what\nhappened to European Jewry. How did that affect you and how did that affect your family?\n\nALEXANDER: Horrified. Still.\n\nBERMAN: But more relatives come over?\n\nALEXANDER: No, just those three. I've lost track of the daughter. I wish I could\nfind her. Her name was Herta Welsch [sp]. She married, used to be Herta ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/80285/file/168412#t=780.0,810.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/80285/file/168412/transcript/40215/annotation/28","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Furth, F-U-R-T-H.\n\nBERMAN: Then after the war, how did you end up in Atlanta?\n\nALEXANDER: I was with another show after USO Camp Shows and did a lot of theater\nin New York. I'm skipping, prefacing how I got here. I was offered a part in the\nmovie opposite Victor Mature. My mother was from Atlanta, so she had to come\ndown, and her business with the Norris Candy Company and we had relatives ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/80285/file/168412#t=810.0,840.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/80285/file/168412/transcript/40215/annotation/29","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"here.\nShe had to come down here and she wanted me to come with her. So, I did. I met\nmy first husband, Arthur Harris.\n\nBERMAN: And the rest is history.\n\nALEXANDER: That's right.\n\nBERMAN: So, did you ever star in the movie with Victor Mature?\n\nALEXANDER: What?\n\nBERMAN: Did you ever . . . were you in the movie with Victor Mature?\n\nALEXANDER: No. I was in a movie down here.\n\nBERMAN: What was the movie down here?\n\nALEXANDER: Life.\n\nBERMAN: Do you regret not pursuing your Hollywood career?\n\nALEXANDER: No, I loved being here, but I was horrified at ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/80285/file/168412#t=840.0,870.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/80285/file/168412/transcript/40215/annotation/30","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"the anti-black\nfeeling, and the white, the bathrooms; 'white only' and that kind of thing.\n'Jews only,' at Sea Island.\n\nBERMAN: 'No Jews.'\n\nALEXANDER: What?\n\nBERMAN: You meant 'No Jews.'\n\nALEXANDER: Yes, I meant 'No Jews.' 'No blacks.' I couldn't believe it because\nthe theater that I was around was very liberal. You know this story I think,\nthis man used to work for Arthur and ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/80285/file/168412#t=870.0,900.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/80285/file/168412/transcript/40215/annotation/31","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"me, named James Williams. He was black. He\nhad a daughter who was aphasic, which means you have to totally be relearned to\nspeak and hear. I asked the Junior League if they would take her, and they said,\n\"No, she's black.\" I called Phoebe . . .\n\nBERMAN: Now, did the Junior League have a school? Is that what . . . ?\n\nALEXANDER: They would train people, that wasn't a school. So, I call my friend\nPhoebe Franklin Lundeen and I said, \"We've got to do ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/80285/file/168412#t=900.0,930.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/80285/file/168412/transcript/40215/annotation/32","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"something about this.\" So, we\ndid. We raised, I think, you know this story.\n\nBERMAN: Tell it, please.\n\nALEXANDER: We raised money, got a whole bunch of people together. I have the\nbrochure that you copied for me. We hired this wonderful woman, what's her name,\nto become a teacher, and she went to separate but equal laws here so that she\nwas paid, we were paid for her training, part of ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/80285/file/168412#t=930.0,960.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/80285/file/168412/transcript/40215/annotation/33","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"it. She went to University of\nWashington in Missouri, and she came back with a two year degree, teacher of the\ndeaf. We started the school. Spelman College and Atlanta University gave us a\nlittle house--we alternated with them--and ended up teaching 50 kids a year. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/80285/file/168412#t=960.0,990.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/80285/file/168412/transcript/40215/annotation/34","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"It\ngot so big that we finally had to abandon it. We didn't abandon it, we gave it\nto the city of Atlanta and it became the first public education course in the\ncity of Atlanta.\n\nBERMAN: How did it . . . It was all black at first, correct? How did it all of a\nsudden become integrated?\n\nALEXANDER: It didn't.\n\nBERMAN: Oh, it never did?\n\nALEXANDER: No, not our school.\n\nBERMAN: Oh, I thought it became the Atlanta . . .\n\nALEXANDER: . . . Speech School? That's the Junior League.\n\nBERMAN: Oh, is that the Junior League?\n\nALEXANDER: Yes. No, ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/80285/file/168412#t=990.0,1020.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/80285/file/168412/transcript/40215/annotation/35","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"this is in public school where kids now have the opportunity\nto have a teacher of the deaf.