{"@context":"http://iiif.io/api/presentation/3/context.json","id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/iiif/6688g8h986/manifest","type":"Manifest","label":{"en":["Cohen, Abner"]},"logo":"https://d9jk7wjtjpu5g.cloudfront.net/organizations/logo_images/000/000/082/original/TheBreman_SecondaryMark_Horizontal_Blue_Black.png?1713640889","metadata":[{"label":{"en":["Date"]},"value":{"en":["1993-05-20 (captured)"]}},{"label":{"en":["Agent"]},"value":{"en":["Cohen, Abner (Interviewee)","Lowenstein, Bill (Interviewer)"]}},{"label":{"en":["Source"]},"value":{"en":["William Breman Jewish Heritage Museum","Esther and Herbert Taylor Oral History Collection","Jewish Oral History Project of Atlanta"]}},{"label":{"en":["Description"]},"value":{"en":["\u003cp\u003eAbner Cohen was interviewed by Bill Lowenstein on May 20, 1993, in Atlanta, Georgia. \u003c/p\u003e (general)","\u003cp\u003eAbner Louis Cohen was born in Atlanta, Georgia, in 1920. He was one of four children born to Benjamin and Rose Gross Cohen. His siblings were Bernard, Jacob Joseph, and Jean. Growing up, Abner’s family was involved with The Temple. After his father died in 1927, Abner’s mother decided to honor his father’s Orthodox upbringing by enrolling him in Hebrew school, and he was \u003cem\u003ebar mitzvahed\u003c/em\u003e. His mother raised Abner and his siblings while also managing his father’s business until she sold it in 1937. \u003c/p\u003e\r\n\u003cp\u003e \u003c/p\u003e\r\n\u003cp\u003eIn 1938, Abner graduated from Boys’ High School and went to work for his uncle’s business, Atlanta Linen Supply Company. He served in the U.S. Army during World War II. After his service, he and his two brothers started Apex Linen Services, which operated from 1948 to 1985. In 1949, Abner was encouraged to go on a blind date with New York native Theodora \"Teddy\" Schwartz. The pair hit it off and were engaged within six weeks, marrying on Thanksgiving weekend that same year at the Progressive Club. Abner and Teddy had three children, Brad, Jean, and Charles “Chuck”. Abner passed away in 2009 and is buried with Teddy, who died in 2022, at Crest Lawn Memorial Park in Atlanta. \u003c/p\u003e (bioghist)","\u003cp\u003eIn his interview, Abner discusses his upbringing in Atlanta, Georgia. He talks about his parents and siblings. He shares how his father’s death impacted his family and Jewish education. He talks about the Jewish holidays that his family celebrated, and he discusses his mother. He provides some background on his education, early career, and Army service. \u003c/p\u003e\r\n\u003cp\u003e \u003c/p\u003e\r\n\u003cp\u003eAbner shares his recollection of his neighborhood growing up, sharing that Rabbi Harry Epstein was a neighbor. He discusses his relationship with non-Jewish people growing up. He reflects on his early career during the Great Depression, going to work for his uncle’s company, Atlanta Linen Supply Company. He shares how he met his wife and talks about their children and grandchild. \u003c/p\u003e (scope content)"]}},{"label":{"en":["Rights Statement"]},"value":{"en":["\u003cp\u003eAll rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, recorded by any information storage and retrieval system, without the express written consent of the William Breman Jewish Heritage Museum.\u003c/p\u003e"]}},{"label":{"en":["Subject"]},"value":{"en":["Cohen, Benjamin (1886-1927) (personal name)","Cohen, Bernard Robert (1918-1967) (personal name)","Cohen, Brad (personal name)","Cohen, Charles \"Chuck\" (personal name)","Cohen, Jacob Joseph (1922-1986) (personal name)","Cohen, Jean (1923-1930) (personal name)","Cohen, Jordan (personal name)","Cohen, Judi (personal name)","Cohen, Rose Gross (1891-1969) (personal name)","Cohen, Theodora \"Teddy\" Schwartz (1927-2022) (personal name)","Epstein, Rabbi Harry Hyman (1903-2003) (personal name)","Gross, Alvin (1919-1987) (personal name)","Gross, Herman (1892-1955) (personal name)","Lowenstein, William \"Bill\" Maxwell (1920-2015) (personal name)","Marx, Rabbi Dr. David (1872-1962) (personal name)","Stern, Marjorie “Margie” Gross (1923-1986) (personal name)","Ahavath Achim Synagogue (corporate name)","American Jewish Committee (AJC) (corporate name)","Apex Linen Services (corporate name)","Atlanta Linen Supply Company (corporate name)","Boys’ High School (corporate name)","James L. Key Grammar School (corporate name)","Jewish Federation of Greater Atlanta (corporate name)","National Council of Jewish Women (corporate name)","National Linen Service (corporate name)","National Services (corporate name)","Progressive Club (corporate name)","The Temple (corporate name)","William Breman Jewish Heritage Museum (corporate name)","Atlanta, Georgia (geographic term)","Fort Wayne, Indiana (geographic term)","New York City, New York (geographic term)","Poland (geographic term)","Portland, Oregon (geographic term)","South Atlanta (geographic term)","The Great Depression (named event)","World War II (named event)","Bar mitzvah (other)","Cheder (other)","Hebrew school (other)","Orthodox Judaism (other)","Passover (other)","Reform Judaism (other)","Rosh Hashanah (other)","Shabbat (other)","Yom Kippur (other)"]}}],"summary":{"en":["\u003cp\u003eAbner Cohen was interviewed by Bill Lowenstein on May 20, 1993, in Atlanta, Georgia.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eAbner Louis Cohen was born in Atlanta, Georgia, in 1920. He was one of four children born to Benjamin and Rose Gross Cohen. His siblings were Bernard, Jacob Joseph, and Jean. Growing up, Abner\u0026rsquo;s family was involved with The Temple. After his father died in 1927, Abner\u0026rsquo;s mother decided to honor his father\u0026rsquo;s Orthodox upbringing by enrolling him in Hebrew school, and he was \u003cem\u003ebar mitzvahed\u003c/em\u003e. His mother raised Abner and his siblings while also managing his father\u0026rsquo;s business until she sold it in 1937.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\u003cp\u003eIn 1938, Abner graduated from Boys\u0026rsquo; High School and went to work for his uncle\u0026rsquo;s business, Atlanta Linen Supply Company. He served in the U.S. Army during World War II. After his service, he and his two brothers started Apex Linen Services, which operated from 1948 to 1985. In 1949, Abner was encouraged to go on a blind date with New York native Theodora \"Teddy\" Schwartz. The pair hit it off and were engaged within six weeks, marrying on Thanksgiving weekend that same year at the Progressive Club. Abner and Teddy had three children, Brad, Jean, and Charles \u0026ldquo;Chuck\u0026rdquo;. Abner passed away in 2009 and is buried with Teddy, who died in 2022, at Crest Lawn Memorial Park in Atlanta.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIn his interview, Abner discusses his upbringing in Atlanta, Georgia. He talks about his parents and siblings. He shares how his father\u0026rsquo;s death impacted his family and Jewish education. He talks about the Jewish holidays that his family celebrated, and he discusses his mother. He provides some background on his education, early career, and Army service.