{"@context":"http://iiif.io/api/presentation/3/context.json","id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/iiif/6688g8fx7c/manifest","type":"Manifest","label":{"en":["Lansky, Rubin (2003)"]},"logo":"https://d9jk7wjtjpu5g.cloudfront.net/organizations/logo_images/000/000/082/original/TheBreman_SecondaryMark_Horizontal_Blue_Black.png?1713640889","metadata":[{"label":{"en":["Date"]},"value":{"en":["2003-12-03 (creation)"]}},{"label":{"en":["Format"]},"value":{"en":["Video"]}},{"label":{"en":["Source"]},"value":{"en":["William Breman Jewish Heritage Museum","Esther and Herbet Taylor Oral History Collection","Jewish Oral History Project of Atlanta"]}},{"label":{"en":["Description"]},"value":{"en":["\u003cp\u003eRubin Lansky was interviewed by John Kent and Ruth Einstein on December 3, 2003 in Atlanta, Georgia.\u003c/p\u003e (general)","\u003cp\u003eRubin Lansky was born in 1922 in Ozorkow, Poland. He was the second of four children born to Mojsze and Leia Zychlinksi. His father owned a clothing store. When the war started, Rubin was sent to a forced labor squad and was sent to work on the German Autobahn (highway system), where he lived in \"camps,\" which were moved periodically as the road grew in length.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eWhen the Germans invaded the Soviet Union, Rubin's work squad was disbanded and he was sent to camps in Latvia and Estonia where he worked on the railroad system. Eventually Rubin ended up Riga-Kaiswerwald, the main camp for Latvia. Rubin was sent to Danzig via ship in September 1944. From Danzig he was sent to Buchenwald and then to Bochumer Verein, a steel plant/labor camp. When the Allies began heavily bombing the area, he volunteered for a job locating and digging up unexploded bombs until he was shipped out on an open-air railcar that wandered aimlessly before stopping in Czechoslovakia. There, Rubin said he was a non-Jewish Czech and became part of a group of prisoners ransomed by the Czech-government-in-exile. Rubin was taken to a hospital, from which a Czech man rescued him, took him home to his family and nursed him back to health.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eAfter the war, Rubin returned to Ozorkow and learned that his parents, older brother, Abram, and younger sister and brother, Fajga and Jacob, had not survived. He then ended up in Bamberg, Germany where he got an apartment and a job. There, he searched for any family members that survived and found a cousin, Lola Borkowska, who was in the Feldafing DP camp.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eRubin immigrated to the United States in 1947 and soon thereafter married Lola. In 1953, the Lansky family moved to Atlanta, Georgia where they opened a grocery store. A few years later, Rubin began a successful career in the Real Estate management business. Rubin and Lola were members of Ahavath Achim Synagogue and founding members of Eternal-Life Hemshech, which constructed the Memorial to the Six Million. Lola passed away on Februay 10, 1999 and Rubin died on March 19, 2005.\u003c/p\u003e (bioghist)","\u003cp\u003eRubin recounts how he began working for the Germans as a forced laborer soon after Poland was occupied. He recalls working on the Autobahn and staying in Organization Todt labor camps in the Baltic States. Rubin explains how he was sent by boat from Riga-Kaiswerwald to Germany near the end of the war. He recalls his time in Buchenwald and working at the Bochumer Verein steel plant/labor camp. He describes the destruction of Allied bombing campaigns and his decision to volunteer for clearing bombs. Rubin traces his journey from Buchenwald to Czechoslovakia, where he passed as a non-Jewish Czech and was taken to a Red Cross hospital. Rubin shares how he travelled back to Poland after the war, where he learned his family had not survived, and participated in retaliation against Germans that had been captured by the Soviets. Rubin describes returning to Germany—first in Bamberg and later in Munich, where he made a living on the Black Market. He shares how he met his wife. He outlines his immigration to the United States, working at a factory in New York, and finally moving to Atlanta, Georgia. He discusses his early ventures as a grocery store owner before moving into real estate. Rubin reflects on adjusting to life in America, raising his children, and he and his wife’s involvement in the Atlanta survivor community, which became their extended family. He discusses his involvement with the construction of the Memorial to Six Million in Atlanta’s Greenwood Cemetery and how he helped bring a surviving Torah from his hometown to Atlanta. Rubin offers his perspective of the Holocaust and the decision by the Allies not to bomb concentration camps. Rubin compares Jewish life in Europe and America and offers his perspective of religion and life in America.\u003c/p\u003e (scope content)"]}},{"label":{"en":["Source Metadata URI"]},"value":{"en":["https://archivesspace.thebreman.org/repositories/2/archival_objects/28018"]}},{"label":{"en":["Rights Statement"]},"value":{"en":["\u003cp\u003eAll rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, recorded by any information storage and retrieval system, without the express written consent of the William Breman Jewish Heritage Museum.\u003c/p\u003e"]}},{"label":{"en":["Subject"]},"value":{"en":["Rubin Lansky (personal name)","Lola Borkowska Lansky (personal name)","Willie Fisher (personal name)","Harold Hersch (personal name)","Boris Ulman (personal name)","Benjamin Hirsch (personal name)","Marty Storch (personal name)","Adolf Hitler (personal name)","Albert Einstein (personal name)","Karen Lansky (personal name)","Maury Lansky (personal name)","Abe Besser (personal name)","Hebrew Immigrant Aid Society (HIAS) (corporate name)","Albert's Grocery (corporate name)","Eternal Life-Hemshech (corporate name)","United Nations Relief and Rehabilitation Administration (UNRRA) (corporate name)","Ahavath Achim Synagogue (AA) (corporate name)","Organization Todt (corporate name)","Bochum-Verein (corporate name)","Red Cross (corporate name)","Auschwitz-Birkenau Concentration Camp (geographic term)","Feldafing Displaced Persons Camp (geographic term)","Lodz Ghetto (geographic term)","Kaiserwald Concentration Camp (geographic term)","Buchenwald Concentration Camp (geographic term)","Theresienstadt Ghetto (geographic term)","Chemnitz, Germany (geographic term)","Bamberg, Germany (geographic term)","Pilsen, Czechoslovakia (geographic term)","Ozorkow, Poland (geographic term)","Lodz, Poland (geographic term)","Warsaw, Poland (geographic term)","Riga, Latvia (geographic term)","Munich, Germany (geographic term)","Latvia (geographic term)","Germany (geographic term)","Poland (geographic term)","Czechoslovakia (geographic term)","New York (geographic term)","Atlanta, Georgia (geographic term)","Ozorkow Torah (topical term)","Concentration Camps (topical term)","Displaced Person Camps (topical term)","Holocaust (topical term)","World War II (topical term)","Schutzstaffel - SD (topical term)","Sicherheitdienst - SD (topical term)","Einsatzgruppen (topical term)","Lagerfuhrer (topical term)","Autobahn (topical term)","Memorial to the Six Million (topical term)"]}}],"summary":{"en":["\u003cp\u003eRubin Lansky was interviewed by John Kent and Ruth Einstein on December 3, 2003 in Atlanta, Georgia.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eRubin Lansky was born in 1922 in Ozorkow, Poland. He was the second of four children born to Mojsze and Leia Zychlinksi. His father owned a clothing store. When the war started, Rubin was sent to a forced labor squad and was sent to work on the German Autobahn (highway system), where he lived in \"camps,\" which were moved periodically as the road grew in length.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eWhen the Germans invaded the Soviet Union, Rubin's work squad was disbanded and he was sent to camps in Latvia and Estonia where he worked on the railroad system. Eventually Rubin ended up Riga-Kaiswerwald, the main camp for Latvia. Rubin was sent to Danzig via ship in September 1944. From Danzig he was sent to Buchenwald and then to Bochumer Verein, a steel plant/labor camp. When the Allies began heavily bombing the area, he volunteered for a job locating and digging up unexploded bombs until he was shipped out on an open-air railcar that wandered aimlessly before stopping in Czechoslovakia. There, Rubin said he was a non-Jewish Czech and became part of a group of prisoners ransomed by the Czech-government-in-exile. Rubin was taken to a hospital, from which a Czech man rescued him, took him home to his family and nursed him back to health.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eAfter the war, Rubin returned to Ozorkow and learned that his parents, older brother, Abram, and younger sister and brother, Fajga and Jacob, had not survived. He then ended up in Bamberg, Germany where he got an apartment and a job. There, he searched for any family members that survived and found a cousin, Lola Borkowska, who was in the Feldafing DP camp.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eRubin immigrated to the United States in 1947 and soon thereafter married Lola. In 1953, the Lansky family moved to Atlanta, Georgia where they opened a grocery store. A few years later, Rubin began a successful career in the Real Estate management business. Rubin and Lola were members of Ahavath Achim Synagogue and founding members of Eternal-Life Hemshech, which constructed the Memorial to the Six Million. Lola passed away on Februay 10, 1999 and Rubin died on March 19, 2005.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eRubin recounts how he began working for the Germans as a forced laborer soon after Poland was occupied. He recalls working on the Autobahn and staying in Organization Todt labor camps in the Baltic States. Rubin explains how he was sent by boat from Riga-Kaiswerwald to Germany near the end of the war. He recalls his time in Buchenwald and working at the Bochumer Verein steel plant/labor camp. He describes the destruction of Allied bombing campaigns and his decision to volunteer for clearing bombs. Rubin traces his journey from Buchenwald to Czechoslovakia, where he passed as a non-Jewish Czech and was taken to a Red Cross hospital. Rubin shares how he travelled back to Poland after the war, where he learned his family had not survived, and participated in retaliation against Germans that had been captured by the Soviets. Rubin describes returning to Germany—first in Bamberg and later in Munich, where he made a living on the Black Market. He shares how he met his wife. He outlines his immigration to the United States, working at a factory in New York, and finally moving to Atlanta, Georgia. He discusses his early ventures as a grocery store owner before moving into real estate. Rubin reflects on adjusting to life in America, raising his children, and he and his wife’s involvement in the Atlanta survivor community, which became their extended family. He discusses his involvement with the construction of the Memorial to Six Million in Atlanta’s Greenwood Cemetery and how he helped bring a surviving Torah from his hometown to Atlanta. Rubin offers his perspective of the Holocaust and the decision by the Allies not to bomb concentration camps. Rubin compares Jewish life in Europe and America and offers his perspective of religion and life in America.\u003c/p\u003e"]},"requiredStatement":{"label":{"en":["Attribution"]},"value":{"en":["\u003cp\u003eAll rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, recorded by any information storage and retrieval system, without the express written consent of the William Breman Jewish Heritage Museum.\u003c/p\u003e"]}},"provider":[{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/aboutus","type":"Agent","label":{"en":["William Breman Jewish Heritage Museum"]},"homepage":[{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/","type":"Text","label":{"en":["William Breman Jewish Heritage Museum"]},"format":"text/html"}],"logo":[{"id":"https://d9jk7wjtjpu5g.cloudfront.net/organizations/logo_images/000/000/082/original/TheBreman_SecondaryMark_Horizontal_Blue_Black.png?1713640889","type":"Image"}]}],"thumbnail":[{"id":"https://d9jk7wjtjpu5g.cloudfront.net/collection_resource_files/thumbnails/000/100/085/small/Lansky_Rubin_2003.mp4_1603820003.jpg?1603805603","type":"Image","format":"image/jpeg"}],"items":[{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/31568/file/100085","type":"Canvas","label":{"en":["Media File 1 of 1 - Lanksy_Rubin.mp4"]},"duration":10490.481,"width":640,"height":360,"thumbnail":[{"id":"https://d9jk7wjtjpu5g.cloudfront.net/collection_resource_files/thumbnails/000/100/085/small/Lansky_Rubin_2003.mp4_1603820003.jpg?1603805603","type":"Image","format":"image/jpeg"}],"items":[{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/31568/file/100085/content/1","type":"AnnotationPage","items":[{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/31568/file/100085/content/1/annotation/1","type":"Annotation","motivation":"painting","body":{"id":"https://aviary-p-thebreman.s3.wasabisys.com/collection_resource_files/resource_files/000/100/085/original/Lanksy_Rubin.mp4?1622036091","type":"Video","format":"video/mp4","duration":10490.481,"width":640,"height":360},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/31568/file/100085","metadata":[]}]}],"annotations":[{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/31568/file/100085/transcript/20556","type":"AnnotationPage","label":{"en":["Lansky, Rubin [Transcript]"]},"items":[{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/31568/file/100085/transcript/20556/annotation/1","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"KENT: Let's start with your name now and your name at birth also.\n\nLANSKY: My name is Rubin Lansky. I'm born in June 1922. I'm going to start when\nthey took us away. They organized right away. They come in a strange land. They\nwanted 120 people to go to work. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/31568/file/100085#t=0.0,30.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/31568/file/100085/transcript/20556/annotation/2","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"They had made already the Jewish police and\nthey came for us. It's not . . . they couldn't help it. If they wouldn't come,\nthe SS would come. We went in the movies and wait for the people to take us\nwherever. We didn't know where we going. We went up in Lodz. Over there, they\nbrought in the rich Polacks to go to the ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/31568/file/100085#t=30.0,60.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/31568/file/100085/transcript/20556/annotation/3","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Protectorate. They wanted to make just\nlike in France--make a Polish state unto them. But nobody would take it from the\nPolacks, so they didn't trust them. From over there, they took us to make the\nfirst Autobahn . . . what you call here the . . .\n\nKENT: Freeway?\n\nLANSKY: They call it the 'freeway.' Over there, I ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/31568/file/100085#t=60.0,90.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/31568/file/100085/transcript/20556/annotation/4","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"don't know if it was a mistake\nor it was in the beginning, they didn't have the experience. We came in the\ncamp, everything ready--new barracks, new tables, new everything. We thought,\n\"This is it.\" We didn't know different. We started working the Autobahn. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/31568/file/100085#t=90.0,120.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/31568/file/100085/transcript/20556/annotation/5","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"They\nposted . . . they were supposed to watch us. There was a few old guys in the\nblack uniform. The black uniform was not SS; they was SR. They didn't watch us\nbecause there was no place to go--there was nothing but woods. The guys who ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/31568/file/100085#t=120.0,150.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/31568/file/100085/transcript/20556/annotation/6","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"took\nus . . . was on the streetcar to Lodz. In Lodz, they took us to the Autobahn.\nOver there, we could write home. They wrote to us. We got paid a few\nDeutschmarks and the Lagerführer, the guy who was . . . we thought everywhere\nis going to be like ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/31568/file/100085#t=150.0,180.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/31568/file/100085/transcript/20556/annotation/7","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that . . . he was very good. We been there one year. They\nfed us and there was no electric wires. We could walk away and come back a day\nlater or two. Nobody knew even that we . . . They weren't organized.\n\nKENT: Was there a name for that particular lager?\n\nLANSKY: It was not a concentration camp. It was a working battalion. We worked\nfor ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/31568/file/100085#t=180.0,210.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/31568/file/100085/transcript/20556/annotation/8","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Organization Todt. This was an organization in uniforms. They'd been in\nbusiness . . . they rented us out, like you rent a horse or a car. They paid\neight Marks . . . for everyone. In wintertime, it was frozen and we stayed in\nthe barracks for three months. We sing. We had a good time. We didn't know\nwhat's going on in the whole world because no ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/31568/file/100085#t=210.0,240.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/31568/file/100085/transcript/20556/annotation/9","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"paper . . . just like dummies.\nThen the war went out with Russia, and they took us onto the street, near the\nfront. They stole . . . over there, there was a lot of woods . . . pine. We make\nsome holes, we cut them, and the tractor came over and took it to Germany. Just\nstealing. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/31568/file/100085#t=240.0,270.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/31568/file/100085/transcript/20556/annotation/10","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Then it got wintertime. It was sometimes 30 below zero. I got here,\nmarks . . . all busted . . . in back. Only when young you could . . . We had to\nmove from one place to another. Maybe that's why they couldn't make a\nconcentration camp--because we had to move. We was trained already to work hard\nbecause the ones who didn't work . . . like Marty Storch you ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/31568/file/100085#t=270.0,300.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/31568/file/100085/transcript/20556/annotation/11","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"mentioned . . . he\nsaid he sick, so they sent him home. He came home. I got a letter, \"Don't come\nhome. The first party came home. The next one, I think they're going to be\nkilled.\" That's what happened. We all worked hard to do what they tell us to do\nand not to go home . . . to send you home! It was a different situation. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/31568/file/100085#t=300.0,330.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/31568/file/100085/transcript/20556/annotation/12","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Most of\nthe camps were not like that. They going to send you home? They'd shoot you. It\ncost too much to send you home.\n\nKENT: What was the date approximately . . . that year?\n\nLANSKY: This was when the war broke out with Russia. When was it? In . . .\n\nEINSTEIN: 1941?\n\nLANSKY: Yes, 1941. This was maybe September, something like this. We went to\ntake a ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/31568/file/100085#t=330.0,360.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/31568/file/100085/transcript/20556/annotation/13","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"swim. We had a lake over there. One of our boys got drowned. The\nLagerführer, he sent a letter to the family and sent all the . . . and tell us\nthat he was going to make a nice burying. He had a speech, \"Not to worry about\nit. Some people die young, some people die . . .\" I remember the words. He said,\n\"But life has to go on. Next time, don't go by ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/31568/file/100085#t=360.0,390.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/31568/file/100085/transcript/20556/annotation/14","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"yourself. Go with somebody who\nknows where the lake is deep\" and whatever. We'd been there three and a half\nyears in Latvia, Estonia. Very cold . . . this would be like the sun shines.\nFrom over there, the Russians start to approach. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/31568/file/100085#t=390.0,420.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/31568/file/100085/transcript/20556/annotation/15","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"So they came for us. They sent\nus . . . They put us in a concentration camp in Riga . . . small concentration\ncamp. In the back, they had some gasoline. They knew that nobody was going to\nbomb it because it was a concentration camp. That's what they thought. But this\nwas the Baltic, and everything went two ways--from Germany to the front, through\nthe ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/31568/file/100085#t=420.0,450.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/31568/file/100085/transcript/20556/annotation/16","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Baltic. The Russians came over and they wanted to bomb it--the gasoline.\nBefore you could see them, the Germans shot them down. Over there, we heard\nrumors that they gonna . . . if the Russians were going to stay, they were going\nto take us away. But if they going ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/31568/file/100085#t=450.0,480.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/31568/file/100085/transcript/20556/annotation/17","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"to . . . go back, they would have to kill us,\nbecause we going to join the army. We were young. We didn't know what to do.\nThere were some children and some women from Riga. They took us on two boats to\nGermany. I'd been on the boat . . . there were Germans, there ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/31568/file/100085#t=480.0,510.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/31568/file/100085/transcript/20556/annotation/18","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"were sick, or\nruined, or half-killed. We didn't know where we were going . . . we'd been in\nthe basement and they'd been upstairs. After the war, we found out the second\nboat . . . they drowned . . . with the Jewish people. They didn't have no\nsoldiers over there coming back. From over there, they put us in a concentration\ncamp for about three days. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/31568/file/100085#t=510.0,540.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/31568/file/100085/transcript/20556/annotation/19","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Then they sent us to Buchenwald. Buchenwald . . . One\nday, they marking the skies. We didn't know why there were marks in the skies.\nBut around Buchenwald they had factories . . . the Germans make factories. They\nthought nobody was going to bomb Buchenwald because half of Buchenwald was\nGermans who opposed Hitler. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/31568/file/100085#t=540.0,570.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/31568/file/100085/transcript/20556/annotation/20","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Buchenwald was built for Germans . . . not in 1939\nwhen the war broke out or after . . . 1933, when Hitler came to power, that's\nwhy they built Buchenwald. More than half of them over there was Germans,\nCommunists, people-said to be Communists, who knows . . . The people went for\nlunch over there . . . whatever they got. An ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/31568/file/100085#t=570.0,600.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/31568/file/100085/transcript/20556/annotation/21","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"American came over and started\nbombing Buchenwald . . . the factories . . . they marked it, not to bomb where\nthe people were. In the lager, the Germans came with cars . . . with bicycles.\nThey told us for sure that this was not going to be no bombing ground, but they\nbombed it. After the bombing, they sent us to Bochum. There was a factory for\nammunition. Everything with push ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/31568/file/100085#t=600.0,630.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/31568/file/100085/transcript/20556/annotation/22","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"buttons. There was an oven. I don't know how\nhot it was, a few thousand . . . The heat was as though it was . . . when I got\nclose to the oven, I took out about four or six pieces of iron. Another one\npushed it. The Russians were working over there, and they say, \"Davei!\" Davei\nmeans, \"Fast! Fast! Fast!\" When it went ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/31568/file/100085#t=630.0,660.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/31568/file/100085/transcript/20556/annotation/23","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"in, it maked a hole. It came out, the\nwater went on it to cool it off. When they said, \"Fast! Fast!\" it start\ncracking. Right away, the Germans came over: \"One more time like this, we'll\nknow what you did. Everybody going to get shot.\" If they said that everybody was\ngoing to get shot, they were going to do it. It was no joke. I see those\nfactories, Bochum, Kalb, Düsseldorf--nothing but ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/31568/file/100085#t=660.0,690.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/31568/file/100085/transcript/20556/annotation/24","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"chimneys. I told . . . the one\nwho watched us, I say, \"I'm scared here.\" He said, \"Why are you scared?\" I said,\n\"Everywhere I'm going, they bombed me. I've been in . . . the Russians were\nbombing.\" He said, \"No, no, no, no. Not in here.\" \"Here,\" he said, \"they've been\nhere already, two years ago . . . but we gave them a lesson. They're never going\nto come back.\" I thought he was telling a story. This was ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/31568/file/100085#t=690.0,720.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/31568/file/100085/transcript/20556/annotation/25","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"true . . . the\nAmericans . . . He said, \"We didn't even let them go back to England. We got\nthem . . . everyone had to be down.\" This was about . . . I worked over there\nmaybe three weeks or something, maybe another week . . . at the most, a month.\nThe American were coming by the hundreds . . . you saw them this ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/31568/file/100085#t=720.0,750.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/31568/file/100085/transcript/20556/annotation/26","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"big. They\nstarted bombing in the nighttime, the English. They put a light . . . for a\nsecond to see exactly where they bombed. The Americans bombed . . . the\ncarpet-bombing. Today it's . . . Next day, 12:00, they come in . . . to . . .\nEverything had to be bombed. Oh, my G-d, here was no food, no water . . . people\nlaying on the ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/31568/file/100085#t=750.0,780.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/31568/file/100085/transcript/20556/annotation/27","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"street already . . . it looked like Auschwitz-Birkenau, those\npictures what you see. Can you imagine hundreds of planes? You had one plane or\ntwo planes over there in New York. Did you see what happened? In Germany,\nwherever you throw a bomb it was something. It was not like Vietnam.\n\nKENT: What condition were you in at that point, in terms of your health and your outlook?\n\nLANSKY: I was okay. We all were ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/31568/file/100085#t=780.0,810.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/31568/file/100085/transcript/20556/annotation/28","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"okay. Over there . . . in Latvia . . . where\nwe'd been over there, they called themselves . . . they call us \"Israelites.\"\nThey believed in Saturday, not\n\nSunday. Everything was pigs. The fish . . . you could smell from fish . . .\neverybody. They were very nice to us over there. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/31568/file/100085#t=810.0,840.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/31568/file/100085/transcript/20556/annotation/29","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"We could . . . when we left,\nthe one family that . . . there was not electric wires or anything, so we went .\n. . we make some friends. We spoke already Lettish, a little when we were young.\nShe was so happy. She said, \"Jesus going to find out what we did for the\nIsraelites\" . . . they called us the 'Israelites.' \"The fish are going to be\nthis ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/31568/file/100085#t=840.0,870.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/31568/file/100085/transcript/20556/annotation/30","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"big . . .\" Don't ask. After the war, I tried to write to her. I got back.\nThey were sent out to Siberia or something . . . This they got for being nice .\n. . We wouldn't know how to thank them what they did. If Jewish people had been\nthere, they couldn't do better. A few miles away, they killed all the ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/31568/file/100085#t=870.0,900.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/31568/file/100085/transcript/20556/annotation/31","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Jews. We\ndidn't know about it. Do you know up two streets from here, what happened? You\ndon't know. Anyway, we left over there. When we first came, there was a camp.\nThey took a house or two houses and make it and put us in. In the front was\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/31568/file/100085#t=900.0,930.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/31568/file/100085/transcript/20556/annotation/32","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"bread, and rolls, and a big can of milk. They had a letter. I know Jewish people\ndon't like to hear that . . . there was a letter . . . if they not going to\ntreat us nice, that somebody was going to die here. He was scared . . . the\nLagerführer, what they called him here. There was four guards on the door\nwatching ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/31568/file/100085#t=930.0,960.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/31568/file/100085/transcript/20556/annotation/33","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"him until it quieted down. We still keep thinking about him. From over\nthere, where we went again back to . . . no, over there . . . was the SD . . .\ncame over there to the camp to watch that . . . you're not stealing anything, or\ndoing something, or I don't ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/31568/file/100085#t=960.0,990.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/31568/file/100085/transcript/20556/annotation/34","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"know. The SD was over the SS. You never heard about\nthe SD? You speak German a little?\n\nKENT: No.\n\nLANSKY: Sicherheitsdienst . . . It's like . . . they were sworn to watch Hitler.\nThey had to be over six foot. They had a little racket here . . . they need\nhelp. Red is this, blue is ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/31568/file/100085#t=990.0,1020.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/31568/file/100085/transcript/20556/annotation/35","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"this . . . very organized. Here the SD . . . they\ncould hold you on the highway, they could . . . The SS was scared of them, very\nscared. A lot of people think it was just SS; it was SS, SD, SR, Arbeits\nbattalion . . . different . . . They bombed . . . One day goes by, no water, no\ntoilet, no ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/31568/file/100085#t=1020.0,1050.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/31568/file/100085/transcript/20556/annotation/36","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"nothing, no food. The SD came over and they said, \"Who wants to\nvolunteer to take the bombs out?\" I said, \"What have I got to lose?\" I'm going\nto take a bomb out. How can you take a bomb out? I don't know how deep it is.\nThey tell us already that these are time bombs. If they didn't tear up the\nfactory . . . you can't go back to work, because a time bomb can explode\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/31568/file/100085#t=1050.0,1080.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/31568/file/100085/transcript/20556/annotation/37","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"anytime, in a day, two days, in an hour, whatever. They took us and they make,\n\"Lebensgefahr\". . . nobody should go through over there and we going to take out\nthe bombs. They gave us some sticks was about . . . I was there, maybe another\nJew. Everybody was scared to go. I said, \"I've got nothing to lose. I mean, I'm\ngoing to starve to death here.\" They let us loose over ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/31568/file/100085#t=1080.0,1110.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/31568/file/100085/transcript/20556/annotation/38","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"there, and they stayed\nand watched what we going to do. We didn't know what to do. We went in the\nbombed houses. In the bombed houses, in the basement, they had everything . . .\nsalami, anything. They knew if something going to happen, they wanted to be\nready with the food. I said, \"What's going to happen tomorrow? Now we're going\nto ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/31568/file/100085#t=1110.0,1140.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/31568/file/100085/transcript/20556/annotation/39","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"eat. I can't take much back to the camp because they're going to tear me up .\n. . having food.\" I go out . . . I could speak a little German. The Russian\nstayed. He started hollering . . . the SD, \"What are you doing? What you coming\nhere?\" I said, \"Wait a minute! I can bring you out anything you want! There's\nsalami over there, there's whiskey over ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/31568/file/100085#t=1140.0,1170.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/31568/file/100085/transcript/20556/annotation/40","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"there, this over there.\" They start\nsmiling. I bring them out. The next day they said, \"Everybody wants to go\nbecause we brought some stuff.\" We hid in our clothes here . . . we put in\nwhatever we could. He said, \"No.\" He wants the same people. \"Anybody who wasn't\nthere yesterday, if you're coming out, you get shot.\" If he said he's going to\nshoot, he's going to shoot! He's going to get a medal! ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/31568/file/100085#t=1170.0,1200.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/31568/file/100085/transcript/20556/annotation/41","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"So we went back another\nday. Then the third day, they took us back to Buchenwald. Before we went to\nBuchenwald, the SD brought over some food for the people who still alive or\nhalf-alive. They all were hollering, \"The army . . . they're barbaric . . . the\nworst of the worst . . .\" They didn't forget that they were the first ones who\nbombed. They laughed. They liked it. But now they didn't like it. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/31568/file/100085#t=1200.0,1230.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/31568/file/100085/transcript/20556/annotation/42","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I gave a\nsandwich . . . a German was another one gave him a little water. We did this\nabout a couple of days. They always wanted the same guys they knew already . . .\nthe few Russians, myself. We come back to Buchenwald. There were so many people\ncoming: French ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/31568/file/100085#t=1230.0,1260.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/31568/file/100085/transcript/20556/annotation/43","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"resistance, Italian, and all kinds. We didn't have no barracks,\nnothing. They put us in the woods. \"Go over there.\" We slept over there. I got\nup, somebody took my shoes off. You don't know what's going to happen. To make\nit short . . . after a week, maybe another day or two, they come ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/31568/file/100085#t=1260.0,1290.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/31568/file/100085/transcript/20556/annotation/44","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"in . . . the\nEinsatzgruppen, whatever they called them . . . I think it was the\nEinsatzgruppen. \"Juden raus!\" . . . that we should come to the appel . . .\n\"Juden raus!\" I'd been with my buddies . . . Ozorkowers . . . we kept together.\nThat's what helped us a lot. We knew each other.\n\nKENT: Who were your main friends throughout that whole period?\n\nLANSKY: Who was my friends?\n\nKENT: Yes, who were the main people you stayed with?\n\nLANSKY: The ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/31568/file/100085#t=1290.0,1320.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/31568/file/100085/transcript/20556/annotation/45","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Ozorkowers . . . the one that are left. We went to cheder together,\nwe went to school together, we knew the parents . . . Most of us made it because\nof circumstances that we'd just been in the right place or who knows. They say\n\"Juden raus!\" Here I am with a bunch--not only with Ozorkowers. It was some\nLodzers, who ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/31568/file/100085#t=1320.0,1350.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/31568/file/100085/transcript/20556/annotation/46","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"knows. One was a Jewish cook. He was a little older. His name was\nMendel. \"Mendel, what are we going to do now?\" He said, \"What are you going to\ndo now? What going to happen with everybody is going to happen with me and you.\"\nI said, \"No, not with me.\" I run away and I went in the toilet . . . this was\nthe toilet for ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/31568/file/100085#t=1350.0,1380.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/31568/file/100085/transcript/20556/annotation/47","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"one camp and this one was for the other one. It was . . . you\ncouldn't go from one to another. The toilet was just like a . . . So I go in\ntoilet. I said, \"What are you going to do here?\" I went down the toilet. There\nwas some barbed wire. I pushed the barbed wire away and somehow I made it to the\nPolish . . . I didn't know where I was going to end ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/31568/file/100085#t=1380.0,1410.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/31568/file/100085/transcript/20556/annotation/48","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"up. When I come up, I saw\nthe Polish guys. They went out but not in the . . . the Jews had to come in the\nbig space . . . that you can see who it is, what it is. The way they came in . .\n. they howled at you, \"Juden Raus! Juden Raus!\" with the dogs barking, and here\nwith machine guns . . . with guns . . . ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/31568/file/100085#t=1410.0,1440.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/31568/file/100085/transcript/20556/annotation/49","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I got up. I said, \"Let me go in the\nbarrack and see what's going on.\" Who they are being counted. I opened the door,\nI see sick people. They're all sick people. They were going to take them too,\nthe sick . . . they didn't care who was sick. They'd take and they'd shoot you.\nI went in the next toilet doing the same thing. Barbed wire . . . ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/31568/file/100085#t=1440.0,1470.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/31568/file/100085/transcript/20556/annotation/50","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I did the best\nto get through, whatever, a scratch or something, who cares . . . you know that\nsomething will happen bad to you. I see the Polacks making a line. I go in the\nline and I saw a guy from Ozorkow. We lived in the same neighborhood. 'Roman'\nwas his name. He stayed in the front and I went behind ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/31568/file/100085#t=1470.0,1500.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/31568/file/100085/transcript/20556/annotation/51","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"him . . . no, the other\nway around . . . he stayed and I went in the front . . . in the front, maybe\nhe's going to say, \"Jude!\" . . . They'd take me out. I said, \"Roman, do you care\nif I stay here or if you stay in the front?\" He said, \"No, I can stay in the\nfront.\" In the front, I can see that he's going to say that I'm a Jew, so I\nwould say that he's a Jew too, so we both would go. He knew that. You get ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/31568/file/100085#t=1500.0,1530.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/31568/file/100085/transcript/20556/annotation/52","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"smart\nwhen you're in those conditions. They took us on the railroad . . . open\nrailroad . . . Every place we went, we buried the dead . . . that died night\ntime or the day before. You got up, you saw this guy is dead. What are you going\nto ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/31568/file/100085#t=1530.0,1560.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/31568/file/100085/transcript/20556/annotation/53","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"do? I worked in the German kitchen, so some of those guys, the SS . . . knew\nme. One was . . . he was an SS, but he couldn't even discipline the people that\nbe on that railroad. We went from one place to ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/31568/file/100085#t=1560.0,1590.