\n\nBERMAN: What was the name of the school?\n\nALEXANDER: Speech and Hearing Clinic.\n\nBERMAN: Clinic, right. Right. So, did you get involved in other areas of Civil\nRights as well?\n\nALEXANDER: What did I do? Well, when they were going to integrate the schools\nhere, Bruna Frye [sp], do you know Bruna? I said, \"Bruna,\"--she's an ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/80285/file/168412#t=1020.0,1050.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/80285/file/168412/transcript/40215/annotation/36","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"actress,\nalso--\"let's do something about helping these kids. They're going to have\ntrouble with early integration.\" So, what we did, we created skits pretending\nthat we were homeowners, talking to these kids. My daughter, a daughter would\nbring home a black kid, \"What are you doing,\" and that kind of thing. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/80285/file/168412#t=1050.0,1080.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/80285/file/168412/transcript/40215/annotation/37","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"The skits\nwould go on and the kids would . . . We played at the YMCA [Young Men's\nChristian Association], YWCA [Young Women's Christian Association] and also our\nfirst one was at a school in . . . it wasn't a school, it was . . . I forget the\nname, but it was in Decatur [Georgia]. We had a professional interviewer like\nyou. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/80285/file/168412#t=1080.0,1110.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/80285/file/168412/transcript/40215/annotation/38","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"When it got a tension built so high with these skits, and the kids were\nwatching, she would clap her hands and all of a sudden, the skit would stop and\nthe kids would assemble and she would ask them what they thought. It was really\nvery wonderful. They spilled their guts, ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/80285/file/168412#t=1110.0,1140.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/80285/file/168412/transcript/40215/annotation/39","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"how they felt.\n\nBERMAN: What do you think . . . there were so many silent people during the\nwhole Civil Rights era.\n\nALEXANDER: I know, they wouldn't talk to me.\n\nBERMAN: Why do you think you were different?\n\nALEXANDER: I grew up in a different atmosphere, different parents. I think\nmainly the reason they were the way they were [was] they were afraid. Not only\nafraid of the issue, but afraid of ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/80285/file/168412#t=1140.0,1170.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/80285/file/168412/transcript/40215/annotation/40","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"how their business would be changed.\n\nBERMAN: Was your husband accepting of your stance?\n\nALEXANDER: Yes.\n\nBERMAN: So, you were in agreement. How about other friends? Problems?\n\nALEXANDER: Some really avoided me.\n\nBERMAN: Did you ever talk about it years later?\n\nALEXANDER: With them? I don't remember. But once the ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/80285/file/168412#t=1170.0,1200.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/80285/file/168412/transcript/40215/annotation/41","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Civil Rights Bill passed,\nsuddenly everything changed.\n\nBERMAN: Right.\n\nALEXANDER: They were no longer afraid. Most of them. Some of them had basic\nprejudices, but they would never change.\n\nBERMAN: Exactly.\n\nALEXANDER: Let me go back to the theater during World War II.\n\nBERMAN: Yes, certainly.\n\nALEXANDER: After 'Junior Miss,' I came back and my agent said, \"Helen, go and\nread for Moss Hart.\" So, I did. He was producing a play called 'Winged Victory',\nwhich was the Army Air Force show. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/80285/file/168412#t=1200.0,1230.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/80285/file/168412/transcript/40215/annotation/42","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"In it, they drafted 300 servicemen and among\nthem were, should I read them?\n\nBERMAN: Sure.\n\nALEXANDER: Red Buttons, Edmond O'Brien, Gary Merrill, who later married Betty\nDavis. George Reeves, who was Superman. Karl Malden. Martin Ritt was the\ndirector. The marvelous Lee J. Cobb, one of the best actors I've ever seen.\nMario Lanza, John Forsythe. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/80285/file/168412#t=1230.0,1260.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/80285/file/168412/transcript/40215/annotation/43","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"People like that. It was really something. So, I\ntried out, I went to the audition, and everybody was leaving, all the actors. I\nsaid, \"Mr. Hart, I came to read for you.\" What did I know? I was 19 years old. I\nshould have just left. But he said, \"Helen, next time you be on time, they'll be\ncallbacks.