{"@context":"http://iiif.io/api/presentation/3/context.json","id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/iiif/6q1sf2mw8k/manifest","type":"Manifest","label":{"en":["Blumberg, Janice Oettinger Rothschild (1989)"]},"logo":"https://d9jk7wjtjpu5g.cloudfront.net/organizations/logo_images/000/000/082/original/TheBreman_SecondaryMark_Horizontal_Blue_Black.png?1713640889","metadata":[{"label":{"en":["Date"]},"value":{"en":["1989-08-07 (creation)"]}},{"label":{"en":["Format"]},"value":{"en":["Audio"]}},{"label":{"en":["Description"]},"value":{"en":["\u003cp\u003eJanice Oettinger Rothschild Blumberg interviewed by Ann Hoffman Schoenberg on August 7, 1989, October 14, 1989, February 25, 1994, and April 2, 1994 in Atlanta, Georgia.\u003c/p\u003e (general)","\u003cp\u003eJanice Oettinger Rothschild Blumberg was born in Atlanta on February 13, 1924.  She was an only child. Her mother, Carolyn Goldberg Oettinger, was born in Columbus, Georgia.  Her father, Waldo Edouard Oettinger, was born in Boston, Massachusetts.  Janice attended public schools and attended Sunday school at the Temple.  She started college at the age of 15 and graduated from the University of Georgia during World War II when she was 18. \u003c/p\u003e\r\n\u003cp\u003e \u003c/p\u003e\r\n\u003cp\u003eDuring World War II, Janice worked for the Army Corps of Engineers in the Panama Canal Zone, where they were combating malaria, and in Washington, D.C. for the Signal Corps among other jobs.  During that time she also spent some time in Mexico attending the Experiment in International Living.  When she returned to Atlanta in 1946 she met and married Jacob Rothschild, the new rabbi at the Temple.  They had two children, Marcia and William.\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\u003cp\u003e \u003c/p\u003e\r\n\u003cp\u003eOn October 12, 1958 the Temple was bombed by white supremacists.  Janice testified in court against George Bright, the primary suspect in the bombing.  During the civil rights era, she worked on behalf of the National Conference of Christians and Jews and served as a panelist with Coretta Scott King and others speaking to groups about “Raising Children of Good Will.”\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\u003cp\u003e \u003c/p\u003e\r\n\u003cp\u003eAfter the leading the congregation through a time of transition, growth and controversy, Rabbi Rothschild died suddenly of a heart attack on New Year’s Eve in 1973.  In 1975, Janice married insurance executive David Blumberg who served as president of B’nai B’rith International.  They lived in Washington, D.C.  After her second husband passed away, Janice remained in Washington, D.C. until she returned to Atlanta in 2009.\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\u003cp\u003e \u003c/p\u003e\r\n\u003cp\u003eJanice is active in Jewish community and civic activities and has held leadership positions in numerous organizations including the B’nai B’rith Klutznick Museum, American Jewish Historical Society, and the Jewish Historical Society of Greater Washington.  She served as President of the Southern Jewish Historical Society.\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\u003cp\u003e \u003c/p\u003e\r\n\u003cp\u003eJanice is the author of several books including Prophet in a Time of Priests: Rabbi Alphabet Browne 1845-1929; One Voice: Rabbi Jacob M. Rothschild and the Troubled South and two histories of the Temple: As But a Day: The First Hundred Years (1867-1967) and As But a Day: To a Hundred and Twenty (1867-1987).   She has contributed to publications including the Atlanta Journal-Constitution, the Southern Israelite, Encyclopedia Judaica, Education for One World, and the Jewish Georgian.\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\u003cp\u003eJanice passed away on February 21, 2024.\u003c/p\u003e (bioghist)","\u003cp\u003eJanice begins the interview with a detailed account of the events of the day the Temple in Atlanta was bombed in 1958.  She provides historical context, discusses the investigation and subsequent trials and offers her insights into how the bombing affected the congregation, her family and the city—both Jewish and non-Jewish community.  She reflects on her life as the wife of a rabbi, for which she admits she was unprepared and required much learning.  She also discusses the history, nature, and relationships of the Atlanta Jewish community, and Atlanta’s history in general: its challenges, growth, Southern identity and other factors.\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\u003cp\u003e \u003c/p\u003e\r\n\u003cp\u003eJanice shares information about her parents, Waldo and Carolyn Goldberg Oettinger, and her maternal and paternal family and their origins and background, in Boston, Massachusetts and Columbus, Georgia, going back several generations, including her ancestor “Alphabet” Browne, who was the first rabbi of the Temple in Atlanta.  She reflects on growing up in Atlanta and the impact her mother’s ‘bohemian’ musical and artistic milieu and how her mother’s association with Hugh Hodgson and other musicians, writers, and prominent Atlanta people, impacted her early life.   She also remembers her mother’s civic, cultural, and Jewish activities as well as her memories of Dr. David Marx, the rabbi of the Temple.  Janice discusses her youth, her friends and social life, her musical education with Hugh Hodgson, early religious education, and her early attraction to becoming an actress and being involved in the theater world in Atlanta.\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\u003cp\u003e \u003c/p\u003e\r\n\u003cp\u003eJanice talks about starting college when she was 15.  She discusses graduating from the University of Georgia (Athens, Georgia) during World War II, working in the war effort at Fort Benning, in the Panama Canal Zone and in Washington, D.C. (among other jobs) and recalls her time with the Experiment in International Living in Mexico and later Vermont, including helping Dr. Donald Watt write two books.\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\u003cp\u003e \u003c/p\u003e\r\n\u003cp\u003eJanice recalls how she and Rabbi Jacob Rothschild met when she returned to Atlanta in 1946 and spoke of Rabbi Rothschild’s upbringing, his service as a Jewish chaplain in the Pacific during World War II, his education and previous rabbinates, especially at Rodef Shalom in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, that she believes contributed to his social activism in regards to both Judaism and civil rights.  She is candid about the challenges she faced as the wife of a prominent rabbi and the challenges they faced as a family, and the concerns the Temple faced as it moved through a time of great transition regarding Zionism, Jewish identity and observation, and the civil rights movement.  She discusses her own involvement in the civil rights movement and she also shares insights into several influential members of the Temple.\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\u003cp\u003e \u003c/p\u003e\r\n\u003cp\u003eJanice describes her marriage to David Blumberg after Rabbi Rothschild’s death in 1973 and her subsequent activities with her husband, who was president of B’nai B’rith International.  She remembers her life in Washington D.C. and her involvement with many Jewish community activities there.\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\u003cp\u003e \u003c/p\u003e\r\n\u003cp\u003eJanice talks about some of the opportunities she had to write earlier in her life.  She discusses becoming an author and several of her books.\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\u003cp\u003e \u003c/p\u003e\r\n\u003cp\u003eThe conversation with Janice is rich with stories about Atlanta, southern Jewish history, the Civil Rights Movement, and her family's wisdom and humor.\u003c/p\u003e (scope content)"]}},{"label":{"en":["Source Metadata URI"]},"value":{"en":["https://archivesspace.thebreman.org/repositories/2/archival_objects/28503"]}},{"label":{"en":["Rights Statement"]},"value":{"en":["\u003cp\u003eAll rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, recorded by any information storage and retrieval system, without the express written consent of the William Breman Jewish Heritage Museum.\u003c/p\u003e"]}},{"label":{"en":["Subject"]},"value":{"en":["acting (genre/form)","Atlanta, Georgia (geographic)","antisemitism (topical term)","Zionism (topical)","Blumberg, Janice Rothschild Oettinger (personal name)","Rothschild, Jacob (Rabbi) (personal name)","B'nai B'rith Klutznick National Jewish Museum (Washington, D.C.) (geographic term)","Boston, Massachusetts (geographic)","Browne, Edward Benjamin Morris \"Alphabet\" (Rabbi) (personal name)","Civil Rights Movement (named event)","Coca-Cola Company (corporate name)","Davison, Natasha (personal name)","Driving Miss Daisy (film/play/fictional character) (topical term)","Druid Hills (Atlanta, Georgia) (geographic term)","Epstein, Harry (Rabbi) (personal name)","Experiment in International Living (corporate name)","Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI) (corporate name)","Fort Benning—Columbus, Georgia (geographic term)","Frank, Leo—Trial and lynching (named event)","Garland, Reuben (personal name)","Great Depression, 1929 (named event)","Haas family (personal name)","Hebrew Benevolent Congregation—Atlanta, Georgia (meeting name)","Hodgson, Hugh (personal name)","immigration (topical term)","Jacobs, Joseph (Dr.) (personal name)","Jewish-Christian relations (topical)","journalism (genre/form)","Judaism, Reform (topical term)","Judaism, Orthodox (topical term)","King, Coretta Scott (personal name)","King, Martin Luther, Jr. (personal name)","Lowenstein family (personal name)","National Council of Jewish Women (corporate name)","private schools (topical term)","rebbetzin (topical term)","Shabbat (named event)","Standard Club—Atlanta, Georgia (corporate name)","Temple Bombing, 1958—Atlanta, Georgia (named event)","Uhry, Alfred Fox (personal name)","writing and authors (genre/form)"]}}],"summary":{"en":["\u003cp\u003eJanice Oettinger Rothschild Blumberg interviewed by Ann Hoffman Schoenberg on August 7, 1989, October 14, 1989, February 25, 1994, and April 2, 1994 in Atlanta, Georgia.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eJanice Oettinger Rothschild Blumberg was born in Atlanta on February 13, 1924. \u0026nbsp;She was an only child. Her mother, Carolyn Goldberg Oettinger, was born in Columbus, Georgia.\u0026nbsp; Her father, Waldo Edouard Oettinger, was born in Boston, Massachusetts.\u0026nbsp; Janice attended public schools and attended Sunday school at the Temple.\u0026nbsp; She started college at the age of 15 and graduated from the University of Georgia during World War II when she was 18.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\u003cp\u003eDuring World War II, Janice worked for the Army Corps of Engineers in the Panama Canal Zone, where they were combating malaria, and in Washington, D.C. for the Signal Corps among other jobs.\u0026nbsp; During that time she also spent some time in Mexico attending the Experiment in International Living.\u0026nbsp; When she returned to Atlanta in 1946 she met and married Jacob Rothschild, the new rabbi at the Temple.\u0026nbsp; They had two children, Marcia and William.\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\u003cp\u003eOn October 12, 1958 the Temple was bombed by white supremacists.\u0026nbsp; Janice testified in court against George Bright, the primary suspect in the bombing.\u0026nbsp; During the civil rights era, she worked on behalf of the National Conference of Christians and Jews and served as a panelist with Coretta Scott King and others speaking to groups about \u0026ldquo;Raising Children of Good Will.\u0026rdquo;\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\u003cp\u003eAfter the leading the congregation through a time of transition, growth and controversy, Rabbi Rothschild died suddenly of a heart attack on New Year\u0026rsquo;s Eve in 1973.\u0026nbsp; In 1975, Janice married insurance executive David Blumberg who served as president of B\u0026rsquo;nai B\u0026rsquo;rith International.\u0026nbsp; They lived in Washington, D.C.\u0026nbsp; After her second husband passed away, Janice remained in Washington, D.C. until she returned to Atlanta in 2009.\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\u003cp\u003eJanice is active in Jewish community and civic activities and has held leadership positions in numerous organizations including the B\u0026rsquo;nai B\u0026rsquo;rith Klutznick Museum, American Jewish Historical Society, and the Jewish Historical Society of Greater Washington.\u0026nbsp; She served as President of the Southern Jewish Historical Society.\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\u003cp\u003eJanice is the author of several books including Prophet in a Time of Priests: Rabbi Alphabet Browne 1845-1929; One Voice: Rabbi Jacob M. Rothschild and the Troubled South and two histories of the Temple: As But a Day: The First Hundred Years (1867-1967) and As But a Day: To a Hundred and Twenty (1867-1987).\u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp;She has contributed to publications including the Atlanta Journal-Constitution, the Southern Israelite, Encyclopedia Judaica, Education for One World, and the Jewish Georgian.\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\u003cp\u003eJanice passed away on February 21, 2024.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eJanice begins the interview with a detailed account of the events of the day the Temple in Atlanta was bombed in 1958.\u0026nbsp; She provides historical context, discusses the investigation and subsequent trials and offers her insights into how the bombing affected the congregation, her family and the city\u0026mdash;both Jewish and non-Jewish community.\u0026nbsp; She reflects on her life as the wife of a rabbi, for which she admits she was unprepared and required much learning.\u0026nbsp; She also discusses the history, nature, and relationships of the Atlanta Jewish community, and Atlanta\u0026rsquo;s history in general: its challenges, growth, Southern identity and other factors.\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\u003cp\u003eJanice shares information about her parents, Waldo and Carolyn Goldberg Oettinger, and her maternal and paternal family and their origins and background, in Boston, Massachusetts and Columbus, Georgia, going back several generations, including her ancestor \u0026ldquo;Alphabet\u0026rdquo; Browne, who was the first rabbi of the Temple in Atlanta.\u0026nbsp; She reflects on growing up in Atlanta and the impact her mother\u0026rsquo;s \u0026lsquo;bohemian\u0026rsquo; musical and artistic milieu and how her mother\u0026rsquo;s association with Hugh Hodgson and other musicians, writers, and prominent Atlanta people, impacted her early life.\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp; She also remembers her mother\u0026rsquo;s civic, cultural, and Jewish activities as well as her memories of Dr. David Marx, the rabbi of the Temple.\u0026nbsp; Janice discusses her youth, her friends and social life, her musical education with Hugh Hodgson, early religious education, and her early attraction to becoming an actress and being involved in the theater world in Atlanta.\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\u003cp\u003eJanice talks about starting college when she was 15.\u0026nbsp; She discusses graduating from the University of Georgia (Athens, Georgia) during World War II, working in the war effort at Fort Benning, in the Panama Canal Zone and in Washington, D.C. (among other jobs) and recalls her time with the Experiment in International Living in Mexico and later Vermont, including helping Dr. Donald Watt write two books.\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\u003cp\u003eJanice recalls how she and Rabbi Jacob Rothschild met when she returned to Atlanta in 1946 and spoke of Rabbi Rothschild\u0026rsquo;s upbringing, his service as a Jewish chaplain in the Pacific during World War II, his education and previous rabbinates, especially at Rodef Shalom in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, that she believes contributed to his social activism in regards to both Judaism and civil rights. \u0026nbsp;She is candid about the challenges she faced as the wife of a prominent rabbi and the challenges they faced as a family, and the concerns the Temple faced as it moved through a time of great transition regarding Zionism, Jewish identity and observation, and the civil rights movement.\u0026nbsp; She discusses her own involvement in the civil rights movement and she also shares insights into several influential members of the Temple.\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\u003cp\u003eJanice describes her marriage to David Blumberg after Rabbi Rothschild\u0026rsquo;s death in 1973 and her subsequent activities with her husband, who was president of B\u0026rsquo;nai B\u0026rsquo;rith International.\u0026nbsp; She remembers her life in Washington D.C. and her involvement with many Jewish community activities there.\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\u003cp\u003eJanice talks about some of the opportunities she had to write earlier in her life. \u0026nbsp;She discusses becoming an author and several of her books.\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\u003cp\u003eThe conversation with Janice is rich with stories about Atlanta, southern Jewish history, the Civil Rights Movement, and her family's wisdom and humor.\u003c/p\u003e"]},"requiredStatement":{"label":{"en":["Attribution"]},"value":{"en":["\u003cp\u003eAll rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, recorded by any information storage and retrieval system, without the express written consent of the William Breman Jewish Heritage Museum.\u003c/p\u003e"]}},"provider":[{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/aboutus","type":"Agent","label":{"en":["William Breman Jewish Heritage Museum"]},"homepage":[{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/","type":"Text","label":{"en":["William Breman Jewish Heritage Museum"]},"format":"text/html"}],"logo":[{"id":"https://d9jk7wjtjpu5g.cloudfront.net/organizations/logo_images/000/000/082/original/TheBreman_SecondaryMark_Horizontal_Blue_Black.png?1713640889","type":"Image"}]}],"thumbnail":[{"id":"https://d9jk7wjtjpu5g.cloudfront.net/collection_resource_files/thumbnails/000/119/015/small/Janice_Rothschild.png?1625650599","type":"Image","format":"image/png"}],"items":[{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015","type":"Canvas","label":{"en":["Media File 1 of 1 - Blumberg_Janice.mp3"]},"duration":22079.1902,"width":640,"height":360,"thumbnail":[{"id":"https://d9jk7wjtjpu5g.cloudfront.net/collection_resource_files/thumbnails/000/119/015/small/Janice_Rothschild.png?1625650599","type":"Image","format":"image/png"}],"items":[{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015/content/1","type":"AnnotationPage","items":[{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015/content/1/annotation/1","type":"Annotation","motivation":"painting","body":{"id":"https://aviary-p-thebreman.s3.wasabisys.com/collection_resource_files/resource_files/000/119/015/original/Blumberg_Janice.mp3?1625324694","type":"Audio","format":"audio/mp3","duration":22079.1902,"width":640,"height":360},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015","metadata":[]}]}],"annotations":[{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015/transcript/30620","type":"AnnotationPage","label":{"en":["Janice Blumberg [Transcript]"]},"items":[{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015/transcript/30620/annotation/1","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"SCHOENBERG: This is an interview with Janice Oettinger Rothschild Blumberg being\ndone in Atlanta, Georgia in her son's home on August 7, 1989. The interviewer is\nAnn Schoenberg. We are going to concentrate our efforts today on the era and the\nepisode of the bombing of ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015#t=0.0,30.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015/transcript/30620/annotation/2","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"the big Temple in Atlanta, Georgia, which took place\non October 12, [1958]. However, we probably will get further afield than that.\nLet me begin by asking you to just describe what happened that morning.\n\nBLUMBERG: We were awakened by a telephone call about 7:15 [a.m.] ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015#t=30.0,60.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015/transcript/30620/annotation/3","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I'm slow waking\nup, and the rabbi, knowing that the telephone was on my side of the bed, he\njumped up, ran around and answered it. The next thing I heard him say was, \"My\nG-d!\" I sat straight up in bed, wondering what had happened. Then I heard him\nsay, \"I'll be right there.\" Then he told me that the Temple . . . ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015#t=60.0,90.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015/transcript/30620/annotation/4","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"when you hear\nsomething like that, you think of the sanctuary that you know and love being in\nshambles. Thank G-d that was not the case. We were both in shock. He had come in\nfrom a trip where he had spoken somewhere . . . I think St. Paul [Minnesota]\nthat weekend . . . and had just come in on Saturday. This took place on Sunday\nmorning, as you know. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015#t=90.0,120.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015/transcript/30620/annotation/5","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"His sport shirt and sport jacket he had been wearing were\nstill hanging on the hook. They were very easy to get to, and I saw him putting\nthem on. I don't know why or how this came to my mind because it was not the\nsort of thing that I would ever have said, nor that he would ever have liked\nhaving said to him. I said, \"Put on a coat and tie. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015#t=120.0,150.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015/transcript/30620/annotation/6","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Wear a coat and tie.\" He\nhowled at me, and said, \"Why on earth? This is not a beauty contest or fashion\nshow.\" He was furious. Also, from out of nowhere, certainly not intended, I\nheard myself saying, \"Because there might be photographers.\" So he did.\n\nSCHOENBERG: There were just a couple.\n\nBLUMBERG: Yes. The funny thing was that . . . sometime after that people sent us\nclippings ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015#t=150.0,180.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015/transcript/30620/annotation/7","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"from all over the world. There was a newspaper published in Long\nIsland [New York]. I forget the name of it, but obviously for a traditionally\nJewish . . .\n\nSCHOENBERG: . . . readership . . .\n\nBLUMBERG: . . . readership. You may recall this picture that's gone all over of\nRabbi Rothschild and Mayor [William] Hartsfield on their knees going through the\nrubble. Mayor ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015#t=180.0,210.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015/transcript/30620/annotation/8","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Hartsfield came to the Temple all dressed up, because he had heard\nthe news in his car on his way to church. He diverted to go the Temple instead,\nso he was all dressed up. The caption in this Long Island paper said, \"Mayor\nHartsfield and the Hatless Rabbi.\" I was just really glad that he had worn a\ncoat and tie . . . that he wasn't totally disgraced as part of the Jewish population.\n\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015#t=210.0,240.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015/transcript/30620/annotation/9","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"SCHOENBERG: That's wonderful.\n\nBLUMBERG: At any rate, he told me not to come down, because he felt that I would\nbe of more service at home, particularly calling people to warn them not to\nbring their children to Sunday school. This was already going on 8 o'clock in\nthe morning, and some of them would have been leaving within about a half hour\nfor a 9 o'clock opening. So I did that. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015#t=240.0,270.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015/transcript/30620/annotation/10","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"When our own children got up and heard\nall the commotion, got up and began to get frightened because they heard me on\nthe telephone giving this news to people. I realized the children needed to be\nbusy to allay their fears about things. You can't just tell them not to be\nfrightened. I sent them out in different directions in the neighborhood to tell\npeople. One good friend, ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015#t=270.0,300.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015/transcript/30620/annotation/11","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"who lived maybe the equivalent of two city blocks away,\nJan Gertner . . . said she opened her door and looked down and there was 'Paul\nRevere' on his bicycle, meaning my son, spreading the news. That's the way the\nGertner family heard about it.\n\nSCHOENBERG: How old was William?\n\nBLUMBERG: He was not ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015#t=300.0,330.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015/transcript/30620/annotation/12","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"quite 10 years old. In other words . . . he was a month away.\n\nSCHOENBERG: And your daughter [Marcia]?\n\nBLUMBERG: The way I can remember it so well was this was the day before her\neleventh birthday. They're 13 months apart so he was nine almost ten. He spread\nthe word.\n\nSCHOENBERG: They were at a very impressionable age, in other words.\n\nBLUMBERG: Yes. He was not very badly affected by it because after he came home\nfrom his 'Paul Revere' mission, ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015#t=330.0,360.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015/transcript/30620/annotation/13","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I sent him off to play with a friend who did not\nlive near us. When this terror happened at our home late in the afternoon, I\ncalled the friend's mother and said, \"This is what's happened. Keep him away\nfrom the television news and keep him overnight. I'll meet you at school\ntomorrow and tell him and the teacher myself why I'm nervous.\" He enjoyed having\nthe police in the driveway ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015#t=360.0,390.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015/transcript/30620/annotation/14","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"guarding us for several days . . . a little boy, got\na big kick out of all this. My daughter, unfortunately, really got the brunt of\nit. She was very upset.\n\nSCHOENBERG: Has she talked about it in recent years? Has she ever referred to it\nas . . .\n\nBLUMBERG: I don't think it was a major trauma for her, but she was very upset at\nthe time. She talks about it freely. As a matter of fact, she ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015#t=390.0,420.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015/transcript/30620/annotation/15","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"commented on my\nwriting about that particular incident in the book because she just broke us up\nwhen she made the remark about President [Dwight David] Eisenhower.\n\nSCHOENBERG: Why don't you repeat that because not everyone has read your article\n. . . we assume a lot.\n\nBLUMBERG: I'm one of the people who really does forget about that machine. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015#t=420.0,450.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015/transcript/30620/annotation/16","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"What\nhappened was that a little after 6 o'clock that evening . . . the telephone had\nbeen ringing. Literally, as soon as we hung it up it would ring again, all day\nlong. My very close friend, Julie Weiss, whose husband was then vice-president\nof the Temple and president of the Community Council, as well as our best\nfriend, was off at the meetings.\n\nSCHOENBERG: What was his first name?\n\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015#t=450.0,480.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015/transcript/30620/annotation/17","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"BLUMBERG: Everybody knew him as 'Bud.' His name was Morton L. Weiss. Both our\nhusbands were together, first at the Temple and then at the Community Council\nmeeting, which is where they were at the time this happened . . . 6 o'clock that\nevening. Julie had come over with her . . . she not only had one son but one was\non the way . . . her son Mike, who was about ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015#t=480.0,510.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015/transcript/30620/annotation/18","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"six years old then. Marcia was 11.\nShe just brought him over to spend the day with me to help with the telephone\nand whatever. We were sitting . . . she had just gotten some dinner together for\nus. The telephone was as close to them at the table as I am to you now when it\nrang. Instead of being sympathetic, which these ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015#t=510.0,540.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015/transcript/30620/annotation/19","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"calls literally nonstop all day\nhad been, this man said, \"I'm one of them that bombed your Temple and I'm\ncalling to tell you that you've got five minutes. There's a bomb under your\nhouse and it's lit and you've got five minutes to get out.\" I was in such shock\nthat when Julie said, \"What was it?\" I didn't have any better sense than to just\nrepeat it. I was really in shock. The next thing I knew, I was standing at the\ndoor holding my purse ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015#t=540.0,570.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015/transcript/30620/annotation/20","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"which happened to be there, and wondering, \"Should I save\nmy heirloom violin? What should I save in this house if it really does blow up?\nI don't think it's going to blow up, but what should I do?\" They were already\nway up in the woods above our house . . . Julie with her baby in tow, the dog,\nand the two children . . . everybody ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015#t=570.0,600.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015/transcript/30620/annotation/21","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"scaled this retaining wall above our\ndriveway. They were way up in the woods yelling at me and the dogs, too. \"Get\nout, get out! What are you doing?\" It was a bad moment. We went to our neighbor.\nOur neighbor's house was way behind ours, on a level with the very back part of\nour lot. We went there to phone to tell our husbands ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015#t=600.0,630.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015/transcript/30620/annotation/22","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and the police to come.\nThis was made more exciting . . . sort of a positive word and I don't mean it to\nbe positive . . . it was made more difficult for the children . . . and more\ncommotion . . . because our neighbor was roaring drunk. He and his wife had been\nover earlier, before he got quite that drunk . . . not Jewish people . . . to\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015#t=630.0,660.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015/transcript/30620/annotation/23","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"offer their sympathy. At that point . . . he was of German ancestry and was\nfixed on the idea of what a horrible thing his people had done to our people. He\nfuriously said, and I won't repeat the exact words, \"I'm not going to let those\n'so-and-so's' scare you out of your house.\" He and his ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015#t=660.0,690.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015/transcript/30620/annotation/24","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"six-year-old son raced\ndown to our house, which made us more upset because we thought, \"We don't think\nit's going to blow up. We think it's a hoax. But G-d forbid if it really did, we\ndon't want anybody to get hurt.\" Thank goodness, it wasn't. In the meantime, my\ndaughter Marcia, with all the excitement all day and on the eve of her birthday,\nwas getting more and more hysterical. I phoned my mother to come over ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015#t=690.0,720.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015/transcript/30620/annotation/25","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and try to\ntake her and Mike Epstein, Julie's son, home to her house, to get them away from\nit all and keep them overnight. Marcia was crying and wouldn't let us out of her\nsight. Finally, after the FBI [Federal Bureau of Investigation] and the police .\n. . ascertained that everything was okay, we intended to try to go out and get a\nbite of dinner because the men had ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015#t=720.0,750.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015/transcript/30620/annotation/26","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"literally not eaten anything all day, get a\nlittle bit of rest and come back and sleep. We didn't want our children to sleep\nin the house just in case anything bad was going to happen. I tried to persuade\nMarcia to go home with her grandmother. She adored going home with her\ngrandmother, but . . .\n\nSCHOENBERG: . . . on any normal day . . .\n\nBLUMBERG: . . . yes, but she wouldn't have anything to do with it. Finally, I\ngot down eyeball-to-eyeball with her and said, \"Nothing is going ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015#t=750.0,780.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015/transcript/30620/annotation/27","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"to happen.\nWe're perfectly safe. It's just that you know how the telephone's been ringing\nall day? It's going to be that way all night. You're not going to be able to get\nany sleep. You won't be able to go to school tomorrow. You won't feel good.\"\nThat didn't faze her. She kept on crying hysterically. I said, \"Do you know that\npeople all over the world have been calling to offer their sympathy and their\nconcern about this?\" I said, \"Even President Eisenhower . . . ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015#t=780.0,810.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015/transcript/30620/annotation/28","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"interrupted his\nspeech today to say how concerned he was and that he's going to send the FBI and\nso forth.\" When I said, \". . . interrupted his speech,\" she stopped crying. A\ngood daughter of Democrats that she was, she stopped crying. She looked up,\nsmiled and said, \"If he'd interrupted his golf game, it really would have been\nsomething.\" ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015#t=810.0,840.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015/transcript/30620/annotation/29","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"That broke us all up. Since then, as an adult, she has told me that\nshe knew exactly what she was saying. It was very well calculated.\n\nSCHOENBERG: You needed a little levity I'm sure, at that point in time.\n\nBLUMBERG: Yes, but from an 11-year-old . . .\n\nSCHOENBERG: . . . most unusual.\n\nBLUMBERG: We didn't understand these things in those days. We didn't understand\nhow kids really do know what's going on.\n\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015#t=840.0,870.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015/transcript/30620/annotation/30","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"SCHOENBERG: You have mentioned several names. I intend to ask you at the end of\nthe interview to give me a list, or to look at the list that I've compiled, and\ngive me some suggestions of people who you feel would be appropriate to talk\nwith for their own viewpoints about this particular incident, and their own\nfeelings on that day. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015#t=870.0,900.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015/transcript/30620/annotation/31","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"We will certainly do that, but when I ask you about\ncertain individuals, that's the reason I want to get specific names included.\nHad there been any threats, either verbal or written, prior to the bombing itself?\n\nBLUMBERG: Actually, yes, but we didn't take them too seriously. I ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015#t=900.0,930.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015/transcript/30620/annotation/32","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"forget whether\n. . . no, I'm pretty sure the one time that we found out that Rabbi Rothschild\nwas on a hit list, or we were told that he was, I think by the ADL\n[Anti-Defamation League], was much later. I started to tell you about that. I\nrealized that the other two people who were on it, we were told, were Martin\nLuther King Jr. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015#t=930.0,960.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015/transcript/30620/annotation/33","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and Ralph McGill. Martin Luther King, Jr. was not yet in Atlanta\nyet at the time. That threat was much later. The only other thing was . . . and\nwe didn't take this seriously at all . . . six months earlier, Rabbi Rothschild\nhad given a talk at the Peachtree Christian Church. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015#t=960.0,990.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015/transcript/30620/annotation/34","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"He had gone into the parking\nlot and was met by elders of the church who whisked him inside very quickly\nthrough the door. The reason being they told him . . . they told him they just\ndidn't want him to have to see it but there was a picket out front . . .\nsomebody picketing him. During the question and answer period afterwards,\napparently this man got in. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015#t=990.0,1020.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015/transcript/30620/annotation/35","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"He started asking heckling questions. He was quickly\ntaken out.\n\nSCHOENBERG: Peachtree Christian is directly across the street [from the Temple].\n\nBLUMBERG: Then I'm giving you the wrong church. I am giving you the wrong\nchurch. This was the . . . maybe it's First Baptist. I'm not sure of the name\nnow. I've got it written down correctly in the book. It's the church that's on .\n. . ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015#t=1020.0,1050.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015/transcript/30620/annotation/36","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"is it Fifth and Peachtree . . . it's either Fifth or Sixth. It's a big church.\n\nSCHOENBERG: That's First Baptist, probably.\n\nBLUMBERG: Yes. I think Reverend [Roy] McClain was the minister. The rabbi came\nhome and told me the story and we both laughed about it. It seemed like a great\nbig joke to be important enough for somebody to picket you. We just didn't take\nit seriously at all, until the Temple bombing trial where the ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015#t=1050.0,1080.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015/transcript/30620/annotation/37","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"prosecution knew\nvery well what it was all about. They brought out the fact that the man who had\ndone the picketing was the man who was on trial for being one of those who\nallegedly bombed the Temple. That was George Bright.\n\nSCHOENBERG: What happened with those people who were brought to trial?\n\nBLUMBERG: They were indicted. They were not ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015#t=1080.0,1110.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015/transcript/30620/annotation/38","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"all brought to trial. The State only\nhad . . . the State's strongest case was against George Bright. They brought him\nto trial first feeling that if they could get a conviction there that they might\nhave a chance on the others. The GBI, the Georgia Bureau of Investigation, and\nthen later the FBI . . . as you know, the FBI was not brought into such cases\nuntil ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015#t=1110.0,1140.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015/transcript/30620/annotation/39","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"the [Temple] bombing, which was really the national significance, or the\nsignificance for the civil rights struggle, as opposed to the significance to\nthe Temple in Atlanta of what happened in the bombing. The authorities, shall we\nsay, had been watching these people for a long time. They had enough information\non them to have convinced themselves and therefore us, because we were\nbelievers, that these people were the ones who bombed the Temple. But ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015#t=1140.0,1170.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015/transcript/30620/annotation/40","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"they did\nnot have evidence that would place them at the scene of the crime. Therefore any\nconviction would have to be on circumstantial evidence. In the first trial . . .\nI don't understand the legalities of it that well, but at that time it was such\nthey could have imposed the death sentence. Three of the 12 jurors felt that\nthey could not give . . .\n\nSCHOENBERG: . . . pass the death sentence . . .\n\nBLUMBERG: . . . pass the death sentence ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015#t=1170.0,1200.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015/transcript/30620/annotation/41","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"or what might have been a death sentence\non a person with circumstantial evidence. In the second trial they plain blew it.\n\nSCHOENBERG: The defense? The prosecution?\n\nBLUMBERG: The prosecution did, yes. They not only blew it, but they had a really\nformidable defense attorney against them.\n\nSCHOENBERG: Who were the attorneys?\n\nBLUMBERG: Rueben Garland was the defense attorney. He put on a better show ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015#t=1200.0,1230.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015/transcript/30620/annotation/42","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"than\nany theater in town. That was something.\n\nSCHOENBERG: Who was the prosecuting attorney?\n\nBLUMBERG: Tom Luck, mainly.\n\nSCHOENBERG: L-U-C-K?\n\nBLUMBERG: Yes. It seems to me I've seen something in the paper recently about\nhim. Luck . . . L-U-C-K . . . was the main one. I don't remember who else might\nhave assisted him. Or maybe he was the assistant, but he did most of it. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015#t=1230.0,1260.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015/transcript/30620/annotation/43","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I was\nnot permitted into the courtroom. In the first trial, we felt . . . and the\nrabbi tried to tell this to the congregation . . . that this was not the Hebrew\nBenevolent Congregation v. George Bright et al. This was the State of Georgia.\nIt was their business, not ours. We could go, certainly.\n\nSCHOENBERG: As observers?\n\nBLUMBERG: Yes, but ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015#t=1260.0,1290.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015/transcript/30620/annotation/44","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"not to go out in such force that it looked like we had a\nvendetta against these people. Leave it to the State. Very shortly, before the\ntrial was really under way at all, he got a call from the prosecution saying,\n\"Please ask as many of your people . . .\" Maybe it was not from the prosecution.\nIt could have been through Charles . . .\n\nSCHOENBERG: . . . Wittenstein . . .\n\nBLUMBERG: . . . it could have been through ADL, or one of the Jewish defense\norganizations, ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015#t=1290.0,1320.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015/transcript/30620/annotation/45","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"or maybe the American Jewish Committee. Whoever did called him to\nsay, \"They've got a problem. This crowd of haters has filled the courtroom. The\natmosphere is so bad that the prosecution needs our people to come in to change\nit.\" You had asked what happened to the people. I've got a good story about\nthat. Do you want me to talk about that?\n\nSCHOENBERG: Sure. Were they ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015#t=1320.0,1350.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015/transcript/30620/annotation/46","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"guilty? Did you have the feeling they were guilty?\n\nBLUMBERG: I had the absolute conviction that they were guilty. I still do. Let\nme tell you the story. About ten days after the bombing itself, the FBI asked me\nto come down to their headquarters and listen to tapes that had been made of the\ntranscripts of reported telephone conversations with the various ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015#t=1350.0,1380.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015/transcript/30620/annotation/47","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"receptionists\nat the newspaper, I believe, Rich's, the city hospital, and my own . . . I\nforget who else. Everybody who had reported that kind of phone call about . . .\n\nSCHOENBERG: . . . they had wiretaps on . . . ?\n\nBLUMBERG: No. I don't think they had wiretaps. Everybody who had reported such a\nphone call to the authorities. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015#t=1380.0,1410.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015/transcript/30620/annotation/48","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"This was recorded . . . it was written down as a\nscript and given to each of the indicted men, to read. First, he gave his name\nand then was asked to read this and then he would read the various ones . . . it\nwas a script. I said, \"I know nothing about law, but it seems to be fairly\nobvious to me that this is not admissible testimony . . . ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015#t=1410.0,1440.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015/transcript/30620/annotation/49","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"what I might think ten\ndays later.\" They said, \"Oh, no. You won't be asked to testify to this in court.\nThis is simply because we are convinced that these men did it. We think that if\nyou identify the right person, or somebody else identifies the person that you\nactually spoke to, this might help us to get a confession . . . might break them\ndown . . . which would help the case.\" I thought ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015#t=1440.0,1470.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015/transcript/30620/annotation/50","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I recognized the man's voice. I\ndidn't know in my own heart at that point whether I was playing amateur\ndetective, or amateur psychiatrist, because he did stumble when he got to my\npart of his script. He said something like, \"Gee, somebody might think I really\ndid this.\" I really thought that it was the man's voice. So I forgot about it. I\ndid get subpoenaed. It was not about that in the first trial. It was a very\nroutine ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015#t=1470.0,1500.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015/transcript/30620/annotation/51","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"questioning, along with the rabbi and his secretary and the janitor,\ntrying to build up the case of planned intimidation against the Jewish\ncommunity. Very easy. In the retrial, Rueben Garland was, believe me, a horse of\na different color. He got me on the stand. Not knowing any of the inside about\nthis, he gave me such a grilling, over ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015#t=1500.0,1530.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015/transcript/30620/annotation/52","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and over again. I made the front page of\nthe [Atlanta] Journal, leaving the courtroom in tears. It was just horrible. It\nwent on and on. He found out that I was playing in a show that was running in\nTheatre Atlanta at the time. He tried to make a big deal over me being an\nactress. Being an actress was sort of a 'no-no' for a \"preacher's wife\" in those\ndays. I was trying to be very low key about it ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015#t=1530.0,1560.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015/transcript/30620/annotation/53","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"all. He said, \"You are an\nactress, aren't you?\" I said, \"I participate in community theater.\" There was\nreally very little theater in Atlanta in those days. \"I studied at the\nUniversity of Georgia [Athens, Georgia],\" I said, \"I feel that I want to give\nwhatever I can to the community insofar as know-how.\" I really tried to make it\nsound right. I had no idea why he was giving me such a rough time. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015#t=1560.0,1590.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015/transcript/30620/annotation/54","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Five years\nlater, Rabbi Rothschild and I got on a plane in Washington. We had the seats at\nthe bulkhead. At that particular configuration, there were seats facing us. Just\nas they were closing the doors, two men got on who were also going to Atlanta.\nThey sat down in the seats facing us and got conversational. They introduced\nthemselves as the brothers ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015#t=1590.0,1620.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015/transcript/30620/annotation/55","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Burdine. One brother Burdine was a very prominent\ndoctor. The other was a lawyer whom we had also heard of. He was an associate of\n[James] Venable, the defense attorney in the first trial.\n\nSCHOENBERG: Mr. Venable, who was a well-known Ku Klux Klan . . .\n\nBLUMBERG: . . . absolutely. It was very obvious to anybody listening to that\ntrial that his ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015#t=1620.0,1650.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015/transcript/30620/annotation/56","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"own inherent antisemitism practically came within three votes of\nhanging his client. He almost lost the case because of his own venom. No pun\nintended. At any rate, it became obvious fairly quickly that the Burdines had\nsomething they wanted to get off their chests to the Rothschilds. Eventually the\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015#t=1650.0,1680.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015/transcript/30620/annotation/57","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"lawyer Burdine said, \"I wanted you to know that I was so horrified at the way\nMr. Venable handled the case that this led to my quitting the firm shortly after\nthat. Something else that you ought to know, Mrs. Rothschild, is that you\nidentified the right man. They did get a confession because you ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015#t=1680.0,1710.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015/transcript/30620/annotation/58","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"identified the\nright man. He later repudiated it. That was why Rueben Garland was giving you\nsuch a rough time on the second trial. He wanted to break [you] down. I was not\npermitted to sit in the courtroom, so I didn't hear the rest of the testimony.\nHe kept both the rabbi and me, and I don't know who else, I guess all the FBI\npeople too, on hold. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015#t=1710.0,1740.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015/transcript/30620/annotation/59","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I forget the legal term, but that means that you're going\nto be called back, and you're not excused. You can't listen to testimony, and\nyou also keep getting called back. He did this just to annoy. He would do it,\nfor example, one Saturday when we had a matinee. You see, the play was very\nsuccessful and it was held over. While I had a minor role in it, it was known\nthat I was active in it. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015#t=1740.0,1770.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015/transcript/30620/annotation/60","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"There was a matinee. He called me down there and\nliterally kept me on hold in the waiting room without calling me into the\ncourtroom until about 2:30 p.m., after he knew that the matinee curtain would be up.\n\nSCHOENBERG: Then he released you?\n\nBLUMBERG: Yes. Meanwhile, I was standing around talking to the FBI people. They\nsaid, \"If any real crime happened in the whole state of Georgia while this trial\nis going ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015#t=1770.0,1800.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015/transcript/30620/annotation/61","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"on, we would be in bad shape. He has got every official, every FBI and\nGBI person in the state, on hold in this room for the whole time of the trial.\"\nIt was horrendous. But at any rate . . .\n\nSCHOENBERG: . . . he got his acquittal . . .\n\nBLUMBERG: . . . he got the acquittal. That was the crazy thing. Would you\nbelieve this? He got the acquittal through the testimony ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015#t=1800.0,1830.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015/transcript/30620/annotation/62","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"of a known nymphomaniac\nwho was released for that period of time from the state hospital in\nMilledgeville [Georgia], where she was being treated. They don't call it\n'remission' with that sort of illness, but she was in a very lucid composed\nstate. They brought her up with attendants. She ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015#t=1830.0,1860.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015/transcript/30620/annotation/63","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"looked like the most beautiful,\nwell-put-together school marm you could ever imagine with her hair pulled back\nin a beautiful bun in the back, and beautifully dressed in a tailored suit. She\nwas totally composed. She was the only alibi this man had as to where he was\nthat night. He spent the night with her, according to her testimony. This was\nwhat got the man off.\n\nSCHOENBERG: They never tried ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015#t=1860.0,1890.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015/transcript/30620/annotation/64","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"the others?\n\nBLUMBERG: No. They couldn't if they didn't get him. This is just a conjecture of\nmine, but I guess, because he was definitely the man who had picketed the rabbi,\nand perhaps other things I don't know which would have been in the testimony.\nThey had that kind of evidence on him, which they apparently didn't have on the\nothers who were underlings, as I gather. They were all very, very shady characters.\n\nSCHOENBERG: Did these people ever ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015#t=1890.0,1920.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015/transcript/30620/annotation/65","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"get nailed for anything else that you know of?\n\nBLUMBERG: I don't think so.\n\nSCHOENBERG: They may still be wandering the face of the earth free as birds.\n\nBLUMBERG: That's entirely possible. I was not too concerned. I don't think the\nrabbi was, either. In fact, he preached a sermon that following weekend trying\nto calm the congregation and reminding them that we were not out for vengeance,\nwe were out for justice. While we were disappointed that ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015#t=1920.0,1950.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015/transcript/30620/annotation/66","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"the acquittal took such\na short time . . . the verdict came in like 45 minutes . . . we were terribly\ndisappointed that it could be arrived at on that kind of testimony, we must take\nheart in the fact that the judicial system was followed and was adhered to. If\nwe believe in the American system of ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015#t=1950.0,1980.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015/transcript/30620/annotation/67","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"justice, we cannot take fault with this.\nEven if it didn't work the way we think it should have, this was correct\nprocedure. We were not discriminated against.\n\nSCHOENBERG: Just didn't have as good an attorney on our side . . . as the other\nguys had on theirs.\n\nBLUMBERG: That's right, but this is the way the system works. There was no\naberration of it. It was just . . .\n\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015#t=1980.0,2010.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015/transcript/30620/annotation/68","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"SCHOENBERG: . . . unfortunate . . .\n\nBLUMBERG: . . . it was unfortunate. But we were not afraid, because we did have\nfaith that these people were going to be closely watched. After all, the State\ndidn't want anything else like this happening. They were going to watch them and\nsee to it that they didn't get into any more trouble.\n\nSCHOENBERG: Let's back up. We've done the actual bombing. It is documented, the\ndamage that was done. The bomb was placed by the side door on the north side of\nthe building. Is that correct? ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015#t=2010.0,2040.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015/transcript/30620/annotation/69","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"The rabbi's study was near there and the social\nhall was damaged and the gift shop and things of that nature, but the sanctuary\nitself did not sustain significant damage.\n\nBLUMBERG: Very little. His study didn't either. The reason for this was the door\nin those days opened out into a little foyer and then the hall that went from\nthe ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015#t=2040.0,2070.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015/transcript/30620/annotation/70","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"sanctuary to the stairs that led to the schoolrooms. Directly in front of\nthat door, across the hallway, was the large entrance to the social hall. The\ngift shop was just a little corner of the social hall. The blast went directly\nin. That's why that was just completely totaled. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015#t=2070.0,2100.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015/transcript/30620/annotation/71","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"On either side there were\nrestrooms in those days and also above it. They were totaled also. To the right\ngoing toward the rabbi's study and then the sanctuary, to the right of the door,\nthe blast was beyond the men's room. There was the little anteroom that the\nsecretary used as ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015#t=2100.0,2130.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015/transcript/30620/annotation/72","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"her office. In that wall between the men's room and the\nsecretary's office and the rabbi's study was a great big walk-in safe. My\nunderstanding is that big hunk of heavy metal was what saved the rest of it. The\nrabbi's study just had a few windows splintered and so did the door to the\nsanctuary on that ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015#t=2130.0,2160.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015/transcript/30620/annotation/73","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"side. The windows on that side, some of the stained glass was\nout. But it didn't sustain . . .\n\nSCHOENBERG: . . . there was no structural damage?\n\nBLUMBERG: No. There was no structural damage. What little cosmetic damage there\nwas was quickly repaired.\n\nSCHOENBERG: The insurance did cover it?\n\nBLUMBERG: The insurance covered it. That's an interesting point. Right from the\nfirst interview on radio and television, they said, \"We ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015#t=2160.0,2190.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015/transcript/30620/annotation/74","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"are covered by\ninsurance. Do not worry. If you want to give money, give it to the city for a\nreward\" . . . because the Mayor had already announced that . . . \"Thank you, we\nappreciate it. But, please do not send money.\" In spite of it all, people from\nall over sent so much money to commemorate it, that they named the new social\nhall 'Friendship Hall.' Some of the ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015#t=2190.0,2220.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015/transcript/30620/annotation/75","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"money came in little wads, rolled up dirty\n$1 bills, with handwriting that looked childish on it. It was absolutely\nunbelievable the way people poured out their hearts in whatever way they knew\nhow to do.\n\nSCHOENBERG: Do you think it was sort of guilt money, in many cases? That people\nfelt somewhat guilty for not having ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015#t=2220.0,2250.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015/transcript/30620/annotation/76","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"supported the right causes and this terrible\nthing had resulted because in some perverted way in their own minds, they had\nbeen antisemitic or anti-black, and this was their way of expiating their own guilt?\n\nBLUMBERG: I'm not a psychologist or psychiatrist, but my guess is that there was\nan awful lot of that ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015#t=2250.0,2280.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015/transcript/30620/annotation/77","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":". . . but subconsciously. I think there always is, don't\nyou think so? Whenever we give to something, it has that element of . . .\n\nSCHOENBERG: . . . it's not totally altruistic . . .\n\nBLUMBERG: I'm glad it didn't happen to us, but we don't do it knowing that. We\ndon't consciously feel this when we give. I think people were outraged. First of\nall, the Atlanta community was just so ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015#t=2280.0,2310.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015/transcript/30620/annotation/78","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"wonderful. Having been born here, I\nbelieve very strongly that the Atlanta community felt that way it did because,\n\"They can't do that to a house of worship in our city. Atlanta's a good place.\nThey can't do that in our city. We'll show them.\" There's a tremendous amount of\ncivic pride. It's a tremendous ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015#t=2310.0,2340.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015/transcript/30620/annotation/79","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"church-going city. At least it was then. I don't\nknow what's happened since then.\n\nSCHOENBERG: Still is.\n\nBLUMBERG: That was their attitude. The churches right away some of them offered\ntheir facilities. There wasn't enough that both individuals and institutions\ncould do for us.\n\nSCHOENBERG: This is a big area I need to explore. Had the relationships ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015#t=2340.0,2370.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015/transcript/30620/annotation/80","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"between\nthe Jewish congregation of the Temple and the Christian congregations, who\nbecame so supportive, been strong prior to the bombing?\n\nBLUMBERG: Absolutely. That's another thing that I think is important in the\nhistory of Atlanta, and probably of other cities, too . . . generalizing . . .\nbut there's a specific reason in Atlanta. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015#t=2370.0,2400.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015/transcript/30620/annotation/81","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"The original congregations, the Union\nof American Hebrew Congregations, doesn't have anything it in that says it's\nReform. The original Jewish congregation in every city that was of the\nmid-nineteenth century and its founding, had strong ties to the gentile\ncommunity, despite whatever ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015#t=2400.0,2430.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015/transcript/30620/annotation/82","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"antisemitism there might have been . . . exclusion\nfrom social clubs, the whole bit. They still had these strong ties. They sort of\ngrew up together.\n\nSCHOENBERG: To what do you attribute these strong ties?\n\nBLUMBERG: That goes back in history to the fact that, certainly in Atlanta, the\ncitizens . . . both the gentile and Jewish citizens of the city in the\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015#t=2430.0,2460.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015/transcript/30620/annotation/83","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"mid-nineteenth century were basically from the same place. The immigrants from\nGermany were not all Jewish. If you look at the original members of what is now\nthe Standard Club, which was then the Concordia [Club], or the original members\nof the Young Men's Library Association, which is now the Carnegie Library, or\nthe original members of many other civic organizations . . . I think even the\nfirefighters in those days . . . you see a ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015#t=2460.0,2490.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015/transcript/30620/annotation/84","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"predominance of German names. When\nyou trace how many of them are Jewish, even the Standard Club . . . the only\nthing . . . the B'nai B'rith Gate City Lodge and the Temple were the only\norganizations where you could be sure they were all Jewish. The others were\ncommon cultural, I guess, longing for home or wanting to ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015#t=2490.0,2520.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015/transcript/30620/annotation/85","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"re-establish what was\ngood about the old home in their new home. They had a lot in common. That was\none of the things. As far as the Jewish people were concerned, don't forget that\nin Western Europe they had 100 years of so-called Enlightenment, or almost 100\nyears in some cases. Yet Jews were still not really admitted to the mainstream.\nThey were excluded, for example, from [free]masonry. They came over to ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015#t=2520.0,2550.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015/transcript/30620/annotation/86","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"America\nand they found that the masons were delighted to have them. They ran to do\nthings that were secular and tried very hard. I don't think Reform Judaism gets\nenough credit for how hard those early Reform Jews did try. I'm talking about\npre-Classical Judaism . . . how hard those Jews who later became Reform worked\nto stay Jewish. They really did, but they were staying Jewish in the sense of\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015#t=2550.0,2580.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015/transcript/30620/annotation/87","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"being . . . this was their church and that was somebody else's church. But as\nfar as the rest of their lives were concerned, outside of their home and outside\nof their synagogue, they ran toward this opportunity to be just like everybody\nelse. Therefore, they had . . . we're talking about Atlanta now specifically\nalthough I think it happened most other places . . . you had this, especially in\nthe South, good ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015#t=2580.0,2610.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015/transcript/30620/annotation/88","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"foundation of mutual respect. Even after the Nineties when they\nstarted excluding them from . . . what do you call it? . . . the 'Six O'clock\nShadow,' they didn't invite them to their homes socially, but they still had a\nvery good foundation. Atlanta and some of the other cities in the South had\nanother big factor, more than any others. From ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015#t=2610.0,2640.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015/transcript/30620/annotation/89","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"1895, Atlanta had a very strong,\nvery well-respected rabbi of what was then the Jewish community. The other parts\nof the Jewish community were just in their infant stages then. Those rabbis,\nRabbi David Marx in our case, established . . . really firmed up ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015#t=2640.0,2670.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015/transcript/30620/annotation/90","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"this alliance .\n. . this respect for the official Jewish community . . . particularly what they\ntermed as a 'religious Jewish community.' The Orthodox and Conservatives had\nother priorities. They came from a part of Europe where they were concerned with\nsurvival. There's no point in my going into the divisions these days, but they\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015#t=2670.0,2700.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015/transcript/30620/annotation/91","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"are just now I think, not even in all cases, but just now in our generation,\nparticularly in the Conservative, starting to have real leadership in the\ngeneral community. Not because they weren't capable before, but because they\njust weren't interested in it before. But the Reform community always was.\nTherefore, when something happened to us it couldn't have happened to a better .\n. . you say it 'couldn't have happened to a nicer guy' ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015#t=2700.0,2730.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015/transcript/30620/annotation/92","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":". . . it couldn't have\nhappened to a better congregation from the standpoint of doing some good, rather\nthan harm. By doing it to a known congregation where the old-timers in the\nChristian religious community, or even the non-religious . . . the old timers in\ncity leadership had such great respect for the Temple. Rabbi Rothschild followed\n. . . as much as he and ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015#t=2730.0,2760.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015/transcript/30620/annotation/93","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Dr. Marx diverged in their own opinions of many things .\n. . mostly that had to do with specific Jewish issues like Zionism . . . they\nwere very much alike in the sense of their attitude toward cultural leadership.\nDr. Marx, for example, in 1906 or 1907 when they had race riots here, the city\nput him in charge of ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015#t=2760.0,2790.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015/transcript/30620/annotation/94","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":". . . one of very few people . . . the leadership of trying\nto work things out, to get a peaceful solution.\n\nSCHOENBERG: Like the forerunner of the Human Relations Council?\n\nBLUMBERG: Absolutely. Go back before that. You go back to the Civil War. Who was\nin charge of the stores of cotton which was the ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015#t=2790.0,2820.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015/transcript/30620/annotation/95","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"mainstay of the Confederacy?\nThey were stored around Atlanta, tremendous amounts of them. Who was in charge\nof that? David Mayer, one of the founders of the Temple. Who started the first\nrapid transit in Atlanta? It was electric trains going up and down, I think,\nEdgewood Avenue.\n\nSCHOENBERG: Janice Rothschild Blumberg is speaking and she was ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015#t=2820.0,2850.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015/transcript/30620/annotation/96","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"in the middle of\na sentence about who founded the electric trolley car that ran down Edgewood\ntoward Inman Park.\n\nBLUMBERG: I may be a little bit off in my Atlanta history. It may have been\nanother street and not Edgewood because I haven't studied . . .\n\nSCHOENBERG: Aaron Haas was instrumental very early on in the transportation . . .\n\nBLUMBERG: He was my great-grandmother's first ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015#t=2850.0,2880.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015/transcript/30620/annotation/97","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"cousin and very close friends. He\nwas also the uncle of the original 'Miss Daisy.' That identifies him for today.\nI may be off on which street and which thing it opened up. He experimented in\nthe 1880's or possibly early 1890's, anyway the nineteenth century, with\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015#t=2880.0,2910.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015/transcript/30620/annotation/98","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"electric trains in Atlanta, which was one of the precursors of what got people .\n. . made it possible to open up the suburbs. He was also the first mayor pro tem\nof the city. What I am trying to say is that there were Jews involved in the\nbasic growth of Atlanta from the start. Therefore, when something bad happened\nto that community of Jews in ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015#t=2910.0,2940.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015/transcript/30620/annotation/99","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"1958, the Christian community perked up and paid\nattention. They may not have done it had this been any other congregation. This\nis not to say we were any better than anybody else, but we were earlier. There\nwas a continuum of civic, as well as Jewish, ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015#t=2940.0,2970.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015/transcript/30620/annotation/100","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"leadership from these same people.\nThe Alexanders, for example. Remember them? Certainly, the rabbis of the Temple.\nThis was something that people cared about. It made a big difference. But you\nasked some other question about attitude, when you asked about guilt. It\noccurred to me that most people think of the bombing as having ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015#t=2970.0,3000.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015/transcript/30620/annotation/101","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"occurred in the\nmidst of the civil rights struggle. As we saw it here . . . it really was not in\nthe midst of it. It was right at the beginning of it, even before anything else\nhad happened here. Rabbi Rothschild had spoken out a number of times (which\nbelieve it or not was radical then) in saying not that we should have integrated\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015#t=3000.0,3030.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015/transcript/30620/annotation/102","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"schools, he had better sense than that. He wouldn't have been able to say\nanything else once he said that in those days. What he said was, \"In 1954 the\nSupreme Court of the United States has put down this statute . . . \"\n\nSCHOENBERG: . . . the Supreme Court ruling, Brown v. the Board of Education.\n\nBLUMBERG: . . . \"This is the law of the land now. We believe in law. We believe\nin adhering to the ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015#t=3030.0,3060.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015/transcript/30620/annotation/103","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"law of the land.\" That was radical, believe it or not. That\nwas radical. People say he spoke out too much. Obviously, he did for some\npeople, and obviously this had something to do . . . he never denied it . . .\nwith attracting these people [the bombers] to the Temple. Ultimately, I think it\nwas a very good thing that they were attracted to the Temple. First of all, it\ncoincided with President [Dwight Eisenhower] ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015#t=3060.0,3090.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015/transcript/30620/annotation/104","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"speaking in New York to a larger\nJewish audience and having real impact when he had to say something positive.