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/31568/file/100085/transcript/20556/annotation/54","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"another . . . here the French are\ncoming, here the English are coming . . . they didn't know where to go, no food.\nWe stopped in a place . . . I told him, \"Otto\" . . . Otto was his name . . .\nlittle guy, he probably was wounded or something, so they put him in uniform to\nwatch. That's what I'm saying: everybody was different. Not everybody was . . .\nbecause he was an SS, that he killed anybody or whatever. That's what I ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/31568/file/100085#t=1590.0,1620.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/31568/file/100085/transcript/20556/annotation/55","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"saw. I\nsaid, \"Let's go. I see a house over there. We're going to wash up.\" He said,\n\"Okay.\" We went over there, and he didn't say nothing. I told over there . . .\nthe people who were already Czechoslovakian . . . Czechoslovakian and Polish you\ncan understand, just like Russian and Polish. I said, \"That guy's hungry. He\nwants something to eat.\" He said, \"Yes.\" ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/31568/file/100085#t=1620.0,1650.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/31568/file/100085/transcript/20556/annotation/56","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"We sat down, we ate . . . went back. I\nsaid, \"What's going to happen now?\" He said, \"There was some children that I\nbrought over.\" When the wagon got half full, they had to bring some . . . from\nanother camp. I don't know who they were. They didn't speak my language. I\ncouldn't understand what they were saying. They were about maybe 10, 12 years at\nthe ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/31568/file/100085#t=1650.0,1680.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/31568/file/100085/transcript/20556/annotation/57","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"most. With them came a Jewish Lagerführer . . . you know what a\nLagerführer is? He runs the commandant. He started cussing and hollering and\nscreaming . . . the Germans don't say nothing, but he is a Jew. He is our kind.\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/31568/file/100085#t=1680.0,1710.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/31568/file/100085/transcript/20556/annotation/58","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Nighttime the children start peeing . . . it was open, and the wind blowed on\nhis face. Oy gevalt, he started beating the hell out of them. I was strong. I\nfound out that he was a half-Jew. I let him have it. But he knew that the bigger\nguys, the ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/31568/file/100085#t=1710.0,1740.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/31568/file/100085/transcript/20556/annotation/59","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Germans who transported us . . . they heard screaming . . . the\nchildren . . . he screamed in German. They said, \"Everybody quiet! If not, we'll\nhave to shoot you! We don't want to have a word!\" I didn't know what to do. He\nknows those guys and I don't. I know that . . . ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/31568/file/100085#t=1740.0,1770.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/31568/file/100085/transcript/20556/annotation/60","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"you're not going to be able to\ndo anything. In the morning when we went to eat . . . what I told you before . .\n. I came back and everybody hollers . . . the children, \"Rudi! Rudi! Rudi!\" I\nsaid, \"What? Rudi? What?\" They showed that that half-Jew took the bread away\nfrom the SS. The SS man didn't care. He ate, so . . . he was that kind of a type\n. . . not everybody is like ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/31568/file/100085#t=1770.0,1800.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/31568/file/100085/transcript/20556/annotation/61","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that. When the officers heard the children hollering\nand screaming, they came over and said, \"What's going on here?\" The SS . . . the\nguy that I knew, told him, \"He stole my bread when I went to wash up. He's a\nTotschlagen . . . Kill ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/31568/file/100085#t=1800.0,1830.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/31568/file/100085/transcript/20556/annotation/62","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"him. He stole the bread . . . kill him.\" I heard\n\"killing.\" I went up and I let him have it. He had another guy that . . . got\nhis shoes . . . like a calefactory . . . like a butler. He was a butler to him.\nWe start to roll and I still ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/31568/file/100085#t=1830.0,1860.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/31568/file/100085/transcript/20556/annotation/63","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"don't know who the children are, and why they're\nthere, and what, or nothing. When we got off and I throw him down . . . I don't\nknow where he got the life or not . . . but I had to throw him down . . .\nmeshuggenah. Children . . . because they make you wet a little bit . . . he hit\nhim; he had a stick or something. Now the guy who watched ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/31568/file/100085#t=1860.0,1890.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/31568/file/100085/transcript/20556/annotation/64","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"him, I tried to get\nhim too. He said, \"I had to do what he told me! I had no choice! If not, I would\nstarve to hunger!\" If we got bread, he said the first thing he gave him and all\nright. To make it short, we stopped. I saw on the . . . where we stopped was\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/31568/file/100085#t=1890.0,1920.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/31568/file/100085/transcript/20556/annotation/65","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Theresienstadt. I didn't know what Theresienstadt means . . . just another\nplace. The rail . . . they opened the doors, they say, \"Juden raus! Juden raus!\"\nI see that they start crying . . . children started crying . . . to show who is\na Jude. I thought that they were Jewish, they were all Jewish. The one who cried\nand hollered, ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/31568/file/100085#t=1920.0,1950.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/31568/file/100085/transcript/20556/annotation/66","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\"Jude! Jude!\" I put him down. I didn't know where they were going\nor why they were going. I put him out and I told him, \"That's all . . . This is\nalles.\" They took off. I didn't know what. After the war, I went on television\nover there, looking for those children that I saved . . . that I threw down to\ngentiles. Here I didn't want to tell them nothing ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/31568/file/100085#t=1950.0,1980.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/31568/file/100085/transcript/20556/annotation/67","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"but I had no other choice.\nThat they could have been quiet and I would say, \"There is no Juden.\" We take\noff from over there . . . over there we take off and we come to Chemnitz. All of\nthe sudden, I see different uniforms with different . . . and they're talking to\nthe SS. There were more SS and SD because they wanted to save themselves. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/31568/file/100085#t=1980.0,2010.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/31568/file/100085/transcript/20556/annotation/68","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"They\ndidn't want to go to the front. I asked one, \"Why are you so scared for the\nfront?\" He said, \"You crazy? Over there is a one-way ticket. You get killed or\nyou get for hunger or disease or froze to death. You have no chance.\" I see they\ntalk, and talk, and they have . . . I said, \"I don't know what's going on.\" All\nof the sudden, on the loudspeaker they say, \"Anybody ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/31568/file/100085#t=2010.0,2040.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/31568/file/100085/transcript/20556/annotation/69","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Czech came here to the\nhallway.\" I told them I'm a Czech. I don't know what to expect . . . Why? What?\nI stay over there, and Otto, the SS, he comes for water over there . . . He had\nthe little thing to keep water. Every station had a place that you have some\nwater to ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/31568/file/100085#t=2040.0,2070.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/31568/file/100085/transcript/20556/annotation/70","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"drink. Otto said, \"Rudi, you're not a Czech. You're Polish.\" I said,\n\"Otto, do you care who I am?\" \"Oh, no, no, no, no.\" I still didn't know what was\ngoing to happen here. They said, \"All Czechs\" . . . it's better to be a Czech\nthan be a Jew. They asked me my name and I told them 'Dzielanski.' My name was\nZychlinski. I cut it in ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/31568/file/100085#t=2070.0,2100.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/31568/file/100085/transcript/20556/annotation/71","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"half . . . Lansky. I told them, Dzielanksi, a little\nlike Czech. \"Where were you born?\" I said . . . Sometimes it was Polish,\nsometimes it was Czech. They call it . . . Everything . . . still don't know\nwhat's going on. All of the sudden, two big trucks come over . . . open trucks.\nAll the Czechs, including myself, go on the trucks and I don't know. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/31568/file/100085#t=2100.0,2130.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/31568/file/100085/transcript/20556/annotation/72","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"When we\nwent on the trucks and we start rolling, I saw something going on that I don't\nknow . . . something big. People waiting with flowers and throwing flowers on us\nand take off their watches, their rings and everything, and throw them at us. I\ncaught the bread, a big bread . . . see the cut? ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/31568/file/100085#t=2130.0,2160.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/31568/file/100085/transcript/20556/annotation/73","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I went with those Czechs. The\nCzechs, some of them had with knives. See here. Can you see it? Maybe it's this\none. I don't know. Maybe it's this one. I caught the bread, and everybody with\nthe knives . . . I see blood is going. I say, \"Oy, gevalt!\" I throw it away. I'm\nnot going to eat ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/31568/file/100085#t=2160.0,2190.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/31568/file/100085/transcript/20556/annotation/74","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"any! Then wherever we go, I see people outside. They don't know\nwhat to do with us. I said, \"Well, I got in the wrong place. Who knows what's\ngoing to happen?\" We come to Pilsen. Pilsen is the second biggest city from\nCzechoslovakia. I never saw so many people. They holler, \"Did you see my ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/31568/file/100085#t=2190.0,2220.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/31568/file/100085/transcript/20556/annotation/75","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"mother?\nDid you see my brother?\" Did I see your brother? Like somebody in Israel asked\nme, \"Do you know Moishe from Brooklyn?\" I say, \"In Brooklyn there must be two\nMoishes, about 200 Moishes!\" They put us out nice. I saw already that the\nGermans are nice to us, but I still don't know where I'm going. The last one\ngoes in and opens the ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/31568/file/100085#t=2220.0,2250.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/31568/file/100085/transcript/20556/annotation/76","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"door. I look. Oh, my G-d! The SD sitting over there and\nasking questions. Then . . . \"Next! Dzielanski!\" I go in. There was a table.\nThey had the guns on the table, some of them. There was a guard over there, I\nremember, watching them . . . maybe I come in with a ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/31568/file/100085#t=2250.0,2280.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/31568/file/100085/transcript/20556/annotation/77","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"gun. He said, \"Can you tell\nme, in short, why you've been in concentration camp?\" I said, \"I lived in . . .\nWhen the Germans come in--the army--they wanted some people to go to work. There\nwere a lot of volunteers. I was ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/31568/file/100085#t=2280.0,2310.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/31568/file/100085/transcript/20556/annotation/78","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"young and I went to church one day. When I came\nout from the church, they asked me if I wanted to volunteer for the German army.\nI said, \"I'd be glad to.\" He asked me a few questions . . . where I've been. I\ntold him I worked on the Autobahn and the war broke out. They took me behind the\nlines, on the Russian front. When the Russians approach, they didn't know what\nto do with us. They ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/31568/file/100085#t=2310.0,2340.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/31568/file/100085/transcript/20556/annotation/79","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"brought us to concentration camp. The last thing he asked\nme, \"Haben Sie Verwandte die verhassten die Juden gehabt?\" \"Did you ever have\nany family from Jews?\" \"Jews? What Jews?\" He stamped. I'm coming out . . . the\nRed Cross watching for me . . . they picked me up and put me in the ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/31568/file/100085#t=2340.0,2370.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/31568/file/100085/transcript/20556/annotation/80","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"hospital. I\ncome in the hospital. They told me that there were, I think, thirty-some Czechs.\nFour died when they brought them to the hospital. They died already. I said,\n\"Mazel tov! They died! I'm going to die, too. I'm not a Czech. I don't know\nwhat's going to be next. What are you going to do next? You're in the hospital.\"\nI've been in the hospital. Did I make a good move? ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/31568/file/100085#t=2370.0,2400.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/31568/file/100085/transcript/20556/annotation/81","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"What can be bad? They have\nthe machine guns with everything . . . \"Juden raus.\" But I'm here and I don't\nhave where to go. I don't speak the language . . . I can understand a little . .\n. a few words. I see people coming in to everyone: a brother, a father, a\nmother. They talk, they pick up, they bring in stuff, and they go ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/31568/file/100085#t=2400.0,2430.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/31568/file/100085/transcript/20556/annotation/82","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"out. Here,\nnobody comes. They came from the radio to interview me. From all the people,\nthey came to me because they were already packing. They were going. I took the\nblanket, I said, \"I can't talk. I'm sick.\" They covered me, they didn't say\nnothing. What's going to be now? Then they told me that they would give me to\neat . . . ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/31568/file/100085#t=2430.0,2460.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/31568/file/100085/transcript/20556/annotation/83","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"no, a doctor, it was a woman doctor, she says, \"Take off your\nclothes.\" I never . . . a woman's going to help me to take off my clothes? In\nPoland I never experienced that! I said, \"No.\" She said, \"Yes, come on.\"\n\"Alright.\" After this, I said, \"How about food?\" She said, \"We can not give you\nfood. We'll give you a little soup because four died already. If you gonna eat,\nyou're going to die, too. That's what happened to them. They were so ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/31568/file/100085#t=2460.0,2490.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/31568/file/100085/transcript/20556/annotation/84","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"hungry.\"\nBut I still don't know what's going on. Why? What? At nighttime, I started\nopening doors to look for the kitchen . . . until I found the kitchen, I ate and\nI took with me food, whatever. I'd been there a few days, maybe three days, four\ndays, something like this. Not long. A guy comes in--a tall guy, maybe in the\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/31568/file/100085#t=2490.0,2520.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/31568/file/100085/transcript/20556/annotation/85","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"middle fifties--with a whole package . . . I don't know what he hold over there.\nHe said, \"I see you must have a gun.\" He talked to me. There was maybe another\none or two still left. He said, \"I'm looking for somebody who's been in\nconcentration camp and doesn't have where to go . . . lost everybody,\" and ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/31568/file/100085#t=2520.0,2550.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/31568/file/100085/transcript/20556/annotation/86","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"on\nand on. I said, \"That's me.\" I didn't know that I'd lost everybody, but what I\ngot to lose? Maybe he's going to help me. He said he was going to take me home.\nHe took me to the police to register. I come back to say goodbye. They told me\nthere's going to be a ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/31568/file/100085#t=2550.0,2580.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/31568/file/100085/transcript/20556/annotation/87","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"funeral, and they wanted to have six people that are\nstrong enough to give him the last honor. It was going to be the family going to\nbe first, and then they wanted us to take the last few steps. I came out and see\npolice . . . made with flags, with flowers, with music, ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/31568/file/100085#t=2580.0,2610.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/31568/file/100085/transcript/20556/annotation/88","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"with . . . oy gevalt!\n\"What's going on here? Am I crazy?\" People tried to push some money in my\npocket, and another one a watch. Police saw this . . . they took us . . . we'd\nbeen six of us. They wouldn't let nobody come close to us. He took me home. He\nshowed me he had about forty-some people working for him. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/31568/file/100085#t=2610.0,2640.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/31568/file/100085/transcript/20556/annotation/89","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"He was a baron . . .\nyou know what a baron is? A baron, he has a lot of land . . . hundreds and\nhundreds of acres, and he has people working. He had an old mother and a sister.\nI ate with them. After a day or two, I got sick, I got temperature . . . just\nnot knowing what in a minute is going to be. About maybe three or four preachers\ncome over, ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/31568/file/100085#t=2640.0,2670.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/31568/file/100085/transcript/20556/annotation/90","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"with their clothes. They told me to kneel, and they say something, I\ndon't know . . . \"Exit . . . Affect this,\" whatever. They said, \"Now you\nshouldn't worry about it. You're going to be okay.\" All right, I'm going to be\nokay, but I still don't know why all this treatment. You know what I found out?\nWhen we went over there to Chemnitz, the ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/31568/file/100085#t=2670.0,2700.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/31568/file/100085/transcript/20556/annotation/91","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"SD made a deal with the government that\nthey going to let . . . this was--the guys that I got together with . . . they\nwere the government from Czechoslovakia before the war, and they were in\nBuchenwald. They came out at the same time when I came out to go. We didn't know\nwhere we were going. We were going right, and then we went back, and then\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/31568/file/100085#t=2700.0,2730.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/31568/file/100085/transcript/20556/annotation/92","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"because . . . I found out that they make a deal for gold. They were going to\nrelease those people who had been in the government before. They took the money\nfor themselves, probably. Before you know, the radio said that the Czechs make\nthe revolution . . . they gonna free themselves. What is so bad, ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/31568/file/100085#t=2730.0,2760.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/31568/file/100085/transcript/20556/annotation/93","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"if Eisenhower\nwas not going to come to help them . . . he was not far away . . . they were all\ngoing to be killed. The guy who got me in his home, he went to fight. They go\nfrom one place to another. He had a machine gun and something else that was in\nthe field buried. Nobody would know where it is. There was so much land. Then he\ncame ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/31568/file/100085#t=2760.0,2790.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/31568/file/100085/transcript/20556/annotation/94","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"back . . . I told him, \"I know I told you that I don't have nobody, but I\nwant to go home to make sure.\" He said, \"You don't have to run. We're going to\nbake . . . we're going to give it to you. If you want to come back, you come\nback. If you don't want to come back, you don't owe me anything.\" He didn't ask\nme if I'm a Jew, if I'm not a Jew . . . I went ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/31568/file/100085#t=2790.0,2820.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/31568/file/100085/transcript/20556/annotation/95","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"home and we saw the Russians\ncoming in with the . . . No, we saw the Germans . . . they surrender already.\nThose Germans, the SD, they make a good deal. They got the gold . . . I don't\nknow what they gave them. They made a deal. They let them go. They would be free\nanyway, but would be . . . maybe a lot of them would die. I see those Germans .\n. . I'd met already a ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/31568/file/100085#t=2820.0,2850.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/31568/file/100085/transcript/20556/annotation/96","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"few Russians . . . White Russians. To me, they were all\nthe same . . . Russian and Crimean and . . . all of the sudden, we be eight of\nus. We came in a city . . . a small city, and the Germans going like on a\nparade. They were going to surrender, but everything was order . . . order means\nto be ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/31568/file/100085#t=2850.0,2880.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/31568/file/100085/transcript/20556/annotation/97","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"just . . . I see people spitting on them, some of them throwing rocks,\nthis and that. There were some guys and they tried to do something, but they saw\nus. They knew who we are . . . coming from camp or wherever. They gave us pipes\n. . . plumbing pipes. In the front goes a German . . . ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/31568/file/100085#t=2880.0,2910.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/31568/file/100085/transcript/20556/annotation/98","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I don't know who . . .\nbig rank. Then go two, and then go three, and then the whole army. I walk over\nand say, \"Blei Macht stehen.\" \"Stay right here. Don't move.\" He said, \"Ich hapt\nkein order.\" I have no orders. I took that pipe and I split his head. He fell\ndown. I took over the boots. He had beautiful boot. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/31568/file/100085#t=2910.0,2940.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/31568/file/100085/transcript/20556/annotation/99","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I put it on. Everybody\napplauded, and then the Russians and everybody, we started picking him up . . .\nhe couldn't get up. I let him have it. I didn't know that they did so much that\nI didn't know, but what I saw was enough. Not to let the people go, without\nfood, and people dying for hunger . . . what is hunger? You get blown up before\nyou ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/31568/file/100085#t=2940.0,2970.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/31568/file/100085/transcript/20556/annotation/100","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"die. I told him, \"You tell your army you're not an army. You're bandits,\nyou're robbers. You tell them to throw away everything what they robbed in the\nwhole world. If not, we're going to kill every one of you.\" There were hundreds\nof them. Here I had a few guys . . . but on both sides there were the Czechs . .\n. so he couldn't talk. You know what he did? They threw it ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/31568/file/100085#t=2970.0,3000.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/31568/file/100085/transcript/20556/annotation/101","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"away. Only Germans\ncan do that. He was told to throw it away. He throws it away, not like in . . .\nWe run after him, we still knocked him, whatever we could. Nobody tried to\ndefend himself. Then the Russians left . . . no, the Americans left and the\nRussians came in. They had ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/31568/file/100085#t=3000.0,3030.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/31568/file/100085/transcript/20556/annotation/102","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"already marked which zone is going to be. The\nAmerican is going to be here, and this is going to be here. Now we've got the\nRussians, so first comes a tank. The Russians start talking to them. We said\nthat we heard that the SD is in a building someplace downtown and we want to see\nthem. He said, \"What do you mean you want to see them? If you're going to see\nthem, what are you going to do?\" I said, \"We're going to kill ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/31568/file/100085#t=3030.0,3060.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/31568/file/100085/transcript/20556/annotation/103","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"them.\" They killed\nus, why not? They took us on the tank and went to . . . it was in the middle of\nthe city . . . he let us off, and he went farther. Over there was already\nRussian. The Russian said that he couldn't let us in. He had orders not to let\nnobody in. Right away, the Czechs assembled ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/31568/file/100085#t=3060.0,3090.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/31568/file/100085/transcript/20556/annotation/104","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"over there, \"Let them in! Let them\nrecognize the bandits!\" and all this. Right away, I see a Russian in a Jeep go\nby. He hears people hollering, screaming. He stopped and say, \"What's going on\nhere?\" They told him that we wanted to come in to see the SD. \"I have orders not\nto let anyone in.\" He said, \"No, let them in.\" He was a ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/31568/file/100085#t=3090.0,3120.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/31568/file/100085/transcript/20556/annotation/105","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"big rank. We come in . .\n. I think it must have been a school or a hospital. We saw they tried to give\nthem some food. We throw it out. We said, \"They didn't need no food. They\ndeserve to die just like our brothers did.\" One Russian goes with us, with a\nrevolver. I came in. The SS over there, the big guys with the uniforms still on\nand ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/31568/file/100085#t=3120.0,3150.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/31568/file/100085/transcript/20556/annotation/106","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"everything. I said, \"Grüss Gott.\" Grüss Gott in German, is \"Hello\" or\n\"Goodbye\" . . . like here, \"Hi\" or something. \"Grüss Gott,\" I said, \"Ich bin\nJude. I'm a Jew.\" \"Oh, a Jew,\" he said, \"My best friends were Jews.\" He went to\nschool with one. I said, \"Look, you know Jews don't fight. Germans are good\nfighters, but instead of fighting, they kill for nothing. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/31568/file/100085#t=3150.0,3180.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/31568/file/100085/transcript/20556/annotation/107","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Now you have your\nchance to show that Jews can fight. Only Germans can fight and conquer.\" They\nstopped. They didn't know what to do . . . big guys with the uniform. Yesterday\nhe was the master, he could kill, he could do anything. Now . . . We went on\nthose guys with those pipes. We meant to kill them. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/31568/file/100085#t=3180.0,3210.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/31568/file/100085/transcript/20556/annotation/108","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I was strong and they were\nstrong. The Russians had to stop and say, \"Stalin skazal . . .\" Stalin said we\ncan beat them up but don't kill them. Because they tore up Russia, they have to\nbuild it back. In five, six years, he's going to be dead. It's too good. You\nkill him now, we're going to bury him, and nothing happened.\" ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/31568/file/100085#t=3210.0,3240.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/31568/file/100085/transcript/20556/annotation/109","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"We went to another\none. I'd been over there about . . . two-and-a-half weeks. Every day we came to\nvisit, they brought SD . . . only SD in that place. I got tired of it. I said,\n\"Well, let me go.\" I wouldn't believe that my father was not alive, and my\nmother is not, my brother is not, nobody's alive. I come back to ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/31568/file/100085#t=3240.0,3270.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/31568/file/100085/transcript/20556/annotation/110","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Ozorkow. I\nburied something before we left. I showed my brother, my father . . . even\nthough I was younger, but I was more . . . my brother wasn't so . . . I went to\nthe police. I said, \"I buried something and I heard that the police have to go\nwith me to see ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/31568/file/100085#t=3270.0,3300.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/31568/file/100085/transcript/20556/annotation/111","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"what I can find.\" They said, \"What's your name?\" and I said,\n\"Zychlinski.\" \"Oh, Zychlinski! Who was the guy over there we saw in . . . ?\" I\nsaid, \"This was . . . He was a Communist, so he couldn't get a job. He worked\nfor my uncle. When the Russians came in, he became the commandant of the\npolice.\" ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/31568/file/100085#t=3300.0,3330.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/31568/file/100085/transcript/20556/annotation/112","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"It was very nice. He said they were going to send a couple of guys \"to\nwatch you because somebody . . . if you were going to find something, somebody\nmight want something or whatever.\" I said, \"Okay, but volunteer and give\nsomething to build back Warsaw because Warsaw was all gone.\" I ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/31568/file/100085#t=3330.0,3360.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/31568/file/100085/transcript/20556/annotation/113","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"digged and I\ncouldn't find anything. I found only the Kiddush Bacchus. You want to see it?\n\nEINSTEIN: A little later, yes.\n\nLANSKY: Yes. I got tired of it. There were the Polacks who didn't have coal to\nburn, so they tore up whatever from the house to burn it. I told my friends over\nthere, \"I've got no place ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/31568/file/100085#t=3360.0,3390.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/31568/file/100085/transcript/20556/annotation/114","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"anymore here.\" This was Wednesday. I said, \"Next\nWednesday, I'm leaving.\" Two run away from the Russian army. They got other\nclothes . . . One's in St. Louis now. I spoke to him yesterday. He said that he\nwants to come with me, \"Do you know where you're going?\" I said. \"No, but I know\nI've been in Czechoslovakia. I've been in Germany. What have I got to lose? I'm\nby myself. Nobody's ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/31568/file/100085#t=3390.0,3420.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/31568/file/100085/transcript/20556/annotation/115","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"alive.\" Another guy came, so we been three guys and two\ngirls. We took off. They wanted to know where I am going. I said, \"I don't know\nwhere I'm going. If you want to go, you go. If you don't want to go, stay here.\nI don't want to see no more Poland.\" I went on the railroad. It was the\nbeginning. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/31568/file/100085#t=3420.0,3450.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/31568/file/100085/transcript/20556/annotation/116","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"They weren't sophisticated about . . . to hold you on the border when\nyou approach or whatever. Before you know, two guys--Russians--come over. They\nwant to see papers. Those two guys, they ran away from the Russians. They didn't\nhave no papers, nothing. I look on them, and they both got white. I wasn't\nscared because I didn't know that they could be so bad. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/31568/file/100085#t=3450.0,3480.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/31568/file/100085/transcript/20556/annotation/117","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"When they got close to\nus where we were sitting, the railroad started moving and they jumped off. They\nsaid, \"Who's the boy?\" We settled in Bamberg, about 50 kilometers from\nNuremberg. In ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/31568/file/100085#t=3480.0,3510.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/31568/file/100085/transcript/20556/annotation/118","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Bamberg, we got some places to stay. I didn't go to camp. They had\nthe UNRRA camps. The UNRRA camps, they fed you, but that was private. Did a\nlittle business with the American soldiers. Willie Fisher . . . Fisher Toys . .\n. he was my best friend. He was the musician. I lived across the street from the\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/31568/file/100085#t=3510.0,3540.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/31568/file/100085/transcript/20556/annotation/119","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"American governor, so every morning at 7:00, they woke them up with the band. I\nwas so mad. I said, \"Willie, you wake me up at 7:00?\" He said, \"I don't wake you\nup. I wake up to the government.\" When I came to the United States, he come to\nsee me, and he couldn't believe it. \"Rudi speaks English! Rudi speaks English!\"\nHe had a wife and he was making business. He said he has a wife and a child. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/31568/file/100085#t=3540.0,3570.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/31568/file/100085/transcript/20556/annotation/120","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"In\nBamberg over there . . . I went to Munich. I met over there an aunt. She told me\nwe have some family in camp. \"What was the camp?\" I said. \"Would you like to see\nthem?\" she said. I said, \"Yes, sure. Any family . . . I have nobody.\" ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/31568/file/100085#t=3570.0,3600.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/31568/file/100085/transcript/20556/annotation/121","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I found\nout in no time exactly what happened. In the Lodz ghetto, first was my sister\nand brother . . . my younger brother . . . and they got letters from\nCzestochowa--a city. People wrote that they had gotten to eat and they'd been\ntreated nice. They registered. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/31568/file/100085#t=3600.0,3630.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/31568/file/100085/transcript/20556/annotation/122","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"This way they took him straight to\nAuschwitz-Birkenau. Just fooled him, you see? They told them they fed them and\neverything for a while. Maybe then the other one got Auschwitz-Birkenau, too. I\nwent . . . Feldafing was the camp. This used to be like Miami for the Germans.\nThey put in all those guys from the ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/31568/file/100085#t=3630.0,3660.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/31568/file/100085/transcript/20556/annotation/123","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"camps. I saw Lola . . . saw the sister, the\nbrother. I wasn't used to it . . . a sister, a brother, a father. I said,\n\"What's that?\" When I went, my aunt took me to the railroad. She said, \"When you\ncoming back?\" I said, \"Maybe next month.\" She said, \"Next month? You heard that\nI'm alive and you didn't come.\" I said, \"You're an aunt, but this is a\nsecond-cousin. That's ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/31568/file/100085#t=3660.0,3690.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/31568/file/100085/transcript/20556/annotation/124","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"different.\" \"I see. When are you coming back?\" I said,\n\"Lola . . . it wasn't bad for the cold . . . I saw the face but I didn't see the\nlegs.\" When I came back, Lola said, \"You want to see the legs?\" \"Show me the\nlegs.\" We kid. I went back to Bamberg. She left with the ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/31568/file/100085#t=3690.0,3720.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/31568/file/100085/transcript/20556/annotation/125","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"family. Like I said, in\nabout maybe four or five months I was back in New York. You want to hear in New\nYork what I did?\n\nEINSTEIN: You did not go to Feldafing? You didn't live there?\n\nLANSKY: No, I lived private. It was a time when the ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/31568/file/100085#t=3720.0,3750.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/31568/file/100085/transcript/20556/annotation/126","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Russians, and the Americans,\nthe English and the French, they had the same money. This was for the soldiers.\nThe Russians had, let's say, a cross the Americans had an \"O,\" the English had\nsomething else. Everybody should print so much. The Russians printed, let's say,\none hundred million . . . they printed ten hundred ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/31568/file/100085#t=3750.0,3780.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/31568/file/100085/transcript/20556/annotation/127","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"million. They came to buy\ngold, diamonds, whatever. We went to meet them. In this way I could buy some\ngroceries and I had an apartment for myself. I had a motorcycle. I had an old\ncar. I've got pictures here with ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/31568/file/100085#t=3780.0,3810.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/31568/file/100085/transcript/20556/annotation/128","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"the . . . I didn't want to stay in Germany.\nJust to hear the language and all this is . . . knowing that they killed my\nparents and all the Jews. I didn't know . . . we didn't know it was this bad\nbecause we didn't have so bad like the others, like Auschwitz-Birkenau. There\nwere hundreds of smaller camps. If they brought them to work and they trained\nthem . . . it was ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/31568/file/100085#t=3810.0,3840.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/31568/file/100085/transcript/20556/annotation/129","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"different. Just to tell you how I could make a living . . .\nI'd been there a year-and-a-half. Friday, we went to the synagogue. There was an\nAmerican chaplain. He had to sing with us Ein Keloheinu. This was his favorite.\nHe was a ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/31568/file/100085#t=3840.0,3870.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/31568/file/100085/transcript/20556/annotation/130","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"businessman. He made a lot of money over there--this chaplain--from the\nGreen zone. One day I didn't have what to do. I go to the synagogue. I know that\nI'm going to meet some other Greeno, what you call. When I came over there, we\nstarted talking, \"What do you want to buy?\" Right away they make a little stock\nmarket. They were so young, they remembered what it ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/31568/file/100085#t=3870.0,3900.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/31568/file/100085/transcript/20556/annotation/131","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"is. You could buy dollars.\nThe dollar went up, the dollar went down. They got together and they said,\n\"Let's sell it.\" Another time, \"Let's buy it.\" I see a Jeep comes in over at the\nsynagogue. Two officers . . . maybe a lieutenant or second lieutenant. They had\n. . . the marks who they are. They were dressed different, too. They said,\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/31568/file/100085#t=3900.0,3930.