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\u003cp\u003eAbner shares his recollection of his neighborhood growing up, sharing that Rabbi Harry Epstein was a neighbor. He discusses his relationship with non-Jewish people growing up. He reflects on his early career during the Great Depression, going to work for his uncle\u0026rsquo;s company, Atlanta Linen Supply Company. He shares how he met his wife and talks about their children and grandchild.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e"]},"requiredStatement":{"label":{"en":["Attribution"]},"value":{"en":["\u003cp\u003eAll rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, recorded by any information storage and retrieval system, without the express written consent of the William Breman Jewish Heritage Museum.\u003c/p\u003e"]}},"provider":[{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/aboutus","type":"Agent","label":{"en":["William Breman Jewish Heritage Museum"]},"homepage":[{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/","type":"Text","label":{"en":["William Breman Jewish Heritage Museum"]},"format":"text/html"}],"logo":[{"id":"https://d9jk7wjtjpu5g.cloudfront.net/organizations/logo_images/000/000/082/original/TheBreman_SecondaryMark_Horizontal_Blue_Black.png?1713640889","type":"Image"}]}],"thumbnail":[{"id":"https://d9jk7wjtjpu5g.cloudfront.net/public/images/audio-default.png","type":"Image","format":"image/png"}],"items":[{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/150189/file/276385","type":"Canvas","label":{"en":["Media File 1 of 1 - Cohen__Abner_T1_S1.mp3"]},"duration":830.98122,"width":640,"height":360,"thumbnail":[{"id":"https://d9jk7wjtjpu5g.cloudfront.net/public/images/audio-default.png","type":"Image","format":"image/png"}],"items":[{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/150189/file/276385/content/1","type":"AnnotationPage","items":[{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/150189/file/276385/content/1/annotation/1","type":"Annotation","motivation":"painting","body":{"id":"https://aviary-p-thebreman.s3.wasabisys.com/collection_resource_files/resource_files/000/276/385/original/Cohen__Abner_T1_S1.mp3?1749148540","type":"Audio","format":"audio/mpeg","duration":830.98122,"width":640,"height":360},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/150189/file/276385","metadata":[]}]}],"annotations":[{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/150189/file/276385/transcript/80920","type":"AnnotationPage","label":{"en":["Cohen, Abner [Transcript]"]},"items":[{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/150189/file/276385/transcript/80920/annotation/1","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eLOWENSTEIN:\u003c/strong\u003e . . . May the 20th, 1933. My name is Bill Lowenstein.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/150189/file/276385#t=3.0,9.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/150189/file/276385/transcript/80920/annotation/2","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eCOHEN:\u003c/strong\u003e 1933?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/150189/file/276385#t=9.0,11.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/150189/file/276385/transcript/80920/annotation/3","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eLOWENSTEIN:\u003c/strong\u003e Did I say 1933?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/150189/file/276385#t=11.0,12.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/150189/file/276385/transcript/80920/annotation/4","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eCOHEN:\u003c/strong\u003e I'm almost sure you did.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/150189/file/276385#t=12.0,14.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/150189/file/276385/transcript/80920/annotation/5","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eLOWENSTEIN:\u003c/strong\u003e 1993. My name is Bill Lowenstein. I'm a native Atlantan and I'm interviewing Mr. Abner Cohen, who's also a native Atlantan. This is done for the Jewish Oral History [Project] of Atlanta, and it's sponsored by the Atlanta Jewish Federation, the Atlanta Jewish Committee, and the National Council of Jewish Women. I said before, Mr. Abner Cohen is a person that I have known for some time, a good friend of mine, and he is a native of Atlanta. We need to find out a little bit about Mr. Cohen and his background and so forth. The first question I'm going to ask you, and I'll call you Abner since we're good friends . . .","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/150189/file/276385#t=14.0,74.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/150189/file/276385/transcript/80920/annotation/6","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eCOHEN:\u003c/strong\u003e I think that'll be okay, Bill.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/150189/file/276385#t=74.0,79.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/150189/file/276385/transcript/80920/annotation/7","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eLOWENSTEIN:\u003c/strong\u003e I want to know when and where you were born.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/150189/file/276385#t=79.0,82.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/150189/file/276385/transcript/80920/annotation/8","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eCOHEN:\u003c/strong\u003e Bill, I was born in Atlanta, Georgia, on the south side on Pryor Street, which was right opposite the Jewish Progressive Club on January 20, 1920. I was born at my house. My mother and father was there at the present, at my birth.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/150189/file/276385#t=82.0,100.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/150189/file/276385/transcript/80920/annotation/9","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eLOWENSTEIN:\u003c/strong\u003e Good. Abner, could you tell me when and where your parents were born?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/150189/file/276385#t=100.0,108.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/150189/file/276385/transcript/80920/annotation/10","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eCOHEN:\u003c/strong\u003e My mother was born in Atlanta on Cortland Street in 1891 and my father was born in Poland approximately about 1886.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/150189/file/276385#t=108.0,124.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/150189/file/276385/transcript/80920/annotation/11","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eLOWENSTEIN:\u003c/strong\u003e Third thing I'm going to ask you is how many children in your family?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/150189/file/276385#t=124.0,130.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/150189/file/276385/transcript/80920/annotation/12","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eCOHEN:\u003c/strong\u003e Originally, I had two brothers, Bernard, who's deceased, and J. Joseph, who is also deceased, and a sister Jean, who died in early time in 1929.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/150189/file/276385#t=130.0,148.