\nThat was what finally enabled the federal government to go into cases like this.\nI think it was beneficial to the whole country. It was certainly beneficial in\nAtlanta, because it enabled the people, most of whom were ministers, ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015#t=3090.0,3120.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015/transcript/30620/annotation/105","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"the\nMinisters' Manifesto, but also other leaders . . . we called them 'Muted\nModerates' . . . who believed in the law of the land but were afraid to say so\npublicly. It enabled them. It encouraged them so they were able to speak out . . .\n\nSCHOENBERG: . . . to come out of the closet?\n\nBLUMBERG: . . . yes, come out of the closet. I think it did a lot of good for everybody.\n\nSCHOENBERG: It didn't really ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015#t=3120.0,3150.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015/transcript/30620/annotation/106","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"injure anyone physically. That was the real fortune.\n\nBLUMBERG: It was a difficult time for us, but ultimately good came out of it.\n\nSCHOENBERG: You've alluded to a couple of things that I think need to be\nexplored a little bit more thoroughly. Rabbi Rothschild came to Atlanta in what year?\n\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015#t=3150.0,3180.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015/transcript/30620/annotation/107","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"BLUMBERG: In 1946.\n\nSCHOENBERG: His own background was not a southern background.\n\nBLUMBERG: No, very definitely not.\n\nSCHOENBERG: How did his background, his training, his educational background,\ninteract with and influence his interaction with this ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015#t=3180.0,3210.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015/transcript/30620/annotation/108","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"very old, very southern\ncommunity of the Temple? What did he come with as an agenda?\n\nBLUMBERG: I'm sure this is going to be hard for people who remember those times\npersonally to believe, but he came not with anything that had to do with civil\nrights, although he was shocked, being a Northerner. He was shocked to ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015#t=3210.0,3240.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015/transcript/30620/annotation/109","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"come down\nhere and find some of the details of the condition that he had not realized\nbefore. His agenda for the Temple was to bring it back into the mainstream of\nReform Jewish life. It was really not. I grew up in that congregation, so at the\ntime I was a living example of the worst that had happened. He used to joke\nabout this. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015#t=3240.0,3270.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015/transcript/30620/annotation/110","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"He had a quip that said, \"Marx's great achievement,\" which was a\ngoal in those days, not just of Marx but of Reform leaders, \". . . was to make\nAmericans out of the Jews.\" Rabbi Rothschild's job \"was to make Jews out of the\nAmericans.\" ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015#t=3270.0,3300.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015/transcript/30620/annotation/111","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"On the first High Holy Day that he preached here, one of his sermons\nhad something about civil rights in it . . . about opening up. I forget exactly\nwhat it was now. It's documented. Nobody even noticed it. What they were furious\nabout was that he would permit this magazine for the religious school, published\nby the Union [for Reform Judaism], that one time ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015#t=3300.0,3330.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015/transcript/30620/annotation/112","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"had 'Palestine' as the main\nword across the center of it. When he even mentioned the word, let alone spoke\nin favor of a homeland, that was anathema. He had . . . that, and of course,\nthere were other aspects of being Jewish. He says, \"I don't care whether you're\nin favor of it or not. I'm not trying to make ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015#t=3330.0,3360.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015/transcript/30620/annotation/113","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Zionists out of your children.\" He\nhimself was not a Zionist, but he said, \"It's my duty to teach Judaism and that\nincludes knowing what Jewish people think and care about and want. You've got to\nknow that whether you like it not, it's very much a part of Jewish life.\nTherefore, if I am going to teach Judaism to your children . . . that's part of\nJudaism.\" He was the same way about integration. It was the same principle that\nwent through everything, come to think of it. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015#t=3360.0,3390.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015/transcript/30620/annotation/114","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\"You don't have to like it. You\ndon't have to agree with me, but an educated person has got to know that this\nexists and this is the way it is. Now you go form your own opinion.\"\n\nSCHOENBERG: Was his own streak of social justice strong? The social justice\naspects that are very strong in mainstream Reform ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015#t=3390.0,3420.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015/transcript/30620/annotation/115","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Judaism today? That seems to\nbe one of the real building blocks in a Reform congregation, the interest in\nsocial action and social justice. Was that part and parcel of what he brought\nwith him and did any of that exist here prior to his coming?\n\nBLUMBERG: I would say 'yes' to both questions. But you must understand that this\nwas not in any way in a sense of agenda, ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015#t=3420.0,3450.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015/transcript/30620/annotation/116","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"because it wasn't thought of as\nsomething that was going to be a hands-on lesson in those days. I don't think it\never occurred to him, when he came to Atlanta, that he would find himself in the\ncenter of social action activity. He often, after it became such, said that he\nwas so grateful that it did because that's what made his career. I said, 'made\nhis career' it sounds like he was looking for ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015#t=3450.0,3480.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015/transcript/30620/annotation/117","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":". . . not in the sense of getting\nbusiness or anything like that . . . but in the sense of giving direction to his\nrabbinate. He did not anticipate that. He wanted to teach Judaism as he saw it.\nWhat's happened since then is that a good five years before he died, he began to\nsee ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015#t=3480.0,3510.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015/transcript/30620/annotation/118","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"inevitable changes in the mainstream of Reform that were going beyond what\nhe was going to be comfortable with. He very often spoke in those years of how\nhe was looking forward to retirement because he says, \"I know it is coming. It\nprobably should come, but it's not my way and I don't want to be in the position\nof presiding over it\" . . . as far as the Temple community is concerned.\n\nSCHOENBERG: What was he referring to?\n\nBLUMBERG: He was ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015#t=3510.0,3540.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015/transcript/30620/annotation/119","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"referring to bringing back a lot of the traditions that in the\nlast 20 years have come back. He was opposed to bar mitzvah, for example. So was\nI, for that matter. I think that if he had had the subsequent experience with\nit, which I have had, he would be very much in favor of it, as I am. To me, it\nnot only is a Jewish tradition, but it serves a very positive need in the\nNuclear Age of keeping ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015#t=3540.0,3570.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015/transcript/30620/annotation/120","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"families together. I am now married into a very large\nfamily and I see how . . .\n\nSCHOENBERG: . . . participation . . .\n\nBLUMBERG: . . . cousins get to know each other . . . I think that it has a very\npositive aspect today. He used to say, \"When they get to the point where they\nwant, they want more 'mitzvah' than 'bar,' I'll be glad to do it.\" Of course,\nthey did start just before he died at the Temple. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015#t=3570.0,3600.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015/transcript/30620/annotation/121","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"All of his colleagues were\nsaying the same thing, his colleagues of his own generation. He wasn't an old\nman. I'm talking about when he was in his fifties. It would come up time and\nagain with the board of the Temple. He would ask his colleagues in other cities\nwhat they were doing about it. The ones that had reinstituted it all said,\n\"We've done it, but if you can avoid it, don't do it. We're sorry because it's\nmore 'bar' than 'mitzvah.'\" That was the way we looked at it then. Now I can see\nthat it ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015#t=3600.0,3630.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015/transcript/30620/annotation/122","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"has a real . . . 'bar' or no 'bar'. . .\n\nSCHOENBERG: . . . it provides an occasion, a simcha, where families can come\ntogether and reinforce those times.\n\nBLUMBERG: Yes. While I'm sure that in any kind of celebration there's a tendency\namong some people to outdo the others, there are going to be excesses of that\nsort. But that's not the important thing. He just said, \"I don't want to have to\ndeal with a whole new life.\"\n\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015#t=3630.0,3660.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015/transcript/30620/annotation/123","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"SCHOENBERG: He hadn't gotten to that point . . .\n\nBLUMBERG: I think he really died at a time that, for him, was probably good. It\nwas premature from everybody's point of view, but I'm not so sure it was from his.\n\nSCHOENBERG: Do you feel that . . . Dr. Marx came to Atlanta as a very young man\nwith very little ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015#t=3660.0,3690.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015/transcript/30620/annotation/124","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"experience. He had been one year out of the seminary or his\nrabbinic training, from what I've read. He had this opportunity, starting in\n1895, to stay in one place and lead the Temple, the Hebrew Benevolent\nCongregation, for a period of 50 plus ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015#t=3690.0,3720.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015/transcript/30620/annotation/125","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"years. Was it too long?\n\nBLUMBERG: By all means it was too long. I think part of him also knew it was too\nlong because he talked about retirement. But don't forget, first of all in those\ndays this happened in many congregations, particularly in the South. One of the\nreasons for it was economic. They didn't have pension plans in those days and\ncongregations, as happens today, have a lot of ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015#t=3720.0,3750.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015/transcript/30620/annotation/126","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"difficulty supporting two rabbis,\nespecially in small places. The South was economically very depressed, as you\nrecall. It wasn't just a matter of money. It was also the size of the\ncongregation. If they had had more congregants, they would have had more money.\nBut Jewish people were not moving to the South in those days in any great\nnumbers. So that happened, plus the fact they were ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015#t=3750.0,3780.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015/transcript/30620/annotation/127","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"isolated, more or less, from\nthe mainstream. So they stuck with the idea . . . they had more of a tendency to\nstick with the ideas that they had been taught in their schooling, which was\nClassical Reform.\n\nSCHOENBERG: There wasn't as much interaction among rabbis is what you're saying.\nThey themselves didn't grow as much . . . change ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015#t=3780.0,3810.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015/transcript/30620/annotation/128","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"as much with the times . . .\n\nBLUMBERG: That's true.\n\nSCHOENBERG: . . . here in the South. Is this what you are saying, in those years?\n\nBLUMBERG: I never really thought of it this way before. I have a feeling that\nthe rabbis in those days were, in small towns today where they stay a long time,\nthey become much more like the people who they're leading. Also, because of\neconomic factors, are much ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015#t=3810.0,3840.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015/transcript/30620/annotation/129","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"more reluctant to rock the boat. In fact, one saintly\nrabbi who we cared about and his congregation cared about him very much,\nabsolutely did not open his mouth in civil rights days . . .\n\nSCHOENBERG: Who was it?\n\nBLUMBERG: I hate to mention names for posterity ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015#t=3840.0,3870.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015/transcript/30620/annotation/130","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":". . . he was in one of the most\nreactionary cities in the South. He was a little bit older generation I would\nsay . . . maybe a whole generation older. In the midst of the civil rights\nstruggle, the people were so bitter, and his laymen were very bitter against\nRabbi Rothschild for speaking out because they felt that he was endangering all\nJewish communities in the South ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015#t=3870.0,3900.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015/transcript/30620/annotation/131","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"by speaking out in civil rights times. This\nrabbi said to him, \"I would love to be able to do what you're doing. But I've\njust got a few more years before retirement.\" That's one of the saddest things\nI've ever heard. There was another rabbi, whose name I will mention [Charles]\nMantinband because he was one of the great ones. He was in an even smaller\ncommunity in Mississippi. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015#t=3900.0,3930.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015/transcript/30620/annotation/132","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"From there you don't get any more reactionary, at\nleast in those days. He did speak out. He went from one community to another.\nThis was real bravery. I'm not saying they were all like the first rabbi I was\nspeaking of, but I think that was more the case that the older ones particularly\njust were afraid to rock the boat. Before this issue came up, there were others.\nThey were reluctant to ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015#t=3930.0,3960.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015/transcript/30620/annotation/133","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"diverge from the opinion of their [congregations]. They\nwere no longer leaders, they were followers. They were preachers who presided\nover life cycle events, and so forth. But they were not civic leaders in the\nsense that Marx was in his day, even though we disagreed with him as he got older.\n\nSCHOENBERG: Had he changed significantly from his earlier years? Obviously, if\nyou read about David Marx in the ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015#t=3960.0,3990.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015/transcript/30620/annotation/134","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"first 20 or 30 years of his rabbinate here in\nAtlanta, he must have been a very dynamic leader.\n\nBLUMBERG: A powerhouse.\n\nSCHOENBERG: Obviously, he was very much involved with the general community\nwhich was also something that the congregation had looked for.\n\nBLUMBERG: Yes.\n\nSCHOENBERG: From what I've read, that was part of the congregation's\nrequirement. When they finally found the man who met that particular need that\nthey saw . . . ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015#t=3990.0,4020.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015/transcript/30620/annotation/135","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that their own religious leader would also be a civic leader and\nrepresent and draw them into a more intimate relationship with the general\ncommunity. Then they stuck with it. That may be why he stayed so long, do you think?\n\nBLUMBERG: I think it's the tendency of any congregation to want to keep a rabbi.\nI think that the relationship between a rabbi and his ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015#t=4020.0,4050.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015/transcript/30620/annotation/136","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"congregation is, or\ncertainly should be, like a marriage. If one side wants out, then it's no good\nfrom either side. What you hope for when you go into such a situation is that it\nwill be a lifelong marriage. Particularly in cases, around the time that Marx\ncame here, certainly in the case of Atlanta, they had . . .\n\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015#t=4050.0,4080.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015/transcript/30620/annotation/137","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"SCHOENBERG: It was a turnover . . .\n\nBLUMBERG: . . . all these turnovers . . .\n\nSCHOENBERG: . . . everybody came and went.\n\nBLUMBERG: I think there were eight before him. He was the eighth I believe. My\ngreat-grandfather [Edward Benjamin Morris] Browne had been here longer than\nanybody else and that was less than four years, so that tells you something.\nThat's no good for any congregation. That doesn't do anybody any good. Even\ntoday, small congregations very much regret when ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015#t=4080.0,4110.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015/transcript/30620/annotation/138","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"their rabbis . . . if they\ndon't like their rabbi they want to get rid of them. If they do like him they\nlive with this constant fear that if he's so good, he'll go someplace else. So\nthe South had continuity, at least the Reform congregations. I don't know about\nthe others. The Reform congregations had a great deal of continuity, because\nthey kept these rabbis for such a long time.\n\nSCHOENBERG: As Dr. Marx aged and it ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015#t=4110.0,4140.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015/transcript/30620/annotation/139","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"became obvious that he would not live\nforever, how was the decision made? You were part of the congregation at that\ntime. You were not the wife of the rabbi. That happened after Rabbi Rothschild\ncame to Atlanta. Were you at all privy to anything about how the decision was\nmade to bring him to Atlanta? Or bring somebody to Atlanta?\n\nBLUMBERG: I am now. All I knew at the ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015#t=4140.0,4170.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015/transcript/30620/annotation/140","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"time was that there was always talk that\nMarx is old. He says he wants to retire, but he doesn't really. When I was the\nage of the confirmation class, they brought in an assistant, now of blessed\nmemory . . .\n\nSCHOENBERG: Who was that?\n\nBLUMBERG: Sam Sandmel. Sam was treated so badly by Dr. Marx in that one year\nthat he was the assistant that not only did Sam leave . . . but ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015#t=4170.0,4200.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015/transcript/30620/annotation/141","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that was his\nonly experience in his whole distinguished career as a pulpit rabbi . . . he not\nonly left Atlanta, he left . . .\n\nSCHOENBERG: . . . the pulpit.\n\nBLUMBERG: . . . he went into academia. He obviously had a bent for academia\nbecause he had a distinguished career in it, but that finished him. This was\ncommon knowledge, even among families such as mine that were not really active\nin the Temple. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015#t=4200.0,4230.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015/transcript/30620/annotation/142","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"What I found out later from Rabbi Rothschild was that the rabbis\nall knew about this. Nobody would have considered coming to Atlanta as an\nassistant. It had to be clearly stated that Dr. Marx was going to be retiring.\nWhoever came in would be the rabbi, or he would not have been interested in the\njob. The Temple had about 400 ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015#t=4230.0,4260.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015/transcript/30620/annotation/143","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"members at the time. They weren't all paying . . .\na lot of them were, and what they paid was very little, most of them. But of the\n400, a lot of them were men who had gone off into the service for [World War\nII]. They were retained on the books, but they weren't expected to pay dues. The\nTemple was in terrible shape.\n\nSCHOENBERG: How did you maintain that building all through that period?\n\nBLUMBERG: They had this horrendous ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015#t=4260.0,4290.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015/transcript/30620/annotation/144","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"mortgage that they kept turning over from\nwhen it was built. I don't really know exactly how they did it. I suppose I must\nhave found out some of the things and written it in that book, but I forget now.\nAt various times things were so bad the schoolteachers were not paid. They had a\npart-time secretary administrator who was mostly volunteer. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015#t=4290.0,4320.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015/transcript/30620/annotation/145","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"There were times\nthat Robert Benton, the janitor, kept order in a class. Maybe particular people\nsaid that if something had to be done they would pay for it, but they had a\nterrible . . .\n\nSCHOENBERG: Were there not wealthy Jewish families here in Atlanta who were\nmembers of the congregation?\n\nBLUMBERG: Yes.\n\nSCHOENBERG: But they weren't paying their way? ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015#t=4320.0,4350.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015/transcript/30620/annotation/146","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"They didn't pay their fair share?\n\nBLUMBERG: I don't think that they held back out of stinginess. As I see it, the\nstandard was not set. Rabbi Rothschild had a very difficult time. He and others.\nHe didn't do this alone. The lay leaders were doing this, too. They were working\non it, to finally get the membership dues to a stage where it was realistic. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015#t=4350.0,4380.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015/transcript/30620/annotation/147","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"But\nwas not only the amount that people were expected to pay, it was also the system\nof billing that didn't work out.\n\nSCHOENBERG: If you had a part-time secretarial volunteer staff, that's understandable.\n\nBLUMBERG: I don't know. I never looked into that part of it very much, although\nI probably wrote it in this Temple history. I forget now, but I know that they\ndid have bad problems. Another big factor was that ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015#t=4380.0,4410.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015/transcript/30620/annotation/148","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"in the latter years of Dr.\nMarx's rabbinate he alienated any newcomers who had Zionist tendencies, or who\nwere not from a German background. There were not that many that joined the\nTemple, and those that did were made to feel mostly like second-class citizens.\nSome of them, as we all know, made a lot of money in those days. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015#t=4410.0,4440.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015/transcript/30620/annotation/149","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Even in the\n1920's and 1930's. They gradually, one or two of them, took on leadership\npositions about the time that Rabbi Rothschild came in. Then many more of them\ndid when he became the rabbi because they could relate to him.\n\nSCHOENBERG: Who were some of those people?\n\nBLUMBERG: One that I just adored and I felt was a real spirit was David Slann\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015#t=4440.0,4470.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015/transcript/30620/annotation/150","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"[of] Butler Shoes. I'm sure there were others. I don't want to hurt anybody's\nfeelings by not remembering them. Before we get onto that, I do want to get back\nto the bombing. At the time, I didn't appreciate this so much because he's\n[from] my generation. I grew up with Bill [William B.] Schwartz, who was then\nthe President of the Temple. Looking back on it from our present age and writing\nabout Rabbi Rothschild, I realize that Bill Schwartz was ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015#t=4470.0,4500.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015/transcript/30620/annotation/151","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"maybe two years older\nthan I was at the time. He had this tremendous responsibility. Unlike Rabbi\nRothschild, who was also young, although a good bit older than we and was\ntrained to do this, Bill Schwartz was also in the eye of the storm. He conducted\nhimself with such maturity and such leadership. In those days we did what we had\nto do for this day ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015#t=4500.0,4530.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015/transcript/30620/annotation/152","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and got to the next day. We didn't think about how anybody\nwas doing. I feel he should have a real pat on the back in history for how he\nconducted himself.\n\nSCHOENBERG: What did he do specifically that you so admired?\n\nBLUMBERG: I can't even think specifically. He conducted himself like a mensch\n[Yiddish: human being]. In an emergency like that, even for a mensch it's hard.\nYou're inundated with ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015#t=4530.0,4560.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015/transcript/30620/annotation/153","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"press, with attention. He did not use the occasion to\nexploit himself, or his own position. He did everything just right.\n\nSCHOENBERG: What was his profession?\n\nBLUMBERG: He must have been no more than in his middle thirties at the time.\n\nSCHOENBERG: That's young to be president of the Temple.\n\nBLUMBERG: Yes. The reason was they knew they had this ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015#t=4560.0,4590.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015/transcript/30620/annotation/154","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"building campaign in the\noffing. They knew that they had to expand the Temple, physically. They chose him\nbecause they knew that he had proven himself as a good leader. He had, I think,\nheaded the religious school committee or something. He had done a good job, and\nthey had faith that he would be able to set a good example in giving.\n\nSCHOENBERG: Was he was a banker?\n\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015#t=4590.0,4620.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015/transcript/30620/annotation/155","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"BLUMBERG: No. He was an executive with National Service Industries. I forget\nexactly which stage . . . which was National Linen, and then National Service\nIndustries . . . exactly what stage the business was at . . . whether he was\npresident or chairman of the board because they subsequently merged with other\ncompanies. That was his business. His father-in-law had been one of ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015#t=4620.0,4650.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015/transcript/30620/annotation/156","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"the three founders.\n\nSCHOENBERG: Who was his father-in-law?\n\nBLUMBERG: A. J. Weinberg. Joe Jacobs and I.M. [Isadore] Weinstein, Milton\nWeinstein's father, were the three originals, as I remember it. Then Bill went\ninto that business.\n\nSCHOENBERG: He handled himself with great poise, all through this period.\n\nBLUMBERG: I'm telling you he was great. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015#t=4650.0,4680.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015/transcript/30620/annotation/157","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"His home was threatened, too. We weren't\nthe only who were shaken up.\n\nSCHOENBERG: That's someone else who I recommend be interviewed about this topic.\nYou also alluded to the fact that the congregation felt that had Rabbi\nRothschild not been quite so ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015#t=4680.0,4710.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015/transcript/30620/annotation/158","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"forthcoming, so outspoken in his support of Brown\nv. Board of Education, or civil rights per se, that perhaps this wouldn't have\nhappened to them. Was there a good deal of . . .\n\nBLUMBERG: . . . resentment . . .\n\nSCHOENBERG: . . . maybe not totally overt ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015#t=4710.0,4740.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015/transcript/30620/annotation/159","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"or verbal kinds of abuse thrown at the\nrabbi, after the fact?\n\nBLUMBERG: We had absolutely . . . I started to say 'no idea' . . . but we\ncertainly had an idea . . . a very good guess that there was. But nobody said\nanything to us. We got nothing but pats on the back. I got all of this praise\nabout not getting hysterical and leaving town with my children. The ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015#t=4740.0,4770.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015/transcript/30620/annotation/160","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"other\ntraumatic thing that had happened to this congregation in its history was the\n[Leo] Frank trial. People remembered. First of all, in 1954 when Rabbi\nRothschild said that he was going to speak out in favor of the Supreme Court\ndecision and adhering to it, one of my near contemporaries, maybe six or eight\nyears older than I am but generally contemporary . . . who ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015#t=4770.0,4800.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015/transcript/30620/annotation/161","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"was not even born at\nthe time, if she was born she was an infant at the time of the Frank trial, said\nto me, almost hysterically, \"What is Jack going to do to us, start the Frank\ncase all over again?\" They were hysterical about it. This was in 1954. It was\ntheoretical conversation so, of course, people said things like that to themselves.\n\nSCHOENBERG: Because they had panicked in 1915?\n\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015#t=4800.0,4830.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015/transcript/30620/annotation/162","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"BLUMBERG: Yes, I'm sure they had. Another great story was that Rabbi Rothschild\ndid not accept any invitations to speak right after the bombing. He refused to\nexploit the notoriety. The Temple had a building campaign on. There were the\ntrials. Until all of that was over, he didn't go out and speak. But when he did\nin the spring, I went with him to Pittsburgh [Pennsylvania], among other places.\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015#t=4830.0,4860.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015/transcript/30620/annotation/163","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"This was at a dinner. Afterwards, you know how everybody comes up to the dais\nand tries to get a word in. This lady couldn't get to the rabbi, but got to me\nand introduced herself. The rabbi always . . . for years his idea of how to\nfight this was by little drops of water. His little drops got increased through\nthe years. Always, ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015#t=4860.0,4890.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015/transcript/30620/annotation/164","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"on the High Holy Days, at least one of the sermons would have\nto do with civil rights. That year, it was Yom Kippur morning. She came up to me\nin Pittsburgh, maybe six months later. She had a big smile that people give you\nwhen they want to say something nice. She said, \"I enjoyed it.\"\n\nBLUMBERG: She said, \"I was there. I was visiting my ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015#t=4890.0,4920.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015/transcript/30620/annotation/165","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"family in Atlanta on the\nHigh Holy Days, and I heard the sermon. I thought it was just wonderful. Of\ncourse, my brother thought he should keep his damn mouth shut, but I thought it\nwas wonderful.\" That's one of my favorite stories. I have to go now.\n\nSCHOENBERG: This is an interview with Janice Oettinger Rothschild Blumberg being\ndone in her son's home in Atlanta, Georgia on ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015#t=4920.0,4950.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015/transcript/30620/annotation/166","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"October 14, 1989. The interviewer\nis Ann Schoenberg. This is for the AJC [American Jewish Committee] and CJW\n[National Council of Jewish Women] and Jewish Federation Project of Oral\nHistory. What we are going to do today is to start at the beginning. We\nconcentrated in our first tape in August on the period surrounding the bombing\nof the Temple. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015#t=4950.0,4980.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015/transcript/30620/annotation/167","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"We'll try not to get too deeply involved in that again. I think\nwe covered that fairly well. Now we have the opportunity to pick your brain and\nget you on tape for the general history of the community. I would ask you to\nstart at the beginning. Tell us something about how your family originated in\nthis area and how they got to the United States.\n\nBLUMBERG: Parts of my family came to the ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015#t=4980.0,5010.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015/transcript/30620/annotation/168","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"United States in the 1840's.\n\nSCHOENBERG: Give names, dates, and places, if you would please.\n\nBLUMBERG: From my mother's side of the family they were the ones who came very,\nvery early. I'm not that sure about my father's family. They lived in Boston\n[Massachusetts]. Both of his parents were born in the United States. I'll get\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015#t=5010.0,5040.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015/transcript/30620/annotation/169","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"finished with them quickly because there's less to say about them. They settled\nin and near Boston. I think my grandmother's family lived for a while in\nProvidence [Rhode Island].\n\nSCHOENBERG: Her name?\n\nBLUMBERG: Her name was Rose Hamburger Oettinger. They pronounced the umlaut 'oe'\n. . . 'Ettinger' there. Her father was a ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015#t=5040.0,5070.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015/transcript/30620/annotation/170","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"rabbi. I don't think with a\ncongregation. I'm not quite sure of that. At any rate, they must have come from\nsomewhere in [the Netherlands]. My grandfather Oettinger, his family came from\naround Nuremberg [Germany]. Part of the family, and I'm still not clear whether\nit was my grandmother's or grandfather's, was from Holland . . . from Rotterdam.\nI have a feeling that was my great-grandmother ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015#t=5070.0,5100.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015/transcript/30620/annotation/171","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"on my father's father side. They\nnever moved south. They lived and died in Boston. My father came to Atlanta.\n\nSCHOENBERG: What was their business?\n\nBLUMBERG: My grandfather Oettinger was in the music business. The name of it was\nthe 'Musician's Supply Business' at 117 Tremont Street. At least during my\nlifetime it was. He was quite a character. He was a ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015#t=5100.0,5130.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015/transcript/30620/annotation/172","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"self-educated man, extremely\ncultured, and a Universalist. He was what you think of as the typical 'old\nBostonian,' without really being part of the Brahmin society. I think I heard\nthat his father was one of the founders of the first synagogue in Boston. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015#t=5130.0,5160.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015/transcript/30620/annotation/173","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"But\nthat's not part of the Atlanta heritage. The Southern heritage is on my maternal\ngrandmother's side. The family name was 'Browne.' Her father was a rabbi who\ncame from Hungary. That's how they got to the South to start with. He was the\nrabbi of the Temple in Atlanta from 1877 to ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015#t=5160.0,5190.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015/transcript/30620/annotation/174","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"1881. He was not the first rabbi of\nthe Temple, but he was the first rabbi to have a temple. He dedicated the first\nbuilding in Atlanta . . .\n\nSCHOENBERG: . . . which was located . . .\n\nBLUMBERG: . . . which was at Forsyth and Garnett Street. He was quite outspoken.\nHe's a book in itself, which I hope to write someday. He also had a newspaper\nwhile he was here, the Jewish South. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015#t=5190.0,5220.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015/transcript/30620/annotation/175","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"He was quite controversial. He never stayed\n. . . four years in Atlanta was probably the height of his career because he\nnever stayed any place . . . as a rule not that long.\n\nSCHOENBERG: His name?\n\nBLUMBERG: They called him 'Alphabet' Browne. His name was Edward Benjamin Morris\nBrowne. I don't know how many degrees he had from his education in the old\ncountry. I don't how formal ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015#t=5220.0,5250.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015/transcript/30620/annotation/176","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"an education it was, either. He was quite literate\nfrom whatever education he had there. He came over here and he studied with\nIsaac Mayer Wise as his protégé in his home before there was a Hebrew Union\nCollege and received smicha [Hebrew: ordination] as a rabbi from him. He also\ngot an MD [medical degree] from the Medical College of Evansville, Indiana.\nIncidentally, that is where he met my great-grandmother. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015#t=5250.0,5280.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015/transcript/30620/annotation/177","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"[He also had] a law\ndegree, which my son has framed next to his. My great-grandfather's was from the\nUniversity of Wisconsin [Madison, Wisconsin]. My son's is from Harvard [Law\nSchool--Cambridge, Massachusetts]. Great-grandfather 'Alphabet Browne,' as I\nsaid, the reason was that he had all these initials before his name. Afterwards,\nhe put all the initials of the degrees. It was: MD, LLD, and so forth. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015#t=5280.0,5310.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015/transcript/30620/annotation/178","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"He was\nreally quite a character. I'll write about him someday. My great-grandmother's\nfamily came in the 1840's and settled in Evansville [Indiana]. Their name was\n'Weil.' They came from Alsace and Hesse-Darmstadt, which is very close to what\nis now Germany. Part of their family ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015#t=5310.0,5340.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015/transcript/30620/annotation/179","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"came . . . my great-great-grandfather\nWeil's sister was married to a Haas. That's how they were related to the Haases.\nThat's probably how my great-grandfather got the pulpit in ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015#t=5340.0,5370.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015/transcript/30620/annotation/180","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Atlanta. Herman Haas,\nwho was the patriarch of that family, was his uncle. He was my\ngreat-grandfather's uncle by marriage. They were very close. That part of the\nHaas family had stayed with my great-grandparents in Evansville ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015#t=5370.0,5400.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015/transcript/30620/annotation/181","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"for a while en\nroute to where they got finally settled, which was not in Atlanta, as a matter\nof fact, it was Newnan [Georgia] . . . they started out in Newnan. Gradually\nthey got to Atlanta.\n\nSCHOENBERG: What was the Haas' business? I was just curious if you knew, since\nthey were sort of related . . .\n\nBLUMBERG: I know that in those days . . . I'm much more familiar with what\nhappened 100 years ago than I am now.\n\nSCHOENBERG: Sure. That's why I'm ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015#t=5400.0,5430.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015/transcript/30620/annotation/182","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"asking you.\n\nBLUMBERG: They had some kind of store in Newnan. During the Civil War, Herman .\n. . or maybe just before the war started . . . wanted to go back to Philadelphia\nwhere there was more Jewish life and culture. As a matter of fact, he had taken\nhis son Aaron, the one who really had such a wonderful time here in Atlanta, to\neducate him Jewishly. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015#t=5430.0,5460.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015/transcript/30620/annotation/183","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I don't know whether this man was a young relative, or\njust a young man that he liked. His name was 'Guthman.' I think he probably was\na relative who came from the old country. When Herman left Newnan, he left the\nstore in the charge of his son and . . .\n\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015#t=5460.0,5490.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015/transcript/30620/annotation/184","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"SCHOENBERG: . . . this young man . . .\n\nBLUMBERG: . . . Guthman. I'm not sure whether Guthman was his son-in-law at that\npoint, or not. He was the father, and the Haas, whose wife's name I can't\nremember either, were the parents of all of these sisters of whom the original\n'Miss Daisy' was one: Lena. I think Lena was named after her mother. Helena was\nthe daughter, ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015#t=5490.0,5520.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015/transcript/30620/annotation/185","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and she was the mother of all of these sisters of whom Lena\nGuthman Fox, the original 'Miss Daisy' was one. You asked me about the store . .\n. I don't know what they sold in the store.\n\nSCHOENBERG: It's interesting that they settled in Newnan rather than Atlanta.\n\nBLUMBERG: When they came to Atlanta, I don't think they had a store. I know that\nAaron went into brokerage ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015#t=5520.0,5550.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015/transcript/30620/annotation/186","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":". . . He's supposed to have run the blockade during\nthe [Civil] War. My great-great-grandfather in Evansville was evidently the\nfirst one in the family to really get there, get established, get real roots and\nfinancial roots ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015#t=5550.0,5580.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015/transcript/30620/annotation/187","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"into a community. He opened up that part of the country for one\nof the major insurance companies. He also . . .\n\nSCHOENBERG: Which insurance company?\n\nBLUMBERG: I think it was New England Mutual. From what I've read of American\nJewish history at that period, this was not uncommon for Jewish people to ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015#t=5580.0,5610.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015/transcript/30620/annotation/188","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"be\nable to take on a major insurance company, or develop insurance companies. Like\nthe Oberdorfers, for example. I'm pretty sure it was involved with real estate,\ntoo. I think that was the basis of the companies here: Haas and Dodd Realty and\nother businesses of that sort. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015#t=5610.0,5640.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015/transcript/30620/annotation/189","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Getting back to my family, that's my mother's\nmother's family. That grandmother was born in Peoria, Illinois. They moved to\nAtlanta later. Her younger brother, who died as a young man, was born in\nAtlanta. Then they moved on. Their roots in the South came ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015#t=5640.0,5670.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015/transcript/30620/annotation/190","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"in the 1890's. They\nreally stayed here when they came in the 1890's, for great-grandfather to be the\nrabbi in Columbus, Georgia.\n\nSCHOENBERG: He did remain a rabbi then?\n\nBLUMBERG: He remained a rabbi, but whenever he would lose a pulpit, if he was so\ninclined, he would be a lawyer, or whatever.\n\nSCHOENBERG: A doctor?\n\nBLUMBERG: I don't think he ever practiced medicine. He taught medical\njurisprudence ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015#t=5670.0,5700.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015/transcript/30620/annotation/191","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"at this school where he got a degree. I don't think he ever\npracticed medicine. He did practice law. I don't think he practiced it for a\nliving. As a matter of fact, I don't think he ever practiced anything much for a\nliving. Great-grandmother had some stock in these companies that her father had\nbeen instrumental in founding. There was even stock left . . . when I was\nmarried even I got a few hundred dollars every ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015#t=5700.0,5730.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015/transcript/30620/annotation/192","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"now and then from stock that had\nbeen started by this great-great-grandfather who had a number of children. It\nwasn't as though . . . I was an only great-grandchild, but not a great-great\ngrandchild. They must have been pretty substantial things in those days. By my\nlifetime, they had pretty much petered out. I think one reason was\ngreat-grandfather, the crazy rabbi. He just wanted to be a scholar. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015#t=5730.0,5760.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015/transcript/30620/annotation/193","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"He wanted to\ndo his thing.\n\nSCHOENBERG: He didn't have anybody to finance him, other than all those stocks.\n\nBLUMBERG: He knew how to spend money. His own and other people's. He was very\ncourtly and was always getting these wonderful honors.\n\nSCHOENBERG: Do you remember him?\n\nBLUMBERG: Vaguely. I was four years old when he died, but I do remember.\n\nSCHOENBERG: I'm sure you've heard plenty of stories.\n\nBLUMBERG: I remember my great-grandmother very well because ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015#t=5760.0,5790.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015/transcript/30620/annotation/194","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"she lived throughout\nmy childhood. She never told me any of the bad stories. I had to become a\nhistorian of sorts to find out. [I am] reading his papers, which I am in the\nprocess of turning over to the American Jewish Historical Society, so they will\nbe available for scholars and I would like to do some work with them myself. He\nwas a fascinating guy, but crazy. Not really great to be related to, ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015#t=5790.0,5820.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015/transcript/30620/annotation/195","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"but he was\nfascinating. My grandfather [David] Goldberg . . . my mother's maiden name was\n'Goldberg' . . . and grandfather's family moved to Macon [Georgia] in the\n1840's. Their name was 'Waxelbaum.' He was born in Oswego, New York. His father,\nSimon Goldberg, died very, very young. My great-grandmother married several\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015#t=5820.0,5850.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015/transcript/30620/annotation/196","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"times and had several different families. When each husband died . . . I guess\nwhen the second husband died, and left her with these two sets of children, she\nmoved back to be with her family in Macon, the Waxelbaums. I think they had a\nstore, too. I'm not really sure. There are plenty of them. Marian Waxelbaum\nKaufman and her husband, Gus Kaufman, have done ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015#t=5850.0,5880.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015/transcript/30620/annotation/197","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"a lot of work on that. If\nanybody wants to know about that side of the family, they should ask them. My\ngrandfather was a salesman, on the road at first, and then opened up his own\nstore. His two sisters married . . . one of them was married and living in\nColumbus. The other one married in a double wedding with my own grandparents\nlater. But that's how he met my grandmother. He lived all of ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015#t=5880.0,5910.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015/transcript/30620/annotation/198","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"the rest of his\nlife in Columbus. The way my parents got down here was my mother went off to\nSmith College [Northampton, Massachusetts], which grandfather always thought was\na mistake . . . a girl having that kind of an education.\n\nSCHOENBERG: This was in what year that she went to Smith?\n\nBLUMBERG: My mother was born in 1901. I guess she went off to Smith in 1917 or 1918.\n\nSCHOENBERG: There was considerable wealth there in order to be able to afford .\n. .\n\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015#t=5910.0,5940.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015/transcript/30620/annotation/199","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"BLUMBERG: I guess there was.\n\nSCHOENBERG: . . . sending a girl to college. That really is rare in those years,\nparticularly in Jewish families.\n\nBLUMBERG: Yes. My grandfather did well. He later lost it all. He didn't lose his\nresidential property, but he lost the store on Broad Street. He always told me\nthat if it hadn't for [President Franklin Delano] Roosevelt, and what Roosevelt\ndid with the banks, the bank holiday, that he really would have been in the poor\nhouse. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015#t=5940.0,5970.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015/transcript/30620/annotation/200","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"As it was, he just lost the store which had to do with the fact that he\nput up money for my father's business. They wanted my father and mother to come\nto Columbus to live because my mother was an only child. They wouldn't do that.\nMother would not go to Columbus, Georgia. She said, \"Only as far as Atlanta.\" So\nthat's how they got here. My father tried to go into business. He was just ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015#t=5970.0,6000.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015/transcript/30620/annotation/201","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"not a\nbusinessman. Plus, the fact that it was the time of the Great Depression.\n\nSCHOENBERG: What kind of business?\n\nBLUMBERG: But he was not a businessman. There was no question. He went off to war.\n\nSCHOENBERG: This is World War I?\n\nBLUMBERG: World War I. They met right after he got back. My mother was a\ncharacter. It's too bad you couldn't have taped her. She was also very impulsive\nand ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015#t=6000.0,6030.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015/transcript/30620/annotation/202","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"wanted to have her own way. After she completed her education she left Smith\nto get married. Then she finished up and got a degree from Boston University\n[Boston, Massachusetts].\n\nSCHOENBERG: They met up there?\n\nBLUMBERG: Yes, and after that . . . through a Southern connection. There was\nsomebody from Macon who married somebody in Boston. When mother came there, they\nintroduced them. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015#t=6030.0,6060.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015/transcript/30620/annotation/203","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Mother loved Boston, but it was clear that my grandfather\nhaving this business was not going to support three families. My father's\nbrother already had a family that was dependent upon them. Then her family was\nbegging them to come South, so they did.\n\nSCHOENBERG: But not to Columbus?\n\nBLUMBERG: Not to Columbus. Atlanta. That's the interesting thing about Atlanta.\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015#t=6060.0,6090.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015/transcript/30620/annotation/204","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"They ought to put me on the Chamber of Commerce even though I don't live here\nanymore. If you study Atlanta history, you can study it from the standpoint of\nwhat's in the books, or just take an individual family like mine. You can see\nthat there was this 'spirit of Atlanta.' It is special. Atlanta is going places.\nThere's something here that you don't find in the rest of the South. My mother\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015#t=6090.0,6120.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015/transcript/30620/annotation/205","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"said this, or felt this way about it in the early 1920's. That's why they came\nback here. I've read documents, quotes from newspapers, and things from 1900. It\nwas always this way.\n\nSCHOENBERG: What do you think there is about the community here? Not just for\nJewish people, but just generally, that is so different? What is there about the\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015#t=6120.0,6150.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015/transcript/30620/annotation/206","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"make-up of the people or the attitude?\n\nBLUMBERG: I think it's the other side of the coin, as far as the brashness . . .\nthey talk about the carpetbaggers, and so forth. It's that attitude of coming .\n. . of Atlanta being the place where people could make a buck. But they found\nmore than that. They ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015#t=6150.0,6180.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015/transcript/30620/annotation/207","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"made it. It's in beautiful terrain. It was helpful terrain.\nWe don't think about that so much now, but it was very important in the early\ndays because below here was swampy and malarial. People used to come here for\ntheir health in the early days. When the settlements were mostly in Savannah\n[Georgia] and Augusta [Georgia], people would come here. I'm talking in the\nearly days.\n\nSCHOENBERG: Yes. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015#t=6180.0,6210.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015/transcript/30620/annotation/208","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"One hundred . . . 150 years ago.\n\nBLUMBERG: Right. At the inception, before there was really much in town at all.\nI think mainly it attracts people to see opportunity. It was a crossroads then.\nIt's a crossroads now.\n\nSCHOENBERG: Have you ever read Ivan Allen Sr.'s book called Altitude + Attitude?\nWhat you have said has a lot of resonance. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015#t=6210.0,6240.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015/transcript/30620/annotation/209","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"It's a very small volume. It was\nwritten by the old man not by the man was mayor, but by his father.\n\nBLUMBERG: No. The Ivan that I know, I've read his books.\n\nSCHOENBERG: Sometime see if you can take it out of the library. It just takes a\nbrief period of time to read it, but it's very similar in its statement to what\nyou have just said. Partly the altitude, the fact that there were four seasons,\nit was ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015#t=6240.0,6270.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015/transcript/30620/annotation/210","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"healthful, above the coastal plain and all the problems that that\npresented for health. Also, that it was stimulating to have cooler weather and\nchanges of climate. I think it was a very interesting approach to why Atlanta is\nthe kind of city it is, as compared to some of the sleepier towns.\n\nBLUMBERG: Yes. We're talking geography there, which had to do ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015#t=6270.0,6300.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015/transcript/30620/annotation/211","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"with why Decatur\n[Georgia] was good. When you think about Atlanta being founded for the\nrailroads, that was really crucial to it becoming a city. I think that it's just\nalways attracted people who were far-sighted. They talk about it having . . . in\nthe old days when there was quite a division between the North and South, it was\ndescribed as having the best of both the North and the South. It had the\nget-up-and-go ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015#t=6300.0,6330.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015/transcript/30620/annotation/212","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"of the North and yet the gentility of the South. It still does.\n\nSCHOENBERG: Do you think the city, though it's a huge metropolis today, has\nretained any of that?\n\nBLUMBERG: It's hard for me to see it whole, because while I look from afar . . .\nwhen I'm here . . . I'm looking from afar at the city ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015#t=6330.0,6360.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015/transcript/30620/annotation/213","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"as it really is today with\nexpansion and everything. But the people I know and what I really plug into when\nI'm here is still the old crowd. So it's hard for me to synthesize these two\nviews. I realize that for a newcomer coming in, they probably have ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015#t=6360.0,6390.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015/transcript/30620/annotation/214","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"difficulty,\nsome of them, finding the gentle, lovely, beautiful part of it that I know. But\nit's here. Why do so many people stay if they don't find something that's good?\n\nSCHOENBERG: Yes. It's not just the financial . . .\n\nBLUMBERG: Exactly.\n\nSCHOENBERG: . . . that aspect of the city holds people, because you can find\nthat elsewhere.\n\nBLUMBERG: I hear stories today that sound ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015#t=6390.0,6420.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015/transcript/30620/annotation/215","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"'word for word' like stories that we\nused to tell 40 years ago of people who were transferred here from the North.\nThen when they, in those days, I don't know if it's true anymore, would be\npromoted by their company to some other place that was out of Atlanta, they\nwould quit. One of them is Harold Brockey, who became Chairman of the Board of\nRich's. There is story after story that I remember of people ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015#t=6420.0,6450.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015/transcript/30620/annotation/216","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"like that, who were\nyoungsters, coming in with the big corporations. When the company wanted them to\ngo elsewhere, they wouldn't do it.\n\nSCHOENBERG: It's still happening. I'll vouch for it. I know some people just\nlike that. We've gotten your family to Atlanta. Now you tell me your dad was not\nparticularly suited for business. What did he end up ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015#t=6450.0,6480.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015/transcript/30620/annotation/217","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"finally doing?\n\nBLUMBERG: He ended up working for his cousin. The business that he tried to go\ninto was Clean Heat. It was a new kind . . . at that time new . . . I'm talking\nabout when I was born in 1924. Whatever it was didn't pan out. Then he went to\nwork for a GE [General Electric] distributor here. Later he went to Rich's in\nthat kind of a ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015#t=6480.0,6510.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015/transcript/30620/annotation/218","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"department . . . the major appliances department. Then he got\nsick. It was determined that what he needed to get outside more . . . that he\ncouldn't work in a department store all day long. He went on the road to work\nfor his cousin from Boston who manufactured maternity clothes. During the war,\nwhen they had . . . when what merchandise ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015#t=6510.0,6540.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015/transcript/30620/annotation/219","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"they had to sell got sold immediately\nand they had time on their hands, he helped found this organization that later\nbecame quite big: the Southeast Travelers [Southeastern Traveler Exhibitors].\nThey just called it 'Southeastern Travelers' . . . but what it was an\nassociation of traveling salesmen that functioned . . . NAWCAS is the National\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015#t=6540.0,6570.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015/transcript/30620/annotation/220","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Association of Women's and Children's Apparel Salesmen . . . which I believe was\nheadquartered in Atlanta. I know the man that was head of it all those years\nsubsequently, since shortly after the war [World War II], until he retired a few\nyears ago. He is Marshall ['Bud'] Mantler, who was based here in Atlanta. It\nstarted with my father and one or two other people who just did it as volunteers.\n\nSCHOENBERG: Who were the other people?\n\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015#t=6570.0,6600.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015/transcript/30620/annotation/221","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"BLUMBERG: I don't think they were from Atlanta. I forget their names now. I'm\nsure the NAWCAS archives would tell you that. My father was very much better . .\n. my father was very much beloved. He was a wonderful guy, but just not\naggressive. He was not a sales person. Mother, on the other hand, ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015#t=6600.0,6630.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015/transcript/30620/annotation/222","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"was a real\ncharacter. I don't know whether I would call her aggressive or not. She wasn't\nin the typical way that you think of. Mother was a Bohemian. Somebody later\ndescribed my mother as being a hippie before we knew what hippies were. I\nremember there was some kind of a Bohemian Society here, an arts ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015#t=6630.0,6660.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015/transcript/30620/annotation/223","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"league, when I\nwas a child. They would have Twelfth Night parties and things like that. Mother\nwas very much a part of that, and a part of the Music Club and got herself . . .\nshe was also active in the National Council of Jewish Women. When she absolutely\nhad to make a living, and she tried to . . . this is something that I should\nwrite about someday . . . the feminine . . .\n\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015#t=6660.0,6690.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015/transcript/30620/annotation/224","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"SCHOENBERG: Feminists and the suffragettes?\n\nBLUMBERG: Yes. Great-grandmother was one . . . speaking of suffragettes . . . of\nthe first women to register to vote . . .\n\nSCHOENBERG: In Columbus?\n\nBLUMBERG: In Columbus. Not only that but she founded . . . jumping back to\ngreat-grandmother, the rabbi's wife, after he lost his job in Columbus, she\ndidn't leave Columbus. She stayed. Every now and then, she would go off ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015#t=6690.0,6720.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015/transcript/30620/annotation/225","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"to\nwherever he was briefly, but her residence was always Columbus.\n\nSCHOENBERG: He didn't continue to live in Columbus? When he took pulpits or\ntaught law or whatever he was doing at that particular moment, he would do it in\na different city?\n\nBLUMBERG: That's right. He lost that pulpit shortly after my grandparents\nmarried. Great-grandmother stayed there. In 1900, she had formed a literary\norganization, like a reading club. It grew out of the ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015#t=6720.0,6750.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015/transcript/30620/annotation/226","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"group of women to whom she\nhad taught English. They were German-Jewish women who had come over. By that\ntime, their children were old enough so that they could get out a little bit.\nTheir husbands were successful enough so that they could get out a little bit.\nThey improved their English. She started this club.\n\nSCHOENBERG: Like a 'Great Books' sort of thing?\n\nBLUMBERG: Yes, but they also had dramatic recitations, and things of that sort.\nIt was called the 'Century Club,' because they founded it in ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015#t=6750.0,6780.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015/transcript/30620/annotation/227","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"1900. Mother and I,\nand grandmother, except she wouldn't go, were honored guests at their fiftieth\nanniversary. They're still going strong, so far as I know. They were the same\nsort of people as would have been [National] Council [of Jewish Women], which\nthere was not a Council in Columbus. The Ladies Aid Society of the Temple, all\nthese were the same people. I think that between the two organizations, ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015#t=6780.0,6810.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015/transcript/30620/annotation/228","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"they did\nthe things that Council was doing other places. My great-grandmother, apropos of\nthe voting . . . as the head of that organization was asked to be their\nrepresentative for the Georgia Federation of Women's Clubs. Whatever they had in\nthose days . . .\n\nSCHOENBERG: . . . qualified . . .\n\nBLUMBERG: . . . the Council and the other organizations that have formal\nrepresentation today. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015#t=6810.0,6840.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015/transcript/30620/annotation/229","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"In that capacity, she went to a number of conventions,\nincluding a White House conference. Of course, this is much later . . . when was\nthe suffragette [movement] . . . in the early Twenties?\n\nSCHOENBERG: Yes. Women got the vote in about 1919, I think.\n\nBLUMBERG: During that period. I've got the documentation on it. I just can't\nkeep it all in my head. She was ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015#t=6840.0,6870.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015/transcript/30620/annotation/230","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"at this White House conference as a\nrepresentative of . . .\n\nSCHOENBERG: . . . the Georgia Federation of Women's Clubs.\n\nBLUMBERG: Yes. That part of the family was really interesting.\n\nSCHOENBERG: Early feminists?\n\nBLUMBERG: Early feminists. Mother was a feminist . . . Mother told me that when\nthings were really bad, and they were really bad when I was a child. At one\npoint I was sent down to live with my grandparents for the winter because they\ndidn't know ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015#t=6870.0,6900.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015/transcript/30620/annotation/231","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"how they were going to put food on the table and keep the heat going\nin the house. As bad as things were, mother wanted to go to work. What was she\ntrained to do? She was trained . . . she was a very fine pianist, but she\ncertainly wasn't going to earn a living as a . . .\n\nSCHOENBERG: . . . teaching piano?\n\nBLUMBERG: That's what she ultimately did. People told her that she was so\ntalented with houses, ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015#t=6900.0,6930.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015/transcript/30620/annotation/232","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"decorating and understanding what can be done with old\nhouse [and] that she should try to get a job in real estate. I'm not sure\nexactly what period this was, but I would say that it had to be the early to\nmid-Thirties. She didn't tell me this until just before she died. I had grown\nchildren ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015#t=6930.0,6960.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015/transcript/30620/annotation/233","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"before she told me this. She went to see somebody who was a leading\nreal estate person who she had a very fine introduction to. He was a good mutual\nfriend. The guy tried to seduce her and said, \"Honey, what do you want to do\nsomething like that for? That's ridiculous.\" She was so discouraged that she ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015#t=6960.0,6990.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015/transcript/30620/annotation/234","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"did\nstart out teaching. During a depression, a music teacher is not going to make\nmoney. She never made a lot of money, but she did bring in something. She later\nbecame very, very well-known as a very fine music teacher. One of her favorite\npeople was Alfred Uhry. She was so crazy about Alfred. She would be so proud of\nhim now, if only she knew.\n\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015#t=6990.0,7020.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015/transcript/30620/annotation/235","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"SCHOENBERG: That talent sort of stayed in the Uhry family. I think there were several.\n\nBLUMBERG: His father was an artist, not just of . . .\n\nSCHOENBERG: . . . no, but I think the music also is there because one of his\nnephews also is musical.\n\nBLUMBERG: Really?\n\nSCHOENBERG: Yes, one of his sister's children.\n\nBLUMBERG: Mother was a character. She was ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015#t=7020.0,7050.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015/transcript/30620/annotation/236","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"pretty well-known in Atlanta, because\nshe was quite outspoken. There is one thing I remember about my childhood that\nwas a lot of fun and very glamorous for me at the time. It was also outside the\nfold. I was not really part of the Jewish crowd that I thought I was part of\nbecause of this crazy upbringing that I had. I think it was mainly because of\nthat. Finances didn't make a difference in those days, as it does today. There\nwere one or two other ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015#t=7050.0,7080.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015/transcript/30620/annotation/237","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"girls that I knew of in my immediate crowd whose families'\nfinances were even worse than mine were.\n\nSCHOENBERG: Do you want to mention names?\n\nBLUMBERG: No, I don't. I observed that they did not have these same problems\nbecause their mothers played cards with the other women and did the things they\nwere supposed to do. Mine didn't. But one thing that mine did that I thought\nmade me very special was because of mother's ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015#t=7080.0,7110.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015/transcript/30620/annotation/238","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"connection with the Music Club. She\nwas sort of in charge, at one point, of hosting the stars or the artists who\nwere coming to perform. As a result, I got a chance to meet them. She had some\ngood friends among them. For example, Helen Jepson was a friend of ours. Mother\nhad met some of these people through Hugh Hodgson, who was ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015#t=7110.0,7140.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015/transcript/30620/annotation/239","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"a wonderful musician.\nHe was a composer and pianist, but his major achievement was that he founded the\nFine Arts Department at the University of Georgia [in Athens, Georgia]. He was\nfrom Athens [Georgia]. He was the organist and choir director at St. Luke's\nEpiscopal Church here, where he really lived, in Atlanta. Mother was his dear\nand devoted friend and servant. She would bring flowers to his ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015#t=7140.0,7170.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015/transcript/30620/annotation/240","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"studio. If there\nwas one flower in the garden . . . she was a great gardener . . . if there was\none flower at the end of November, it would end up not on my teacher's desk, but\nin his studio. She knew the newspaper people in this context, because she would\ntry to publicize what he was doing. She also did this for Council. She would\nhave been a great volunteer worker if she hadn't of had all these ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015#t=7170.0,7200.