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/31568/file/100085/transcript/20556/annotation/132","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\"Letter! Letter!\" I said, \"You got a letter?\" I couldn't see the letter. I\nwanted to see the letter. They hollered, \"Letter!\" Then more people came over.\nThey surrounded the Jeep. They tried to take off. They took off. They went on\nthe highway. I followed them with a motorcycle. I went in the front and I ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/31568/file/100085#t=3930.0,3960.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/31568/file/100085/transcript/20556/annotation/133","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"told\nthem to stop. What did I have to lose? I stopped and said, \"Letter!\" They want\nsomething. I knew already what they want . . . maybe diamonds, maybe who knows\nwhat. Because the money they got, they sent home. They got $10 for it at home. I\ngave them the Allied Mark. Instead of $10, they could have $100. Then the United\nStates saw was too much coming ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/31568/file/100085#t=3960.0,3990.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/31568/file/100085/transcript/20556/annotation/134","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"in. They figured that the Russians already\nprinted more than they were supposed to. Anyway, they stopped and I said,\n\"Letter! Letter!\" I said, \"Letter! Letter!\" They said, \"A letter costs money!\"\nBut with a hand . . . one spoke a few words of German. They both were not\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/31568/file/100085#t=3990.0,4020.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/31568/file/100085/transcript/20556/annotation/135","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Jewish. They said, \"A letter costs money.\" I said that I wanted to send a\nletter. We couldn't send to the United States a letter at that time because the\npost didn't run . . . only for the soldiers, the American army had. They said,\n\"Money?\" \"Yeah, I got money . . . money.\" They show us to go in the front and\nshow us ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/31568/file/100085#t=4020.0,4050.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/31568/file/100085/transcript/20556/annotation/136","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"where I want them to come. I figured they might arrest me, but what did\nI have to lose? Nobody was going to cry over me. I go with the motorcycle. It\nwas a brand-new Adler. They followed me. When we come up, they sat down, and\nwith the hand, we start talking. I said, \"What do you need?\" They said they\nneeded diamonds. They wanted to buy diamonds. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/31568/file/100085#t=4050.0,4080.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/31568/file/100085/transcript/20556/annotation/137","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"They got dollars for it. They just\nexchanged from the Allied when they were with another bunch of guys. I said,\n\"No, I don't have diamonds, but I have Allied money and I need dollars.\" They\nsaid that they got a friend . . . he came from the United States with dollars.\nThey were going to go down . . . one of them was going to go down and call him\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/31568/file/100085#t=4080.0,4110.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/31568/file/100085/transcript/20556/annotation/138","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"up. Everything with the hand . . . a little, whatever they could. I figured\nmaybe he goes down for the wagon to put me in! No, he came back. He gave me the\naddress. He said, \"About 60 miles from here is a camp for the big Nazis. He is\nwatching them but you can't go to the ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/31568/file/100085#t=4110.0,4140.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/31568/file/100085/transcript/20556/annotation/139","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"camp but there's a little town before the\ncamp. Over there is an office from the United States. You can find out where he\nis and what he is. You should be over there at six o'clock in this restaurant.\"\nI come to the restaurant, it was a little later, and he's not there. Here I got\nAllied money and I didn't know what I was going to do with it. I got to sleep\nsomeplace, so I ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/31568/file/100085#t=4140.0,4170.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/31568/file/100085/transcript/20556/annotation/140","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"asked the guy over there, \"Do you have a place to sleep?\" It was\na restaurant. He said, \"Yes, we have some rooms. People once in a while get in\nit.\" I had the money. I said, \"Where am I going to put the money?\" I put it\naround the leg--if they were going to come for the money, they were going to\nhave to touch . . . open the leg--with a handkerchief or something. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/31568/file/100085#t=4170.0,4200.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/31568/file/100085/transcript/20556/annotation/141","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"In the\nmorning, I get up. I went to the office from the Americans and I told them that\nI got a letter from my cousin, this is his name, and this is his place where he\nis stationed. They said, \"Where's the letter?\" I said, \"I forgot I got to bring\nthe letter. I don't have the letter, but I can give you the name and all, ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/31568/file/100085#t=4200.0,4230.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/31568/file/100085/transcript/20556/annotation/142","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"what\nis written down here.\" It was a German girl that talked to me, and then she\ntalked to the American over there . . . lieutenant or whatever. She came back\nand she was so happy. She'd spoke to the cousin already or somebody who knew the\ncousin. He was going to be here in about a half hour. He came in. We hugged each\nother like we know . . . like a ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/31568/file/100085#t=4230.0,4260.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/31568/file/100085/transcript/20556/annotation/143","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"cousin. We did the business. After this, when I\ncame home, I remembered I'd got already from the . . . some papers to fill out .\n. . I'm going to the United States. I had another guy . . . he sold me some\nwatches from the Swiss. He spoke Yiddish. He probably ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/31568/file/100085#t=4260.0,4290.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/31568/file/100085/transcript/20556/annotation/144","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"came . . . I made good\nfrom the watches, so one day he came over and said, \"Rudi, how much money do you\nhave?\" I said, \"If I would know how much I have, I wouldn't have much. I got\nenough. I don't know exactly.\" He said, \"You give me every penny, and I'm going\nto bring the same watches that I brought you so cheap. It's going to be about\nten days. I'm going to be ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/31568/file/100085#t=4290.0,4320.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/31568/file/100085/transcript/20556/annotation/145","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"back.\" In ten days, he didn't come back. I went to\nlook for him. I saw the soldiers already with different . . . the marks, who\nthey are. I asked them, \"Where is the other one?\" or whatever. \"America,\nAmerica. He went to America.\" I didn't give him all the money. I said, \"I've got\nto do business. I've got to eat.\" But I gave ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/31568/file/100085#t=4320.0,4350.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/31568/file/100085/transcript/20556/annotation/146","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"him so-and-so much and the rest . .\n. if he takes it, he takes it. If not, then I'm going to make some money.\" He\ntook it. I never saw him again. Then I came to the United States.\n\nEINSTEIN: Had you decided to marry Lola by that time?\n\nLANSKY: Yes.\n\nEINSTEIN: You skipped that part. Go back.\n\nLANSKY: With Lola, ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/31568/file/100085#t=4350.0,4380.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/31568/file/100085/transcript/20556/annotation/147","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"in Germany, I came already over to the camp twice. She came\nwith her brother to Bamberg to see what I was doing . . . what I am. She didn't\nknow. She had some friends she'd been in camp with so she went to visit them.\nThey said, \"What are you doing here?\" She said, \"Well, I've got a boyfriend.\nHe's my second-cousin.\" They told us to come ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/31568/file/100085#t=4380.0,4410.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/31568/file/100085/transcript/20556/annotation/148","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"over. They said, \"That guy . . .\nHe's not going to live long. He runs with a motorcycle . . . with the army . . .\nNo, he's going to be killed before you know.\" When she left, we wrote to each\nother. I've still got the letters. I came to the United ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/31568/file/100085#t=4410.0,4440.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/31568/file/100085/transcript/20556/annotation/149","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"States. They put us in\nan old hotel in Manhattan . . . 103, I think it was. It wasn't bad . . .\n\nKENT: Who was it who arranged that?\n\nLANSKY: Probably the HIAS or somebody. I don't know what. We got on the boat, we\ngot five dollars each.\n\nEINSTEIN: Before the interview started, you were telling me a little bit about\nyour boat trip. Can you tell us about ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/31568/file/100085#t=4440.0,4470.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/31568/file/100085/transcript/20556/annotation/150","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that?\n\nLANSKY: The boat was terrible. We went on the boat, we'd been so happy. We'd\nbeen in the Funk Kaserne . . . the German government building. We were singing\nin Yiddish, and Russian, and whatever. A German came over and says, \"What are\nyou so happy about?\" We said, \"We're going to America.\" He said, \"Yes? You see\nhere Hamburg? There's another German who was ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/31568/file/100085#t=4470.0,4500.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/31568/file/100085/transcript/20556/annotation/151","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"in America three times.\" He said,\n\"You want to be in America? You stay here. This is going to be America.\" I said,\n\"An antisemite, why are you telling us this? He said, \"You're going to America.\nEverybody's a millionaire.\" We saw the pictures in Poland from Chicago. We\nthought everybody is underworld, everybody is killing just like you think ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/31568/file/100085#t=4500.0,4530.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/31568/file/100085/transcript/20556/annotation/152","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"in . .\n. They ask me when I go back to Europe . . . An American asked me right when I\ncame here, \"Is there restaurant? Is there something that we can . . .\" I said,\n\"Anything that you have here, you took it from Europe. Even the language is not\nyours, so why are you asking such silly questions?\" Only Thanksgiving is\nAmerican and the Fourth of July. The rest of them . . . Yom Kippur is not\nAmerican! ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/31568/file/100085#t=4530.0,4560.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/31568/file/100085/transcript/20556/annotation/153","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Anyhow, when I come over there, they sent me, I don't know, it was\nHIAS or it was a different organization. I had an appointment a day or two\nlater, maybe three, I don't remember. She asked me what I can do. I said, \"What\nI can do? I can eat.\" She spoke Yiddish, and she said, \"We have a tough time.\nPeople used to come, they used to be tailors, they used to be shoemakers. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/31568/file/100085#t=4560.0,4590.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/31568/file/100085/transcript/20556/annotation/154","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Now\nyou come and you went to camp . . . 10 years old, 12 years old. You don't know\nanything. What are we going to do with you?\" I said, \"You're going to be\nsurprised.\" She said, \"Do you know what is coming to you?\" I said, \"No, I don't\nknow what's coming to us.\" The boat was terrible. They had to put in water in\nthe basement where the food was because they used to bring tanks with ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/31568/file/100085#t=4590.0,4620.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/31568/file/100085/transcript/20556/annotation/155","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"those\nboats. Now the people don't weigh so much. I laid . . . I was sick . . .\neverybody was sick . . . even the one that worked on the boat, they was sick.\nBut the minute we stopped, we got back to normal. She said, \"You need a pair of\nAmerican shoes.\" She said, \"American ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/31568/file/100085#t=4620.0,4650.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/31568/file/100085/transcript/20556/annotation/156","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"shoes.\" They're going to show you pictures?\n\"American shoes and you need this and this . . . Do you smoke?\" I said, \"No, I\nnever smoked.\" She said, \"Never smoke?\" \"No.\" \"Do you drink? Do you read\npapers?\" I said, \"Yes, I can read papers, but I don't understand what I'm\nreading.\" Like you can read Spanish, but you don't know the meaning. She said,\n\"Okay, you're entitled to $400.\" I said, \"All ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/31568/file/100085#t=4650.0,4680.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/31568/file/100085/transcript/20556/annotation/157","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"right.\" I didn't ask for it. I\ndidn't think that I was going to get it. She said, \"Go back. Next week you call\nme. We're going to see about a job.\" I said, \"Okay.\" In the meantime, a guy who\nworked in a factory, he said, \"Listen, the boss is looking for somebody to be a\n. . . presser of this. Come with ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/31568/file/100085#t=4680.0,4710.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/31568/file/100085/transcript/20556/annotation/158","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"me. Maybe someone is going to be hired.\" I\nsaid, \"Okay.\" I went over there. Oy gevalt! Coming from . . . it looked like a\nconcentration camp--this sweatshop. One of them held his head. I said, \"Mister,\nwhy are you holding your head?\" He said, \"What do you mean 'your head?' You\ngreenhorn!\" He said, \"If it wouldn't be for that head, I wouldn't make a few\ndollars more.\" He got high blood pressure. I didn't know what high blood\npressure was, but I still remember that he said he got it, so he hold his ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/31568/file/100085#t=4710.0,4740.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/31568/file/100085/transcript/20556/annotation/159","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"head.\nIn the meantime, he holds his head but he works. Then the presser, no\nair-conditioning . . . the windows are open, but the next building was about 50,\n60 floors high, no air, nothing. Oy gevalt! I said, \"What am I going to do\nhere?\" I come up. The boss told me, \"The presser needs somebody to help him. He\nwants piecework. He's going to pay you, and you're going to make a price with\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/31568/file/100085#t=4740.0,4770.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/31568/file/100085/transcript/20556/annotation/160","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"him.\" Mr. Zinger, I don't remember from yesterday, but I remember. \"Yes, what's\nyour name?\" I said, \"Mr. Zinger, how long have you been working here?\" He said,\n\"Twenty-nine years with press with this . . .\" Oy gevalt! I said, \"Those guys,\nhow could they live like this? This is unbelievable.\" They made about $100, $90,\n$100, but this was ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/31568/file/100085#t=4770.0,4800.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/31568/file/100085/transcript/20556/annotation/161","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"piecework. Whatever you make, that was what you got. I\nstarted working, pressing, and after a day or two, I got swollen here. I'd never\nworked like this with an iron. They all was in the seventies. Everybody was in\ntheir seventies. How do I fit in here? I don't know. Lunchtime, they took out\ntheir teeth. They started cleaning. I saw that! I said, ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/31568/file/100085#t=4800.0,4830.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/31568/file/100085/transcript/20556/annotation/162","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\"This is America? Oy\ngevalt!\" After a few days, I'd say, he gave me, I think, $35 or $40. But it was\nnot eight hours, it was . . . this was all union, it was . . . seven hours . . .\nthree-and-a-half and three-and-a-half, and not a minute later. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/31568/file/100085#t=4830.0,4860.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/31568/file/100085/transcript/20556/annotation/163","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I called them up\nand I said, \"I got me a job. I don't know if I'm going to stay there or . . .\nbecause I don't know . . . I'm not . . . I've got to get used to all that. They\nall rush. Piecework! This is seven hours . . . seven hours, before you know it\nis gone. After three days or four days, I said, \"Mr. Zinger, how long did you\ntell me that you've been working like ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/31568/file/100085#t=4860.0,4890.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/31568/file/100085/transcript/20556/annotation/164","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"this?\" He said, \"Oh! You don't like\nAmerica, huh?\" I said, \"What is there to like? You go home to sleep and you come\nback and . . . no air, no nothing, no air conditioning . . . \" They had a fan,\nbut the fan was even worse. Everything blowed in your mouth. I said, \"I think\nyou going to work a little longer than . . . I got ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/31568/file/100085#t=4890.0,4920.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/31568/file/100085/transcript/20556/annotation/165","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"enough.\" The boss heard me\ntalking. He come over . . . the boss was already, maybe . . . in high seventies.\nHe already shaked. He looked like I'm looking now. He said, \"What's going on\nhere? What's going on here?\" He told him, \"He doesn't like America.\" I said, \"I\ndidn't say I didn't like America. I said I don't like to be a presser.\" ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/31568/file/100085#t=4920.0,4950.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/31568/file/100085/transcript/20556/annotation/166","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"He\nlooked on me, the guy, and said, \"Listen, you're a young guy. I'm old. Maybe you\ncan come over and see what I'm doing. If you can do what I'm doing, you would\nhave a good job here.\" We had a clothing store in Europe. I ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/31568/file/100085#t=4950.0,4980.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/31568/file/100085/transcript/20556/annotation/167","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"know something about\nit, but not the American way. Because this was: the one who pressed, just\npressed; the one who make the seams, make the seams. It was all different. I\nwalked over, and he was a contractor for a jobber. He showed me this is four . .\n. the four you put on this, and you pin it ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/31568/file/100085#t=4980.0,5010.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/31568/file/100085/transcript/20556/annotation/168","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"up. I looked and I tried to do . . .\nlike I did and like he did . . . maybe not in the beginning. But he saw that he\nmight make a mentsch of me. \"How much did he promise you?\" I said, \"He said\n$40.\" He said, \"I'll give you $40 just to watch what I'm doing and what's going\non here.\" It was a factory and there were woman with men. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/31568/file/100085#t=5010.0,5040.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/31568/file/100085/transcript/20556/annotation/169","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Nobody spoke English.\nThere was a few Italians, a few Greeks. Most of them were Jewish people. They\nknow to take the subway to go home and come back. They didn't go no place--no\ncar, no nothing. I looked on Manhattan . . . everybody asked me, \"How do you\nlike it?\" I said, \"I need this one job! What I need all those buildings? I'd\nrather have fresh air.\" \"So you don't ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/31568/file/100085#t=5040.0,5070.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/31568/file/100085/transcript/20556/annotation/170","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"like America?\" I said, \"This is America?\nThis is not America. This is New York. There must be places that is nice.\"\nComing from a little town and here it is so . . . I called up the social worker\nand I said, \"The boss took me on his side. He gave me a table and he told me to\nwatch what he's doing. If I can take over, ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/31568/file/100085#t=5070.0,5100.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/31568/file/100085/transcript/20556/annotation/171","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I can make a nice living.\" She\nstarted laughing. \"People are coming from the other side and they don't have\njobs. You come over here and say, 'I don't know, but this is a job? Am I going\nto like it? Are you going to like it?\" But I don't have much choice. I'll do the\nbest I can. She said, \"Next week, call me.\" I called her. I said, \"He said he's\ngoing to give me $50. She laughed. She said, ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/31568/file/100085#t=5100.0,5130.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/31568/file/100085/transcript/20556/annotation/172","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\"If you should fall out, need a job\nor something, anything, just call me. This is my name, this is my . . .\" Very\nnice. Before you know, he saw that I was taking over. He started giving me\nanother few dollars, and before you know, he came over late already . . . he\nsaid, \"Rubin, you don't need me, do you?\" I said, \"What do you ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/31568/file/100085#t=5130.0,5160.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/31568/file/100085/transcript/20556/annotation/173","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"mean, I don't\nneed you? Without you, I wouldn't know what to do.\" He said, \"Don't tell me.\nYou're joking. You know what you're doing.\" At that time, can you imagine? They\nworked five days . . . seven hours. I worked whatever was needed, because when\nthey come in tomorrow, there had to be everything for them to sew and operate,\nwhatever. Before you know, ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/31568/file/100085#t=5160.0,5190.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/31568/file/100085/transcript/20556/annotation/174","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I got $200 a week. Lola went in a place to work, and\nthe boss was . . . So Fridays, she didn't work. She make the Shabbos meal for\nthe brother and this . . . She make $100 in four days . . . piecework--she make\n40 skirts a day. Not make ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/31568/file/100085#t=5190.0,5220.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/31568/file/100085/transcript/20556/annotation/175","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"altogether, just to operate, and then the pressing,\nthe finish work, whatever. With $300, we needed about $30, because an apartment\nwas $42 or $43, with the heat on Broadway. I said, \"Lola, we've got to save\nmoney. I'm going into ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/31568/file/100085#t=5220.0,5250.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/31568/file/100085/transcript/20556/annotation/176","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"business.\" Before you know, I was already there about\ntwo-and-a-half years, maybe a little more. He went to Miami. He gave me his\nhouse on Coney Island, to stay on Coney Island over there. I had a good time. He\nknew that he could depend on me.\n\nKENT: What was his ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/31568/file/100085#t=5250.0,5280.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/31568/file/100085/transcript/20556/annotation/177","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"name, by the way?\n\nLANSKY: Kaplan. One day I took a drink of water, and we had a chairman . . . he\nwas from the union. He said he when to stop, to cut off, to make the light out.\nYou couldn't do anything . . . seven hours. The boss tells me, \"Rubin, you don't\ntake enough money.\" Rubin heard ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/31568/file/100085#t=5280.0,5310.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/31568/file/100085/transcript/20556/annotation/178","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"this. The boss was. He comes over and said,\n\"Rubin, did I hear something like I think I heard or was I dreaming? Because the\nold man, he fights with us for every penny with the union. The union makes . . .\nbetween him and the union, they make a price: how much a seam, how much this . .\n. \" I said, \"What did you hear?\" \"I think I hear him say that you don't get\nenough money.\" I said, ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/31568/file/100085#t=5310.0,5340.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/31568/file/100085/transcript/20556/annotation/179","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\"Yes, that's what he said.\" \"You don't know,\" he said,\n\"This is woman's stuff. This is . . . he needs you. Since you come over, he goes\non vacation, he comes in late, he goes home . . . He never had it so good.\" I\nsaid, \"Yes.\" He said, \"So what did you say?\" \"I said, 'All right, give me cash.\nOne hundred dollars every Friday.'\" He said, 'Okay.'\" I make ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/31568/file/100085#t=5340.0,5370.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/31568/file/100085/transcript/20556/annotation/180","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"$300! Would you\nbelieve that? All of the sudden, they brought over camel hair and cattle hair\nsuits to make. There was a time . . . that was very modern years ago . . . I\ndon't know if you remember, you were too young. I started coughing. I coughed\nand before you knew it, I couldn't stay on my legs. I told the boss, ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/31568/file/100085#t=5370.0,5400.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/31568/file/100085/transcript/20556/annotation/181","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\"I don't\nknow what happened to me. All of the sudden, I'm coughing . . .\" He said,\n\"You've been in camp, you're a little mixed up.\" I said, \"No, if I would be\nmixed up, I wouldn't be here. I'm here because I was not mixed up.\" He said,\n\"What is it?\" I said, \"I don't know what it is, but I can't . . .\" On the other\nhand, I said, \"Where I going to go? I'm going to go work in the grocery? Fifty\ndollars? I'm going to work as a painter? It's maybe $60. But not that kind of\nmoney, ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/31568/file/100085#t=5400.0,5430.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/31568/file/100085/transcript/20556/annotation/182","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"not the hours!\" One day, I opened the window and I start putting my head\nout to get some air. Lola heard it. She said, \"You're not going back. You can't\ncatch air,\" and all this. I told my boss, \"I have to quit. I've got no other\nchoice because . . .\" \"No,\" he ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/31568/file/100085#t=5430.0,5460.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/31568/file/100085/transcript/20556/annotation/183","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"said, \"There's some psychiatrists . . .\" He\nwanted me to go to a psychiatrist. I said, \"I told you, there's nothing wrong\nwith me. I came over here strong and everything.\" They sent me to a doctor. The\ndoctor gave me about a hundred scratches. They told me, \"You have to quit.\nYou're allergic to it.\" So I quit. Where did you get a job like this? Somebody\ngoing to give me $100? It was peanuts to what I ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/31568/file/100085#t=5460.0,5490.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/31568/file/100085/transcript/20556/annotation/184","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"made. I went to the union. I\nsaid, \"Maybe I'm going to go in another place.\" On Fifth Avenue, was a big house\nover there that had 13 designers. They make for the fire department, for the\npolice, for everything . . . a whole building . . . 500 Fifth Avenue. I come\nover and ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/31568/file/100085#t=5490.0,5520.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/31568/file/100085/transcript/20556/annotation/185","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"after a week or two, I stopped coughing. I was okay. The same thing . .\n. all people . . . Greeks, and Turks, and who knows what. Most of them were\nJews. But the price wasn't $300. It was $150. It was not seven hours. It was\nwhat was needed. If you needed another hour, it was the same ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/31568/file/100085#t=5520.0,5550.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/31568/file/100085/transcript/20556/annotation/186","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"price. If you have\nto come in Saturday or so, it was still $150. One hundred fifty dollars was a\nlot of money. If I would tell somebody what I was making over there at that\ntime, nobody would have believed me. It took a few weeks and I started coughing\nagain. I said, \"Now I've got to go.\" I spoke over there to the foreman . . . he\nwas over us . . . ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/31568/file/100085#t=5550.0,5580.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/31568/file/100085/transcript/20556/annotation/187","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"it was a big place, unbelievable . . . for the Red Cross, for\neverything. The guy who was over us took me around. He said, \"Rubin, don't\nquit.\" I said, \"Why do you say that? I'm getting sick. What can I do?\" He said,\n\"I'm retiring next year and they're all in their ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/31568/file/100085#t=5580.0,5610.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/31568/file/100085/transcript/20556/annotation/188","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"seventies. You're going to have\nmy place.\" I said, \"Yeah, it's okay.\" That guy made . . . I don't know how much\nhe make. We had 50 contractors in New Jersey. He was the one who had the less\nwork . . . to send back the work or to let it go. I just had to say what is\nwrong and make a mark where I see that it was ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/31568/file/100085#t=5610.0,5640.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/31568/file/100085/transcript/20556/annotation/189","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"wrong. For a contractor to give\nhim a few thousand dollars was nothing to it, because when he sends it back and\nthey have to go over it, it cost a lot of money. \"Now,\" I said, \"What I going to\ndo now? I know what he's talking about. He didn't tell me that he gets money.\"\nHe said, \"But you don't know what you're missing. I'm retiring. I see you're a\nyoung guy, and you're going to be the ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/31568/file/100085#t=5640.0,5670.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/31568/file/100085/transcript/20556/annotation/190","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"one.\" We had to move from Manhattan\nbecause the schools were no good. Maury had to stop going to school. So we came\nhere to Atlanta to see what's going on . . . to Maury.\n\nKENT: What year was that?\n\nLANSKY: 1953. I came to Atlanta.\n\nEINSTEIN: Why Atlanta?\n\nLANSKY: I had here my cousin, Marty Storch and ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/31568/file/100085#t=5670.0,5700.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/31568/file/100085/transcript/20556/annotation/191","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Jack . . . they came because they\nhad an uncle here . . . second uncle. We said, \"We have to move anyways, so why\nnot move me here? Why live on Broadway over there?\" So we moved over here. Here\nI had a grocery . . . the grocery, you could make a living . . . people thought\nyou have a grocery and said, \"You're a millionaire!\"\n\nEINSTEIN: Where was the grocery?\n\nLANSKY: I ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/31568/file/100085#t=5700.0,5730.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/31568/file/100085/transcript/20556/annotation/192","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"had in East Point, I had one and then I had it on Forest Avenue.\nAnother one I bought and then when I worked it up a little, I sold it. But it\nwas not what I was looking for . . . a grocery. I couldn't believe it, that I\ncan stay in a grocery. You got to get up at six o'clock to go in the market. It\nwas not like now where they deliver to you.\n\nKENT: Did you have any particular ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/31568/file/100085#t=5730.0,5760.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/31568/file/100085/transcript/20556/annotation/193","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"expectations before the war about what you\nwere going to do as an adult?\n\nLANSKY: Before the war?\n\nKENT: What was your expectation of what you wanted to go into?\n\nLANSKY: Like what we did. We had a clothing store. I probably would have wound\nup with something in the clothing store. It was not like here--the father's a\nshoemaker and the son is a lawyer or a ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/31568/file/100085#t=5760.0,5790.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/31568/file/100085/transcript/20556/annotation/194","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"doctor. Your grandfather lived here, and\nyou lived here, and then the children . . . it was like . . . here it was the\nsame thing. By the way, all of my uncles were in the United States, and they\ncame back to the shtetl. They had it much better in the shtetl than was the\nDepression . . . they couldn't get any jobs. They asked them, \"How come? Where\nare the rest of them? Where is Moishe? Where is--\" My uncles said, \"They didn't\nhave money to come back.\" They asked, \"How did you come back?\" He said, ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/31568/file/100085#t=5790.0,5820.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/31568/file/100085/transcript/20556/annotation/195","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\"We\nworked one day here, another over there. We slept in the park, so it didn't cost\nus nothing.\" They came back. At that time, when you're young, yes, you think\nwhat you're going to do. But I was good on it. My father could depend on me. He\ncould leave and I knew what it is and how to sell.\n\nKENT: During that phase when you were still in New ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/31568/file/100085#t=5820.0,5850.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/31568/file/100085/transcript/20556/annotation/196","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"York, what was the Jewish\npart of your life like? Did you and Lola get into that culture much?\n\nLANSKY: No, you couldn't get into . . . with the American, you mean?\n\nKENT: Yes.\n\nLANSKY: No, we were greenhorns. The greenhorns are dummies. They didn't know\nwhat I went through. As a matter of fact, we lived here in Rock Spring. All the\nJews lived here in Rock Spring. The one who had to pay . . . the rent, at that\ntime, was ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/31568/file/100085#t=5850.0,5880.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/31568/file/100085/transcript/20556/annotation/197","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"$105. One hundred five dollars was a lot of money. I had here my\nfriends, they worked for $25 a week. Here in Atlanta, there was no union, no\nnothing. But I had a doctor in my house, a Jewish guy--he's still alive--and two\nother Jews. I was the fourth Jew. Those three got together and they bought a\nlittle swimming ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/31568/file/100085#t=5880.0,5910.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/31568/file/100085/transcript/20556/annotation/198","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"pool for the children. It maybe cost $5 or $10, I don't know.\nOne came in and told me to take my son out because he don't belong there. This\nwas for Americans. Yes, I still don't talk to him. I see him and I see her, and\nthat's the way it is. I didn't blame him. He wanted to be with his ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/31568/file/100085#t=5910.0,5940.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/31568/file/100085/transcript/20556/annotation/199","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"own. We\ndidn't speak English. Lola spoke already. She learned in Germany. She took\nlessons. But I went to school a few nights. There was Jewish teacher and every\ntime he started singing, \"G-d Bless America.\" He spoke some Yiddish. He was a\nbachelor. I said, \"Can you tell me how I'm going to make a living from 'G-d\nBless America'? Every ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/31568/file/100085#t=5940.0,5970.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/31568/file/100085/transcript/20556/annotation/200","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"minute you start off with 'G-d Bless America.'\" He said,\n\"You pay me?\" I said, \"No.\" \"The government tells me to teach you how to sing\n'G-d Bless America.'\" I said, \"The heck with it. I've got to learn English some.\nI'm not going to be a scientist or anything like that.\"\n\nKENT: After that first $400, did you ever get any other help from any other\nagency . . .\n\nLANSKY: ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/31568/file/100085#t=5970.0,6000.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/31568/file/100085/transcript/20556/annotation/201","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Never. I didn't need it. I could give them. You know what I mean? We\nneeded about $30, $35, maybe. We didn't have no telephone because there was\nnobody to talk to. We didn't know anybody. Now my grandchildren, every week they\nhave a bar mitzvah. Every week from the . . . We didn't have no bar ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/31568/file/100085#t=6000.0,6030.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/31568/file/100085/transcript/20556/annotation/202","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"mitzvahs, no\nweddings. Before you know it, we started having parties, bar mitzvahs. We got\ntogether . . . only the greenhorn. We said, \"What you doing?\" We socialized. But\nwith the American, we couldn't . . . we didn't have anything in common. I don't\nblame them. They were talk about the colleges and ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/31568/file/100085#t=6030.0,6060.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/31568/file/100085/transcript/20556/annotation/203","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"we would talk about the\nconcentration camps. This was a little bit different. But even in the camps, the\nGerman Jews didn't get along with the Polish Jews. The Polish Jews didn't get\nalong with the Hungarian Jews. The Hungarian Jews didn't get along with who\nknows. Even here, I heard before the war, Ashkenazi would not marry a Sephardic.\nThat's the way it is . . . Just like I told the guy that I worked in the ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/31568/file/100085#t=6060.0,6090.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/31568/file/100085/transcript/20556/annotation/204","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"German\nkitchen. He was a middle-aged guy. He talked with me openly. \"The war is already\ngone,\" he said, \"We can't win it. It's so cold, they freeze, they can't fight.\"\nI told him--Paul was his name . . . I said, \"Paul, after this war, there\nwouldn't be any war. Look at what's going on here.\" People . . . we saw them\ngoing through from the ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/31568/file/100085#t=6090.0,6120.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/31568/file/100085/transcript/20556/annotation/205","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"front. Children, fifteen years . . . they told us to\nclean out . . . they were crying. They had . . . the radios on to make them feel\ngood. What did they know about war? They sent them over there. I said, \"After\nthis war, what I'm seeing now, there wouldn't be any more war.\" He laughed, \"Two\npeople get together, and they kiss each other, and hug each other, and have\nchildren together. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/31568/file/100085#t=6120.0,6150.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/31568/file/100085/transcript/20556/annotation/206","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Before you know it, it's a fight.