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/150189/file/276385/transcript/80920/annotation/13","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eLOWENSTEIN:\u003c/strong\u003e You give me all your brothers and sisters . . . Tell me, Abner, what is your earliest memory?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/150189/file/276385#t=148.0,158.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/150189/file/276385/transcript/80920/annotation/14","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eCOHEN:\u003c/strong\u003e I would say, Bill, the thing that sticks in my mind in 1927, unfortunately, my father had an accidental death at the time. I was in my seventh year, I was seven years old, and it was a very unhappy occasion, naturally, and I guess it stuck in my mind throughout my life.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/150189/file/276385#t=158.0,179.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/150189/file/276385/transcript/80920/annotation/15","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eLOWENSTEIN:\u003c/strong\u003e Is that right? Incidentally, I had a similar experience when I was 12. Did you receive religious training as a child?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/150189/file/276385#t=179.0,190.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/150189/file/276385/transcript/80920/annotation/16","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eCOHEN:\u003c/strong\u003e I would say I had somewhat of a religious training, Bill. I started off by going to The Temple on Pryor Street under Rabbi David Marx, and was going there at the time, the year that my father was killed. I continued at The Temple for several years, but for some reason my mother's family coming from the Orthodox side of the . . . pardon me, my father's family coming from the Orthodox side of our religion, we gravitated to the synagogue. I took a small course, I guess right before being by bar mitzvahed in order to learn enough in order be bar mitzvahed.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/150189/file/276385#t=190.0,240.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/150189/file/276385/transcript/80920/annotation/17","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eLOWENSTEIN:\u003c/strong\u003e How was the Sabbath observed in your home?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/150189/file/276385#t=240.0,245.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/150189/file/276385/transcript/80920/annotation/18","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eCOHEN:\u003c/strong\u003e Being the fact that my mother had come out of a Reform type of Jewish family, I would say we didn't readily observe the Sabbath. At times when my grandmother, my mother's mother, would come to the house, then we would light the candles.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/150189/file/276385#t=245.0,268.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/150189/file/276385/transcript/80920/annotation/19","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eLOWENSTEIN:\u003c/strong\u003e How did you celebrate the holidays?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/150189/file/276385#t=268.0,272.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/150189/file/276385/transcript/80920/annotation/20","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eCOHEN:\u003c/strong\u003e I would say the major holidays such as Passover and Rosh HaShanah and Yom Kippur basically were the only holidays that we observed.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/150189/file/276385#t=272.0,282.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/150189/file/276385/transcript/80920/annotation/21","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eLOWENSTEIN:\u003c/strong\u003e I see.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/150189/file/276385#t=282.0,284.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/150189/file/276385/transcript/80920/annotation/22","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eCOHEN:\u003c/strong\u003e To really tell you one thing, I say we came from a family that knew that we were Jews and observed the Jewish holidays, a few of the major ones, but not really a religious family upbringing.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/150189/file/276385#t=284.0,297.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/150189/file/276385/transcript/80920/annotation/23","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eLOWENSTEIN:\u003c/strong\u003e You did say that you were bar mitzvahed though.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/150189/file/276385#t=297.0,299.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/150189/file/276385/transcript/80920/annotation/24","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eCOHEN:\u003c/strong\u003e My mother, in respect to my deceased father, wanted me to be bar mitzvahed.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/150189/file/276385#t=299.0,307.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/150189/file/276385/transcript/80920/annotation/25","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eLOWENSTEIN:\u003c/strong\u003e Let me ask you this, what was your father's profession of business?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/150189/file/276385#t=307.0,312.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/150189/file/276385/transcript/80920/annotation/26","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eCOHEN:\u003c/strong\u003e My father was a merchant and a pawnbroker for many years.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/150189/file/276385#t=312.0,317.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/150189/file/276385/transcript/80920/annotation/27","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eLOWENSTEIN:\u003c/strong\u003e In Atlanta?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/150189/file/276385#t=317.0,318.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/150189/file/276385/transcript/80920/annotation/28","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eCOHEN:\u003c/strong\u003e In Atlanta.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/150189/file/276385#t=318.0,321.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/150189/file/276385/transcript/80920/annotation/29","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eLOWENSTEIN:\u003c/strong\u003e Your mother was a what?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/150189/file/276385#t=321.0,326.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/150189/file/276385/transcript/80920/annotation/30","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eCOHEN:\u003c/strong\u003e She was a mother of four kids, and as we used to call her the queen, because she never had worked until the unfortunate death of my father, and from that time on she took over my father's business.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/150189/file/276385#t=326.0,341.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/150189/file/276385/transcript/80920/annotation/31","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eLOWENSTEIN:\u003c/strong\u003e That's interesting, so she ended up a businesswoman?