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015/transcript/30620/annotation/241","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"different\nconflicts. All of the things that she really achieved, other than teaching\npiano, was as a volunteer through Mr. Hugh, whom we all loved. He was a fabulous\nteacher. Yes, he was.\n\nSCHOENBERG: Did you take lessons from him?\n\nBLUMBERG: No. He only took master students.\n\nSCHOENBERG: Did you take lessons from your mother?\n\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015#t=7200.0,7230.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015/transcript/30620/annotation/242","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"BLUMBERG: Not very much. I played violin and viola, which was a big mistake. I\nhave a very poor ear for music. If you want to enjoy music and you don't have a\ngood ear, you should stick to the piano, and let somebody else do the tuning.\nFor some reason, I guess because there were fine instruments in the family from\nmy father's father, I played violin and viola . . . as I said, very badly . . .\nin a number of different orchestras, because I found out that ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015#t=7230.0,7260.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015/transcript/30620/annotation/243","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"they needed violas\nso badly that even a bad one could get in. I had a lot of fun with that.\n\nSCHOENBERG: You were talking about Mr. Hugh.\n\nBLUMBERG: You were talking about his pupils. He had two very good pupils who\nwere somewhat younger than I. I remember my mother in connection with them when\nthey were children, very young ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015#t=7260.0,7290.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015/transcript/30620/annotation/244","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"prodigies. One of them . . . these two were not\nonly among his most outstanding students, but they are also among the most\noutstanding citizens of Atlanta today. One of them is [William] Billy Schatten.\nThe other one is Bobby . . . he's a lawyer . . . he's not Jewish. I can't think\nof his name right now. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015#t=7290.0,7320.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015/transcript/30620/annotation/245","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"He was with the firm that my son worked for when he first\ngot out of law school. I can see him now. He's short and has red hair, or at\nleast he did.\n\nSCHOENBERG: Is he the one who's been involved with the [Atlanta] Opera?\n\nBLUMBERG: Yes.\n\nSCHOENBERG: I know who you're talking about. I can't think of his name either .\n. .\n\nBLUMBERG: . . . that's not important . . . the thing was that . . .\n\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015#t=7320.0,7350.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015/transcript/30620/annotation/246","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"SCHOENBERG: . . . through these contacts your mother had access to . . .\n\nBLUMBERG: . . . yes. Also, I think it's significant . . . not that you need the\nbiography of Mr. Hugh. But one of the great things that he taught me and other\npeople that came in contact with him. I studied with him with courses that he\ntaught at the University of Georgia. The great thing that he taught was that a\nmusician could not just be a musician. You had to be ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015#t=7350.0,7380.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015/transcript/30620/annotation/247","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"well-rounded. He himself\nwas a great tennis player, a great mathematician, and a fantastic football fan.\nHe instilled this particularly in other people. It could be Bobby [indistinct].\nAnyway, with both of these men, when they were young kids concentrating on their\ntalent, you had to be a well-rounded personality. They are living proof that ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015#t=7380.0,7410.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015/transcript/30620/annotation/248","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"his\nphilosophy worked.\n\nSCHOENBERG: Your mother then was one of the few Jewish women working in those days?\n\nBLUMBERG: I think she must have been. There were some Jewish women who worked in\ndepartment stores. That was about the only thing . . . that and teaching school,\nwhich you did if you were not married. I can't think of any married people who\ndid either.\n\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015#t=7410.0,7440.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015/transcript/30620/annotation/249","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"SCHOENBERG: What do you remember married ladies doing in the Twenties and Thirties?\n\nBLUMBERG: Not that they might not have done this if they had no children, the\ndepartment store kind of thing. That was about all you did if you were a genteel\nJewish lady.\n\nSCHOENBERG: That was acceptable.\n\nBLUMBERG: That was acceptable. If you were from an intellectually snobbish\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015#t=7440.0,7470.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015/transcript/30620/annotation/250","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"family like mine, you didn't consider the department store bit.\n\nSCHOENBERG: Your mother was a college-educated woman. She hopefully could do\nsomething a little more taxing mentally than that.\n\nBLUMBERG: But it was like caste separation. You disdained making money, which is\na very unrealistic way to live. You ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015#t=7470.0,7500.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015/transcript/30620/annotation/251","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"were supposed to have it, not earn it, which\nwas a terrible philosophy. I've never liked teaching. I felt very insecure and\nuncomfortable with it. I didn't want to learn to teach. Consequently, I didn't\nlearn to do anything that was gainful employment. I never took it seriously.\n\nSCHOENBERG: What was it like growing up in Atlanta? I started to ask you, what\ndid nice Jewish ladies do? The ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015#t=7500.0,7530.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015/transcript/30620/annotation/252","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"friends of your mothers who were not trying to\nmake a living, because their husbands were doing the job?\n\nBLUMBERG: Not only that, but normally if your husband was not doing much of a\njob as you really needed, you felt--and he probably would have felt, too--that\nit would diminish him. It would really be a blow to his ego if you went to work.\nConsequently, in the early days of my marriage, when we certainly needed more\nmoney than we had, ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015#t=7530.0,7560.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015/transcript/30620/annotation/253","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"it just never even occurred to me. My way of doing things was\nto figure out how to do it for less . . .\n\nSCHOENBERG: How to get by . . .\n\nBLUMBERG: . . . or how to do it myself, if there was something I wanted that was\nextravagant. It would never have occurred to me. I suspect that it would have\nbeen very unacceptable to the congregation if I had even considered it. But I\ndidn't think about it then. It was beyond my ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015#t=7560.0,7590.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015/transcript/30620/annotation/254","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"train of thought.\n\nSCHOENBERG: I'm going to turn over the tape.\n\nSCHOENBERG: This is the second side of the second tape of the interview with\nJanice Oettinger Rothschild Blumberg on October 14, 1989. The interviewer is Ann\nSchoenberg. We're back ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015#t=7590.0,7620.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015/transcript/30620/annotation/255","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"to what life was like in Atlanta, Georgia, for you and\nothers in the community in the late 1920's, early Thirties, when you were\ngrowing up.\n\nBLUMBERG: You were asking about what did \"nice\" Jewish women, matrons do in\nthose days with their time. If they had the education and the inclination, they\nvolunteered for such ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015#t=7620.0,7650.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015/transcript/30620/annotation/256","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"organizations as National Council of Jewish Women or\nSisterhood. The other major organizations that I can think of were not here\nthen. Hadassah was, but there were very few women among my acquaintance who\nbelonged. At that time I wasn't aware of any of them. I know that Hannah\n[Grossman] Shulhafer and Rebecca [Mathis] Gershon did belong, which was most\nunusual for ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015#t=7650.0,7680.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015/transcript/30620/annotation/257","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"German-Jewish women in those days. The ones that we knew usually\nbelonged to Sisterhood and to Council, and some, to the League of Women Voters.\nThe educated ones tried to do serious things. Most of the women played cards or\nmahjong every afternoon. When I married ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015#t=7680.0,7710.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015/transcript/30620/annotation/258","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"in 1946, I thought I was going to have\nto because my friends were doing that. I tried very hard the first summer . . .\nboth of the first summers after I married, I was pregnant. I was told very soon\nin that first summer that it was unseemly for me to . . . I was told by a member\nof the congregation who was very active in the congregation and supposedly a\ngood friend of mine and, ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015#t=7710.0,7740.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015/transcript/30620/annotation/259","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"maybe five or six years older than I (what seemed like\nanother generation at the time to me) that it was unseemly to be at the club\npool in that condition. So I had very little to do with my time other than read\nbooks. I thought, \"If I'm going to have to learn to play bridge, this would be a\ngood time to do it.\" I tried. I took lessons. We were living on the ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015#t=7740.0,7770.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015/transcript/30620/annotation/260","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"upstairs of\na duplex that was owned by our friends, the Marienthals [Stanley and Evelyn],\nwho also lived downstairs. Evie Marienthal would invite me into her mahjong game\nevery now and then for me to watch. I really couldn't do it. I just finally gave\nup on it. I will never forget Evie, may she rest in peace, looking at me just\nexasperated and saying, \"But Janice, what are you going to do with your time?\"\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015#t=7770.0,7800.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015/transcript/30620/annotation/261","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Or, \"What are you going to do with your life?\" You know something? I didn't\nthink it was absurd in those days.\n\nSCHOENBERG: That you had a mental block against mahjong?\n\nBLUMBERG: I couldn't do it. I said, \"I don't know. I guess being a rabbi's wife,\nI'll stay busy. There'll be things that I'll need to do.\" She was dead serious.\n\nSCHOENBERG: You were serious in your response.\n\nBLUMBERG: Yes. I couldn't do it. I felt ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015#t=7800.0,7830.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015/transcript/30620/annotation/262","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that it was a perfectly serious\nresponse, and not at all worthy of being sarcastic about. It made sense. But I\ncouldn't do it. I still can't. I can play gin, not at a party or anything, but\nwith my husband. I did with the rabbi. My present husband isn't all that crazy\nabout it. I haven't played in years. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015#t=7830.0,7860.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015/transcript/30620/annotation/263","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Once when we got stuck at an airport for a\nvery, very long time, we played. I beat him because Rabbi Rothschild was a very\ngood card player, and he taught me to be a reasonably good gin player. But I\nnever enjoyed doing it with anybody else. If we were just wasting time, I could\nenjoy it and concentrate on it for maybe 15 minutes, at the most. But ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015#t=7860.0,7890.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015/transcript/30620/annotation/264","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I'll never\nbe a card player.\n\nSCHOENBERG: You were an only child?\n\nBLUMBERG: Yes.\n\nSCHOENBERG: Your mother had been an only child? You have two [children]. Did you\nnot want your own children to be only children?\n\nBLUMBERG: Absolutely. I feel very sorry for my grandson, as he is . . . even if\nthey have more children, he still has been raised as an only child.\n\nSCHOENBERG: Because he's old enough now.\n\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015#t=7890.0,7920.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015/transcript/30620/annotation/265","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"BLUMBERG: I felt that it was a very . . . I always wanted an older brother.\n\nSCHOENBERG: It's hard to get one once you're born.\n\nBLUMBERG: That's very true. I will say, I have reached the stage where I very\nmuch appreciate having chosen the right ancestors. You don't really have very\nmuch to say about that, either. When I think ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015#t=7920.0,7950.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015/transcript/30620/annotation/266","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"about the teeth and the hair, and\nall of the things that my friends at this stage are having problems with, I\nthink, \"They didn't have an older brother for me, but they sure had good genes.\"\n\nSCHOENBERG: It's a shame they didn't pass them to more people, that's all.\n\nBLUMBERG: Yes, that's true. Shame I didn't. I'm beginning to regret that myself.\n\nSCHOENBERG: Tell me more about your mother. Obviously, she must have been . . .\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015#t=7950.0,7980.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015/transcript/30620/annotation/267","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"though she was somewhat preoccupied by her need to bring some money into the\nfamily coffers . . . Nonetheless she must have been a real pillar of the\ncommunity. What was life like with her?\n\nBLUMBERG: Wild. She wasn't a pillar of the community. She really wasn't. When\nyou say community you better define it . . .\n\nSCHOENBERG: . . . I am talking, ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015#t=7980.0,8010.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015/transcript/30620/annotation/268","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"first of all, the Jewish community.\n\nBLUMBERG: She was totally out of it.\n\nSCHOENBERG: Why?\n\nBLUMBERG: I think it was a combination of how she was raised, and then the\ninfluence of my paternal grandfather, which was very Universalist. I have a\nfeeling that if they had lived in Boston, I probably would not have been raised\nas a Jew. I would have known I was Jewish, but I might have been sent ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015#t=8010.0,8040.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015/transcript/30620/annotation/269","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"to an\nethical culture Sunday school, or something like that.\n\nSCHOENBERG: Has that whole family fallen away from Judaism?\n\nBLUMBERG: No, they haven't. There's not that much of a family. There are my two\nfirst cousins. They've never had any really close connection, insofar as you\nwould need to have to feel part of the community. Their ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015#t=8040.0,8070.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015/transcript/30620/annotation/270","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"disorientation, I don't\nthink stems from the same thing that my mother's side of the family, and\ntherefore mine, because they were the ones who influenced my upbringing. They\nwere disoriented, I think, as a result of Classical Reform Judaism ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015#t=8070.0,8100.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015/transcript/30620/annotation/271","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and [were]\nisolated in that way. The other side of my family, I think it was the\nUniversalist, idealist, Bostonian syndrome. As I understand it, my\ngreat-grandfather got angry with the congregation that he had helped to found\nand got out of it. I don't even know that they ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015#t=8100.0,8130.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015/transcript/30620/annotation/272","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"belonged to a congregation during\nmy father's upbringing. It was just kind of [like] belonging to the Mushroom\nPicker's Society kind of thing. They did [belong] . . . my grandfather . . .\nthat was on a totally different plane.\n\nSCHOENBERG: The lack of real understanding of Judaism, or ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015#t=8130.0,8160.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015/transcript/30620/annotation/273","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"a firm grounding in\nJewish education, was that what was lacking . . . ?\n\nBLUMBERG: Absolutely.\n\nSCHOENBERG: . . . because of the Classical Reform syndrome?\n\nBLUMBERG: Not just the Classical Reform. You could both believe in Classical\nReform and be well grounded in it, and be in the kind of position in that\ncommunity that would keep you very much tied to ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015#t=8160.0,8190.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015/transcript/30620/annotation/274","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"the community. This did not\nhappen with my parents. I guess because when they came to Atlanta . . . Columbus\nhad a very small German-Jewish community. They thought of themselves as part of\nthe total community. Even though they had organizations like the Century Club\nand the Sisterhood, and they ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015#t=8190.0,8220.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015/transcript/30620/annotation/275","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"belonged to a congregation . . . although this is\nanother thing . . . my grandfather was on the board of the Temple in Columbus at\nthe time they decided to fire my great-grandfather. They did not invite my\ngrandfather to that meeting, out of consideration for him. He was so angry and\nso . . .\n\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015#t=8220.0,8250.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015/transcript/30620/annotation/276","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"SCHOENBERG: . . . incensed . . .\n\nBLUMBERG: . . . incensed and insulted, that they would feel that because this\nwas his father-in-law that they were talking about that he couldn't make an\nunbiased judgment, which of course he couldn't have. But he thought he could\nhave. He was so angry with them, not for firing his father-in-law, but for not\ninviting him, that he walked out of the whole place. My mother didn't have any\nreal Jewish upbringing either you see, as a result of that. Although the\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015#t=8250.0,8280.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015/transcript/30620/annotation/277","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"identity with who she was . . . even that in a small town where you're part of\nthe WASP [White Anglo-Saxon Protestant] community, while they weren't really a\npart of it, they had close friends within it . . .\n\nSCHOENBERG: They had intellectual ties with them because of . . .\n\nBLUMBERG: . . . their friends and their neighbors. It was a small, friendly\ntown, Southern community. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015#t=8280.0,8310.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015/transcript/30620/annotation/278","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"They felt part of that community. When Mother came\nhere to live . . . I say mother as if I didn't have a father. I certainly did,\nbut the poor guy never really opened his mouth. Mother came to Atlanta with\nconnections of Reb Gershon and Hannah Shulhafer, these friends that she had\neither known at college, or ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015#t=8310.0,8340.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015/transcript/30620/annotation/279","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"through one of them. Josephine [Joel] Heyman. These\nwere her friends. Her relatives . . . Alene Fox Uhry, was a lot younger than\nmother. I don't was married . . . in fact, I know she wasn't married when my\nparents first came.\n\nSCHOENBERG: What year did they come to Atlanta?\n\nBLUMBERG: In 1924, or maybe 1923.\n\nSCHOENBERG: Just before you were born.\n\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015#t=8340.0,8370.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015/transcript/30620/annotation/280","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"BLUMBERG: Just before I was born. Mother had these relatives . . . the Haases .\n. .\n\nSCHOENBERG: . . . the Guthmans . . .\n\nBLUMBERG: Yes. They were nice to my parents . . . particularly close friends\nthat my great-grandmother, through this activity that she was in, retained\nmutual close friendships with Cissy [Clara Rosenfeld] Sommerfield. Does this\nname mean ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015#t=8370.0,8400.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015/transcript/30620/annotation/281","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"anything? Clara.\n\nSCHOENBERG: Yes.\n\nBLUMBERG: She was founder of the Council. She and my great-grandmother were\nvery, very close friends. Who else?\n\nSCHOENBERG: They had significant . . .\n\nBLUMBERG: They were wonderful to my parents. It seems almost ludicrous now, but\nthe Kaisers . . . Matt Kaiser ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015#t=8400.0,8430.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015/transcript/30620/annotation/282","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":". . . the Kaiser family were close friends with my\nfamily in those days. They actually turned Catholic or something. There were\ntwins . . . brother and sister twins. I know that the sister converted to\nCatholicism. I think the brother did, too. He was married to a Catholic. His\ndaughter, Frances, grew up and was in school with me. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015#t=8430.0,8460.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015/transcript/30620/annotation/283","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Her mother was a born\nCatholic and so was she, and very devout. The sister married a Schwab. Her\nchildren are . . . one of them is more or less Jewish now. The one that is\n[Jewish] is really a terrific person. Not that the other one isn't. I just don't\nknow her as well. This is Nancy Pendergrast, the other daughter, has been a\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015#t=8460.0,8490.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015/transcript/30620/annotation/284","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"wonderful addition to the Atlanta community, but certainly is not Jewish . . .\nhas no concept of being, as liberal and open-minded as she is.\n\nSCHOENBERG: Southern cross . . .\n\nBLUMBERG: Yes. Getting back to the reason I started to mention them was that\nthese families, who were very close to my family on my ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015#t=8490.0,8520.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015/transcript/30620/annotation/285","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"grandparents' level, when\nmy parents moved here, they welcomed them. They were very kind and lovely to\nthem. Yet gradually, because of the difference in age, and a growing difference\nin economic conditions, all of this meant that by the time I came along and was\nold enough to be aware of anything, my mother really was not part of anything.\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015#t=8520.0,8550.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015/transcript/30620/annotation/286","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"She had these Jewish friends, but she certainly was not part of the Jewish\ncommunity. By that time, she had gotten this fixation with Hugh Hodgson. In\norder to help him as a secretary, she sang in the St. Luke's choir. When I was\nfive or six years old, and getting ready to go to Sunday school, the present\nTemple was just being built. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015#t=8550.0,8580.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015/transcript/30620/annotation/287","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"The other one was on the other side of town, and it\nwas very inconvenient. Mother found the whole idea of having to take me to two\ndifferent places . . . to one place, and then go someplace else on Sunday\nmorning, was terrible. I guess she learned from my father's family, the\nUniversalists, that we all worship one G-d. So mother gave me my choice of where\nI wanted to go. My great-grandmother, fortunately for me, ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015#t=8580.0,8610.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015/transcript/30620/annotation/288","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"for my progeny, heard\nof this before I made a decision. She bribed me to go to the Temple. I don't\nhave any specific memories of this myself . . .\n\nSCHOENBERG: What was the 'carrot?'\n\nBLUMBERG: Mother has told this story so many times. I remember Mother giving me\nmy choice, but I don't remember the bribe. Apparently, she offered to give me a\nnice allowance, if I would ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015#t=8610.0,8640.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015/transcript/30620/annotation/289","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"pick the Temple.\n\nSCHOENBERG: If you chose the Temple over St. Luke's?\n\nBLUMBERG: Yes. How about that?\n\nSCHOENBERG: It's interesting for a future rabbi's wife, and mother of a rabbi.\n\nBLUMBERG: Yes. This was a rabbi's wife, my great-grandmother was. She was\nhorrified, but the family just had no concept, by that time, they had no concept\nof Jewish community. It wasn't only Classical Reform that did it, it was also\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015#t=8640.0,8670.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015/transcript/30620/annotation/290","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"being in the South, and away from the kind of overwhelming Jewish community that\nwould have . . .\n\nSCHOENBERG: . . . or reinforcing . . . I would call that reinforcing that\noverwhelming . . . if you're in a community with a significant number of Jewish\npeople and institutions, it's reinforcing.\n\nBLUMBERG: In recent years, I have met, or re-met in different contexts, ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015#t=8670.0,8700.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015/transcript/30620/annotation/291","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"people\nof my generation, or perhaps a little bit older, who were staunch, even to this\nday, staunch anti-Zionists. They could not understand how I, being brought up\nthe way I was, became pro-Israel, and as identified as I feel with what goes on\nthere. Yet, they felt ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015#t=8700.0,8730.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015/transcript/30620/annotation/292","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"alienated from everything that was going on in their\ncongregations. Neither one of them lived in Atlanta. I'm sure there are people\nlike that here, too. They just didn't discuss it with me. They were people who,\nfor some reason, were kept close to the congregation. I wasn't. Even though I\nwent to Sunday school, and even though Dr. Marx patted me on the head and\nsingled me out for special attention, because I was the great-granddaughter of\nhis colleague, ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015#t=8730.0,8760.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015/transcript/30620/annotation/293","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I didn't feel part of this. The people whose families went to\nservices, for example, even in those days of Classical Reform, had this\nconnection with the Temple. It meant something to them.\n\nSCHOENBERG: It meant something different to them.\n\nBLUMBERG: It didn't mean anything to me. It really didn't.\n\nSCHOENBERG: Something you had to do on Sunday?\n\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015#t=8760.0,8790.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015/transcript/30620/annotation/294","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"BLUMBERG: No, I didn't look at it that way. It was a social thing. I don't think\nwe hated it. We didn't learn anything, either.\n\nSCHOENBERG: Did you take it seriously?\n\nBLUMBERG: No. I don't think anybody did. It was just something we did, just like\ngoing to school.\n\nSCHOENBERG: What was it like going to Sunday school? You said you didn't learn\nanything. What were you supposed to be ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015#t=8790.0,8820.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015/transcript/30620/annotation/295","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"doing? Were there volunteer teachers or\npaid teachers?\n\nBLUMBERG: I think they were volunteers . . . I'm quite sure they were. Some of\nthem . . .\n\nSCHOENBERG: Did they know anything about Jewishness and Judaism and Jewish history?\n\nBLUMBERG: I'm sure some of them did. The ones that I remember in my adulthood,\nwhere I really thought about that, were undoubtedly brought up by Dr. Marx in\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015#t=8820.0,8850.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015/transcript/30620/annotation/296","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Classical Reform and knew very little. They never really got beyond . . . I\ndon't remember getting beyond biblical history in Sunday school. Although we\nbrought in current events, which meant that you grabbed the Southern Israelite\non your way out of the house. In the car on the way over you were tearing out an\narticle. There was absolutely nothing between the Fall of Jerusalem [in 586 BCE]\n. . . in fact, I don't even remember getting that far.\n\nSCHOENBERG: In 1938 . . .\n\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015#t=8850.0,8880.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015/transcript/30620/annotation/297","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"BLUMBERG: I don't remember getting beyond the Fall of . . . I don't remember\ngetting that far. I remember the early Bible stories, the ones that are . . .\n\nSCHOENBERG: . . . Joshua and Jonah and the whale . . .\n\nBLUMBERG: . . . vaguely something about Hannah and her sons. It was a total disaster.\n\nSCHOENBERG: How many years did you go to Sunday school? You said you were about\nfive or six ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015#t=8880.0,8910.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015/transcript/30620/annotation/298","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"when you started?\n\nBLUMBERG: Yes.\n\nSCHOENBERG: I guess you didn't . . . did you do the holiday cycle?\n\nBLUMBERG: Not as many holidays as we have today.\n\nSCHOENBERG: Funny how that should happen that way.\n\nBLUMBERG: Yes. I'm not referring to Israel Independence Day. Not even counting\nthat one. We did know something about the Maccabees. We did know about Esther.\n\nSCHOENBERG: Did you do anything about it ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015#t=8910.0,8940.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015/transcript/30620/annotation/299","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"at home?\n\nBLUMBERG: Absolutely nothing at home. Once, my father . . . I don't think my\nmother went along . . . took me to a public seder at the Temple. That was the\nonly seder I ever went to until starting having them . . . or until I married\nbecause for many years we didn't have our own: seder was at the Temple. We were\ntold about lighting the candles on Friday night, ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015#t=8940.0,8970.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015/transcript/30620/annotation/300","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"but nobody did it.\n\nSCHOENBERG You never went to services on Shabbat?\n\nBLUMBERG: Once or twice I remember I went with Reb Gershon.\n\nSCHOENBERG: You never said Kaddish for relatives?\n\nBLUMBERG: I didn't know what Kaddish was. As a matter of fact, to this day, to\nthis day, I have to look at the book and the transliteration and read it. The\nother prayers I read in Hebrew, but I have to look at the transliteration\nbecause I ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015#t=8970.0,9000.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015/transcript/30620/annotation/301","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"get so bollixed up with it because . . .\n\nSCHOENBERG: . . . it's Aramaic . . .\n\nBLUMBERG: No, it's not that the Aramaic is that different. It's just that women\ndidn't say Kaddish. None of them said it. As I remember, the rabbi read the Kaddish.\n\nSCHOENBERG: And if you had yahrzeit you stood up.\n\nBLUMBERG: You stood, but that was it.\n\nSCHOENBERG: You didn't say it. You just stood up?\n\nBLUMBERG: I suppose the men who knew it said it. The women didn't know it and\ndidn't say it. I don't remember ever ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015#t=9000.0,9030.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015/transcript/30620/annotation/302","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"standing up. I must have after my father\ndied, but I just don't even remember that . . . even in Rabbi Rothschild's day.\nHe was brought up in Classical Reform. The big thing that made a difference with\nhim was that he knew he was Jewish. His job, as he saw it, was to teach Judaism.\nThe things we might consider ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015#t=9030.0,9060.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015/transcript/30620/annotation/303","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Zionist . . . or \"going back to Orthodoxy\" or all\nthese tags that people put on things . . . were really in his mind just teaching\nthe congregation to be Jewish. He himself was very much in the mold of the way\nClassical Reform was taught in a community where they really retained Jewishness.\n\nSCHOENBERG: What was the distinction? ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015#t=9060.0,9090.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015/transcript/30620/annotation/304","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"He grew up in Pittsburgh?\n\nBLUMBERG: Yes.\n\nSCHOENBERG: What was the distinction between the way his congregation taught and\nbrought along the congregation, as opposed to the way Rabbi Marx taught and\nbrought along the congregation here at the Temple? Both of them apparently\n[were] Classical Reform and both in the same general time period.\n\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015#t=9090.0,9120.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015/transcript/30620/annotation/305","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"BLUMBERG: For one thing, both Rabbi Rothschild's rabbis when he was growing up,\nRabbi [Samuel S.] Goldenson and his uncle, who was the long-time rabbi in Kansas\nCity [Missouri] . . . [Rabbi] Sam[uel] Mayerberg, were both activist rabbis.\nThey both spoke out. Mayerberg, as a matter of fact, was called the\n'pistol-packing rabbi.' ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015#t=9120.0,9150.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015/transcript/30620/annotation/306","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"When he fought the Pendergast Machine, he had to carry a\npistol for protection. So Rabbi Rothschild had that as an inspiration. I think\nthe real difference is the concept about what was Jewish. Dr. Marx would have\nagreed with that, too.\n\nSCHOENBERG: You said he had been an activist within the community, even here in Atlanta.\n\nBLUMBERG: I really think it was ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015#t=9150.0,9180.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015/transcript/30620/annotation/307","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"the emphasis on blending into the woodwork that\nthey had in the South. First of all, it was a so much smaller community here.\nSecondly, the trauma of the Frank case made it even worse.\n\nSCHOENBERG: I was getting ready to ask you that because I had a feeling that may\nhave made a difference.\n\nBLUMBERG: I think it greatly accentuated it. It may, by the time Rabbi\nRothschild came here, or by the time ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015#t=9180.0,9210.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015/transcript/30620/annotation/308","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I grew up, even though I wasn't aware of\nit. Sure.\n\nSCHOENBERG: Everybody had run scared.\n\nBLUMBERG: Yes. It made it much worse in Atlanta. Still, you can go throughout\nthe South and you don't find many of the old families who had the same positive\nfeeling. You find some--but not many--that have the ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015#t=9210.0,9240.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015/transcript/30620/annotation/309","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"same positive feeling\ntowards being aware of what was going on among Jews in other parts of the world.\nI think it probably was to do with economics, too. Take Pittsburgh, for example,\nbecause we were talking about that. In that congregation, Rodef Shalom, there\nwere a number of very big philanthropists who, because of their ability to give,\nwere ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015#t=9240.0,9270.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015/transcript/30620/annotation/310","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"much more aware of what was going on and the needs of Jews in other parts\nof the world. Whereas here, way back at the inception of the congregation 122\nyears ago, they contributed money to terrible things that were happening to Jews\nsomeplace else. It wasn't as though by the time we got up to ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015#t=9270.0,9300.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015/transcript/30620/annotation/311","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"1920 . . . they\nweren't really . . .\n\nSCHOENBERG: . . . attuned to that . . .\n\nBLUMBERG: . . . that attuned to it. They were starting. It was the beginning of\nthe real community here. But in those days, the real community that had the real\nties to Europe and to Palestine were mostly the Eastern Europeans. This was not\ngenerally true in the North.\n\nSCHOENBERG: Was the German-Jewish ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015#t=9300.0,9330.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015/transcript/30620/annotation/312","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"population intimately involved in what\neventually became Federation? Or were those people who were early leaders of . . .\n\nBLUMBERG: . . . yes, absolutely, because they were . . . the local philanthropy\nnow . . . understand I'm talking about two different things. You take care of\nyour own ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015#t=9330.0,9360.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015/transcript/30620/annotation/313","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":". . . if you're Jewish, you take care of your own. You may not want him\nto date your daughter, but you take care of him.\n\nSCHOENBERG: This is true of the Spanish, the Sephardic group, who came, as well\nas those who came from Eastern Europe?\n\nBLUMBERG: I think so. The Sephardim wanted to keep to themselves. It's only in\nvery recent years that they have ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015#t=9360.0,9390.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015/transcript/30620/annotation/314","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"intermarried to any extent and expanded. They\nwanted to keep their own culture. As far as I know, there was always a very good\nrelationship. It was not a question of mixing or being excluded with them\nbecause it was kind of a mutual thing. They were small, closely knit . . .\n\nSCHOENBERG: They would just as soon stay small.\n\nBLUMBERG: It was a different culture, but it was a well-respected culture.\nBecause of the ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015#t=9390.0,9420.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015/transcript/30620/annotation/315","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"hordes of Eastern Europeans who came, and the terrible conditions\nthat they came from, they gave the German-Jewish community the impression of\nbeing the 'great unwashed.' They would do for them because they were Jewish, but\nthey didn't want to have anything to do with them. You can understand how this\nimpression . . . I wouldn't say it was justified . . . but how they got ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015#t=9420.0,9450.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015/transcript/30620/annotation/316","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"the\nimpression and certainly how they got it. The further away from the port cities\n. . . they got it because the people who had the most means and the most\neducation who came from Eastern Europe didn't come to Atlanta, Georgia.\nOccasionally you found people who did, but that was much later after the\nimpression was already formed. I think that when people like the Levitases, for\nexample, and others whose names I can't think of ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015#t=9450.0,9480.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015/transcript/30620/annotation/317","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"offhand, came with their\nculture, the division was already there.\n\nSCHOENBERG: In existence. . .\n\nBLUMBERG: They did come out and become community leaders. But in the meantime,\nthe people who had been the Jewish community leaders and also the liaisons were\ndefinitely the German-Jewish community. Of course, they welcomed the others, but\nby that time ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015#t=9480.0,9510.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015/transcript/30620/annotation/318","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"there was such a rift that they were not going to get together\nsocially for another two generations.\n\nSCHOENBERG: You mentioned the Eplan family earlier as being people . . .\n\nBLUMBERG: They were among the first who were really involved in the city, the\ncivic work. We use 'community' in a number of different ways. Sometimes it gets\na little blurred.\n\nSCHOENBERG: To go back to Dr. Marx and ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015#t=9510.0,9540.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015/transcript/30620/annotation/319","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"his own involvement with the general\ncommunity, one of the reasons that he had been brought into Atlanta's\nGerman-Jewish Temple as the rabbi was because of his own penchant for\ngeneralizing, or having a more socially active outlook, or general community\noutlook, right?\n\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015#t=9540.0,9570.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015/transcript/30620/annotation/320","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"BLUMBERG: No, I don't think so.\n\nSCHOENBERG: You don't think so?\n\nBLUMBERG: No. For one thing, he was American born. He was the first American\nborn that they had. It wasn't very often . . . there were not many American-born\nordained rabbis in those days.\n\nSCHOENBERG: This is was in the 1890's?\n\nBLUMBERG: In 1895. That was a big thing. But the biggest thing was that the\ncongregation had never ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015#t=9570.0,9600.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015/transcript/30620/annotation/321","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"really determined before whether it wanted to go with the\nmore traditional or . . . by that time the Classical Reform was becoming so\ndistinct that it was really alienating a lot of people that didn't agree with it.\n\nSCHOENBERG: Where did those people . . .\n\nBLUMBERG: Also, Zionism was beginning. It hadn't really started as an\ninternational movement yet, but you were beginning to hear about colonies in\nPalestine. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015#t=9600.0,9630.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015/transcript/30620/annotation/322","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"The congregation had been going back and forth, depending upon which\nway the rabbi at that particular moment wanted to lead them between one prayer\nbook . . . for example, there were different prayer books . . . and whether they\nwanted to belong to the Union. They were one of the first to join the Union of\nAmerican Hebrew Congregations. But they weren't . . . then there was a faction\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015#t=9630.0,9660.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015/transcript/30620/annotation/323","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that didn't like what was happening with the Union and didn't want that. So\nthere was all this controversy going on in the congregation. The rabbi who was\nhere at the time they chose Dr. Marx . . . he was one who had pulled them\nfurther toward traditional. There was a reaction with this. The reactionists\nwon. They wanted to plant definitely ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015#t=9660.0,9690.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015/transcript/30620/annotation/324","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"themselves firmly in the new movement of\nReform. That was the main thing: that he was American born, and he was Reform\ntrained and inclined.\n\nSCHOENBERG: Where did the others go? The ones who had not agreed with, and who\nhad objected to following the line of Dr. Marx? Certainly, once he got here it\nwas obvious . . .\n\nBLUMBERG: There wasn't any place to go.\n\nSCHOENBERG: That's why I asked.\n\nBLUMBERG: I shouldn't say that ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015#t=9690.0,9720.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015/transcript/30620/annotation/325","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"because the AA [Ahavath Achim] had started\nactually as a congregation. I don't think they had their building yet, but they\nhad started in 1887 as a congregation that met in the basement of the Temple.\nThis was not the kind of congregation that you think about today. In the days\nwhen there were only two main congregations here in Atlanta, if you ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015#t=9720.0,9750.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015/transcript/30620/annotation/326","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"got mad at\none you could go to the other. It wasn't that kind of a congregation yet in\nthose days. Whereas, one member of the Temple I know . . . [Isaac A.] Hirshberg,\nwhose descendants became so ultra-Reform . . . among the most ultra. Hirshberg\nwas one that I know of who, from the beginning of the other congregation,\nbelonged to it and affiliated. He was one of the wealthier men in this\ncongregation, so he did not resign. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015#t=9750.0,9780.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015/transcript/30620/annotation/327","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"But he was the one person who knew Hebrew.\nHe always closed his store on Shabbat and was really observant. When another\ncongregation that was traditional formed in Atlanta, he joined it. That was\nwhere his heart . . . that was where he worshipped, even though he never\nresigned from the Temple. I imagine that there were other people like that who\nwanted to, that I don't know about.\n\nSCHOENBERG: I was ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015#t=9780.0,9810.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015/transcript/30620/annotation/328","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"curious because the original Temple Benevolent Congregation\nhad this dichotomy in its earliest years . . . I wondered what had happened once\nthey planted themselves, as you say, firmly in the fold of the Classical Reform\nmovement. That must have ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015#t=9810.0,9840.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015/transcript/30620/annotation/329","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"left some people outside. Did they just fall totally\naway from Judaism? Or did they find a home at AA or Shearith Israel eventually .\n. . ?\n\nBLUMBERG: That's a good question\n\nSCHOENBERG: . . . in AA or Shearith Israel eventually. I was just curious.\n\nBLUMBERG: That's a question I really ought to know the answer to. But I don't. I\nmust try to find out. I know that in much later days when Zionism became a\nreally important ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015#t=9840.0,9870.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015/transcript/30620/annotation/330","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"life-saving philosophy, and Dr. Marx was preaching more and\nmore consistently against it, that that definitely sent some people over to\nother congregations. As I understand it . . .\n\nSCHOENBERG: In the 1930's or even later than that?\n\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015#t=9870.0,9900.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015/transcript/30620/annotation/331","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"BLUMBERG: Even earlier than that. I've heard stories about Eastern Europeans who\ncame. They went to talk to Dr. Marx, as the prominent rabbi in town, to help\nthem get settled. They were so turned off by him. One story that I heard, and I\nreally don't doubt that it's true. It was probably one of many was that he\nactually said, ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015#t=9900.0,9930.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015/transcript/30620/annotation/332","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\"You don't belong here. You belong over there. Go over there.\"\n\nSCHOENBERG: Was he senile?\n\nBLUMBERG: I don't think so. He certainly wasn't senile in 1912, or whenever it\nwas that these people were talking about. I don't think he was at all. He may\nhave been in the later years. He didn't get out at all. My husband visited him.\nAfter Rabbi Rothschild had been here and suffered for ten years and ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015#t=9930.0,9960.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015/transcript/30620/annotation/333","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Dr. Marx\nfinally made up with him. By that time he was more or less house-ridden and did\nvery little. Rabbi Rothschild visited him at home. I never asked him what he was like.\n\nSCHOENBERG: When did Rabbi Rothschild actually take over? Had Dr. Marx . . .\n\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015#t=9960.0,9990.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015/transcript/30620/annotation/334","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"BLUMBERG: From the moment he set foot in the Temple.\n\nSCHOENBERG: That's what I was trying to ask you.\n\nBLUMBERG: That was why they didn't get along because Dr. Marx didn't realize\nthat he had really retired.\n\nSCHOENBERG: That was in 1946?\n\nBLUMBERG: Yes. Anybody less tenacious and less strong . . .\n\nSCHOENBERG: . . . strong-willed or strong personality or . . .\n\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015#t=9990.0,10020.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015/transcript/30620/annotation/335","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"BLUMBERG: . . . and also [not] as smart than Rabbi Rothschild, I don't think\nwould have made it. You've got to be more than bull-headed. You've got to also\nhave a really good sense of timing and discretion and . . .\n\nSCHOENBERG: . . . know how to handle it all . . .\n\nBLUMBERG: . . . before you can really hang in there. I guess this was good\npractice for the civil rights problems, once he had honed his talents ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015#t=10020.0,10050.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015/transcript/30620/annotation/336","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"on just\nstaying above water here at the Temple with that situation he probably . . .\n\nSCHOENBERG: Was there a considerably large faction at the Temple that really\nopposed Rabbi Rothschild though? I'm talking about his coming in, not his\nattitudes later, or anything else.\n\nBLUMBERG: Oh, no. I think they were delighted . . .\n\nSCHOENBERG: Surely they must have realized. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015#t=10050.0,10080.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015/transcript/30620/annotation/337","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Dr. Marx was very elderly.\n\nBLUMBERG: No, no. The opposition didn't start until after he got here. Dr. Marx,\nI think, was really fomenting it. I shouldn't blame it all on him because\nwhereas he . . . this happens in any congregation. I think it would have . . .\neven to some extent it did happen here after Rabbi Rothschild died. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015#t=10080.0,10110.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015/transcript/30620/annotation/338","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I couldn't\nsneak into Loehmann's [department store] without finding . . . several years\nafter I married without . . . and didn't live in Atlanta anymore . . . having\nsomebody come up [to me]. After the initial greeting and \"I'm so glad to see\nyou,\" they would start talking about Rabbi [Alvin] Sugarman, and how he wasn't\nas good a preacher. All I could say and I really did say this. I just couldn't\nresist saying it. Whenever anybody said to me, ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015#t=10110.0,10140.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015/transcript/30620/annotation/339","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\"He can't speak like Rabbi\nRothschild did.\" So help me I said it, \"It's too bad you didn't take more\nadvantage of that when you had Rabbi Rothschild.\" People just like to talk. If\nthe old rabbi is not deceased but is still around . . . you can't help . . .\nretirement . . . everybody knows this happens with ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015#t=10140.0,10170.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015/transcript/30620/annotation/340","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"any kind of retirement.\n\nSCHOENBERG: Any business.\n\nBLUMBERG: Yes. You get your dander up and you get hurt. I got hurt. After Rabbi\nRothschild died, unfortunately, big mouth enough, then I spoke to the proper\npeople directly. I got over it. This is a syndrome of retirement. If the person\n. . .\n\nSCHOENBERG: It's hard to let go.\n\nBLUMBERG: Yes. If that person is still around, ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015#t=10170.0,10200.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015/transcript/30620/annotation/341","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"it's easy to understand . . . the\nflattery is wonderful. You start to believe it, because you desperately need to\nbelieve it. Of course, nobody is completely faultless. I'm sure that there were\nthings that Rabbi Rothschild did that were offensive . . . would have been\noffensive to anybody. He had a very brusque personality. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015#t=10200.0,10230.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015/transcript/30620/annotation/342","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"You don't always see\neverybody in a crowd and speak to everybody. Not because you don't like that\nperson, but because you just didn't see him. There were lots of things that\noffended people. This gathered and it was a great big storm that gathered. They\ndid almost got rid of him.\n\nSCHOENBERG: Did they?\n\nBLUMBERG: Yes. As a matter of fact, we used to joke about it at the time. That's\nthe only thing to do. You either laugh or cry, so we laughed. But we ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015#t=10230.0,10260.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015/transcript/30620/annotation/343","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"felt they\nwere too lethargic about giving . . . spending money or doing anything. That\nthey didn't really care that much about the Temple to make a change . . . even a\nchange they wanted to make. They were smart enough to know what it would have\nentailed for them.\n\nSCHOENBERG: It was either too much work or too much money. They weren't willing\nto invest either one?\n\nBLUMBERG: That's exactly right. So we would sort of joke about it. It evidently\nhappened that way. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015#t=10260.0,10290.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015/transcript/30620/annotation/344","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Eventually, you survive.\n\nSCHOENBERG: This is Ann Hoffman Schoenberg interviewing Janice Oettinger\nRothschild Blumberg on February 25, 1994, in Atlanta, Georgia, for the Jewish\nOral History Project of Atlanta, as co-sponsored by the American Jewish\nCommittee, the Atlanta Jewish Federation, and the National Council of Jewish\nWomen. This is the third ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015#t=10290.0,10320.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015/transcript/30620/annotation/345","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"tape in a series of tapes that were begun back in 1989.\nThis is the first side. We were going over some clarification of Janice's family\nhistory. I decided that maybe we better do this on the tape. This is\nclarification primarily from the second tape which was done in October 1989.\nThere was some confusion in my mind, ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015#t=10320.0,10350.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015/transcript/30620/annotation/346","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and therefore I thought we ought to at\nleast do this on the tape as we try to clarify it so it will hopefully be clear\nto scholars in the future. There was a block of information concerning Janice's\nmother's mother's family. That was the Weil family who came to the United States\nin the 1840's from Alsace and ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015#t=10350.0,10380.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015/transcript/30620/annotation/347","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Darmstadt [Germany], correct?\n\nBLUMBERG: Yes, except that you missed a generation or two.\n\nSCHOENBERG: We went on back . . . you're talking about going back to the 1840's\n. . .\n\nBLUMBERG: The ones who emigrated were the great-grandparents of my mother.\n\nSCHOENBERG: Eventually they were related to the Herman Haases?\n\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015#t=10380.0,10410.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015/transcript/30620/annotation/348","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"BLUMBERG: Yes.\n\nSCHOENBERG: Would you explain the relationship because it relates to how they\nended up in Atlanta, Georgia.\n\nBLUMBERG: Mrs. Herman Haas . . . it's 'has' by the way, in Atlanta it's 'has' .\n. . and my great-great-grandfather, Moses Weil, ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015#t=10410.0,10440.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015/transcript/30620/annotation/349","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"were sister and brother. That's it.\n\nSCHOENBERG: They came south because . . . ?\n\nBLUMBERG: I guess because business beckoned. They came in through the port of\nPhiladelphia [Pennsylvania]. They stopped for a while there, as many immigrants\ndid there. Then because there was this brother and his family in Evansville,\nIndiana. I think there were two children at ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015#t=10440.0,10470.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015/transcript/30620/annotation/350","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that time in the Haas family. They\nwent there [to Indiana] so the Haas gentleman could safely leave his family with\nfamily while he went out and peddled, and earned enough to get some place where\nhe could do better. Then they went south. There's a wonderful narrative, which\nI'm sure that the archives must have. The Haas' son, Aaron Haas, ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015#t=10470.0,10500.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015/transcript/30620/annotation/351","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"wrote about his\nown memory of coming south. That's how I know about it. When my\ngreat-grandfather, the son-in-law of this couple I'm talking about, wanted a\npulpit in Atlanta or South or somewhere, these relatives were living in Atlanta.\nThey were prominent members of the Jewish community and brought him here. That\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015#t=10500.0,10530.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015/transcript/30620/annotation/352","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"was the beginning.\n\nSCHOENBERG: That rabbi's name?\n\nBLUMBERG: They called him 'Alphabet' Browne. His name was Edward Benjamin Morris\nBrowne. He had a number of degrees that he put afterwards: LLD, DD, MD. He was\nknown in the trade as 'Alphabet' Browne ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015#t=10530.0,10560.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015/transcript/30620/annotation/353","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":". . . People mistake the history of my\nfamily sometimes by thinking that we started in Atlanta then. We did. But my\nparticular ancestors were only here for those four years that he was rabbi at\nthe Temple. Then they left. My mother was born in Columbus, Georgia. Her parents\nnever left Columbus, Georgia. My own parents . . . nobody really ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015#t=10560.0,10590.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015/transcript/30620/annotation/354","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"settled in\nAtlanta in my family until just before I was born in 1924. We're not really an\nold Atlanta family.\n\nSCHOENBERG: But you're an old Georgia family?\n\nBLUMBERG: Yes . . .\n\nSCHOENBERG: You have deep roots in . . .\n\nBLUMBERG: . . . from my grandfather's family in Macon.\n\nSCHOENBERG: That's your mother's father's family?\n\nBLUMBERG: That's right.\n\nSCHOENBERG: They were Goldbergs, originally?\n\nBLUMBERG: No, they were Waxelbaums. Mr. Goldberg . . . I don't know very much\nabout him. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015#t=10590.0,10620.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015/transcript/30620/annotation/355","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"My great-grandmother was widowed with a small child. You know how\nmarriages were arranged. She was probably not in Oswego [New York], but\nsomewhere near there like Syracuse or someplace like that in New York State.\nBecause of family connections . . . that's too long to go into now and I'm not\nthat accurate on it without looking at my notes . . . but I did ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015#t=10620.0,10650.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015/transcript/30620/annotation/356","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"trace it at one\ntime . . . there was a relative Goldberg who had a store in Oswego which is a\nport on the lake [Lake Ontario]. A marriage was arranged.\n\nSCHOENBERG: A shidduch?\n\nBLUMBERG: Yes. She stayed there. Then something happened to the city of Oswego\nduring that time when she was having her four children with great-grandfather\nGoldberg. The family, as did most of the other Jews ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015#t=10650.0,10680.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015/transcript/30620/annotation/357","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and many non-Jews, moved\nout. Our family moved to Rochester [New York]. When great-grandfather Goldberg\ndied and left her with all of these children, she went home to her family. I\ndon't think this had ever been her home. I think her family emigrated and came\ndirectly to Macon. She had not been to Macon until this happened. She brought\nthe whole family down. That's when we started in Georgia.\n\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015#t=10680.0,10710.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015/transcript/30620/annotation/358","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"SCHOENBERG: At the time she came, most of her relatives were the Waxelbaums? Was\nthat her maiden name?\n\nBLUMBERG: This was her family name, yes. Marian and Gus Kaufmann . . . Marian\nWaxelbaum Kaufmann in Macon have done a very interesting family history of these\nseven sisters and brothers who emigrated from Furth, Germany [German: Fürth] at\nthe same time, but they went different places. One of them was my\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015#t=10710.0,10740.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015/transcript/30620/annotation/359","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"great-great-grandmother. That's how that branch of the family got to Macon.\n\nSCHOENBERG: Your own mother . . . she was born . . . ?\n\nBLUMBERG: In 1901 in Columbus [Georgia].\n\nSCHOENBERG: In Columbus. She went to Smith College, correct?\n\nBLUMBERG: For a very short time. She left to get married. She finished up at\nBoston University, but she would always have said that she went to Smith. She\nleaves the rest of it out. She was a loyal Smith devotee.\n\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015#t=10740.0,10770.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015/transcript/30620/annotation/360","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"SCHOENBERG: That's where we're going to start. We're going to start with your\nown history . . . I think we've pretty much cleaned that part up. I was very\nconfused about that, and I figured anybody who was listening to the tape would\nbe just as confused, because we were skipping back and forth and not using\nfamily names. I couldn't follow ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015#t=10770.0,10800.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015/transcript/30620/annotation/361","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"which great-great grandfather and on which side\n. . . anyway, enough of all of those ancient relatives. Let's get on to you.\nWhat was it like growing up in Atlanta?\n\nBLUMBERG: I'm not sure that what it was like for me was what it was like for my\npeers. Two factors made things a little bit different for me. One was that I was\nan only child, without any . . . ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015#t=10800.0,10830.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015/transcript/30620/annotation/362","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"not just siblings . . . but cousins or anybody\nelse around. The other thing was that whereas my grandparents [David and Lylah\nGoldberg] were comfortably fixed . . . not wealthy at all, [but] comfortably\nfixed in Columbus. They sort of watched out for us. In addition to not being a\ngood businessman, my father was trying to start a business with my grandfather's\nbacking in Atlanta. Then the ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015#t=10830.0,10860.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015/transcript/30620/annotation/363","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"[Great] Depression hit. Here we were, related to\nthese top Atlanta families. The ones that we weren't really related to had been\ngood friends of my grandmother's in her youth. We felt as if we were part of the\nelite, but we weren't really because we didn't have any money. It's really hard\nto describe it. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015#t=10860.0,10890.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015/transcript/30620/annotation/364","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"The antisemitism of the day was such that I didn't know it\nexisted. In retrospect, when I got a little bit older and wiser, I realized that\na lot of the things I thought were because I thought I was unattractive . . .\nand all the things that adolescents think about themselves, there was also the\nfact that we couldn't afford some of the things that the other kids had. Instead\nof being taken to the beach for vacations, ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015#t=10890.0,10920.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015/transcript/30620/annotation/365","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and all those good things, I was sent\ndown to be with my grandparents in Columbus for every vacation. It was pleasant\nbeing spoiled as the only grandchild of an elderly family in downtown when all\nthe other young people lived [further] out. They were too snobbish to let me\nplay with little dirty bare-footed kids who lived nearby in town. There was one\nother Jewish family ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015#t=10920.0,10950.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015/transcript/30620/annotation/366","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"with a youngster. We were good friends . . . who used to\nlive downtown.\n\nSCHOENBERG: Who was that?\n\nBLUMBERG: The Loeb family. Morris Loeb. His son, Morris, still lives there.\nBetty, the daughter, was my age. The last time I heard from her was many, many\nyears ago. She was living in Pittsburgh. We were friends, and yet it was still\nvery lonely. There was one other . . . This is interesting . . . the Rothschild\nfamily ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015#t=10950.0,10980.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015/transcript/30620/annotation/367","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"was a very prominent family in Columbus. Our families had been friends\nfor several generations. In my generation, there were lots of sons who lived\nthere. They were all my friends, too. But when I was still playing with paper\ndolls, the one girl in the family was from Cleveland [Ohio]. She, too, came down\nto visit her grandmother who lived downtown, a few blocks from mine. She and I\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015#t=10980.0,11010.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015/transcript/30620/annotation/368","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"got together and were good friends. [We] still are, except that we rarely see\neach other. The odd thing is, we were the two most unlikely people anywhere to\nhave married rabbis. Both of us did.\n\nSCHOENBERG: What was her name?\n\nBLUMBERG: Her name then was Dorothy Mathis [sp]. She's now Mrs. Paul Goren [sp]\nof Canton, Ohio. You never can tell where you end up. You asked me what it was\nlike growing up. It was very segregated. I don't mean ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015#t=11010.0,11040.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015/transcript/30620/annotation/369","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"only black and white. It\nwas very segregated Jewishly. My favorite story about how segregated it was\nreally pertained to my mother. The same thing happened in Atlanta. When I was a\nteenager, I became very close friends with then Blanche Goldstein [sp]. She's\nBlanche Ross [sp] now. They had just moved to Atlanta. Her mother and my mother\nwere getting acquainted one day, and both discovered they ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015#t=11040.0,11070.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015/transcript/30620/annotation/370","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"had both been born in\nColumbus, Georgia. They were approximately the same age. Columbus, Georgia,\nisn't a big place now, but it was much smaller then. I'm talking about 1910 or 1912.\n\nSCHOENBERG: There couldn't have been many Jewish families.\n\nBLUMBERG: They had never heard of each other's family. I don't mean just that\nthey weren't friends. They didn't know the other [family] existed. That went for\nMrs. Goldstein, as well as for my mother. That's how segregated things were.\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015#t=11070.0,11100.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015/transcript/30620/annotation/371","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Thank goodness all that has changed. But it made for an unrealistic look at\nlife. People were too polite to have non-Jews, at least in the group that I went\nto. I lived in Druid Hills. I went to Druid Hills grade school and [Druid Hills]\nhigh [school]. It was all in the same building. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015#t=11100.0,11130.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015/transcript/30620/annotation/372","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"The non-Jews that I knew were\nfriendly. We never felt that there was any discrimination, but there was.\nLooking back on it, we can see that it wasn't just that we were ugly, or we\ndidn't have this or we didn't have that. It was a definite line there, even\nthough we had very good friends when we were small.\n\nSCHOENBERG: Where did you live exactly?\n\nBLUMBERG: That was another thing. I lived in sort of an odd place. Not where\nmost of the Jewish kids lived. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015#t=11130.0,11160.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015/transcript/30620/annotation/373","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I lived at 2243 East Lake Road. It is between a\nsingle-gauge railroad track and Oakhurst where there's a double one. The house\nis still there. There were one or two Jewish families that lived in the\nvicinity, but they were older people. One of them had a daughter roughly my age,\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015#t=11160.0,11190.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015/transcript/30620/annotation/374","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"a little bit older, whom I got to know as an older person.\n\nSCHOENBERG: Use names.\n\nBLUMBERG: The Loebs. Carolyn was her first name. We were not friends as kids. We\nknew each other later, but she was enough older than I so that we . . . Then the\nSamuels, an elderly couple, Clara . . . I can't think of his first name . . . he\nwas a well-known laundry owner . . . Sig[fried] Samuels, ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015#t=11190.0,11220.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015/transcript/30620/annotation/375","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Sig and Clara Samuels.\nThey were good friends of my grandparents. They lived a few blocks down on Ponce\nde Leon [Avenue] closer to . . . no, it was East Lake Road right close to where\nit forked into Ponce de Leon. Most of my Jewish crowd . . . a few lived in town.\n[Most] lived in single-family homes. A few also lived at ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015#t=11220.0,11250.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015/transcript/30620/annotation/376","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"1050 Ponce de Leon,\nwhich has been called the 'Briarcliff Hotel' for about as long as I can remember.\n\nSCHOENBERG: It's right across from the Plaza Drug.\n\nBLUMBERG: Yes. It was a residential hotel. An 'apartment hotel,' they used to\ncall them. Some of the families lived there. Some lived on Briarcliff [Road],\nnot too far from Ponce de Leon. One family that I was friendly with lived out\nhere on Chatham Road. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015#t=11250.0,11280.