\" So, I thought to myself, this man is never going to remember me with\nall these women here. So, I went home and every night I wrote him a little note.\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/80285/file/168412#t=1260.0,1290.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/80285/file/168412/transcript/40215/annotation/44","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"The agent called a month later, \"Helen, callbacks. Moss wants you read for him.\"\nAll these same women came back, and he said, \"Who the hell is Helen Eastman?\"\nThat was my stage name. \"I am.\" \"You want this part so badly, read for me.\" So,\nI did. That was the beginning of a two year job.\n\nBERMAN: And what was the job exactly?\n\nALEXANDER: I was one of the extras, actresses. I said extras but actually I\ndidn't get an ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/80285/file/168412#t=1290.0,1320.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/80285/file/168412/transcript/40215/annotation/45","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"actual part until one of the actresses got sick, I was understudy\nfor the . . . 'Winged Victory.' We opened in Boston. There's a funny story about\nthat. The men were marching down Park Avenue and Red Buttons, who was such a\nrascal said, \"Let's sing Over There.\" So, they started singing, \"Over there,\nover there.\" And all the people standing there were just holding, having him\nkiss babies and throwing ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/80285/file/168412#t=1320.0,1350.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/80285/file/168412/transcript/40215/annotation/46","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"flowers and so on and they didn't realize they're just\ngoing to an opening in Boston.\n\nBERMAN: That's great.\n\nALEXANDER: So, we opened in New York, a big orchestra by David Rose and top\nmusicians. There for six or eight months and then went on the road for another\neight months, travel on troop trains. It was really quite an experience.\n\nBERMAN: Is there any ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/80285/file/168412#t=1350.0,1380.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/80285/file/168412/transcript/40215/annotation/47","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"one or two memorable moments while you were traveling with\nthis group?\n\nALEXANDER: I don't know if this is what you want, but I know the Colonel was\nvery GI, head of the unit, and he hated, he didn't like the guys mixing with\nwomen. So, we had to carry our own luggage always.\n\nBERMAN: That's great. That's great. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/80285/file/168412#t=1380.0,1410.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/80285/file/168412/transcript/40215/annotation/48","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And so, with the war ended, did you continue\nto . . . ?\n\nALEXANDER: We closed in Washington. The Army did not want to take the risk\nof--this is what I think--traveling in the South, because there was one black,\none African-American, Leonard De Paur, who was Lieutenant Colonel, who later\nbecame Director of the Lincoln Center. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/80285/file/168412#t=1410.0,1440.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/80285/file/168412/transcript/40215/annotation/49","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"We'd go out to dinner with him, and\nthey'd say, \"No, you can't come in.\" We'd say, \"Okay, we'll go. We won't come\nback.\" This is on the road. So, I don't think the Army wanted to fool with\nhousing for Leonard. That's my theory. But anyway, we closed. The money from\nthis show went to the Army Air Force Society. So, it's too bad they closed ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/80285/file/168412#t=1440.0,1470.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/80285/file/168412/transcript/40215/annotation/50","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"then.\nBut we used to little, there were little units from the show and Red Buttons and\nme and a couple of others, we went to Walter Reed Hospital, and did a little\nskit, and other places.\n\nBERMAN: Have you kept, did you keep in contact with any of those actors or actresses?\n\nALEXANDER: My friend was, my roommate was Olive Deering, who played on Broadway\nopposite ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/80285/file/168412#t=1470.0,1500.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/80285/file/168412/transcript/40215/annotation/51","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Paul Muni. She and I would communicate occasionally.\n\nBERMAN: What a great experience.\n\nALEXANDER: It was, really.\n\nBERMAN: Well, I would like to thank you very much, unless I've missed anything\nabout those years at all. Did I?\n\nALEXANDER: I've got a book coming out. A memoir.\n\nBERMAN: Really?\n\nALEXANDER: When it's ready, I'll send it to you.\n\nBERMAN: And what's that you're holding?\n\nALEXANDER: This is 'Winged Victory,' the play.\n\nBERMAN: Oh, my goodness. That's great. That's great. You've had that all these\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/80285/file/168412#t=1500.0,1530.