{"@context":"http://iiif.io/api/presentation/3/context.json","id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/iiif/6688g8fx06/manifest","type":"Manifest","label":{"en":["Leet, Ronnie"]},"logo":"https://d9jk7wjtjpu5g.cloudfront.net/organizations/logo_images/000/000/082/original/TheBreman_SecondaryMark_Horizontal_Blue_Black.png?1713640889","metadata":[{"label":{"en":["Date"]},"value":{"en":["2014-01-24 (creation)"]}},{"label":{"en":["Format"]},"value":{"en":["Video"]}},{"label":{"en":["Source"]},"value":{"en":["William Breman Jewish Heritage Museum","Esther and Herbert Taylor Oral History Collection","Jewish Oral History Project of Atlanta"]}},{"label":{"en":["Description"]},"value":{"en":["\u003cp\u003eRonnie Leet was interviewed by Sandra Berman on January 24, 2012, in Selma, Alabama.\u003c/p\u003e (general)","\u003cp\u003eRonald Alan Leet's (b. 1951) maternal grandparents were from Russia and Poland and his paternal grandparents were from Lithuania. All came to the United States before World War II. His maternal grandparents settled in Chicago, where his mother was born, as Harry and Tillie Hackman. His maternal grandfather went south looking for work, eventually settling in Selma, Alabama and bringing his family down. They were in the contracting business and then the shoe business. His paternal grandparents settled in Lakeshore, New Jersey then Detroit, Michigan. They also had family in Birmingham, Alabama to which they moved as well. They were in the clothing businesses. His grandfather eventually settled in Selma, Alabama and went into the used auto parts, scrap metal and welding business. His parents were Lillian Hackman Leet and Julian Samuel Leet. They joined the Reform congregation, Temple Mishkan Israel. The Leets celebrated Jewish holidays at his maternal grandparent’s home but also opened presents on Christmas day, although they did not have a Christmas tree. Both Ronnie and his sister had Jewish and Christian friends. Ronnie attended Sunday school and he became bar mitzvah at the Temple. He was taught by Rabbi Lothair Lubasch. After his retirement in the mid-1960’s there were no more full-time rabbis as the congregation had grown too small. Ronnie was aware that inequalities existed and he had sympathy for Black people but at the same time realized that it was the culture and that’s the way it was. During the active time in Selma Ronnie’s parents were concerned for their family’s safety and the security of their business. In fact, Ronnie (who was 11 or 12 years old) and his sister witnessed the beginning of the marches but were taken home and locked in by their father for their physical safety. Ronnie returned to Selma after his education and took over the scrap metal business. Ronnie and his wife (who is not Jewish) hold seders in their home. They are part of an effort to save the Temple Mishkan Israel.\u003c/p\u003e (bioghist)","\u003cp\u003eRonnie discusses his grandparents and parents immigration from Eastern Europe to the United States before World War II and eventual settlement in Selma, Alabama.  He recalls his maternal grandparents’ shoe and clothing store and his paternal grandparent’s auto parts and scrap metal business, which he eventually joined and assumed leadership of after college. Ronnie remembers Temple Mishkan Israel and growing up in the Reform movement, the celebration of both Hannukah and Christmas as well as the Jewish holidays of Passover and the High Holy Days. He recalls fondly his religious education by Rabbi Lothair Lubasch and becoming bar mitzvah. Ronnie discusses segregation and the cultural acceptance of Jim Crow.\u003c/p\u003e (scope content)"]}},{"label":{"en":["Source Metadata URI"]},"value":{"en":["https://archivesspace.thebreman.org/repositories/2/archival_objects/28020"]}},{"label":{"en":["Rights Statement"]},"value":{"en":["\u003cp\u003eAll rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, recorded by any information storage and retrieval system, without the express written consent of the William Breman Jewish Heritage Museum.\u003c/p\u003e"]}},{"label":{"en":["Subject"]},"value":{"en":["Birmingham, Alabama (geographic term)","Civil Rights Movement (topical term)","Ellis Island (geographic term)","Hackman, Harry (personal name)","Hackman, Tillie (Tybel) (personal name)","Jewish-Christian Relations (topical term)","Jews - Relations with Blacks (topical term)","Leet, Lilian Hackman (personal name)","Leet, Julian Samuel (personal name)","Leet, Ronald A., 1951- (personal name)","Segregation (topical term)","Selma, Alabama (geographic term)","Temple Mishkan Israel (corporate name)","Selma-Montgomery Marches, 1965 (topical term)"]}}],"summary":{"en":["\u003cp\u003eRonnie Leet was interviewed by Sandra Berman on January 24, 2012, in Selma, Alabama.