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/150189/file/276385#t=341.0,345.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/150189/file/276385/transcript/80920/annotation/32","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eCOHEN:\u003c/strong\u003e She kept the business until about 1937, which was about ten years, yes.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/150189/file/276385#t=345.0,352.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/150189/file/276385/transcript/80920/annotation/33","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eLOWENSTEIN:\u003c/strong\u003e At that time, you must have been about 17 years old.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/150189/file/276385#t=352.0,355.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/150189/file/276385/transcript/80920/annotation/34","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eCOHEN:\u003c/strong\u003e Your calculations are right, Bill.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/150189/file/276385#t=355.0,361.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/150189/file/276385/transcript/80920/annotation/35","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eLOWENSTEIN:\u003c/strong\u003e What were your early ambitions for career or your life's work?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/150189/file/276385#t=361.0,367.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/150189/file/276385/transcript/80920/annotation/36","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eCOHEN:\u003c/strong\u003e I guess coming up through school and everything, I wanted to be an architect but during the 1930's, I realized that my mother's reversal and her business enterprises did not do so well, and I didn't have the opportunity to go to college. Therefore, I had to go work.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/150189/file/276385#t=367.0,389.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/150189/file/276385/transcript/80920/annotation/37","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eLOWENSTEIN:\u003c/strong\u003e Did you attend . . . I'm sorry, but I'm a little nonplussed. Can you pronounce that word for me?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/150189/file/276385#t=389.0,400.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/150189/file/276385/transcript/80920/annotation/38","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eCOHEN:\u003c/strong\u003e Cheder. As I said a few minutes ago, I went to Hebrew school, which is cheder, in order to get enough training to be bar mitzvahed.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/150189/file/276385#t=400.0,410.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/150189/file/276385/transcript/80920/annotation/39","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eLOWENSTEIN:\u003c/strong\u003e What about public schools?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/150189/file/276385#t=410.0,413.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/150189/file/276385/transcript/80920/annotation/40","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eCOHEN:\u003c/strong\u003e I finished Boys’ High School in 1938.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/150189/file/276385#t=413.0,418.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/150189/file/276385/transcript/80920/annotation/41","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eLOWENSTEIN:\u003c/strong\u003e The age of 18?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/150189/file/276385#t=418.0,419.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/150189/file/276385/transcript/80920/annotation/42","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eCOHEN:\u003c/strong\u003e Eighteen. You're doing well, Bill.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/150189/file/276385#t=419.0,425.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/150189/file/276385/transcript/80920/annotation/43","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eLOWENSTEIN:\u003c/strong\u003e We're getting into another little area here, let's talk about the service. You were in World War II, I presume?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/150189/file/276385#t=425.0,437.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/150189/file/276385/transcript/80920/annotation/44","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eCOHEN:\u003c/strong\u003e Absolutely. I was a peacetime draftee in November 1941. Of course, I was inducted for a year and a day but unfortunately, when the war broke out on December 7, 1941, I didn't get back home until 1945.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/150189/file/276385#t=437.0,461.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/150189/file/276385/transcript/80920/annotation/45","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eLOWENSTEIN:\u003c/strong\u003e Let's see some other things here, what was your neighborhood like when you were growing up, Abner?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/150189/file/276385#t=461.0,471.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/150189/file/276385/transcript/80920/annotation/46","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eCOHEN:\u003c/strong\u003e In 1928, the Rabbi [Harry] Epstein came to our city, and he moved across the street, and one reason for possibly, it was close to the synagogue, and it was also a very much, almost a concentrated Jewish neighborhood. We lived on one side of the street and maybe it was three or four Jewish families on that side, but on the other side of the street, on Washington Street and Washington Terrace, that was called the Jewish neighborhood of Atlanta, the south side part of Atlanta.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/150189/file/276385#t=471.0,510.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/150189/file/276385/transcript/80920/annotation/47","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eLOWENSTEIN:\u003c/strong\u003e There were other Gentile families and so forth, but there was very little mixing, is that correct? That's a yes or no question, but can you expand on that a little bit?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/150189/file/276385#t=510.0,524.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/150189/file/276385/transcript/80920/annotation/48","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eCOHEN:\u003c/strong\u003e I think I can. I would say that basically the Jewish boys, playing our games and going to school, all stuck very close together. There was a few Gentiles around, but there was not really any action between the two different groups.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/150189/file/276385#t=524.0,544.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/150189/file/276385/transcript/80920/annotation/49","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eLOWENSTEIN:\u003c/strong\u003e Do you remember the first day of school? Am I going back too far?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/150189/file/276385#t=544.0,555.