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/80285/file/168412/transcript/40215/annotation/52","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"years. That's wonderful. Would you like to hold that up? Just the cover page.\n[memoirist holds up a copy of the play 'Winged Victory'] That's wonderful. Who\ndid you play? What was the name of your role?\n\nALEXANDER: Sally.\n\nBERMAN: Sally. Well, thank you very much.\n\nALEXANDER: I've enjoyed it.\n\nBERMAN: I'm so appreciative of you telling me about your USO ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/80285/file/168412#t=1530.0,1560.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/80285/file/168412/transcript/40215/annotation/53","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"experiences and\nsharing them with us today. Thank you.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/80285/file/168412#t=1560.0,1590.0"}]},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/80285/file/168412/annotation_set/896","type":"AnnotationPage","label":{"en":["Annotations [Transcript]"]},"items":[{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/80285/file/168412/annotation_set/896/annotation/54","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eHelen Eisemann Harris Mantler Alexander (1922-2014) was a social activist and actress. She helped found the Speech and Hearing Clinic for Atlanta’s deaf African-American children and was active in the American Jewish Committee, serving as president in 1968 and 1969. She had two sons and a daughter from her first marriage to Arthur Harris, and a daughter with her second husband, Marshall Mantler. In 1985 she married Atlanta architect and civic leader Cecil Alexander.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/80285/file/168412#t=0.0,30.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/80285/file/168412/annotation_set/896/annotation/55","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eSandra Katz \"Sandy\" Berman is an American archivist. A native of Cleveland, Ohio, she was the founding archivist of the Cleveland Jewish Archives. She later moved to Atlanta, Georgia, and in 1985 became the founding archivist of the Ida Pearle and Joseph Cuba Archives for Southern Jewish History at the William Breman Jewish Heritage Museum. During her 28-year tenure at the Breman, she co-curated multiple exhibitions and expanded the scope of the museum to include collections from Jewish communities throughout Georgia and surrounding states. She is the interviewer for many of the oral histories that can be found in this collection.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/80285/file/168412#t=0.0,30.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/80285/file/168412/annotation_set/896/annotation/56","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe USO (United Service Organizations) is a private, non-profit, non-partisan organization whose mission is to support American troops and their families with programs and services. During World War II, the USO began a tradition of entertaining the troops that still continues. The USO is not part of the United States government, but is recognized by the Department of Defense, Congress and President of the United States.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/80285/file/168412#t=0.0,30.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/80285/file/168412/annotation_set/896/annotation/57","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eWorld War II (abbreviated WWII or WW2) was a global war involving fighting in most of the world and most countries. Most countries fought in the years 1939–1945 but some started fighting in 1937. Most of the world's countries, including all the great powers, fought as part of two military alliances: the Allies and the Axis Powers. World War II was the largest and deadliest conflict in all of history. It involved more countries, cost more money, involved more people, and killed more people than any other war in history. Between 50 to 85 million people died. The majority were civilians. It included massacres, the deliberate genocide of the Holocaust, strategic bombing, starvation, disease, and the only use of nuclear weapons against civilians in history.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/80285/file/168412#t=30.0,60.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/80285/file/168412/annotation_set/896/annotation/58","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eMax Gordon (1892-1978) was an American theater and film producer. His theater credits included My Sister Eileen, which he produced both on stage and on film. \u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/80285/file/168412#t=90.0,120.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/80285/file/168412/annotation_set/896/annotation/59","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eUSO Camp Shows Inc., a division of the USO, was formed six months after the creation of the USO. Hollywood actors and entertainers agreed to waive way to perform for the troops. By 1942, USO Camp Shows Inc. was the largest booking agency in the world and carried out over 270,000 performances from 1941 to 1945, featuring entertainers such as Bob Hope, Judy Garland, Bing Crosby, Frank Sinatra, John Wayne, and Lucille Ball. Acts ranged from singing, dancing, and comedy, to wrestling matches and providing portraits for soldiers.  \u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/80285/file/168412#t=120.0,150.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/80285/file/168412/annotation_set/896/annotation/60","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eCamp Gruber is an Oklahoma Army National Guard training facility. Built in 1942, the base is named after Brigadier General Edmund L. Gruber, a noted artillery officer and the original composer of the U.S. Filed Artilery March, the source for the Army’s official song. Camp Gruber is located near Braggs, Oklahoma, about 14 miles southeast of Muskogee, Oklahoma. \u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/80285/file/168412#t=270.0,300.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/80285/file/168412/annotation_set/896/annotation/61","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe American Jewish Committee (AJC) was founded in 1906 to safeguard the welfare and security of Jews worldwide. It is one of the oldest Jewish advocacy organizations in the United States.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/80285/file/168412#t=330.0,360.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/80285/file/168412/annotation_set/896/annotation/62","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eFritz Julius Kuhn (1896-1951) was a German Nazi activist who served as elected leader of the German American Bund before World War II. The German-American Bund was an American Nazi organization established in the 1930s. Its main goal was to promote a favorable view of Nazi Germany. It was strongest before World War II began in 1939 and dwindled during the war when “favorable” views of Nazi Germany were less popular. In its heyday, the Bund held large rallies and operated summer camps. Naturally, it was highly antisemitic. Kuhn became a naturalized citizen of the United States in 1934, but his citizenship was cancelled in 1943 owing to his status as a foreign agent of the Nazi government. He was later convicted of embezzlement and tax evasion and sent to prison. He was deported in 1945. \u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/80285/file/168412#t=360.0,390.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/80285/file/168412/annotation_set/896/annotation/63","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eStage Door Canteen was an entertainment venue for American and Allied servicemen that operated in the Broadway theatre district of New York City throughout World War II. Founded by the American Theatre Wing (ATW) in 1942, the entertainers were largely unpaid; volunteering their talents as a way of supporting the morale of American troops during the war. \u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/80285/file/168412#t=540.0,570.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/80285/file/168412/annotation_set/896/annotation/64","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eHotel Edison is a historic hotel building at 228 West 47th Street in Midtown Manhattan, New York City. It was constructed in 1931. Thomas Edison turned on the lights when it opened. The hotel’s ballroom was used as the Broadway theatres Arena Theatre in 1950 and as the Edison Theatre from 1972 until 1991, when it was converted back into a ballroom. \u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/80285/file/168412#t=540.0,570.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/80285/file/168412/annotation_set/896/annotation/65","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eIn the United States Armed Forces, “scrambled eggs” is the nickname for the golden oak leaf embellishments on the bills of dress hats worn by officer personnel in the grade of major/O-4 or higher in the Army and Marine Corpse and officer personnel in the grade of commander/O-5 or higher I the Navy and Coast Guard. \u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/80285/file/168412#t=570.0,600.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/80285/file/168412/annotation_set/896/annotation/66","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003ePearl Harbor is located on the island of Oahu, Hawaii, west of Honolulu. Much of the harbor and surrounding lands in a United States Navy deep-water naval base. It is also the headquarters of the United States Pacific Fleet. It was bombed by Japanese Navy Air forces on December 7, 1941, the action that directly prompted the United States' entry into World War II. \u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/80285/file/168412#t=570.0,600.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/80285/file/168412/annotation_set/896/annotation/67","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eFranklin Delano Roosevelt (1882-1945) was the 32nd President of the United States and a central figure in world events during the mid-twentieth century, leading the United States through a time of worldwide economic crisis and war. Popularly known as “FDR,” he collapsed and died in his home in Warm Springs, Georgia just a few months before the end of World War II. He was a Democrat. FDR was an avid horseback rider and enjoyed an active early life. He was diagnosed with infantile paralysis, better known as polio, in 1921, at the age of 39. Despite permanent paralysis from the waist down, he was careful never to be seen using his wheelchair in public, and great care was taken to prevent any portrayal in the press that would highlight his disability.