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015/transcript/30620/annotation/377","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"That was the Weinbergs, Sonia Weinberg Schwartz. The\nothers . . . the great group of my mother's friends and their children lived in\nthe section of Druid Hills that is on and around North Decatur Road, Oakdale\n[Road], and Springdale [Road]. I think one or two were on Lullwater Road, Oxford\n[Road], ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015#t=11280.0,11310.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015/transcript/30620/annotation/378","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and Harvard [Road]. That was the neighborhood.\n\nSCHOENBERG: Who were your special friends, other than the ones you've mentioned\nalready? Whose birthday parties did you go to when you were a little kid?\n\nBLUMBERG: I don't really remember that accurately. My mother was an odd one, a\nmaverick, when it came to her special friends. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015#t=11310.0,11340.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015/transcript/30620/annotation/379","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"She spent most of her time with\nthe musical theatrical group that wasn't Jewish.\n\nSCHOENBERG: Tell me about that.\n\nBLUMBERG: Her Jewish friends that she liked and felt comfortable with were\nNational Council of Jewish Women leaders. They were Reb Gershon, Hannah\n[Grossman] Shulhafer, Josephine [Joel] Heyman, ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015#t=11340.0,11370.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015/transcript/30620/annotation/380","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Doris [Marks] Ferst, who's Alvin\nFerst's mother. She didn't spend a lot of time with them. Also, she was very\nfriendly with Betty Lowenstein, Mrs. Max Lowenstein. When Max died when we were\nall small kids, eventually Betty remarried and they moved away. I remember\nspending a lot of time with young Betty Lowenstein. Bill Lowenstein, her\nbrother, moved back to Atlanta ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015#t=11370.0,11400.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015/transcript/30620/annotation/381","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and presumably he still lives here. I know that I\nwent to [Betty's] birthday parties. I remember . . . my mother was not friendly\nparticularly with them or at all that I can think of. My grandmother's closest\nfriend was Nettie Elsas Phillips. Her daughter lived in New York. She was\nmarried to a ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015#t=11400.0,11430.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015/transcript/30620/annotation/382","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"man by the name of Barnett, and their two children were Phil\nBarnett and Freddie. He lives in Atlanta, or did last time I heard about him.\nThey had a sister, Nan, who was approximately my age. I do remember when they\ncame to visit, I'd go over to play with her. The girls . . . we had a Lucky\nThirteen Club. Those in the Lucky Thirteen Club were Sonia Weinberg Schwartz ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015#t=11430.0,11460.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015/transcript/30620/annotation/383","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":". .\n. Another family, the only other one that I can think of that was as impecunious\nas we were, but started out in this crowd and remained in the crowd, was Laura\nHope Asher . . . she's Benator now. You must know Gene [Eugene] Asher and Buddy.\nWhen I was born . . . the first few months of my life my parents lived on Blue\nRidge Avenue, very near ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015#t=11460.0,11490.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015/transcript/30620/annotation/384","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"what was Forrest Avenue. I think its Ralph McGill\nBoulevard now. They lived on Forrest not far from Blue Ridge. The story was that\nLaura Hope and I were best friends from infancy, because our mothers used to\npush us in the same carriage. I do remember going over to her house to play a\ngreat deal.\n\nSCHOENBERG: Was she part of the German-Jewish crowd?\n\nBLUMBERG: Absolutely. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015#t=11490.0,11520.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015/transcript/30620/annotation/385","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"The Depression probably left them worse off than we were.\nThey moved from one place to another. We were still part of the crowd. The\ndividing line was ancestors, not money. We were all still part of a crowd, but\nas we got older we didn't do the same things if we couldn't afford to do them.\n\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015#t=11520.0,11550.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015/transcript/30620/annotation/386","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"SCHOENBERG: What about your group of 13?\n\nBLUMBERG: I'm trying to think if Hopie was part of it. Shirley Massell Solomon\nwho lives in Savannah now. Sonia [Weinberg Schwartz] I've already mentioned . .\n. Barbara Fox Levy, and Carlyn Feldman [Abram] Fisher. She's ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015#t=11550.0,11580.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015/transcript/30620/annotation/387","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"the one that I'm\nstill close friends with. Who else? Helen Weil Haas, who lives in Memphis now,\nand Marjorie Bloom Leffran [sp], I think is her married name. She lives in\nChicago. Connie Jacobus . . . it was Seligman [sp]. I know they changed it, but\nI'm not quite sure to what. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015#t=11580.0,11610.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015/transcript/30620/annotation/388","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Selig [sp] or something like that. That's eight and\nmyself, that's nine. I've got four more to go. There was Marian Rosenberg. I\nforget who she married. She was part of it, too. I think maybe her father was\nthe brother of Dr. [Herbert J.] Rosenberg [Sr.] who was the Jewish doctor in town.\n\nSCHOENBERG: Was he an internist or a GP [General Practitioner]?\n\nBLUMBERG: He was a GP. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015#t=11610.0,11640.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015/transcript/30620/annotation/389","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I'll think of his first name, eventually. They just\ncalled him 'Doc'. His children were Leman, who was a little bit older than me,\nand Herbie [Herbert] who died a few years ago. Herbie was married to Elinor\n[Angel], who is now married to Bill [M. William] Breman. Carol, who was Carol\nLoeb, lives in Montgomery [Alabama]. They were all older than me. Leman is close\nenough ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015#t=11640.0,11670.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015/transcript/30620/annotation/390","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"to my age so that we were part of the same crowd. I'm trying to think of\nwho else was in this crowd. It's been a long, long time. Other people joined. As\nwe got to be teenagers and a few more Jewish families moved into Atlanta and\nconnected with . . .\n\nSCHOENBERG: Was there an influx . . . the years in which you were a teen\nincluded the early years of World War II when the city experienced . . .\n\nBLUMBERG: . . . honey, I just got to be 70. I'm not that old. My father didn't\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015#t=11670.0,11700.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015/transcript/30620/annotation/391","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"meet my mother until he came back from World War I.\n\nSCHOENBERG: World War II is what I'm talking about. In the early 1940's, when\nthere was an influx of population into the city of Atlanta at the beginnings of\nWorld War II because of economic growth and the soldiers and all coming down here.\n\nBLUMBERG: I'm not sure when that started. I know that it burgeoned after the\nwar. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015#t=11700.0,11730.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015/transcript/30620/annotation/392","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I'm sure that one of the reasons for the burgeoning was that so many people\ngot connected up with Atlanta by being stationed here. This happened in every\nwar. Atlanta really started because of basically the same thing happening in the\nCivil War. I was thinking of the other families. Marjorie Gross Lipman, who died\na number of years ago.\n\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015#t=11730.0,11760.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015/transcript/30620/annotation/393","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"SCHOENBERG: We were talking about families. I had just asked you about the\ninflux of new people into the community. Were there a lot of new Jewish families\nthat moved in while you were growing up?\n\nBLUMBERG: I don't think so, because the economy was depressed. But I was so far\nout of it. My parents really never discussed business. I don't think they knew\nanything about business.\n\nSCHOENBERG: What did your mother do? Did she help to ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015#t=11760.0,11790.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015/transcript/30620/annotation/394","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"supplement the family income?\n\nBLUMBERG: When she could she did. What Mother knew how to do . . . Mother was\ntrained as a concert pianist. She never expected to concertize. That was she\nknew was music. In the Depression, people couldn't really afford music lessons.\nThose who could already had their people. So it was a while before Mother caught\non as a piano teacher. After that, she did well.\n\nSCHOENBERG: Where had she trained, other than ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015#t=11790.0,11820.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015/transcript/30620/annotation/395","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"at Smith and Boston?\n\nBLUMBERG: She had intensive training as a child in Columbus. She did not try to\nget special conservatory training, since she didn't expect to use this as a\nserious profession. But that was what she knew. When she came shortly after . . .\n\nSCHOENBERG: What was your mother's first name? I don't think I ever asked you.\n\nBLUMBERG: Carolyn [Goldberg]. I guess she started taking lessons. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015#t=11820.0,11850.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015/transcript/30620/annotation/396","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Maybe that's\nhow she met Hugh Hodgson. She and Mr. Hugh became very close friends. She was\nvery friendly with his second wife . . . Jessie McKee Nunnally Hodgson. More and\nmore, my mother's associates were the people in that particular crowd who were\ndevotees of Mr. Hugh ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015#t=11850.0,11880.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015/transcript/30620/annotation/397","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and music lovers and patrons. That's when I began to sense\nthat there was such a thing in this world as antisemitism. These ladies would\ncome to our house after a concert with their gorgeous long evening gowns and\ntheir corsages of camellias . . . [it was déclassé] to wear orchids . . . the\nreal ladies in those days wore ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015#t=11880.0,11910.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015/transcript/30620/annotation/398","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"camellias. They would come and take off their\ngorgeous furs and go back in our little kitchen on East Lake Road and help my\nmother prepare the after supper, and so forth. They were truly friends. When it\ncame to their children socializing, we didn't. At first, I didn't think about\nit, because occasionally we were together and we were friendly. I don't think I\never knew . . . ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015#t=11910.0,11940.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015/transcript/30620/annotation/399","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Eleanor McRae was one of mother's good friends. She did have a\nson my age whom I knew existed. I had never met him. I did know some of the\nNunnally children, because they were Hugh Hodgson's stepchildren. Hugh and\nJessie Hodgson were like extra parents to me, so I did know them. Of course, I\nknew the Hodgsons. Dan Hodgson was closer to my age. His oldest sister, ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015#t=11940.0,11970.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015/transcript/30620/annotation/400","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Edith,\nand I became good friends in college. I still hear from her. She lives in\nChicago. But somehow, this six o'clock shadow . . . as opposed to the Five\nO'clock Shadow . . . it didn't dawn on me what that was until I went to college,\nor almost then.\n\nSCHOENBERG: Were most of these people involved with the Atlanta Music Club?\n\nBLUMBERG: Yes. Mother was very much ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015#t=11970.0,12000.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015/transcript/30620/annotation/401","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"involved. As a lonely teenager . . . that\nwhy I said if you want to know how I was brought up, this is not going to tell\nfuture researchers anything at all about the Jewish community in Atlanta because\nI was very atypical. Mother took me to concerts. Very few if any other Jewish\nchildren did [that]. The only other . . . this is funny, because I was just with\nhim for an evening in Florida just last week . . . Tory Jacobs, the ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015#t=12000.0,12030.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015/transcript/30620/annotation/402","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"son of\nSinclair Jacobs, whose grandfather actually was the 'Godfather of Coca-Cola,'\nDr. Joseph Jacobs. Tory's real name is Sinclair Sartorious Jacobs, Jr. Tory and\nI did sort of grew up together. We were good friends from the time I was 10 or\n11. He was 12 or 13. That's probably because his parents were ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015#t=12030.0,12060.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015/transcript/30620/annotation/403","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"just as\nmaverick-ish as my mother was. My father sort of went along. He worked hard for\na living, and he was on the road a lot of that time. The reason I never mention\nmy father was because he didn't play much of a part in my life. I loved him, but\nI didn't really know him that well.\n\nSCHOENBERG: His first name?\n\nBLUMBERG: Waldo. Tory and I also were thrown together as children when we were\ntoo young to be dating. We were good friends. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015#t=12060.0,12090.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015/transcript/30620/annotation/404","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"His mother and father were\ndivorced. His mother moved away, and he stayed with his father. We remained good\nfriends throughout. I think that one reason that our mothers were friends was\nbecause my mother thought that it was just the greatest thing in the world to be\nlike his mother . . . to be talented, beautiful, and rich, and do all these\nthings. The Jacobs ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015#t=12090.0,12120.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015/transcript/30620/annotation/405","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"had reverses. This was just before . . .\n\nSCHOENBERG: This must have been during one of their affluent moments.\n\nBLUMBERG: They were to start with but things changed during the Depression, or\nmaybe after the Depression . . . this must have been in the mid-Thirties, coming\nout of it. But at any rate, ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015#t=12120.0,12150.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015/transcript/30620/annotation/406","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"they were part of this old elite. My mother and\nMuriel, his mother, liked each other and had a lot in common. His mother did\nsome acting. I remember visiting with her in New York one day when I was there\nwith my mother. [Muriel] was doing some radio shows. They entertained the opera\n. . . the Met [Metropolitan Opera] came. This was the kind of life that my\nmother undoubtedly would have loved. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015#t=12150.0,12180.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015/transcript/30620/annotation/407","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Sinclair, Tory's father, remained close\nfriends with us for the rest of their lives. He and my mother even traveled\ntogether. We were all close friends.\n\nSCHOENBERG: One person I know who was also interested in the Atlanta Music Club\nwas somebody from the AA. That was Mrs. Taylor. Was Esther Taylor a friend of\nyour mother's?\n\nBLUMBERG: Not really. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015#t=12180.0,12210.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015/transcript/30620/annotation/408","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"They knew each other. Her niece, Marguerite Taylor, later\nmarried Julian Uhry. When Julian died, she remarried somebody in Savannah whose\nname I cannot remember. She and I were good friends in college. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015#t=12210.0,12240.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015/transcript/30620/annotation/409","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Both Marguerite\nTaylor and Edith Hodgson were a lot older than I. We would not have been\nfriends, chummy as children, even had we known each other well then or been\nassociated by family, because I went to college very young. I was ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015#t=12240.0,12270.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015/transcript/30620/annotation/410","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"15 years old\nwhen I went to the University of Georgia [Athens, Georgia]. These were upper\nclassmen. I think we roomed together in summer school. But they were a good bit\nolder . . . three or four years older, which makes a difference when you're . . .\n\nSCHOENBERG: . . . at that age.\n\nBLUMBERG: Yes.\n\nSCHOENBERG: Why would you have gone away so young?\n\nBLUMBERG: Because I finished high school. The way I finished school so young ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015#t=12270.0,12300.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015/transcript/30620/annotation/411","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"to\nstart with was that I was very large for my age. Apparently, I was smarter than\none particularly needed to be in what was then a county school, and not a very\ngood one.\n\nSCHOENBERG: That was DeKalb County?\n\nBLUMBERG: It was DeKalb County. Druid Hills was just starting as a public\nschool. It had been Emory University School up until the year that I started.\nThe advice of people to my mother . . . I started at ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015#t=12300.0,12330.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015/transcript/30620/annotation/412","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"five-and-a-half [years of\nage], because my birthday is February. They don't let children do that anymore.\nThen they decided that because I looked older than the others, and was\nintellectually able to keep up with them (they didn't think about emotionally in\nthose days), that I skipped the second grade. Druid Hills was an 11-year school.\nWhen I got out, I was 15 years old. I was still 15 when I entered the ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015#t=12330.0,12360.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015/transcript/30620/annotation/413","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"University\nof Georgia. It was the worst place to have sent me. But their thinking was that,\nbecause I was so young, I needed to be fairly close to home. I needed to be\nwhere Mr. Hugh . . . Hodgson could keep an eye on me, and be a father to me and\nso forth, which he was. He was wonderful.\n\nSCHOENBERG: Was he on the faculty there then?\n\nBLUMBERG: He founded the Fine Arts Department. He was a wonderful person. What I\ndidn't ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015#t=12360.0,12390.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015/transcript/30620/annotation/414","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"understand, and I don't think my mother ever did understand, was that\nthere was a kind of genteel antisemitism in him. When I say some of his 'best\nfriends were Jews,' some of his best friends were. I'm sure he felt that he had\nno prejudice at all. He was a wonderful person. He and one other very, very\nclose friend . . . my mother's closest ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015#t=12390.0,12420.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015/transcript/30620/annotation/415","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"female friend was Natasha Davison, Mrs.\nHal Davison. Natasha was, as you can guess, Russian, and nobility. She was\nbrought up in this very strange White Russian high society with a very\nprimitive-thinking peasant nanny who raised her because she was an orphan. Both\nof them were very, very close. They were like ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015#t=12420.0,12450.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015/transcript/30620/annotation/416","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"family to me. I did spend a lot of\ntime with Natasha later in life. In fact, her husband, Dr. Hal, and my husband,\nRabbi Rothschild, were close friends. They greatly admired each other. If Dr.\nHal went into a restaurant and saw Jack, he would bring him over and introduce\nhim to the people he was with and [say], \"This is my rabbi.\" Dr. Hal was a very\ngood Georgia Baptist. These were people . . . I think Dr. Hal really didn't have\nany prejudice. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015#t=12450.0,12480.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015/transcript/30620/annotation/417","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Really didn't. People like Natasha and Mr. Hugh had something\nthat had been rationalized, because they were kind, well-bred people. That's the\nkind that is the hardest to get to because people don't understand that they\nhave it. So with friends like this, it took me a long time . . . it was quite a\nblow, especially since I was in college and I was too ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015#t=12480.0,12510.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015/transcript/30620/annotation/418","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"young to be there. It was\nthe very worst kind of school for somebody like me to go to because with the\nsnobbish attitude that I had been raised with about Jews from the 'other set,' I\nwent to the university . . . also I had been imbued with the idea that it wasn't\nonly a matter of economics that one didn't join a sorority or fraternity. One\ndid not want to 'ghettoize' one's self. Even though there ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015#t=12510.0,12540.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015/transcript/30620/annotation/419","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"was a small\nstarting-up second Jewish sorority there, who were the girls that I did become\nmore friendly with . . . now I forget the names of sororities . . . but DPhiE\n[Delta Phi Epsilon] was the big established one.\n\nSCHOENBERG: AEPhi or SDT?\n\nBLUMBERG: Yes, I think it was SDT . . . It's undoubtedly there now. There was\njust a group of ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015#t=12540.0,12570.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015/transcript/30620/annotation/420","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"about five girls who were trying to start it. I didn't even want\nto join that. I wanted to be friends with them, but I didn't understand how\nimportant it is at a school like that.\n\nSCHOENBERG: As large as it is?\n\nBLUMBERG: It wasn't that large then, but the idea was that because it was so\nsocial . . . the whole school was so social . . . you just were not a part of\nsomething if you didn't belong. I was not emotionally equipped at 15, or even 16\nor 17, ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015#t=12570.0,12600.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015/transcript/30620/annotation/421","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"to plug into that. I don't think it was a good school in those days. I\nstill have some issues to take with it. If you recall, it was not too many years\nago that they used the fact that the student newspaper has freedom of the press.\nThat did not prevent them from running an advertisement that was a derogatory\nantisemitic ad. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015#t=12600.0,12630.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015/transcript/30620/annotation/422","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"So I don't think things have changed that much. I'm sure it's a\nmuch better school today, but it still does not enamor me.\n\nSCHOENBERG: What was your academic interest primarily?\n\nBLUMBERG: I was pushed into music, because my paternal grandfather was in the\nmusic business. They had some very fine violins and a viola. I was pushed into\nthat despite the fact that my ear is terrible. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015#t=12630.0,12660.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015/transcript/30620/annotation/423","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"One should never play a stringed\ninstrument without a good ear. But my mother thought that it was portable. I\ncould be in orchestras. They had these beautiful instruments they wanted\nsomebody to play. So from the time I was six years old, I was taking violin\nlessons, and then viola lessons. You can be a violist with a very bad ear and\nsuccessfully play second viola to somebody who has a good ear . . . I did have a\nlot of fun playing ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015#t=12660.0,12690.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015/transcript/30620/annotation/424","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"in orchestras. That was a big interest of mine. This made up\nfor the fact that I was having less and less social success. I felt very much\nout of it. I did not look like an ingénue. I did not feel like an ingénue. I\nhad been treated . . . I think the only other Jewish child that I can think of\nthat ever went to the concerts and did all those things that I did was Tory\nJacobs. I don't think he went to as many of them as I did. There was one\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015#t=12690.0,12720.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015/transcript/30620/annotation/425","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"non-Jewish friend, Harold Coolidge, who is now a college professor, who went\neverywhere with his mother. He and I saw each other at concerts. We went to\nschool together.\n\nSCHOENBERG: Do you feel that you spent a lot more time with adults?\n\nBLUMBERG: Absolutely. I was more comfortable with them. Your question was about\nwhat I was primarily interested in. I was pushed into music. I was interested in\nit, because I had a head start in knowledge. We had this ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015#t=12720.0,12750.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015/transcript/30620/annotation/426","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"wonderful professor in\nhigh school. Was it Robert Gaines? Anyway, his name was 'Gaines.' He taught a\ncourse called 'Humanities.' All through college I never got a course in\nhumanities that was as truly so . . . Now, at the Smithsonian, the man who is\nthe director of the [B'nai B'rith Klutznick] National Jewish Museum . . . I'm\nthe chairman of his board and we're close friends . . . teaches humanities at\nthe ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015#t=12750.0,12780.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015/transcript/30620/annotation/427","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Smithsonian in the way which Mr. Gaines did. This was [indistinct]. That\nopened my mind to all these good things. He also had an elective creative\nwriting course which several of these friends were in. [Writing] is really what\nabsorbed me when I got further on in high school. I was convinced that I was\ngoing to be a writer.\n\nSCHOENBERG: You are.\n\nBLUMBERG: Yes, I guess so, ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015#t=12780.0,12810.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015/transcript/30620/annotation/428","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"but in those days, women didn't take themselves\nseriously as career people.\n\nSCHOENBERG: The coursework you took, you went to college more for social reasons\n. . . most women went to college more for social reasons than they did for the\nintellectual stimulation?\n\nBLUMBERG: I had so many mixed signals. Mainly, I wanted to go to college to get\naway from home. It didn't occur to me ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015#t=12810.0,12840.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015/transcript/30620/annotation/429","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"to even think of graduating from college\nas the end of my education. As a matter of fact, I graduated from college at 18\nwith the expectation that because I had accelerated . . . my [reason for]\naccelerating was because I hated it. The only way I could think of to get out\nwas to finish. In my family you didn't quit college. It was in the middle of the\n[World War II]. I wanted to go ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015#t=12840.0,12870.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015/transcript/30620/annotation/430","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"to war work, which I did with the expectation\nthat I would go back to graduate school when the war was over. I almost did. I\ncouldn't and by that time my interests had changed. I was more interested in\nLatin America, perfecting my Spanish and doing something in Spanish . . . and in\nhistory. I didn't have the qualifications in either subject ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015#t=12870.0,12900.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015/transcript/30620/annotation/431","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"to get into graduate\nschool at Columbia [University−New York, New York]. I had studied that at\nColumbia summer school that particular summer . . .\n\nSCHOENBERG: That was what the summer of 1945, 1946?\n\nBLUMBERG: Nineteen forty-six. I had opportunities for jobs in New York, but I\ncouldn't find a place to live. I came home thinking I'll try again in a few\nmonths. In the meantime, I met Jack Rothschild and I never left Atlanta.\n\nSCHOENBERG: Before we get into your ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015#t=12900.0,12930.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015/transcript/30620/annotation/432","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"meeting and courtship, who did you date when\nyou were growing up? Who were your beaux [French: boyfriends, suitors]? You\nobviously didn't have much chance in high school since you ran off to college.\n\nBLUMBERG: We had a crowd. In those days I didn't think of them . . . and I think\nmost people didn't . . . as 'beaux.' A few people did marry the people that they\nwere crazy about in high school. Sonia and Billy Schwartz. Sonia always, ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015#t=12930.0,12960.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015/transcript/30620/annotation/433","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"as long\nas I can remember, when we wrote in these little autograph books, her ambition\nwas to grow up and marry Billy [William B.] Schwartz. But most of us did not\nhave our eyes on any one person at that age. The people I remember dating were\nTory Jacobs, Frank Lowenstein and, once or twice, Bill Lowenstein. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015#t=12960.0,12990.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015/transcript/30620/annotation/434","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"But he didn't\nlive here. I saw him again when he went to college. He went to [University of]\nNorth Carolina [Chapel Hill, North Carolina]. Tory was at North Carolina. Bill\nSchwartz was at North Carolina. I did go up there once for a weekend as Tory's\ndate, but I ended up . . . Bill [Lowenstein] and I were good friends. I'm trying\nto think of who else. Phil Barnett, Fred's younger brother. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015#t=12990.0,13020.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015/transcript/30620/annotation/435","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I was not popular\nwith the crowd. The person that I think of the most that I saw was Frank\nLowenstein. That's because Frank was an intellectual. He fascinated me. He was\nso advanced. His father had died when he was young, and his mother treated him\nas the man of the house. He was as screwy as I was. I didn't really come into my\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015#t=13020.0,13050.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015/transcript/30620/annotation/436","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"own as far as dating was concerned until the [World War II]. I met people that\ndidn't know me when I was a child. There were a lot of things . . . I don't\nthink a former rebbetzin should exactly call a 'burden' or 'crosses to bear.'\nThere were a few things like that I think militated against my popularity.\n\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015#t=13050.0,13080.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015/transcript/30620/annotation/437","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"SCHOENBERG: You mentioned Tory Jacobs several times. You mentioned that his full\nname was Sinclair Sartorious?\n\nBLUMBERG: Sartorius was his grandmother's . . .\n\nSCHOENBERG: Where did that come from? It was his grandmother's maiden name?\n\nBLUMBERG: Yes. Sinclair's mother was the wife of Dr. Joseph Jacobs, in a sense\nthe father of Coca-Cola. He was a wonderful businessman. He was the one who\nstarted the one cent off ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015#t=13080.0,13110.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015/transcript/30620/annotation/438","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"sales and a lot of innovations in advertising. The only\ndumb thing he did was to try to get Mr. [Asa] Candler out of Five Points by\nselling him this crazy chemist and his formula.\n\nSCHOENBERG: [This is] Ann Hoffman Schoenberg interviewing Janice Oettinger\nRothschild Blumberg for a fourth time. This is for . . . ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015#t=13110.0,13140.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015/transcript/30620/annotation/439","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"the Jewish Oral History\nProject of Atlanta co-sponsored by the American Jewish Committee, the Atlanta\nJewish Federation, and the National Council of Jewish Women. The date today is\nApril 2, 1994. We are doing this in Atlanta, Georgia, at Janice's son's, Bill\nRothschild's home. We ended our last session together back in February with ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015#t=13140.0,13170.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015/transcript/30620/annotation/440","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"a\npartial discussion . . . but you were talking about Dr. Joseph Jacobs and\nsomething about what a mistake he made . . . the only real mistake he made was\nin selling Coca-Cola.\n\nBLUMBERG: He was a fabulous businessman. He had what sounded like a very good\nidea to get the competition to move away and build his own business, too. He had\nthis ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015#t=13170.0,13200.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015/transcript/30620/annotation/441","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"crazy chemist, who was apparently [an] alcoholic. The chemist had worked\nout a great formula that was popular at the soda fountain. He sold it to Mr.\nCandler along with the chemist. The caveat was that Candler would move off of\nFive Points. So they did. The formula was for Coca-Cola.\n\nSCHOENBERG: His only real error in life.\n\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015#t=13200.0,13230.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015/transcript/30620/annotation/442","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"BLUMBERG: Yes. He was a very successful businessman, just not quite as\nsuccessful as he would have been if he had held on to that [Coca-Cola] stock.\n\nSCHOENBERG: Don't we all wish we had owned some of that stock early on? What I\nintended was to continue with the period of time between your college career at\nGeorgia and the time you met your husband. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015#t=13230.0,13260.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015/transcript/30620/annotation/443","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Would you tell us something about\nthat period after graduation? What year was it that you graduated from Georgia?\n\nBLUMBERG: I was Class of 1943. This was December 1942. I hated college. The only\nway I could figure out to get out . . . it never even occurred to me to do\nanything but finish . . . was to finish faster. The first thing I did was I\nfound [training course] . . . it was a 90-day wonder . . . in being an assistant\nengineer ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015#t=13260.0,13290.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015/transcript/30620/annotation/444","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":". . . anybody willing to take it at Georgia [Institute of]\nTech[nology−Atlanta, Georgia]. So I went there.\n\nSCHOENBERG: Why would you want to be an assistant engineer?\n\nBLUMBERG: I didn't. It was just a job. I felt I needed to be useful. During the\nwar, I certainly didn't consider it patriotic to go and pursue my own esoteric\ninterests. I wanted to be prepared for something useful. In a sense I was\nbecause it enabled me ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015#t=13290.0,13320.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015/transcript/30620/annotation/445","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"to get a civil service job. First thing I did with it was\n. . . also, I wanted to get away from home. My grandparents lived in Columbus,\nGeorgia. They even had a private apartment in their building that they owned. It\nwas private, but it was connected with theirs to keep an eye on me. I had a lot\nof friends who were at Fort Benning, and I got a job at Fort Benning. I had a\nlot of fun ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015#t=13320.0,13350.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015/transcript/30620/annotation/446","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"in off hours. There was a theater group in Columbus that I joined. I\nwrote a column for the Sunday paper to promote the theater. All of this was\ngratis [free]. It was a great experience. It was fun. I met interesting people.\nI forget really why I quit but I did . . . I forget which summer it was but I\nhad an opportunity ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015#t=13350.0,13380.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015/transcript/30620/annotation/447","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"to go on the Experiment in International Living in Mexico. I\nbecame very much interested in that. The reason it appealed to me to go on it .\n. . I'd always had this yen for travel and loved travel. I loved meeting new\npeople and doing new things. Now that I start to think about it . . . I think\nmaybe it was the following summer. I think maybe I stayed in Columbus ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015#t=13380.0,13410.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015/transcript/30620/annotation/448","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"through\nthat summer.\n\nSCHOENBERG: That would have been the summer of 1944? If you graduated in 1942\nthen you went to Columbus . . .\n\nBLUMBERG: . . . in 1943. I was in Columbus. It sticks in my mind that I stayed\nseven months in Columbus. At some point . . . I think this was 1944 . . . I\nspent three months in Panama working in the same ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015#t=13410.0,13440.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015/transcript/30620/annotation/449","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"type of job for the [Army]\nCorps of Engineers. It was the School of Malariology [the study of malaria].\nWhat they wanted me to do was to draft, as a draftsman, to try to transpose\npictures from the medical book onto large things that could be shown to a whole\nclass on one of those boards.\n\nSCHOENBERG: Not a projector?\n\nBLUMBERG: No. There weren't using those things . . . it wasn't projecting ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015#t=13440.0,13470.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015/transcript/30620/annotation/450","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":". . .\nIn those days, when they had to teach something, it was either on a blackboard\nor it was on an easel.\n\nSCHOENBERG: Like a poster board or a flip chart.\n\nBLUMBERG: Yes. They needed these things. The work didn't last very long. They\nwere trying to prepare the School of Malariology to take some of the students,\nofficers, who needed ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015#t=13470.0,13500.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015/transcript/30620/annotation/451","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"to study away from the one school they had at the time. It\nhad been in the Philippines, I think, because they were . . .\n\nSCHOENBERG: . . . occupied.\n\nBLUMBERG: Yes, at the time. That part of the work didn't last long. Then I was\njust trying to be farmed out as a secretary. I wasn't prepared for it and it was\nstupid. I felt that I wasn't doing a war job. Now I was just occupying ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015#t=13500.0,13530.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015/transcript/30620/annotation/452","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"a job,\nwhich was silly. When I wanted to go home, I quit and went home. I had a\nwonderful time in Panama, but that was another story.\n\nSCHOENBERG: You're not going to tell us about it? Did you find many young Jewish\nmen in Panama?\n\nBLUMBERG: Funny you should ask. I had one friend from Atlanta who was stationed\nthere, not on the same side of the Isthmus [of Panama] that I was, but I'd see\nhim every now and then. He had connections and different people ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015#t=13530.0,13560.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015/transcript/30620/annotation/453","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"would call me,\nbecause their sister in Atlanta told them to or whatever. So I had lots of dates\nand had a good time. The interesting thing that happened there was Dr. Hal\nDavison and his wife, Natasha, were close, close friends of my parents. Dr. Hal\nhad a cousin who was a physician in Panama. His name was 'Briscoe.' The Briscoe\nfamily invited me to come into town and visit with them. They had three\ndaughters. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015#t=13560.0,13590.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015/transcript/30620/annotation/454","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"One day . . . one of the daughters somehow learned that I had played\nthe viola. They thought I had an unusual name. This one said, \"There is a guy .\n. . in the symphony . . . he was in the United States military, stationed there,\nwho was ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015#t=13590.0,13620.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015/transcript/30620/annotation/455","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"[playing in] a symphony in his off time. He names . . . nicknames\nsymphonies after girls he remembers. You have an unusual name. What's your\nfavorite symphony?\" I forget what it was at the time. Whatever it was, it was\nthe one he had it nicknamed with my name. I said, \"Who is he?\" They told me. I\nsaid, \"I remember him. He played first chair viola at National Music Camp.\" They\nsaid, \"You've got to join the symphony. We'll get you an instrument from school.\"\n\nSCHOENBERG: This was at the National Music Camp at Interlochen [now Center for\nthe Arts−Interlochen, Michigan]?\n\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015#t=13620.0,13650.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015/transcript/30620/annotation/456","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"BLUMBERG: Yes. [They said,] \"Come on over to Balboa. We'll introduce you to the\nconductor. You'll play in the symphony.\" They took all the United States\npersonnel that they could get, because they were trying to develop a symphony\norchestra there. Anyway, I did and I had a wonderful time. Mrs. [Eleanor]\nRoosevelt came, and we played for her. I had this great time. Another thing\nhappened to me because of the Briscoes. This very nice young man ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015#t=13650.0,13680.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015/transcript/30620/annotation/457","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"who was a\nneighbor of theirs came into to kibitz [Hebrew: chat, visit] with them one\nevening. The Briscoes are Southern Baptist, I think from Monroe, Georgia . . .\nfrom somewhere around. This young man that I met at their house, I assumed was\ndark and swarthy because he was a Panamanian. He invited me to a carnival. We\nwere at the country club ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015#t=13680.0,13710.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015/transcript/30620/annotation/458","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"having a wonderful time at the carnival dance. He\nstarts to tell me that there had been something in his family. He said, \"We\nJewish people are very close.\" I said, \"We Jewish people?\" He said, \"Yes. I\ndon't know if you've ever known any Jewish people.\" The funny thing was [that]\nneither of us realized that the other one was Jewish. That was a fun thing. I\nenjoyed him. I kept up a friendship with him until both of us married. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015#t=13710.0,13740.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015/transcript/30620/annotation/459","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Even\nafter I came back to the States, I heard from him when he was in the States.\n\nSCHOENBERG: Have you ever tried to find him again?\n\nBLUMBERG: I have no trouble finding him because I have since become very close\nfriends with one of the major families from Panama. They live in Washington\n[D.C.] My second husband [David Blumberg] and I visited them some years ago.\nAlso, we have other friends ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015#t=13740.0,13770.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015/transcript/30620/annotation/460","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"in Panama from B'nai B'rith. When we were going to\nbe in the city for one night and we had a date with one of them for dinner, I\nsaid, \"Why don't you ask 'so and so.' I'd love to see him again.\" They did. Both\ncouples tried to get this couple to come. They wouldn't do it, because his wife\nwould not . . . I was in the throes of a second honeymoon then . . . nothing\nfrom the ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015#t=13770.0,13800.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015/transcript/30620/annotation/461","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"past, present or future could have made me a threat to anybody.\n\nSCHOENBERG: His wife was that insecure?\n\nBLUMBERG: Apparently. I'm very curious about people that I've known before. I\nlove picking up threads of old friends. Whatever romance there might have been\nwas the farthest thing from my mind. But apparently she didn't feel that way, so\nI never have seen him.\n\nSCHOENBERG: I won't press you for the name then.\n\nBLUMBERG: That's not important. I find it interesting, because this was ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015#t=13800.0,13830.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015/transcript/30620/annotation/462","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"one of\nmy first insights into American Jewish history. His family had come to Panama\nfrom the Virgin Islands, which was Danish. He did not have a Spanish name. He\nhas a name, as it happens, that is Danish. That was another reason I didn't know\nhe was Jewish. It wasn't a name that I recognized as being either Spanish or\nJewish. He told me that his uncles, or ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015#t=13830.0,13860.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015/transcript/30620/annotation/463","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"great uncles, had come from the Virgin\nIslands to New Orleans [Louisiana] to volunteer in the Civil War to fight for\nthe Confederacy. The Islands had a plantation economy. I guess it was very much\na part of their future to try to keep the . . .\n\nSCHOENBERG: I think the slave culture, in many cases, had come through those\nislands, too. There had been ships. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015#t=13860.0,13890.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015/transcript/30620/annotation/464","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"They were involved in rum production, that\nsort of thing. That was all part of the slave-rum trade. It was kind of a\ncontinuum. Were his great uncles Jewish?\n\nBLUMBERG: Yes.\n\nSCHOENBERG: Where had they come from originally? Holland? Were they Sephardic?\n\nBLUMBERG: I think originally they were probably, but. . .\n\nSCHOENBERG: . . . who knows?\n\nBLUMBERG: . . . Denmark has had Jews for 1,000 years. The family that I'm so\nclose to now, ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015#t=13890.0,13920.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015/transcript/30620/annotation/465","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"part of it is in Washington. Their origins were . . . one side of\nthe family . . . they have a German sounding name, was from Alsace-Lorraine. The\nother part were Sephardic from Curacao [Dutch: Curaçao] and those islands\naround there. There are just a few of these old families that . . .\n\nSCHOENBERG: . . . those old Jewish families . . .\n\nBLUMBERG: Yes. Also, I found out that in those days ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015#t=13920.0,13950.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015/transcript/30620/annotation/466","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"they were just trying . . .\nthis was also one of the Sephardic . . . he was the symphony director at the\ntime. I didn't realize he was Jewish.\n\nSCHOENBERG: None of these people were refugees from the Holocaust?\n\nBLUMBERG: No, but there were refugees from the Holocaust there. I met some of\nthem at the time. I've gone back since. Knowing people through B'nai B'rith who\nwere from Panama, that's a great portion of the community now.\n\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015#t=13950.0,13980.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015/transcript/30620/annotation/467","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"SCHOENBERG: Today.\n\nBLUMBERG: It was interesting. Also, my friend lived in Panama shortly after she\nmarried. She and her husband together founded the art museum there. What I'm\nsaying is that when I was there, World War II, was the time that they were just\nbeginning to build up to having a new type of culture. It was not Jewish\noriented, but as is the case in many cities, it was the Jewish ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015#t=13980.0,14010.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015/transcript/30620/annotation/468","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"families who were\nthe main instigators of . . .\n\nSCHOENBERG: . . . many of the cultural institutions?\n\nBLUMBERG: Yes.\n\nSCHOENBERG: After you left Panama, then what?\n\nBLUMBERG: I came back home. Maybe it was that summer that I went to Mexico. I\ncan't remember exactly. The following winter, I got a job in Washington where I\nstayed until the war was over. It was two different jobs. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015#t=14010.0,14040.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015/transcript/30620/annotation/469","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Again, when you get\none with the army or with civil service, they will keep you on whether the job\nhas been extinguished or not because nobody ever thought of reducing the\norganization. After V-E Day, I found out that what I was doing was absolutely\nuseless. A friend of mine who lived and worked in Arlington [Virginia] was\nstarting the Service de Voyage [French: Travel Services] for the French mission.\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015#t=14040.0,14070.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015/transcript/30620/annotation/470","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"They needed to really build it up and get more people. After the V-E Day, the\nFrench who had refugeed in Canada and the United States had to go through and\nget home. They needed places to stay, stamps for shoes and all that kind of\nthing. There were people coming from France, diplomats coming through. They\nneeded the same type of things on their way to San Francisco [California] for\nthe United Nations organization, ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015#t=14070.0,14100.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015/transcript/30620/annotation/471","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"so I went to work there. I didn't need to know\nFrench. I knew enough to manage if I had to, but not to really speak it. It was\na fun job.\n\nSCHOENBERG: The name of the organization once more?\n\nBLUMBERG: It was Ambassade de France [French embassy], but it was the Travel\nService of the French mission which was a part of the Embassy. I shouldn't have\nput this on tape because whenever I have to renew my passport, there was this\nthing, \"Have you ever worked for ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015#t=14100.0,14130.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015/transcript/30620/annotation/472","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"a foreign government?\" I conveniently forget\nabout that, because it could be so complicated. All I did was get them motel\nrooms and shoe stamps. That was fun.\n\nSCHOENBERG: Maybe we ought to explain shoe stamps. I imagine that anyone born\nafter World War II won't have a clue as to what you are talking about.\n\nBLUMBERG: We couldn't buy shoes if you didn't have the coupons . . .\n\nSCHOENBERG: . . . they were rationed during World War II, along with a lot of\nother things . . .\n\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015#t=14130.0,14160.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015/transcript/30620/annotation/473","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"BLUMBERG: . . . gasoline for your car or boat. I guess you couldn't use boats in\nthose days that required gasoline in those days. Sugar, meat, and coffee. I\nforget because I wasn't keeping house. I never had a problem with those things,\nbut with gasoline I had a problem.\n\nSCHOENBERG: After Washington, when you felt that your job was no longer pressing?\n\nBLUMBERG: After Washington ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015#t=14160.0,14190.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015/transcript/30620/annotation/474","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":". . . after the war was really over in August, I came\nhome. I sort of bummed around trying to find myself for a while. In the spring I\nwent to Putney, Vermont, to work for free and live with the family of the\nfounder of the Experiment in International Living.\n\nSCHOENBERG: What was his name?\n\nBLUMBERG: Donald Watt. He, his wife and younger daughter, ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015#t=14190.0,14220.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015/transcript/30620/annotation/475","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"who was still at home,\nlived in a wonderful house that they had built themselves. Every room was from a\ndifferent country where they had spent time. There was one other young woman who\nhad been an experimenter who was also working. The Experiment didn't have any\nmoney to operate on then because this small, small group that had been to Mexico\nwas all you could do during the war. People were coming back and ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015#t=14220.0,14250.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015/transcript/30620/annotation/476","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"things were\ngetting started, but they didn't have the people to do it yet. There was a lot\nof work to do that was very interesting for me. I had no secretarial skills but\nwhen somebody dictates, I can type very quickly. Dr. Watt was writing a book . .\n. in fact, two books. One was called Education for One World [1946]. Remember\nthe Wendell Willkie 'One World' thing? That was, in general, his theory about\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015#t=14250.0,14280.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015/transcript/30620/annotation/477","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"the Experiment and his attitude toward peace through learning.\n\nSCHOENBERG: When had he founded it? In the Thirties?\n\nBLUMBERG: Yes, in the mid-Thirties in Switzerland or Germany or that area of\nEurope. They started taking groups. The other book was Estas en su Casa which\nwas like a handbook for people going to particularly Mexico, but it could be any\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015#t=14280.0,14310.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015/transcript/30620/annotation/478","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Latin American country . . . talking about their customs and how you'd get\nalong. I co-authored those books with him. He gave me credit for co-authoring\nthem, because not only did I literally do the writing, taking dictation from\nhim, but I argued with him so often. He would have sentences that were lengthy\nparagraphs in themselves. When we got all through, he gave me credit for\nco-authoring. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015#t=14310.0,14340.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015/transcript/30620/annotation/479","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"It was not my first publication because I had been writing. When I\nwas in Panama . . . I had always done some newspaper writing from high school on\nbecause we would do concert critiques and things to promote a high school\norchestra for the suburban papers. Then when I was in Panama, there were these\ninteresting things happening. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015#t=14340.0,14370.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015/transcript/30620/annotation/480","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Ralph McGill, when I was home once, asked me about\nwriting about them. He sat me down. I'll never forget. I was in his office and\nhe told me how to write a lead. That was the one and only journalism lesson I\never had. But it worked. I sold wonderful stories.\n\nSCHOENBERG: How did it happen that you were sitting in Ralph McGill's office?\n\nBLUMBERG: Ralph was a good friend of my parents. He came out to our house.\nMother had groups on Sunday nights. I guess, in a fancier ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015#t=14370.0,14400.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015/transcript/30620/annotation/481","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"or more sophisticated,\nelegant setting it would have been called a 'salon.' What mother called it was\n'come on out for spaghetti or waffles or whatever.' Some of the young musicians\nwould be there. We'd have sight reading. In fact, a couple of years ago I bought\nmyself a piano because I thought, \"I want to live the way . . . to have the kind\nof ambience when I entertain that my mother had.\" ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015#t=14400.0,14430.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015/transcript/30620/annotation/482","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"That part of it, at any rate .\n. . I'm a lot more formal than my mother was but I'm able to be. Mother was very\ninformal because she really had very little choice. It was fun. I met\ninteresting people. I just liked that kind of an evening. [Ralph McGill] was one\nof them. Tom [Thomas Micajah] Brumby [Jr.], Mike McDowell, and Francis Mitchell\nwere ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015#t=14430.0,14460.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015/transcript/30620/annotation/483","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":". . . Mother knew them because they had been students of Hugh Hodgson. She\nhad them and anybody else . . . when I was in high school . . . Walter Paschall\nwas one of the really close friends who was quite an influence on me.\n\nSCHOENBERG: What was his claim to fame? I don't know that name.\n\nBLUMBERG: He was a radio newscaster at the time. When he talked about\ntelevision, I thought, \"He's out of his mind.\" ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015#t=14460.0,14490.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015/transcript/30620/annotation/484","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"You've got to remember I'm\ntalking about in the Thirties. Walter was later very much more prominent. He was\nquite a thinker. He married during the war. You may have heard of Eliza\nPaschall. Eliza, his widow, was very, very active in civil rights, in women's\nrights, and in all kinds of ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015#t=14490.0,14520.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015/transcript/30620/annotation/485","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"community affairs. My parents had some interesting friends.\n\nSCHOENBERG: What was his influence then on you? You said his influence in\nparticular was on you.\n\nBLUMBERG: Learning to be interested in things, whatever was going on. He\nencouraged me to study, which I didn't do. But it was an influence, I remember.\nI was just very, very fond of Walter ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015#t=14520.0,14550.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015/transcript/30620/annotation/486","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":". . . You had asked me how I knew Ralph\nMcGill. Ralph was a young sports writer. Then he started writing editorials and\nspeaking around the state. Don't forget, this state was one of the poorest in\nthe country. Schools were terrible. City schools were better than where I went.\nGeorgia was like a stepchild ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015#t=14550.0,14580.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015/transcript/30620/annotation/487","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"of the country. I felt this very much, because as I\ngot older and I traveled a little bit, I saw how much better education my\ncontemporaries who grew up in the North had. I was very much interested in\nseeing [Georgia] pull itself up from the boot straps. I must tell you that today\nwhen I see what happens to this city and the state, to me it's just wonderful\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015#t=14580.0,14610.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015/transcript/30620/annotation/488","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"because I remember it when.\n\nSCHOENBERG: It's pretty exciting to think that Atlanta is going to be the center\nof attention in another couple of years for . . .\n\nBLUMBERG: . . . from living in Washington, it already is a center of attention.\nWhen people hear I'm from Atlanta, you wouldn't think . . . it gives me even\nmore of an appreciation of Atlanta than I had before. It was one thing when I\nlived in Knoxville [Tennessee] and everybody's children were coming to Atlanta\nwhen they got out of college. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015#t=14610.0,14640.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015/transcript/30620/annotation/489","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"But I'm in Washington now. So many of my friends'\nchildren are coming to Atlanta, or live here, because one or a spouse has a job\nhere. They love it. It's wonderful.\n\nSCHOENBERG: Let me go back then. You said the reason you were talking about\nRalph McGill was that you said he had given you your one and only journalistic\nlesson: how to write a lead. What did you write then that got published, ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015#t=14640.0,14670.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015/transcript/30620/annotation/490","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"these\nlittle articles from Panama?\n\nBLUMBERG: The first one, I think, was for the Sunday magazine. The first one was\nI think about . . . there were several from Panama. One was about playing for\nMrs. [Eleanor] Roosevelt. One was from Mexico. I can remember the picture that\nthey used on that one. It was about one of the ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015#t=14670.0,14700.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015/transcript/30620/annotation/491","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"experiences we had . . . was in\nMexico. This group went to see Paricutin [Spanish: Partícutin], which was the\nvolcano that had erupted in the middle of a corn field. It had just happened,\nand we had gone to see it. There was a deserted town that the lava was going to\nget into. We stayed there overnight sort of propped up against what was left . .\n. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015#t=14700.0,14730.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015/transcript/30620/annotation/492","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"the building that was like the village main store. The lava was nowhere near.\nIt was outside of the square. We slept for maybe an hour or two out in the\nbitter cold. When we woke up, the lava was already in the middle of the square.\nWe had to get out. This was an interesting experience. I wrote about that\nbecause I had ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015#t=14730.0,14760.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015/transcript/30620/annotation/493","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"thought of lava as something that flows. It may in some cases, but\nin that case, it wasn't. It was great big rocks . . . boulders, like red hot\ncoals. They would tumble over each other. It was not something that flowed as a\nliquid. I just sold maybe two or three [stories], but it was a start. When you\nget your first check . . .\n\nSCHOENBERG: How much did you earn for your first article? You surely haven't forgotten.\n\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015#t=14760.0,14790.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015/transcript/30620/annotation/494","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"BLUMBERG: I think it was $100.\n\nSCHOENBERG: One hundred dollars! That sounds pretty high.\n\nBLUMBERG: In those days . . . I don't think . . . whatever it was, I know the\nhighest I ever got for those stories was like $250 or something. That was many,\nmany years later and I hope I was a better writer. It's always a thrill. Some\npeople get their kicks from cars, furs, or whatever. I get my kicks from selling\na story. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015#t=14790.0,14820.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015/transcript/30620/annotation/495","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"It's fun. Or even from seeing it in print, whether I've gotten paid for\nit or not. At first, I was fighting with this Women's Lib[eration] thing within\nmyself and not understanding it in the terms we use today. Betty Freidan had to\nwrite the book to tell me what was wrong with myself. Prior to Betty Freidan,\nall I knew was that if I got paid anything for something, it had a value in the\neyes of other people. If I was on a committee that was with men, it had a value\nin the ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015#t=14820.0,14850.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015/transcript/30620/annotation/496","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"eyes of other people . . . if it was not a Sisterhood, or something like\nthat. This made sound absurd to today's young women, but that's what we were\nfighting with because we were programmed to be accessories. It was ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015#t=14850.0,14880.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015/transcript/30620/annotation/497","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"seeing it in\nprint, and getting . . . if it were $1, it would have been fine.\n\nSCHOENBERG: From there you went up to Columbia [University--New York City, New York]?\n\nBLUMBERG: Yes. That summer . . . the war had been over . . . had been over. I\nthought it was time that I get on with my life. The plan had always been that I\nwould specialize . . . this was one of the things that Walter Paschall taught me\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015#t=14880.0,14910.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015/transcript/30620/annotation/498","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":". . . if you want to be a writer, the important thing to learn is not how to\nwrite. You learn that from doing. The thing that you really have to study is to\nget enough grasp on what's going on to have something to say when you write. You\nhave to have an education, whether it's in a particular field ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015#t=14910.0,14940.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015/transcript/30620/annotation/499","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"or whatever. You\nhave to write about something. It's much more important to know that something\nthan it is to know technique of writing because each person develops that for\nhimself or herself. The plan had been for me, since I was so young, I was only\n18 when I graduated college, was afterwards I was going to go to graduate\nschool. When the war was over, I said, \"Let's go to graduate school.\" I went to\nsummer school at Columbia. By then I had totally changed all the things I was\ninterested in. I was interested in Spanish and ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015#t=14940.0,14970.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015/transcript/30620/annotation/500","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I was interested in history. I\ndidn't have credits for either one of them. Also, in journalism. It seems to me\nI did take a course at Emory [University−Atlanta, Georgia] at one point when I\nwas staying home. I took these courses at Columbia. I had job offers. I had\nsocial interests. I had everything that I could have wanted, except a place to\nstay. It was impossible, either in Washington or in New York, or at Columbia\nsince I couldn't get ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015#t=14970.0,15000.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015/transcript/30620/annotation/501","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"into a graduate program. So I came home thinking, \"When the\ncrunch is off I'll try again, maybe in a few months.\" I didn't try again,\nbecause I met Jack Rothschild.\n\nSCHOENBERG: Now, the important thing. How did you meet? Who introduced you? Or\ndid you just meet out somewhere?\n\nBLUMBERG: I don't know why there should be so many people claiming to have been\nthe ones to introduce us, but I know who did it.\n\nSCHOENBERG: Who was it?\n\nBLUMBERG: It was ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015#t=15000.0,15030.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015/transcript/30620/annotation/502","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Nina Brail, who was a very distant cousin of my mother. She was\nquite a swimmer and quite a horseback rider. She worked very diligently\nthroughout the war for USO- [United Service Organization] type things, JWV\n[Jewish War Veterans], and so forth. Whenever somebody interesting would come\nalong, she would get us together. For example, 'Dodie' Patterson . . . Dr. Joe\nPatterson, was stationed here ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015#t=15030.0,15060.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015/transcript/30620/annotation/503","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"during the war. He loved to horseback ride. She\ndid, too. She knew who had horses and would lend them to us. We had mutual\nfriends with horses. That's how he and I met long before Ruby and he met, or\nbefore Jack and I met. This was the same way with Jack. I saw him . . . I was on\none of the sun boards at the swimming pool at the old Standard Club on ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015#t=15060.0,15090.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015/transcript/30620/annotation/504","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Ponce de\nLeon [Avenue] with Nina. They had one or two tennis courts. Can you imagine a\nclub with one or two tennis courts? Anyway, he was on one of them. I said,\n\"There's a man I don't know yet. Who is he?\" Nina says, \"That's a rabbi. When he\ncomes off the courts, I'll introduce you.\" From there, the rest is history.\n\nSCHOENBERG: How much older than you was he?\n\nBLUMBERG: Thirteen years. He was closer to my mother's age than to mine. My\nsecond husband was ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015#t=15090.0,15120.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015/transcript/30620/annotation/505","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"exactly the same age. These two men were born within a month\nof each other. What my kids tell me now when I tell them I've met somebody . . .\nthe first question is not, \"What's his name?\" . . .\n\nSCHOENBERG: What's his birthday?\n\nBLUMBERG: It's \"How old is he?\" I needed the kind of mentors that I got. I'm\njust delighted. I was very lucky.\n\nSCHOENBERG: Tell me about the courtship. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015#t=15120.0,15150.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015/transcript/30620/annotation/506","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Was it immediate on his part?\n\nBLUMBERG: Can you imagine what a bachelor rabbi has to go through to have dates\nwith somebody without the pressure of gossip exacerbating whatever they think\nmight be developing? It wasn't easy. The first date was that night. I was . . .\n\nSCHOENBERG: . . . there was nothing slow about him . . .\n\nBLUMBERG: . . . we just met for a cup of coffee. He was living at the Biltmore\n[Hotel]. I was in a radio ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015#t=15150.0,15180.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015/transcript/30620/annotation/507","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"show at WSB, which was then on the roof of the\nBiltmore. When I could not have a date with him that night, I said, \"When the\nshow is over, if you think you'll still be up I'll call you and we'll meet.\"\n\nSCHOENBERG: What kind of a show? Why were you in a radio show?\n\nBLUMBERG: Because I did acting. I was interested in acting. I forget exactly\nwhat group it was that was doing that, but . . .\n\nSCHOENBERG: . . . so this was a play?\n\nBLUMBERG: Theater was not big time then . . .\n\nSCHOENBERG: . . . this was a play on radio?\n\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015#t=15180.0,15210.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015/transcript/30620/annotation/508","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"BLUMBERG: . . . amateurs did anything. It was not exactly prime time . . .\nsomething like ten o'clock, or something like that. It was fun. I tell you who\nwas involved in it . . .\n\nSCHOENBERG: I was just getting ready to ask you . . . who else used to do that?\n\nBLUMBERG: Hill Bermont. I don't know if this name means anything to you. He's\nretired now, I believe. In his real career . . . the last 30 years or so, he was\nat the University of Georgia . . . I think in charge of television production.\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015#t=15210.0,15240.