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/150189/file/276385/transcript/80920/annotation/50","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eCOHEN:\u003c/strong\u003e No, not too far. We walked to school. We went to James L. Key Grammar School that was well represented with the Jewish people there. I guess I felt the same as most kids going to school for the first time. But I had no feeling of being uncomfortable because of being Jewish at all.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/150189/file/276385#t=555.0,578.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/150189/file/276385/transcript/80920/annotation/51","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eLOWENSTEIN:\u003c/strong\u003e What did you read? Do you remember that?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/150189/file/276385#t=578.0,585.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/150189/file/276385/transcript/80920/annotation/52","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eCOHEN:\u003c/strong\u003e No, I don't remember exactly the books. I can recall some of the teachers I had, I still remember their names, but as far as what we read, I don't remember the books and such.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/150189/file/276385#t=585.0,596.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/150189/file/276385/transcript/80920/annotation/53","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eLOWENSTEIN:\u003c/strong\u003e What do you remember about your first job?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/150189/file/276385#t=596.0,602.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/150189/file/276385/transcript/80920/annotation/54","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eCOHEN:\u003c/strong\u003e The first full-time job I had was working for Atlanta Linen Supply Company. Of course, this was in 1938, and things were not too easy to get a job. I had tried to get some type of work outside of asking my uncle, who was at that time manager of the Atlanta Linen Supply. I hesitated very much, I didn't want to do that, but after looking for work for several weeks, I decided I had to go to work to make some money. I was given a very menial job working at Atlanta Linen Supply, which I did continue to work there until 1941 when I was inducted in the Army.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/150189/file/276385#t=602.0,645.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/150189/file/276385/transcript/80920/annotation/55","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eLOWENSTEIN:\u003c/strong\u003e Who was your uncle that you referred to?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/150189/file/276385#t=645.0,647.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/150189/file/276385/transcript/80920/annotation/56","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eCOHEN:\u003c/strong\u003e We're talking about Herman Gross, and Herman Gross was my mother's brother, and he was one of the original founders of National Linen Service, which is now known as National Services.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/150189/file/276385#t=647.0,664.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/150189/file/276385/transcript/80920/annotation/57","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eLOWENSTEIN:\u003c/strong\u003e He had a couple of children, didn't he?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/150189/file/276385#t=664.0,667.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/150189/file/276385/transcript/80920/annotation/58","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eCOHEN:\u003c/strong\u003e Yes, Alvin Gross was known in the city, and also Margie Gross.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/150189/file/276385#t=667.0,676.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/150189/file/276385/transcript/80920/annotation/59","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eLOWENSTEIN:\u003c/strong\u003e You've already told me how you chose your work, so we won't dwell on that. Let's skip up a little bit and talk about your lovely wife and memories of your wedding and so forth. How'd you meet her?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/150189/file/276385#t=676.0,701.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/150189/file/276385/transcript/80920/annotation/60","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eCOHEN:\u003c/strong\u003e I'd be glad to, Bill. This goes to 1949, which at the time, my two brothers, Bernard and Joe, had already married. We had just started in business for ourselves under the name Apex Linen Services. Bernard and Joe both had been married about a year and a half or two years. This was 1949, and I was working hard and dating quite a few different people, but someone asked me to date this young lady who had moved to the city from up in New York City, and I gave in. It seemed that it didn't take long after meeting her in July of 1949 on a blind date, and we seemed to hit it off pretty well, because in November 27, 1949, we got married. That's about five months.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/150189/file/276385#t=701.0,757.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/150189/file/276385/transcript/80920/annotation/61","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eLOWENSTEIN:\u003c/strong\u003e That's a long marriage.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/150189/file/276385#t=757.0,760.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/150189/file/276385/transcript/80920/annotation/62","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eCOHEN:\u003c/strong\u003e We've been married 44 years this year.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/150189/file/276385#t=760.0,763.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/150189/file/276385/transcript/80920/annotation/63","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eLOWENSTEIN:\u003c/strong\u003e That's wonderful. How many children do you have?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/150189/file/276385#t=763.0,768.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/150189/file/276385/transcript/80920/annotation/64","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eCOHEN:\u003c/strong\u003e I have two boys, Brad Cohen who lives here in this city as an attorney, and Charles Cohen lives in Portland, Oregon as an architect, and my little daughter Jean Cohen lives in Fort Wayne, Indiana.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/150189/file/276385#t=768.0,786.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/150189/file/276385/transcript/80920/annotation/65","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eLOWENSTEIN:\u003c/strong\u003e Are you a grandparent?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/150189/file/276385#t=786.0,790.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/150189/file/276385/transcript/80920/annotation/66","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eCOHEN:\u003c/strong\u003e Yes, we have one grandchild named Jordan Cohen, Brad married Judi Moore Cohen, and therefore that's the only grandchild we have at present time.