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/80285/file/168412#t=570.0,600.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/80285/file/168412/annotation_set/896/annotation/68","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eCecil Abraham Alexander, Jr. (born Henry Alexander II, 1918-2013) was an American architect, principally a designer of commercial architecture, best known for his work in Atlanta, Georgia. He worked with the firm FABRAP, which, in 1985, became Rosser FABRAP International and later Rosser International. Together with other architects of the firm, he \"shaped the skyline of Atlanta.\"\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/80285/file/168412#t=600.0,630.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/80285/file/168412/annotation_set/896/annotation/69","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThomas John Brokaw (1940- ) is an American retired network television journalist and author. He first served as the co-anchor of The Today Show from 1976 to 1981 with Jane Pauley, then as the anchor and managing editor of the NBC Nightly News for 22 years (1982-2004). He is the author of \u003cem\u003eThe Greatest Generation\u003c/em\u003e (1998), a book that profiles those who grew up in the United States during the deprivation of the Great Depression and then went on to fight in World War II. The book popularized the term Greatest Generation (1901-1927) for the name of the cultural generation before the Silent Generation (1928-1945). \u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/80285/file/168412#t=600.0,630.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/80285/file/168412/annotation_set/896/annotation/70","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe Vietnam War occurred in Vietnam, Laos, and Cambodia from November 1, 1955 to the fall of Saigon on April 30, 1975. This war fought between North Vietnam—supported by the Soviet Union, China and other communist allies—and the government of South Vietnam—supported by the United States and other anti-communist allies.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/80285/file/168412#t=630.0,660.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/80285/file/168412/annotation_set/896/annotation/71","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eVictor John Mature (1913-1999) was an American stage, film, and television actor who starred most notably in several movies during the 1950s. His best known film roles include One Mission B.C. (1940), My Darling Clementine (1946), Kiss of Death (1947), Samson and Delilah (1949), and The Robe (1953). He also appeared in many musicals opposite such stars as Rita Hayworth and Betty Grable. \u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/80285/file/168412#t=810.0,840.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/80285/file/168412/annotation_set/896/annotation/72","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eNorris Candy Company in Atlanta, Georgia was founded by Arthur Leland \"Buddy\" Norris in 1905.The company was located in the Norris Building on Peachtree St. near Davison's Department Store. The Lowenstein family purchased the business. \u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/80285/file/168412#t=810.0,840.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/80285/file/168412/annotation_set/896/annotation/73","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eArthur L. Harris (1910-1996) was born in Georgia. Harris graduated from Yale University in 1931 and then attended Harvard Law School until 1934. After finishing law school, he moved back to Atlanta and worked for the Hirsch, Smith, and Kilpatrick law firm until 1936. He then worked as the executive vice president of his father’s business, the Atlanta Paper Company, and later server as president. During World War II, Harris was Assistant Chief of the War Production Board Bureau of Priorities. He was recognized for his impact during the war, receiving the legion of Merit Award in 1946. \u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/80285/file/168412#t=840.0,870.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/80285/file/168412/annotation_set/896/annotation/74","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eSea Island is a privately owned, unincorporated area of Glynn County, Georgia and is part of the golden Isles of Georgia, which include St. Simons Island, Jekyll Island, Little St. Simons Island, and the mainland of Brunswick. \u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/80285/file/168412#t=870.0,900.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/80285/file/168412/annotation_set/896/annotation/75","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eAphasia is an inability to comprehend or formulate language because of damage to specific brain regions. The major causes are stroke and head trauma. Aphasia can also be the result of brain tumors, brain infections, or neurodegenerative diseases (such as dementia). \u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/80285/file/168412#t=900.0,930.