\" He said, \"Do you want\npeace?\" I said, \"Everybody wants peace.\" \"Leave one. If gonna be two people on\nearth, it's gonna to be fights.\" I still remember what he told me and this is so\ntrue. He say, \"Leave one because two is gonna be fights.\" The grocery was no big\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/31568/file/100085#t=6150.0,6180.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/31568/file/100085/transcript/20556/annotation/207","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"deal . . . long hours . . .\n\nEINSTEIN: What was the name of the grocery?\n\nLANSKY: Albert's Grocery. It was Albert Lavinger who sold it to me. You knew\nabout Albert Lavinger? No? He bought some groceries in the . . . stolen\ngroceries. The detectives put it in for him. He built up and then he sold. That\nwas his habit. He was a good ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/31568/file/100085#t=6180.0,6210.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/31568/file/100085/transcript/20556/annotation/208","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"guy, but he had to buy hot stuff.\n\nKENT: How did you like Atlanta after being in New York? The culture, the\nmentality . . .\n\nLANSKY: I like better here . . . over here . . . especial if you want to have\nsome children. You could drive the car. In New York, you went to Brooklyn, it\nwas a day. To the Bronx, you've got to go the bridge. Who knows how long you\nhave to ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/31568/file/100085#t=6210.0,6240.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/31568/file/100085/transcript/20556/annotation/209","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"wait. Here there are no bridges, no nothing. You could go to ten places\nin one day . . . at that time, not now. Now it's like New York. You've been in\nNew York? All right, it was easy, maybe, to get that job over there, and not\nnow. Now Atlanta is just like any big place. It's not what it used to be. But I\nliked it ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/31568/file/100085#t=6240.0,6270.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/31568/file/100085/transcript/20556/annotation/210","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"because you felt that you were breathing free. Over there, you've been\nfree, but subways and everything . . . In the beginning, I said, \"How am I going\nto make that?\" But when I came here, I had a grocery . . . you got to stay\ntwelve hours. Saturday until ten o'clock. Sunday, Lola picked me up . . . we\nwent to the beach for a few hours . . . two o'clock, she picked me ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/31568/file/100085#t=6270.0,6300.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/31568/file/100085/transcript/20556/annotation/211","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"up. But\neverybody had a grocery, so if everybody had a grocery, it's not so bad, so\nyou're going to have one, too. I've been 18 years in the grocery. But getting\nrich in the grocery? No way, no. You can make another few dollars, but . . . So\nI start . . . we had some tenants ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/31568/file/100085#t=6300.0,6330.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/31568/file/100085/transcript/20556/annotation/212","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"in Ozorkow. I knew a little about it. I wanted\nto go into real estate. In East Point, over there was a bank . . . Hapeville . .\n. not far from East Point. The building we'd been in was a barber and a beauty\nparlor and a washitarium. No air ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/31568/file/100085#t=6330.0,6360.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/31568/file/100085/transcript/20556/annotation/213","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"conditioning, plain building. It was about,\nmaybe, five years old, maybe a little more. I told the girls over there, \"I want\nto see the president.\" They said, \"What do you want us to do with the\npresident?\" I said, \"Well, he owns a building that I rent, and I want to buy\nit.\" She asked me the ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/31568/file/100085#t=6360.0,6390.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/31568/file/100085/transcript/20556/annotation/214","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"name. I told her my name, gave her the telephone. It took\nabout a week, maybe a little more. I got an appointment. I came in and I told\nhim, \"You're my landlord. I live in . . . I've got a grocery in your building.\"\n\"Yes, what can I do for you?\" I said, \"I want to buy the building.\" He said, \"Do\nyou have enough ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/31568/file/100085#t=6390.0,6420.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/31568/file/100085/transcript/20556/annotation/215","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"money?\" I said, \"No, I don't have enough money, but I gonna give\nyou a down payment. If I don't pay, you take it back, and you're going to have\nmy money, and you're going to have the building.\" He said, \"Ah, so you know how\nit works.\" I said, \"Yes, it's just like anything else. You pay it off, it's\nyours. You don't pay it off, you take it back.\" He said, \"I'm going to give you\na loan. Let's just talk later on about a ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/31568/file/100085#t=6420.0,6450.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/31568/file/100085/transcript/20556/annotation/216","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"price. I worked in a bank in Chicago. I\nhave people coming from East Europe, and they got loans. I didn't lose one\npenny. If they couldn't make it until seven o'clock, six o'clock, they made it\nten o'clock. If this was not enough, they took their grandma in to help. There's\nno question that you come from the right ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/31568/file/100085#t=6450.0,6480.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/31568/file/100085/transcript/20556/annotation/217","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"place, that people like to have a good\nname, and this is more than anything.\" Then we started bargaining . . . so much.\nAnyway, I bought it. After this, every time he saw me in the bank over there in\nHapeville, he'd say, \"Rubin, why don't you get some more money? Can't you buy\nsomething . . . we're going to do business?\" I said, \"I never like to take a\nmouth more than I can swallow. I'm going to pay this off . . . not all the ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/31568/file/100085#t=6480.0,6510.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/31568/file/100085/transcript/20556/annotation/218","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"way .\n. . then I'm going to get something else. But right now, I don't want to do it.\"\nHe had the mortgage on a house and he foreclosed the guy. The guy came in and\nshot him, but he had the glasses here. The glasses saved him. He still had to go\ninto the hospital and be operated on, but the bullet didn't go far ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/31568/file/100085#t=6510.0,6540.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/31568/file/100085/transcript/20556/annotation/219","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"enough to\nkill him. He said, \"You see? A guy . . . I lend him the money, he came over and\nshot me.\" What was his name? I forgot. The people who came before me make the\nname for me. Right away, he said, \"You're from Eastern Europe, you're going to\nget ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/31568/file/100085#t=6540.0,6570.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/31568/file/100085/transcript/20556/annotation/220","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"it.\" Then I sold it. I bought something else and, somehow, made a living.\n\nKENT: What was Lola doing throughout these years, just to get a sense of her life?\n\nLANSKY: Lola, first of all, she had two children. She came in about twice a week\nto the grocery. She wasn't physical . . . with a grocery, you have to schlep you\nhave to . . . ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/31568/file/100085#t=6570.0,6600.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/31568/file/100085/transcript/20556/annotation/221","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"twice a week I went home or I went . . . I had already an\napartments. I had to go to the apartments. I had to furnish . . . I couldn't\nrent them . . . I had to furnish them. To furnish an apartment was some job. A\nguy comes in, he wants a single bed. Then he leaves, he takes the toothbrush. He\nleaves and you need another tenant. The other tenant comes with a wife; he wants\na double bed. In ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/31568/file/100085#t=6600.0,6630.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/31568/file/100085/transcript/20556/annotation/222","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"special, when you had a few girls moving in a two bedrooms,\nlike three or four. I knew there was going to be a fight. They broke everything.\nThey're terrible. The men, the boys got along much better than the girls. Can\nyou believe that? I keep on, and now my son is with me and my son-in-law is with\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/31568/file/100085#t=6630.0,6660.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/31568/file/100085/transcript/20556/annotation/223","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"me. They got the college and I got the know-how. Just like somebody asked in the\nnewspaper, \"What is a limited partnership?\" You know what a limited partnership is?\n\nKENT: I've heard the term.\n\nLANSKY: You don't know? You're a greeno? A limited partnership, they take a guy\nwho doesn't have anything, and they are responsible ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/31568/file/100085#t=6660.0,6690.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/31568/file/100085/transcript/20556/annotation/224","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"for the whole loan, whatever\nit is. The other ones can just lose what they putting in. They putting in\n$50,000. After the year . . . depends who is president . . . you get back maybe\nmore than the $50,000 in depreciation. It depends how much you make. You can\ntake off from ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/31568/file/100085#t=6690.0,6720.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/31568/file/100085/transcript/20556/annotation/225","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"nothing. I had an experience the first time: I had 150 units on\nRoswell here. A guy came over. He was looking for a place like this. He wants to\nbuy it. I had it about a year and a half or something. I said, \"You want to buy\nit?\" He said, \"Yes.\" I said, \"You going to give me profit?\" He said, \"Sure.\" He\ngave me a book to study what is a limited ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/31568/file/100085#t=6720.0,6750.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/31568/file/100085/transcript/20556/annotation/226","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"partnership. Then I saw in the\nnewspapers somebody asked a real estate man, \"What is a limited partnership?\" \"A\nlimited partnership,\" he said, \"one guy got the knowledge, the other guy got the\nmoney. After a year or two, the one who had the knowledge has the money, and the\none who had the money has the knowledge.\" You understand what I'm saying? This\nis the limited ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/31568/file/100085#t=6750.0,6780.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/31568/file/100085/transcript/20556/annotation/227","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"partnership. Little by little, I got education from the guys that\ncome to buy or to sell. I bought some land in Gwinnett. The same thing. I wanted\nsomebody to come in with me so we could buy a bigger piece. They said, \"You are\na greeno. What do you know about the United States? I am born here. I wouldn't\neven ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/31568/file/100085#t=6780.0,6810.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/31568/file/100085/transcript/20556/annotation/228","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"go over there to look on them!\" Then he say, \"When do you think we're going\nto make a profit?\" I said, \"I spoke to a scientist. He told me that Gwinnett\nstill virgin land. The land is about 16 million years old. If we make an\ninvestment here, 100 years is nothing.\" \"You think 100 years we've got to wait?\"\nI said, \"I didn't say you had to wait 100 years. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/31568/file/100085#t=6810.0,6840.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/31568/file/100085/transcript/20556/annotation/229","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Maybe you're going to have to\nwait 200 years, and maybe you're going to wait ten years. Nobody knows.\" This\nwas my experience. We enjoy the United States, like everybody else. Some people\ntook longer, but as an average, I would say that we did better than the average American.\n\nKENT: Talk about your family ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/31568/file/100085#t=6840.0,6870.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/31568/file/100085/transcript/20556/annotation/230","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"life also: your wife, your kids . . .\n\nLANSKY: In Europe or here?\n\nKENT: Here. What was it like raising a family, being a father?\n\nLANSKY: It just comes naturally. You become a father and the baby cries, you've\ngot to clean it or you've got to feed it. I didn't see much of my children\nbecause when I was in the grocery, I came home late. That's why Lola left ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/31568/file/100085#t=6870.0,6900.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/31568/file/100085/transcript/20556/annotation/231","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"them\nwith a maid. I went home for a few hours to eat with the children twice a week.\nThis was about all . . . like Saturday, Sunday, we went to the beach . . . I saw\nthem. But some people need parents everywhere they go. Like Maury, he needed the\nparents but Karen was born ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/31568/file/100085#t=6900.0,6930.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/31568/file/100085/transcript/20556/annotation/232","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"independent. Knowledge is one thing. To be born . . .\nwhat they say is 'street smart,' and then there's 'school smart.' You can be a\ndoctor and be not with everything. Like I had a doctor when I first came here .\n. . it was unbelievable how he become a doctor, but he had a good mind to ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/31568/file/100085#t=6930.0,6960.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/31568/file/100085/transcript/20556/annotation/233","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"learn.\n\nKENT: Were you aware of raising your children with any particular values,\nconsidering your past?\n\nLANSKY: I didn't talk to them much about what I went through because they\nwouldn't understand. Just like I didn't understand when my father spoke to me\nand he said, \"You don't know what we had to go through in World War I. We didn't\nhave enough bread. We didn't have enough this . . . You have it ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/31568/file/100085#t=6960.0,6990.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/31568/file/100085/transcript/20556/annotation/234","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"very good. This\nis a free country. You can do what you wanted,\" and all this. He didn't know\nwhat was waiting for us. The same thing now. It's going to be somebody who was\ngoing to throw the atom bomb. It might not be here, it might be in India, or\nPakistan, Kazakhstan . . . They got so many places that they're fighting. It's\nworse now than before the war. Everybody wants to kill.\n\nKENT: How would you say that ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/31568/file/100085#t=6990.0,7020.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/31568/file/100085/transcript/20556/annotation/235","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"survivors were different from other Americans at\nthat time? When everybody's earning a living, how are you different?\n\nLANSKY: How we've been different?\n\nKENT: Yes, when you say, 'How could they understand us? They're talking college,\nwe're talking concentration camps.'\n\nLANSKY: Yes . . .\n\nKENT: How would you say you were different?\n\nLANSKY: Like Lola, she played cards with some American girls that she knew ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/31568/file/100085#t=7020.0,7050.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/31568/file/100085/transcript/20556/annotation/236","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"from\nORT. She was the secretary. That's why I could buy some property . . . everybody\nsent the money in here. She was busy with the Hemshech. If it wouldn't have been\nfor her, there wouldn't be the monument out there in the Greenwood Cemetery.\nComing twice a week for about four hours or something . . . then it's a job\nraising children. I don't have to tell you, you're probably a father.\n\nKENT: You mentioned that monument. Can you ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/31568/file/100085#t=7050.0,7080.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/31568/file/100085/transcript/20556/annotation/237","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"tell a little more about that--the\nmonument--of how that came to be built?\n\nLANSKY: The monument . . . was a lawyer here, a greeno . . . just so you know\nwhat I'm talking about. He got together with Lola that we're going to build a\nmonument. But we didn't know where to build it. Some of them wanted to build it\nin front of the Community Center. We said, \"The Community Center? Maybe one day\nthey're going to raze it,\" because ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/31568/file/100085#t=7080.0,7110.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/31568/file/100085/transcript/20556/annotation/238","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Jewish populations started coming in . . .\nwhich they did. Another one said here, maybe there. We agreed on the cemetery\nwas going to be there . . . the cemetery's not going anyplace.\n\nEINSTEIN: Why did you want to build it?\n\nLANSKY: We wanted to have the names over there in a place, once a year, to go\nand remember them. We ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/31568/file/100085#t=7110.0,7140.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/31568/file/100085/transcript/20556/annotation/239","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"said that we were not going to take money from anybody but\nfrom our own to build it. We didn't. They didn't. Maybe they offered, but we\nsaid, \"No, we've got to do it ourselves.\" Lola--before she died--it started\nfalling a little apart so we paid about $25,000 to $30,000 to fix it. Again, we\ndidn't know. Most of the people, ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/31568/file/100085#t=7140.0,7170.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/31568/file/100085/transcript/20556/annotation/240","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"especially in Detroit, Miami, and the big\ncities, they did very good. I have a landsman. He was nine years old when the\nwar broke out. He has a hotel now next to Rockefeller Center. He comes here . .\n. he's going to have the . . . every time I have a bar mitzvah . . . something .\n. . all the Ozokowers who are still alive, they get together . . . this was the\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/31568/file/100085#t=7170.0,7200.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/31568/file/100085/transcript/20556/annotation/241","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"family. He got married in New York or he had a bar mitzvah or something, they\nall flew in from Israel, from Los Angeles, or from Sweden, from everywhere. This\nwas the family.\n\nKENT: You mentioned at the very beginning, before we started, that survivors are\nlargely dying off now . . . you just started to mention that. What does that do\nto you?\n\nLANSKY: Nothing. I never thought they were gonna ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/31568/file/100085#t=7200.0,7230.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/31568/file/100085/transcript/20556/annotation/242","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"live . . . I'm going to be 82\nyears old. I still can walk, and see, and hear, so I'm not going to complain.\n\nEINSTEIN: I just wanted to follow up on what you just said. The Ozorkowers, did\nthey become your extended family in a way . . .\n\nLANSKY: Yes.\n\nEINSTEIN: . . . with your children? Can you talk about that a little bit about .\n. .\n\nLANSKY: No, the children in New York, they intermarried, but not in Atlanta. In\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/31568/file/100085#t=7230.0,7260.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/31568/file/100085/transcript/20556/annotation/243","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Atlanta, they were spread out. Like, I lived in Rock Spring. Another one lived\nin Marietta. It depends on where he got the grocery. I had to be closer to the\ngrocery. But in that time, was no big deal driving because wasn't so many cars.\nLike now, I say, \"I'm going to be there in a half hour.\" Maybe an hour and a\nhalf is more likely!\n\nEINSTEIN: I guess what I meant to say was, when you were raising your children\nwithout grandparents, did some of the ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/31568/file/100085#t=7260.0,7290.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/31568/file/100085/transcript/20556/annotation/244","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"other people that you knew here, that were\nsurvivors also, become your family in a way, for your children?\n\nLANSKY: Yes.\n\nEINSTEIN: Like who were you close with?\n\nLANSKY: My daughter, she knows all the . . . They died out. There are few left.\nThe ones left . . . years ago you could make from two greeno, one. Now you need\nfour greenhorns to make one, because one doesn't hear, one doesn't see, one\ncan't work . . .\n\nKENT: Who were your main friends throughout that ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/31568/file/100085#t=7290.0,7320.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/31568/file/100085/transcript/20556/annotation/245","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"period?\n\nLANSKY: Harold Hersch was a survivor. His wife is American-born. Abe Besser, and\nUlman, all the people who've been . . . just like you've been in the army and\nyou belong to . . . even if you didn't know him then. But he was in the army and\nyou were in the army, you've got something in ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/31568/file/100085#t=7320.0,7350.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/31568/file/100085/transcript/20556/annotation/246","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"common. Maybe your rifle was\nbigger or smaller or could shoot farther or whatever, but you've got in common .\n. .\n\nKENT: Who built this house?\n\nLANSKY: We did.\n\nKENT: Wasn't it . . .\n\nEINSTEIN: The design that . . .\n\nLANSKY: He . . . what's the name that . . . Ben Hirsch.\n\nKENT: How did that come about? He was one of the earlier survivors in Atlanta.\n\nLANSKY: Yes, he was a child. The mother just put him on the train. She didn't\nknow where they were going, \"Just ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/31568/file/100085#t=7350.0,7380.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/31568/file/100085/transcript/20556/annotation/247","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"go! Go away from here!\" But they all did good.\nYes, he designed it. At that time was so high. Lola came in, and we didn't have\nany furniture. She said, \"I'm not moving in here.\" I said, \"I sold the old\nhouse! What do you mean you're not going to move in here? We're going to put in\nfurniture.\" Anything that we brought in didn't match . . . in the old house we\nhad a little chair . . . All right, listen to ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/31568/file/100085#t=7380.0,7410.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/31568/file/100085/transcript/20556/annotation/248","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"this: we're here on a long\nvacation. You're talking about death. Everybody has to die. It's not that some\npeople die younger, some older, but as a whole that . . . I don't know if it's a\nblessing--living long--or if it's a curse. We had somebody in our town, there\nwas a butcher . . . ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/31568/file/100085#t=7410.0,7440.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/31568/file/100085/transcript/20556/annotation/249","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Brand was his name. I remember from so many years. On\nShabbos you went to the synagogue. He had a cane. The rabbi let him make an eruv\nso he can walk with a cane. You know what an eruv is? So he can hold something.\nOtherwise he can only hold the siddur in the . . . He knocked on the door for\nthe children to come out. When we came out, he gave cookies. He ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/31568/file/100085#t=7440.0,7470.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/31568/file/100085/transcript/20556/annotation/250","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"gave . . . to be\nremembered . . . He is remembered. We talk about him. My mother said, \"Reb\nShimsom, how are you?\" \"Oh,\" he said, \"Somebody cost me. I'd like to know who\ncost me. Nobody should live 100 years. I can hear good, I can see good, I can .\n. .\" He told me what, \"Nobody . . . this is a ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/31568/file/100085#t=7470.0,7500.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/31568/file/100085/transcript/20556/annotation/251","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"curse.\" Nobody he knew, he said,\nis alive. Everybody is dead . . . all the friends, all the . . . so it sounds\ngood, you should live to 120 years. But I don't think . . .\n\nKENT: Is this how you feel now?\n\nLANSKY: What?\n\nKENT: Are you talking about yourself?\n\nLANSKY: Yes, I wouldn't want to live to 100, no. A lot of people say, 'I'd like\nto ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/31568/file/100085#t=7500.0,7530.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/31568/file/100085/transcript/20556/annotation/252","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"live to 100 years if I feel good.' I say, \"An old car is not a new car.\" You\nexpect an old car to be good? You stop hearing, you stop seeing, you stop\nthinking, you . . . but it sounds good . . . 100 years. You look at the guys who\nare 100 years, how they look. They don't even know that they're alive. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/31568/file/100085#t=7530.0,7560.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/31568/file/100085/transcript/20556/annotation/253","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"But I'm\nnot scared for Hell. They ask me, \"How come you're not scared for Hell?\" I said,\n\"I've been in Hell already. You think they're going to put me twice in for the\nsame crime--because I'm a Jew?\"\n\nKENT: Talk about your wife a little bit more also, especially towards the end .\n. .\n\nLANSKY: You want to see her? She's got a book, what she did in her life.\n\nEINSTEIN: Yes, we'll show it . . . later. Maybe you can just talk a little about ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/31568/file/100085#t=7560.0,7590.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/31568/file/100085/transcript/20556/annotation/254","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"it.\n\nLANSKY: She liked to be in the Jewish community. You work for the Museum. You\nsee my name over there--Lansky? Yes. That's what she liked. She worked with Ben\nHirsch. She was the president for years and years. Ben is a nice guy. He's\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/31568/file/100085#t=7590.0,7620.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/31568/file/100085/transcript/20556/annotation/255","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"unbelievable. He built it here but they make a mistake, and he started tearing\nhis hair out. I said, \"They've got to work it over . . . just to build this.\" He\nhad . . . the people didn't know how to get into it. I said, \"Lola wouldn't know\nthe difference. Let it go.\" He said, \"What?! Let it go?! What do you mean, 'Let\nit go'?! I'll pay for it!\" I said, \"Listen, before you know, you wouldn't have\nnothing to be paid.\" No, he's an honest ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/31568/file/100085#t=7620.0,7650.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/31568/file/100085/transcript/20556/annotation/256","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"guy. His brother was a good boy, nice.\nLola liked to help people. She like to give away, she always wished that I would\nhave a job and come home on time like everybody else. I said, \"Yes, but I'm not\neverybody else. I don't have a father who's going to leave me something or who\nknows what.\" I said, \"I've got to work ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/31568/file/100085#t=7650.0,7680.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/31568/file/100085/transcript/20556/annotation/257","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"hard and I like what I'm doing.\" Even\nnow, I like what I'm doing. I meet some people . . . we go out to look on\nsomething . . . maybe buy, maybe sell, maybe this. I like it.\n\nKENT: In what way were you and Lola different in your outlook or your reactions\nto what happened?\n\nLANSKY: She was different. Everybody's different. Even your brother is different\nthan you. Who was right and who was wrong? We've both been ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/31568/file/100085#t=7680.0,7710.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/31568/file/100085/transcript/20556/annotation/258","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"right. I wasn't born\nto run Hemshech. At one o'clock, she was up, getting in the money or paying the\nbills. We have insurance on the monument, We have to pay for the light . . .\nthose lights when they light up. In one day it can be $300 or $400 dollars\nbecause they're so powerful. She liked it and I ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/31568/file/100085#t=7710.0,7740.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/31568/file/100085/transcript/20556/annotation/259","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"didn't like that. But I was not\nagainst it and I helped her whatever I could. But if we both would like the same\nthing . . . you need a few dollars, too!\n\nKENT: Thinking toward the end of the war, you did actually get revenge against\nsome of those people.\n\nLANSKY: Ah, revenge! Revenge would be if I would kill a million of them . . .\nwhat this kind of revenge it ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/31568/file/100085#t=7740.0,7770.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/31568/file/100085/transcript/20556/annotation/260","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"is. We've been like a junkyard. But do you think\nthat only Jews been in concentration camps? You know already. A lot of people\nthink . . . When they came into Poland, the first ones they took is the\npreachers, the teachers, the ones who can organize. They killed them. A lot of\nthem went to concentration ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/31568/file/100085#t=7770.0,7800.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/31568/file/100085/transcript/20556/annotation/261","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"camps. You could see that everybody has a mark of who\nhe is. Like myself, I had a Polish flag, a number, and why you were there.\nYellow is a Jew, Jude. The gays had pink. I didn't know what gay was. I'd never\nheard of gay when I been in Poland. They were very good organized. That's ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/31568/file/100085#t=7800.0,7830.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/31568/file/100085/transcript/20556/annotation/262","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"why\nthey could do it. No other country could do it, being so organized . . . a small\ncountry and they were fighting the whole world.\n\nKENT: How come you mentioned that not only Jews were in the camps? Was there\nsome reason you bring that up?\n\nLANSKY: Yes, because a lot of people think that they was only for Jews. A guy--a\nplumber--he worked on my apartments one day. He saw the way I talk. He said,\n\"You're the one that they ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/31568/file/100085#t=7830.0,7860.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/31568/file/100085/transcript/20556/annotation/263","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"burned in camp?\" I said, \"I'm the one that I burned?\nCan't you see I'm alive?\" I said, \"You know who burned the first one?\" He said,\n\"Who?\" I said, \"Your preachers and your teachers.\" \"What?! The son-of-a-guns,\nthey killed our preachers?!\" He didn't like it, but he make fun of it. I always\ntold Lola, \"Why saying that only Jews? Must something be wrong with the Jews why\ndid they put them in ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/31568/file/100085#t=7860.0,7890.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/31568/file/100085/transcript/20556/annotation/264","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"concentration or why they hate them. Tell them the truth,\nthat not only Jews . . .\" The Jews were automatically to be dead, to kill them.\nBut the other ones, for any little thing, you went to concentration camp . . .\nbecause somebody said that he don't like Hitler, let's say. There was no lawyer,\nthere was no nothing. They picked him up and throw him in a concentration ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/31568/file/100085#t=7890.0,7920.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/31568/file/100085/transcript/20556/annotation/265","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"camp.\nBut the average American thinks that this was only Jews. When you saw those\npictures even, I can tell you who was Jewish and who was not on the picture.\n\nKENT: How would you say the war changed you from how you were in 1939?\n\nLANSKY: What it change me?\n\nKENT: How were you different by 1945?\n\nLANSKY: I'm not different. I was in business since I was 12 years old. I liked\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/31568/file/100085#t=7920.0,7950.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/31568/file/100085/transcript/20556/annotation/266","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"it and I couldn't sit down and do something. I had to . . . we had some\napartments . . . not like here . . . but I took care on it. My brother didn't\neven know what it is. He didn't like it. Since I remember, I like to have\nsomething, to do ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/31568/file/100085#t=7950.0,7980.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/31568/file/100085/transcript/20556/annotation/267","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"something. Even now, I'm going in. I've been in the office\ntoday . . . it was 8:30. I was in the office already.\n\nKENT: What would you say you're proud of about yourself and about what you've\ndone with your life?\n\nLANSKY: I don't go around saying, \"I'm proud of it.\" What somebody says doesn't\nmean anything. What other people say about you, that's what counts. Everybody\nsays . . . the girl says, \"I'm pretty.\" That don't mean ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/31568/file/100085#t=7980.0,8010.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/31568/file/100085/transcript/20556/annotation/268","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"nothing. It depends what\nthe boy say, right?\n\nKENT: How do you feel about yourself and what you've done with . . .\n\nLANSKY: I feel I did my job the best I could, not because I'm smart or I'm dumb.\nLike I say: I believe you're born, you've got your computer. Your computer tells\nyou what to do. I see about the grandchildren even. Sometimes my daughter says\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/31568/file/100085#t=8010.0,8040.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/31568/file/100085/transcript/20556/annotation/269","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"something about one child. I say, \"Listen, you've got to do the best you can\nwhat you have. You're not going to change.\" Say you don't want to put the shoes\naway or you want this, I said, \"That's what's going to be.\" Not exactly what I'm\nsaying, but most . . . the one who went to concentration camp . . . he was\ncrazy, he came out crazy. Just like the ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/31568/file/100085#t=8040.0,8070.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/31568/file/100085/transcript/20556/annotation/270","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Vietnam soldiers. They complained that\nVietnam made them being sick or something, and some is true, and some . . . they\nwent in like that and now they blame the government. That's the way it is. I\nmean, it's . . . The twins . . . my daughter has the twins. Both of them are so\ndifferent, unbelievable. She said she's a ballerina. He said, \"I don't like\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/31568/file/100085#t=8070.0,8100.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/31568/file/100085/transcript/20556/annotation/271","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"ballerinas. I like soccer.\" Right away. Who told him about it? Instinct.\n\nKENT: What would you want people to learn from your experience? What would you\nwant to change because of all that?\n\nLANSKY: Change whom? People . . .\n\nKENT: How would you want the world to change or to learn from what you all had\nto go through?\n\nLANSKY: It's still ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/31568/file/100085#t=8100.0,8130.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/31568/file/100085/transcript/20556/annotation/272","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"going. You take people now, you send them to Iraq. Before you\nknow it, they bring in a dead boy that he had nothing to do with it. He don't\nmake the politics. You just happened to be in the army and they sent you out\nover there. He can say the same thing I'm saying, \"Why me?\" When I was in a\ncamp, I thought that the whole world was going to pieces. We got ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/31568/file/100085#t=8130.0,8160.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/31568/file/100085/transcript/20556/annotation/273","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"free, I\nthought, \"The world is not going to go away. The world is going to be here.\"\nIt's people who are going to suffer or not suffer . . . it depends on where\nyou're at. You've got to be in the right time, in the right place, in the right\n. . . It's okay. Like my brother, he wrote me right away that he was not going\nto make it. He was in a death camp. I never thought that I'm not going to make\nit but I was not in a ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/31568/file/100085#t=8160.0,8190.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/31568/file/100085/transcript/20556/annotation/274","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"camp like he was. I just happened to be, like I told you .\n. . For one year we had it pretty good. Then it was wintertime. We didn't have\nwork to do, so we had some Lodzers . . . older guys. We went out and we start\nsinging and make like a parade. The Lagerführer came out and he applauded. He\nsaid that everybody was going to get double this, and double that, and don't\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/31568/file/100085#t=8190.0,8220.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/31568/file/100085/transcript/20556/annotation/275","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"ask. People came to bring the potatoes, he should sign it . . . that he gave it\nto the Wehrmacht, whatever. He chased them away. He said, \"I don't have no pigs\nhere. I've got people, just like you. Now I've got to watch out for them.\" Then\nhe asked us, \"Next week my family wants to come over here. I want you to parade,\nput the nice stuff . . . we used to get from home . . . packages.\" Then we\nexchanged with ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/31568/file/100085#t=8220.0,8250.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/31568/file/100085/transcript/20556/annotation/276","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"different . . . I said, \"Yes, we're going to do it.\" We start\nmarching, we start singing and cursing the Germans in Yiddish. He applauded, and\neverybody . . . again, we're going to get double this and double . . . I wish I\nwould meet him, but I don't like to tell it to people because they think that\nsomething is wrong with ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/31568/file/100085#t=8250.0,8280.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/31568/file/100085/transcript/20556/annotation/277","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"me. You've been in camp. This was one year then they\nsend us . . . still, I'd never been in real concentration camp for more than\nmaybe two months. We got to Buchenwald, they sent us out to work. We came back,\nthey sent us to another place. But as a whole, ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/31568/file/100085#t=8280.0,8310.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/31568/file/100085/transcript/20556/annotation/278","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"most of us survived. I got into\nNew York, I had a few Ozorkower . . . they were still alive. One makes a bar\nmitzvah next month. The guy who has that hotel, he was nine years . . . the\nparents didn't think that he was going to make it, probably. But he'd probably\nbeen in the right place at the right time. That's the way it ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/31568/file/100085#t=8310.0,8340.