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eRonald Alan Leet's (b. 1951) maternal grandparents were from Russia and Poland and his paternal grandparents were from Lithuania. All came to the United States before World War II. His maternal grandparents settled in Chicago, where his mother was born, as Harry and Tillie Hackman. His maternal grandfather went south looking for work, eventually settling in Selma, Alabama and bringing his family down. They were in the contracting business and then the shoe business. His paternal grandparents settled in Lakeshore, New Jersey then Detroit, Michigan. They also had family in Birmingham, Alabama to which they moved as well. They were in the clothing businesses. His grandfather eventually settled in Selma, Alabama and went into the used auto parts, scrap metal and welding business. His parents were Lillian Hackman Leet and Julian Samuel Leet. They joined the Reform congregation, Temple Mishkan Israel. The Leets celebrated Jewish holidays at his maternal grandparent’s home but also opened presents on Christmas day, although they did not have a Christmas tree. Both Ronnie and his sister had Jewish and Christian friends. Ronnie attended Sunday school and he became bar mitzvah at the Temple. He was taught by Rabbi Lothair Lubasch. After his retirement in the mid-1960’s there were no more full-time rabbis as the congregation had grown too small. Ronnie was aware that inequalities existed and he had sympathy for Black people but at the same time realized that it was the culture and that’s the way it was. During the active time in Selma Ronnie’s parents were concerned for their family’s safety and the security of their business. In fact, Ronnie (who was 11 or 12 years old) and his sister witnessed the beginning of the marches but were taken home and locked in by their father for their physical safety. Ronnie returned to Selma after his education and took over the scrap metal business. Ronnie and his wife (who is not Jewish) hold seders in their home. They are part of an effort to save the Temple Mishkan Israel.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eRonnie discusses his grandparents and parents immigration from Eastern Europe to the United States before World War II and eventual settlement in Selma, Alabama.  He recalls his maternal grandparents’ shoe and clothing store and his paternal grandparent’s auto parts and scrap metal business, which he eventually joined and assumed leadership of after college. Ronnie remembers Temple Mishkan Israel and growing up in the Reform movement, the celebration of both Hannukah and Christmas as well as the Jewish holidays of Passover and the High Holy Days. He recalls fondly his religious education by Rabbi Lothair Lubasch and becoming bar mitzvah. Ronnie discusses segregation and the cultural acceptance of Jim Crow.\u003c/p\u003e"]},"requiredStatement":{"label":{"en":["Attribution"]},"value":{"en":["\u003cp\u003eAll rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, recorded by any information storage and retrieval system, without the express written consent of the William Breman Jewish Heritage Museum.\u003c/p\u003e"]}},"provider":[{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/aboutus","type":"Agent","label":{"en":["William Breman Jewish Heritage Museum"]},"homepage":[{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/","type":"Text","label":{"en":["William Breman Jewish Heritage Museum"]},"format":"text/html"}],"logo":[{"id":"https://d9jk7wjtjpu5g.cloudfront.net/organizations/logo_images/000/000/082/original/TheBreman_SecondaryMark_Horizontal_Blue_Black.png?1713640889","type":"Image"}]}],"thumbnail":[{"id":"https://d9jk7wjtjpu5g.cloudfront.net/collection_resource_files/thumbnails/000/098/289/small/Ronnie_Leet.png?1619300697","type":"Image","format":"image/png"}],"items":[{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30312/file/98289","type":"Canvas","label":{"en":["Media File 1 of 1 - Leet_Ronnie.mp4"]},"duration":2126.542,"width":640,"height":360,"thumbnail":[{"id":"https://d9jk7wjtjpu5g.cloudfront.net/collection_resource_files/thumbnails/000/098/289/small/Ronnie_Leet.png?1619300697","type":"Image","format":"image/png"}],"items":[{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30312/file/98289/content/1","type":"AnnotationPage","items":[{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30312/file/98289/content/1/annotation/1","type":"Annotation","motivation":"painting","body":{"id":"https://aviary-p-thebreman.s3.wasabisys.com/collection_resource_files/resource_files/000/098/289/original/Leet_Ronnie.mp4?1601921387","type":"Video","format":"video/mp4","duration":2126.542,"width":640,"height":360},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30312/file/98289","metadata":[]}]}],"annotations":[{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30312/file/98289/transcript/19263","type":"AnnotationPage","label":{"en":["Leet, Ronnie [Transcript]"]},"items":[{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30312/file/98289/transcript/19263/annotation/1","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Berman: Today is January 24, 2012. I am with Ronnie Leet, who has agreed to\nparticipate in the Esther and Herbert Taylor Oral History Project of the William\nBreman Jewish Heritage and Holocaust Museum. I'm Sandra Berman. I am in Selma,\nAlabama. I am very pleased that you have agreed to participate in our oral\nhistory project.