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/150189/file/276385#t=790.0,804.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/150189/file/276385/transcript/80920/annotation/67","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eLOWENSTEIN:\u003c/strong\u003e How many are there in total, or just one?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/150189/file/276385#t=804.0,808.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/150189/file/276385/transcript/80920/annotation/68","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eCOHEN:\u003c/strong\u003e One grandchild.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/150189/file/276385#t=808.0,816.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/150189/file/276385/transcript/80920/annotation/69","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eLOWENSTEIN:\u003c/strong\u003e You mentioned Apex Linen, and I know that . . . let's pause for just a moment here . . .","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/150189/file/276385#t=816.0,827.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/150189/file/276385/transcript/80920/annotation/70","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eCOHEN:\u003c/strong\u003e Off the record.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/150189/file/276385#t=827.0,828.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/150189/file/276385/transcript/80920/annotation/71","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eLOWENSTEIN:\u003c/strong\u003e Off the record.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/150189/file/276385#t=828.0,830.98122"}]},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/150189/file/276385/annotation_set/1911","type":"AnnotationPage","label":{"en":["Annotations [Transcript]"]},"items":[{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/150189/file/276385/annotation_set/1911/annotation/72","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eWilliam \"Bill\" Maxwell Lowenstein (1920-2015) was born in Atlanta, Georgia to Max Meyer and Helen Elizabeth Wolf Lowenstein. He graduated from the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill. He entered the armed forces and served during World War II. He worked in the printing industry and later in his life in the real estate industry. He and his wife Suzanne \"Suzie\" had two daughters, Linda and Melanie. \u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/150189/file/276385#t=14.0,74.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/150189/file/276385/annotation_set/1911/annotation/73","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eJewish Federation of Greater Atlanta is a regional branch of Jewish Federations of North America. It is an organization that focuses on serving the Atlanta Jewish community through philanthropic endeavors such as supporting infrastructure, including schools and synagogues. Federation supports the Jewish community but also welcomes people of various backgrounds, including interfaith, LGBT+, and multiracial people and families.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/150189/file/276385#t=14.0,74.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/150189/file/276385/annotation_set/1911/annotation/74","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe American Jewish Committee (AJC) was founded in 1906 to safeguard the welfare and security of Jews worldwide. It is one of the oldest Jewish advocacy organizations in the United States.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/150189/file/276385#t=14.0,74.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/150189/file/276385/annotation_set/1911/annotation/75","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe National Council of Jewish Women is an organization of volunteers and advocates, founded in the 1890's, who turn progressive ideals in advocacy and philanthropy inspired by Jewish values. They strive to improve the quality of life for women, children and families.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/150189/file/276385#t=14.0,74.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/150189/file/276385/annotation_set/1911/annotation/76","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe Progressive Club was a Jewish social organization in Atlanta, Georgia. It was established in 1913 by Russian Jews who felt unwelcome at the Standard Club, where German Jews were predominant. At first the club was located in a rented house until a new club was built on Pryor Street including a swimming pool and a gym. In 1940 the club opened a larger facility at 1050 Techwood Drive in Midtown with three swimming pools, tennis, and softball. In 1976 the club moved north to 1160 Moore’s Mill Road near Interstate 75. The property was eventually sold to the YMCA as the club faced financial challenges. The Carl E. Sanders Family YMCA at Buckhead, which stands on the former site of the Progressive Club, opened in 1996.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/150189/file/276385#t=82.0,100.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/150189/file/276385/annotation_set/1911/annotation/77","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eBernard Robert Cohen (1918-1967) was born in Atlanta to Benjamin Cohen and Rose Gross Cohen. He attended Boys’ High School and Georgia State College. He was a veteran of World War II. He was a past president of the Southeastern Linen Supply Association and president of Apex Linen Supply Company. He was a member of The Temple, B'nai Brith, the Standard Club and Fulton Lodge. In 1961, he married Shirley Goldblatt Rosen, and they had four children, Steven, Arthur, Katie, Beth, and a stepdaughter, Kathy Ann Rosen. \u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/150189/file/276385#t=130.0,148.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/150189/file/276385/annotation_set/1911/annotation/78","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eJacob Joseph Cohen (1922-1986) was born in Atlanta to Benjamin Cohen and Rose Gross Cohen. He attended Boys’ High School and Emory University. He served in the Pacific during World War II as a psychologist for soldiers. He served as an officer at The Temple, past chairman of Jewish Family Services, and was on the board of directors of the Atlanta Jewish Federation, Jewish Vocational Services, Jewish Home, and Atlanta Jewish Community Center. He and his brothers founded Apex Linen Supply Company in 1946 and sold the company in 1985. He married Betty Auerbach in 1947, and they had four children, Brent, John, Jay, and David.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/150189/file/276385#t=130.0,148.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/150189/file/276385/annotation_set/1911/annotation/79","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eJean Cohen (1923-1930) was born in Atlanta to Benjamin Cohen and Rose Gross Cohen. She passed away when she was six years old in 1930. \u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/150189/file/276385#t=130.0,148.