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/80285/file/168412/annotation_set/896/annotation/76","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eJunior Leagues are educational and charitable women’s organizations aimed at improving their communities through voluntarism and building their members’ civil leadership skills through training. It is an international organization with 293 different chapters.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/80285/file/168412#t=900.0,930.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/80285/file/168412/annotation_set/896/annotation/77","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003ePhoebe Weil Franklin Lundeen (1928-1985) was a founder of the first Atlanta speech clinic exclusively for black children and a former president of the Atlanta Arts Festival. She was one of six Atlanta women who became concerned about the need for a speech therapy program for black children. They provided a scholarship for a young woman, Irene Asbury, to attend college to teach in the therapy program. When glasses grew too large, the program was absorbed by the Atlanta school system. \u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/80285/file/168412#t=900.0,930.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/80285/file/168412/annotation_set/896/annotation/78","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003e“Separate But Equal” refers to the infamously racist decision by the U.S. Supreme Court in Plessy v. Ferguson (1896) that allowed the use of segregation laws by states and local governments. Following this decision, a monumental amount of segregation laws were enacted by state and local governments throughout the country, sparking decades of crude legal and social treatment for African Americans. The horrid aftermath of “separate but equal” from Ferguson was halted by the Supreme Court in Brown v. Board of Educations (1954) where the Court said that separate schools for African American students were “inherently unequal.” \u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/80285/file/168412#t=930.0,960.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/80285/file/168412/annotation_set/896/annotation/79","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eSpelman College is a private, historically black, women’s liberal arts college in Atlanta, Georgia. It is part of the Atlanta University Center academic consortium in Atlanta. Founded in 1881 as the Atlanta Baptist Female Seminary, Spelman received its collegiate charter in 1943, making it America’s oldest private HBCU liberal arts college for women.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/80285/file/168412#t=960.0,990.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/80285/file/168412/annotation_set/896/annotation/80","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eClark Atlanta University is a private, Methodist, historically black research university in Atlanta, Georgia. Clark Atlanta is the first Historically Black College or University (HBCU) in the Southern United States. Founded in September 1865 as Atlanta University, it consolidated with Clark College (established in 1869) to form Clark Atlanta University in 1988. \u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/80285/file/168412#t=960.0,990.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/80285/file/168412/annotation_set/896/annotation/81","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eA nationwide movement to desegregate public schools began after the Supreme Court’s 1954 Brown v. Board of Education decision. The widespread integration of public schools did not follow a coherent plan. Different cities and states went about it in various ways. In Georgia, Atlanta public schools began the process of integration on a limited scale in 1961. By 1973, mandatory busing of students from predominantly black neighborhoods to schools into white neighborhoods began. \u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/80285/file/168412#t=990.0,1020.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/80285/file/168412/annotation_set/896/annotation/82","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe Atlanta Speech School is a language and literacy school located in Atlanta, Georgia, established in 1938. The school provides educational and clinical programs.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/80285/file/168412#t=990.0,1020.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/80285/file/168412/annotation_set/896/annotation/83","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe Speech and Hearing Clinic was established in 1952 primarily through the efforts of Helen Eisemann Alexander and five other women who were concerned that there was no help available for hearing impaired African American children in Atlanta. \u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/80285/file/168412#t=1020.0,1050.