\n\nLeet: My pleasure.\n\nBerman: Ronnie, just from talking to you, I know that your family has been here\nfor a very long time. I'd ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30312/file/98289#t=0.0,30.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30312/file/98289/transcript/19263/annotation/2","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"like to get a little bit of your own background: why,\nwho your parents were, your grandparent's names, and why they came to Selma.\n\nLeet: I certainly don't have some of the length of history that the members here\nhave, but my grandparents . . . both my grandparents were from Eastern Europe.\nMy mother's parents . . . her dad was from Russia, and her mother was from\nPoland. My dad's ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30312/file/98289#t=30.0,60.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30312/file/98289/transcript/19263/annotation/3","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"parents both were from Lithuania. My mother's parents left\nRussia and Poland before the Nazi occupation and came to Ellis Island. Their . .\n. I guess their proper name at that time was 'Hockman' . . . H-O-C-K-M-A-N . . .\nbut was transcribed to 'Hackman,' H-A-C-K-M-A-N. They came in and settled in\nChicago, where my ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30312/file/98289#t=60.0,90.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30312/file/98289/transcript/19263/annotation/4","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"mother was born. They did . . . I don't know what kind of work\nthey were really in . . . my grandparents in Chicago, but the story I get is\nthat my grandfather needed work. Was looking for work, hopped a boat south by\nriver and eventually settled in Selma. I know I've got a Western Union telegram\nin 1939, I think it is, telegramming back to my grandmother in Chicago to send\nhim ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30312/file/98289#t=90.0,120.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30312/file/98289/transcript/19263/annotation/5","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"$50, because he needed it because he'd found some work and he needed the\nmoney. So he settled here. Then I guess my grandmother and my mother and her\nsiblings--which is one sister and two brothers--all came to Selma to settle. My\ngrandfather was in contracting business, he did repair work . . . housing\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30312/file/98289#t=120.0,150.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30312/file/98289/transcript/19263/annotation/6","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"repairs and built some houses. That was before my time, but during my time, he\nwas in the shoe business . . . shoe repair business down on Water Avenue.\n\nBerman: What was his name?\n\nLeet: His name was Harry Hackman. My grandmother's name was Tybel Hackman. We\ncalled her 'Tillie,' or we called her 'Ma,' but she was called 'Tillie.' They\nhad a shoe repair business on Water Avenue. My mother worked in ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30312/file/98289#t=150.0,180.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30312/file/98289/transcript/19263/annotation/7","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"it as a child\nand a young lady. I can remember on Saturday mornings when things in Selma were\nreal busy . . . I was . . . this would be in the early Fifties . . . I'd love to\ngo in the shoe shop. It smelled like leather because they had leather repair.\nThey sold army/navy type clothing, and then shoes . . . work shoes . . . mostly\nwork shoes. But they had a little section of tennis shoes, and that's where I\nused to stay. I'd go straight to the ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30312/file/98289#t=180.0,210.