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/150189/file/276385/annotation_set/1911/annotation/80","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe Temple, or “Hebrew Benevolent Congregation,” is Atlanta’s oldest Jewish congregation. The cornerstone was laid on the Temple on Garnett Street in 1875. The dedication was held in 1877 and the Temple was located there until 1902. The Temple’s next location on Pryor Street was dedicated in 1902. The Temple’s current location in Midtown on Peachtree Street was dedicated in 1931. The main sanctuary is on the National Register of Historic Places. The Reform congregation now totals approximately 1500 families. As of 2022, its Senior Rabbi is Peter S. Berg.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/150189/file/276385#t=190.0,240.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/150189/file/276385/annotation_set/1911/annotation/81","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eRabbi Dr. David Marx (1872-1962) was a long-time rabbi at the Temple in Atlanta, Georgia. A native of New Orleans, he led the congregation’s move toward the practices of Reform Judaism. He served as rabbi from 1895 to 1946. When he retired, Rabbi Jacob Rothschild took the pulpit that Rabbi Marx had held for more than half a century.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/150189/file/276385#t=190.0,240.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/150189/file/276385/annotation_set/1911/annotation/82","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eOrthodox Judaism is a traditional branch of Judaism that strictly follows the written \u003cem\u003eTorah\u003c/em\u003e and the oral law concerning prayer, dress, food, sex, family relations, social behavior, the Sabbath day, holidays, and more.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/150189/file/276385#t=190.0,240.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/150189/file/276385/annotation_set/1911/annotation/83","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eA \u003cem\u003ebar mitzvah\u003c/em\u003e [Hebrew: son of commandments; plural: \u003cem\u003eb’nai mitzva\u003c/em\u003eh] is a rite of passage for Jewish boys aged 13 years and one day. At that time, a Jewish boy is considered a responsible adult for most religious purposes. He is now duty-bound to keep the commandments, he puts on \u003cem\u003etefillin\u003c/em\u003e, and may be counted to the \u003cem\u003eminyan\u003c/em\u003e quorum for public worship. He celebrates the \u003cem\u003ebar mitzvah\u003c/em\u003e by being called up to the reading of the \u003cem\u003eTorah\u003c/em\u003e in the synagogue, usually on the next available Sabbath after his Hebrew birthday.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/150189/file/276385#t=190.0,240.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/150189/file/276385/annotation_set/1911/annotation/84","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eShabbat\u003c/em\u003e (Hebrew) or \u003cem\u003eShabbos/Shabbes\u003c/em\u003e (Yiddish) is the Jewish Sabbath and is observed on Saturdays. \u003cem\u003eShabbat\u003c/em\u003e observance entails refraining from work activities and engaging in restful activities to honor the day. \u003cem\u003eShabbat\u003c/em\u003e begins at sundown on Friday night and is ushered in by lighting candles and reciting a blessing. It is closed the following evening with the recitation of the \u003cem\u003ehavdalah\u003c/em\u003e blessing.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/150189/file/276385#t=240.0,245.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/150189/file/276385/annotation_set/1911/annotation/85","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eReform Judaism is a division within Judaism, especially in North America and the United Kingdom. Historically it began in the 19th century. In general, the Reform movement maintains that Judaism and Jewish traditions should be modernized and compatible with participation in Western culture. While the \u003cem\u003eTorah\u003c/em\u003e remains the law, in Reform Judaism women are included (mixed seating, \u003cem\u003ebat mitzvah\u003c/em\u003e, and women rabbis), instrumental music is allowed in the services, and most of the service is in the local language as opposed to Hebrew.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/150189/file/276385#t=245.0,268.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/150189/file/276385/annotation_set/1911/annotation/86","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003ePesach\u003c/em\u003e [Hebrew: Passover] is the celebration of Israel’s liberation from Egyptian bondage. The holiday lasts for eight days. Unleavened bread, \u003cem\u003ematzo\u003c/em\u003e, is eaten in memory of the unleavened bread prepared by the Israelites during their hasty flight from Egypt, when they had not time to wait for the dough to rise. On the first two nights of Passover, the \u003cem\u003eseder\u003c/em\u003e, the central event of the holiday, is celebrated.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/150189/file/276385#t=272.0,282.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/150189/file/276385/annotation_set/1911/annotation/87","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eRosh HaShanah\u003c/em\u003e [Hebrew: head of the year] begins the cycle of High Holy Days. It introduces the Ten Days of Penitence, when Jews examine their souls and take stock of their actions. On the tenth day is \u003cem\u003eYom Kippur\u003c/em\u003e, the Day of Atonement. The tradition is that on \u003cem\u003eRosh HaShanah\u003c/em\u003e, G-d sits in judgment on humanity. Then the fate of every living creature is inscribed in the Book of Life or the Book of Death. Prayer and repentance before the sealing of the books on \u003cem\u003eYom Kippur\u003c/em\u003e may revoke these decisions.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/150189/file/276385#t=272.0,282.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/150189/file/276385/annotation_set/1911/annotation/88","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eYom Kippur\u003c/em\u003e [Hebrew: “day of atonement”] The most sacred day of the Jewish year. \u003cem\u003eYom Kippur\u003c/em\u003e is a 25-hour fast day. Most of the day is spent in prayer, reciting \u003cem\u003eyizkor\u003c/em\u003e for deceased relatives, confessing sins, requesting divine forgiveness, and listening to \u003cem\u003eTorah\u003c/em\u003e readings and sermons. People greet each other with the wish that they may be sealed in the heavenly book for a good year ahead. The day ends with the blowing of the \u003cem\u003eshofar\u003c/em\u003e (a ram’s horn).\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/150189/file/276385#t=272.0,282.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/150189/file/276385/annotation_set/1911/annotation/89","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eA \u003cem\u003echeder\u003c/em\u003e is a traditional elementary school teaching the basics of Judaism and the Hebrew language.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/150189/file/276385#t=400.0,410.