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/31568/file/100085/transcript/20556/annotation/279","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"is . . . the same\nthing here.\n\nKENT: Have you ever been back to Germany or Poland over the years?\n\nLANSKY: Germany, no.\n\nKENT: I wonder . . . often it sounds like you have a disappointment in your\nvoice. I'm just wondering if that's true or if I'm just hearing it that way.\n\nLANSKY: Disappointment? No, I never ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/31568/file/100085#t=8340.0,8370.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/31568/file/100085/transcript/20556/annotation/280","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"took a pill for being down or being up. I\nnever smoked. I never got drunk in my life. I had the grocery. A guy asked me if\nI drink. I said, \"No.\" \"How about smoke?\" I said, \"No.\" \"How about woman?\" I\nsaid, \"I'm married!\" He said, \"How long are you going to be here?\" I said, \"I'll\nbe here until eight o'clock.\" He said, \"I'll come back with my ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/31568/file/100085#t=8370.0,8400.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/31568/file/100085/transcript/20556/annotation/281","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"gun, I'll shoot\nyou. You'll be better off.\" That's what it is, but no, I've never been down. I\ndon't say . . . it could be tomorrow, I can be down. But until now . . .\n\nKENT: What is important to you nowadays? Are there goals still?\n\nLANSKY: I'm ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/31568/file/100085#t=8400.0,8430.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/31568/file/100085/transcript/20556/annotation/282","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"used to it. Just like anything else, you get used to going to the\noffice and see people. An insurance man comes or somebody comes who wants to buy\nsomething or sell something. They want to know . . . they're young, \"How could\nyou do it? You came over here. You didn't have nothing.\" I tell them, \"The first\nthing, you got to save a few dollars and take a chance and ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/31568/file/100085#t=8430.0,8460.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/31568/file/100085/transcript/20556/annotation/283","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"see how you can do\nit.\" A lot of people had apartments, especially doctors and lawyers. But they\ndidn't think of the reality of it. They thought they were going to get in the\nmoney, like the agent told them, and they're going to put it in the bank, and\nthat's it. Even if you have a manager . . . if the manager wants to do\nsomething, he calls you. \"The roofer was here. He said that we need a ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/31568/file/100085#t=8460.0,8490.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/31568/file/100085/transcript/20556/annotation/284","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"roof.\"\nYou've got to go and see if what he tells is true or not. Sometimes he goes on\nthe roof . . . it rains in . . . he might make you a few holes instead of fixing\nit. Not everybody is made to be in real estate or a doctor or a shoemaker. It\ntakes certain people like . . . the first one I had on Briarcliff was nothing\nbut Jewish ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/31568/file/100085#t=8490.0,8520.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/31568/file/100085/transcript/20556/annotation/285","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"people. Everybody was scared. The Jewish people are too . . . they\ndemand too much. I said, \"I like it. If something happens and you don't fix it,\nit doesn't get better by itself. It gets worse.\" They've been the best tenants .\n. . the older one. They move out and nothing is broke, nothing is tore.\n\nKENT: I wonder, ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/31568/file/100085#t=8520.0,8550.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/31568/file/100085/transcript/20556/annotation/286","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"over the years, when Americans have asked about your\npast--especially the last 30 years as the Holocaust has been more in public\nknowledge--how do you explain to people what that was like?\n\nLANSKY: If they want to know, I say, \"I've been over there and I can understand.\nHow are you going to understand?\" I did something because my ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/31568/file/100085#t=8550.0,8580.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/31568/file/100085/transcript/20556/annotation/287","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"religion . . . I\nwas born to Jewish people. I was not even a Jew when I was born. If I had be\nborn to an Italian, I would have a cross instead of Magen David. They didn't ask\nme if I wanted to be a Jew, or if I wanted to be a Catholic, or whatever. That's\nthe way I feel . . . that not every Jew is a Jew and not every Catholic is a\nCatholic. It's just the parents ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/31568/file/100085#t=8580.0,8610.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/31568/file/100085/transcript/20556/annotation/288","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"were Catholics, so they're Catholics. Some of\nthem change it because of marriage or whatever. But most of them--of the\npeople--they don't choose. They get used to it, just like food. What kind of\nfood do you like? The food your mother gave you. The same thing is with\nreligion. They interviewed people from . . . the brides from Vietnam. They ask\nthem, \"What is the worst thing that ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/31568/file/100085#t=8610.0,8640.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/31568/file/100085/transcript/20556/annotation/289","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"you saw in the United States?\" They said,\n\"The worst thing is the food. We can't eat American food. It's so bad.\" Murray\nwas in Vietnam--my son. I asked him, \"What they eating over there?\" He said,\n\"Nothing. They're eating some flies, some junk.\" But their mothers gave them and\nthat's what they like. The same thing is with the religion.\n\nKENT: Do you have any sense of how the war experiences affected your children?\n\nLANSKY: ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/31568/file/100085#t=8640.0,8670.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/31568/file/100085/transcript/20556/annotation/290","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"No. I didn't discuss it with them. Why was I going to bother them? When\nthey were young, I going to tell them about killing and all this stuff? They\nwouldn't understand anyhow. The grown one can't understand. I can't understand\nthat special people, being so educated, and so organized, and being so mean.\nIt's hard to understand that if it would be in ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/31568/file/100085#t=8670.0,8700.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/31568/file/100085/transcript/20556/annotation/291","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Africa or in Asia, some place in\nthe wilderness . . . all right. I just happened to be in a bad place. But I\ndidn't come to Germany to take its job or to do some business or anything. They\ncame to us and said, \"You have to die.\" They were playing G-d. G-d was good to\nHitler. He watched Hitler special. They tried to kill him a few times, but\nnothing ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/31568/file/100085#t=8700.0,8730.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/31568/file/100085/transcript/20556/annotation/292","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"happened. I wonder how G-d keeps us like the 'chosen people.' If this is\nchosen . . . I told her--somebody very religious--\"If you see Him, you tell Him\nto take me off from the list. I don't want to be the chosen!\" I come back to\nPoland . . . ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/31568/file/100085#t=8730.0,8760.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/31568/file/100085/transcript/20556/annotation/293","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"the rabbis with the payess, with the beards, and they wearing\ntallit and everything. They all gone. We lived with some Polish people. We got\nalong very good with them. I came back, they are all alive. They're not the\nchosen. You feel that you're ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/31568/file/100085#t=8760.0,8790.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/31568/file/100085/transcript/20556/annotation/294","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"chosen?\n\nKENT: Is there anything else that you'd like to mention that we have not gone\ninto yet? Any other memories?\n\nLANSKY: I don't know what you want to know. By the way, we brought a Torah to\nthe AA. You know about it?\n\nKENT: Explain that.\n\nLANSKY: We came to Ozorkow. There was a few Jews left. One told me that he found\na Torah ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/31568/file/100085#t=8790.0,8820.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/31568/file/100085/transcript/20556/annotation/295","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and he don't know what to do with it. He would like somebody to take it\noff his hands. We said, \"We can do it.\" We got some letters from Rabbi Epstein\nand other people. We sent to the Polish government those letters that we here in\nthe community . . . there are about a few of us from Ozorkow and we wanted to\ntake the ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/31568/file/100085#t=8820.0,8850.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/31568/file/100085/transcript/20556/annotation/296","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Torah out. They had a law. I think it's here the same thing. You\ncouldn't take out antique that's more than 100 years old. My grandfather . . .\nhe was reading from the Torah. It was, in that time, a big deal. They sent us it\nby mail. It came here to the house. We made like a ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/31568/file/100085#t=8850.0,8880.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/31568/file/100085/transcript/20556/annotation/297","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"wedding bringing in the\nTorah. It was not kosher, so we fixed it. But it's so old that every few months,\nthey need money to fix the Torah . . . $7,000, $6,000 . . . but we're fixing it.\nKaren made the mantle. She worked on it for more than a year. Now it's sitting\nover there, and every holiday they take it out. On Shabbos, they take it out\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/31568/file/100085#t=8880.0,8910.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/31568/file/100085/transcript/20556/annotation/298","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"because it's small and the other one is so big. When there's a bat mitzvah . . .\na little girl . . . you give the Torah, so they take it out. We did more than\none thing too. The Federation here is very organized. Every year they're getting\nbetter and ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/31568/file/100085#t=8910.0,8940.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/31568/file/100085/transcript/20556/annotation/299","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"better . . . very professional. Now, with the Jewish schools, it's\nunbelievable. Every school has 500, 600 children. They love it.\n\nEINSTEIN: Do you feel like your Torah from Ozorkow is safe within a healthy\nJewish community?\n\nLANSKY: Here?\n\nEINSTEIN: Yes. How do you feel about the Torah being here? Something that your\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/31568/file/100085#t=8940.0,8970.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/31568/file/100085/transcript/20556/annotation/300","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"grandfather read from . . . and now it's here. It's being used here in America.\n\nLANSKY: I feel okay . . . but nothing . . . it don't mean so much to me if I\nwouldn't gone through all of this and seen what happened to the Torahs, how they\nburned it . . . and nothing happened to the one who ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/31568/file/100085#t=8970.0,9000.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/31568/file/100085/transcript/20556/annotation/301","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"killed. If Hitler wouldn't\nhave killed himself, he would be alive today, like the rest of them. The Nazi\nleaders went to different countries. They had enough money to bribe and\neverything else.\n\nKENT: It sounds like you don't see any justice or any meaning to any other, the\nway you describe it.\n\nLANSKY: What do you mean by justice? There was no justice for anybody in ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/31568/file/100085#t=9000.0,9030.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/31568/file/100085/transcript/20556/annotation/302","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Germany\n. . . even for the Germans, there was no justice. By the end, they were more\nscared than . . . we'd been in already. They were scared that they might go in,\nsomebody got mad at him or whatever. Justice. In America . . . not in America .\n. . the Free World . . . when they say, \"The Free World, only in America,\" it's\nnot true. In France, from my time, twice was the prime minister Jewish--Blum and\nthe other one. Most of those lost . . . ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/31568/file/100085#t=9030.0,9060.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/31568/file/100085/transcript/20556/annotation/303","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that we have here, came from England and\nFrance. Or you don't know about it?\n\nKENT: A little bit.\n\nLANSKY: To be in the . . . what do you call it? . . . in court you have the six\n. . .\n\nEINSTEIN: Jury by your peers.\n\nLANSKY: This comes from England . . . most of it comes from France and ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/31568/file/100085#t=9060.0,9090.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/31568/file/100085/transcript/20556/annotation/304","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"England.\nWhen somebody said, \"The Russians! Now they came. They dressed just like we\nare!\" I said, \"They didn't steal it from you--the style. What kind of suit are\nyou wearing?\" He said, \"European.\" I said, \"You said it! You wear a European\nsuit! What else?\" I said, \"Even the language is not yours!\" One vote was made to\nspeak English. You know that? We would speak ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/31568/file/100085#t=9090.0,9120.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/31568/file/100085/transcript/20556/annotation/305","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"German because the Americans didn't\nlike the English and they didn't want the English, but one vote make you speak\nEnglish. If not that one vote . . . what they voted, what language you would\nspeak German here in the United States?\n\nKENT: Who voted on that?\n\nEINSTEIN: The Congress in the early years. They hated the British so much . . .\n\nLANSKY: Yes. Everything you have here, it was a few hundred years ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/31568/file/100085#t=9120.0,9150.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/31568/file/100085/transcript/20556/annotation/306","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"before, in\nEurope. Americans have their holidays--like I told you, the Fourth of July and\nThanksgiving--and McDonald's.\n\nKENT: Thank you for telling us your story.\n\nLANSKY: But I don't have nothing to complain. I've never been arrested, which,\nwhen I came to the United States . . . I could go on drugs like people ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/31568/file/100085#t=9150.0,9180.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/31568/file/100085/transcript/20556/annotation/307","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"have . .\n. they have nothing to gain by it. I can't understand. I lost . . . no father,\nno mother, no brother, no nothing, no money, no language, no nothing. I didn't\ncomplain. I did what I had to do. Would I go on drugs, where would I be now? I\nstill can't figure out when I hear about drugs . . . all right somebody gets\nsick, it's different. But making yourself ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/31568/file/100085#t=9180.0,9210.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/31568/file/100085/transcript/20556/annotation/308","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"sick in a country like the United\nStates? You have a chance to go to school. You have a chance to be somebody.\nThey got me in the penitentiary, like I told you . . . they asked me questions,\n\"Why we didn't fight?\" and all this. I said, \"Did you see the people of Vietnam\nwhen they took them . . . did they fight ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/31568/file/100085#t=9210.0,9240.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/31568/file/100085/transcript/20556/annotation/309","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"back . . . the Americans?\" I said, \"No.\nWhy would you think that the Jude fight back?\" I said, \"I'm not a policeman, but\nI can make you so . . .\" I always thought . . . put you in a little room for two\ndays. No water, no music, no television, no nothing. After two years . . . after\ntwo weeks, two days, ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/31568/file/100085#t=9240.0,9270.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/31568/file/100085/transcript/20556/annotation/310","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"you're a monkey. All you think is about food. Food. But\nthere's a whole . . . I was stopped just like anybody else. Maybe a red light, a\nyellow light, but they were nice. I didn't fight back. I know is their job. One\ntime, I told a ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/31568/file/100085#t=9270.0,9300.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/31568/file/100085/transcript/20556/annotation/311","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"guy, \"I'm glad that you want to be a policeman. From what I read\nin the paper, you killed, and stabbed, and raped, and whatever. You deserve to\nget a raise.\" He said, \"You know what? I'll let you go.\" I said, \"How come?\" He\nsaid, \"Nobody told me that. You're the first one.\" It's true. I don't know who\nwants to be a policeman. What kind of job it is? You go to arrest somebody and\nsomebody shoots ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/31568/file/100085#t=9300.0,9330.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/31568/file/100085/transcript/20556/annotation/312","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"you. Then they say, \"He was on drugs and he didn't have a\nfather. The father beat him . . .\" This is already . . . Everybody says the same\nthing. But this . . . I don't know what kind of people those are with the drugs.\n\nKENT: How do you explain that you survived? Was it all luck? How much of it was\nyour own decision, things like that?\n\nLANSKY: I told ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/31568/file/100085#t=9330.0,9360.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/31568/file/100085/transcript/20556/annotation/313","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"you. When I went in the toilet and I joined up with the Polacks\nand the Russians, this was it. The people what they took out, what they said,\n\"Jews out!\" and they took them away. About two hours later, they all were dead.\nAll of them.\n\nKENT: You made some good decisions at the right time.\n\nLANSKY: You never could tell. Like with the SD, when they interviewed me . . .\nthere were no ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/31568/file/100085#t=9360.0,9390.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/31568/file/100085/transcript/20556/annotation/314","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Jews over there. They knew that there was no Jews over there.\nOtherwise, they could tell me to put down the pants. In Europe, only Jews were\ncircumcised. I tell you the truth, I don't know why I joined them. I said, \"What\ndid I do? Maybe those people, they go to work or something, and then I say, \"No,\nto work, you don't take them like this.\" The German shepherds were ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/31568/file/100085#t=9390.0,9420.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/31568/file/100085/transcript/20556/annotation/315","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"hollering and\nthey were screaming, \"Raus! Raus!\" Just to look on them and the atmosphere, I\nsaid, \"No, I'm not going to go.\" But a lot of people make mistakes--like my\nbrother and sister. They got letters that they got good, they'd feed them . . .\nso they fooled them. That's what I'm saying. You never could tell what is true\nor is false. This was a ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/31568/file/100085#t=9420.0,9450.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/31568/file/100085/transcript/20556/annotation/316","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"government without morals, without anything. Just do\nanything to take the world . . . if you have to kill. Then when they bombed, I\nlaughed. One day, I was staying, looking on them. They came by the hundreds . .\n. closer then, by the hundreds . . . this big. All of the sudden, I see all of\nthe planes fall down. I said, \"Oh, my G-d.\" When they come ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/31568/file/100085#t=9450.0,9480.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/31568/file/100085/transcript/20556/annotation/317","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"down, there was\naluminum foil. Aluminum foil is steel so the Germans had hit their aluminum\nfoils so they could get away. I saw it one time on television. I saw this, that\naluminum foil--big pieces, make a noise too . . . you thought the plane would\ncome down. I was so happy to see that they were tearing up Germany. You can't\neven imagine how it ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/31568/file/100085#t=9480.0,9510.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/31568/file/100085/transcript/20556/annotation/318","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"looked. You saw one plane, two planes over there in New\nYork. Can imagine if hundreds are coming every day?\n\nKENT: We had just one last question. In Germany recently there's talk about,\n\"How long do we have to feel guilty?\" and, \"How long do we have to keep\napologizing for our grandparents?,\" and that sort of thing? What's your opinion\non that?\n\nLANSKY: The Jews didn't forget the ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/31568/file/100085#t=9510.0,9540.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/31568/file/100085/transcript/20556/annotation/319","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Spanish Inquisition. It's already more than\n500 years. The gentiles didn't forget one man got killed--Jesus Christ--and now\nthat's over 2,000 years and they didn't forget it. Why should we forget? No, the\nJew is not going to forget. Not only the Jews. Look . . . even the ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/31568/file/100085#t=9540.0,9570.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/31568/file/100085/transcript/20556/annotation/320","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Polacks, the\nRomanians, and all this . . . It was not because he was a Polack, but any little\nthing . . . it was not concentration camp. It was . . . some days, they hung . .\n\n. every city had to hang so many people . . . not Jews. It could be Polacks,\ncould be . . . it's hard to understand that they could be better off. My mother,\nwhen ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/31568/file/100085#t=9570.0,9600.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/31568/file/100085/transcript/20556/annotation/321","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"they arrested me, I said, \"I've got to go out to the toilet.\" I went out.\nShe said goodbye again. I said, \"Don't worry. The Germans been here in World War\nI. They said, \"Leben, leben, lassen.\" Live and let live. They were very nice.\nWhen they ran away from Poland, everybody was crying, \"You're going to be back.\nThey're going to give you a job and all of this is going to be all right.\" If\nsomebody would have told me this was going to ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/31568/file/100085#t=9600.0,9630.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/31568/file/100085/transcript/20556/annotation/322","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"happen, I wouldn't believe it. You\nwouldn't believe it. They did something that didn't happened before. Like in\nSpain, if you wanted to be a Catholic, they let you live. I've been in Spain. I\nmet some people who remembered that their grandmother . . . on the Sabbath, they\nstill hide everything and they tried to pray in ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/31568/file/100085#t=9630.0,9660.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/31568/file/100085/transcript/20556/annotation/323","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Hebrew . . . whatever they did.\nBut they had a chance at least . . . something. But here, because you're a Jew,\nyou've got to be killed. This had never happened before. Einstein . . . they let\nhim out . . . this was before Hitler came to the ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/31568/file/100085#t=9660.0,9690.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/31568/file/100085/transcript/20556/annotation/324","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"chancellorship. The chancellor\nwas a murderer. We still can't believe it. People like scientists, doctors, they\n. . . it was not like in Poland. The Jews are like their . . . The German Jew,\nwhat I saw, was more than a German . . . they were 100 percent. The way they\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/31568/file/100085#t=9690.0,9720.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/31568/file/100085/transcript/20556/annotation/325","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"talked about, \"After the war we're going to go back. Hitler's only going to be\nthere a few years. We like Germany and everything . . .\" In camps, they talked\nto us. But it didn't help. When Einstein came to the United States . . . you saw\nthe picture, what happened. He wrote a letter to the president, President\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/31568/file/100085#t=9720.0,9750.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/31568/file/100085/transcript/20556/annotation/326","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Roosevelt . . . They put it in the trash. A guy from Germany come with an old\ncoat--the coat was 40 years old already, with long hair . . . he sends a letter\nto the president. He didn't hear, so he sent another one. The FBI or whomever\nthat come over there and said, \"What are you crazy or something? You sent a\nletter to the President? You want to meet the President? You've got something to\ntell him?\" He said, ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/31568/file/100085#t=9750.0,9780.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/31568/file/100085/transcript/20556/annotation/327","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\"Yes.\" They asked, \"Why can't you tell us?\" He said, \"No.\nYou tell the President that I've got to tell him something that is good for the\nUnited States to know.\" He was invited to the White House. He started talking\nabout the atom bomb. Roosevelt didn't know what he was talking about. He told\nhim that he was working on heavy ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/31568/file/100085#t=9780.0,9810.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/31568/file/100085/transcript/20556/annotation/328","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"water in a little place . . . where was it . .\n. not . . . He told him where it was, and the United States got together with\nthe English and told them, \"You've got to tear it down. It doesn't matter--any\nthe cost.\" They worked on something that Mister . . . not ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/31568/file/100085#t=9810.0,9840.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/31568/file/100085/transcript/20556/annotation/329","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Einstein . . .\nprofessor . . .\n\nEINSTEIN: Oppenheimer?\n\nLANSKY: No, the professor with the . . .\n\nEINSTEIN: Werner von Braun?\n\nLANSKY: No.\n\nEINSTEIN: Neils Bohr? Enrico Fermi?\n\nKENT: Teller?\n\nLANSKY: No, this was with the long hair, with the . . . he's still the most\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/31568/file/100085#t=9840.0,9870.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/31568/file/100085/transcript/20556/annotation/330","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"known professor in the whole world.\n\nEINSTEIN: Einstein?\n\nLANSKY: Einstein. Yes, that's why I didn't say it because you . . . Einstein.\nThen this guy up and dies and they told Hitler to stop working on it. Hitler\nsaid, \"The war is going to be over before we gonna finish it, so we might as\nwell stop.\" The Germans stopped ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/31568/file/100085#t=9870.0,9900.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/31568/file/100085/transcript/20556/annotation/331","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"working on the atom bomb because he told them\nthat it's going to be . . . we're going to have the world before that. Einstein\n. . . He was smart . . . very smart.\n\nKENT: Can you think of any other questions or angles?\n\nEINSTEIN: No, I think we've covered about everything, unless there's something\nelse that you'd like . . .\n\nLANSKY: ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/31568/file/100085#t=9900.0,9930.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/31568/file/100085/transcript/20556/annotation/332","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I can tell you about our shtetl. We had a synagogue which, like here,\nthe Temple . . . people without the beards, without the payess. My father was\none of them.\n\nEINSTEIN: Was it misnaged? Were they Orthodox? Why were they not with payess,\nnot Hasidic?\n\nLANSKY: That's what people in America think--that in Europe everybody was a\nHasid and everybody ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/31568/file/100085#t=9930.0,9960.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/31568/file/100085/transcript/20556/annotation/333","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"was . . . It was ten percent. Just like here.\n\nEINSTEIN: Yes.\n\nLANSKY: You had the Besmedrech . . . were the Orthodox people. They had\nshtiebelekh . . . means 'the room.' In a room like this, maybe 20 people got\ntogether. They prayed together, and they danced together, they sang together.\nThey had a good time. Because years ago, in Europe there was a hunger until they\nbrought in ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/31568/file/100085#t=9960.0,9990.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/31568/file/100085/transcript/20556/annotation/334","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"potatoes. The rabbi told them that this is . . . the Messiah is going\nto come now, because that's what the Bible says . . . so they made it. They\ndanced, had a good time, and everything was going to be okay. The same thing\nthat you see here, we had over there. It was Hasidic . . . ten percent with the\npayess. The other one was . . . they were Jews ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/31568/file/100085#t=9990.0,10020.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/31568/file/100085/transcript/20556/annotation/335","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and they went on Shabbat. They\nate kosher and everything but they were not Orthodox. Like on Fridays, we had\nthe store open. We had to fill a few customers. They had . . . Shabbos, they\nshowed it, \"Look on the watch. You've got to close it.\" The Jews lived in\nMidtown, they had a business . . . when they closed it, you couldn't get\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/31568/file/100085#t=10020.0,10050.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/31568/file/100085/transcript/20556/annotation/336","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"anything. It was just like Jerusalem. You should see the one where the Kakhbat\nis, with the shtreimel, with all this. The Polacks were used to it already. They\ndidn't pay attention to it. But Hitler helped a lot for them to be antisemitic.\nIt don't take much for somebody who doesn't have a job, who is a drunk, to blame\nsomebody . . . ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/31568/file/100085#t=10050.0,10080.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/31568/file/100085/transcript/20556/annotation/337","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"it can be your brother, it can be your sister . . . If they drink\nand have a good time, and if you work hard, and you save, they're not going to\nlike you.\n\nEINSTEIN: You didn't have any Polish friends or were they just Jews?\n\nLANSKY: All of the business we made with the Polacks. But we didn't have\nanything in ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/31568/file/100085#t=10080.0,10110.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/31568/file/100085/transcript/20556/annotation/338","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"common. The same thing with my children. They go with the Jewish\nchildren. Sometimes we talk about it. I ask, \"Why not mix up?\" But nobody wants\nto mix. The Italians want to be with the Italians. The only ones who want to mix\nare black people--they want to mix. After they mix, who knows what's going to\nhappen. Other than this, I had ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/31568/file/100085#t=10110.0,10140.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/31568/file/100085/transcript/20556/annotation/339","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"a Greek bookkeeper. His son went out with an\nAmerican girl. He was born in the United States. One day I come over. He was\ncrying, \"What happened?\" The son went out with an American girl. He said, \"Where\nis our wisdom? Where is our culture? Where is our . . . she's not the same. All\nof this is going to go from nothing and we're not going to let him do ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/31568/file/100085#t=10140.0,10170.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/31568/file/100085/transcript/20556/annotation/340","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that.\" As\nif she were from a different country! They both were born American, but they\nwanted him to marry a Greek girl. But now the Jewish people intermarry over 50 percent.\n\nEINSTEIN: Does that bother you?\n\nLANSKY: No. If that's what they wanted . . . You want to give them freedom? This\nis ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/31568/file/100085#t=10170.0,10200.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/31568/file/100085/transcript/20556/annotation/341","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"freedom. I see some gentiles become Jewish, especially the ones who\nintermarry. I don't know how this is going to last or whatever, but you never\nknow. Even if you marry your own, you don't know.\n\nKENT: Does Jewishness have any particular significance to you?\n\nLANSKY: Yes, sure. I was born . . . if I wasn't born . . . but I was raised\nJewish. I went to a Jewish ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/31568/file/100085#t=10200.0,10230.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/31568/file/100085/transcript/20556/annotation/342","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"school. I went in the . . . with my grandfather. He\ntook me to different things where we got together to talk about Torah, to talk\nabout Gemarah, about all this stuff. Very few people, especially when there's\nintermarriage, I think the . . . I never heard a Jew ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/31568/file/100085#t=10230.0,10260.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/31568/file/100085/transcript/20556/annotation/343","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"become a Christian. It's\nthe other way around. Is that what you experience?\n\nEINSTEIN: Often.\n\nLANSKY: Yes. I don't know then what. I know one . . . Karen told me, the boy\ngoes with the father to the synagogue, and the girl goes with the mother, or the\nother one, to the church. How is this going to work?\n\nEINSTEIN: People ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/31568/file/100085#t=10260.0,10290.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/31568/file/100085/transcript/20556/annotation/344","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"find . . . all kinds of ways to deal with their . . .\n\nLANSKY: It's not happening only here. It's happened now in the whole world, in\nRussia . . . Even Israel today, they marry with Arabs. If they could, there\nwould be more of it. It's different times in life . . . different. In my town,\none Jew married a ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/31568/file/100085#t=10290.0,10320.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/31568/file/100085/transcript/20556/annotation/345","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"gentile woman. I remember he went to church, and four\npolicemen were watching him with their bayonets. The Chasidim would tear him up.\nThey would kill him. Then he came out, and they put him on the streetcar to\nLodz. They didn't let anybody on that streetcar. They closed it or something,\nand he never could come ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/31568/file/100085#t=10320.0,10350.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/31568/file/100085/transcript/20556/annotation/346","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"back. Was this right or was it wrong? I don't know. What\nright do they have to run after him? When it comes to religion, this is much\nstronger than the army. The army, you can talk to them. Some say, \"Why fight?\nWe're not going to win.\" But when it comes to religion, you never heard anybody\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/31568/file/100085#t=10350.0,10380.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/31568/file/100085/transcript/20556/annotation/347","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"saying, \"Back to the preacher\" or \"Back to the rabbi.\" A guy came into the\nstore. He was a preacher. He said he didn't make enough. I said, \"Do you preach\nto the people in the church?\" He said, \"Yes, sure, but they don't send in the\nway they're supposed to.\" I said, \"They never say, 'no.' Tell them that G-d told\nyou that they've got to send in so-and-so much money and you've got to make so\nmuch money. They're not going to ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/31568/file/100085#t=10380.0,10410.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/31568/file/100085/transcript/20556/annotation/348","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"say anything. You've got it made.\" He laughed,\nbut that's true. Once in a while, I like to hear a preacher. There was a black\npreacher, nicely dressed with diamonds and everything. He said, \"If you send\nmoney to the church, the church sends it to G-d, and G-d puts it in the bank for\nyou if you're going to need it. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/31568/file/100085#t=10410.0,10440.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/31568/file/100085/transcript/20556/annotation/349","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"You're going to get it when you're going to need\nit.\" Nobody asked him, \"How am I going to get it? By mail or by . . .\" This is\nreligion. That's why Hitler, when he came in, the first thing he wanted to get\nwere the teachers, the preachers, the intelligent. They can organize and you see\nwhat's going on. People like to go and help them because they tell them that\nwomen are waiting for ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/31568/file/100085#t=10440.0,10470.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/31568/file/100085/transcript/20556/annotation/350","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"them. They believe it. At least if the rabbi would say\nsomething like this, everybody would walk out. Take it out, put it in the bank.\nWhen you're going to need it, you're not going to get it!\n\nEINSTEIN: Thank you so much for that interview.\n\nLANSKY: Okay.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/31568/file/100085#t=10470.0,10500.0"}]},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/31568/file/100085/annotation_set/226","type":"AnnotationPage","label":{"en":["Annotations [Transcript]"]},"items":[{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/31568/file/100085/annotation_set/226/annotation/351","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eOn September 1, 1939, Germany invaded Poland. Rubin lived in a town called Ozorkow [Polish: Ozorków; also Ozorkov] in central Poland, about 32 kilometers [20 miles] northwest of Lodz. In the spring of 1941, several hundred young Jews (especially those aged between 17 and 21) were rounded up and sent to forced labor camps.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/31568/file/100085#t=0.0,30.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/31568/file/100085/annotation_set/226/annotation/352","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eTo assist in managing the large communities within ghettos, German authorities installed a hierarchy of Jewish administrative units under their control. A \u003cem\u003eJudenrat\u003c/em\u003e was established in Ozorkow shortly after the German occupation began in September 1939. The \u003cem\u003eJudenrat\u003c/em\u003e or \u003cem\u003eÄltestenrat\u003c/em\u003e was a Council of Jewish leaders installed to manage the communities and provide the Germans with forced laborers. A \u003cem\u003eJudischer Ordnungsdienst\u003c/em\u003e [German: Jewish Ghetto Police; also known as the OD] was also established to keep order in occupied areas and often were responsible for rounding up Jews selected for forced labor or deportation. They were often referred to as the “Jewish Police.” A Jewish police force was established in Ozorkow in the winter of 1940-1941. \u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/31568/file/100085#t=30.0,60.