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/80285/file/168412/annotation_set/896/annotation/84","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe American Civil Rights Movement encompasses social movements in the United States whose goal was to end racial segregation and discrimination against Black Americans and enforce constitutional voting rights to them. The movement was characterized by major campaigns of civil resistance. Between 1955 and 1968, acts of nonviolent protest and civil disobedience produced crisis situations between activists and government authorities. Noted legislative achievements during this phase of the Civil Rights Movement were passage of the Civil Rights Act of 1964, the Voting Rights Act of 1965, the Immigration and Nationality Services Act of 1965, and the Fair Housing Act of 1968.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/80285/file/168412#t=1020.0,1050.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/80285/file/168412/annotation_set/896/annotation/85","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe Butler Street YMCA (Young Men’s Christian Association) was founded in 1894 and was an icon of Atlanta’s Black community. The facility in Atlanta’s Sweet Auburn Historic District was housed in several locations until it opened a building on Butler Street in 1920 with dormitory rooms, classrooms, a gymnasium, a swimming pool, and an auditorium. Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr. grew up going to the Butler Street YMCA, as did other civil rights leaders in the city. Former Atlanta Mayor Andrew Young first lived there when he came to Atlanta and worked with King. The Butler Street YMCA was informally known as the “Black City Hall of Atlanta.” The Butler Street YMCA lost its charter with the National YMCA Program citing safety issues and closed in December 2012.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/80285/file/168412#t=1080.0,1110.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/80285/file/168412/annotation_set/896/annotation/86","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe Young Women’s Christian Association (YWCA) is a nonprofit organization with a focus on empowerment, leadership, and rights of women, young women, and girls in more than 100 countries. The YWCA of Greater Atlanta was founded at Spelman College in 1902. \u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/80285/file/168412#t=1080.0,1110.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/80285/file/168412/annotation_set/896/annotation/87","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe Civil Rights Act (PL 88-352) was enacted on July 2, 1964. It outlawed discrimination based on race, color, religion, sex, or national origin. It ended unequal application of voter registration requirements and racial segregation in schools, at the workplace, and by facilities that served the general public. \u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/80285/file/168412#t=1200.0,1230.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/80285/file/168412/annotation_set/896/annotation/88","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eJunior Miss is a collection of semi-autobiographical stories by Sally Benson first published in The New Yorker. Between 1929 and the end of 1941, the prolific Benson published 99 stories in The New Yorker, some under her pseudonym of Esther Evarts. The stories were adapted for theatre by writers Jerome Chodorov and Joseph Fiends, by producer Max Gordon, and by director Moss Hart. The play had a successful run of 710 performances on Broadway from November 1941 to July 1943. \u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/80285/file/168412#t=1200.0,1230.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/80285/file/168412/annotation_set/896/annotation/89","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eMoss Hart (1904-1961) was an American playwright, librettist, and theatre director. \u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/80285/file/168412#t=1200.0,1230.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/80285/file/168412/annotation_set/896/annotation/90","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eWinged Victory is a 1943 play by Moss Heart, created and produced by the U.S. Army Air Forces during World War II as a morale booster and as a fundraiser for the Army Emergency Relief Fund. 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During the 1930s, he was considered one of the most prestigious actors at the Warner Bros. studio and was given the rare privilege of choosing which parts he wanted. \u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/80285/file/168412#t=1500.0,1530.0"}]},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/80285/file/168412/index/51867","type":"AnnotationPage","label":{"en":["Helen Alexander [Index]"]},"items":[{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/80285/file/168412/index/51867/annotation/97","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"How She Became Involved in the USO Camp Shows During World War II ","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Title"]}}],"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/80285/file/168412#t=111.0,333.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/80285/file/168412/index/51867/annotation/98","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"How did you get involved with the USO and all of that? 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