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015/transcript/30620/annotation/509","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Hill had come here as a very young man, a refugee from Vienna [Austria]. He had\nstudied with Max Bernhardt. He had a really fine background in theater. I met\nhim when he first came here. We did . . . I forget the name of the theater group\n. . . there were some of us who went out to hospitals with entertainment. I\nthink it was probably through that group that whoever was doing this ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015#t=15240.0,15270.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015/transcript/30620/annotation/510","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"programming\nfor WSB asked us. I was never an Equity actor.\n\nSCHOENBERG: You didn't ever pay dues?\n\nBLUMBERG: No. I don't think they'd take me. I studied later with Frank Wittow at\nthe Academy Theater many, many years later. I realized through working with\nFrank, who I have great, great admiration for, that I was not nor would I ever\nbe a real actress. He didn't tell me this. I just learned ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015#t=15270.0,15300.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015/transcript/30620/annotation/511","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"from doing it and from\nloving it.\n\nSCHOENBERG: Why did you think that you wouldn't?\n\nBLUMBERG: Because I neither had the innate ability or some of the more refined\nabilities. I was very much at home on the stage and I loved doing it. But I\ndidn't have the refined abilities such as ability to do accents and things like\nthat . . . the ear that it takes. As far as the emotional part of it was\nconcerned, I made a conscious decision ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015#t=15300.0,15330.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015/transcript/30620/annotation/512","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":". . . studying with him this is what it\ntaught me . . . the kind of acting that I admired and appreciated, even if you\nhave the talent, you had to probe inside yourself to the point where it was like\npsychoanalysis. I was not willing. I had a nice family, two children, a husband\nwho was very prominent, and . . . life was not all that smooth. I had all these\ngood things going for me, but ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015#t=15330.0,15360.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015/transcript/30620/annotation/513","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"there were lots of conflicts as there are, I\nimagine, with most growing families. I realized that I was too vulnerable to\nstart tearing up my insides. This could very well lead to something disastrous\nthat I didn't want to happen. Who needs it?\n\nSCHOENBERG: You gave up all thought of being a professional, but you did\ncontinue playing the game . . .\n\nBLUMBERG: Where are we now?\n\nSCHOENBERG: We're just going to go ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015#t=15360.0,15390.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015/transcript/30620/annotation/514","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"back to when you were dating and the\ndifficulties of beginning a relationship with someone who is in the public eye.\n\nBLUMBERG: You want to know about dating?\n\nSCHOENBERG: Yes. Where did you all have to hide?\n\nBLUMBERG: For one thing it was very hard for him to even have an evening because\nthis was summertime, like mid-August. He had been here, I think, since June.\nEverybody in town with a marriageable daughter . . .\n\nSCHOENBERG: . . . had a girl for him . . .\n\nBLUMBERG: . . . had him booked up ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015#t=15390.0,15420.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015/transcript/30620/annotation/515","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"with invitations to dinner. He really didn't\nhave time. Also, he was trying to get started, get the Temple in shape, write\nhis sermons for his first holiday service, and arrange for an installation. He\nwould call me when he'd get back at night from wherever he had been. We did a\nlot of working on the New York Times Sunday crossword puzzle on the telephone .\n. . his and mine. When we got married, ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015#t=15420.0,15450.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015/transcript/30620/annotation/516","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"it was terrible because we only had one\ncopy of it.\n\nSCHOENBERG: You needed two copies of that part of the paper. That's all.\n\nBLUMBERG: Yes. But seriously, we did have a few dates, like going to dinner.\nMostly we went horseback riding because he could get away . . . one or two\nafternoons a week. We really got to know each other better on horseback.\n\nSCHOENBERG: Where did you go?\n\nBLUMBERG: I remember that the Simmons had ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015#t=15450.0,15480.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015/transcript/30620/annotation/517","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"horses. I had grown up . . . that's\nwhere I learned to ride.\n\nSCHOENBERG: Where were they?\n\nBLUMBERG: . . . I should tell you and future generations who the Simmons were.\nHenry Simmons, and Claudia, were the parents of two daughters, Roslyn [Klausman]\nand Charlotte. Charlotte was my age. She married Charles Lewis. They lived here\nfor many years not throughout her life but most of her children grew up here. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015#t=15480.0,15510.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015/transcript/30620/annotation/518","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I\nthink we must have used some of the Simmons' horses at times, but there was\nanother family . . .\n\nSCHOENBERG: Where did they live? What part of the city?\n\nBLUMBERG: We were all in Druid Hills.\n\nSCHOENBERG: They kept horses in Druid Hills?\n\nBLUMBERG: No, they didn't keep horses there. They had . . . what is now Druid\nHills was farmland . . . it was somewhere on Briarcliff Road. Briarcliff is\nbuilt up now. It wasn't built up then. It was somewhere around ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015#t=15510.0,15540.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015/transcript/30620/annotation/519","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"there that they\nhad the stable. They didn't have a lot of horses. They had two or three.\n\nSCHOENBERG: Maybe in that area where the little pony rides used to be near\nStevens . . .\n\nBLUMBERG: I don't even know where that is . . .\n\nSCHOENBERG: . . . near where Lavista [Road] and Briarcliff [Road] cross.\n\nBLUMBERG: Yes, somewhere in that area.\n\nSCHOENBERG: There was a riding rink.\n\nBLUMBERG: This was not any riding rink. They had a little bit of property. It\nwas no big deal. It was the Simmons . . . the other horse story is later. It's\nmy husband with ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015#t=15540.0,15570.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015/transcript/30620/annotation/520","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Rabbi [Emanuel] Feldman, and it was the Harris' horses. The\nSimmons . . . we used their stables so much that when we announced our\nengagement, they sent us a little gold key to the stables.\n\nSCHOENBERG: That's adorable. What was the husband's name again?\n\nBLUMBERG: Henry Simmons. Henry and Claudia. They were my parents' age.\n\nSCHOENBERG: They were members of the Temple?\n\nBLUMBERG: Yes. I didn't know anybody who wasn't ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015#t=15570.0,15600.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015/transcript/30620/annotation/521","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"a member of the Temple if they\nwere Jewish, until after I married. You have no idea how segregated this city\nwas Jewishly.\n\nSCHOENBERG: Tell me about how Rabbi Rothschild happened to get selected to come\nto Atlanta. Dr. Marx had been here forever and ever and ever.\n\nBLUMBERG: My remark to Nina Brail when I said, \"Who's that new man?\" and she\nsaid, \"That's the new rabbi. Haven't you met him?\" was ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015#t=15600.0,15630.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015/transcript/30620/annotation/522","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\"That's ridiculous. Dr.\nMarx will never retire. Everybody knows that.\" Apparently, everybody knew that,\nexcept two: Dr. Marx and me. He had indeed retired. I had been away. My family\nwas not really into the Jewish community life here. I'm sure they knew, they\njust failed to tell me. It wasn't something that was of great importance to\nthem. I now know, or soon after that knew, that ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015#t=15630.0,15660.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015/transcript/30620/annotation/523","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"the congregation had a lovely\nbig reception . . . all kinds of 'thank yous,' 'we love you,' but it's time for\nDr. Marx's retirement. I also knew from my new husband that no rabbi worth his\nsalt would have accepted Atlanta no matter how good a potential it had, as an\nassistant [rabbi]. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015#t=15660.0,15690.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015/transcript/30620/annotation/524","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Sam Sandmel had been here his first year out of school as Dr.\nMarx's assistant. He had such a miserable time that he not only left Atlanta, he\nleft the active rabbinate. It was fortunate for scholarship, because he turned\nout to be one of the really great scholars and teachers at Hebrew [Union]\nCollege. But, none of these people who knew him . . . of course, this spreads.\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015#t=15690.0,15720.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015/transcript/30620/annotation/525","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"That's quite a club. In those days . . .\n\nSCHOENBERG: . . . it was an even smaller club . . .\n\nBLUMBERG: . . . of American rabbis . . . was a much smaller club. They knew what\nhappened to every one of them. Nobody who wasn't absolutely desperate for a job\nand would have been considered by Atlanta would have come here as an assistant.\nAs I remember, Milton Rice who was president of the Temple ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015#t=15720.0,15750.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015/transcript/30620/annotation/526","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"at the time . . . had\ngone to Cincinnati [Ohio]. I think there may have been the Union Convention in\nCincinnati. It wasn't the school that he went to, it was the convention to see\nwho was coming back from the war . . .\n\nSCHOENBERG: . . . who would be available . . .\n\nBLUMBERG: . . . and would need a job.\n\nSCHOENBERG: They obviously were looking for someone who was a little bit older,\na little more mature than just a brand new graduate.\n\nBLUMBERG: I think so. After all, Jack had been out for ten years. He wasn't any\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015#t=15750.0,15780.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015/transcript/30620/annotation/527","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"youngster then. He was 34 or 35. He had been in the army. He was the first\nJewish chaplain in action in World War II.\n\nSCHOENBERG: Where did he serve?\n\nBLUMBERG: He was in Guadalcanal, right behind the Marines. He was also on New\nCaledonia and Fiji. He had gotten malaria, so they sent him home early. He was\nback and being a chaplain for . . . ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015#t=15780.0,15810.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015/transcript/30620/annotation/528","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"waving the guys on who were going to have to\ngo before most of them went. He was in action. This menorah that my son has was\nmade for him by the soldiers out of spent shells. The picture on the cover of my\nbook shows him conducting a service outside a tent. You can see that menorah in\nthe background. He had had plenty of experience. He was the assistant to [Rabbi]\nSolomon Freehof in his own congregation that he grew up in.\n\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015#t=15810.0,15840.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015/transcript/30620/annotation/529","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"SCHOENBERG: Which was?\n\nBLUMBERG: Rodef Shalom in Pittsburgh, for four years.\n\nSCHOENBERG: Even before he ever went into action?\n\nBLUMBERG: To war, yes. He had one year out of school in Davenport, Iowa. He got\nthe best job available at the time. It paid $2,200 a year. That was the best job\navailable at the time.\n\nSCHOENBERG: No pension, probably.\n\nBLUMBERG: Probably didn't.\n\nSCHOENBERG: Probably no health [insurance].\n\nBLUMBERG: The interesting thing was, there are two ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015#t=15840.0,15870.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015/transcript/30620/annotation/530","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"sides to the story. He lived\nwell. He helped send his sister through college. He was not deprived at $2,200 a\nyear. It sounds terrible. He came here at $7,200, which was all they could pay.\nBecause he was a bachelor and thought he was going to stay that way, he didn't\nargue about it. He could see that they had two salaries to pay and that they\nwere in trouble. He was sympathetic to it. Soon thereafter we married and had\nchildren. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015#t=15870.0,15900.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015/transcript/30620/annotation/531","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Even though they raised him a little bit, it was still very difficult\nfor a long time. It took a while for this congregation to pay off its mortgage,\nwhich had been since 1930.\n\nSCHOENBERG: I was just getting ready to say, this is a congregation that had\nbeen in existence for years and years and years. The building that you're\ntalking about was built in 1930 or 1931.\n\nBLUMBERG: It was. Apparently, they overspent . . . ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015#t=15900.0,15930.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015/transcript/30620/annotation/532","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Harold Hirsch was their chief\nbenefactor, I suppose. He said, \"Don't worry. Do it right, and I'll take care of it.\"\n\nSCHOENBERG: Then he dropped dead.\n\nBLUMBERG: Then he dropped dead.\n\nSCHOENBERG: I'm going to stop right here before we run out of tape.\n\nSCHOENBERG: This is the first side of the fourth tape of Ann Hoffman Schoenberg\ninterviewing Janice Oettenger Rothschild Blumberg . . .\n\nBLUMBERG: . . . I had a middle name, too . . .\n\nSCHOENBERG: . . . we left that one out.\n\nBLUMBERG: Good.\n\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015#t=15930.0,15960.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015/transcript/30620/annotation/533","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"SCHOENBERG: . . . on April 2, 1994 in her son's home in Atlanta, Georgia for the\nJewish Oral History Project of Atlanta, co-sponsored by the American Jewish\nCommittee, the Atlanta Jewish Federation, and the National Council of Jewish\nWomen. We are talking about Rabbi Rothschild's background and how he came to\nAtlanta. Where were you?\n\nBLUMBERG: May I just interject something because ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015#t=15960.0,15990.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015/transcript/30620/annotation/534","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"it sounds funny to me to hear\nmyself with all those names. It occurred to me that the middle name which you\nleft out (and I always leave out) was 'Browne.'\n\nSCHOENBERG: Let's wait for the airplane to go by. We're outside, by the way. I\ndidn't mention that it is a magnificent day. We decided to sit outside for this\ninterview. You have had the pleasure, whoever you are, you scholars in the\nfuture, of hearing the beautiful birds and ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015#t=15990.0,16020.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015/transcript/30620/annotation/535","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"now the airplane going overhead.\n\nBLUMBERG: It's such a pleasure to be in Atlanta on a day like this when I left\nthe cold North. It just reminds me of how beautiful this place is.\n\nSCHOENBERG: Now you're sorry you don't live here again?\n\nBLUMBERG: Not really. For me Washington [D.C] is the best place to be right now\n. . .\n\nSCHOENBERG: . . . at this moment in time . . .\n\nBLUMBERG: . . . but there's no place as beautiful as Atlanta . . .\n\nSCHOENBERG: You're right.\n\nBLUMBERG: It's just divine. What I did want to tell you about this funny middle\nname is that it is Atlanta history. I forget whether you've got it on an earlier\ntape. My middle name is Browne . . . B-R-O-W-N-E. That was the ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015#t=16020.0,16050.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015/transcript/30620/annotation/536","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"great-grandfather\nwho was . . .\n\nSCHOENBERG: . . . 'Alphabet' . . .\n\nBLUMBERG: . . . 'Alphabet.' Yes, we did talk about him.\n\nSCHOENBERG: We did talk about him . . . you gave me . . . I gave you the whole megillah.\n\nSCHOENBERG: Yes, the whole thing about him. We were talking about Rabbi\nRothschild coming to Atlanta. You said that he was given a very minimal kind of\nsalary. The Temple itself still had a large mortgage to pay off since Mr. Hirsch\nhad dropped dead before he could financially get them out of the hole.\n\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015#t=16050.0,16080.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015/transcript/30620/annotation/537","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"BLUMBERG: Incidentally, I think that Mr. Hirsch and presumably this group of\nguys with the money and therefore the clout who had selected the site . . .\nwhich was an outrageous place to go to for most of the people in the\ncongregation, as I understand it . . . they pushed it through because they had\nthe clout. They also had the most fantastic foresight. Do you know of any\ninner-city congregation that ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015#t=16080.0,16110.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015/transcript/30620/annotation/538","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"has not either shriveled up or had to build a\nsuburban annex? I mean, this was fantastic. They weren't just dictators. They\nwere pretty smart guys.\n\nSCHOENBERG: I know you've written a book on the Temple's history. Perhaps you\ncan tell us how did they happen to select the site, and how did they happen to\nselect Philip Trammell Shutze, the architect?\n\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015#t=16110.0,16140.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015/transcript/30620/annotation/539","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"BLUMBERG: One of the partners there was Rudy [Rudolph] Adler, who is a member of\nthis group . . . [a member of] the Temple and a member of the group.\n\nSCHOENBERG: He was on the Building Committee?\n\nBLUMBERG: I presume so. I know he was the architect for the Temple. He had a\ngreat deal to do with what went into it, as well as the design. I'm sure that's\nwhy they chose that. I don't know any details of how they chose the site. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015#t=16140.0,16170.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015/transcript/30620/annotation/540","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I do\nknow that there were precious few Jews who lived in North Atlanta. The ones who\ndid live north lived northeast. The Standard Club, I think, had already moved to\nPonce de Leon [Avenue]. But there again it wasn't Peachtree [Street] and Spring\n[Street]. It was Ponce de Leon near Boulevard. Yes, there were a lot of people\nthat ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015#t=16170.0,16200.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015/transcript/30620/annotation/541","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"were out in the Druid Hills area along Ponce de Leon and into Druid Hills,\nwhich was the general direction.\n\nSCHOENBERG: But no one was living in Ansley Park, or very few Jews, if any?\n\nBLUMBERG: I can't think of any. I may be wrong, but offhand, I can't. I can\nthink of the few families . . . the Simmons were one of them at that time . . .\nwho lived on Myrtle Street and Seminole on the other side of Ponce de Leon. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015#t=16200.0,16230.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015/transcript/30620/annotation/542","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"But\nMyrtle was closer to . . . those streets that . . .\n\nSCHOENBERG: . . . yes, right. Charles Allen [Drive] and some of those streets in\nthat Midtown area.\n\nBLUMBERG: Yes. There were some who lived there. But at that time, I don't think\nthere was any Temple members who lived northwest.\n\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015#t=16230.0,16260.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015/transcript/30620/annotation/543","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"SCHOENBERG: There probably weren't many people at all living northwest of any .\n. .\n\nBLUMBERG: That's right. What we consider main arteries today, like Lindbergh\n[Drive] and North Druid Hills [Road] . . . North Druid Hills was already so far\nout that they didn't even think about that. We lived on East Lake Road. My\nmother was a piano teacher who went to the home. I remember when Mother\ndiscovered that you could get across on this road which turned out to be\nLindbergh. Atlanta was built like a star, but there were not ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015#t=16260.0,16290.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015/transcript/30620/annotation/544","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"connecting main\nstreets that most people knew about that connected them. You couldn't get\nthrough the way you get through today. The people who lived northeast thought\nthat building a Temple out there was just outrageous. But by the time I went . .\n. first of all, they bought the property in the mid-Twenties, I think. But it\nwas before they built. In the meantime, maybe ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015#t=16290.0,16320.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015/transcript/30620/annotation/545","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"some of them had moved a little\nbit closer. But most of the families that belonged to the Temple that I knew\nwere in Druid Hills.\n\nSCHOENBERG: To go back to Rabbi Rothschild and Rabbi Marx, what was their relationship?\n\nBLUMBERG: Rabbi Rothschild tried his best to honor this man who had been a major\nfigure in his day. He had a heck of a time doing it ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015#t=16320.0,16350.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015/transcript/30620/annotation/546","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":". . . First of all, Dr. Marx\nwas apparently never an easy person to get along with. He was very smart. He\nwanted things done his way. He was used to being the only one around. He knew\nmore than other people. He had influence on his congregation. He had been the\nrabbi for . . .\n\nSCHOENBERG: . . . fifty years.\n\nBLUMBERG: Yes. That's three generations. People had ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015#t=16350.0,16380.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015/transcript/30620/annotation/547","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"great respect for him.\n\nSCHOENBERG: Nobody questioned his ability or his knowledge, I suppose.\n\nBLUMBERG: I think it was probably the typical 'retirement syndrome.' He didn't\nwant to, and he was bitter at having done it. He was bitter anyway, because he\nhad been embittered . . . I know that at the time he was passed over as\npresident of the ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015#t=16380.0,16410.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015/transcript/30620/annotation/548","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"CCAR--Central Conference of American Rabbis . . . whether there\nwas anything that had embittered him before that or not, I don't know. But this\nI do know. I also know that the reason that they had passed over him was in\npart, at least . . . there may have been some other reason . . . I haven't\nstudied it . . . but in part, at least, because of his strong antagonism to\nZionism. This was already getting to be something that people felt very positive\nabout. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015#t=16410.0,16440.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015/transcript/30620/annotation/549","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Not all of them. Even through the first ten years that Rabbi Rothschild\nwas here, there was still a strong group of a few rabbis who were strongly anti-Zionist.\n\nSCHOENBERG: Not here in Atlanta?\n\nBLUMBERG: No.\n\nSCHOENBERG: Other than Dr. Marx.\n\nBLUMBERG: That's right. But there were lay people who were, who tried very hard\nto . . .\n\nSCHOENBERG: That's what I wondered. Were there any lay people in Atlanta who\nwere ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015#t=16440.0,16470.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015/transcript/30620/annotation/550","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"particularly vociferous or outspoken in their stand against Israel in the\nThirties and Forties? Can you recall anyone?\n\nBLUMBERG: In the Thirties and Forties, some of the most respected people in town\nwere . . . Oh, you mean . . .\n\nSCHOENBERG: . . . anti-Zionist . . . the people who were . . . in the American\nJewish Committee? Wasn't that the . . . what was it called?\n\nBLUMBERG: The American Jewish Committee does wonderful work.\n\nSCHOENBERG: No, that's not the one.\n\nBLUMBERG: They get a bad rap because it's so closely named.\n\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015#t=16470.0,16500.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015/transcript/30620/annotation/551","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"SCHOENBERG: It's close. What's the name of it?\n\nBLUMBERG: American Council for Judaism. Yes, there were. Even in the late\nForties or early Fifties . . . you can check it by my book, but I haven't read\nmy book in a long time. There was a movement to start a congregation here, as\nthere were in other cities, where there was a strong group opposed to the trend\ntoward ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015#t=16500.0,16530.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015/transcript/30620/annotation/552","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":". . . what it really was, was toward \"Jewishness.\" That was happening in\nall these congregations that were being taken over by younger men who wanted to\nbring their congregations into the twentieth century, with mainstream and so\nforth. Dr. Marx was not unique. Atlanta was not unique. As a matter of fact,\nliving in Washington I've been doing a little bit of research on something I\nsaid I would do with Washington Hebrew ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015#t=16530.0,16560.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015/transcript/30620/annotation/553","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Congregation history. I was surprised to\nfind out that their changeover was much later. We thought we were so slow in\nAtlanta. They were like 20 years behind us. It all had to do with the\nproclivities of the rabbi.\n\nSCHOENBERG: Who was their rabbi?\n\nBLUMBERG In those days it was Norman Gerstenfeld.\n\nSCHOENBERG: He too, was anti-Zionist?\n\nBLUMBERG: He wasn't that old. He was older than my husband, but he was in school\nabout the ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015#t=16560.0,16590.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015/transcript/30620/annotation/554","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"same time. As far as Atlanta history is concerned, I just mention\nanother city because this was not something awful that Dr. Marx did to the\ncongregation. It was . . .\n\nSCHOENBERG: . . . a trend . . .\n\nBLUMBERG: . . . because there were so many people who, for one reason or another\n. . . In Washington, I think it was a different story. But for Dr. Marx's\ngeneration, they had been trained, as my family was, too . . . they believed\nthis. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015#t=16590.0,16620.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015/transcript/30620/annotation/555","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I believed it too until I met Rabbi Rothschild and saw the error of my\nways, in the Universalist spirit and in believing that the only difference\nbetween us and them was that we went to a different church. We had a different\nconcept of G-d. But we didn't understand ethnicity. We didn't understand\nculture, because we didn't know it. We didn't know our own Jewish culture enough\nto care about preserving it. We knew that we were supposed to care and ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015#t=16620.0,16650.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015/transcript/30620/annotation/556","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that we\nwere proud we were Jewish, but we couldn't explain why we were proud we were Jewish.\n\nSCHOENBERG: Because you didn't have the educational background?\n\nBLUMBERG: We didn't have the education. Everything is a trade-off in life. This\nis something that I believe our ancestors traded for coming to America. There\nwasn't the facility here for the kind of general learning in Judaism . . .\ngeneralized among people . . . an ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015#t=16650.0,16680.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015/transcript/30620/annotation/557","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"opportunity for Jewish learning that people\nhad in Europe. We had freedom. We had mixing and all these wonderful things that\nwe're glad we had, but we missed the Jewish education.\n\nSCHOENBERG: When you reflect on it now, though, do you think that the experience\nthat the Jews of the mid-nineteenth century, from Germany primarily, Austria,\nthe Germanic countries, the ones that really began the Reform movement . . .\n\nBLUMBERG: . . . and there were a lot of them from ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015#t=16680.0,16710.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015/transcript/30620/annotation/558","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Russia and Poland, too, who\nmelded into the culture which was German because that's what was here.\n\nSCHOENBERG: Do you think the experiences they had that pulled them away from\nthat strong educational background, that strong feeling for the Hebrew, the\nritual and a lot of the old traditions . . . were those influences already\ndissipated by the time ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015#t=16710.0,16740.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015/transcript/30620/annotation/559","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"the next wave came from Eastern Europe that allowed those\npeople who became the AA congregations and their ilk, those who began their\ncongregations in the 1880's and 1890's and retained a good deal of that\nyiddishkeit? Was it made possible because the others had come earlier and kind\nof paved the way? What made their experience so different?\n\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015#t=16740.0,16770.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015/transcript/30620/annotation/560","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"BLUMBERG: I think that we owe a great deal to each other. They certainly came in\nat a time when our ancestors had paved the way for them in many ways. However,\nthey brought in with them the kind of feeling for Klal Yisrael that we are\ngetting from them now. It's a two-way street, in my view. You must remember that\na lot of this, ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015#t=16770.0,16800.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015/transcript/30620/annotation/561","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"what we call 'yiddishkeit,' was just that. It wasn't necessarily\nlearning. It wasn't . . . but at least there was a feeling for Zion, for ritual.\nI don't like ritual. I reject most of it on a personal basis. But I can see what\nit does for a person. I can see that you have to know something ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015#t=16800.0,16830.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015/transcript/30620/annotation/562","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"before you can\nreject it happily and keep going from there in a positive way. I do think that a\nlot of them totally rejected religion because it was too confining. The\nso-called 'ethnic laws' and so forth that had been inculcated that were . . .\n\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015#t=16830.0,16860.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015/transcript/30620/annotation/563","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"SCHOENBERG: . . . we're talking about the German Jews now that came, the early ones?\n\nBLUMBERG: No, I'm not. I'm talking about . . . I think that the German Jews who\ncame in much smaller numbers . . . more alone than the other waves of\nimmigration were . . . that they basically opted out . . . where they opted out\n. . . because there wasn't anybody to hold on to. The great service that [Rabbi]\nIsaac Mayer Wise gave this country in organizing the way he did was that ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015#t=16860.0,16890.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015/transcript/30620/annotation/564","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"there's\nno word 'Reform' in any of those organization names. The idea was not that they\nwould be Reform as such, but that they would be a 'union.'\n\nSCHOENBERG: Union of American Hebrew Congregations.\n\nBLUMBERG: Yes. The idea was to try to have a togetherness feeling, so the\ncongregations would form. People would stay Jewish and have something to hold on\nto. Then, 20 years later, when the big waves of ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015#t=16890.0,16920.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015/transcript/30620/annotation/565","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"immigration came, the mores were\nso very, very different. The culture was so very, very different. They had their\nown groups. They came in groups. They didn't have the same problem of dropping\nout that the earlier ones had had. The early ones were dropping out because of\nmarriage. Where did they find a Jewish community with a Jewish girl to marry?\nThey would go back to Europe, get a bride, come back over here and live in some\nlittle place where they tried to be Jewish. But ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015#t=16920.0,16950.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015/transcript/30620/annotation/566","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"they didn't have . . .\n\nSCHOENBERG: . . . they didn't have the support system.\n\nBLUMBERG: Yes.\n\nSCHOENBERG: There were no kosher butchers, and all the rest of it.\n\nBLUMBERG: Yes, so they dropped out. I think that the idea of Reform that had\nstarted in Europe made much more sense to them than the ethical Judaism and\nprophetic Judaism. The idea that you could be a good Jew, and a religious\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015#t=16950.0,16980.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015/transcript/30620/annotation/567","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"person, without all the ritual . . . that it was impossible for them to keep or\nto observe meant a lot to them. Then when the people came in groups, they were\nbetter able to observe it. They had the foundation of Jewish communities when\nthey arrived. It was very different from that. I'm hoping we're coming together\nmore now, and it's just . . .\n\nSCHOENBERG: What was the relationship between Dr. Marx and Rabbi [Harry]\nEpstein? ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015#t=16980.0,17010.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015/transcript/30620/annotation/568","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Did they have a relationship at all? Rabbi Epstein had been here for a\nvery long while, even at that point.\n\nBLUMBERG: I don't know. I don't think they had much of a relationship.\n\nSCHOENBERG: How about Rabbi [Joseph] Cohen from Or VeShalom? He also was a\n50-year man, I think. Was he not?\n\nBLUMBERG: I really don't know, but my impression . . . of course, it would be\nmuch better to do this in a scholarly way instead of giving impressions. I'm\nsure that a ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015#t=17010.0,17040.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015/transcript/30620/annotation/569","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"scholar could find this information very easily, maybe even in my\nbook. But I don't have it at the moment. My impression was that Rabbi [Tobias]\nGeffen and Dr. Marx must have had a relationship because these were both real\nscholars. Not that Epstein isn't, but he was a much younger man then. They\nwouldn't have been on the same par with each other. They probably would have\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015#t=17040.0,17070.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015/transcript/30620/annotation/570","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"been at odds for reasons of Zionism and other reasons. Also, I think perhaps\nthere wasn't a closeness with Cohen, if this was in fact the case, not only\nbecause he too would have been a little bit different generation, but also\nbecause Rabbi [Joseph] Cohen did not speak much English. I conversed with him in\nSpanish, but ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015#t=17070.0,17100.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015/transcript/30620/annotation/571","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"he had very little English. They were a small congregation. They\nwere like . . . the Temple was a benefactor, or Temple members were benefactors\nof their congregation. They were concerned with paying the bills and getting\nstarted and all of that in those days rather than whether they had a rapport\nwith the Reform rabbi or not.\n\nSCHOENBERG: What about ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015#t=17100.0,17130.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015/transcript/30620/annotation/572","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Rabbi Rothschild and his relationship with other rabbis\nin the community?\n\nBLUMBERG: He saw to it that he had a good one. He had a good relationship, from\nhis point of view anyway, with Rabbi Epstein. Every now and then he could sense\nthat Rabbi Epstein was at least feeling dicey if he didn't act that way toward\nhim. He managed to pull it out. He and Epstein were on a first name basis. They\nhad a ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015#t=17130.0,17160.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015/transcript/30620/annotation/573","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"good time together according to the report I got from [Rabbi] Rothschild\nwhen they traveled to Europe and Israel together in 1950.\n\nSCHOENBERG: I didn't know that.\n\nBLUMBERG: You didn't know that? They were co-chairs of the UJA [United Jewish\nAppeal] that year, the [Jewish] Federation [of Greater Atlanta].\n\nSCHOENBERG: In 1950?\n\nBLUMBERG: In 1950. Which after all was only a few years after Rabbi Rothschild\ncame here. Don't forget also that . . . now I'm giving his point of view that\nhe's ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015#t=17160.0,17190.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015/transcript/30620/annotation/574","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"given me. I don't know what Rabbi Epstein really thinks nor, I suppose, did\nmy husband know. Just think of it from Rabbi Epstein's supposed point of view.\nHe had waited all those years for the rabbi at the Temple to resign, to retire.\nA young fellow comes in. For the young fellow to pull the weight that he did and\nnot ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015#t=17190.0,17220.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015/transcript/30620/annotation/575","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"let him take his turn at being the 'chief rabbi of the city,' so to speak,\nyou can understand why he wouldn't have been real happy with this. What really\nhappened was that when a . . . not pro-Zionist because Jack Rothschild never\nconsidered himself a pro-Zionist . . . but when someone who was not an\nanti-Zionist and who was trying to bring the Temple in the mainstream and learn\nhow to be Jews, took over the ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015#t=17220.0,17250.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015/transcript/30620/annotation/576","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"bimah of the Temple, a lot of people from AA\nresigned and joined the Temple. That could not have set very well with Rabbi\nEpstein either. Jack knew this. He was sensitive to these things. He tried to\nbehave in such a way that would ameliorate these supposed bad feelings.\nApparently, they had a great time together. They were in Israel ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015#t=17250.0,17280.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015/transcript/30620/annotation/577","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"for what was\nJack's first trip in 1950. Then they were due to be a week in France visiting DP\n[displaced persons] camps. Air France, or whatever the domestic version of Air\nFrance was at the time, was on strike. Poor guys, they were stuck in Paris\n[France] for a week with no place to go, just a few installations that were\ndriving distance. This friend of mine that I had worked for in Washington was\nliving in Paris then. I'm sure ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015#t=17280.0,17310.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015/transcript/30620/annotation/578","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Rabbi Epstein had family and friends because Reva\n[Chashesman Epstein] was from there originally. They just had a ball. They came\nback. All the way over, it was either Air France or one of the really good\nairlines. They didn't have kosher food on the airlines in those days. Jack was\ntelling me about these wonderful dinners that came out. Epstein gave his portion\nto him. They had a real good time together. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015#t=17310.0,17340.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015/transcript/30620/annotation/579","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"It blew people's minds to have these\ntwo guys who were supposed to be at loggerheads with each other come back first\nnaming each other. They went on the junket. I have a picture, as a matter of\nfact, of the two of them taken at one of the television or radio stations in\nthose days . . . I think it wasn't television . . . it was [indistinct] . . .\nThe other one that he really felt like a soul mate with was [Rabbi] Emanuel\nFeldman. They were really good friends.\n\nSCHOENBERG: That's an interesting ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015#t=17340.0,17370.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015/transcript/30620/annotation/580","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"juxtaposition . . . the most Orthodox of the\nrabbis in town.\n\nBLUMBERG: That's right. Jack used to say that he and Manny agreed with each\nother completely on everything, except Judaism. It was true. They thought alike\non social issues and on everything except the theological and ritualistic part\nof Judaism. They respected each other and each other's points of view, even\nthough they didn't buy into them. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015#t=17370.0,17400.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015/transcript/30620/annotation/581","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"They were . . . that was the Harris's horses.\n\nSCHOENBERG: Who were they? Tell us about the Harris' horses now.\n\nBLUMBERG: You know, Bess Harris . . . I can see her husband now, but I can't\nthink of his first name . . . they had horses and . . .\n\nSCHOENBERG: . . . and where were their horses? What part of the city?\n\nBLUMBERG: Probably also in the same general area. I'm not sure. I think they\nlived out on ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015#t=17400.0,17430.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015/transcript/30620/annotation/582","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Powers Ferry Road. Maybe the horses were where they lived. They\nbelonged to the Temple, but they were big helpers in founding Beth Jacob. Of\ncourse, this was the beginning of Beth Jacob. Naturally they took over this\nyoung rabbi who was, I think, engaged at the time. He wasn't married when he\nactually came here. They befriended him. The two rabbis went ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015#t=17430.0,17460.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015/transcript/30620/annotation/583","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"horseback riding\ntogether. They had a wonderful time. Manny was a lot younger than Jack . . .\n\nSCHOENBERG: How old was he?\n\nBLUMBERG: . . . but Jack felt that this was an older brother feeling for him.\n\nSCHOENBERG: How old was he when he came, do you remember?\n\nBLUMBERG: My recollection is 23. It was really a wonderful, warm relationship.\nDo you want me to tell the story? I've told it in my book.\n\nSCHOENBERG: Go ahead and tell it.\n\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015#t=17460.0,17490.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015/transcript/30620/annotation/584","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"BLUMBERG: It's one of my favorite stories about what happened apropos of the two\nof them and horses. You know the story?\n\nSCHOENBERG: I know it, but go ahead and tell it.\n\nBLUMBERG: The two of them were on the dais one night waiting for whatever was to\nbegin. Frank Garson was in the middle. You know who Frank Garson is? I suppose\nanybody listening to this tape, if they don't know, they better find out. He was\nthe major benefactor with a wonderful pithy sense of humor, and an accent that I\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015#t=17490.0,17520.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015/transcript/30620/annotation/585","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"wish I could imitate. He's going like at a ping-pong match listening to these\ntwo guys talk across him about the horses. Finally, he sticks his finger into\nManny's face and says, \"You ride horseback?\" Feldman says, \"Yes, Mr. Garson. You\nthink only a Reform rabbi can ride horseback?\" Mr. Garson said, \"No. But ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015#t=17520.0,17550.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015/transcript/30620/annotation/586","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"when a\nReform rabbi falls off a horse, the people ask, 'Did he get hurt?' When an\nOrthodox rabbi falls off a horse, the people ask, 'What was he doing on a\nhorse?'\" Love it, love it. Anyway, they remained friends. They remained such\ngood friends that when my son, long after his father died, was in Israel and\nwanted to get married in Israel, he knew what the rules were. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015#t=17550.0,17580.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015/transcript/30620/annotation/587","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"He knew that his\nmother would absolutely go up in smoke if she were asked to prove that she was\nJewish and that she was married by a rabbi, when she was married to one and by\nseveral. He didn't ask me. He didn't even tell me about it until the wedding. He\nwrote to Rabbi Feldman whom he knew had impeccable credentials with chief\nrabbinate in Israel. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015#t=17580.0,17610.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015/transcript/30620/annotation/588","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"He said, \"Please kasher me so that I can get married\nlegally in Israel without asking my mother.\" So I tell you, they were good friends.\n\nSCHOENBERG: That's wonderful. Tell me about how tough it was being a rabbi's\nwife. First of all, when did you get married? What year and what was the date?\n\nBLUMBERG: December 29, 1946.\n\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015#t=17610.0,17640.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015/transcript/30620/annotation/589","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"SCHOENBERG: Who were the rabbis who married you?\n\nBLUMBERG: Dr. Marx and Rabbi Freehof from Pittsburgh. It was tough for me at\nfirst because even though I had been born here and I've always lived here. In a\nway that was an advantage. I didn't have this feeling of needing to go out and\nmake an effort to meet people. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015#t=17640.0,17670.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015/transcript/30620/annotation/590","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I already knew people. I felt friendly. I've\nalways been and still am really interested in meeting people. I don't remember\nnames, but I'm genuinely glad to see people. I usually remember a lot about them\nif I've met them before, even if I don't remember their names. In that way, it\nwas easy. But because I had grown up here, knew so many people, and had been\nbrought up in such a different milieu [French: social environment]. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015#t=17670.0,17700.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015/transcript/30620/annotation/591","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I had a\ndifficult time with my friends who didn't understand why this man that I saw fit\nto marry was trying to make them Jewish. I had a tough time being a buffer,\nbeing in the middle. I was anxious to plug into what he was teaching. I trusted\nthat what he was doing was the right thing. I was anxious to take it, but ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015#t=17700.0,17730.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015/transcript/30620/annotation/592","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I\ndidn't understand enough to know how to explain this without getting terribly\nupset myself when friends came to me instead of to him. I didn't like being the\n'middleman.' I was in this way a 'middleman' in many ways with my own family,\nwith my mother. My father didn't say much. He was just happy with the whole\nthing, but . . .\n\nSCHOENBERG: I was going to ask if your parents were pleased, displeased, or . . .\n\nBLUMBERG: . . . they were pleased. They were in shock at first, ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015#t=17730.0,17760.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015/transcript/30620/annotation/593","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"but they were\nvery pleased.\n\nSCHOENBERG: For a variety of reasons, I imagine. One of which was the mere fact\nthat you were getting married, second of which was that you were marrying\nsomeone who was Jewish.\n\nBLUMBERG: I don't think they even cared about that. I think that, to be quite\nblunt about it, the fact that he was a person of importance and of great . . .\n\nSCHOENBERG: We're back. You were ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015#t=17760.0,17790.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015/transcript/30620/annotation/594","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"talking about the difficulty of being the\nmiddle person . . . a 'middleman.'\n\nBLUMBERG: Yes. That was difficult. While I thought I had developed elephant\nskin, it was just baby elephant maybe at the time. It took a while to stop being\nbothered by things that people would say that were critical. They didn't tell me\nthings that were critical of me. That never ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015#t=17790.0,17820.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015/transcript/30620/annotation/595","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"bothers me . . . if it's done in a\nnice way. After all, I was in the theater. I was in orchestras. I'm used to\ntaking direction and critique. I appreciate it. It wasn't that. If they had\nanything against me, they told other people. If they had something against my\nhusband, they told me. That was what was difficult . . . that was very\ndifficult. How shall I put this? I was sort of betwixt and ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015#t=17820.0,17850.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015/transcript/30620/annotation/596","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"between when it came\nto affluence and the show of affluence. I had inherited beautiful things so that\nmy home and the little bit of jewelry I had and things like that looked like we\nwere affluent. We were, in fact, struggling to make it on the salary that my\nhusband had. On the other side of it . . . I had been trained . . . my\ngrandmother and my great-grandmother ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015#t=17850.0,17880.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015/transcript/30620/annotation/597","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"thought that I was going to be a 'grand\ndame.' I had the accoutrements to do it with as far as . . .\n\nSCHOENBERG: You had the manners and the stuff?\n\nBLUMBERG: I don't know about that, but I had the silver and the stuff and this\nand that, but that wasn't my lifestyle. It shouldn't have been for a young\ncouple. It couldn't be because of our income. On the other hand, all the people\nthat I was dealing with as the rabbi's wife ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015#t=17880.0,17910.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015/transcript/30620/annotation/598","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"were beautifully dressed . . . all\nof these things that I had been brought up to believe all went with the package,\nwhich I couldn't do. In a way I had a little difficulty there, but it was sort\nof a positive kind of difficulty because I knew what to expect. It wasn't as if\nyou're in business and one day you have it and one day you don't have it. It was\nsomething that we didn't have ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015#t=17910.0,17940.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015/transcript/30620/annotation/599","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and it was gradually going to get better. What I\ndid was to learn how to do the things that I really wanted to do and make\nthings. Not clothes, but I did learn to . . . in those days we wore hats. I did\nlearn how to manage with the hats. To redo them myself and that sort of thing.\n\nSCHOENBERG: To change the ribbon, the flowers, and whatever.\n\nBLUMBERG: Yes. What I could comfortably do without, which was casual things. I\nhad to have more ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015#t=17940.0,17970.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015/transcript/30620/annotation/600","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"nice looking going-out clothes than my friends did, and could\nafford them less. I learned how to manage.\n\nSCHOENBERG: You put up a good façade. Is that what you're trying to say?\n\nBLUMBERG: I don't know, but looking back on it, I think it taught me a lot. It\nwas a good exercise. I can't remember ever feeling . . . ever pushing to get\nmore money, which I know a lot of ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015#t=17970.0,18000.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015/transcript/30620/annotation/601","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"people do. I just felt that this will come in\ntime. Things will be easier in time, and they were. When the children were\nsmall, there were ways in which I had to figure out how to manage differently\nfrom my contemporaries. One example I think of was help. We had full-time help\nin those days, when we could keep it. I knew I wasn't really great at keeping\nfull-time help. If they didn't live on, they at least ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015#t=18000.0,18030.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015/transcript/30620/annotation/602","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"stayed through dinner. In\nHaynes Manor, where we lived, we had a lot of friends who were more affluent\nthan we were. They had small children, too. My friends had extra help come in .\n. . a laundress and a cleaning man. They had certain days off, because they\ncould juggle the help that they had so there would always be someone home for\nthe children. I couldn't do that. I couldn't pay as much as ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015#t=18030.0,18060.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015/transcript/30620/annotation/603","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"they were paying\nwhen you had to one up your neighbors to keep the help. I had another way of\ndoing it. My parents were in town. They were very anxious to have the children.\nThey had the children . . . Sunday was the day they wanted to have the children.\nIn order that I would not have problems with my help on so many Sundays that I\nhad to go out for weddings and things that I had to do with my husband, I gave\nmy ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015#t=18060.0,18090.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015/transcript/30620/annotation/604","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"help every Sunday off. My friends were furious with me. \"You're doing this,\nand we can't do it.\" I said, \"Did I get mad at you because you could pay more\nthan I do?\" There were all of these little petty things that happened when\nyou're young that made being a rabbi's wife difficult. Today's woman would say,\n\"Why in the devil didn't you go out and get a job?\" You just didn't in those\ndays. If I had, if it had ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015#t=18090.0,18120.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015/transcript/30620/annotation/605","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"entered my mind, I would have felt that it would\ndiminish my husband to do it. He probably wouldn't have felt that way. He would\nnever have told me not to do something I wanted to do. I wanted to go into the\ntheater. He said, \"Fine.\" But in those days, it looked as if your husband\ncouldn't take care of you. You just didn't do it if you didn't have to. There\nwere other ways of skinning a cat, and I did. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015#t=18120.0,18150.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015/transcript/30620/annotation/606","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"What else?\n\nBLUMBERG: About his death?\n\nSCHOENBERG: We've already covered all that period of civil rights and all of\nthat before so there's no point in going over that territory.\n\nBLUMBERG: Yes. Most people didn't know that he was really sick again. The\ndoctors all thought, and he thought, that he had ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015#t=18150.0,18180.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015/transcript/30620/annotation/607","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"made a great recovery from the\nheart attack that he had the middle of May.\n\nSCHOENBERG: This was in what year?\n\nBLUMBERG: Nineteen seventy-three. In fact, our doctor permitted us to go away.\nWe went down to the beach for a week before the holidays. Right after the\nholidays, they felt that Jack was well enough so that ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015#t=18180.0,18210.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015/transcript/30620/annotation/608","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"he could go back to work.\nHe had been back to work on a limited basis but that we could go on a real\nvacation. We planned it to coordinate with the Union Convention which was in New\nYork in early November. We were away for two weeks in Spain and then New York.\nWhen we came back from New York . . . first of all, our very dear friend,\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015#t=18210.0,18240.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015/transcript/30620/annotation/609","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Maurice Eisendrath, dropped dead in New York on the eve of his retirement. That\nhad been a shock. Then we got back here. I forget whether [David] Ben-Gurion\ndied before or after Maurice but it was about the same time. There were all\nthese things. There was the Yom Kippur War which was the worst thing. That\nreally required getting out to these rallies in the community to do something\nabout ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015#t=18240.0,18270.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015/transcript/30620/annotation/610","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":". . . not only about raising money, but to try to improve the feeling for Israel.\n\nSCHOENBERG: That was a terrible Fall . . .\n\nBLUMBERG: You couldn't tell a person in a leadership position, \"Take it easy.\"\nYou had to say, \"Don't go out at night,\" or specific things. They didn't. He\ntried to take it easy and do whatever the doctor told him, but he just didn't\nsucceed. There was a week in early December, ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015#t=18270.0,18300.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015/transcript/30620/annotation/611","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"when his long-time\nsecretary/administrator/factotum, the woman who really ran the Temple, dropped .\n. .\n\nSCHOENBERG: Her name?\n\nBLUMBERG: Eloise Shurgin. She was feeling miserable all day. He kept telling her\nto go home. She wouldn't go home until the end of the day. She dropped dead in\nthe carport getting out of somebody's car who drove her home because they knew\nshe was sick. Three people in the ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015#t=18300.0,18330.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015/transcript/30620/annotation/612","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"congregation, maybe it was two and Eloise,\ndied. The funerals were all within a few days. One of these women was a very\nclose friend who had had heart surgery. She died on the table.\n\nSCHOENBERG: Who was that?\n\nBLUMBERG: Hildegard Bennett [Tornow]. She and I had worked together. She was a\ndancer, dance teacher and choreographer. She and I had worked very closely\ntogether on these shows in the Fifties. We were very, very fond of her. All of\nthis took its ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015#t=18330.0,18360.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015/transcript/30620/annotation/613","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"toll. The next week he started getting chest pains. The\nspecialists all felt that it was angina. They kept telling me it's not\nlife-threatening. He just needs to take it easy to make the pain stop. Of\ncourse, we know better today. They didn't go away after he really tried to take\nit easy. It was the week between Christmas and New Year's, so he didn't have a\nlot to do ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015#t=18360.0,18390.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015/transcript/30620/annotation/614","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that week. He still couldn't make them go away. It got so bad one day\nthat . . . he had a very high threshold . . .\n\nSCHOENBERG: . . . for pain?\n\nBLUMBERG: . . . so that if anything hurt him, really hurt him so that he noticed\nit, it had to be really strong. One day he called me. I was downtown. He said,\n\"You better come home and take me down to the doctor.\" He had already taken\nhimself several times during the week. I took him ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015#t=18390.0,18420.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015/transcript/30620/annotation/615","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"to the cardiologist's office\nin Crawford Long [Hospital]. He came out to the waiting room and told me\nafterwards, \"I'm going to put him in. It's not life-threatening, but I'm going\nto put him in so we can watch him. Make him really take it easy, and get it over\nwith.\" Then he went into great detail to explain to me what an angiogram was . .\n. that if he wasn't over it in a few days that they were going to do an\nangiogram. Believe me, with my second husband and even friends, ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015#t=18420.0,18450.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015/transcript/30620/annotation/616","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"each of the two people that I have dated since my second husband died, I have gone out for\nangiograms. I feel as if I could practically perform one now. Anyway, it was\nquite different from what they do today. I don't understand. Evidently, the\nknowledge of those days was such that they didn't do them right away . . . anyway, he put him in his own room ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015#t=18450.0,18480.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015/transcript/30620/annotation/617","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"right next to the intensive care area, with all the machines and everything. He said, \"This is just to get him quiet. It's not life-threatening.\" That was New Year's Eve, and it was raining like cats and dogs. It was six 'o' clock, so it was getting dark. He said, \"Look. I'm going to be watching the games. You're not interested in them, and I'm worried about you being out on New Year's Eve in the rain at night. Go home. Go to the parties we're invited to.\" I said, \"Well, I'm not going to go to the parties, but I'll go home.\" So ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015#t=18480.0,18510.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015/transcript/30620/annotation/618","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I did, thinking that it was okay. But you think it is, and you don't think it is. You have these . . . I had been having feelings like that all week. I was under the dryer at the hairdresser three days earlier, and I saw somebody come over to take somebody for a phone call. I got the really sinking [feeling] it was me. Sure enough, I got a call about ten 'o' clock. He had died instantly, while watching the game. And my ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015#t=18510.0,18540.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015/transcript/30620/annotation/619","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"son who has a fabulous sense of humor like his father's . . . when somebody was calling us a few days later [with] the usual consolatory comment that people . . . \"Well at least he was doing what he wanted to do . . .\" Bill said, \"No, he wasn't. He would have wanted to see how the game came out.\"\n\nSCHOENBERG: Somehow, I tend to believe somewhere they find those things out.\n\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015#t=18540.0,18570.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015/transcript/30620/annotation/620","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"BLUMBERG: Oh, yeah.\n\nSCHOENBERG: Tell me about your children. I just realized, you've mentioned Bill\na couple of times. You've not mentioned your daughter.\n\nBLUMBERG: Marcia is an educational therapist and she . . .\n\nSCHOENBERG: What does that mean? What does she do?\n\nBLUMBERG: She was a schoolteacher. She has a Masters in Special Education. She\nwas a schoolteacher for Special Ed for many years. Since then . . . I think\nthat's the term for it . . . she ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015#t=18570.0,18600.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015/transcript/30620/annotation/621","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"counsels children and sometimes parents as to\nhow to handle their children who have problems with learning . . . it's not\neducational, it's learning . . .\n\nSCHOENBERG: . . . learning disabilities?\n\nBLUMBERG: . . . learning consultant. If it's the learning process that they're\nhaving trouble with, she can test them. She can do a lot of things for them.\nMainly now she does ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015#t=18600.0,18630.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015/transcript/30620/annotation/622","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"a great deal with computers, teaching them how to improve\ntheir study skills through the use of computers.\n\nSCHOENBERG: She lives here in Atlanta?\n\nBLUMBERG: Yes. She's done some writing, collaborative handbooks and textbooks.\nThings like that.\n\nSCHOENBERG: She's totally freelance? She doesn't work for anyone?\n\nBLUMBERG: Now she is. She did work with somebody. It was one of these freelance\nand yet with a group for a number of years. This year she's on her ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015#t=18630.0,18660.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015/transcript/30620/annotation/623","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"own and would\nlove to see her clientele picking back up again. She had more than she could\nhandle when she was with a group. She still has to get back to where she was.\nShe loves being alone.\n\nSCHOENBERG: How old is she now?\n\nBLUMBERG: Forty-six.\n\nSCHOENBERG: She's never been married? Your son?\n\nBLUMBERG: He's 45. You saw him just now, so you know what he looks like. The\ninteresting thing is, as far as their looks are concerned, is that people always\nthought he looked like his father ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015#t=18660.0,18690.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015/transcript/30620/annotation/624","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and she looked like me, which is not really\nthe case, except that they got the coloring in that direction. He has the\nfeatures more of my family. She has the features more of her father's family.\nShe also has her father's sense of humor, but in a little bit different way. She\nhas a terrific sense of humor, but it's not the same side of it that her brother\nhas. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015#t=18690.0,18720.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015/transcript/30620/annotation/625","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"She went to Simmons [College−Boston, Massachusetts]. They both went to\nWestminster [School--Atlanta, Georgia]. She from high school on. He from sixth\ngrade on. The reason for that was that schools were going to close. That was the\nyear that Georgia had on its books that there would be no public schools if\nordered to integrate. It was about a year after the Temple bombing. I got\ndownright hysterical. I said, \"I can ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015#t=18720.0,18750.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015/transcript/30620/annotation/626","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"take a lot of things, but I cannot take my\nchildren not having the best education they can get. You talk to Dr. Pressly\ntomorrow.\" He did and they tested well. I realize there are a lot of other kids\nwho tested well, too. If their parents or siblings hadn't gone to Westminster in\nthose days, they didn't get in. Actually, Marcia didn't get in even though she\ntested very well because there were no openings in the seventh grade. They put\non another section in ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015#t=18750.0,18780.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015/transcript/30620/annotation/627","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"boys' sixth. That's how he got in before she did. She got\nin the next year, in high school, where there were some openings.\n\nSCHOENBERG: This is Ann Hoffman Schoenberg introducing the second side of the\nfourth tape of an interview with Janice Browne Oettinger Rothschild Blumberg on\nApril 2, 1994, in Atlanta, Georgia, ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015#t=18780.0,18810.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015/transcript/30620/annotation/628","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"for the Jewish Oral History Project of\nAtlanta, co-sponsored by the American Jewish Committee, the Atlanta Jewish\nFederation, and the National Council of Jewish Women. We we're talking about\nschooling and you started to say . . .\n\nBLUMBERG: I'm very proud of both my children. I felt that in those days when\nthey went to Westminster, the boys' school was far better than the girls'\n[school]. The girls were still very social, very much in the ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015#t=18810.0,18840.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015/transcript/30620/annotation/629","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"mold of the schools\nthat had gone together to form it. Marcia got a good education, but there was\ntoo much of a social atmosphere for me to feel that it was the best place for\nher to have gone. She wanted to go, because her brother was going. I felt that\nit was the only place for him, because he really needed what they had to offer.\nHe did extremely well.\n\nSCHOENBERG: You never felt uncomfortable, ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015#t=18840.0,18870.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015/transcript/30620/annotation/630","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"as parents have in recent years, with\nthe lack of Jewish teachers and all this other business that went on?\n\nBLUMBERG: Do you know what went on . . .\n\nSCHOENBERG: . . . No, I didn't. . .\n\nBLUMBERG: . . . and how they solved it? First of all, let me answer the first\nquestion. When my children were going there, there were a number of Jewish\nfamilies whose children went there. From time to time, somebody would call my\nhusband and ask some question about their teaching Christianity. His answer was,\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015#t=18870.0,18900.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015/transcript/30620/annotation/631","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\"It is a Christian school. It says it's a Christian school. You take your\nchoice. You don't have to send your children there if you don't want it.\" It\nturned out that while our children were in high school there for two successive\nyears, the winner of the Jewish Bible Contest for the State of Georgia was a\nTemple child from Westminster. That's how badly it hurt them being in a\nChristian school. It certainly ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015#t=18900.0,18930.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015/transcript/30620/annotation/632","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"didn't hurt our children. They had their ways of\nhandling it. It enforced my feeling, which I really learned later in life and\ngot a good view of it myself for a personal value, as to the fact that the more\nyou know and the more you feel of your own faith, the better you relate to other\npeople and the better they relate to you. This has certainly proven true. Let me\ntell you what's happened in recent days. I ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015#t=18930.0,18960.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015/transcript/30620/annotation/633","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"heard about that brouhaha that they\nwere having, before I even read about it. Friends would say, \"What does Bill\nthink?\" I would ask Bill. I think that my grandson was already going there\nbefore this started, or at the time that people asked me a question. After all,\nhis child is in the school. What does he think of it? I'd ask him. He wouldn't\nanswer me anything. My answer was always, \"I think that it must have to ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015#t=18960.0,18990.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015/transcript/30620/annotation/634","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"do with\nthe trustees rather than the administration. Ever since Bill came back to\nAtlanta he has been asked from time to time to be a guest lecturer there. So if\nthey didn't want anything like this . . .\"\n\nSCHOENBERG: . . . why would they have asked him?\n\nBLUMBERG: He felt that it was home. He loved it. One of his biggest thrills when\nhe came back to live in Atlanta was that he was welcomed back at Westminster\nlike a visiting [indistinct]. Anyway, you know how they ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015#t=18990.0,19020.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015/transcript/30620/annotation/635","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"resolved the situation?