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/31568/file/100085/annotation_set/226/annotation/353","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe \u003cem\u003eSS\u003c/em\u003e or \u003cem\u003eSchutzstaffel\u003c/em\u003e was a major paramilitary organization under Adolf Hitler and the Nazi Party. It began at the end of 1920 as a small, permanent guard unit known as the “\u003cem\u003eSaal-Schutz\u003c/em\u003e” to provide security for party meetings. Later, in 1925, Heinrich Himmler joined the unit, which had by then been reformed and renamed the “\u003cem\u003eSchutz-Staffel\u003c/em\u003e.” Under his leadership, it grew from a small paramilitary formation to one of the largest and most powerful organizations in the Third Reich and was responsible for many of the crimes against humanity during World War II. \u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/31568/file/100085#t=30.0,60.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/31568/file/100085/annotation_set/226/annotation/354","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eLodz [Polish: Łódź] was a large textile manufacturing city and Jewish cultural center about 75 miles from Warsaw, Poland. The Germans occupied it on September 8, 1939 and renamed it ‘Litzmannstadt.’ On December 10, 1939, a ghetto was established. Waves of Jews from the surrounding area and Western Europe were pushed into the Lodz ghetto making the total number of Jews who passed through it at over 200,000. Deportations of Jewish men sent to forced labor forced labor on German road building began in 1940.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/31568/file/100085#t=30.0,60.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/31568/file/100085/annotation_set/226/annotation/355","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eOn March 15, 1939, Nazi Germany invaded and occupied the Czech provinces of Bohemia and Moravia. The German occupation authorities refashioned the two provinces as a German protectorate, annexed directly to the Reich, but under the leadership of a Reich Protector.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/31568/file/100085#t=60.0,90.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/31568/file/100085/annotation_set/226/annotation/356","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe \u003cem\u003eAutobahn\u003c/em\u003e is a federal controlled-access highway system in Germany. Construction of the \u003cem\u003eAutobahn\u003c/em\u003e was begun before Hitler came to power, but the Nazis appropriated the project and the \u003cem\u003eAutobahn\u003c/em\u003e became one of the Nazi regime’s showpieces. Rubin was among a group of forced laborers constructing a section of highway across the ‘Polish Corridor’ (also known as the ‘Danzig Corridor’), a small narrow piece of land that was ceded to Poland after World War I and provided access to the Baltic Sea, but in the process divided the bulk of Germany from the German province of East Prussia. In the tensions leading up to World War II, Poland had denied German demands for construction of an autobahn that would traverse the area and connect Berlin with the East Prussian city of Königsberg. This became one of the pretexts Adolf Hitler used for the German invasion of Poland in September 1939. Partial construction had begun in late 1933, but slowed as Germany geared up for war in 1938. Work resumed after Poland was defeated and continued through 1942, mostly with a labor pool of forced laborers. The highway remains unfinished today (2017). \u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/31568/file/100085#t=60.0,90.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/31568/file/100085/annotation_set/226/annotation/357","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe \u003cem\u003eSturmabteilung\u003c/em\u003e, also known as the “Storm Troopers,” “Brown Shirts,” or “SA” or sometimes as the “SR,” was the paramilitary of the Nazi Party commanded by Ernst Rohm (German: Röhm) and responsible for helping Adolf Hitler rise to power in Germany in the 1920’s and early 1930’s. By 1934, tensions within the party saw Heinrich Himmler and the SS (\u003cem\u003eSchutzstaffel\u003c/em\u003e) replace Rohm and the Sturmabteilung’s position as the dominant organization within the Nazi Party. \u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/31568/file/100085#t=120.0,150.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/31568/file/100085/annotation_set/226/annotation/358","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eOrganisation Todt\u003c/em\u003e was a civilian engineering firm in Germany. They solidly supported the Nazis and were awarded many large contracts for construction and engineering in Nazi Germany. One of them was the construction of Hitler’s desired autobahn both in Germany and Poland. The Germans paid \u003cem\u003eOrganisation Todt\u003c/em\u003e so they could feed and maintain the work camps, so while Rubin was helping to build the road, he was under civilian, not SS, control. Although much depended on the individual \u003cem\u003eLagerführer\u003c/em\u003e, life in these camps was relatively decent. \u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/31568/file/100085#t=210.0,240.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/31568/file/100085/annotation_set/226/annotation/359","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eGermany attacked the Soviet Union on June 22, 1941. After that, the building of the Autobahn was abandoned and the workers sent elsewhere.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/31568/file/100085#t=240.0,270.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/31568/file/100085/annotation_set/226/annotation/360","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eMarty Storch is a Holocaust survivor who settled in Atlanta. He has contributed several oral histories to the Herbert and Esther Taylor Oral History Project.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/31568/file/100085#t=270.0,300.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/31568/file/100085/annotation_set/226/annotation/361","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eGermany attacked the Soviet Union on June 22, 1941. After that, the building of the Autobahn was abandoned and the workers sent elsewhere.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/31568/file/100085#t=330.0,360.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/31568/file/100085/annotation_set/226/annotation/362","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe Kaiserwald concentration camp was located north of the city of Riga—Latvia’s capital and largest city—and established in March 1943. Jews from Hungary, Poland, and most of the Jews that survived the liquidations of the ghettos in Latvia (including Riga) were sent to Kaiserwald and its sub-camps. By March 1944, there were around 12,000 prisoners in Kaiserwald. The prisoners were used for slave labor and contracted to German companies for the production of electrical goods or worked in factories, mines, and on farms. As the Russian army advanced in the summer of 1944, thousands of prisoners were murdered and the survivors were deported to the Stutthof concentration camp.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/31568/file/100085#t=420.0,450.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/31568/file/100085/annotation_set/226/annotation/363","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe Baltic States are Estonia, Latvia, and Lithuania. All three on in northern Europe east of the Baltic Sea\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/31568/file/100085#t=420.0,450.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/31568/file/100085/annotation_set/226/annotation/364","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe Germans evacuated the Riga-Kaiserwald slave labor camp in August and September 1944. During the evacuations, some prisoners were marched to Stutthof, while most were marched to the port of Riga and boarded onto ships bound for Stutthof via Danzig [Polish: Gdańsk]. On August 6, 1944, the \u003cem\u003eBremerhaven\u003c/em\u003e departed with 6,382 Jews. In mid-September, another transport—called the “Rosh Hashanah Transport” by the prisoners—departed Kaiserwald. On the Rosh Hashanah Transport, a Soviet submarine sank one ship. Those who had been placed aboard a Red Cross flagged ship survived, because its status protected it from attack. On September 24 or 25, 1944, the “Yom Kippur Transport” left with 3,155 prisoners. The final 190 Jews left Riga by ship on October 11, 1944. Those who survived the horrid conditions on the ships (overcrowding, illness and little to no food or water) were marched from Danzig to the Vistula River, where they were crowded onto barges for two or three days before being transferred to Stutthof. \u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/31568/file/100085#t=480.0,510.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/31568/file/100085/annotation_set/226/annotation/365","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eBuchenwald was established near Weimer, Germany at the beginning July 1937. Originally it held political prisoners, criminals, Communists, “asocials” etc. from the area. During World War II, it housed a significant population of Jewish prisoners, foreign prisoners, and Soviet POWs. The total population in Buchenwald varied between 8,000-10,000 inmates to a peak of roughly 48,000 prisoners in April 1945. In all, approximately 56,000 of the 238,980 prisoners who went through Buchenwald died. \u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/31568/file/100085#t=540.0,570.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/31568/file/100085/annotation_set/226/annotation/366","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eDuring bombing raids in World War II, the Allies would first identify the target area for the bombers by dropping color-coded magnesium flares, called target indicators. The target indicators allowed following bombers to locate the target and begin releasing their bombs. Unfortunately, placing bombs from a great height directly onto a target—even with flares marking it—was very hard to do.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/31568/file/100085#t=540.0,570.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/31568/file/100085/annotation_set/226/annotation/367","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe Allies deliberately did not bomb camps where only the labor was kept. However, around Buchenwald, there were many legitimate military targets in the form of factories. During the day of August 24, 1944, American bombers attacked the armaments works and SS facilities located near the main camp and largely destroyed them. Because the prisoners were forced to remain near the factory during the air raid, 2,000 of them were injured and 388 killed.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/31568/file/100085#t=600.0,630.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/31568/file/100085/annotation_set/226/annotation/368","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eBochumer Verein [also known as Bochum-Verein or simply referred to as Bochum] was a mining company established in 1854 in the town of Bochum, in western Germany. During World War II, the company became one of Germany’s most important armaments manufacturers. It manufactured flak guns, gun barrels, bombs, shells, torpedo parts and cast-iron pieces for the production of aircraft engines. In January 1944, the company employed thousands of foreign forced laborers and POWs, constituting more than 38 percent of its total labor force. In mid-1944, it began using concentration camp prisoners from Buchenwald to offset increasing labor shortages and barracks surrounded by barbed wire were constructed to house them at the plant. The prisoners did heavy physical labor in the foundry in high temperatures. The company paid the SS command in Buchenwald for the laborers. There was a system of reward within the labor camps at Bochum for above average production, which allotted between $0.30 and $0.50 Reichsmarks that could be cashed in at the company’s canteen. However, most prisoners were beaten and mistreated by the SS guards, foremen, and the company rather than rewarded. By November 1944, the Bochum Verien sub camp held 1,706 prisoners. The camp was evacuated on March 16, 1945 and the 1,356 surviving prisoners were transported back to Buchenwald.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/31568/file/100085#t=600.0,630.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/31568/file/100085/annotation_set/226/annotation/369","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThere were several sub-camps of Buchenwald in Düsseldorf, which is a city 48 kilometers (30 miles) west of Bochum. It is unclear where ‘Kalb’ is. There was a sub-camp of Buchenwald named ‘Heinrich Kalb’ in Bad Salzungen—a city 265 kilometers (164 miles) east of Bochum—but this is unlikely the factory Rubin is referring to.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/31568/file/100085#t=660.0,690.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/31568/file/100085/annotation_set/226/annotation/370","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe city of Bochum was first bombed during the Battle of the Ruhr—a five month long campaign from March until July 1943, in which the British Royal Air Force (RAF) strategically bombed cities in Germany’s heavily industrial Ruhr region. German air defenses inflicted heavy losses on the RAF. On 4-5 November 1944, Bochum was again bombed in an attack involving 700 British bombers. When the Bochumer Verein plant was hit, more than 10,000 high explosive and 130,000 incendiary bombs stored there caused extensive destruction in the surrounding neighborhoods. An aerial image of the destruction can be seen at \u003ca href=\"https://www.awm.gov.au/collection/SUK13897/.\"\u003ehttps://www.awm.gov.au/collection/SUK13897/.\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/31568/file/100085#t=720.0,750.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/31568/file/100085/annotation_set/226/annotation/371","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eAuschwitz-Birkenau was a network of camps built and operated by Germany just outside the Polish town of Oswiecem (renamed ‘Auschwitz’ by the Germans) in Polish areas annexed by Germany during World War II. It is estimated that the SS and police deported at a minimum 1.3 million people (approximately 1.1 million of which were Jews) to the Auschwitz-Birkenau complex between 1940 and 1945. Camp authorities murdered 1.1 million of these prisoners.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/31568/file/100085#t=780.0,810.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/31568/file/100085/annotation_set/226/annotation/372","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eRubin is referring to the attacks of September 11, 2001, also known as the ‘9/11’ attacks, which were the deadliest terrorist attacks on American soil in United States history. Nineteen militants associated with an Islamic extremist group hijacked several commercial airplanes and attacked targets in New York City and Washington, DC by crashing the planes into buildings. One failed attack resulted in a crash in rural Pennsylvania as well. The attacks caused extensive death and destruction and triggered an intensive United States effort to combat terrorism in the Middle East and around the world.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/31568/file/100085#t=780.0,810.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/31568/file/100085/annotation_set/226/annotation/373","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe Vietnam War occurred in Vietnam, Laos, and Cambodia from November 1, 1955 to the fall of Saigon on April 30, 1975. This war fought between North Vietnam—supported by the Soviet Union, China and other communist allies—and the government of South Vietnam—supported by the United States and other anti-communist allies.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/31568/file/100085#t=780.0,810.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/31568/file/100085/annotation_set/226/annotation/374","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eSiberia is an extensive geographical region in Russia that extends eastward to become what is often referred to as ‘North Asia.’ It is a sparsely populated area with long, cold winters. Siberia has been a part of Russia since the seventeenth century. The majority of Soviet forced labor camps in the 1930’s through 1950’s were in remote areas of northeastern Siberia. The Siberian labor camps were used as a form of political repression and prisoners were often worked to death.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/31568/file/100085#t=870.0,900.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/31568/file/100085/annotation_set/226/annotation/375","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe \u003cem\u003eSicherheitsdienst\u003c/em\u003e [German: Security Service] also known as the “SD,” was a special branch of the SS (\u003cem\u003eSchutzstaffel\u003c/em\u003e) that acted separately as the Nazi Party’s own intelligence and security body. \u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/31568/file/100085#t=960.0,990.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/31568/file/100085/annotation_set/226/annotation/376","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eIn August 1931, Heinrich Himmler created the \u003cem\u003eSicherheitsdienst\u003c/em\u003e (SD; “Security Service”), a special branch of the SS that acted separately as the Nazi Party’s own intelligence and security body. After Adolf Hitler became chancellor in 1933, the SD was given extra power to deal with all opposition to the Nazi government. After World War II, like the Nazi Party, both the SS and the SD were declared criminal organizations by the International Military Tribunal and banned in Germany. \u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/31568/file/100085#t=990.0,1020.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/31568/file/100085/annotation_set/226/annotation/377","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eIn addition to a large Jewish population, Buchenwald also held political prisoners, criminals, Communists, and “asocials.” Over time, more and more foreign prisoners were sent to Buchenwald, including Czech, Slovak, Dutch, Polish, French, Spanish and Soviet POWs, forced laborers, and resistance fighters. Eventually, there were prisoners from 35 nationalities in the camp. As the camps close to the advancing Allied front were evacuated in August 1944, Buchenwald’s population increased to 31,491 prisoners and its 64 sub camps had a population of 43,500 prisoners. By the end of the year, 63,048 men and 24,210 women were in Buchenwald and its sub-camps. The overcrowding left many lodged in tents or with no roof over their heads whatsoever.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/31568/file/100085#t=1230.0,1260.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/31568/file/100085/annotation_set/226/annotation/378","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe \u003cem\u003eEinsatzgruppen\u003c/em\u003e were mobile units that followed the regular German army (\u003cem\u003eWehrmacht\u003c/em\u003e) into the Soviet Union when Germany invaded it in June 1941. They were responsible for the deaths of a minimum of 1,000,000 Jews in the occupied East as well as anyone they perceived as an enemy of the state. \u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/31568/file/100085#t=1290.0,1320.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/31568/file/100085/annotation_set/226/annotation/379","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eOzorkow [Poland: Ozorków] was a textile manufacturing community in central Poland, 26 kilometers (16 miles north of Lodz). When World War II broke out, some 5,000 Jews were confined in a ghetto were workshops were opened.  Over 1,000 Jews worked outside the ghetto in a German factory. In 1941 many Jews from Ozorkow were sent to labor camps in Poznan, Poland and the surrounding area. Between May 21 and 23, 1942, about 2,000 Jews were deported to the Chelmno death camp and murdered. In August 1942, the remaining 1,800 Jews were sent to the Lodz ghetto to work\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/31568/file/100085#t=1290.0,1320.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/31568/file/100085/annotation_set/226/annotation/380","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eA \u003cem\u003ecalefactor\u003c/em\u003e is a small stove. It is also an old-fashioned word for a butler, or one who warms things up for someone, in this case the German’s shoes. \u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/31568/file/100085#t=1830.0,1860.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/31568/file/100085/annotation_set/226/annotation/381","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe Theresienstadt (Terezín) \"camp-ghetto\" near Prague in the present day Czech Republic was opened in late 1941 and existed until May 1945. It served as a ghetto, an assembly camp, and a concentration camp. It was originally designed to hold prominent Jews, persons of special merit and old people and to camouflage the extermination of European Jews of world opinion by presenting it as a “model Jewish settlement.”  In the course of its existence, approximately 140,000 Jews from Germany, Austria, and about one third of the Jewish population of Bohemia and Moravia were sent to Theresienstadt. Roughly 33,000 died in Theresienstadt itself. Nearly 90,000 Jews were deported to other ghettos, concentration camps, and extermination camps in Nazi-occupied Eastern Europe.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/31568/file/100085#t=1920.0,1950.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/31568/file/100085/annotation_set/226/annotation/382","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eChemnitz is the German name of a town currently on the border with the Czech Republic. In Czech, it is known as Saska Kamenice and it is 23 miles from Terezin/Theresienstadt.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/31568/file/100085#t=1980.0,2010.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/31568/file/100085/annotation_set/226/annotation/383","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003ePilsen [Czech: Plzeñ] is a city about 90 kilometres [56 miles] west of Prague. The Germans occupied it from 1939 until General George S. Patton’s Third Army liberated it on May 6, 1945.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/31568/file/100085#t=2190.0,2220.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/31568/file/100085/annotation_set/226/annotation/384","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eAfter liberation, camp survivors faced a long and difficult road to recovery. Eating foods that were too rich or complex for survivors’ bodies to handle could exasperate years of malnutrition and starvation, resulting in sickness or death. The Czech doctors were keeping food from Rubin so that he would not eat too much too soon.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/31568/file/100085#t=2460.0,2490.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/31568/file/100085/annotation_set/226/annotation/385","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe Prague uprising was an attempt by the Czech resistance to liberate the city of Prague from German occupation during World War II. Events began on May 5, 1945, in the last moments of the war in Europe. The uprising lasted until May 8, 1945 with a ceasefire between the Czech resistance and the then retreating Germans. The Germans had unconditionally surrendered to the Allies, effectively ending the war, on the previous day. The Americans did not help the Czech insurgents due to previous political agreements with the Soviets. On May 9, the Soviet Red Army entered Prague. The city was liberated on May 11, 1945—nine days after the fall of Berlin and three days after the Third Reich’s capitulation.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/31568/file/100085#t=2730.0,2760.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/31568/file/100085/annotation_set/226/annotation/386","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eDwight David Eisenhower (1890-1969) was the 34th President of the United States, serving from 1953 until 1961. He was a five-star general in the United States Army during World War II and served as Supreme Commander of the Allied Forces in Europe, headquartered in Reims, France. Prior to the Prague uprising in May 1945, the Soviets and Western Allies had agreed upon a demarcation line. Much of Eastern and Central Europe, including Prague, would be controlled by the Soviets. Although American forces were already in western Czechoslovakia and could reach Prague sooner than the Soviet forces advancing from the east and south, General Dwight D. Eisenhower denied requests to advance on Prague, as it would have violated the agreement.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/31568/file/100085#t=2760.0,2790.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/31568/file/100085/annotation_set/226/annotation/387","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003e‘White Russian’ refers either to a Russian who supported the tsar in the 1917 Revolution and the Russian Civil War (1917–1923) or to a person from Belarus, particularly the eastern part of present-day Belarus.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/31568/file/100085#t=2850.0,2880.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/31568/file/100085/annotation_set/226/annotation/388","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eAmerican forces under the leadership of General George S. Patton liberated western Czechoslovakia in early May 1945 but halted outside of Pilsen (about 90 kilometres [56 miles] west of Prague. They remained until November, when the Soviets took over.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/31568/file/100085#t=3000.0,3030.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/31568/file/100085/annotation_set/226/annotation/389","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eJoseph Vissarionovich Stalin (1878-1953) was the leader of the Soviet Union from the mid-1920’s until his death. He is considered one of the most powerful and murderous dictators in history.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/31568/file/100085#t=3210.0,3240.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/31568/file/100085/annotation_set/226/annotation/390","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe Kiddush Bacchus is a goblet—often lavishly decorated and made of silver—used during the Kiddush ceremony, where a glass of wine is a blessing recited over wine to sanctify the Shabbat and Jewish holidays. The association comes from a misinterpretation by Plutarch, a first century pagan, who mistakenly interpreted the use of wine in Jewish customs with worshipping the Greek god of wine, Dionysus, and the Roman equivalent, Bacchus.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/31568/file/100085#t=3360.0,3390.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/31568/file/100085/annotation_set/226/annotation/391","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eBamberg is a historic city in central Germany, located on the Main River, approximately 55 kilometers (34 miles) north of Nuremberg [German: Nürnberg]. After World War II, Bamberg was one of the largest cities in the northernmost part of the American zone of Germany, close to the Soviet zone.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/31568/file/100085#t=3480.0,3510.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/31568/file/100085/annotation_set/226/annotation/392","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eWhen hostilities ended on May 8, 1945 in Europe, as many as 100,000 Jewish survivors found themselves among the 7,000,000 uprooted and homeless people classified as displaced persons (DPs). Allied forces established temporary facilities (DP Camps) across Germany, Austria, and Italy to house DPs. From 1945 to 1952, more than 250,000 Jewish displaced persons lived in camps and urban centers in Germany, Austria, and Italy. Allied authorities and the United Nations Relief and Rehabilitation Administration (UNRRA) administered these facilities.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/31568/file/100085#t=3510.0,3540.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/31568/file/100085/annotation_set/226/annotation/393","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eMunich is the capital of the German state of Bavaria. It is located on the River Isar, north of the Alps. After World War II, the city was occupied by the United States.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/31568/file/100085#t=3570.0,3600.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/31568/file/100085/annotation_set/226/annotation/394","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eRubin’s mother, Leia, died in 1942. His father, Mojsze, died in the Lodz ghetto on March 12, 1944. Rubin’s older brother, Abram, was deported from the Lodz ghetto on September 1, 1943, but it is unclear where he was sent. His younger sister, Fajga, and younger brother, Icek, were deported from the Lodz ghetto to the Chelmno extermination camp on July 12, 1944.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/31568/file/100085#t=3600.0,3630.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/31568/file/100085/annotation_set/226/annotation/395","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eCzestochowa [Polish: Częstochowa; sometimes also spelled ‘Czenstochowa’] is a city located about 200 kilometers (124 miles) southwest of Warsaw, Poland. The Germans occupied Czestochowa on September 3, 1939. In April 1941, a ghetto was created and the Jews were forced into it along with refugees from Lodz, Radomsko, Warsaw, Krakow, Plock and other cities. Between September and November 1942, the ghetto was mostly liquidated in a series of Aktions, but the able-bodied men were sent to temporary labor camps outside the city, some of them belonging to HASAG, a major ammunition manufacturer. \u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/31568/file/100085#t=3600.0,3630.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/31568/file/100085/annotation_set/226/annotation/396","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eFeldafing was the first all-Jewish displaced persons camp. It was originally a summer camp for Hitler Youth, and was located 20 miles southwest of Munich, Germany in the American zone of occupation. The DP camp was opened on May 1, 1945.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/31568/file/100085#t=3630.0,3660.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/31568/file/100085/annotation_set/226/annotation/397","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eLola Borkowska (1926-1999), her sister Henia Borkowska, their older brother, Luzer Borkowski, and father, Miechel (Leon) Borkowski, survived the Holocaust and immigrated to the US in June 1946. Lola’s stepmother died in Bergen-Belsen concentration camp one day after liberation.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/31568/file/100085#t=3660.0,3690.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/31568/file/100085/annotation_set/226/annotation/398","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eA Jewish hymn sometimes changes at the end of the morning services. In many synagogues it is sung; in some Orthodox synagogues it is said quietly to themselves.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/31568/file/100085#t=3840.0,3870.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/31568/file/100085/annotation_set/226/annotation/399","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eAdler was a German automobile and motorcycle manufacturer from 1900 until 1957.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/31568/file/100085#t=4050.0,4080.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/31568/file/100085/annotation_set/226/annotation/400","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eYiddish is the common historical language of Ashkenazi Jews from Central and Eastern Europe. It is heavily Germanic based but uses the Hebrew alphabet. The language was spoken or understood as a common tongue for many European Jews up until the middle of the twentieth century.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/31568/file/100085#t=4260.0,4290.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/31568/file/100085/annotation_set/226/annotation/401","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eHebrw Immigrant Aid Society, or HIAS, was founded in 1881. Its original purpose was the help the constant flow of Jewish immigrants from Russian in relocating. During and after World War II, they had offices throughout Europe, South and Central America and the Far East. They worked to get Jews out of Europe and to any country that would have them by providing tickets and information about visas. After World War II, they assisted 167,000 Jews to leave DP camps and emigrate elsewhere.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/31568/file/100085#t=4440.0,4470.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/31568/file/100085/annotation_set/226/annotation/402","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eRubin left the port of Bremerhaven, Germany on January 3, 1947 aboard the \u003cem\u003eSS Ernie Pyle\u003c/em\u003e. 896 passengers were aboard—among them were 628 concentration camp survivors, 92 orphaned children, and 176 repatriating American citizens. The \u003cem\u003eSS Ernie Pyle\u003c/em\u003e was a transport ship used after the war as a carrier for displaced persons (DPs) and refugees from Europe immigrating to the United States. The ship encountered four days of storm while at sea. It arrived in New York City, New York on January 16, 1947. \u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/31568/file/100085#t=4440.0,4470.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/31568/file/100085/annotation_set/226/annotation/403","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe Funk Kaserne Emigration and Repatriation Center was operated near Munich, Germany by the United Nations Relief and Rehabilitation Administration (UNRRA). It was originally a military barracks built in 1936. \u003cem\u003eFunk\u003c/em\u003e is German for “radio” and \u003cem\u003eKaserne\u003c/em\u003e means “barracks.” \u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/31568/file/100085#t=4470.0,4500.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/31568/file/100085/annotation_set/226/annotation/404","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eA ‘greenhorn’ is an inexperienced person, and oftentimes refers to newcomers who are unfamiliar with the ways of a place or group.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/31568/file/100085#t=4710.0,4740.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/31568/file/100085/annotation_set/226/annotation/405","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eConey Island is a peninsular residential neighborhood, beach, and leisure/entertainment destination on the Coney Island Channel, which is in the southwestern part of the borough of Brooklyn in New York City.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/31568/file/100085#t=5250.0,5280.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/31568/file/100085/annotation_set/226/annotation/406","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eJack Storch is a Holocaust survivor who settled in Atlanta, Georgia. He has contributed an oral history to the Esther and Herbert Taylor Oral History Project.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/31568/file/100085#t=5700.0,5730.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/31568/file/100085/annotation_set/226/annotation/407","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eEast Point is a suburban city located southwest of Atlanta in Fulton County, Georgia, United States\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/31568/file/100085#t=5730.0,5760.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/31568/file/100085/annotation_set/226/annotation/408","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eA \u003cem\u003eshtetl\u003c/em\u003e [Yiddish: town] is a small town, usually in Eastern Europe, with a significant Jewish presence in it, who primarily spoke Yiddish. \u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/31568/file/100085#t=5790.0,5820.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/31568/file/100085/annotation_set/226/annotation/409","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe Great Depression was a severe worldwide economic depression in the decade preceding World War II. The time of the Great Depression varied across nations, but in most countries it started in about 1929 and lasted until the late 1930’s or early 1940’s. It was the longest, most widespread, and deepest depression of the twentieth century.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/31568/file/100085#t=5790.0,5820.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/31568/file/100085/annotation_set/226/annotation/410","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eA \u003cem\u003ebar mitzvah\u003c/em\u003e [Hebrew: son of commandment] is a rite of passage for Jewish boys aged 13 years and one day.  At that time, a Jewish boy is considered a responsible adult for most religious purposes. He is now duty bound to keep the commandments, he puts on \u003cem\u003etefillin\u003c/em\u003e, and may be counted to the \u003cem\u003eminyan\u003c/em\u003e quorum for public worship. He celebrates the \u003cem\u003ebar mitzvah\u003c/em\u003e by being called up to the reading of the \u003cem\u003eTorah\u003c/em\u003e in the synagogue, usually on the next available Sabbath after his Hebrew birthday. \u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/31568/file/100085#t=6000.0,6030.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/31568/file/100085/annotation_set/226/annotation/411","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eAshkenazi is an ethnic division of Jews, which formed in the Holy Roman Empire in the early 1000’s. They established communities in Central and Eastern Europe. Sephardic Jews are the Jews of Spain, Portugal, North Africa and the Middle East and their descendants.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/31568/file/100085#t=6060.0,6090.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/31568/file/100085/annotation_set/226/annotation/412","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eFounded at the end of the eighteenth century, the ORT’s [Russian: Общество Ремесленного Труда, Obchestvo Remeslenogo Truda, \"Association for the Promotion of Skilled Trades] mission is to advance Jewish people through training and education. After World War II, ORT was very active in the DP camps with rehabilitation programs in 78 camps. Some 85,000 Jews were trained in new profession and provided with the tools they needed to rebuild their lives.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/31568/file/100085#t=7050.0,7080.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/31568/file/100085/annotation_set/226/annotation/413","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eEternal Life-\u003cem\u003eHemshech\u003c/em\u003e is an organization of Atlanta Holocaust survivors, their descendants and friends dedicated to commemorating the 6,000,000 Jewish victims of the Holocaust. Approximately 100 Holocaust survivors living in Atlanta, Georgia founded Eternal Life-\u003cem\u003eHemshech\u003c/em\u003e in 1964. \u003cem\u003eHemshech\u003c/em\u003e is a Hebrew word that means “continuation.” Their purpose was to to build a memorial to serve as a place to say \u003cem\u003eKaddish\u003c/em\u003e, the Jewish prayer for the dead and \"perpetuate the memory of their beloved families along with all of the six million Jewish victims of the Holocaust.\" The committee was comprised Abraham Gastfiend, Mala Gastfiend, Gaston Nitka, Rubin Lansky, and Rubin Pichulik. Dr. Leon Rosen served as chairman and Lola Lansky and Nathan Bromberg were co-chairs. \u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/31568/file/100085#t=7050.0,7080.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/31568/file/100085/annotation_set/226/annotation/414","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eEternal Life-\u003cem\u003eHemshech\u003c/em\u003e built the Memorial to the Six Million in Greenwood Cemetery in Atlanta, Georgia. The open-air structure is composed of four granite walls that interlock to form a single \"interior\" space where six white torches rise above the walls. The torches rise from a black granite coffin that contains the ashes of an unknown victim from the concentration camp at Dachau, Germany and are lit during special ceremonies. Funds for the memorial were raised entirely within the Holocaust survivor community in Atlanta. The memorial was dedicated on April 25, 1965 It was the second Holocaust memorial to be built in the United States and was placed on the National Register of Historic Places on April 21, 2008. \u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/31568/file/100085#t=7050.0,7080.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/31568/file/100085/annotation_set/226/annotation/415","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe former Atlanta Jewish Community Center (AJCC) campus was located in Midtown Atlanta. Today (2017), The Marcus Jewish Community Center of Atlanta is the primary Jewish community center in Atlanta. \u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/31568/file/100085#t=7080.0,7110.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/31568/file/100085/annotation_set/226/annotation/416","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eLandsman is a Yiddish term for a fellow Jew who comes from the same district or town, especially in Eastern Europe.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/31568/file/100085#t=7170.0,7200.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/31568/file/100085/annotation_set/226/annotation/417","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eHarold Hersch (1924-2013) was a Holocaust survivor from Lodz, Poland who settled in Atlanta, Georgia and became a successful grocery store owner.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/31568/file/100085#t=7320.0,7350.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/31568/file/100085/annotation_set/226/annotation/418","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eAbraham (Abe) Besser (1926- ) is a Holocaust survivor from Krzepice, Poland who settled in Atlanta, Georgia and started his own construction business.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/31568/file/100085#t=7320.0,7350.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/31568/file/100085/annotation_set/226/annotation/419","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eBoris Ulman (1925-2006) was a Holocaust survivor from Braslaw, Poland who fought the Nazis in the Russian Army in the Partisan Underground Resistance Movement before later settling in Atlanta, Georgia.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/31568/file/100085#t=7320.0,7350.