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/150189/file/276385/annotation_set/1911/annotation/90","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eBoys’ High School was founded in 1924. It later merged with Tech High and became coeducational and became known as Henry W. Grady High School. It is part of the Atlanta Public School System. It has had many notable alumni, including S. Truett Cathy, the founder of Chick-fil-A. It is located in Midtown Atlanta. In 2020, the Atlanta School Board voted to rename the school “Midtown High School” beginning in the 2021-2022 school year.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/150189/file/276385#t=413.0,418.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/150189/file/276385/annotation_set/1911/annotation/91","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eWorld War II (abbreviated WWII or WW2) was a global war involving fighting in most of the world and most countries. Most countries fought in the years 1939–1945 but some started fighting in 1937. Most of the world's countries, including all the great powers, fought as part of two military alliances: the Allies and the Axis Powers. World War II was the largest and deadliest conflict in all of history. It involved more countries, cost more money, involved more people, and killed more people than any other war in history. Between 50 to 85 million people died. The majority were civilians. It included massacres, the deliberate genocide of the Holocaust, strategic bombing, starvation, disease, and the only use of nuclear weapons against civilians in history.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/150189/file/276385#t=425.0,437.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/150189/file/276385/annotation_set/1911/annotation/92","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eRabbi Harry Hyman Epstein (1903-2003) served as rabbi of Ahavath Achim Synagogue in Atlanta, Georgia from 1928 to 1982, when he became rabbi emeritus. Under Rabbi Epstein, the formerly Orthodox congregation began to shift to Conservative Judaism, and officially joined the United Synagogue of America (now the United Synagogue of Conservative Judaism), in 1952.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/150189/file/276385#t=471.0,510.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/150189/file/276385/annotation_set/1911/annotation/93","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eJames L. Key Elementary School was located at Ormond Street and Capital Avenue in Atlanta, Georgia and was in existence from at least the 1940's through the 1960's.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/150189/file/276385#t=555.0,578.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/150189/file/276385/annotation_set/1911/annotation/94","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eSee annotation for National Service Industries.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/150189/file/276385#t=602.0,645.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/150189/file/276385/annotation_set/1911/annotation/95","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eHerman Gross (1892-1955) was born in Atlanta to Joseph and Katie Gross. He was the founder and president of Atlanta Linen Supply Company. He married Jessie Lackner in 1917, and they had four children, Alvin and Majorie, two of their children died in infancy.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/150189/file/276385#t=647.0,664.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/150189/file/276385/annotation_set/1911/annotation/96","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eNational Service Industries, Inc. was founded in 1962 with the merger of two established Atlanta companies, National Linen Service and ZEP Manufacturing Company. National Linen Service began as the Atlanta Linen Supply Company, founded in 1919. ZEP Manufacturing Company, which manufactures industrial cleaning products, was founded in 1937.  \u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/150189/file/276385#t=647.0,664.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/150189/file/276385/annotation_set/1911/annotation/97","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eAlvin Gross (1919-1987) was born in Atlanta to Herman and Jessie Gross. He was Chairman of the Board of Mercury Services Inc., past President and Campaign Chairman of the Jewish Federation of Greater Lauderdale, past President of Textile Rental Services of America, and Financial Secretary of the Ft. Lauderdale Chapter of the American Heart Association. He married Evelyn Garber in 1949, and they had three children, David, Mark, and Cathy.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/150189/file/276385#t=667.0,676.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/150189/file/276385/annotation_set/1911/annotation/98","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eMarjorie “Margie” Gross Stern (1923-1986) was born in Atlanta to Herman and Jessie Gross. She graduated from Washington Seminary in Atlanta and Sullins College in Bristol, Virginia. She married Samuel Stern, and they had two daughters, Julia and Helen. \u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/150189/file/276385#t=667.0,676.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/150189/file/276385/annotation_set/1911/annotation/99","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eApex Linen Supply Company was founded in 1946 by brothers Abner, Bernard, and J. Joseph Cohen. The brothers operated the business until 1985 when they sold it. \u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/150189/file/276385#t=701.0,757.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/150189/file/276385/annotation_set/1911/annotation/100","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003ePortland is the most populous city in Oregon, located in the Pacific Northwest region. At the turn of the 20th century, the city had a reputation as one of the most dangerous port cities in the world, and was a hub for organized crime and racketeering; this reputation dissipated after its economy experienced an industrial boom during World War II, and it became known for its growing liberal and progressive political values from the 1960s onwards, earning it a reputation as a bastion of counterculture exemplified by the popular slogan \"Keep Portland Weird\".\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/150189/file/276385#t=768.0,786.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/150189/file/276385/annotation_set/1911/annotation/101","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eFort Wayne is a city in Allen County, Indiana, and its county seat. Fort Wayne was built in 1794 by the United States Army under the direction of American Revolutionary War General Anthony Wayne. Once a booming manufacturing town located in what became known as the Rust Belt, Fort Wayne's economy in the 21st century is based upon distribution, transportation, and logistics; healthcare, professional and business services; leisure and hospitality, and financial services. Home to the Fort Wayne Air National Guard Base, the city is a center for the defense industry.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/150189/file/276385#t=768.0,786.0"}]}]}]}