\nThey took the clause out, but in such a way that they could engage non-Christian\nteachers for non-religious subjects. Guess who they engaged? I don't know if\nthey have someone else now or not. Guess who the first non-Christian teacher was\nand to teach what? ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015#t=19020.0,19050.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015/transcript/30620/annotation/636","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"My son, Bill, who is an ordained rabbi, to teach Judaic\nstudies. That's how prejudiced against Jews they are.\n\nSCHOENBERG: Interesting.\n\nBLUMBERG: I think it's great. He loves it. He's having a marvelous time.\n\nSCHOENBERG: Is he teaching full-time?\n\nBLUMBERG: No. He's a lawyer by professor.\n\nSCHOENBERG: That's what I thought.\n\nBLUMBERG: As I understand it, he has one class. He lectures one class a week\nwherever they tell him to go. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015#t=19050.0,19080.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015/transcript/30620/annotation/637","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"In other words, whatever . . .\n\nSCHOENBERG: . . . age group or whatever group of kids . . . they select the\ngroup and he . . .\n\nBLUMBERG: Yes. It may have changed since he told me about it, but I think, the\nway it is. He loves it. He's having fun. When he had his Sukkot party this year,\nI was here for it. There were a number of the teachers from Westminster and\nothers who came. It was really fun. He gets a big kick out of this.\n\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015#t=19080.0,19110.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015/transcript/30620/annotation/638","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"SCHOENBERG: Tell me about how having had a rabbi for a father influenced your\nchildren . . . just as it had a distinct impact on your life, putting you in the\nspotlight, and that sort of thing.\n\nBLUMBERG: I think it was very difficult for the children. I think they both had\nproblems because of it. They didn't discuss the problems with me, which was our\nfault, their father's and mine. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015#t=19110.0,19140.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015/transcript/30620/annotation/639","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"We didn't really know how . . . at least, I\ndidn't know how to bring this out so that they would tell us when they had\nproblems. A rabbi's child is deemed different.\n\nSCHOENBERG: I imagine it's the same with a minister's child, too. Any clergy's\nchild, don't you think?\n\nBLUMBERG: Yes. I remember once when one of them was very, very small, I was\nhaving a problem. I went to a child psychiatrist whom we knew ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015#t=19140.0,19170.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015/transcript/30620/annotation/640","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"just for\nconsultation, not with the child. I wanted to stay on track. If I sensed that I\nwas losing control of a situation, I wanted to get professional help. I'll never\nforget. I said to him, \"Look, we don't expect our children to be examples to the\ncommunity. They're not expected to do anything that other children aren't\nexpected to do, except for Sunday school. But we want them to be just . . .\" He\nlistened as long as he could. Then he said, ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015#t=19170.0,19200.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015/transcript/30620/annotation/641","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\"Do you think that when the grocer's\nwife is pregnant, the two of them sit down and talk about the fact that they're\nnot going to be special? That's why ministers and teachers and so forth have the\nworst kids on the block. Whether you intend it or not, the pressure is there and\nyou have pressure from other people.\" I remember once at camp . . . the first\nyear that they were at camp, we were talking to ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015#t=19200.0,19230.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015/transcript/30620/annotation/642","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Bill's counselor. He said\nsomething about how he was hard to handle as a kid, rambunctious. He was always\ngood and honest. He had wonderful qualities except that . . . Both of the kids\ndid, but they were just busting out all over. He especially, as far as the\nenergy was concerned. When the counselor got through telling us whatever it was\nhe had to say, I said, \"I hope you're ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015#t=19230.0,19260.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015/transcript/30620/annotation/643","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"taking disciplinary action or saying\nsomething to him at the time because after all he's living here for a month.\"\n\nSCHOENBERG: Where was he, at [Camp] Coleman?\n\nBLUMBERG: He was at Blue Star. I don't think there was a Coleman at the time.\n\nSCHOENBERG: I don't know. I'm not aware.\n\nBLUMBERG: I don't think it was that early . . . it was getting started a little\nbit later than that. He said, \"Yes, Ma'am, I did.\" I said, \"What?\" He says, \"I\ntold him, I said, 'You of ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015#t=19260.0,19290.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015/transcript/30620/annotation/644","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"all people, the rabbi's son . . . '\" If you multiply\nthe one time that we heard it by all the times it must have happened that we\ndidn't hear it, I think rabbis' and ministers' kids have a terrible time.\n\nSCHOENBERG: I think you're right. You have mentioned several times that Bill has\nhis father's kind of wry sense of humor. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015#t=19290.0,19320.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015/transcript/30620/annotation/645","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"What else about him reminds you of your\nhusband, or of you? What do you think he inherited of you?\n\nBLUMBERG: I don't know. It will probably come to me. What I think he inherited\nis his father's analytical brain. I think from me he may have gotten more of the\ncuriosity ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015#t=19320.0,19350.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015/transcript/30620/annotation/646","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"for study and research.\n\nSCHOENBERG: You have one grandson [Jacob]?\n\nBLUMBERG: He's a dream. Aren't all grandchildren? He really is insofar as what\nyou get from whom. Bill was very close to my mother but his tastes . . . he did\ninherit from my mother and from me a taste for antiques and for love and\nsentiment. That he got from me. That he really got from ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015#t=19350.0,19380.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015/transcript/30620/annotation/647","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"my side of the family.\n\nSCHOENBERG: Which is the sentimental stuff?\n\nBLUMBERG: Sentiment and also a real appreciation of having things that were\nhanded down in the family. He really cares about that. He loves woods, beautiful\nhardwood, or the beautiful woods in making up furniture. He learned cabinetry at\none time and has ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015#t=19380.0,19410.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015/transcript/30620/annotation/648","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"made some of the pieces that he has. That [is what] he's\ninterested in and it did not come from his father. The interesting thing is as\nclose as he was to my mother . . . he adored her and she him . . . he did not\npick up her interest in music. He has the same kind of appreciation for art that\nhis father had. If there's something that strikes him, ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015#t=19410.0,19440.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015/transcript/30620/annotation/649","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"fine, but not so much to\nknow art for art's sake. He loves sports. He's like his father with sports and\nwith . . . I don't know that he plays cards literally with people, but he loves\nto play card games on the computer. That was something his father did to relax.\nThere were no computers, but he would sit down to his desk at home when he was\nwaiting for me or unraveling in the evening . . .\n\nSCHOENBERG: . . . play solitaire?\n\nBLUMBERG: . . . play solitaire. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015#t=19440.0,19470.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015/transcript/30620/annotation/650","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Bill does it on the computer.\n\nSCHOENBERG: What about Jacob?\n\nBLUMBERG: Jacob is a whiz with computers. I don't know that he's ever done those\ngames, but he did do all kinds of kids' games. Jacob, interestingly enough, has\ngotten from his mother a real love of art, of going to museums of art. He\ndoesn't appreciate classical music now. He did when he was a little baby, but\nhe's gone into what's popular for kids.\n\nSCHOENBERG: He's a teenager. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015#t=19470.0,19500.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015/transcript/30620/annotation/651","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Let's face it.\n\nBLUMBERG: Yes, but I see an awful lot of my family in him. The interesting thing\nis that he gets this from his mother. She and I are very congenial, by the way.\n\nSCHOENBERG: His mother's name?\n\nBLUMBERG: Hava.\n\nSCHOENBERG: Hava. They are no longer together?\n\nBLUMBERG: That's right. They've been divorced for four years . . . something\nlike that.\n\nSCHOENBERG: She doesn't live here in the city?\n\nBLUMBERG: No, she is a professor at the University of Indiana [Bloomington, Indiana].\n\nSCHOENBERG: What is her field?\n\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015#t=19500.0,19530.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015/transcript/30620/annotation/652","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"BLUMBERG: Judaics, specifically Medieval Jewish Literature, Philosophy and\nHistory. She's an expert on mysticism. Not a mystic herself, but . . .\n\nSCHOENBERG: . . . but has studied it.\n\nBLUMBERG: Yes. I've heard her give a lecture on it. She's excellent. She's brilliant.\n\nSCHOENBERG: Bill is about to remarry?\n\nBLUMBERG: Yes.\n\nSCHOENBERG: When will he be married? ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015#t=19530.0,19560.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015/transcript/30620/annotation/653","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Have they set a date?\n\nBLUMBERG: When they get their housing situation settled.\n\nSCHOENBERG: They haven't set a date?\n\nBLUMBERG: No. They haven't set a date because they each have children living\nwith them. They have to get their living situation settled before they can . . .\n\nSCHOENBERG: . . . he's engaged to Brenda?\n\nBLUMBERG: Brenda Ives. She's lovely. She has two lovely daughters. It's all very nice.\n\nSCHOENBERG: Tell me about his education, or I should say his career status. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015#t=19560.0,19590.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015/transcript/30620/annotation/654","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"He\nhas changed his careers several times, has he not?\n\nBLUMBERG: I tell you, I was going to write my son the folk singer all over\nagain. Believe it or not, at one time when he was in Israel studying to be a\nrabbi he was a professional bluegrass singer. Not singer so much, but he plays\nguitar . . . banjo?\n\nSCHOENBERG: Banjo. Some stringed instrument . . .\n\nBLUMBERG: He took it like a security blanket when he went away. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015#t=19590.0,19620.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015/transcript/30620/annotation/655","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"He was playing\nin a coffee house. A group asked him if he could join them, because they were\ngetting bookings on Shabbat [Hebrew: Sabbath] Friday night, to be flown down to\nthe military bases and entertain. So he did. But no, he did not mention wanting\nto be a rabbi to his father, but once in a secondary fashion. When we were\nreading his applications for college, one of ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015#t=19620.0,19650.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015/transcript/30620/annotation/656","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"them wanted a first and second\nchoice for career. Always the first choice was lawyer. In this case, the second\nchoice was rabbi. His father looked at it and screamed at him and said, \"You\njust put that down to aggravate me, didn't you?\" He never said another word\nabout it. I think after his father died, this must have started to weigh in on\nhim. He didn't mention it to me for a year or so after that . . . I guess a year\nbecause he was ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015#t=19650.0,19680.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015/transcript/30620/annotation/657","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"finishing law school when his father died. It was about a year\nlater that he let me know that he was applying to Hebrew Union College.\n\nSCHOENBERG: He was ordained, he was married in Israel, and then he came back to\nthe United States. Did he have . . . ?\n\nBLUMBERG: . . . he had to finish school . . . just the first year he was in\nJerusalem [Israel].\n\nSCHOENBERG: Then he came back?\n\nBLUMBERG: Then he was ordained. He was for two years an assistant rabbi in ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015#t=19680.0,19710.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015/transcript/30620/annotation/658","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"New\nRochelle [New York]. Then he went back to law.\n\nSCHOENBERG: He decided that it really wasn't for him on a full-time basis?\n\nBLUMBERG: The funny thing was we had a very dear friend, his father's, I'd say,\nclosest friend from Hebrew Union College days. He had left the rabbinate to go\ninto his father-in-law's business. They lived in New Rochelle [New York], and he\nwas a member of the Board. Even from Bill's college days at Yale\n[University−New Haven, Connecticut], this was like his home away from home.\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015#t=19710.0,19740.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015/transcript/30620/annotation/659","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"When he was talking about leaving the rabbinate, I said, \"Do me a favor. Ask\nJerry.\" My husband and I always felt that Jerry was regretful. He never said it,\nbut that he was a little wistful about leaving the rabbinate.\n\nSCHOENBERG: About his decision?\n\nBLUMBERG: Yes. So I said, \"Talk to Jerry.\" He said, \"I can't do that. It's not\nethical. He's on the Board. I can't consult him until after I've made up my mind\nand told the proper people.\" ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015#t=19740.0,19770.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015/transcript/30620/annotation/660","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"When that had happened, I said, \"Have you talked to\nJerry now?\" He said, \"Yes.\" I said, \"What did Jerry say?\" He was quiet for a\nminute and looked sort of sheepish. He said, \"Jerry said that he was really glad\nI had made that decision, because when I got up to preach I always sounded like\na lawyer.\" I'm happy. He's happy. That's the important thing.\n\nSCHOENBERG: He still functions occasionally in a rabbinic way?\n\nBLUMBERG: When they ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015#t=19770.0,19800.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015/transcript/30620/annotation/661","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"need him. I think he's happy being on the Board of the\nTemple and having an input. I don't think he's on the Board any more now, but he\nwas. He still takes on volunteer jobs there. I think he's on the Board of the\nDavis School. I know that he likes having the education that enables him to\nfunction in a semi-professional way as a community leader, but not to earn his\nliving that way and have it full-time. I don't think he ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015#t=19800.0,19830.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015/transcript/30620/annotation/662","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"realized how long it\ntakes to pay your dues, so to speak. When he remembered his father . . . the\nfirst he knew . . . his father had been a rabbi for 12 years when he was born.\nBy the time he was thinking about it, his father was already an important person\nin the community.\n\nSCHOENBERG: You don't start out that way.\n\nBLUMBERG: You don't start out that way. I don't think he realized how many years\nit takes to get to the point where, let alone important, where you can ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015#t=19830.0,19860.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015/transcript/30620/annotation/663","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"even\nfunction in a place like New York. What this assistant, or the rabbi of a small\ncongregation, when you're going up the steps, what can he do? You don't have to\nbe important, but you have to have enough of a platform to be able to give what\nyou think you can give in an intellectual way, a leadership way. I never really\ndiscussed ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015#t=19860.0,19890.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015/transcript/30620/annotation/664","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"it with him, but it looked fairly obvious to me that he really didn't\nrealize that you can't just step out there and do the things, even for the\ncommon good. Especially if you live in New York. Especially if you live in New York.\n\nSCHOENBERG: He just picked a bad place to start. He should have started in a\nsmall town in the South . . . a Macon [Georgia].\n\nBLUMBERG: Yes. How do you think he would have functioned in Macon?\n\nSCHOENBERG: They would have loved him.\n\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015#t=19890.0,19920.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015/transcript/30620/annotation/665","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"BLUMBERG: He would have loved them as individuals. He does love them. In fact,\nthe man who wanted him there, who was a perennial president of the Temple, is a\nvery dear friend and married to a distant relative. This, in a way, happened to\nhis father about Columbus when they wanted him when he was new and having a\nterrible time here. That's a nice story that I like. Would you like that story?\n\nSCHOENBERG: Yes. Tell me.\n\nBLUMBERG: We were sitting like this on our porch, just ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015#t=19920.0,19950.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015/transcript/30620/annotation/666","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"wondering. I think Bill\nwas not quite here yet. Marcia was a baby. We were really wondering how we were\ngoing to manage. Things were about as bad as they got. The phone rings . . .\n\nSCHOENBERG: . . . you're talking about both financially, and with Dr. Marx?\n\nBLUMBERG: Yes, and with the congregation. In the midst of this, the phone rings.\nHe answers it. It was Simon Schwob. The ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015#t=19950.0,19980.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015/transcript/30620/annotation/667","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"three monied moguls with that\ncongregation I will mention. That's the part of the story. Simon Schwob was one\nof them, probably the leader of them. He tried to talk Jack into coming to\nColumbus. He had no children. He has a nephew who has taken over his business, I\nthink. It's Schwobilt Clothes. He said, \"I will endow ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015#t=19980.0,20010.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015/transcript/30620/annotation/668","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"the rabbinate for your\nlife if you will come and take it. I know how bad things are for you now.\" Jack\nhesitated just long enough for [Simon] to realize on the other end of the phone\nthat he was hesitating. He kind of looked at me, because I guess he figured that\nI could tell what the conversation was and he wanted a reaction from me. Schwob\nsaid, \"I promise you [a] lifetime [of] comfortable living. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015#t=20010.0,20040.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015/transcript/30620/annotation/669","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Sidney Simons is your\ncousin.\" That's my mother's first cousin, a close, close relationship. \"Your\nname is Rothschild. What more can you want?\" The big family in Columbus in the\nJewish community are the Rothschilds. It was funny. They were all good friends,\nbut mother wouldn't go there to live after she had . . .\n\nSCHOENBERG: It's a too small pond?\n\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015#t=20040.0,20070.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015/transcript/30620/annotation/670","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"BLUMBERG: Not so much for your ego, but for your intellectual enrichment. My\ncousin Sydney Simons Klumak Meadows [sp] moved here for the same reason. Do you\nknow her?\n\nSCHOENBERG: Yes. I've talked with her on the phone.\n\nBLUMBERG: Yes. It wasn't the kind of life mother wanted. It ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015#t=20070.0,20100.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015/transcript/30620/annotation/671","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"certainly isn't the\nkind of life I wanted or he wanted. G-d forbid he should have tried to be a\nCivil Rights leader . . .\n\nSCHOENBERG: . . . in Columbus. . .\n\nBLUMBERG: . . . that would have . . . all of Simon Schwob's money wouldn't have\nhelped him with that.\n\nSCHOENBERG: I know what I was going to ask you. Something I skipped over. It was\nthe founding of Temple Sinai and the relationship that your husband had with\n[Rabbi] Dick Lehrmann. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015#t=20100.0,20130.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015/transcript/30620/annotation/672","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I wanted to at least get some input on that, because we\ndid not talk about it.\n\nBLUMBERG: Dick looked upon him as a real mentor. He went to the cemetery much\nmore than I did. He told me that he really went to the cemetery and tried to\ncommune with him.\n\nSCHOENBERG: Dick Lehrmann had been his assistant?\n\nBLUMBERG: Yes.\n\nSCHOENBERG: For three or four years?\n\nBLUMBERG: Three years, which was the rule in those days: ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015#t=20130.0,20160.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015/transcript/30620/annotation/673","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"three years right out\nof school. What Jack had in mind was when the time came, a few years before\nretirement, he would get them to take whoever he had that he liked as an\nassociate so that he could, if the congregation wanted, be in a position to take\nover. What happened was he got the person he wanted, which was Alvin [Sugarman].\nWhen he died, unbeknownst to the congregation, the Board . . . I knew and ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015#t=20160.0,20190.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015/transcript/30620/annotation/674","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Jack\nknew that the Board had already decided to make Alvin an associate, looking\nforward to taking over . . .\n\nSCHOENBERG . . . his eventual taking over?\n\nBLUMBERG: . . . yes . . .\n\nSCHOENBERG: . . . not quite as soon as he did.\n\nBLUMBERG: No. They would have had to open it up and go through a process. Alvin\nwould have had the inside track because that's what the Board and a lot of other\npeople wanted. Even if Jack had lived, the chances are that it would have been\nthe same outcome. I think it was unfortunate for Alvin, because he ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015#t=20190.0,20220.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015/transcript/30620/annotation/675","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"got it before\nhe was entrenched enough and seasoned enough to be able to do it without a lot\nof difficulty. Fortunately, he came through the difficulty beautifully.\n\nSCHOENBERG: What difficulty do you refer to?\n\nBLUMBERG: I think, in any case, that people compare. The transition is going to\nbe hard.\n\nSCHOENBERG: It's easier, though, if the old man is no more . . . as ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015#t=20220.0,20250.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015/transcript/30620/annotation/676","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"opposed to\nDr. Marx who is definitely there.\n\nBLUMBERG: Yes. In some cases it is. What Jack always said he was going to do\nwhen he retired was, if he could afford it, take six months or so going around\nthe world and get out of the hair of his successor. I think he would have. In\nfact, he had a reputation of being a very, very good senior rabbi with the guys\nthat ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015#t=20250.0,20280.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015/transcript/30620/annotation/677","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"he interviewed. The only time he didn't get the pick of the crop was when\nhis friend [Rabbi] Roland Gittelsohn in Boston was looking for an assistant at\nthe same time. The lure of Roland and Boston was something that Atlanta couldn't\ncompete with, but Jack had a wonderful reputation with the young rabbis as to\nhow he treated them. I know that he and Alvin would have gotten along fine,\nbecause they did get along fine. They had such a ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015#t=20280.0,20310.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015/transcript/30620/annotation/678","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"great respect and love for each\nother. After all, Jack was proud of Alvin. He had confirmed him and helped him\nget to Hebrew Union College. Alvin was what Jack had dreamed about.\n\nSCHOENBERG: What was the relationship with Dick?\n\nBLUMBERG: Very, very good. They had a wonderful warm feeling for each other.\n\nSCHOENBERG: Do you know anything about how the congregation [Temple Sinai]\nformed? ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015#t=20310.0,20340.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015/transcript/30620/annotation/679","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"What the genesis of all that was?\n\nBLUMBERG: Yes. There had been a need for another Reform congregation in Atlanta\nfor a long time.\n\nSCHOENBERG: The [congregation] that you mentioned that had died aborning\napparently, the one that was related to the group who were anti-Zionists. That\nmust have been back in the late Forties?\n\nBLUMBERG: Yes. It didn't even frighten us. We both had the view of people who\nwere pushing for it ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015#t=20340.0,20370.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015/transcript/30620/annotation/680","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"as having so unrealistic an idea of the philanthropy that it\nwould take to be able to do such a thing, that it wouldn't happen. They were not\ngoing to be willing to give that much money. They weren't that committed. That\nindeed is what happened.\n\nSCHOENBERG: Yes, but the second . . .\n\nBLUMBERG: At least, I think it's what happened because it didn't happen.\n\nSCHOENBERG: . . . but the second coming, the Temple Sinai, obviously has been successful.\n\nBLUMBERG: That was totally different. This is something funny. The ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015#t=20370.0,20400.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015/transcript/30620/annotation/681","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"second Reform\ncongregation in every city I know about, and it was formed about the same time.\nI don't know what reason for it, but they're all called 'Temple Sinai.'\nPittsburgh [Pennsylvania], Washington [D.C.], they're all Temple Sinai. Not\nKansas City [Missouri]. That's called New Reform [Temple]. Those were people, or\na lot of them, who were rebelling in the same way with Cleveland. They were\nrebelling against ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015#t=20400.0,20430.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015/transcript/30620/annotation/682","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"what they thought was too much Zionism.\n\nSCHOENBERG: Yes. They were going back to more Classical.\n\nBLUMBERG This was to be expected. We went away . . . I think we were in Israel,\nbecause we wouldn't have gone anyplace else for several weeks in the middle of\nthe winter. Yes, that's what it was. It was 1968. It was the third year for ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015#t=20430.0,20460.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015/transcript/30620/annotation/683","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Dick\nLehrmann at the Temple. I think he had interviewed for other places, but he\ndidn't really want to go someplace else. That's the thing about Atlanta. People\nnever wanted to leave Atlanta. Jack's first assistant left the rabbinate, at\nleast for a few years, rather than leave Atlanta.\n\nSCHOENBERG: Who was that?\n\nBLUMBERG: Stuart Davis. Then Dick stayed. The next one was [Philip M.] Posner,\nbut he left. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015#t=20460.0,20490.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015/transcript/30620/annotation/684","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I understand that some of the assistants since Jack died have\nstayed. Anyway, there was a need for another congregation. Dick went with our\nblessings, the blessings of the Temple. I was a little bit hurt. I felt that\nthis had come upon us suddenly. That Dick was taking advantage of Jack being as\nlenient and friendly as he was. I had really looked ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015#t=20490.0,20520.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015/transcript/30620/annotation/685","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"forward to a few years of\nJack not being as pushed as he was . . . not having to worry about not getting\neverything done . . . competition, and all those hassles that you had. I thought\nthat he had reached the stage where now he can have a few years of comfort.\nHaving another congregation start was, to me . . . apparently, I was wrong.\n\nSCHOENBERG: . . . seemed more threatening than . . .\n\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015#t=20520.0,20550.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015/transcript/30620/annotation/686","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"BLUMBERG: . . . yes. It wasn't that I didn't want it to happen because I knew it\nshould happen in Atlanta. I just felt that the timing and the fact that they had\naccomplished this in our absence, I was irritated. Apparently, I was wrong.\nNeither my children nor my husband agreed with me. They thought I was being\nreally nasty, because I couldn't bring myself to say 'congratulations' ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015#t=20550.0,20580.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015/transcript/30620/annotation/687","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and be\nreally warm about it to start with. I do realize that I was wrong. It certainly\nneeded to be.\n\nSCHOENBERG: Since then, there have been several others.\n\nBLUMBERG: Yes. The city has grown. It had been time for another one for a long\ntime. I saw the leadership . . . they finally had some good young leadership at\nthe Temple. I saw this being siphoned off to another congregation. That kind of\nbothered me, ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015#t=20580.0,20610.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015/transcript/30620/annotation/688","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"because I didn't want him to have to work so hard.\n\nSCHOENBERG: You were selfishly looking out for your husband's interests. That\nwas very common. It's very understandable.\n\nBLUMBERG: Yes, kind of protective.\n\nSCHOENBERG: Exactly. Looking at my notes . . . one thing I will get into, the\nlast part of your life, though it has not been spent primarily here in the city\nof Atlanta. Before I do, ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015#t=20610.0,20640.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015/transcript/30620/annotation/689","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"can you just briefly go into a little bit of your\nrelationship with some of the black leadership. Do you have time . . .\n\nBLUMBERG: . . . another 15 minutes?\n\nSCHOENBERG: Yes, just very briefly.\n\nBLUMBERG: Don't let me talk too long.\n\nSCHOENBERG: You've been very generous with your time today. Some of the\nleadership of the black community that you feel you had special rapport with\nduring those years of the Civil Rights Movement.\n\nBLUMBERG: Certainly with ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015#t=20640.0,20670.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015/transcript/30620/annotation/690","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Sam and Billye Williams [Aaron]. I worked on a panel of\n\"Rearing Children of Good Will.\" Did I tell you about this before? This was in\nthe early Sixties it must have been because that was preparatory to the schools\nintegrating. It was sponsored by the National Conference of Christians and Jews.\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015#t=20670.0,20700.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015/transcript/30620/annotation/691","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"The original mothers on this panel, which was part of a day-long seminar, and\nsupposedly just one day. The mothers were . . . Sara McDougall, I think, was the\nmoderator. She was, I believe, on the school board then . . . liberal, wonderful\nlady. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015#t=20700.0,20730.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015/transcript/30620/annotation/692","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"The panelists were Coretta [Scott] King, myself, Eleanor Troutman Bockman\nfor the Catholics, and Dorothy Chang, who was Protestant-Chinese. We were such a\nraving success that we kept getting more and more bookings. We had to get\nsubstitutes for ourselves. It really was a wonderful experience. Coretta didn't\nhave ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015#t=20730.0,20760.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015/transcript/30620/annotation/693","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"time to do any more. We were friends because our husbands were friends. She\ndidn't go out on those. I did . . . through that get to know Carolyn Yancey. She\nwas Coretta's first substitute. I don't remember whether there was another one.\nIt was interesting. We met people from all these different school districts and\nchurches. We were a program.\n\nSCHOENBERG: Had you realized growing up here at all that ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015#t=20760.0,20790.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015/transcript/30620/annotation/694","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"there was a parallel\nsociety in the black community? Were you at all aware of that?\n\nBLUMBERG: When you say parallel, you mean . . .\n\nSCHOENBERG: . . . there was an upper middle-class group of families in the black\ncommunity who were interested in good music . . . who were interested in art . .\n. who were doing some of the same things that upper middle-class white people\nwere doing. They were just doing it themselves in their own quiet little way in\ntheir own little corner of the world.\n\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015#t=20790.0,20820.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015/transcript/30620/annotation/695","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"BLUMBERG: I can't honestly recall whether I was conscious of it or not. I\ncertainly would have known . . .\n\nSCHOENBERG: . . . did it surprise you to find that out?\n\nBLUMBERG: No, no, no. Whether I knew it or not did not impact on my feeling for\nthe potential. I guess I didn't know when I was growing up, a child, that there\nwas such community or the universities. But I certainly knew it before the Civil\nRights ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015#t=20820.0,20850.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015/transcript/30620/annotation/696","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Movement started. I always had the feeling, as I'm sure my mother did\ntoo, that there wasn't anything inherently other class about the color of one's\nskin. We knew that there were these intellectuals in other cities. In fact, I\nwrote an article about this on Yom Kippur in the ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015#t=20850.0,20880.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015/transcript/30620/annotation/697","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Washington Hebrew\n[Congregation]. They have layman's hour between morning and afternoon services.\n\nSCHOENBERG: Between services . . .\n\nBLUMBERG: I was asked to be one of the speakers one year. It happened to be . .\n. I was writing and working on it, as I saw the announcement that Atlanta [had]\ngotten the Olympics.\n\nWhat I wrote . . . they always want from your own personal experience. It made\nme go back and tie in ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015#t=20880.0,20910.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015/transcript/30620/annotation/698","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"all of my experience with Driving Miss Daisy. It was also\nthe year of the winner it won the Academy Awards. Also, the Olympics. It made me\nrealize and recall . . . then I turned it into an article. It was in Reform\nJudaism. [loud noises in the background, distracting] ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015#t=20910.0,20940.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015/transcript/30620/annotation/699","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I recall for that article\nthe attitude I had. For example, I spent one summer, the summer of 1941, in\nCalifornia going to drama school. I became friendly with the two black kids who\nwere in the show with me. One was the maid and one was the butler, of course.\nThey were theater kids. When the summer was over, ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015#t=20940.0,20970.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015/transcript/30620/annotation/700","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I told my mother that this\ngirl sometimes got to Atlanta with her parents in theater. I told her when she\ndid to please come and visit me. Mother looked shocked. I said, \"But Mother, how\ncan you tell me this? You're the one who told me to judge your friends by the\ncontent . . .\n\nSCHOENBERG: . . . of character . . .\n\nBLUMBERG: . . . by the content of your character rather than the color of the\nskin.\" Basically, that's what she had always taught me. I said, \"How can you?\"\nShe said, \"I didn't say you couldn't be friendly with her, but stop and think.\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015#t=20970.0,21000.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015/transcript/30620/annotation/701","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"If she comes to visit you, where will you take her? Who will you invite to come\nover and be with her? How will you entertain her?\" She says, \"This is a\npractical matter. This has got nothing to do with your being friendly with her.\nBut what kind of a time do you think she would have visiting you in Atlanta?\" We\nwere getting mixed messages, but I always had this attitude because it had been\ninstilled in me from family.\n\nSCHOENBERG: Quickly, ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015#t=21000.0,21030.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015/transcript/30620/annotation/702","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"since your widowhood, you got more involved with your\ncareer as far as your writing is concerned?\n\nBLUMBERG: No, less.\n\nSCHOENBERG: Less?\n\nBLUMBERG: I haven't had time. No. I did write a book. In fact, I wrote two\nbooks. One of them hasn't been published.\n\nSCHOENBERG The name of the book that was published is?\n\nBLUMBERG: One Voice: Rabbi Jacob M. Rothschild and the Troubled South.\n\nSCHOENBERG: The one that isn't published? ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015#t=21030.0,21060.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015/transcript/30620/annotation/703","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Or do you not want to say?\n\nBLUMBERG: No, we don't. It's a novel. It was called Race Out. We don't know what\nwe're going to call it. If we ever get anybody interested in being an agent\nagain and I rewrite it, maybe I'll find a title. I did it in collaboration with\na couple from South Africa. It's an anti-apartheid novel very much based on\nfacts. When they were feeding this to me some years ago . . . it was ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015#t=21060.0,21090.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015/transcript/30620/annotation/704","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"five and\nsix years ago. We finished it just before my husband died, I remember. At least\nwe finished whatever draft it was that we could then show to people. It's had\nseveral more since then. There was so much violence and so many awful things\nthat they said they wanted in it. They'd tell me the story or sometimes write me\na resume of a particular incident. Then I would put it on the ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015#t=21090.0,21120.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015/transcript/30620/annotation/705","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"computer in my own\nwords and tie it in. We met together for the structure, the characters and the\nplot. I would say, \"Nobody's going to believe that. How can you do it?\" They had\nnewspaper clippings to substantiate, or papers of people. They had\nsubstantiation for everything they told me they wanted in it. Since then, most\nof these things have come out in the newspaper since the opening up of and doing\naway with apartheid. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015#t=21120.0,21150.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015/transcript/30620/annotation/706","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"This was an interesting experience. I had been to South\nAfrica a couple of times and had interviewed people there hoping to write about\nit. I was really particularly plugged into what was happening there because of\nmy experience here in Atlanta. There were so many parallels, even though the\nvast difference was in numbers and in legislation because we had ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015#t=21150.0,21180.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015/transcript/30620/annotation/707","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"our federal\ngovernment and our Constitution. This country was on the side of civil rights,\neven though they didn't do anything about it for 100 years. It was still written\ninto the Constitution. It was written into the Constitution in the opposite\ndirection in Africa. I would always let a South African know that I did\nunderstand what the basic differences were. The reactions of people were things\nthat I . . . I had heard them before, ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015#t=21180.0,21210.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015/transcript/30620/annotation/708","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"here. Anyway, I enjoy writing.\n\nSCHOENBERG: How long were you a widow before you remarried?\n\nBLUMBERG: The first time a very short time. My two husbands were friends of each other.\n\nSCHOENBERG: Your second husband's name was?\n\nBLUMBERG: David Blumberg.\n\nSCHOENBERG: At the time you married him, he was . . .\n\nBLUMBERG: . . . he was International President of B'nai B'rith, and he was an\ninsurance executive. He was so much ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015#t=21210.0,21240.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015/transcript/30620/annotation/709","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"into B'nai B'rith. He was spending 90\npercent of his time at that. It never occurred to me that I should learn\nanything about business, try to relate to businesspeople. We went to all kinds\nof company meetings and things like that. I chit chatted with their wives, but\nthe more I saw of them the more I realized that they were Republican\nconservatives. It really . . .\n\nSCHOENBERG: . . . and you had little in common?\n\nBLUMBERG: . . . this was culture shock. The Jewish part of it was wonderful,\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015#t=21240.0,21270.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015/transcript/30620/annotation/710","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"because it was the same people and the same issues. Just some of the names were\nchanged. It was B'nai B'rith, instead of Union of American Hebrew Congregations.\n\nSCHOENBERG: The politics is all there, right?\n\nBLUMBERG: Yes, but even some of the people. One of my favorite stories was Rabbi\nDavid Wice from Philadelphia and his wife Sophie, were close friends of my\nhusband's and of Jack's. On our honeymoon in New York, the first day walking\ndown the street we bumped into them. They were staying ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015#t=21270.0,21300.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015/transcript/30620/annotation/711","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"at the same hotel. We saw\nthem a number of times while we were in New York that week. Shortly after David\nand I married, of course that was constant travel . . .\n\nSCHOENBERG: What year was this?\n\nBLUMBERG: In 1975. This was constant travel . . . for the year-and-a-half to\nthree years. Now I forget. For the time that he was the president of B'nai\nB'rith, we never stopped traveling. It was all one big honeymoon. The first real\ntrip we ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015#t=21300.0,21330.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015/transcript/30620/annotation/712","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"took, which was just a few weeks later, was for a meeting he had in\nGeneva [Switzerland]. The president of the World Union of Progressive Judaism at\nthe time was David Wice. When I walked into the room, everybody is introducing\nmy David's new wife to everybody. They start to introduce me to the Wices. I\nsaid, \"I know them. They always go on my honeymoons with me.\" David Wice and I\nhave seen each other ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015#t=21330.0,21360.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015/transcript/30620/annotation/713","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"a few times in recent years since we're both widowed again.\nWe joke about it. People say . . .\n\nSCHOENBERG: . . . maybe it's time to go on another honeymoon?\n\nBLUMBERG: No, no, no, no. He's a bit old for me, but we are good friends.\n\nSCHOENBERG Obviously that turned out to be a happy relationship . . .\n\nBLUMBERG: . . . yes.\n\nSCHOENBERG: . . . with David Blumberg?\n\nBLUMBERG: It was wonderful. It was really wonderful. The strange thing that\nfriends found strange, and I guess ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015#t=21360.0,21390.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015/transcript/30620/annotation/714","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"in retrospect I do, too . . . I didn't think\nabout it at the time . . . is that we were so different. I didn't think about it\nat the time. Our tastes were different. We were just on absolute different wave\nlengths about most things . . . about a lot of things culturally, but we were\ntotally compatible. We really had a wonderful, wonderful life together. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015#t=21390.0,21420.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015/transcript/30620/annotation/715","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"My\nchildren not only learned to love him, but I think Bill missed David more than I\ndid even. They were really close.\n\nSCHOENBERG: He had children as well?\n\nBLUMBERG: One. Jim Blumberg who lives in . . . Actually, David always pronounced\nit 'Bloomberg.' I've gotten used to saying 'Blumberg,' but he did occasionally.\nWhen somebody might want to spell it, and you're meeting them for the first\ntime, that's when it made me start saying 'Blumberg.' Jim lives in ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015#t=21420.0,21450.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015/transcript/30620/annotation/716","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Nashville\n[Tennessee]. We're very good friends. He has two wonderful sons, one of whom got\nmarried last summer. Just last week, I had second night of seder with him, his\nbride and her parents. It was really, really nice. Delightful people. His\nyounger brother is a sophomore in college. Each of the boys, counting Jacob\nRothschild, ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015#t=21450.0,21480.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015/transcript/30620/annotation/717","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"is five years apart.\n\nSCHOENBERG: It's kind of a spread for young people. But the time will come . . .\n\nBLUMBERG: Yes. Now I'm getting two granddaughters, one of whom is a little one\nwith Bill's marriage, and I'm looking forward to that.\n\nSCHOENBERG: Do you have anything else that you would like to include that you\nthought about? One thing I just happened to think about. You told me on the\nphone that you found an old photograph of you and all of ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015#t=21480.0,21510.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015/transcript/30620/annotation/718","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"the other rebbitzin in\nthe community.\n\nBLUMBERG: Yes!\n\nSCHOENBERG: That was the first women's division?\n\nBLUMBERG: No. It wasn't the first women's division . . . in either 1968 or 1969,\nI was asked to chair the Women's Division Israel Bonds. I had definite ideas\nabout how to do this. I think at that time I was already working on the Visit\nIsrael program, which was ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015#t=21510.0,21540.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015/transcript/30620/annotation/719","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"designed by the then director general of the Ministry\nof Israel Tourism, to promote tourism. What he was doing was trying to get\npeople to form committees in different cities around the world. He asked me to\ndo it in Atlanta. In conjunction with that, I was . . .\n\nSCHOENBERG: . . . is that when they brought that big wonderful art show here?\n\nBLUMBERG: No, I think . . .\n\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015#t=21540.0,21570.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015/transcript/30620/annotation/720","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"SCHOENBERG: What was it called . . . maskit?\n\nBLUMBERG: Actually, I don't remember. 'Maskit' actually is not art, it's . . .\n\nSCHOENBERG: . . . crafts and all kinds of . . .\n\nBLUMBERG: Yes. The America-Israel Cultural Foundation. . . I'm a member of the\nWashington group. For the last number of years, they have been thought of as\njust being music. Of course, Isaac Stern started it. It is mostly music because\nof him, but ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015#t=21570.0,21600.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015/transcript/30620/annotation/721","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"it's also arts and crafts. That's another story. But I said, \"Yes, I\nwill do it.\" I wanted to incorporate it all into Bonds. I had an idea of what I\nwanted to do with the Bond drive to make people realize that their bond money\nwas not charity. People were mixing it up with [the United Jewish Appeal] . . .\n\nSCHOENBERG: . . . it's an investment.\n\nBLUMBERG: Yes. It's an investment. It may be charitable for you not to make the\ninterest that you would make on something else, but still you've got to\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015#t=21600.0,21630.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015/transcript/30620/annotation/722","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"understand that this is for charity. This is an investment.\n\nSCHOENBERG: We're going to do this quickly. This is Ann Hoffman Schoenberg\ninterviewing Janice Oettinger Rothschild Blumberg for the Jewish Oral History\nProject of Atlanta, co-sponsored by the American Jewish Committee, the Atlanta\nJewish Federation, and the National Council of Jewish Women.\n\nBLUMBERG: We were talking about the [Israel] bond drive. I knew our\ncongregation. I knew that I wasn't going to have enough pull to make this thing\ncome off, or enough friends who were really interested in ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015#t=21630.0,21660.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015/transcript/30620/annotation/723","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"doing things for\nIsrael. After all, I was pro-Israel, but I was also realistic. I said,\n\n\"Why don't you get all of the rebbitzins to be co-chairs with me.\" That was\nfine. They said they would. I invited them all for morning coffee, first calling\nEstelle Feldman to find out what to do so that they would accept coffee at my\nhouse, and where to buy the cookies. What to serve and all and so forth. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015#t=21660.0,21690.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015/transcript/30620/annotation/724","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I think\nall of them came. I'm not sure. I remember that Reva Epstein was a big, big\nhelp. Yet in the picture that I have from the newspaper, she is the only one who\nis not in it. I do remember feeling so proud that these women were all together\nin my living room [although not for the first time.]. Except for when my\ndaughter was born, our first ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015#t=21690.0,21720.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015/transcript/30620/annotation/725","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"child, all the rebbetzins came to call on me.\n\nSCHOENBERG: Interesting.\n\nBLUMBERG: Reva [Chashesman Epstein], Louisa [Palatchi] Cohen . . . I don't\nremember the one . . . it couldn't have been all of them, because Mrs. [Sara\nHene] Geffen was too old . . . I don't think Mrs. Geffen was there. There was\nsome other one. Of course, the Feldmans weren't here yet. There was no Beth\nJacob then. Other than that, I do believe that this was the first time that we\nhad all been in a room together. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015#t=21720.0,21750.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015/transcript/30620/annotation/726","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"That picture reminds me of it. I'm very pleased\nabout that.\n\nOne more thing that I would like to say very briefly. I don't know whether\nfuture researchers will give a darn about this, but I'm very interested. I feel\nthat the culmination of everything that I've done and learned throughout my\nlife, which was mostly in Atlanta and it was based on the input here . . . I'm\nputting ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015#t=21750.0,21780.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015/transcript/30620/annotation/727","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"to the volunteer job that I have now which is also full-time as Chairman\nof the Board of the B'nai B'rith Klutznick National Jewish Museum. This is the\nkind of learning . . . pleasant, sugar-coated learning procedure that I feel we\nbadly need in this country. I'm delighted to see that Atlanta is starting to\nhave an Archive and ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015#t=21780.0,21810.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015/transcript/30620/annotation/728","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"a collection. I would hope that our National Jewish Museum\nin Washington will eventually have the kind of backing that will enable us to\nsend out really fine traveling exhibits. Right now we can't do it, but we have\nsome great opportunities. We have some great opportunities . . . we have an\nopportunity because of the loan of a collection that has been offered us from an\nEuropean collector to become the ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015#t=21810.0,21840.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015/transcript/30620/annotation/729","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"world center because there isn't one that we\nknow of so far for Jewish artists. In this collection, I'm talking about Jewish\nartists such as . . .\n\nSCHOENBERG: . . . [Marc] Chagall and people of that ilk?\n\nBLUMBERG: Yes, but people know Chagall was Jewish because of his subject matter.\nI don't think many people know that [Camille] Pissarro and perhaps [Amedeo]\nModigliani . . . but [Jules] Pascin, [Chaim] Soutine. Our friend in Europe ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015#t=21840.0,21870.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015/transcript/30620/annotation/730","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"who\nwants to show his collection has formed a whole museum for that period work. A\ngreat proportion of those artists in that period were Jewish. They are known as\nartists, but not as Jews. Of course, any artist of whatever medium wants to be\nknown for his or her art rather than sexual orientation . . . or religion.\nHowever, we think that it's a positive thing for ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015#t=21870.0,21900.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015/transcript/30620/annotation/731","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"learning Jewish history for\npeople to come into a museum and not only see beautiful artifacts we have and\ndocuments that we have such as the original correspondence between George\nWashington and Moses Sexias in which Washington says that this government \". . .\nshall give to bigotry no sanction, to persecution no assistance.\" These are\nwonderful things, but they also need to know about the ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015#t=21900.0,21930.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015/transcript/30620/annotation/732","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"cultural greats that have\ncontributed to world culture that have come from our people. We're hoping we'll\nbe able to do that and we'll also have a set-up for sending really fine exhibits\nto places . . .\n\nSCHOENBERG: . . . other places . . .\n\nBLUMBERG: . . . such as what is being formulated in Atlanta.\n\nSCHOENBERG: Where is the museum located? It's in Washington . . .\n\nBLUMBERG: It's in Washington at 1640 Rhode Island Avenue ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015#t=21930.0,21960.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015/transcript/30620/annotation/733","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":". . . northwest corner\nof Rhode Island and Seventeenth.\n\nSCHOENBERG: You're working full-time on that?\n\nBLUMBERG: I do. I work at home because they don't have room for me down there. I\nreally do a lot of writing and a lot of phone calls. Since I don't have an\noffice there, I do the work at home. But I'm into the office and doing whatever\nI have to do. In the theater, we called it 'building sets.' It's very similar to\nthat when you're putting ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015#t=21960.0,21990.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015/transcript/30620/annotation/734","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"up an exhibit. I will chauffeur, I will deliver. I just\nrecently delivered a lot of invitations to the Israeli Embassy because they were\nsending things out for a lecture that they had asked us to co-sponsor with them,\nwhich was [Yaacov] Agam by the way. I think that I'm being instrumental. He\nasked me afterwards, when he found out I was from Atlanta, if I knew of any\ngallery here that ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015#t=21990.0,22020.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015/transcript/30620/annotation/735","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"might be interested in having a show. I said, \"I think I do.\"\n\nSCHOENBERG: I think Fay Gold might be interested, you think?\n\nBLUMBERG: I didn't know. I've been in touch with somebody else. That's a good\nidea, though. I'll be glad to pass on his address and phone number if she wants\nit. At any rate, I'm always plugged into Atlanta. I always will be. In the end,\nI certainly will be.\n\nSCHOENBERG: We're certainly glad that you were plugged in today. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015#t=22020.0,22050.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015/transcript/30620/annotation/736","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I think perhaps\nthis may be the last of the last. I may not have to bother you . . .\n\nBLUMBERG: Do you realize how long ago it was when you did the first one? I know\nthat anybody really looking in these tapes will remember.\n\nSCHOENBERG: It was 1989. That's five . . .\n\nBLUMBERG: . . . it was before my husband died, which has been over four years.\n\nSCHOENBERG: Yes. It was August of 1989 is when we started on this.\n\nBLUMBERG: Four-and-a-half years ago.\n\nSCHOENBERG: This is pretty wild. Anyway, it's wonderful. I think it's terrific.\nI thank you very, very much.\n\nBLUMBERG: My pleasure.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015#t=22050.0,22080.0"}]},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015/annotation_set/539","type":"AnnotationPage","label":{"en":["Annotations [Transcript]"]},"items":[{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015/annotation_set/539/annotation/737","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe Temple on Peachtree Street in Atlanta, Georgia was bombed in the early morning hours of October 12, 1958.  About 50 sticks of dynamite were planted near the building and tore a huge hole in the wall. No one was injured in the bombing as it was during the night. Rabbi Jacob Rothschild was an outspoken advocate of civil rights and integration and friend of Martin Luther King Jr. Five men associated with the National States’ Rights Party, a white separatist group, were tried and acquitted in the bombing.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015#t=30.0,60.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015/annotation_set/539/annotation/738","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eRabbi Jacob Rothschild was rabbi of the city’s oldest Reform congregation, the Temple, in Atlanta, Georgia from 1946 until his death in 1973 from a heart attack. He forged close relationships with the city’s Christian clergy and distinguished himself as a charismatic spokesperson for civil rights.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015#t=60.0,90.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015/annotation_set/539/annotation/739","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eWilliam Berry Hartsfield (1890-1971) was an American politician who served as the 49th and 51st Mayor of Atlanta, Georgia. His tenure extended from 1937 to 1941 and again from 1942 to 1962, making him the longest-serving mayor of the city. It was under his direction that Atlanta became a world-class city with the image of the “City Too Busy to Hate.”\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015#t=180.0,210.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015/annotation_set/539/annotation/740","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003ePaul Revere was an American silversmith, engraver, early industrialist, and a patriot in the American Revolution. He is most famous for alerting the Colonial militia to the approach of British forces before the battles of Lexington and Concord, as dramatized in Henry Wadsworth Longfellow's poem, “Paul Revere's Ride.”\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015#t=300.0,330.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015/annotation_set/539/annotation/741","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eDwight David Eisenhower (1890-1969) was the 34th President of the United States, serving from 1953 until 1961. He was a five-star general in the United States Army during World War II and served as Supreme Commander of the Allied Forces in Europe. He was a Republican.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015#t=420.0,450.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015/annotation_set/539/annotation/742","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eAs an intelligence-driven and a threat-focused national security organization with both intelligence and law enforcement responsibilities, the mission of the Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI) is to protect and defend the United States against terrorist and foreign intelligence threats, to uphold and enforce the criminal laws of the United States, and to provide leadership and criminal justice services to federal, state, municipal, and international agencies and partners.  The FBI focuses on threats that challenge the foundations of American society or involve dangers too large or complex for any local or state authority to handle alone.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015#t=720.0,750.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015/annotation_set/539/annotation/743","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe ADL was founded in October 1913 by the Independent Order of B'nai B'rith, a Jewish service organization in the United States. It is an international Jewish non-governmental organization based in the United States. Describing itself as \"the nation's premier civil rights/human relations agency,\" the ADL states that it \"fights anti-Semitism and all forms of bigotry, defends democratic ideals and protects civil rights for all,\" doing so through \"information, education, legislation, and advocacy.\"\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015#t=930.0,960.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015/annotation_set/539/annotation/744","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eMartin Luther King, Jr. (1929-1968) is best known for his role as a leader in the Civil Rights Movement and the advancement of civil rights using nonviolent civil disobedience based on his Christian beliefs. A Baptist minister, King became a civil rights activist early in his career. He led the 1955 Montgomery Bus Boycott and helped found the Southern Christian Leadership Conference (SCLC) in 1957, serving as its first president. With the SCLC, King led an unsuccessful struggle against segregation in Albany, Georgia, in 1962, and organized nonviolent protests in Birmingham, Alabama, that attracted national attention following television news coverage of the brutal police response. King also helped to organize the 1963 March on Washington, where he delivered his famous \"I Have a Dream\" speech.  On October 14, 1964, King received the Nobel Peace Prize for combating racial inequality through nonviolence. In 1965, he and the SCLC helped to organize the Selma to Montgomery marches and the following year, he took the movement north to Chicago to work on segregated housing. King was assassinated on April 4, 1968 in Memphis, Tennessee. His death was followed by riots in many United States’ cities.  King was posthumously awarded the Presidential Medal of Freedom and the Congressional Gold Medal. Martin Luther King, Jr. Day was established as a holiday in numerous cities and states beginning in 1971, and as a United States federal holiday in 1986.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015#t=930.0,960.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015/annotation_set/539/annotation/745","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eRalph Emerson McGill (1898-1969) was an American journalist, best known as an anti-segregationist editor and publisher of the \u003cem\u003eAtlanta Constitution\u003c/em\u003e newspaper. He won a Pulitzer Prize for editorial writing in 1959. He became friends with Presidents John F. Kennedy and Lyndon Johnson, acting as a civil rights advisor and behind-the-scenes envoy to several African nations.  After his death, Ralph McGill Boulevard in Atlanta (previously Forrest Boulevard) was named for him.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015#t=960.0,990.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015/annotation_set/539/annotation/746","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe book mentioned here is \u003cem\u003eOne Voice: Rabbi Jacob M. Rothschild and the Troubled South\u003c/em\u003e, by Janice Rothschild Blumberg, published in 1985.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015#t=1020.0,1050.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015/annotation_set/539/annotation/747","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eReverend Roy O. McClain (? -1985) was once selected by Newsweek magazine as “One of the Ten Greatest Preachers in America.” He served from 1953 to 1970 at the First Baptist Church in Atlanta, one of the country's largest Baptist congregations. Dr. Martin Luther King, Sr., father of the famed civil rights leader classified McClain as “the leading pastor in Atlanta.”  McClain was outspoken during the Civil Rights Movement and was one of the signers of the \u003cem\u003eMinisters Manifesto\u003c/em\u003e.  For four years he was the preacher on the Sunday morning \u003cem\u003eBaptist Hour\u003c/em\u003e, sponsored by the Southern Baptist Convention and carried by hundreds of radio stations. He was also an editorial writer for the \u003cem\u003eAtlanta Constitution\u003c/em\u003e and the author of four books.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015#t=1050.0,1080.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015/annotation_set/539/annotation/748","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eFive suspects were arrested almost immediately after the bombing of the Temple in Atlanta.  One of them was. George Bright. Another one of the men arrested accused Bright of masterminding the crime and of building the bomb.  Bright was tried twice.  His first trial ended with a hung jury and his second with an acquittal. As a result of Bright's acquittal, the other suspects were not tried.  No one was ever convicted of the bombing.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015#t=1080.0,1110.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015/annotation_set/539/annotation/749","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe Georgia Bureau of Investigation (GBI) is an independent statewide agency that provides assistant to the state’s criminal justice system in the areas of criminal investigations, forensic laboratory services and computerized criminal justice information.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015#t=1110.0,1140.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015/annotation_set/539/annotation/750","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eReuben Garland, who began practicing law in 1922 at the age of 18, was known for his garish attire and flamboyant courtroom performances.  He was nevertheless very shrewd and even while acquiring a jail sentence of contempt of court, he still managed to get his client, George Bright, acquitted.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015#t=1200.0,1230.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015/annotation_set/539/annotation/751","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eCharles Wittenstein (1928-2013) was an Atlanta attorney who contributed over three decades of service to the Jewish community and social justice causes. While working with the American Jewish Committee, he worked to desegregate public accommodations, schools, private and public hospitals in Atlanta. He performed evaluations for the United States Health, Education \u0026amp; Welfare Department throughout the South to ensure hospitals qualified for Medicare by complying with the civil rights act of 1964.  In 1973, Charles became the Southern Civil Rights Director and Southern Counsel for the Anti-Defamation League.  Among his numerous contributions of historical importance were his efforts in securing the posthumous pardon for Leo Frank, an Atlanta Jewish businessman who was convicted of murder in 1913 and lynched by a mob in Marietta, Georgia.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015#t=1290.0,1320.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015/annotation_set/539/annotation/752","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe American Jewish Committee (AJC) was founded in 1906 to safeguard the welfare and security of Jews worldwide.  It is one of the oldest Jewish advocacy organizations in the United States.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015#t=1320.0,1350.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015/annotation_set/539/annotation/753","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe \u003cem\u003eAtlanta Journal-Constitution\u003c/em\u003e is an Atlanta-based daily paper. In 1982, The \u003cem\u003eAtlanta Journal\u003c/em\u003e combined staff with the \u003cem\u003eAtlanta Constitution\u003c/em\u003e to become the \u003cem\u003eAtlanta Journal-Constitution\u003c/em\u003e. Today, it is Atlanta’s only major daily paper.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015#t=1380.0,1410.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015/annotation_set/539/annotation/754","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eRich's was a department store retail chain, headquartered in Atlanta that operated in the southern United States from 1867 until 2005. The retailer began in Atlanta as M. Rich \u0026amp; Co. dry goods store and was run by Mauritius Reich (anglicized to ‘Morris Rich’), a Hungarian Jewish immigrant. It was renamed M. Rich \u0026amp; Bro. in 1877, when his brother Emanuel was admitted into the partnership, and was again renamed M. Rich \u0026amp; Bros. in 1884 when the third brother Daniel was joined the partnership. In 1929, the company was reorganized and the retail portion of the business became simply, Rich's. Many of the former Rich's stores today form the core of Macy's Central, an Atlanta-based division of Macy's, Inc., which formerly operated as Federated Department Stores, Inc.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015#t=1380.0,1410.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015/annotation_set/539/annotation/755","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eJames R. Venable (1905-1993) was a Georgia attorney and white supremacist.  He organized a major Ku Klux Klan faction in 1963 and headed it for nearly 25 years.  From 1963 to 1987, Venable was the Imperial Wizard of the National Knights of the Klan, which he organized as one of several rival Klan factions nationally.  Venable was a second generation Klansmen whose family owned the property on Stone Mountain where the Second Era Ku Klux Klan was founded.  Venable was mayor of nearby Stone Mountain Village from 1946 to 1949.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015#t=1620.0,1650.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015/annotation_set/539/annotation/756","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe Ku Klux Klan (or Knights of the Ku Klux Klan today) is a white supremacist, white nationalist, anti-immigration, anti-Jewish, anti-Catholic, anti-black secret society, whose methods included terrorism and murder.  It was founded in the South in the 1860’s and has died out and come back several times, most notably in the 1920’s when its membership soared again, and then again in the 1960’s during the civil rights era.  When the Klan was re-founded in 1915 in Georgia, the event was marked by a cross burning on Stone Mountain outside Atlanta.  It is still in existence.  In the past it members dressed up in white robes and a pointed hat designed to hide their identity and to terrify.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015#t=1620.0,1650.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015/annotation_set/539/annotation/757","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eCentral State Hospital (CSH) in Milledgeville, Georgia opened in 1842 as Georgia’s first public psychiatric hospital. CSH services include psychiatric evaluation; treatment and recovery services for persons referred from various components of the state’s criminal justice and corrections systems.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015#t=1830.0,1860.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015/annotation_set/539/annotation/758","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe Union for Reform Judaism was formerly known as the Union of American Hebrew Congregations (UAHC). The organization supports Reform Jewish congregations in North America. In 1875 they created the Hebrew Union College (HUC) in Cincinnati, Ohio to train rabbis and later cantors and other Jewish professionals.