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/31568/file/100085/annotation_set/226/annotation/420","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eBenjamin Hirsch is a Holocaust survivor from Frankfurt, Germany. He and four of his siblings were sent on a Kindertransport to France and then the United States and Atlanta. Ben is an architect who designed the Holocaust Gallery at the William Breman Jewish Heritage Museum as well as the Memorial to the Six Million in Atlanta’s Greenwood Cemetery. For a more detailed version of the construction of the Memorial, please see Ben’s oral history for the Herbert and Esther Taylor Oral History Project.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/31568/file/100085#t=7350.0,7380.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/31568/file/100085/annotation_set/226/annotation/421","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eAn \u003cem\u003eeruv\u003c/em\u003e is an exemption that allows religious Jews to carry things like house keys, medicines, babies or use strollers and canes, all of which are strictly prohibited on the Sabbath. \u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/31568/file/100085#t=7440.0,7470.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/31568/file/100085/annotation_set/226/annotation/422","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eA \u003cem\u003esiddur\u003c/em\u003e is a Jewish prayer book, containing a set order of daily prayers. \u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/31568/file/100085#t=7440.0,7470.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/31568/file/100085/annotation_set/226/annotation/423","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eLola Lansky’s story can be found in Helmreich, William B. \u003cem\u003eAgainst all odds: Holocaust survivors and the successful lives they made in America\u003c/em\u003e. New Brunswick, NJ: Simon \u0026amp; Schuster, 2012. \u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/31568/file/100085#t=7560.0,7590.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/31568/file/100085/annotation_set/226/annotation/424","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eAlthough racial policies and nationalistic sentiments drove most of the Nazi regime’s persecution of civilians during the Holocaust, any potential political opponent was also persecuted. Professors and teachers were often persecuted and the Nazi regime also saw a potential for dissent in criticisms that came from both Protestant and Catholic church leaders.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/31568/file/100085#t=7770.0,7800.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/31568/file/100085/annotation_set/226/annotation/425","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eFrom 1938, a yellow star sewn onto their prison uniforms (a perversion of the Jewish Star of David symbol) identified Jews in the camps. After 1939 and with some variation from camp to camp, the categories of prisoners were easily identified by a marking system combining a colored inverted triangle with lettering. The badges sewn onto prisoner uniforms enabled SS guards to identify the alleged grounds for incarceration. Criminals were marked with green inverted triangles; political prisoners with red; \"asocials\" (including Roma, nonconformists, vagrants, and other groups) with black or—in the case of Roma in some camps—brown triangles. Homosexuals were identified with pink triangles and Jehovah's Witnesses with purple ones. Non-German prisoners were identified by the first letter of the German name for their home country, which was sewn onto their badge. The two triangles forming the Jewish star badge would both be yellow unless the Jewish prisoner was included in one of the other prisoner categories. A Jewish political prisoner, for example, would be identified with a yellow triangle beneath a red triangle.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/31568/file/100085#t=7800.0,7830.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/31568/file/100085/annotation_set/226/annotation/426","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eAhavath Achim (known as ‘AA’) is an Orthodox congregation founded in 1887 in Atlanta, Georgia. In 1977, AA dedicated a \u003cem\u003eTorah\u003c/em\u003e saved from Ozorkow, Poland. For a more detailed version of how this \u003cem\u003eTorah\u003c/em\u003e came to Ahavath Achim, please see the testimony of Lola Lanksy, Rubin’s wife or visit \u003ca href=\"http://thebreman.org/Portals/0/Manuscript%20Collections/Mss%20167%20Rubin%20and%20Lola%20Lansky%20Papers/mss0167.001.012.pdf.http://thebreman.org/Portals/0/Manuscript%20Collections/Mss%20167%20Rubin%20and%20Lola%20Lansky%20Papers/mss0167.001.012.pdf.\"\u003ehttp://thebreman.org/Portals/0/Manuscript%20Collections/Mss%20167%20Rubin%20and%20Lola%20Lansky%20Papers/mss0167.001.012.pdf. \u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/31568/file/100085#t=8790.0,8820.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/31568/file/100085/annotation_set/226/annotation/427","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eRabbi Harry Epstein (1903-2003) served as the rabbi of Ahavath Achim from 1928 to 1982. Under his leadership the congregation began to shift to Conservatism, which they adopted in 1952. Rabbi Epstein retired in 1982, becoming Rabbi Emeritus.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/31568/file/100085#t=8820.0,8850.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/31568/file/100085/annotation_set/226/annotation/428","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe \u003cem\u003eTorah\u003c/em\u003e cover, or \u003cem\u003eTorah\u003c/em\u003e mantle, is an ornate covering that both protects and beautifies the \u003cem\u003eSefer Torah\u003c/em\u003e, typically made of velvet and embroidered with metallic thread, silk, and ornamental beads. \u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/31568/file/100085#t=8880.0,8910.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/31568/file/100085/annotation_set/226/annotation/429","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eA \u003cem\u003ebat mitzvah\u003c/em\u003e [Hebrew: daughter of commandment] is a rite of passage for Jewish girls aged 12 years and one day according to her Hebrew birthday. Many girls have their \u003cem\u003ebat mitzvah\u003c/em\u003e around age 13, the same as boys who have their\u003cem\u003e bar mitzvah\u003c/em\u003e at that age. She is now duty bound to keep the commandments. Synagogue ceremonies are held for \u003cem\u003ebat mitzvah\u003c/em\u003e girls in Reform and Conservative communities, but it has not won the universal approval of Orthodox rabbis.  \u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/31568/file/100085#t=8910.0,8940.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/31568/file/100085/annotation_set/226/annotation/430","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe Jewish Federation of Greater Atlanta raises funds, which are dispersed throughout the Jewish community.  Services also include caring for Jews in need locally and around the world, community outreach, leadership development, and educational opportunities.  It is part of the Jewish Federation of North America (JFNA).\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/31568/file/100085#t=8910.0,8940.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/31568/file/100085/annotation_set/226/annotation/431","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe desecration of \u003cem\u003eTorah\u003c/em\u003e scrolls and other holy artifacts was a popular method of humiliation and abuse employed by the Nazis. \u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/31568/file/100085#t=8970.0,9000.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/31568/file/100085/annotation_set/226/annotation/432","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eSome former Nazi party members and SS officers did find safe haven in other countries after the end of World War II. Many—such as Adolf Eichmann, Eduard Roschmann, Walter Rauff, Gustav Wagner, and Dr. Josef Mengele—found shelter in South American countries such as Argentina, Brazil, and Chile.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/31568/file/100085#t=9000.0,9030.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/31568/file/100085/annotation_set/226/annotation/433","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eLéon Blum was a French politician, who was three times the Prime Minister of France (1936-1937, 1938, 1946-1947). Pierre Mendès France was Prime Minister from 1954-1955.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/31568/file/100085#t=9030.0,9060.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/31568/file/100085/annotation_set/226/annotation/434","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe United States has no statutory official language; English has been used on a de facto basis, owing to its status as the country's predominant language. In January 1795, a proposal was made to Congress to publish copies of federal laws in German as well as English. While the United States House of Representatives debated a 1794 petition made by a group of German immigrants living in Virginia, no bill was ever presented or voted on. In fact, only a vote to adjourn and sit again on the recommendation was made. That vote (sometimes known as “the Muhlenberg Vote,” after the Speaker of the House of Representatives) failed 42 to 41, which lead to rumors about German nearly becoming the official language of the United States. A month later, the House again considered the issue and finally approved publication of current statutes, as well as future ones, in English only. The bill was agreed to by the Senate and signed by President George Washington in March 1795.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/31568/file/100085#t=9090.0,9120.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/31568/file/100085/annotation_set/226/annotation/435","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eSelection (German: \u003cem\u003eSelektion\u003c/em\u003e) is the term the Nazi regime used to describe the process of choosing victims for the gas chambers in the extermination camps by separating them from those considered fit to work. \u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/31568/file/100085#t=9360.0,9390.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/31568/file/100085/annotation_set/226/annotation/436","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eLarge amounts of strips of aluminum (chaff) were thrown from bombers during World War II, which would jam the radar and allow the actual airplanes to be undetected. The countermeasure was first used by the British but was immediately copied by the Germans and used back against them.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/31568/file/100085#t=9480.0,9510.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/31568/file/100085/annotation_set/226/annotation/437","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eCatholic Monarchs Ferdinand II of Aragon and Isabella I of Castile established the Tribunal of the Holy Office of the Inquisition, commonly known as the ‘Spanish Inquisition,’ in 1478. It was originally intended to ensure the orthodoxy of those who converted from Judaism and Islam. Those Jews who converted were called “\u003cem\u003econversos\u003c/em\u003e” (converts), and were regarded with deep suspicion by the tribunal. Eventually, all Jews who refused to convert were totally expelled from Spain in 1492. The figures vary dramatically from 800,000 to more modern figures of 40,000 (with about 40,000 Jews converting to avoid expulsion). The conversos who remained in Spain were heavily persecuted, and, if accused and convicted of being a “crypto-Jew,” were often burned at the stake. Other minorities suffered as well. \u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/31568/file/100085#t=9540.0,9570.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/31568/file/100085/annotation_set/226/annotation/438","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eAlbert Einstein (1879-1955) was a German-born theoretical physicist. He developed the general theory of relativity, one of the two pillars of modern physics. He was visiting the United States when Adolf Hitler came to power in 1933 and, being Jewish, did not go back to Germany, where he had been a professor at the Berlin Academy of Sciences. He settled in the U.S., becoming an American citizen in 1940. On the eve of World War II, he endorsed a letter to President Franklin D. Roosevelt alerting him to the potential development of extremely powerful bombs of a new type and recommending that the U.S. begin similar research. This eventually led to what would become the Manhattan Project. Einstein was affiliated with the Institute for Advanced Study in Princeton, New Jersey, until his death in 1955.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/31568/file/100085#t=9660.0,9690.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/31568/file/100085/annotation_set/226/annotation/439","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eFranklin Delano Roosevelt (1882-1945) was the 32nd President of the United States and a central figure in world events during the mid-twentieth century, leading the United States through a time of worldwide economic crisis and war.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/31568/file/100085#t=9750.0,9780.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/31568/file/100085/annotation_set/226/annotation/440","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eHeavy water is a form of water that contains a larger than normal amount of a hydrogen isotope known as ‘deuterium,’ which was thought to be useful for developing atomic (nuclear) bombs. A Norwegian company, Norsk Hydro, became the first commercial heavy-water plant in 1934. The Nazi invasion of Norway in 1940 transferred control of the plant—and most of the world's heavy water—to Germany. Between 1940 and 1944, the factory was the target of sabotage and bombing strikes by British forces and the Norwegian Resistance. In the early 1940’s, Allied countries joined the race for heavy water, and by 1944, the Manhattan Project had made 20 tons of the precious liquid.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/31568/file/100085#t=9810.0,9840.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/31568/file/100085/annotation_set/226/annotation/441","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eJ. Robert Oppenheimer (1904-1967) was an American theoretical physicist. He was among those who are called the “father of the atomic bomb” for their role in the Manhattan Project during World War II. After the war he became involved with trying to stem the development of nuclear weapons.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/31568/file/100085#t=9840.0,9870.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/31568/file/100085/annotation_set/226/annotation/442","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eWerner von Braun (1912-1977) was a German rocket scientist, aerospace engineer, space architect and one of the leading figures in the development of rocket technology in Nazi Germany during World War II. He is credited as being the ‘Father of Rocket Science.’ Von Braun was the central figure in the development of the design and realization of the V-2 rocket which used slave labor to build the rockets and which killed 9,000 civilians in England and Belgium in late 1944. After the war, he and some select members of his rocket team were brought to the United States as part of the then-secret Operation Paperclip. He worked for NASA and served as director of the newly formed Marshall Space Flight Center and was the chief architect of the Saturn V launch vehicle, which took the astronauts to the Moon.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/31568/file/100085#t=9840.0,9870.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/31568/file/100085/annotation_set/226/annotation/443","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eNiels Henrik David Bohr (1885-1962) was a Danish physicist who made foundational contributions to understanding atomic structure and quantum theory, for which he received the Nobel Prize in Physics in 1922. He is often referred to as the \"father of the hydrogen bomb.\"\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/31568/file/100085#t=9840.0,9870.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/31568/file/100085/annotation_set/226/annotation/444","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eEnrico Fermi (1901-1904) was an Italian physicist and the creator of the world's first nuclear reactor. He has been called the \"architect of the nuclear age\" and the \"architect of the atomic bomb\". Fermi won the Nobel Prize in Physics in 1938, the same year he immigrated to the United States to escape Mussolini's fascist dictatorship. He then became one of the leaders of the team of physicists on the Manhattan Project.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/31568/file/100085#t=9840.0,9870.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/31568/file/100085/annotation_set/226/annotation/445","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eEdward Teller (1908-2003) was a Hungarian-born American theoretical physicist. He was an early member of the Manhattan Project and headed a group at Los Alamos in the Theoretical Physics division\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/31568/file/100085#t=9840.0,9870.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/31568/file/100085/annotation_set/226/annotation/446","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eGermany began its program to develop an atomic bomb in April 1939. Influential people involved in the program—which was called \u003cem\u003eUranverein\u003c/em\u003e [German: uranium club]—included Kurt Deibner and Werner Heisenberg. Significant work on the German project was halted in June of 1942, as little progress had been made and resources had to be allocated to the immediate war effort. \u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/31568/file/100085#t=9870.0,9900.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/31568/file/100085/annotation_set/226/annotation/447","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eFounded in 1867, The Temple on Peachtree Street in Atlanta, Georgia is a Reform congregation and the oldest Jewish congregation in Atlanta.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/31568/file/100085#t=9930.0,9960.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/31568/file/100085/annotation_set/226/annotation/448","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe term ‘\u003cem\u003eMisnagdim\u003c/em\u003e’ or ‘\u003cem\u003eMitnagdim\u003c/em\u003e’ [Hebrew: opponents; pl: \u003cem\u003emisnaged\u003c/em\u003e or \u003cem\u003emitnaged\u003c/em\u003e] gained a common usage among European Jews as the term that referred to Ashkenazi Jews who opposed Hasidic Judaism. \u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/31568/file/100085#t=9930.0,9960.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/31568/file/100085/annotation_set/226/annotation/449","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eOrthodox Judaism is a traditional branch of Judaism that strictly follows the Written Torah and the Oral Law concerning prayer, dress, food, sex, family relations, social behavior, the Sabbath day, holidays and more\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/31568/file/100085#t=9930.0,9960.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/31568/file/100085/annotation_set/226/annotation/450","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eHasidic Judaism is a Jewish mystical movement that was founded in eighteenth century Eastern Europe by Rabbi Israel Baal Shem Tov. It promotes spirituality through the popularization and internalization of Jewish mysticism as the fundamental aspect of the faith.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/31568/file/100085#t=9930.0,9960.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/31568/file/100085/annotation_set/226/annotation/451","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003e‘\u003cem\u003eBesmedrech\u003c/em\u003e’ is a Yiddish term that refers to a prayer house or study house, often found next to Orthodox synagogues in Eastern Europe, where members of the congregation study the \u003cem\u003eTorah\u003c/em\u003e.  \u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/31568/file/100085#t=9960.0,9990.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/31568/file/100085/annotation_set/226/annotation/452","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eA \u003cem\u003eshtiebel\u003c/em\u003e [pl. \u003cem\u003eshtiebelekh\u003c/em\u003e] is a Yiddish term meaning “little house” or “little room” and is a place used for communal Jewish prayer. It is not a formal synagogue as it is far smaller and more casual. It was usually a room in a private home or place of business. They were common in Jewish communities in Eastern Europe before the Holocaust, and they continue to exist in Hasidic communities in the United States today. \u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/31568/file/100085#t=9960.0,9990.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/31568/file/100085/annotation_set/226/annotation/453","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eSpanish Conquistadors first introduced potatoes to Europe in the sixteenth century, but the potato only gained popularity as a relatively easy crop to grow and became a common part of Europeans’ diets after wars, diseases, and crop failures created famines throughout Europe in the seventeenth century.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/31568/file/100085#t=9990.0,10020.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/31568/file/100085/annotation_set/226/annotation/454","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eA \u003cem\u003eshtreimel\u003c/em\u003e is a fur hat worn by many married Orthodox Jewish men, particularly (although not exclusively) members of Hasidic groups, on Shabbat and Jewish holidays and other festive occasions. \u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/31568/file/100085#t=10050.0,10080.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/31568/file/100085/annotation_set/226/annotation/455","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eJewish leaders have historically looked upon intermarriage of Jews and non-Jews with strong disfavor and it remains a controversial issue today. According to a nationwide survey called \u003cem\u003eThe National Jewish Population Survey 2000-2001: Strength, Challenge and Diversity in the American Jewish Population\u003c/em\u003e, which was conducted by the United Jewish Communities, 47 percent of Jews in the United States marrying between 1996 and 2001 married non-Jews. \u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/31568/file/100085#t=10170.0,10200.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/31568/file/100085/annotation_set/226/annotation/456","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe \u003cem\u003eTalmud\u003c/em\u003e is a legal code spanning 1,000 years based on the teachings of the Bible. It has two divisions: the \u003cem\u003eMishnah\u003c/em\u003e and the \u003cem\u003eGemarah\u003c/em\u003e. The \u003cem\u003eMishnah\u003c/em\u003e is the interpretation of Biblical law. The \u003cem\u003eGemarah\u003c/em\u003e is a commentary on the \u003cem\u003eMishnah\u003c/em\u003e by a group of later scholars. \u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/31568/file/100085#t=10230.0,10260.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/31568/file/100085/annotation_set/226/annotation/457","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eChasidim\u003c/em\u003e [From the Hebrew word \"\u003cem\u003eChasid\u003c/em\u003e\" meaning \"pious”] refers to a branch of Orthodox Judaism that maintains a lifestyle separate from the non-Jewish world. \u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/31568/file/100085#t=10320.0,10350.0"}]},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/31568/file/100085/index/47327","type":"AnnotationPage","label":{"en":["Lansky, Rubin [Index]"]},"items":[{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/31568/file/100085/index/47327/annotation/458","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"When the Germans Came for the Jews","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Title"]}}],"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/31568/file/100085#t=14.0,72.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/31568/file/100085/index/47327/annotation/459","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I'm going to start when they took us away. They organized right away. They come in a strange land. They wanted 120 people to go to work. They had made already the Jewish police and they came for us.","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Partial Transcript"]}}],"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/31568/file/100085#t=14.0,72.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/31568/file/100085/index/47327/annotation/460","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Jewish Police","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Lodz, Poland","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Nazis","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Schutzstaffel - SS","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}}],"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/31568/file/100085#t=14.0,72.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/31568/file/100085/index/47327/annotation/461","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Making the Autobahn and Working for Organization Todt","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Title"]}}],"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/31568/file/100085#t=72.0,413.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/31568/file/100085/index/47327/annotation/462","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"From over there, they took us to make the first Autobahn.","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Partial Transcript"]}}],"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/31568/file/100085#t=72.0,413.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/31568/file/100085/index/47327/annotation/463","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Autobahn","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Latvia, Estonia","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Lodz, Poland","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Marty Storch","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Organization Todt","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"SR","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Working Battalion","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}}],"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/31568/file/100085#t=72.0,413.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/31568/file/100085/index/47327/annotation/464","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Going to a Camp in Riga","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Title"]}}],"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/31568/file/100085#t=413.0,533.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/31568/file/100085/index/47327/annotation/465","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"From over there, the Russians start to approach. So they came for us. They sent us . . . They put us in a concentration camp in Riga . . . small concentration camp.","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Partial Transcript"]}}],"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/31568/file/100085#t=413.0,533.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/31568/file/100085/index/47327/annotation/466","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Baltic Sea","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Concentration Camp","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Riga, Latvia","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}}],"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/31568/file/100085#t=413.0,533.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/31568/file/100085/index/47327/annotation/467","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Sent to Buchenwald","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Title"]}}],"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/31568/file/100085#t=533.0,620.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/31568/file/100085/index/47327/annotation/468","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"From over there, they put us in a concentration camp for about three days. Then they sent us to Buchenwald. Buchenwald . . . One day, they marking the skies. We didn't know why there were marks in the skies.","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Partial Transcript"]}}],"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/31568/file/100085#t=533.0,620.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/31568/file/100085/index/47327/annotation/469","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Bombing","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Buchenwald Concentration Camp","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Communists","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Factories","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Germans","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}}],"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/31568/file/100085#t=533.0,620.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/31568/file/100085/index/47327/annotation/470","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Going to Bochum","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Title"]}}],"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/31568/file/100085#t=620.0,801.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/31568/file/100085/index/47327/annotation/471","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"After the bombing, they sent us to Bochum. There was a factory for ammunition. Everything with push buttons. There was an oven.","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Partial Transcript"]}}],"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/31568/file/100085#t=620.0,801.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/31568/file/100085/index/47327/annotation/472","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Ammunintion Factory","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Bochum","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Bombing","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Dusseldorf","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Kalb","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}}],"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/31568/file/100085#t=620.0,801.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/31568/file/100085/index/47327/annotation/473","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Health, Outlook, and Helping Hands","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Title"]}}],"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/31568/file/100085#t=801.0,1053.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/31568/file/100085/index/47327/annotation/474","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"What condition were you in at that point, in terms of your health and your outlook?","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Partial Transcript"]}}],"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/31568/file/100085#t=801.0,1053.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/31568/file/100085/index/47327/annotation/475","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Health Conditions","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Israelites","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Lagerfuhrer","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Latvia","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Schutzstaffel - SS","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Sicherheitdienst - SD","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}}],"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/31568/file/100085#t=801.0,1053.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/31568/file/100085/index/47327/annotation/476","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Taking out Time Bombs","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Title"]}}],"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/31568/file/100085#t=1053.0,1253.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/31568/file/100085/index/47327/annotation/477","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"The SD came over and they said, \"Who wants to volunteer to take the bombs out?\" I said, \"What have I got to lose?\" I'm going to take a bomb out. How can you take a bomb out? I don't know how deep it is. They tell us already that these are time bombs. ","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Partial Transcript"]}}],"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/31568/file/100085#t=1053.0,1253.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/31568/file/100085/index/47327/annotation/478","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Lebensgefahr","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Sicherheitdienst - SD","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Time Bombs","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}}],"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/31568/file/100085#t=1053.0,1253.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/31568/file/100085/index/47327/annotation/479","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Returning to Buchenwald","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Title"]}}],"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/31568/file/100085#t=1253.0,1312.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/31568/file/100085/index/47327/annotation/480","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"We come back to Buchenwald. There were so many people coming: French resistance, Italian, and all kinds. We didn't have no barracks, nothing. They put us in the woods.","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Partial Transcript"]}}],"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/31568/file/100085#t=1253.0,1312.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/31568/file/100085/index/47327/annotation/481","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Buchenwald","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Einsatzgruppen","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"French Resistance","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Italian Resistance","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}}],"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/31568/file/100085#t=1253.0,1312.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/31568/file/100085/index/47327/annotation/482","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Friends During this Time","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Title"]}}],"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/31568/file/100085#t=1312.0,1369.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/31568/file/100085/index/47327/annotation/483","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Who were your main friends throughout that whole period?","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Partial Transcript"]}}],"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/31568/file/100085#t=1312.0,1369.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/31568/file/100085/index/47327/annotation/484","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Friends","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Lodzers","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Ozorkow","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Ozorkowers","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}}],"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/31568/file/100085#t=1312.0,1369.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/31568/file/100085/index/47327/annotation/485","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Escaping Buchenwald","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Title"]}}],"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/31568/file/100085#t=1369.0,1656.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/31568/file/100085/index/47327/annotation/486","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I said, \"No, not with me.\" I run away and I went in the toilet . . . this was the toilet for one camp and this one was for the other one. It was . . . you couldn't go from one to another. The toilet was just like a . . . So I go in toilet. ","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Partial Transcript"]}}],"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/31568/file/100085#t=1369.0,1656.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/31568/file/100085/index/47327/annotation/487","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Escape","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Polish Block","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Schutzstaffel - SS","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}}],"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/31568/file/100085#t=1369.0,1656.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/31568/file/100085/index/47327/annotation/488","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Standing Up Against the Lagerfuhrer","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Title"]}}],"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/31568/file/100085#t=1656.0,1992.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/31568/file/100085/index/47327/annotation/489","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"He said, \"There was some children that I brought over.\" When the wagon got half full, they had to bring some . . . from another camp. I don't know who they were. They didn't speak my language. I couldn't understand what they were saying. They were about maybe 10, 12 years at the most. With them came a Jewish Lagerführer.","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Partial Transcript"]}}],"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/31568/file/100085#t=1656.0,1992.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/31568/file/100085/index/47327/annotation/490","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Children","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Jewish Lagerfuhrer","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Theresienstadt Ghetto","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}}],"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/31568/file/100085#t=1656.0,1992.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/31568/file/100085/index/47327/annotation/491","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Coming to Chemnitz","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Title"]}}],"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/31568/file/100085#t=1992.0,2036.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/31568/file/100085/index/47327/annotation/492","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"We take off from over there . . . over there we take off and we come to Chemnitz. All of the sudden, I see different uniforms with different . . . and they're talking to the SS. There were more SS and SD because they wanted to save themselves.","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Partial Transcript"]}}],"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/31568/file/100085#t=1992.0,2036.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/31568/file/100085/index/47327/annotation/493","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Chemnitz, Germany","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Schutzstaffel - SS","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Sicherheitdienst - SD","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}}],"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/31568/file/100085#t=1992.0,2036.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/31568/file/100085/index/47327/annotation/494","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Leaving as a Czech Man","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Title"]}}],"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/31568/file/100085#t=2036.0,2205.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/31568/file/100085/index/47327/annotation/495","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"All of the sudden, on the loudspeaker they say, \"Anybody Czech came here to the hallway.\" I told them I'm a Czech. I don't know what to expect.","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Partial Transcript"]}}],"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/31568/file/100085#t=2036.0,2205.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/31568/file/100085/index/47327/annotation/496","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Czech","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}}],"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/31568/file/100085#t=2036.0,2205.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/31568/file/100085/index/47327/annotation/497","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Arriving in Pilsen, Czechoslovakia","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Title"]}}],"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/31568/file/100085#t=2205.0,2634.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/31568/file/100085/index/47327/annotation/498","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"We come to Pilsen. Pilsen is the second biggest city from Czechoslovakia. I never saw so many people. They holler, \"Did you see my mother? Did you see my brother?\"","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Partial Transcript"]}}],"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/31568/file/100085#t=2205.0,2634.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/31568/file/100085/index/47327/annotation/499","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Hospital","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Pilsen, Czechoslovakia","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Red Cross","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Sicherheitdienst - SD","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}}],"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/31568/file/100085#t=2205.0,2634.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/31568/file/100085/index/47327/annotation/500","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Going Home with a Baron","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Title"]}}],"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/31568/file/100085#t=2634.0,2792.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/31568/file/100085/index/47327/annotation/501","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"He took me home. He showed me he had about forty-some people working for him. He was a baron . . . you know what a baron is? A baron, he has a lot of land . . . hundreds and hundreds of acres, and he has people working.","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Partial Transcript"]}}],"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/31568/file/100085#t=2634.0,2792.