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015#t=2400.0,2430.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015/annotation_set/539/annotation/759","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe Standard Club is a Jewish country club that started as the Concordia Association in 1867 in Downtown Atlanta. In 1905, it was reorganized as the ‘Standard Club’ and moved into the former mansion of William C. Sanders near where Turner Field is now located.  In the late 1920’s the club moved to Ponce de Leon Avenue in Midtown Atlanta.  Later, the club moved to what is now the Lenox Park business park and was located there until 1983. In the 1980’s, the club moved to its present location in Johns Creek in Atlanta’s northern suburbs. \u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015#t=2460.0,2490.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015/annotation_set/539/annotation/760","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eA Carnegie library is a library built with money donated by Scottish-American businessman and philanthropist Andrew Carnegie. A total of 2,509 Carnegie libraries were built between 1883 and 1929, with 1,689 built in the United States. By the time the last grant was made in 1919, there were 3,500 libraries in the United States, nearly half of them built with construction grants paid by Carnegie.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015#t=2460.0,2490.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015/annotation_set/539/annotation/761","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eB'nai B'rith Gate City Lodge was founded in Atlanta in 1870 and is the second oldest benevolent association to be founded by the Jewish community.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015#t=2490.0,2520.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015/annotation_set/539/annotation/762","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe Age of Enlightenment was a cultural movement of intellectuals beginning the late seventeenth and eighteenth century Europe emphasizing reason and individualism rather than tradition.  It promoted scientific thought, skepticism and intellectual interchange.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015#t=2520.0,2550.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015/annotation_set/539/annotation/763","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eFreemasonry is a fraternal organization that traces its origins to the local fraternities of stonemasons in the fourteenth century.  It exists in various forms all over the world today.  Masons are members of the organization.  The degrees of masonry are Apprentice, Journeyman and Master Mason. The basic local organizational unit of freemasonry is the lodge, each of which governs its own jurisdiction. \u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015#t=2520.0,2550.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015/annotation_set/539/annotation/764","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eA division within Judaism especially in North America and Western Europe.  Historically it began in the nineteenth century. In general, the Reform movement maintains that Judaism and Jewish traditions should be modernized and compatible with participation in Western culture. While the \u003cem\u003eTorah\u003c/em\u003e remains the law, in Reform Judaism women are included (mixed seating, \u003cem\u003ebat mitzvah\u003c/em\u003e and women rabbis), music is allowed in the services and most of the service is in English.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015#t=2550.0,2580.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015/annotation_set/539/annotation/765","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eAlso known as the ‘Five O’Clock Shadow.’  Described as the idea that while Jews were accepted in the areas of business, commerce, and the civic world but that at 5 o’clock (or 6 o’clock) they go their way into their own social groups.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015#t=2610.0,2640.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015/annotation_set/539/annotation/766","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eRabbi David Marx was a long-time rabbi at the Temple in Atlanta, Georgia. He led the move toward Reform Judaism practices. He served as rabbi from 1895 to 1946, when he retired and Rabbi Jacob Rothschild came to the Temple.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015#t=2640.0,2670.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015/annotation_set/539/annotation/767","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eOrthodox Judaism is a traditional branch of Judaism that strictly follows the Written \u003cem\u003eTorah\u003c/em\u003e and the Oral Law concerning prayer, dress, food, sex, family relations, social behavior, the Sabbath day, holidays and more.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015#t=2670.0,2700.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015/annotation_set/539/annotation/768","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eA form of Judaism that seeks to preserve Jewish tradition and ritual but has a more flexible approach to the interpretation of the law than Orthodox Judaism.  It attempts to combine a positive attitude toward modern culture, while preserving a commitment to Jewish observance. They also observe gender equality (mixed seating, women rabbis and \u003cem\u003ebat mitzvahs\u003c/em\u003e).\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015#t=2670.0,2700.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015/annotation_set/539/annotation/769","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eZionism is a movement which supports a Jewish national state in the territory defined as the Land of Israel. Although Zionism existed before the nineteenth century, in the 1890’s Theodor Herzl popularized it and gave it a new urgency, as he believed that Jewish life in Europe was threatened and a State of Israel was needed. The State of Israel was established in 1948 and Zionism today is expressed as support for the continued existence of Israel.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015#t=2760.0,2790.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015/annotation_set/539/annotation/770","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThis was a mass civil disturbance in Atlanta, Georgia that began the evening of September 22, 1906 and lasted until September 26, 1906. An estimated 25 to 40 African-Americans were murdered and scores more were wounded.  Considerable property damage was also done. On September 22, 1906 Atlanta newspapers reported four alleged assaults on local white women by black men in lurid detail. Soon, some 10,000 white men and boys began gathering on Decatur Street in the Five Points area downtown.  While the newspaper story was the catalyst, the deeper causes lay in increasing racial tensions between blacks and whites, Jim Crow segregation, and Reconstruction politics.  Attempts to calm the mob failed and it turned violent to people and property.  The militia was summoned and streetcar service suspended in an attempt to drive the rioters from the streets. There was even a gun battle between the militias and armed black men. It took four days for the riot to be brought under control.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015#t=2760.0,2790.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015/annotation_set/539/annotation/771","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe Southern Regional Council (SRC) is a reform-oriented organization with headquarters in Atlanta. The SRC is considered the successor to the Commission on Interracial Cooperation, with which it merged in 1944. The SRC sponsored the formation the Georgia Council on Human Relations (GCHR), in 1956, focused primarily on school desegregation in its early years. The GCHR worked to keep Georgia's schools open in spite of threats by the state legislature to close the schools rather than integrate.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015#t=2790.0,2820.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015/annotation_set/539/annotation/772","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe American Civil War, also known as the ‘War Between the States,’ or simply the ‘Civil War’ in the United States, was fought from 1861 to 1865, after Southern slave states declared their secession and formed the Confederate States of America. The states that remained in the Union were known as the ‘Union’ or the ‘North.’  After four years of bloody combat that left over 600,000 soldiers dead and destroyed much of the South's infrastructure, the Confederacy collapsed, slavery was abolished, and the difficult Reconstruction process of restoring national unity and granting civil rights to freed slaves began.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015#t=2790.0,2820.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015/annotation_set/539/annotation/773","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eDavid Mayer (1815-1890) was born in Bavaria.  He immigrated to the United States in 1839, settling first in Tennessee and then in Washington, Georgia. Eight years later, he moved to Atlanta. Mayer was a noteworthy supporter of the Confederacy during the Civil War and served as Georgia governor Joseph E. Brown's commissary officer. David Mayer was perhaps Atlanta’s most influential Jewish layman in his day. He was a business man, freemason, a founding member of the Atlanta Board of Education and one of the founders of the Temple in Atlanta.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015#t=2820.0,2850.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015/annotation_set/539/annotation/774","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eAaron Haas was an alderman, a member of the city council, and in 1875 the first mayor \u003cem\u003epro tem\u003c/em\u003e of Atlanta.  Haas moved to Atlanta from Newnan, Georgia in 1860 where he had been working as a store clerk.  During the Civil War, Haas gained his notoriety as a blockade runner selling Confederate cotton.  After the war he became a successful member of the fledgling Jewish community. He established several profitable enterprises, including forays into finance, insurance, and real estate. He co-founded the Metropolitan Streetcar Company and in 1892 he founded Haas-Howell Company, an insurance company.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015#t=2850.0,2880.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015/annotation_set/539/annotation/775","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eBrown v. Board of Education\u003c/em\u003e was a landmark 1954 decision of the United States Supreme Court that declared state laws establishing separate public schools for black and white students unconstitutional. Handed down on May 17, 1954, the Court's unanimous (9–0) decision stated that \"separate educational facilities are inherently unequal.\" The ruling paved the way for integration and the civil rights movement.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015#t=3030.0,3060.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015/annotation_set/539/annotation/776","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eIn 1957, when violence in southern cities was erupting in opposition to court-ordered school desegregation, 80 Atlanta ministers issued a statement calling for interracial negotiation, obedience to the law, and a peaceful resolution to integration disputes in the city. The statement came to be known as the \u003cem\u003eMinisters' Manifesto\u003c/em\u003e, and marked a turning point in Atlanta's race relations. Although the \u003cem\u003eManifesto's\u003c/em\u003e strong Christian language prevented Rabbi Jacob Rothschild from signing it himself, the rabbi played a role in developing the statement.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015#t=3120.0,3150.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015/annotation_set/539/annotation/777","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe two High Holy Days are \u003cem\u003eRosh Ha-Shanah\u003c/em\u003e (New Year’s) and \u003cem\u003eYom Kippur\u003c/em\u003e (Day of Atonement).\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015#t=3300.0,3330.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015/annotation_set/539/annotation/778","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003ePalestine was a geopolitical entity under British administration. It was carved out of Ottoman Syria after World War I, and consisted of the territories of modern-day Israel and Jordan.  British civil administration in Palestine operated from 1920 to 1948. It was formalized with the League of Nations’ consent in 1923 and contained two administrative areas. The land west of the Jordan River, known as Palestine, was under direct British rule until 1948, while the land east of the Jordan was a semi­autonomous region known as Transjordan under the rule of the Hashemite family. It gained independence in 1946 as Jordan. When the British Mandate over Palestine expired on May 14, 1948, the State of Israel declared its independence. It was recognized that night by the United States, and three days later by the Soviet Union. A day after the declaration of independence of the State of Israel, armies of five Arab countries, Egypt, Syria, Transjordan, Lebanon, and Iraq, invaded Israel. This marked the beginning of the War of Independence. Despite the numerical superiority of the Arab armies, Israel defended itself and won, maintaining its independence. \u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015#t=3330.0,3360.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015/annotation_set/539/annotation/779","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe period in history usually considered to have begun with the first use of the atomic bombs (1945).  Also called the ‘Atomic Age.’\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015#t=3540.0,3570.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015/annotation_set/539/annotation/780","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eHebrew for ‘son of commandment.’ A rite of passage for Jewish boys aged 13 years. At that time, a Jewish boy is considered a responsible adult for most religious purposes. He is now duty bound to keep the commandments, he puts on \u003cem\u003etefillin\u003c/em\u003e, and may be counted to the \u003cem\u003eminyan\u003c/em\u003e quorum for public worship.  He celebrates the \u003cem\u003ebar mitzvah\u003c/em\u003e by being called up to the reading of the \u003cem\u003eTorah\u003c/em\u003e in the synagogue, usually on the next available Sabbath after his Hebrew birthday.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015#t=3540.0,3570.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015/annotation_set/539/annotation/781","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003e‘\u003cem\u003eSimcha\u003c/em\u003e’ is a Hebrew word with several meanings:  literally, it means “gladness” or “joy.”  The concept of \u003cem\u003esimcha\u003c/em\u003e is an important one in Jewish philosophy. It is a \u003cem\u003emitzvah\u003c/em\u003e (commandment) to always be in a state of happiness, the better to serve G-d.  It is also often used as a noun meaning “festive occasion.”\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015#t=3630.0,3660.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015/annotation_set/539/annotation/782","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eCharles Mantinband was born in 1895. He received his religious training at the Jewish Institute of Religion in New York City. After World War II, he served first in Alabama until, in 1951, he moved to Hattiesburg, Mississippi, to serve the congregation at Temple B’nai Israel. Rabbi Mantinband was an outspoken proponent of racial equality and civil rights, arguing that Jews had a responsibility to empathize with the plight of blacks because of the Jewish community’s own problems with discrimination. His activism earned him threats from numerous people in the community, as well as created trouble with members of his own congregation, who feared a backlash. When the pressure became too great he left Hattiesburg and accepted a pulpit in Texas. He retired in 1971 after almost 50 years of service in the rabbinate and died in 1974.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015#t=3900.0,3930.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015/annotation_set/539/annotation/783","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eDr. Samuel Sandmel was a member of the Hebrew Union College faculty for 26 years. Dr. Sandmel was one of the world’s foremost authorities on Early Christianity and the New Testament, especially in their relation to Judaism, and was widely acclaimed as a leader in interfaith relations. He attended Hebrew Union College and was ordained in 1937. He earned his Doctor of Philosophy degree in New Testament Studies at Yale University. He briefly served as Assistant Rabbi at the Temple in Atlanta, Georgia under Rabbi David Marx.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015#t=4170.0,4200.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015/annotation_set/539/annotation/784","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003e\"\u003cem\u003eMensch\u003c/em\u003e\" is a Yiddish word meaning \"a person of integrity and honor.” The term is used as a high compliment, expressing the rarity and value of that individual's qualities. The word has migrated into American English, where a mensch is a particularly good person, similar to a “stand-up guy,” a person with the qualities one would hope for in a friend or trusted colleague.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015#t=4530.0,4560.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015/annotation_set/539/annotation/785","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eNational Service Industries was founded in 1962 with the merger of two established Atlanta companies, National Linen Service and ZEP Manufacturing Company.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015#t=4620.0,4650.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015/annotation_set/539/annotation/786","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eA.J. Weinberg (Abraham Joseph) (1886-1975) was one of the founding partners and builders of the Atlanta Linen Supply Company, which was launched in August 1918 by Isadore M. Weinstein. Over the years the business grew into the National Linen Service Corporation. By 1947 National Linen had plants all over the United States and nearly 5,000 employees.  National Linen acquired Zep Manufacturing and began to acquire other businesses. In 1962 National Linen changed its name to National Service Industries, and in the following years became a holding company for a wide variety of companies. One example of A.J. Weinberg’s generosity to the Atlanta Jewish community has resulted in the Lillian and A.J. Weinberg Center for Holocaust Education at the William Breman Jewish Heritage Museum. \u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015#t=4650.0,4680.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015/annotation_set/539/annotation/787","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eLeo Frank (1884-1915) was a Jewish factory superintendent in Atlanta, Georgia. In 1913, he was accused of raping and murdering one of his employees, a 13-year-old girl named Mary Phagan, whose body was found on the premises of the National Pencil Company. Frank was arrested, tried, convicted and sentenced to death for her murder. The trial was the catalyst for a great outburst of antisemitism led by the populist Tom Watson and the center of powerful class and political interests. Frank was sent to Milledgeville State Penitentiary to await his execution.  Governor John M. Slaton, believing there had been a miscarriage of justice, commuted Frank’s sentence to life in prison. This enraged a group of men who styled themselves the “Knights of Mary Phagan.” They drove to the prison, kidnapped Frank from his cell and drove him to Marietta, Georgia where they lynched him. Many years later, the murderer was revealed to be Jim Conley, who had lied in the trial, pinning it on Frank instead. Frank was pardoned on March 11, 1986, although they stopped short of exonerating him.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015#t=4770.0,4800.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015/annotation_set/539/annotation/788","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eHebrew for ‘Day of Atonement.’ The most sacred day of the Jewish year. \u003cem\u003eYom Kippur\u003c/em\u003e is a 25 hour fast day.  Most of the day is spent in prayer, reciting \u003cem\u003eyizkor\u003c/em\u003e for deceased relatives, confessing sins, requesting divine forgiveness, and listening to \u003cem\u003eTorah\u003c/em\u003e readings and sermons. People greet each other with the wish that they may be sealed in the heavenly book for a good year ahead. The day ends with the blowing of the \u003cem\u003eshofar\u003c/em\u003e (a ram’s horn).\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015#t=4890.0,4920.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015/annotation_set/539/annotation/789","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eUniversalism refers to religious, theological, and philosophical concepts with universal application. In a broad sense, universalism claims that religion is a universal human quality.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015#t=5130.0,5160.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015/annotation_set/539/annotation/790","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eA \u003cem\u003ebrahmin\u003c/em\u003e is a member of Boston’s traditional upper class, whose family can often be traced back to the founding families who participated in the colonization of the United States. Members of this class are characterized by their highly discreet and inconspicuous lifestyle, a distinctive accent and a Harvard University education.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015#t=5130.0,5160.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015/annotation_set/539/annotation/791","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe book is entitled \u003cem\u003eProphet in a Time of Priests: Rabbi ‘Alphabet’ Browne, 1845-1929\u003c/em\u003e by Janice Rothschild Blumberg (Apprentice House, 2012).  Please note that some of the information in this transcript about Alphabet Browne may be in error. Janice Blumberg did much more research after this oral history was given, which turned into the book above. Therefore, the information in the book is more accurate.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015#t=5190.0,5220.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015/annotation_set/539/annotation/792","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eRabbi Edward Benjamin Morris Browne (1845-1929) came to be called “Alphabet” Browne due to the number of letters representing the degrees that followed his name. Between his arrival in the United States during post-Civil War Reconstruction and his death at the onset of the Great Depression, “Alphabet” Browne grabbed headlines as a rabbi, journalist, attorney, and political activist, all in the pursuit of justice. He was known as an authority on the \u003cem\u003eTalmud\u003c/em\u003e and acclaimed nationally for his public lectures. Browne served as the rabbi in several cities including Atlanta.  He published the South’s first Jewish-interest newspaper; defended an elderly immigrant wrongfully convicted for murder, delivered opening prayers in both houses of Congress, served as an honorary pall bearer for President Ulysses S. Grant, helped Benjamin Harrison win the presidency; and bullied United States Presidents William McKinley, Theodore Roosevelt and William Howard Taft to establish a Jewish chaplaincy for the United States military.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015#t=5220.0,5250.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015/annotation_set/539/annotation/793","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eRabbi Isaac Mayer Wise (1819-1900) was one of the organizers of the American Reform movement and a prominent editor and author. \u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015#t=5250.0,5280.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015/annotation_set/539/annotation/794","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eOrdination (Hebrew: \u003cem\u003esmicha\u003c/em\u003e) is the appointment of a disciple as a rabbi, or teacher, of the Torah.  The Hebrew term is based on the verse:  “\u003cem\u003eAnd he laid his hands upon him, and gave him a charge, as the Lord spoke by the hand of Moses\u003c/em\u003e” (Numbers 27:23.)\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015#t=5250.0,5280.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015/annotation_set/539/annotation/795","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThis is an area bordering France and Germany that has been in constant contention, belonging to one or the other at various times. It is populated by both French and German people. It was seized from France during World War II by the Germans and after the war returned to France.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015#t=5310.0,5340.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015/annotation_set/539/annotation/796","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003e‘Miss Daisy’ is the eponymous character in \u003cem\u003eDriving Miss Daisy\u003c/em\u003e (1987), which was written by award-winning playwright and screenwriter Alfred Uhry. It is the first of his “Atlanta Trilogy” of plays, all set during the first half of the twentieth century and incorporating some of Uhry’s childhood memories. The play earned him the Pulitzer Prize for Drama. It deals with the relationship between an elderly Jewish woman and her African-American chauffeur, Hoke Smith.  Uhry adapted it into the screenplay for a 1989 film starring Jessica Tandy and Morgan Freeman. The story follows Miss Daisy over a 25-year period in Atlanta through her home life, synagogue, friends, family, and fears. At the 62nd Academy Awards in 1990, \u003cem\u003eDriving Miss Daisy\u003c/em\u003e received nine nominations, winning four for Best Picture, Best Actress (Jessica Tandy), Best Makeup, and Best Adapted Screenplay.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015#t=5520.0,5550.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015/annotation_set/539/annotation/797","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eA blockade runner is usually a light-weight, fast ship which evades, rather than confronts, a naval blockade. Blockade running is done to transport cargo such as foods, arms, goods for sale, etc. into and out of the blockaded area.  In the Civil War, this was a major enterprise for the Confederacy. The Confederates had no effective navy so the Union used its considerable navy to keep ships from entering or leaving southern ports to re-provision the Confederacy or sell their wares (usually cotton) abroad.  Blockade running was highly risky as these ships were considered enemy combatants and could be sunk. By the end of the war the Union Navy had captured more than 1,100 blockade runners and destroyed another 355 vessels.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015#t=5550.0,5580.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015/annotation_set/539/annotation/798","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eFranklin Delano Roosevelt (1882-1945) was the 32nd President of the United States and a central figure in world events during the mid-twentieth century, leading the United States through a time of worldwide economic crisis and war. Popularly known as ‘FDR,’ he collapsed and died in his home in Warm Springs, Georgia just a few months before the end of the war. He was a Democrat.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015#t=5940.0,5970.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015/annotation_set/539/annotation/799","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe Emergency Banking Act (officially titled: Emergency Banking Relief Act) was an act passed by the United States Congress in 1933 in an attempt to stabilize the economy because of the Great Depression. Following his inauguration in March 1933, President Franklin Roosevelt declared a four-day banking holiday that shut down the banking system, including the Federal Reserve. The new law allowed the 12 Federal Reserve Banks to issue additional currency on good assets and so the banks that reopened would be able to meet every legitimate transaction.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015#t=5940.0,5970.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015/annotation_set/539/annotation/800","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe Great Depression was a severe worldwide economic depression in the decade preceding World War II. The time of the Great Depression varied across nations, but in most countries it started in about 1929 and lasted until the late 1930’s or early 1940’s. It was the longest, most widespread, and deepest depression of the twentieth century.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015#t=6000.0,6030.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015/annotation_set/539/annotation/801","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe Chamber of Commerce tapped Atlanta businessman Ivan Allen, Sr. to head the Forward Atlanta booster campaign from 1926 to 1929 to solidify Atlanta's emerging position as the leading city of the South.  Allen wrote the campaign's central document, \u003cem\u003eAtlanta from the Ashes\u003c/em\u003e (1928).  Twenty years later he wrote another booster booklet called \u003cem\u003eThe Atlanta Spirit: Altitude + Attitude\u003c/em\u003e (1948).\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015#t=6210.0,6240.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015/annotation_set/539/annotation/802","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eA bohemian is someone who leads an informal, nonconformist or unconventional lifestyle with a wide range of different tastes in music, fashion, art, literature, etc. Writers and artists are often described as ‘Bohemians.’\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015#t=6630.0,6660.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015/annotation_set/539/annotation/803","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe ‘hippie’ (or ‘hippy’) subculture was originally a youth movement that arose in the United States during the mid-1960’s and spread to other countries around the world. The word hippie came from ‘hipster’, and was initially used to describe beatniks who had moved into New York City's Greenwich Village and San Francisco's Haight-Ashbury district. Hippie values and fashions had a major effect on culture, influencing popular music, television, film, literature, and the arts. Since the 1960’s, many aspects of hippie culture have been assimilated by mainstream society.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015#t=6630.0,6660.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015/annotation_set/539/annotation/804","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eTwelfth Night is a festival in some branches of Christianity marking the coming of the Epiphany (that is the time the wise men visited the Baby Jesus). It is either January 5 or 6. Food and drink are at the center of the celebration. A punch called ‘wassail’ is consumed and special pastries are prepared.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015#t=6660.0,6690.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015/annotation_set/539/annotation/805","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe National Council of Jewish Women is an organization of volunteers and advocates, founded in the 1890’s, who turn progressive ideals in advocacy and philanthropy inspired by Jewish values. They strive to improve the quality of life for women, children and families.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015#t=6660.0,6690.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015/annotation_set/539/annotation/806","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eSuffragettes were members of women's organization (right to vote) movements in the late nineteenth and early twentieth century, particularly in the United Kingdom and United States.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015#t=6690.0,6720.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015/annotation_set/539/annotation/807","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eAn organization composed of representatives of women’s clubs throughout the state of Georgia, whose members provided volunteer service to their communities. The women work together to improve the social, cultural and physical needs in their city or town.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015#t=6810.0,6840.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015/annotation_set/539/annotation/808","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eAlfred Fox Uhry was born December 3, 1936 in Atlanta. Uhry is a playwright, screenwriter, and member of the Fellowship of Southern Writers. He is one of very few writers to receive an Academy Award, Tony Award (2) and the Pulitzer Prize for dramatic writing. Uhry's early work for the stage was as a lyricist and librettist for a number of musicals. \u003cem\u003eDriving Miss Daisy\u003c/em\u003e (1987) is the first in what is known as his Atlanta Trilogy of plays and earned him the Pulitzer Prize for Drama. He adapted it into the screenplay for the 1989 film which was awarded the Academy Award for Writing Adapted Screenplay. The second of the trilogy, \u003cem\u003eThe Last Night of Ballyhoo\u003c/em\u003e (1996), received the Tony Award for Best Play when produced on Broadway. The third was a 1998 musical called \u003cem\u003eParade\u003c/em\u003e. The libretto earned him a Tony Award for Best Book of a Musical.  Uhry wrote the screenplay not only for the film version of \u003cem\u003eDriving Miss Daisy\u003c/em\u003e but also for the 1993 film \u003cem\u003eRich in Love\u003c/em\u003e. He co-wrote the screenplay for the 1988 film \u003cem\u003eMystic Pizza\u003c/em\u003e.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015#t=6990.0,7020.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015/annotation_set/539/annotation/809","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eHelen Jepson (1904-1997) was an American lyric soprano noted for her voice and for being a \"stunning blond beauty.”  She performed with the Philadelphia Civic Opera Company and formed a four-singer group called \u003cem\u003eThe Mississippi Misses\u003c/em\u003e. Jepson began performing on radio in New York in 1933, which launched her career with the Metropolitan Opera where she sang lead soprano from 1935 to 1941.  Her only film role was \u003cem\u003eThe Goldwyn Follies\u003c/em\u003e (1938), in which she sang \u003cem\u003eThe Brindisi\u003c/em\u003e from Verdi's \u003cem\u003eLa Traviata\u003c/em\u003e, Toselli's \u003cem\u003eLa Serenata\u003c/em\u003e, the Gershwins' \u003cem\u003eLove Walked\u003c/em\u003e \u003cem\u003eIn\u003c/em\u003e, and \u003cem\u003eSempre Libre\u003c/em\u003e.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015#t=7110.0,7140.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015/annotation_set/539/annotation/810","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eHugh Hodgson (1893-1969) was an accomplished and well-known pianist. He became first a professor and then the chair of the newly-established Department of Music at University of Georgia, Athens. Today it is called the ‘Hugh Hodgson School of Music,’ and is home to approximately 600 students and a faculty of 65. Each year the school hosts nearly 350 public performances. (2014)\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015#t=7110.0,7140.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015/annotation_set/539/annotation/811","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eWilliam Schatten (1928-1998) was an Atlanta doctor and philanthropist.  He was one of the youngest Emory medical school graduates, finishing in 1950 at the age of 21. A child prodigy, Schatten originally planned to become a concert pianist. Instead, he performed plastic surgery and invented surgical techniques. Schatten was president of Ahavath Achim synagogue and the Atlanta Jewish Federation and a board member of the Atlanta Symphony Orchestra. Schatten was one of the key supporters in launching a Jewish studies program at Emory and the Woodruff Library's Schatten Gallery bears his name. For his service he received many honors, including the Anti-Defamation League's Abe Goldstein Human Relations Award in 1985. \u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015#t=7290.0,7320.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015/annotation_set/539/annotation/812","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe Temple Sisterhood offers activities for women members to become involved in congregational life. Projects include holiday celebrations, special religious school events, and more.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015#t=7650.0,7680.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015/annotation_set/539/annotation/813","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eHadassah\u003c/em\u003e, the Women’s Zionist Organization of America, is a volunteer organization founded in 1912 by Henrietta Szold, with more than 300,000 members and supporters worldwide. It supports health care and medical research, education and youth programs in Israel, and advocacy, education, and leadership development in the United States. \u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015#t=7650.0,7680.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015/annotation_set/539/annotation/814","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eHannah Grossman Shulhafer (1901-1984) was an active leader in the Jewish and general communities as far back as the 1920’s.  She engaged in the resettlement of Jewish refugees from Europe and was active in the Civil Rights Movement. Hannah was a leading figure in the Atlanta Jewish Federation, the Welfare Fund and was a Zionist and ardent supporter of Israel.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015#t=7650.0,7680.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015/annotation_set/539/annotation/815","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eRebecca Mathis Gershon (known as ‘Reb’) (1889-1997) was born in Chattanooga, Tennessee but her grandparents came from Germany. On a visit to Atlanta she met and later married Harry Gershon. Rebecca Mathis Gershon was involved in the life of the Jewish community of Atlanta including the National Council of Jewish Women, the Jewish Federation of Greater Atlanta, \u003cem\u003eHadassah\u003c/em\u003e, as well as in the Civil Rights Movement.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015#t=7650.0,7680.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015/annotation_set/539/annotation/816","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eA civic organization that was formed by Carrie Chapman Catt in 1920 to help women take a larger role in public affairs. It does not support or oppose candidates for office at any level of government but rather works to increase understanding of major public policy issues and to influence public policy through education and advocacy.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015#t=7680.0,7710.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015/annotation_set/539/annotation/817","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eAlso known as ‘gin rummy.’ Gin is a two-player card game. The objective is to score points and reach an agreed number of points or more, usually 100, before the opponent does.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015#t=7830.0,7860.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015/annotation_set/539/annotation/818","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eWhite Anglo-Saxon Protestant (WASP) is an informal, sometimes disparaging term, used to describe a closed circle of high-status and highly influential white Americans of English Protestant ancestry. \u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015#t=8280.0,8310.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015/annotation_set/539/annotation/819","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eAlene Fox Uhry is Alfred Uhry’s mother. Alene’s mother was Lena Guthman Fox. Lena was the model for the character ‘Miss Daisy’ in \u003cem\u003eDriving Miss Daisy\u003c/em\u003e by her grandson, Alfred Uhry.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015#t=8340.0,8370.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015/annotation_set/539/annotation/820","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eJosephine (Jo) Joel Heyman (1901-1993) was a Jewish civic and political activist in Atlanta.  During the 1930’s, she conducted night classes to teach Holocaust refugees English. When the Association of Southern Women for the Prevention of Lynching expanded, she became an active member.  In the 1940’s she was one of five women founders of the United Nations Association of Atlanta. She and her friend, Eleanor Raoul Greene, started the DeKalb County chapter of the League of Women Voters. In the 1960’s, she turned her efforts to promoting racial desegregation.  She also gave years of service and leadership in the National Council of Jewish Women and \u003cem\u003eHadassah\u003c/em\u003e.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015#t=8340.0,8370.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015/annotation_set/539/annotation/821","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eAnti-Zionism is opposition to Zionism, broadly defined in the modern era as the opposition to the ethno-nationalist and political movement of Jews and Jewish culture that supports the establishment of a Jewish state in the territory defined as the historic Land of Israel.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015#t=8700.0,8730.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015/annotation_set/539/annotation/822","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eRabbi H. Cerf Straus established the \u003cem\u003eSouthern Israelite\u003c/em\u003e as a temple bulletin in Augusta, Georgia in 1925. The publication was so popular he expanded it into a monthly newspaper. Later in the decade, Straus sold the paper to Herman Dessauer and Sara B. Simmons, who moved the paper to Atlanta, where it began circulating state-wide and eventually throughout the South.  In 1930, M. Stephen Schiffer, a former employee of the \u003cem\u003eAtlanta Georgian\u003c/em\u003e, took over as owner of the \u003cem\u003eSouthern Israelite\u003c/em\u003e. The paper not only covered the news of the Southern Jewry, but also the issues that involved Jewish populations throughout the nation and world, including the Holocaust and later the creation of the Jewish state of Israel. In October of 1934, the \u003cem\u003eSouthern Israelite\u003c/em\u003e began publishing a weekly edition, supplemented by a monthly magazine edition. Ownership was turned over to a corporation headed by editor Adolph Rosenberg in 1951. The monthly edition was discontinued in 1973 in favor of the weekly edition. In 1987, the paper changed its name from the \u003cem\u003eSouthern Israelite\u003c/em\u003e to the \u003cem\u003eAtlanta Jewish Times\u003c/em\u003e.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015#t=8850.0,8880.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015/annotation_set/539/annotation/823","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eIn 586 BCE the Babylonians conquered Jerusalem, burned down the Temple, tore down the city walls, and drove the surviving Israelites to Babylon to be slaves (called the ‘Babylonian Exile’). The exile ended in 538 BCE when the Persian conqueror of Babylon, Cyrus the Great, gave the Jews permission to return to Judah.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015#t=8850.0,8880.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015/annotation_set/539/annotation/824","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eHannah is the wife of Elkanah mentioned in the Book of Samuel.  In the biblical narrative, Hannah is one of two wives of Elkanah.  The other, Peninnah, bore children, but Hannah remained childless. One day Hannah went up to the temple, and prayed with great weeping while Eli the High Priest was sitting near the doorpost. In her prayer she asked G-d for a son and in return she vowed to give the son back to G-d for the service of the Shiloh priests. Eli thought she was drunk and questioned her. When she explained herself, he effectively said that her prayer would be granted. As promised, she conceived and had a son. She named him ‘Samuel.’ Hannah is also considered to be a prophetess, because in this biblical passage she foretells history.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015#t=8880.0,8910.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015/annotation_set/539/annotation/825","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eMany Jewish Americans remember Israel’s Independence Day, also known as \u003cem\u003eYom Ha’Atzmaut\u003c/em\u003e.  Celebrations are annually held on or around the fifth day of the month of \u003cem\u003eIyar\u003c/em\u003e, according to the Jewish calendar.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015#t=8910.0,8940.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015/annotation_set/539/annotation/826","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe \u003cem\u003eMaccabees\u003c/em\u003e were the leaders of a Jewish rebel army that took control of Judea, which at the time had been a province of the Seleucid Empire. They founded the Hasmonean dynasty, which ruled from 164 BCE to 63 BCE. They reasserted the Jewish religion, expanded the boundaries of Judea and reduced the influence of Hellenism and Hellenistic Judaism.  The Jewish festival of \u003cem\u003eHanukkah\u003c/em\u003e celebrates the re-dedication of the Temple following Judah Maccabee's victory. According to Rabbinic tradition, the victorious Maccabees could only find a small jug of sacred oil that had remained uncontaminated by virtue of a seal, and although it only contained enough oil to sustain the Menorah for one day, it miraculously lasted for eight days, by which time further oil could be procured.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015#t=8910.0,8940.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015/annotation_set/539/annotation/827","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eEsther (originally named ‘\u003cem\u003eHadassah\u003c/em\u003e,’ meaning ‘myrtle’ in Hebrew) was heroine of the biblical Book of Esther. She was a Jewish queen of the Persian king Ahasuerus, traditionally identified with Xerxes I during the time of the Achaemenid Empire. Through her courage, the lives of her people, the Jews of the Persian Empire, were spared. Her story is the basis for the celebration of the Jewish holiday of \u003cem\u003ePurim\u003c/em\u003e.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015#t=8910.0,8940.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015/annotation_set/539/annotation/828","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eSeder\u003c/em\u003e (meaning “order” in Hebrew”) is a Jewish ritual feast that marks the beginning of the Jewish holiday of Passover. It is conducted on the evening of the fifteenth day of \u003cem\u003eNisan\u003c/em\u003e in the Hebrew calendar throughout the world.  Some communities hold \u003cem\u003eseder\u003c/em\u003e on both the first two nights of Passover. The \u003cem\u003eseder\u003c/em\u003e incorporates prayers, candle lighting, and traditional foods symbolizing the slavery of the Jews and the exodus from Egypt. It is one of the most colorful and joyous occasions in Jewish life.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015#t=8940.0,8970.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015/annotation_set/539/annotation/829","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eShabbat\u003c/em\u003e (Hebrew for ‘Sabbath’) is the Jewish day of rest and is observed on Saturdays. \u003cem\u003eShabbat\u003c/em\u003e observance entails refraining from work activities and engaging in restful activities to honor the day.  \u003cem\u003eShabbat\u003c/em\u003e begins at sundown on Friday night and is ushered in by lighting candles and reciting a blessing.  It is closed the following evening with the recitation of the \u003cem\u003ehavdalah\u003c/em\u003e blessing.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015#t=8970.0,9000.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015/annotation_set/539/annotation/830","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eKaddish\u003c/em\u003e (Hebrew for ‘holy’) is a hymn of praises to G-d found in the Jewish prayer service that is recited aloud while standing. The central theme of the \u003cem\u003eKaddish\u003c/em\u003e is the magnification and sanctification of G-d's name. Along with the \u003cem\u003eShema\u003c/em\u003e and \u003cem\u003eAmidah\u003c/em\u003e, the \u003cem\u003eKaddish\u003c/em\u003e is one of the most important and central elements in the Jewish liturgy. Mourner's \u003cem\u003eKaddish\u003c/em\u003e is said at all prayer services and certain other occasions. Following the death of a parent, child, spouse, or sibling it is customary to recite the Mourner's \u003cem\u003eKaddish\u003c/em\u003e in the presence of a congregation daily for 30 days, or 11 months in the case of a parent, and then at every anniversary of the death. It is important to note that the Mourner's \u003cem\u003eKaddish\u003c/em\u003e does not mention death at all, but instead praises G-d.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015#t=8970.0,9000.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015/annotation_set/539/annotation/831","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003e‘Anniversary’ in Hebrew. Each year the anniversary of the death of a relative is observed by lighting a special yahrzeit candle and reciting the \u003cem\u003eKaddish\u003c/em\u003e. Memorial services for the dead are also held during the High Holy Days and the Festivals.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015#t=9000.0,9030.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015/annotation_set/539/annotation/832","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eSamuel Mayerberg received his degree from Hebrew Union College in 1917. Mayerberg served as the assistant rabbi at Temple Beth-El in Detroit, Michigan and as a rabbi at Congregation B’Nai Jeshurun in Dayton, Ohio. In 1928 Mayerberg went to Kansas City, Missouri as rabbi of Temple B’nai Jehudah. He took up the case of Joe Hershon, a young Jewish man who had been sentenced to death after his conviction in the murder of a police officer. Mayerberg was unsuccessful in persuading authorities to commute Hershon’s sentence to life imprisonment, and accompanied him to the gallows. Mayerberg became known for his courageous opposition to the corrupt “Pendergast machine” which dominated Kansas City politics for years. He began his crusade against the Pendergast regime in 1932.  Mayerberg received death threats, was assigned bodyguards by the governor of Missouri, and slept with a pistol beneath his pillow. When the Pendergast regime toppled in the 1940’s, Mayerberg was seen as one of its earliest and most outspoken opponents. Mayerberg continued his work at Temple B’Nai Jehudah until his retirement in 1960.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015#t=9120.0,9150.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015/annotation_set/539/annotation/833","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe Pendergast machine—one of many in large cities across the United States—was run by two brothers, Tom and Jim Pendergast. Political bosses and their “machine organizations” operating in large American cities at the turn of the century enjoyed strong support among the poor and immigrants, who returned the favor by voting for the bosses’ preferred candidates. For immigrants and the poor in many large United States cities, the political boss represented a source of patronage jobs. To urban reformers of the early twentieth century, the bosses and their organizations personified political corruption. The Pendergast Machine controlled Kansas City politics for nearly 40 years. It was also famous because an early beneficiary of the Pendergast machine was Harry S. Truman, who eventually became the nation’s 33rd president.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015#t=9150.0,9180.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015/annotation_set/539/annotation/834","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eRodef Shalom began around 1855 in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania as an Orthodox congregation. In 1863, a transformation began when Rabbi Isaac M. Wise, a founder of Reform Judaism in America, came to Pittsburgh. The congregation, shortly after his visit, voted to affiliate with Reform Judaism.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015#t=9240.0,9270.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015/annotation_set/539/annotation/835","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eSephardic Jews are the Jews of Spain, Portugal, North Africa and the Middle East and their descendants. The adjective ‘Sephardic’ and corresponding nouns ‘Sephardi’ (singular) and ‘Sephardim’ (plural) are derived from the Hebrew word ‘\u003cem\u003eSepharad\u003c/em\u003e,’which refers to Spain. Historically, the vernacular language of Sephardic Jews was Ladino, a Romance language derived from Old Spanish, incorporating elements from the old Romance languages of the Iberian Peninsula, Hebrew, Aramaic, and in the lands receiving those who were exiled, Ottoman Turkish, Arabic, Greek, Bulgarian and Serbo-Croatian vocabulary.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015#t=9360.0,9390.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015/annotation_set/539/annotation/836","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe Eplan family has a long history of service to the City of Atlanta, and in particular, to Atlanta’s Jewish community. The patriarch was Samuel Leon Eplan followed by his son, Leon Samuel Eplan.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015#t=9510.0,9540.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015/annotation_set/539/annotation/837","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eAhavath Achim was founded in 1887 in a small room on Gilmer Street. In 1920 they moved to a permanent building at the corner of Piedmont and Gilmer Street. The final service in that building was held in 1958 to make way for construction of the Downtown Connector (the concurrent section of Interstate 75 and Interstate 85 through Atlanta). The synagogue moved to its current location on Peachtree Battle Avenue in 1958.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015#t=9720.0,9750.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015/annotation_set/539/annotation/838","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eFounded in 1904, Shearith Israel began as a congregation that met in the homes of congregants until 1906 when they began using a Methodist church on Hunter Street. After World War II, Rabbi Tobias Geffen moved the congregation to University Drive, where it became the first synagogue in DeKalb County. In the 1960’s, they removed the barrier between the men’s and women’s sections in the sanctuary, and officially became affiliated with the Conservative movement in 2002.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015#t=9840.0,9870.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015/annotation_set/539/annotation/839","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eShidduch\u003c/em\u003e is a system of matchmaking in which Jewish singles are introduced to one another in Orthodox Jewish communities for the purpose of marriage. A \u003cem\u003eshidduch\u003c/em\u003e often begins with a recommendation from family members, friends or others who see matchmaking as a \u003cem\u003emitzvah\u003c/em\u003e, or commandment.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015#t=10650.0,10680.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015/annotation_set/539/annotation/840","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eEleanor McRae was married to Dr. Floyd McRae, a professor at Emory medical school and chief of surgery and chairman of the board at Piedmont Hospital.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015#t=11940.0,11970.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015/annotation_set/539/annotation/841","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eJoseph Jacobs was born in Jefferson, Georgia.  He attended the University of Georgia in 1877 and received a degree from the Philadelphia College of Pharmacy in 1879. In 1879 Jacobs opened the Athens Pharmaceutical Company in Athens, Georgia.  In 1884, he bought a drug store in Downtown Atlanta on the southwest corner of Peachtree and Marietta Streets where, in 1886, Coca-Cola was served for the first time as a fountain drink at Jacob’s Pharmacy.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015#t=12030.0,12060.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015/annotation_set/539/annotation/842","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eA Russian who supported the tsar in the 1917 Revolution and the Russian Civil War (1917-1923) and afterward.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015#t=12420.0,12450.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015/annotation_set/539/annotation/843","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eDelta Phi Epsilon is an international sorority founded in 1917 at New York University Law School, New York City, New York.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015#t=12540.0,12570.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015/annotation_set/539/annotation/844","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eAlpha Epsilon Phi (ΑΕΦ) is a sorority and member of the National Panhellenic Conference. It was founded on October 24, 1909 at Barnard College in New York City by seven Jewish women. It is a national sorority with multiple chapters across the United States. Although it is a historically Jewish sorority, it is not a religious organization and welcomes women of all religions and race who honor, respect and appreciate the Jewish faith and identity.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015#t=12540.0,12570.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015/annotation_set/539/annotation/845","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eSigma Delta Tau (ΣΔΤ) is a national sorority and member of the National Panhellenic Conference and was founded March 25, 1917 at Cornell University in Ithaca, New York. The original name, Sigma Delta Phi, was changed after the women discovered a sorority with the same name already existed. Today, Sigma Delta Tau has over 40,000 initiates from 100 chapters around the United States. Sigma Delta Tau was founded by seven Jewish women. There is no religious requirement for membership to the sorority, nor is it affiliated with any one religion.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015#t=12540.0,12570.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015/annotation_set/539/annotation/846","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eJanice is referring to the student newspaper, \u003cem\u003eRed \u0026amp; Black\u003c/em\u003e, at University of Georgia publishing an ad in the early 1990’s which was prepared by Bradley Smith, a Holocaust denier, that asserted that the gas chambers were a fraud, photographs doctored, eyewitness reports were unreliable, and the Nuremberg trials a sham. The \u003cem\u003eRed \u0026amp; Black\u003c/em\u003e defended their decision by citing free speech and calling it a “business decision.”\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015#t=12600.0,12630.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015/annotation_set/539/annotation/847","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe B’nai B’rith Klutznick National Jewish Museum started as a small collection of artifacts donated by Phillip and Ethel Klutznick, which were quartered in the B’nai B’rith’s headquarters in Washington, D.C. in 1957. Supported by an endowment from Philip Klutznick, the original collection grew and was eventually formalized into a museum. However, the collection has since been dispersed: the artifacts and art to various places and the documents (including an original copy of George Washington’s letter to the Jews of Newport, Rhode Island) to the American Jewish Archives in Cincinnati, Ohio.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015#t=12750.0,12780.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015/annotation_set/539/annotation/848","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe Smithsonian Institution is a group of museums and research centers administered by the United States government established in 1846. Termed \"the nation's attic\" for its eclectic holdings of millions of items, the Institution's Washington, D.C. nucleus of museums, research centers, and zoo, many of them historical or architectural landmarks, is the largest such complex in the world. (2014)\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015#t=12750.0,12780.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015/annotation_set/539/annotation/849","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003e‘\u003cem\u003eRebbetzin\u003c/em\u003e’ (Yiddish) or ‘\u003cem\u003eRabbanit\u003c/em\u003e’ (Hebrew) is the title used for the wife of a rabbi.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015#t=13050.0,13080.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015/annotation_set/539/annotation/850","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eAsa Griggs Candler (1851-1929) was an American business tycoon who made his fortune selling Coca-Cola. He started his career as a drugstore clerk and manufacturer of patent medicines. In 1888 he bought the formula for Coca-Cola from its inventor John Pemberton and several other shareholders for $550.  Candler made millions from his investment, allowing him to establish the Central Bank and Trust Corp. and invest in real estate. Candler became a major philanthropist and also served as the 44th Mayor of Atlanta from 1916 to 1919.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015#t=13110.0,13140.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015/annotation_set/539/annotation/851","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eFive Points refers to the downtown area of Atlanta. It was the central hub of Atlanta until the 1960’s, when the economic and demographic center shifted north toward the suburbs. It was recently revitalized, mostly due to Georgia State University having a large presence in the area.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015#t=13110.0,13140.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015/annotation_set/539/annotation/852","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eFort Benning is a United States Army post established in 1918 outside Columbus, Georgia with the capability to deploy combat-ready forces by air, rail, and highway. Much of the growth of Columbus can be attributed to the development of Fort Benning.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015#t=13320.0,13350.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015/annotation_set/539/annotation/853","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe Experiment in International Living has been offering immersive experiential learning programs abroad since 1932. Today, the Experiment offers summer programs for students in more than 20 countries around the world. (2014)\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015#t=13380.0,13410.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015/annotation_set/539/annotation/854","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eDue to the nature of an oral interview and its fluidity, Janice’s account of her various jobs before returning to Atlanta and meeting and marrying Rabbi Rothschild, should probably be clarified. It is as follows:  she graduated university in December, 1942 at which time Pearl Harbor occurred and the United States entered the war. Wanting to be useful to the war effort, Janice attended a training course for assistant engineers at Georgia Institute of Technology and learned how to do drafting. This led to a job at Fort Benning in Columbus, Georgia where she worked during the summer of 1943.  In Fall of 1943, she got a government job in the Panama Canal Zone, where she stayed until the summer of 1944. In the summer of 1944 she participated in the Experiment in International Living in Mexico headed by Dr. Donald Watt during which time she observed Paricutin erupting. Then she returned to the United States and took a job with the Signal Corps in Washington, D.C., coding and decoding cables. She stayed there until the end of the war (May, 1945) and then took a short job with the French Mission. Then she returned to working with Dr. Watt, who was then in Vermont, where she helped him write two books.  After that she briefly return to Columbus and then came to Atlanta where she met Rabbi Rothschild, married and stayed.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015#t=13410.0,13440.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015/annotation_set/539/annotation/855","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe Army Corps of Engineers is a United States federal agency under the Department of Defense and is made up of some 37,000 civilian and military personnel. Their mission is to build and maintain dams, canals and flood protection in the United States, provide hydropower capacity and restore and regulate the ecosystem. They also build military facilities for the United States military.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015#t=13440.0,13470.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015/annotation_set/539/annotation/856","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eDuring World War II, the Army Corps of Engineers were involved in efforts to control diseases such as malaria and others due to poor sanitations and contaminated water in the Pacific theater.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015#t=13440.0,13470.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015/annotation_set/539/annotation/857","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe Japanese occupation of the Philippines occurred between 1942 and 1945, when the Empire of Japan occupied the Commonwealth of the Philippines during World War II. The invasion of the Philippines started on December 8, 1941, ten hours after the attack on Pearl Harbor.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015#t=13500.0,13530.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015/annotation_set/539/annotation/858","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThis is the narrow strip of land that lies between the Caribbean Sea and the Pacific Ocean, linking North and South America. It contains the country of Panama and the Panama Canal. It ranges from 30 miles to about 120 miles wide.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015#t=13530.0,13560.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015/annotation_set/539/annotation/859","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eEleanor Roosevelt (1884-1962) was the wife of Franklin Delano Roosevelt, the president of the United States from 1933 to 1945. She supported the New Deal policies of her husband and became an advocate for civil rights. After her husband’s death in 1945, Eleanor continued to be an international author, speaker and politician and activist.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015#t=13650.0,13680.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015/annotation_set/539/annotation/860","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe Virgin Islands are part of the Leeward Islands and form the border between the Caribbean Sea and the Atlantic Ocean. The eastern Virgin Islands are a territory of Great Britain and the western ones are the territory of the United States. The United States Virgin Islands include St. Croix, St. John, and St. Thomas.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015#t=13830.0,13860.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015/annotation_set/539/annotation/861","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe rum-slave trade was known as the ‘Atlantic triangular slave trade.’  Sugar from the Caribbean was traded to Europe or New England, where it was made into rum. The profit from the sale of sugar was used to purchase manufactured goods, which were then shipped to West Africa, where they were bartered for slaves. The slaves were then brought back to the Caribbean to be sold to sugar planters. This process was continued from the late sixteenth to early nineteenth centuries. \u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015#t=13890.0,13920.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015/annotation_set/539/annotation/862","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eRum is a distilled alcoholic beverage made of sugarcane or sugarcane byproducts. It is usually a clear liquid and is aged in oak barrels. The majority of rum production occurs in the Caribbean and Latin American.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015#t=13890.0,13920.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015/annotation_set/539/annotation/863","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eCuracao is an island country in the southern Caribbean Sea, approximately 40 miles north of Venezuela. \u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015#t=13920.0,13950.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015/annotation_set/539/annotation/864","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eVictory in Europe Day, generally known as ‘V-E Day,’ is the public holiday celebrated on May 8, 1945 to mark the formal acceptance by the Allies of World War II of Nazi Germany's unconditional surrender of its armed forces. The day marked the end of World War II in Europe.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015#t=14040.0,14070.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015/annotation_set/539/annotation/865","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eDuring World War II, ration coupon books and tokens were issued dictating how much of product could be bought. Rationing often includes food and other necessities for which there is a shortage, including materials needed for the war effort such as rubber tires, leather shoes, clothing, and gasoline.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015#t=14070.0,14100.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015/annotation_set/539/annotation/866","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe United Nations (UN) is an intergovernmental organization to promote international cooperation. It replaced the ineffective League of Nations. It was established in October 1945 with the intention of preventing another such world war.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015#t=14070.0,14100.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015/annotation_set/539/annotation/867","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eAlthough Germany surrendered on May 8, 1945 ending the war in Europe, the war in the Pacific continued until August 15, 1945. When Japan surrendered World War II was finally over. August 15 is known as ‘V-J Day.’\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015#t=14190.0,14220.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015/annotation_set/539/annotation/868","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eWendell Willkie (1892-1944) was a corporate lawyer in the United States and a dark horse who became the Republican Party nominee for the president in 1940. Willkie was an internationalist and eventually became an informal ambassador-at-large for President Roosevelt. Willkie crisscrossed the globe on the former army bomber the Gulliver, bringing home a vision of \"One World\" freed from imperialism and colonialism.  In 1943, Willkie published One World, recounting his world travels on the Gulliver and urging that America accept some form of \"world government\" after the war. One World was a best-seller.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015#t=14250.0,14280.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015/annotation_set/539/annotation/869","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eA salon is a gathering of people under the roof of an inspiring host, held partly to amuse one another and party to refine the taste and increase the knowledge of the participants through conversation.  They are usually associated with French literary and philosophical movements of the seventeenth and eighteenth century.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015#t=14400.0,14430.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015/annotation_set/539/annotation/870","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThomas Micajah Brumby, Jr. was born in 1878 in Mississippi. He was a prominent businessman and mayor of Marietta as well as active in many other civic affairs.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015#t=14430.0,14460.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015/annotation_set/539/annotation/871","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eMichael Angelo McDowell Jr. (1910-2005) studied music at Emory University under Hugh Hodgson after which he taught music at the University of Georgia in Athens. After serving in World War II he completed his education at Harvard University in Boston with a masters in music in 1948. He returned to Atlanta where he became the chairman of the Music Department at Agnes Scott College, a position he held until his retirement in 1975. He was active in many musical organizations and activities in Atlanta throughout his life.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015#t=14430.0,14460.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015/annotation_set/539/annotation/872","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eFrancis Mitchell studied under Hugh Hodgson and then went on to a career in music in Atlanta.  He worked as a music teacher and choir director in a church.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015#t=14430.0,14460.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015/annotation_set/539/annotation/873","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eWalter Goode Paschall was a prominent Atlanta journalist.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015#t=14460.0,14490.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015/annotation_set/539/annotation/874","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eEliza King Paschall was born in 1917.  She was active in civic, interracial and women’s organizations in which she held several offices including executive director of the Greater Atlanta Council on Human Relations (1961-1967), president of the Georgia League of Women Voters (1955-1957), and national secretary of the National Organization of Women.  She authored It Must Have Rained (1974), which concerned civil rights in Atlanta, Georgia.  She married Walter Goode Paschall (c. 1959) in 1945.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015#t=14490.0,14520.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015/annotation_set/539/annotation/875","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eParicutin is a now-dormant volcano in Mexico.  The volcano surged suddenly from the cornfield of a local farmer in 1943.  It erupted for 9 years, reaching a height of 424 meters (1,400 feet).  Three people were killed, two towns were buried by lava and hundreds had to be relocated.  Paricutin, in 2016, is quiet although the generally area is still active volcanically.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015#t=14700.0,14730.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015/annotation_set/539/annotation/876","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe feminist movement, also known as ‘women's liberation,’ ‘women’s lib,’ the ‘women's movement,’ or ‘feminism’ refers to a series of campaigns for reforms on issues such as equal pay, reproductive rights, domestic violence, maternity leave, women's suffrage, sexual harassment, and sexual violence.  Feminism began in the western world in the late nineteenth century and has gone through three waves. First-wave feminism was oriented around the station of middle- or upper-class white women and involved suffrage and political equality. Second-wave feminism attempted to further combat social and cultural inequalities. Third-wave feminism is continuing to address financial, social and cultural inequalities.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015#t=14820.0,14850.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015/annotation_set/539/annotation/877","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eBetty Friedan (1921-2006) was an American writer, activist, and feminist. A leading figure in the women's movement in the United States, her 1963 book \u003cem\u003eThe Feminine Mystique\u003c/em\u003e is often credited with sparking the second wave of American feminism in the 20th century. In 1966, Friedan founded and was elected the first president of the National Organization for Women (NOW), which aimed to bring women \"into the mainstream of American society now [in] fully equal partnership with men.\"\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015#t=14820.0,14850.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015/annotation_set/539/annotation/878","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe United Service Organizations Inc. (USO) is a nonprofit organization that provides programs, services and live entertainment to United States troops and their families. Since 1941, it has worked in partnership with the Department of Defense, relying heavily on private contributions and on funds, goods, and services from various corporate and individual donors. Although congressionally chartered, it is not a government agency.