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/31568/file/100085/index/47327/annotation/502","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Baron","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Buchenwald","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Chemnitz","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Czech Government","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Czech Revolution","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Sicherheitdienst - SD","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}}],"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/31568/file/100085#t=2634.0,2792.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/31568/file/100085/index/47327/annotation/503","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Leaving for Poland and Encountering Prisoner German Soldiers","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Title"]}}],"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/31568/file/100085#t=2792.0,3042.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/31568/file/100085/index/47327/annotation/504","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I told him, \"I know I told you that I don't have nobody, but I want to go home to make sure.\" He said, \"You don't have to run. We're going to bake . . . we're going to give it to you. If you want to come back, you come back. If you don't want to come back, you don't owe me anything.\" He didn't ask me if I'm a Jew, if I'm not a Jew.","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Partial Transcript"]}}],"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/31568/file/100085#t=2792.0,3042.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/31568/file/100085/index/47327/annotation/505","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Crimeans","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"German Army Prisoners","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Retribution","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Russian Army","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}}],"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/31568/file/100085#t=2792.0,3042.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/31568/file/100085/index/47327/annotation/506","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Revenge on the Sicherheitdienst (SD)","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Title"]}}],"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/31568/file/100085#t=3042.0,3257.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/31568/file/100085/index/47327/annotation/507","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"The Russians start talking to them. We said that we heard that the SD is in a building someplace downtown and we want to see them. He said, \"What do you mean you want to see them? If you're going to see them, what are you going to do?\" I said, \"We're going to kill them.\" They killed us, why not?","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Partial Transcript"]}}],"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/31568/file/100085#t=3042.0,3257.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/31568/file/100085/index/47327/annotation/508","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Russian Army","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Schutzstaffel - SS","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Sicherheitdienst - SD","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Stalin","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}}],"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/31568/file/100085#t=3042.0,3257.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/31568/file/100085/index/47327/annotation/509","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Returning to Ozorkow, Poland","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Title"]}}],"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/31568/file/100085#t=3257.0,3384.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/31568/file/100085/index/47327/annotation/510","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I said, \"Well, let me go.\" I wouldn't believe that my father was not alive, and my mother is not, my brother is not, nobody's alive. I come back to Ozorkow.","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Partial Transcript"]}}],"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/31568/file/100085#t=3257.0,3384.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/31568/file/100085/index/47327/annotation/511","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Kiddush Bacchus","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Ozorkow, Poland","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Warsaw, Poland","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Zychlinski","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}}],"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/31568/file/100085#t=3257.0,3384.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/31568/file/100085/index/47327/annotation/512","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Leaving Ozorkow","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Title"]}}],"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/31568/file/100085#t=3384.0,3578.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/31568/file/100085/index/47327/annotation/513","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I told my friends over there, \"I've got no place anymore here.\" This was Wednesday. I said, \"Next Wednesday, I'm leaving.\" Two run away from the Russian army. They got other clothes . . . One's in St. Louis now. I spoke to him yesterday. He said that he wants to come with me, \"Do you know where you're going?\" I said. \"No, but I know I've been in Czechoslovakia. I've been in Germany. What have I got to lose? I'm by myself. Nobody's alive.\"","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Partial Transcript"]}}],"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/31568/file/100085#t=3384.0,3578.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/31568/file/100085/index/47327/annotation/514","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Bamberg, Germany","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Czechoslovakia","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Germany","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Russian Army","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"United Nations Relief and Rehabilitation Administration Camps","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Willie Fisher","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}}],"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/31568/file/100085#t=3384.0,3578.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/31568/file/100085/index/47327/annotation/515","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Going to Munich","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Title"]}}],"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/31568/file/100085#t=3578.0,3736.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/31568/file/100085/index/47327/annotation/516","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I went to Munich. I met over there an aunt. She told me we have some family in camp. \"What was the camp?\" I said. \"Would you like to see them?\" she said. I said, \"Yes, sure. Any family . . . I have nobody.\" I found out in no time exactly what happened.","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Partial Transcript"]}}],"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/31568/file/100085#t=3578.0,3736.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/31568/file/100085/index/47327/annotation/517","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Auschwitz-Birkenau Concentration Camp","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Czestochowa","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Feldafing Displaced Persons Camp","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Lodz Ghetto","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Lola Borkowska Lansky","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Munich, Germany","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}}],"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/31568/file/100085#t=3578.0,3736.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/31568/file/100085/index/47327/annotation/518","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Living and Making a Living in Bamberg","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Title"]}}],"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/31568/file/100085#t=3736.0,4371.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/31568/file/100085/index/47327/annotation/519","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"You did not go to Feldafing? You didn't live there?","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Partial Transcript"]}}],"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/31568/file/100085#t=3736.0,4371.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/31568/file/100085/index/47327/annotation/520","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Allied Mark","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Auschwitz-Birkenau","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Feldafing Displaced Persons Camp","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Green Zone","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Standardized Money","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Stock Market","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Swiss Watches","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Synagogue","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}}],"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/31568/file/100085#t=3736.0,4371.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/31568/file/100085/index/47327/annotation/521","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Marrying Lola Borkowska Lansky","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Title"]}}],"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/31568/file/100085#t=4371.0,4467.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/31568/file/100085/index/47327/annotation/522","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Had you decided to marry Lola by that time?","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Partial Transcript"]}}],"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/31568/file/100085#t=4371.0,4467.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/31568/file/100085/index/47327/annotation/523","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Bamberg, Germany","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Feldafing Displaced Persons Camp","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Hebrew Immigrant Aid Society (HIAS)","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Lola Borkowska Lansky","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Manhattan, New York","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"United States","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}}],"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/31568/file/100085#t=4371.0,4467.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/31568/file/100085/index/47327/annotation/524","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Boat Trip to the United States","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Title"]}}],"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/31568/file/100085#t=4467.0,4637.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/31568/file/100085/index/47327/annotation/525","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Before the interview started, you were telling me a little bit about your boat trip. Can you tell us about that?","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Partial Transcript"]}}],"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/31568/file/100085#t=4467.0,4637.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/31568/file/100085/index/47327/annotation/526","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Boat Trip","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Funk Kaserne","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Hebrew Immigrant Aid Society (HIAS)","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Yom Kippur","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}}],"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/31568/file/100085#t=4467.0,4637.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/31568/file/100085/index/47327/annotation/527","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Arriving and Working in America","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Title"]}}],"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/31568/file/100085#t=4637.0,5681.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/31568/file/100085/index/47327/annotation/528","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"But the minute we stopped, we got back to normal. She said, \"You need a pair of American shoes.\" She said, \"American shoes.\" They're going to show you pictures? \"American shoes and you need this and this . . . Do you smoke?\" I said, \"No, I never smoked.\" She said, \"Never smoke?\" \"No.\" \"Do you drink? Do you read papers?\" I said, \"Yes, I can read papers, but I don't understand what I'm reading.\" ","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Partial Transcript"]}}],"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/31568/file/100085#t=4637.0,5681.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/31568/file/100085/index/47327/annotation/529","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Coney Island","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Contractors","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Factory Work","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Lola Borkowska Lansky","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Mr. Kaplan","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Mr. Zinger","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"New Jersey","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Piecework","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Presser","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Sweatshop","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}}],"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/31568/file/100085#t=4637.0,5681.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/31568/file/100085/index/47327/annotation/530","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Moving to Atlanta, Georgia","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Title"]}}],"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/31568/file/100085#t=5681.0,5758.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/31568/file/100085/index/47327/annotation/531","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"So we came here to Atlanta to see what's going on . . . to Maury.","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Partial Transcript"]}}],"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/31568/file/100085#t=5681.0,5758.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/31568/file/100085/index/47327/annotation/532","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Atlanta, Georgia","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"East Point","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Forest Avenue","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Marty Storch","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}}],"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/31568/file/100085#t=5681.0,5758.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/31568/file/100085/index/47327/annotation/533","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Pre-War Career Expectations","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Title"]}}],"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/31568/file/100085#t=5758.0,5847.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/31568/file/100085/index/47327/annotation/534","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Did you have any particular expectations before the war about what you were going to do as an adult?","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Partial Transcript"]}}],"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/31568/file/100085#t=5758.0,5847.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/31568/file/100085/index/47327/annotation/535","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Clothing Store","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Great Depression","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"World War II","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}}],"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/31568/file/100085#t=5758.0,5847.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/31568/file/100085/index/47327/annotation/536","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Jewish Life in New York","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Title"]}}],"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/31568/file/100085#t=5847.0,6184.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/31568/file/100085/index/47327/annotation/537","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"During that phase when you were still in New York, what was the Jewish part of your life like? Did you and Lola get into that culture much?","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Partial Transcript"]}}],"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/31568/file/100085#t=5847.0,6184.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/31568/file/100085/index/47327/annotation/538","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Atlanta, Georgia","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Greenhorns","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Lola Borkowska Lansky","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"New York","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Rock Spring","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}}],"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/31568/file/100085#t=5847.0,6184.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/31568/file/100085/index/47327/annotation/539","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Albert's Grocery","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Title"]}}],"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/31568/file/100085#t=6184.0,6216.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/31568/file/100085/index/47327/annotation/540","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"What was the name of the grocery?","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Partial Transcript"]}}],"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/31568/file/100085#t=6184.0,6216.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/31568/file/100085/index/47327/annotation/541","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Albert Lavinger","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Albert's grocery","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}}],"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/31568/file/100085#t=6184.0,6216.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/31568/file/100085/index/47327/annotation/542","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Liking Atlanta","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Title"]}}],"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/31568/file/100085#t=6216.0,6333.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/31568/file/100085/index/47327/annotation/543","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"How did you like Atlanta after being in New York? The culture, the mentality . . .","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Partial Transcript"]}}],"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/31568/file/100085#t=6216.0,6333.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/31568/file/100085/index/47327/annotation/544","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Atlanta, Georgia","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Bronx, New York","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Brooklyn, New York","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Grocery Store","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"New York","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}}],"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/31568/file/100085#t=6216.0,6333.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/31568/file/100085/index/47327/annotation/545","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Going into Real Estate","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Title"]}}],"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/31568/file/100085#t=6333.0,6578.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/31568/file/100085/index/47327/annotation/546","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"So I start . . . we had some tenants in Ozorkow. I knew a little about it. I wanted to go into real estate.","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Partial Transcript"]}}],"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/31568/file/100085#t=6333.0,6578.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/31568/file/100085/index/47327/annotation/547","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"East Point, Georgia","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Eastern Europe","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Hapeville, Georgia","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Ozorkow, Poland","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Real Estate","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}}],"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/31568/file/100085#t=6333.0,6578.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/31568/file/100085/index/47327/annotation/548","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Lola's Life in America","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Title"]}}],"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/31568/file/100085#t=6578.0,6602.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/31568/file/100085/index/47327/annotation/549","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"What was Lola doing throughout these years, just to get a sense of her life?","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Partial Transcript"]}}],"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/31568/file/100085#t=6578.0,6602.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/31568/file/100085/index/47327/annotation/550","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Lola Borkowska Lansky","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}}],"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/31568/file/100085#t=6578.0,6602.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/31568/file/100085/index/47327/annotation/551","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"The Apartment Business","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Title"]}}],"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/31568/file/100085#t=6602.0,6868.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/31568/file/100085/index/47327/annotation/552","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I had already an apartments. I had to go to the apartments. I had to furnish . . . I couldn't rent them . . . I had to furnish them. To furnish an apartment was some job.","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Partial Transcript"]}}],"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/31568/file/100085#t=6602.0,6868.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/31568/file/100085/index/47327/annotation/553","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Apartments","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Furnishing","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Gwinnett, Georgia","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Limited Partnership","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}}],"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/31568/file/100085#t=6602.0,6868.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/31568/file/100085/index/47327/annotation/554","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Family Life","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Title"]}}],"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/31568/file/100085#t=6868.0,7076.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/31568/file/100085/index/47327/annotation/555","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Talk about your family life also: your wife, your kids . . .","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Partial Transcript"]}}],"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/31568/file/100085#t=6868.0,7076.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/31568/file/100085/index/47327/annotation/556","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Karen Lansky","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Lola Borkowska Lansky","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Maury Lansky","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}}],"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/31568/file/100085#t=6868.0,7076.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/31568/file/100085/index/47327/annotation/557","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"The Monument in Greenwood Cemetery","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Title"]}}],"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/31568/file/100085#t=7076.0,7316.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/31568/file/100085/index/47327/annotation/558","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"You mentioned that monument. Can you tell a little more about that--the monument--of how that came to be built?","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Partial Transcript"]}}],"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/31568/file/100085#t=7076.0,7316.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/31568/file/100085/index/47327/annotation/559","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Atlanta Jewish Community Center","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Lola Borkowska Lansky","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"MOnument","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Ozokowers","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}}],"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/31568/file/100085#t=7076.0,7316.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/31568/file/100085/index/47327/annotation/560","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Friends during the Holocaust and Now","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Title"]}}],"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/31568/file/100085#t=7316.0,7523.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/31568/file/100085/index/47327/annotation/561","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Who were your main friends throughout that period?","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Partial Transcript"]}}],"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/31568/file/100085#t=7316.0,7523.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/31568/file/100085/index/47327/annotation/562","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Abe Besser","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Boris Ulman","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Harold Hersch","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}}],"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/31568/file/100085#t=7316.0,7523.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/31568/file/100085/index/47327/annotation/563","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Views on Old Age and Dying","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Title"]}}],"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/31568/file/100085#t=7523.0,7574.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/31568/file/100085/index/47327/annotation/564","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Yes, I wouldn't want to live to 100, no. A lot of people say, 'I'd like to live to 100 years if I feel good.' I say, \"An old car is not a new car.\" You expect an old car to be good? You stop hearing, you stop seeing, you stop thinking, you . . . but it sounds good . . . 100 years.","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Partial Transcript"]}}],"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/31568/file/100085#t=7523.0,7574.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/31568/file/100085/index/47327/annotation/565","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Hell","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Old Age","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}}],"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/31568/file/100085#t=7523.0,7574.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/31568/file/100085/index/47327/annotation/566","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Lola Borkowska Lansky","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Title"]}}],"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/31568/file/100085#t=7574.0,7756.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/31568/file/100085/index/47327/annotation/567","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Talk about your wife a little bit more also, especially towards the end . . .","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Partial Transcript"]}}],"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/31568/file/100085#t=7574.0,7756.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/31568/file/100085/index/47327/annotation/568","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Ben Hirsch","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Eternal Life-Hemshech","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Jewish Community","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Lola Borkowska Lansky","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}}],"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/31568/file/100085#t=7574.0,7756.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/31568/file/100085/index/47327/annotation/569","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Revenge Against Nazis and Other People in the Camps","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Title"]}}],"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/31568/file/100085#t=7756.0,8121.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/31568/file/100085/index/47327/annotation/570","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Thinking toward the end of the war, you did actually get revenge against some of those people.","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Partial Transcript"]}}],"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/31568/file/100085#t=7756.0,8121.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/31568/file/100085/index/47327/annotation/571","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Concentration Camps","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Homosexuals","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Poland","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Preachers","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Revenge","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"teachers","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}}],"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/31568/file/100085#t=7756.0,8121.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/31568/file/100085/index/47327/annotation/572","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Learning from the Holocaust and Being in the Right Place at the Right Time","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Title"]}}],"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/31568/file/100085#t=8121.0,8549.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/31568/file/100085/index/47327/annotation/573","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"How would you want the world to change or to learn from what you all had to go through?","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Partial Transcript"]}}],"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/31568/file/100085#t=8121.0,8549.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/31568/file/100085/index/47327/annotation/574","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Death Camp","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Iraq","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Lagerfuhrer","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}}],"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/31568/file/100085#t=8121.0,8549.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/31568/file/100085/index/47327/annotation/575","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Explaining His Experiences ","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Title"]}}],"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/31568/file/100085#t=8549.0,8680.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/31568/file/100085/index/47327/annotation/576","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I wonder, over the years, when Americans have asked about your past--especially the last 30 years as the Holocaust has been more in public knowledge--how do you explain to people what that was like?","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Partial Transcript"]}}],"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/31568/file/100085#t=8549.0,8680.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/31568/file/100085/index/47327/annotation/577","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Holocaust","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Magen David","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}}],"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/31568/file/100085#t=8549.0,8680.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/31568/file/100085/index/47327/annotation/578","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Understanding the Holocaust and Being the Chosen People","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Title"]}}],"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/31568/file/100085#t=8680.0,8801.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/31568/file/100085/index/47327/annotation/579","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"They wouldn't understand anyhow. The grown one can't understand. I can't understand that special people, being so educated, and so organized, and being so mean.","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Partial Transcript"]}}],"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/31568/file/100085#t=8680.0,8801.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/31568/file/100085/index/47327/annotation/580","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Chosen People","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"God","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}}],"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/31568/file/100085#t=8680.0,8801.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/31568/file/100085/index/47327/annotation/581","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Bringing an Ozorkow Torah to Ahavath Achim","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Title"]}}],"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/31568/file/100085#t=8801.0,9015.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/31568/file/100085/index/47327/annotation/582","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"By the way, we brought a Torah to the AA. You know about it?","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Partial Transcript"]}}],"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/31568/file/100085#t=8801.0,9015.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/31568/file/100085/index/47327/annotation/583","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Ahavath Achim Synagogue","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Bat Mitzvahs","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Holidays","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Ozorkow Torah","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Rabbi Epstein","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}}],"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/31568/file/100085#t=8801.0,9015.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/31568/file/100085/index/47327/annotation/584","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"No Justice for Anyone","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Title"]}}],"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/31568/file/100085#t=9015.0,9350.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/31568/file/100085/index/47327/annotation/585","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"It sounds like you don't see any justice or any meaning to any other, the way you describe it.","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Partial Transcript"]}}],"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/31568/file/100085#t=9015.0,9350.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/31568/file/100085/index/47327/annotation/586","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Justice","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}}],"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/31568/file/100085#t=9015.0,9350.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/31568/file/100085/index/47327/annotation/587","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Surviving and Making the Right Choices","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Title"]}}],"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/31568/file/100085#t=9350.0,9522.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/31568/file/100085/index/47327/annotation/588","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"How do you explain that you survived? Was it all luck? How much of it was your own decision, things like that?","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Partial Transcript"]}}],"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/31568/file/100085#t=9350.0,9522.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/31568/file/100085/index/47327/annotation/589","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Bombing Planes","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Surviving","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Toilet Escape","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}}],"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/31568/file/100085#t=9350.0,9522.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/31568/file/100085/index/47327/annotation/590","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"The Jews Don't Forget","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Title"]}}],"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/31568/file/100085#t=9522.0,9930.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/31568/file/100085/index/47327/annotation/591","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"In Germany recently there's talk about, \"How long do we have to feel guilty?\" and, \"How long do we have to keep apologizing for our grandparents?,\" and that sort of thing? What's your opinion on that?","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Partial Transcript"]}}],"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/31568/file/100085#t=9522.0,9930.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/31568/file/100085/index/47327/annotation/592","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Adolf Hitler","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Albert Einstein","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Atomic Bomb","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Germans","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Germany","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Polacks","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Romanians","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Spanish Inquisition","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}}],"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/31568/file/100085#t=9522.0,9930.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/31568/file/100085/index/47327/annotation/593","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Rubin's Shtetl","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Title"]}}],"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/31568/file/100085#t=9930.0,10216.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/31568/file/100085/index/47327/annotation/594","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I can tell you about our shtetl. We had a synagogue which, like here, the Temple . . . people without the beards, without the payess. My father was one of them.","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Partial Transcript"]}}],"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/31568/file/100085#t=9930.0,10216.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/31568/file/100085/index/47327/annotation/595","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Anti-Semitism","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Hasidic Jews","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Orthodox Judaism","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Payess","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Shtetl","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Synagogie","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}}],"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/31568/file/100085#t=9930.0,10216.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/31568/file/100085/index/47327/annotation/596","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Significance of Jewishness","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Title"]}}],"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/31568/file/100085#t=10216.0,10491.982"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/31568/file/100085/index/47327/annotation/597","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Does Jewishness have any particular significance to you?","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Partial Transcript"]}}],"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/31568/file/100085#t=10216.0,10491.982"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/31568/file/100085/index/47327/annotation/598","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Jewish School","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Jewishness","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}}],"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/31568/file/100085#t=10216.0,10491.982"}]}]}]}