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015#t=15030.0,15060.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015/annotation_set/539/annotation/879","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe Jewish War Veterans of the United States of America (also referred to as the ‘Jewish War Veterans,’ or the ‘JWV’) is an American-Jewish veterans' organization, and the oldest veterans group in the United States.  It has an estimated 37,000 members.  (2015)\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015#t=15030.0,15060.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015/annotation_set/539/annotation/880","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe Atlanta Biltmore Hotel on West Peachtree Street in Atlanta opened in 1924.  The 11 story hotel and the 10-story apartment buildings were located in Midtown.  There were towering radio masks on each end of the building, with vertical illuminated letters on them that spell out ‘BILTMORE.’  In 1967 it was sold to Sheraton Hotels and became the Sheraton-Biltmore Hotel.  The building has now been renovated and turned into office space and condominiums and is still called the ‘Biltmore.’\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015#t=15150.0,15180.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015/annotation_set/539/annotation/881","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eHill Bermont (1912-2009) was an educator, actor, dancer, public television pioneer at the University of Georgia, licensed hypo-therapist and recipient of Robert F. Kennedy Citation.   He was born Hans Blum in Vienna into a prominent Austrian Jewish family.  When the Nazis came to power, Hill's father fled the Nazi regime. Hill followed and lived temporarily in England before traveling to the United States. He lived in New York before moving to Atlanta, Georgia.  He took the stage name of ‘Hill Bermont’ which later became his legal name.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015#t=15210.0,15240.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015/annotation_set/539/annotation/882","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eMax Bernhardt (1906-1979) was born in Wittenberge, Germany.  He was an actor, known for his roles in \u003cem\u003eSolche Zeiten\u003c/em\u003e (1955), \u003cem\u003eDas Risiko\u003c/em\u003e (1965) and \u003cem\u003eFeind im Blut\u003c/em\u003e (1931).\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015#t=15240.0,15270.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015/annotation_set/539/annotation/883","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eFrank Wittow founded the Academy Theatre in Atlanta, Georgia in 1956. He was the artistic director of the Academy Theatre from 1956 until his death in 2006.  During his life he directed more than 200 productions: plays, musical theatre and opera, in New York, Chicago, Cleveland, Montreal, Philadelphia and Los Angeles. As an actor, he appeared in more than 150 roles, including leading roles in \u003cem\u003eA Touch of the Poet\u003c/em\u003e, \u003cem\u003eWaiting for Godot\u003c/em\u003e, \u003cem\u003eKing Lear\u003c/em\u003e, \u003cem\u003eMacbeth\u003c/em\u003e, and \u003cem\u003eDeath of a Salesman\u003c/em\u003e.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015#t=15270.0,15300.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015/annotation_set/539/annotation/884","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eEmanuel Feldman (b. 1927) is an Orthodox Jewish rabbi and rabbi emeritus of Congregation of Atlanta, Georgia.  During his nearly 40 years as a congregational rabbi, he nurtured the growth of the Orthodox community in Atlanta from a community small enough to support two small Orthodox synagogues (and one nominally Orthodox one, Shearith Israel, which eventually became Conservative), to a community large enough to support Jewish day schools, yeshivas, girls schools and a kollel.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015#t=15570.0,15600.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015/annotation_set/539/annotation/885","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eA saying meaning someone who is good or competent at their job or profession; someone who deserves respect.  (Salt was regarded as being the highest of value and a valuable trade item in the past.)\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015#t=15660.0,15690.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015/annotation_set/539/annotation/886","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe principal island in the Solomon Islands in the southwestern Pacific.  It was the site of the first major offensive by Allied forces against Japan during World War II.  Between August 7, 1942 and February 9, 1943 Guadalcanal was one of the bitterest battlefields in the Pacific, at the end of which the Allies were victorious.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015#t=15780.0,15810.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015/annotation_set/539/annotation/887","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eNew Caledonia was an archipelago belonging to France located in the southwest Pacific Ocean.  During World War II, its major port, Noumea, was used by the Allies as a major staging base for the United States Army and Navy in the Pacific.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015#t=15780.0,15810.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015/annotation_set/539/annotation/888","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eOfficially the Republic of Fiji, comprising near 332 volcanic islands (of which 100 are inhabited) and 500 islets.  Fiji was a British colony during World War II and the Fiji Defense Force fought with New Zealanders in the Solomon Islands campaign.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015#t=15780.0,15810.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015/annotation_set/539/annotation/889","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eSolomon Bennett Freehof (1892-1990) was a prominent Reform rabbi and scholar. Rabbi Freehof served as president of the Central Conference of American Rabbis and the World Union for Progressive Judaism. He spearheaded changes to Reform liturgy with revisions to the Union Prayer Book (siddur). For many years, he served as the pulpit rabbi at Rodef Shalom in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015#t=15810.0,15840.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015/annotation_set/539/annotation/890","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe book mentioned here is \u003cem\u003eOne Voice: Rabbi Jacob M. Rothschild and the Troubled South\u003c/em\u003e, published in 1985.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015#t=15810.0,15840.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015/annotation_set/539/annotation/891","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe \u003cem\u003emenorah\u003c/em\u003e, which has seven branches, is an ancient symbol of the Jews. It has come to be connected with \u003cem\u003eHanukkah\u003c/em\u003e.  The \u003cem\u003eTalmud\u003c/em\u003e states that it is prohibited to use a seven-branched menorah outside of the Temple so the \u003cem\u003eHanukkah menorah\u003c/em\u003e (\u003cem\u003ehanukiah\u003c/em\u003e) has nine branches.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015#t=15810.0,15840.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015/annotation_set/539/annotation/892","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eHarold Hirsch (1881-1930) was a well-known attorney who was active in philanthropic organizations in the Atlanta area. He received his law degree in 1904 and soon became one of Atlanta's most prominent lawyers, helping Coca-Cola trademark its signature logo and bottle design in a number of copyright infringement cases. He was also involved in the creation of the law school at Emory University and one of the founding members of the faculty. Hirsch was very involved in philanthropic endeavors, particularly those in the Jewish community. He was a member of the Hebrew Benevolent Congregation (the Temple), the Federation of Jewish Charities, the United Jewish Charities, and the Independent Order of B'nai B'rith.  He helped found The Atlanta Committee for German-Jewish Relief and served as chairman of the organization.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015#t=15930.0,15960.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015/annotation_set/539/annotation/893","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eColloquially, \u003cem\u003emegillah\u003c/em\u003e means a ‘long, involved story or account.’  Specifically, it originates from the Hebrew word for ‘scroll’ or ‘volume’ (used especially in the Book of Esther in the Bible, which is read aloud at the \u003cem\u003ePurim\u003c/em\u003e celebration.)\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015#t=16050.0,16080.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015/annotation_set/539/annotation/894","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eAs But A Day: The First Hundred Years\u003c/em\u003e (1867-1967) by Janice Rothschild and its sequel \u003cem\u003eAs But A Day: To A Hundred and Twenty\u003c/em\u003e (1867-1987) by Janice Rothschild Blumberg.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015#t=16110.0,16140.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015/annotation_set/539/annotation/895","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003ePhilip Trammell Shutze (1890-1982) was an important Atlanta architect of the early twentieth century.  Several of Shutze’s buildings are on the National Register of Historic Places, including the Swan House, the Academy of Medicine, and the sanctuary of the Temple (in Atlanta, Georgia).  Boys’ High (later Henry Grady High School); the Science Building and Chapel at Spelman College; Glenn Memorial Church, and the Education Building at Emory University. He worked with the firm Hentz, Reid \u0026amp; Adler. After Reid’s death, Shutze became partner in 1927 and the firm became known as Hentz, Adler \u0026amp; Shutze.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015#t=16110.0,16140.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015/annotation_set/539/annotation/896","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eAnsley Park is an affluent residential neighborhood in Atlanta, located east of Midtown and west of Piedmont Park. Ansley Golf Club borders the district. The neighborhood was largely completed by 1930. It has been designated a Historic District on the National Register of Historic Places.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015#t=16200.0,16230.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015/annotation_set/539/annotation/897","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe Central Conference of American Rabbis was founded in 1889, is the oldest and largest rabbinic organization in North American.  It works to enhance and foster unity and excellence among Reform rabbis and the application of Jewish values to contemporary life.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015#t=16410.0,16440.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015/annotation_set/539/annotation/898","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe American Council for Judaism (ACJ) is an organization of American Jews committed to the proposition that Jews are not a nationality but merely a religious group, adhering to the original stated principles of Reform Judaism.  The ACJ was founded in June 1942 by a group of Reform rabbis who opposed the direction of their movement, including the issue of Zionism.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015#t=16500.0,16530.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015/annotation_set/539/annotation/899","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eRabbi Norman Gerstenfeld, succeeded Rabbi Abram Simon at the Washington Hebrew Congregation, in 1938.  He served the congregation for more than 30 years and was a presence in the national Reform movement.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015#t=16560.0,16590.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015/annotation_set/539/annotation/900","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eYiddishkeit\u003c/em\u003e literally means \"Jewishness\", i.e. “a Jewish way of life” in the Yiddish language.  In a more general sense it has come to mean the \"Jewishness\" or \"Jewish essence\" of Ashkenazi Jews in general and the traditional Yiddish-speaking Jews of Eastern and Central Europe in particular. From a more secular perspective it is associated with the popular culture or folk practices of Yiddish-speaking Jews, such as popular religious traditions, Eastern European Jewish food, Yiddish humor, and \u003cem\u003eklezmer\u003c/em\u003e music, among other things.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015#t=16740.0,16770.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015/annotation_set/539/annotation/901","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eKlal Yisrael\u003c/em\u003e (Hebrew for the “Whole of Israel”) refers to the idea of the whole of the Jewish people, no matter where they are and their interconnections.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015#t=16770.0,16800.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015/annotation_set/539/annotation/902","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eProphetic Judaism follows the belief that Jews should lead an ethical life, but also to be change agents: that they need to make the world a better place because they are commanded in the \u003cem\u003eTorah\u003c/em\u003e and by the prophets to do so.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015#t=16950.0,16980.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015/annotation_set/539/annotation/903","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eEthical Judaism follows the belief that is consistent with ethical commandments (as opposed to ritual commandments.) That is, for example, to be kind to other people, honor your father and mother, be fair in your dealings with others, give charity, etc. but not necessarily keep all the ritual commandments. \u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015#t=16950.0,16980.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015/annotation_set/539/annotation/904","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe Reform movement in Germany stressed the idea that they did not want to reject ritual but they wished to adapt it to the modern world (such as performing the service in German.) They wanted to adapt ritual, not negate it.  Thus, Janice is saying that early, isolated Jews wished to keep tradition and ritual, rather than abandon it or even adapt it, but found it impossible to do in the circumstances of their actual life.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015#t=16950.0,16980.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015/annotation_set/539/annotation/905","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eIn 1928 Rabbi Harry Epstein (1903-2003) served as the rabbi of Ahavath Achim from 1928 to 1982.  Under his leadership the congregation began to shift to Conservatism, which they adopted in 1952. Rabbi Epstein retired in 1982, becoming Rabbi Emeritus and Rabbi Arnold Goodman assumed the rabbinic post.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015#t=16980.0,17010.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015/annotation_set/539/annotation/906","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eRabbi Joseph Cohen received his training for the rabbinate in Turkey and accepted his first pulpit in Havana, Cuba in 1920, where he was spiritual leader of the Congregation Union Hebraic de Cuba. In 1934, he moved to Atlanta, Georgia, and was installed as Rabbi of Congregation Or VeShalom three days after his arrival. In addition to his rabbinical duties, he served as the teacher and principal of Or VeShalom's Hebrew school. Rabbi Cohen was also active at the Atlanta Bureau of Jewish Education, the Adult Institute of Jewish Studies, the Atlanta Jewish Federation, and was the first president of the Atlanta Rabbinical Association. Rabbi Cohen retired in 1969 and died in 1985.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015#t=17010.0,17040.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015/annotation_set/539/annotation/907","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eCongregation Or VeShalom was established by refugees of the Ottoman Empire, namely from Turkey and the Isle of Rhodes.  The congregation began in 1920 and was based at Central and Woodward Avenues until 1948 when it moved to a larger building on North Highland Road.  The current building for OrVeshalom is on North Druid Hills Road.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015#t=17010.0,17040.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015/annotation_set/539/annotation/908","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eRabbi Tobias Geffen (1870-1970) was an Orthodox rabbi and leader of Congregation Shearith Israel in Atlanta from 1910-1970. He is widely known for his 1935 decision that certified Coca-Cola as kosher. He also organized the first Hebrew school in Atlanta, and standardized regulation of kosher supervision in the Atlanta area.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015#t=17040.0,17070.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015/annotation_set/539/annotation/909","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe United Jewish Appeal (UJA) was a Jewish philanthropic umbrella organization that collected and distributed funds to Jewish organizations in their community and around the country.  UJA existed from 1939 until it was folded into the United Jewish Communities, which was formed from the 1999 merger of United Jewish Appeal (UJA), Council of Jewish Federations and United Israel Appeal, Inc.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015#t=17160.0,17190.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015/annotation_set/539/annotation/910","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe Jewish Federation of Greater Atlanta raises funds which are dispersed throughout the Jewish community.  Services also include caring for Jews in need locally and around the world, community outreach, leadership development, educational opportunities.  It is part of the Jewish Federation of North America (JFNA).\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015#t=17160.0,17190.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015/annotation_set/539/annotation/911","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eHebrew for ‘platform.’ The bimah is a raised structure in the synagogue from which the \u003cem\u003eTorah\u003c/em\u003e is read and from which prayers are led.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015#t=17250.0,17280.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015/annotation_set/539/annotation/912","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eA Displaced Persons (DP) camp was a temporary facility for displaced persons after World War II.  Most of them were in West Germany and Austria.  They mostly housed former inmates of German concentrations camps but also included refugees from all over Europe.  Some of them were in the old concentration camps themselves such as Dachau and Bergen-Belsen.  The UNRRA took over the administration of the camps from the military.  Many of them became more or less permanent homes while the displaced persons relocated around the world or were repatriated.  By 1952, only Fohrenwald DP camp was still open.  It closed in 1957.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015#t=17280.0,17310.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015/annotation_set/539/annotation/913","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eAir France is the national flag carrier for France.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015#t=17280.0,17310.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015/annotation_set/539/annotation/914","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eBeth Jacob is an Orthodox synagogue on Lavista Road in Atlanta founded in 1942 by former members of Ahavath Achim who were looking for a more Orthodox congregation.  Beth Jacob is now Atlanta’s largest Orthodox congregation.  The first location was a converted house on Boulevard.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015#t=17430.0,17460.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015/annotation_set/539/annotation/915","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eFrank Garson (1886-1955) was an Atlanta businessman and philanthropist.  He founded the Lovable Company, manufacturing lingerie and brassieres.  He was born Frank Gottesman and later changed his name to Garson. Garson was active in the United Palestine Appeal, the Jewish National Fund, the Jewish Welfare Board and the Anti-Defamation League of B'nai B'rith.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015#t=17490.0,17520.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015/annotation_set/539/annotation/916","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eKosher/\u003cem\u003eKashrut\u003c/em\u003e is the set of Jewish dietary laws. Food that may be consumed according to \u003cem\u003ehalakhah\u003c/em\u003e (Jewish law) is termed ‘kosher’ in English. Kosher refers to Jewish laws that dictate how food is prepared or served and which kinds of foods or animals can be eaten. Food that is not in accordance with Jewish law is called ‘\u003cem\u003etreif\u003c/em\u003e.’ The word ‘kosher’ has become English vernacular, a colloquialism meaning proper, legitimate, genuine, fair, or acceptable. Kosher can also be used to describe ritual objects that are made in accordance with Jewish law and are fit for ritual use.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015#t=17610.0,17640.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015/annotation_set/539/annotation/917","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe Yom Kippur War was fought by the coalition of Arab states led by Egypt and Syria against Israel from October 6 to 25, 1973. The Arabs launched a surprise attack on \u003cem\u003eYom Kippur\u003c/em\u003e, the holiest day in Judaism.  Egyptian and Syrian forces crossed ceasefire lines to enter the Sinai Peninsula and the Golan Heights, which had been captured by Israel in the 1967 Six-Day War. The Israelis managed to halt the Egyptian offensive and then forced them back to the pre­war lines. After the cease fire the Israelis withdrew from the Sinai Peninsula.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015#t=18240.0,18270.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015/annotation_set/539/annotation/918","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eDavid Ben-Gurion (1886-1973) was one of the primary founders and the first Prime Minister of Israel.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015#t=18240.0,18270.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015/annotation_set/539/annotation/919","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eRabbi Maurice N. Eisendrath was the executive director and president of the Union of American Hebrew Congregations from 1943 to 1973.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015#t=18240.0,18270.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015/annotation_set/539/annotation/920","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eHildegarde Bennett (d. 1973) was her stage name. She was the head of the dance department at Spelman College and a former co-director and choreographer of the Atlanta Ballet.  She was active in the Jewish community as well.  She was married to Dr. Abraham Tornow.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015#t=18330.0,18360.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015/annotation_set/539/annotation/921","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eAngina pectoris is chest pain from heart disease or coronary artery disease (blocking of the arteries leading to the heart). Worsening angina leads to a full-blown heart attack.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015#t=18360.0,18390.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015/annotation_set/539/annotation/922","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eAn angiogram is an X-ray test that uses a special dye and camera to take pictures of the blood flow in an artery or a vein.  It is used to look at the arteries or veins in the head, arms, legs, checks, back or belly.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015#t=18420.0,18450.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015/annotation_set/539/annotation/923","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eMarcia Rothschild died in an automobile accident on April 19, 2015 outside Knoxville, Tennessee.  She was 67 years old.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015#t=18570.0,18600.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015/annotation_set/539/annotation/924","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe Westminster Schools is a private Christian day school in Atlanta, Georgia that originated in 1951 as a reorganization of the North Avenue Presbyterian School, a girls' school and an affiliate of the North Avenue Presbyterian Church. Dr. William L. Pressly served as Westminster's first president. In 1953, Washington Seminary, another private school for girls founded by two of George Washington's great-nieces in 1878, merged with Westminster. The resulting school was co-educational until the sixth grade, with separate schools for boys and girls continuing through the twelfth grade, a practice that continued until 1986 and provided the basis of Westminster's plural name.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015#t=18720.0,18750.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015/annotation_set/539/annotation/925","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThis concerns a long-standing policy that was in place at the Westminster Schools barring non-Christians from faculty positions. Following some years of controversy and national media coverage, the employment policy was changed in 1993.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015#t=18870.0,18900.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015/annotation_set/539/annotation/926","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eOne of the Harvest Festivals.  It is seven days long and comes after the ingathering of the yearly harvest.  It celebrates G-d’s bounty in nature and G-d’s protection, symbolized by the fragile booths in which the Israelites dwelt in the wilderness.  During Sukkot Jews eat and live in such booths which gives the festival its name and character.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015#t=19080.0,19110.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015/annotation_set/539/annotation/927","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eCamp Coleman is a Reform Jewish summer camp in Cleveland, Georgia that was established in 1964.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015#t=19260.0,19290.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015/annotation_set/539/annotation/928","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eBlue Star is a Jewish summer camp in North Carolina's Blue Ridge Mountains.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015#t=19260.0,19290.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015/annotation_set/539/annotation/929","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe Davis Academy is a private Jewish day school in Atlanta, Georgia for students from kindergarten preparatory through eighth grade.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015#t=19800.0,19830.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015/annotation_set/539/annotation/930","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eSimon Schwob (1886-1954), was a Columbus, Georgia industrialist and philanthropist.  He was president of Schwob manufacturing and four related companies and a strong supporter of the movement to establish a college in Columbus. He was also concerned with charitable and Jewish activities in the Columbus community.  Schwob was born in Alsace-Lorraine and came to the United States in the early 1900’s.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015#t=19950.0,19980.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015/annotation_set/539/annotation/931","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003e‘Moguls’ are important persons with great wealth and power.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015#t=19980.0,20010.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015/annotation_set/539/annotation/932","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eTemple Sinai was founded in 1968 as a reform congregation and met in a variety of locations before establishing a synagogue on Dupree Drive in Sandy Springs. Rabbi Richard Lehrman was chosen as the congregation's founding rabbi.  The current rabbi is Rabbi Ron Segal (2016).\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015#t=20100.0,20130.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015/annotation_set/539/annotation/933","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eRabbi Alvin M. Sugarman is the rabbi emeritus of the Temple in Atlanta.  He began his rabbinate at the Temple in 1971 and in 1974 was named senior rabbi. A native of Atlanta, Rabbi Sugarman received his BBA from Emory University and was ordained by Hebrew Union College. In 1988 he received his PhD in Theological Studies from Emory University.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015#t=20160.0,20190.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015/annotation_set/539/annotation/934","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eRabbi Roland B. Gittelsohn (1910-1995) was rabbi emeritus at Temple Israel in Boston, where he served from 1953 to 1977. From 1936 to 1953, he served the Central Synagogue of Nassau County in Rockville Centre, New York.  Gittelsohn was a scholar on religious and governmental issues who was a Marine Corps chaplain during the battle of Iwo Jima. He was awarded three combat ribbons for his service with the Fifth Marine Division there. His sermon at the dedication of the division's cemetery attracted wide attention and was read by many radio and television announcers during and after the war.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015#t=20280.0,20310.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015/annotation_set/539/annotation/935","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003ePhilip Posner was Assistant Rabbi at the Temple from 1968 to 1971.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015#t=20460.0,20490.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015/annotation_set/539/annotation/936","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eDr. Samuel Williams (1912-1970) was a civil rights leader, teacher, and preacher. He joined the Morehouse College faculty in 1946 and was Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr.’s philosophy professor at Morehouse.  Williams was the fourth pastor of Friendship Baptist Church, serving during the critical period of desegregation in Atlanta and the United States (1954-1970).  He was a founder of SCLC (Southern Christian Leadership Conference), President of the Atlanta NAACP, and chairman of the Atlanta Human Relations Commission.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015#t=20670.0,20700.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015/annotation_set/539/annotation/937","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eBillye Williams Aaron is a media personality and advocate for higher education for African-American citizens.  She received her bachelor's degree from Texas College and later her master's degree from Atlanta University. During her graduate studies, she met and married Samuel W. Williams, a Morehouse College professor of philosophy and religion, the pastor of Friendship Baptist Church in Atlanta and a distinguished civil rights leader. She was widowed in 1970 and in 1973 married baseball legend Hank Aaron.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015#t=20670.0,20700.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015/annotation_set/539/annotation/938","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe National Conference of Christians and Jews was founded in 1927. Its founders included prominent social activists who dedicated the organization to bringing diverse people together to address interfaith divisions. Several years later, the NCCJ expanded its work to include all issues of social justice including race, class, gender equity, sexual orientation and the rights of people with different abilities. In the 1990’s, the name was changed to the National Conference for Community and Justice to better reflect the breadth and depth of its mission, the growing diversity of the country and the need to be more inclusive.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015#t=20670.0,20700.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015/annotation_set/539/annotation/939","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eCoretta Scott King (1927-2006) was an American author, civil rights leader. The widow of Martin Luther King, Jr., Coretta Scott King helped lead the Civil Rights Movement in the 1960’s. King often participated in many of her husband's exploits and goals during the battle for equality. Mrs. King played a prominent role in the years after her husband's 1968 assassination when she took on the leadership of the struggle for racial equality herself and became active in the Women's Movement and the LGBT rights movement. King founded the King Center in Atlanta and sought to make her husband’s birthday a national holiday.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015#t=20730.0,20760.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015/annotation_set/539/annotation/940","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eIn 1941, Carolyn Dunbar Yancey earned a Bachelor of Arts degree in education and social work from Wayne University, now Wayne State University. She taught school in Detroit, Michigan and been a homemaker in Alabama by the time she, her children, and her husband, Dr. Asa G. Yancey Sr., moved to Atlanta.  In 1982, she was elected to the Atlanta Board of Education, a panel she served on for 15 years. In 1983, then-Georgia governor Joe Frank Harris appointed her to the State Board of Regents, making her the first black female to serve in that role.  Carolyn Dunbar Yancey died in Atlanta in 2010.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015#t=20760.0,20790.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015/annotation_set/539/annotation/941","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe American Civil Rights Movement encompasses social movements in the United States whose goal was to end racial segregation and discrimination against black Americans and enforce constitutional voting rights to them. The movement was characterized by major campaigns of civil resistance. Between 1955 and 1968, acts of nonviolent protest and civil disobedience produced crisis situations between activists and government authorities. Noted legislative achievements during this phase of the Civil Rights Movement were passage of the Civil Rights Act of 1964, the Voting Rights Act of 1965, the Immigration and Nationality Services Act of 1965, and the Fair Housing Act of 1968.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015#t=20850.0,20880.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015/annotation_set/539/annotation/942","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eAtlanta hosted the Olympics from July 19 to August 14, 1996. A record 197 nations took part in the games, comprising 10,318 athletes.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015#t=20880.0,20910.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015/annotation_set/539/annotation/943","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eAn Afrikaans word meaning ‘separateness” or literally “apart hood.”  It was a system of racial segregation in South Africa enforced through legislation by the National Party, the governing party from 1948 to 1994.  Under apartheid, the rights, associations, and movements of the majority black inhabitants and other ethnic groups were curtailed, and white minority rule was maintained. Apartheid sparked significant internal resistance, violence, and a long arms and trade embargo against South Africa.  Starting in the 1950’s, a series of popular uprisings and protests was met with the banning of opposition and imprisoning of anti-apartheid leaders. Along with the sanctions placed on South Africa by the international community, this made it increasingly difficult for the government to maintain the regime. Apartheid reforms in the 1980’s failed to quell the mounting opposition, and in 1990 negotiations were begun to end apartheid, culminating in multi-racial democratic elections in 1944, won by the African National Congress under Nelson Mandela. \u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015#t=21060.0,21090.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015/annotation_set/539/annotation/944","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eB'nai B'rith International (Hebrew: ‘Children of the Covenant’) is the oldest Jewish service organization in the world. B'nai B'rith states that it is committed to the security and continuity of the Jewish people and the State of Israel and combating antisemitism and bigotry. Its mission is to unite persons of the Jewish faith and to enhance Jewish identity through strengthening Jewish family life, to provide broad-based services for the benefit of senior citizens, and to facilitate advocacy and action on behalf of Jews throughout the world.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015#t=21210.0,21240.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015/annotation_set/539/annotation/945","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe World Union for Progressive Judaism was established in London in 1926 and is an international umbrella organization of the Reform, Liberal, Progressive and Reconstructionist movements, serving 1,200 congregations with 1.8 million members in more than 50 countries.  (2016)\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015#t=21330.0,21360.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015/annotation_set/539/annotation/946","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eDevelopment Corporation for Israel, commonly known as ‘Israel Bonds,’ is a broker-dealer that underwrites securities issued by the State of Israel in the United States.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015#t=21510.0,21540.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015/annotation_set/539/annotation/947","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eMaskit\u003c/em\u003e is a Hebrew word roughly meaning art that falls between ‘high’ art and arts and crafts.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015#t=21570.0,21600.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015/annotation_set/539/annotation/948","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003e The America-Israel Cultural Foundation is a non-profit that supports artistic life in Israel. Since 1939, AICF has played a leading role in helping develop and fund many of Israel's largest cultural institutions.  The foundation also cultivates Israel's future artistic leaders by identifying and nurturing emerging artists and furthering their education and careers.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015#t=21570.0,21600.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015/annotation_set/539/annotation/949","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eIsaac Stern (1920-2001) was a Soviet-born violinist and conductor.  He was renowned for his recordings and for discovering new musical talent. Stern maintained close ties with Israel and began performing in the country in 1949. Stern was a supporter of several educational projects in Israel including the America-Israel Cultural Foundation.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015#t=21570.0,21600.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015/annotation_set/539/annotation/950","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eIn 1992, M. William Breman gave the lead gift, ensuring the creation of the William Breman Jewish Heritage Museum.  In 1996, the museum opened at the Selig Center on Spring Street in Midtown Atlanta. The Museum features a permanent exhibit called Absence of Humanity: The Holocaust Years, 1933-1945 as well as exhibitions about Southern Jewish history and Jewish culture. The Breman Museum also includes the Cuba Family Archives for Southern Jewish History, the Weinberg Center for Holocaust Education, and a library of research materials.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015#t=21780.0,21810.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015/annotation_set/539/annotation/951","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eMarc Chagall was born in Belarus in 1887.  He moved to Paris in 1910 to pursue a career as a painter.  Some of Chagall’s work was deemed too modern and was confiscated and burned by the Nazis during World War II.  Chagall and his family escaped Europe in 1941 and arrived in New York where he stayed until moving back to Paris in 1948.  Many of Chagall’s paintings had Jewish themes, and in 1960, Chagall created a series of stained-glass windows for the synagogue at Hebrew University.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015#t=21840.0,21870.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015/annotation_set/539/annotation/952","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eCamille Pissarro (1830-1903) was a Danish-French Impressionist and Neo-Impressionist painter.  He acted as a father figure to all four of the major Post-Impressionists, including Georges Seurat, Paul Cezanne, Vincent van Gogh and Paul Gauguin.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015#t=21840.0,21870.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015/annotation_set/539/annotation/953","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eAmedeo Modigliani (1884-1920) was an Italian painter and sculptor who worked mainly in France.  He is known for his portraits and nudes, which were not received well in his lifetime, but later found acceptance.  His main subject was portraits and full figure of humans, both in the images and in the sculptures.  He had little success in his life, but after his death he achieved greater popularity.  He died at age 35 in Paris of tubercular meningitis.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015#t=21840.0,21870.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015/annotation_set/539/annotation/954","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eBorn Julius Mordecai Pincas (1885-1930), Pascin, as he was known, was a Bulgarian artist who later became an American citizen.  His most frequent subject was women, depicted in casual poses usually nude or partly dressed.  He was of the Paris artistic circle.  He struggled with depression and alcoholism and committed suicide at the age of 45.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015#t=21840.0,21870.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015/annotation_set/539/annotation/955","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eChaim Soutine (1893-1943) was a Russian painter of Belarusian Jewish origin.  He made a major contribution to the expressionist movement while living in Paris, France.  Inspired by Rembrandt and other he developed an individual style more concerned with shape, color and texture over representation, which served as a bridge between the more traditional approaches and the developing form of Abstract Expressionism.  As a Jew during the German occupation of France he moved from place to place and was sometimes forced to seek shelter in forests, sleeping outdoors.  Suffering from a stomach ulcer and bleeding badly, he left hiding to get medical help in Paris where he died.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015#t=21840.0,21870.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015/annotation_set/539/annotation/956","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eMoses Seixas (1774-1809) was a first generation Jewish-American whose parents migrated from Lisbon, Portugal, to Newport, Rhode Island.  Seixas rose to prominence as warden of Newport's Touro Synagogue of Congregation Jeshuat Israel, Grand Master of the Grand Lodge of Free and Accepted Masons of Rhode Island, and co-founder of the Bank of Rhode Island. Seixas is perhaps best remembered for the congratulatory letter he wrote in 1790 on behalf of his congregation to the recently inaugurated President George Washington. Seixas sought assurances that the enumerated rights of freedom of religion and enfranchisement would apply to American Jews in the new republic.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015#t=21900.0,21930.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015/annotation_set/539/annotation/957","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eYaacov Agam was born Yaakov Gipstein in 1928 in Mandate Palestine. He was trained in art in Israel, then moved to Zurich, Switzerland in 1949, where he studied painting and sculpture.  In 1951 he went to Paris, France, where he still lives (2016). Agam is known for his ‘kinetic art,’ that is, art with movement such as fountains, large sculpture with light and sound.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015#t=21990.0,22020.0"}]},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015/index/48430","type":"AnnotationPage","label":{"en":["Janice Blumberg [Index]"]},"items":[{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015/index/48430/annotation/958","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"The day of the Temple Bombing in 1958 in Atlanta, GA","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Title"]}}],"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015#t=21.0,914.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015/index/48430/annotation/959","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"SCHOENBERG: . . . We are going to concentrate our efforts today on the era and the episode of the bombing of the big Temple in Atlanta, Georgia, which took place on October 12, [1958]. However, we probably will get further afield than that. Let me begin by asking you to just describe what happened that morning.\nBLUMBERG: We were awakened by a telephone call about 7:15 [a.m.] I'm slow waking up, and the rabbi, knowing that the telephone was on my side of the bed, he jumped up, ran around and answered it.","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Partial Transcript"]}}],"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015#t=21.0,914.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015/index/48430/annotation/960","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Atlanta (Ga.)","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Blumberg, Janice Rothschild","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"bomb threats","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Bombing investigation--Georgia--Atlanta","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Democrat","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Eisenhower, Dwight D. 1890-1969","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Federal Bureau of Investigation (U.S.)","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Hartsfield, William Berry","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Jewish Community Council","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Jewish families--United States","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Rothschild, Jacob, 1911-1973","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Temple (Atlanta, Ga.)","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Temple Bombing--Atlanta, Ga. (1958)","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}}],"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015#t=21.0,914.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015/index/48430/annotation/961","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Temple Bombing trial ","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Title"]}}],"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015#t=914.0,2026.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015/index/48430/annotation/962","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"SCHOENBERG: . . . Had there been any threats, either verbal or written, prior to the bombing itself? \nBLUMBERG: Actually, yes, but we didn't take them too seriously. I forget whether . . . no, I'm pretty sure the one time that we found out that Rabbi Rothschild was on a hit list, or we were told that he was, I think by the ADL [Anti-Defamation League], was much later. I started to tell you about that. I realized that the other two people who were on it, we were told, were Martin Luther King Jr. and Ralph McGill.","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Partial Transcript"]}}],"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015#t=914.0,2026.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015/index/48430/annotation/963","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Anti-defamation League","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Atlanta (Ga.)","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"bomb threats","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Bombing investigation--Georgia--Atlanta","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Bright, George","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"community theater","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"court trials--United States","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Federal Bureau of Investigation (U.S.)","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"First Baptist Church (Atlanta, Ga.)","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Garland, Reuben","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Georgia. 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(1958)","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"threats of violence","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Venable, James R.","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}}],"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015#t=914.0,2026.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015/index/48430/annotation/964","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Damage to the Temple from the bombing, rebuilding efforts, and Atlanta community support","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Title"]}}],"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015#t=2026.0,2441.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015/index/48430/annotation/965","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"SCHOENBERG: Let's back up. We’ve done the actual bombing. It is documented, the damage that was done. The bomb was placed by the side door on the north side of the building. Is that correct? The rabbi's study was near there and the social hall was damaged and the gift shop and things of that nature, but the sanctuary itself did not sustain significant damage. \nBLUMBERG: Very little. His study didn't either. The reason for this was the door in those days opened out into a little foyer and then the hall that went from the sanctuary to the stairs that led to the schoolrooms. ","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Partial Transcript"]}}],"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015#t=2026.0,2441.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015/index/48430/annotation/966","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"antisemitism","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Atlanta (Ga.)","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Immigrants--United States--Ethnic identity","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"insurance coverage","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"interreligious relations","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"philanthropy","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Reform Judaism","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Temple (Atlanta, Ga.)","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Temple Bombing--Atlanta, Ga. 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The immigrants from Germany were not all Jewish. If you look at the original members of what is now the Standard Club, which was then the Concordia [Club] . . .","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Partial Transcript"]}}],"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015#t=2441.0,3176.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015/index/48430/annotation/969","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"American Civil War","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"antisemitism","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Atlanta (Ga.)","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Carnegie Library of Atlanta","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Haas, Aaron, d. 1912","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Immigrants--United States--Ethnic identity","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"interreligious relations","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Jewish leadership","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Jews--Georgia--Atlanta","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Marx, David, 1872–1962","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Mayer, David","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Race riots--Georgia--Atlanta--History--20th century","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Reform Judaism","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Rothschild, Jacob, 1911-1973","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}}],"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015#t=2441.0,3176.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015/index/48430/annotation/970","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Rabbi Jack Rothschild's ideas on Judaism and social justice","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Title"]}}],"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015#t=3176.0,3684.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015/index/48430/annotation/971","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"SCHOENBERG: . . . Rabbi Rothschild came to Atlanta in what year? \nBLUMBERG: In 1946. \nSCHOENBERG: His own background was not a southern background. \nBLUMBERG: No, very definitely not. \nSCHOENBERG: How did his background, his training, his educational background, interact with and influence his interaction with this very old, very southern community of the Temple? What did he come with as an agenda? 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Dr. Marx came to Atlanta as a very young man with very little experience. He had been one year out of the seminary or his rabbinic training, from what I've read. He had this opportunity, starting in 1895, to stay in one place and lead the Temple, the Hebrew Benevolent Congregation, for a period of 50 plus years. Was it too long? \nBLUMBERG: By all means it was too long. I think part of him also knew it was too long because he talked about retirement. But don't forget, first of all in those days this happened in many congregations, particularly in the South.","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Partial Transcript"]}}],"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015#t=3684.0,4700.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015/index/48430/annotation/975","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Atlanta (Ga.)","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Civil rights movement","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"finances","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Hebrew Benevolent Congregation (Atlanta, Ga.)","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Jews--Georgia--Atlanta","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Mantinband, Charles","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Marx, David, 1872–1962","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"rabbis","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Reform Judaism","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"retirement","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Rothschild, Jacob, 1911-1973","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Sandmel, Samuel","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Schwartz, William B.","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Temple (Atlanta, Ga.)","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"World War II","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}}],"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015#t=3684.0,4700.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015/index/48430/annotation/976","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Jewish community's reaction to the Temple Bombing","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Title"]}}],"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015#t=4700.0,4999.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015/index/48430/annotation/977","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"SCHOENBERG: . . . You also alluded to the fact that the congregation felt that had Rabbi Rothschild not been quite so forthcoming, so outspoken in his support of Brown v. Board of Education, or civil rights per se, that perhaps this wouldn’t have happened to them. Was there a good deal of . . . \nBLUMBERG: . . . resentment . . . \nSCHOENBERG: . . . maybe not totally overt or verbal kinds of abuse thrown at the rabbi, after the fact?","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Partial Transcript"]}}],"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015#t=4700.0,4999.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015/index/48430/annotation/978","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Civil rights movement","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Frank, Leo, 1884-1915--Trials, litigation, etc.","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"High Holy Days","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Pittsburgh (Pa.)","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Rothschild, Jacob, 1911-1973","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Temple (Atlanta, Ga.)","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Temple Bombing--Atlanta, Ga. 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Tell us something about how your family originated in this area and how they got to the United States.\nBLUMBERG: Parts of my family came to the United States in the 1840’s.\nSCHOENBERG: Give names, dates, and places, if you would please. \nBLUMBERG: From my mother's side of the family they were the ones who came very, very early. I'm not that sure about my father's family.","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Partial Transcript"]}}],"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015#t=4999.0,5825.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015/index/48430/annotation/981","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Atlanta (Ga.)","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Boston (Mass.)","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Browne, \"Alphabet\"","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Browne, Edward B. M.","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Driving Miss Daisy (Motion picture)","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Evansville (Ind.)","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Haas family","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Haas, Hermann","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Hesse-Darmstadt (Germany)","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Hungary","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Immigrants--United States","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Jewish history","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"New England Mutual Life Insurance Company","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Nuremberg (Germany)","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Providence (R.I.)","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"rabbis","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Rabbis--Georgia--Atlanta--Anecdotes","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Rotterdam (Netherlands)","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"University of Wisconsin","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Wise, Isaac Mayer, 1819-1900","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}}],"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015#t=4999.0,5825.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015/index/48430/annotation/982","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Blumberg's family history coming to Atlanta, GA and what makes Atlanta distinct","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Title"]}}],"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015#t=5825.0,6473.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015/index/48430/annotation/983","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"BLUMBERG: . . . My grandfather [David] Goldberg . . . my mother's maiden name was ‘Goldberg’ . . . and grandfather's family moved to Macon [Georgia] in the 1840's. Their name was ‘Waxelbaum.’ He was born in Oswego, New York. His father, Simon Goldberg, died very, very young. My great-grandmother married several times and had several different families. When each husband died . . . I guess when the second husband died, and left her with these two sets of children, she moved back to be with her family in Macon, the Waxelbaums.","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Partial Transcript"]}}],"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015#t=5825.0,6473.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015/index/48430/annotation/984","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Allen, Ivan, 1877-1968","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Atlanta (Ga.)","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Atlanta (Ga.)--History","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Atlanta (Ga.)--Social life and customs","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Boston University","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Columbus (Ga.)","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Great Depression","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Jewish families--United States","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Macon (Ga.)","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"railroads","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Rich's Department Store","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Smith College","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"World War I","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}}],"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015#t=5825.0,6473.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015/index/48430/annotation/985","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Blumberg's parents","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Title"]}}],"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015#t=6473.0,7056.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015/index/48430/annotation/986","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"SCHOENBERG: . . . Now you tell me your dad was not particularly suited for business. What did he end up finally doing?\nBLUMBERG: He ended up working for his cousin. The business that he tried to go into was Clean Heat. It was a new kind . . . at that time new . . . I’m talking about when I was born in 1924. Whatever it was didn't pan out. Then he went to work for a GE [General Electric] distributor here. Later he went to Rich's in that kind of a department . . . the major appliances department.","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Partial Transcript"]}}],"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015#t=6473.0,7056.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015/index/48430/annotation/987","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Atlanta (Ga.)","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Bohemianism","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Boston (Mass.)","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Columbus (Ga.)","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"first-wave feminism","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"General Electric Company","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Georgia Federation of Women's Clubs","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"German Jews","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Great Depression","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Jewish women","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Ladies Aid Society (Columbus, Ga.)","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"music teachers","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"National Association of Women's and Children's Apparel Salesmen","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Rich's Department Store","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"traveling salesmen","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Uhry, Alfred","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"women's suffrage","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"World War II","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}}],"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015#t=6473.0,7056.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015/index/48430/annotation/988","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Blumberg's childhood experiences with music","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Title"]}}],"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015#t=7056.0,7413.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015/index/48430/annotation/989","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"BLUMBERG: . . . There is one thing I remember about my childhood that was a lot of fun and very glamorous for me at the time. It was also outside the fold. I was not really part of the Jewish crowd that I thought I was part of because of this crazy upbringing that I had. I think it was mainly because of that. Finances didn't make a difference in those days, as it does today. There were one or two other girls that I knew of in my immediate crowd whose families' finances were even worse than mine were. 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There were some Jewish women who worked in department stores. That was about the only thing . . . that and teaching school, which you did if you were not married. I can't think of any married people who did either.\nSCHOENBERG: What do you remember married ladies doing in the Twenties and Thirties?","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Partial Transcript"]}}],"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015#t=7413.0,7975.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015/index/48430/annotation/993","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Atlanta (Ga.)","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"card games","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"department stores","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"German Jews","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Hadassah, the Women's Zionist Organization of America","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Jewish women--Social life and customs--20th century","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Labor--Women","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"National Council of Jewish Women","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"only child","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Rothschild, Jacob, 1911-1973","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Sisterhoods","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}}],"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015#t=7413.0,7975.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015/index/48430/annotation/994","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Growing up with and without Jewish customs","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Title"]}}],"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015#t=7975.0,8365.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015/index/48430/annotation/995","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"SCHOENBERG: Tell me more about your mother. Obviously, she must have been . . . though she was somewhat preoccupied by her need to bring some money into the family coffers . . . Nonetheless she must have been a real pillar of the community. What was life like with her?\nBLUMBERG: Wild. She wasn't a pillar of the community. She really wasn't. When you say community you better define it . . . \nSCHOENBERG: . . . I am talking, first of all, the Jewish community.","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Partial Transcript"]}}],"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015#t=7975.0,8365.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015/index/48430/annotation/996","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Atlanta (Ga.)","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Boston (Mass.)","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Columbus (Ga.)","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"German Jews","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Jewish education","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Jews--Social life and customes","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Judaism","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"mother","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Reform Judaism","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Sisterhoods","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}}],"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015#t=7975.0,8365.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015/index/48430/annotation/997","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Blumberg's family connections to Jewish community","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Title"]}}],"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015#t=8365.0,9093.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015/index/48430/annotation/998","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"SCHOENBERG: What year did they come to Atlanta?\nBLUMBERG: In 1924, or maybe 1923. \nSCHOENBERG: Just before you were born.\nBLUMBERG: Just before I was born. Mother had these relatives . . . the Haases . . . \nSCHOENBERG: . . . the Guthmans . . . \n","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Partial Transcript"]}}],"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015#t=8365.0,9093.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015/index/48430/annotation/999","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Atlanta (Ga.)","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Haas family","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Hodgson, Hugh","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Jews--Southern States","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Kaddish","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Kaiser family","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Marx, David, 1872-1962","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Old Testament stories","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Pittsburgh (Pa.)","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Rosenfeld family","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"seder","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Shabbat","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Sunday school teachers","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Temple (Atlanta, Ga.)","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Yahrzeit","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Zionism","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}}],"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015#t=8365.0,9093.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015/index/48430/annotation/1000","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Jewish community dynamics in Atlanta","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Title"]}}],"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015#t=9093.0,9983.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015/index/48430/annotation/1001","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"SCHOENBERG: What was the distinction between the way his congregation taught and brought along the congregation, as opposed to the way Rabbi Marx taught and brought along the congregation here at the Temple? 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[Rabbi] Sam[uel] Mayerberg, were both activist rabbis.","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Partial Transcript"]}}],"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015#t=9093.0,9983.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015/index/48430/annotation/1002","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"activism and advocacy","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Ahavath Achim Synagogue (Atlanta, Ga.)","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Atlanta (Ga.)","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Classical Reform Judaism","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Frank, Leo","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"German Jews","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Immigrants--Jews--United States","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Jewish leadership","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Marx, David, 1872-1962","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Mayerberg, Samuel Spier, 1892-1964","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Pittsburgh (Pa.)","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Rodef Shalom Temple (Pittsburgh, Pa.)","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Rothschild, Jacob, 1911-1973","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Sephardim--United States","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"social justice","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Temple (Atlanta, Ga.)","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Union of American Hebrew Congregations","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Zionism","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}}],"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015#t=9093.0,9983.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015/index/48430/annotation/1003","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Temple community respond to Rabbi Rothschild's rabbinate","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Title"]}}],"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015#t=9983.0,10363.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015/index/48430/annotation/1004","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"SCHOENBERG: When did Rabbi Rothschild actually take over? 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There was a block of information concerning Janice’s mother's mother's family. That was the Weil family who came to the United States in the 1840's from Alsace and Darmstadt [Germany], correct?\nBLUMBERG: Yes, except that you missed a generation or two. \nSCHOENBERG: We went on back . . . you’re talking about going back to the 1840’s . . . \nBLUMBERG: The ones who emigrated were the great-grandparents of my mother.","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Partial Transcript"]}}],"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015#t=10363.0,10812.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45923/file/119015/index/48430/annotation/1008","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"1840s","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Atlanta (Ga.)","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Browne, \"Alphabet\"","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Browne, Edward B. 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What was it like growing up in Atlanta?\nBLUMBERG: I'm not sure that what it was like for me was what it was like for my peers. Two factors made things a little bit different for me. One was that I was an only child, without any . . . not just siblings . . . but cousins or anybody else around. 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Did she help to supplement the family income?\nBLUMBERG: When she could she did. What Mother knew how to do . . . Mother was trained as a concert pianist. She never expected to concertize. That was she knew was music. In the Depression, people couldn't really afford music lessons. Those who could already had their people. So it was a while before Mother caught on as a piano teacher. 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I went to college very young. I was 15 years old when I went to the University of Georgia [Athens, Georgia]. These were upper classmen. I think we roomed together in summer school. But they were a good bit older . . . three or four years older, which makes a difference when you're . . . \nSCHOENBERG: . . . at that age. \nBLUMBERG: Yes. 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Maybe it was that summer that I went to Mexico. I can't remember exactly. The following winter, I got a job in Washington where I stayed until the war was over. It was two different jobs. 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But this I do know. I also know that the reason that they had passed over him was in part, at least . . . there may have been some other reason . . . I haven't studied it . . . but in part, at least, because of his strong antagonism to Zionism. This was already getting to be something that people felt very positive about. Not all of them. 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