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30312/file/98289/transcript/19263/annotation/8","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"tennis shoe section. But anyway, my\ngrandparents . . . their house . . . they had chickens in the back of their\nhouse. They had chicken coops so I grew up around they're doing their own\ncooking and creating their own food. Although I'm blessed that I never saw them\nhave to kill the chickens but I actually have their knives . . . their kosher\nknives that they used to . . . when they slaughtered the chickens and . . . meat\nto keep things separate. I have those.\n\nMy father's ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30312/file/98289#t=210.0,240.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30312/file/98289/transcript/19263/annotation/9","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"parents both came from Lithuania. They settled in . . . came in at\nLakeshore, New Jersey, and then went to Detroit and settled in Detroit. That's\nwhere my grandparents, I think, met. My dad's sister--only sibling--was born in\nDetroit, but my dad was born in Birmingham. My grandmother had family in\nBirmingham. The story I get is that my dad was looking for work . . . ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30312/file/98289#t=240.0,270.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30312/file/98289/transcript/19263/annotation/10","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"his father\nwas looking for work, not my dad looking for work, but my grandfather was\nlooking for work . . . I guess he followed his wife, or my grandmother's family,\nto Birmingham. He settled in Birmingham. My dad was born in Birmingham. They\nwere in the auto parts business in Birmingham and clothing . . . what I grew up\nknowing as a 'schmatte' business. Then my ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30312/file/98289#t=270.0,300.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30312/file/98289/transcript/19263/annotation/11","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"grandfather . . . things didn't work\nout in Birmingham, and he again was looking for work and came to Selma. Bought\nsome old cars and got in the used auto parts business. Brought the family down\nto Selma. My dad went off to war in World War II and was stationed in the\nPhilippines. In 1944, his dad got sick here in Selma so he had to leave the war\nand come back to Selma to help him. My family was in the auto parts ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30312/file/98289#t=300.0,330.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30312/file/98289/transcript/19263/annotation/12","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"business and\nthe scrap iron business and welding supply business for over 60 years until they\npassed away. I was in the auto parts business and finally when there was no\nother family left, I sold my business. But that's the story I get for how my\ngrandparents came to Selma.\n\nMy mother worked out at Craig Field . . . out at the air base in those days. My\ndad, of course, worked for his dad. Some friends set them up on a date one night\nand the rest is ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30312/file/98289#t=330.0,360.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30312/file/98289/transcript/19263/annotation/13","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"history. My sister . . . I had one sister who died in 1993 from\ncancer. I've been born and raised in Selma and wasn't going to come back here\nand work when I left college. I interviewed with some companies my senior year\nof college at the University of Alabama. My dad got sick again and I came home\nto help in the business. It was just like it was written in stone that that's\nwhat I was going to ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30312/file/98289#t=360.0,390.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30312/file/98289/transcript/19263/annotation/14","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"do. It worked out well. It's the right thing to do. I stayed\nin Selma, one of the few Jewish young people that came back to Selma to work.\n\nBerman: What was your mother's name and family name?\n\nLeet: Lillian Hackman Leet. My dad was Julian Samuel Leet.\n\nBerman: They met . . . they were set up?\n\nLeet: They were set up from what I understand. Friends set them up on a date . .\n. my mother and my aunt both . . . her sister was working out at Craig Field,\nthe ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30312/file/98289#t=390.0,420.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30312/file/98289/transcript/19263/annotation/15","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"airbase that was here . . . daddy was Jewish and his dad was . . . an\northodox Jew in Birmingham. My dad used to tell me stories about how they used\nto walk on Saturdays to shul and to temple or synagogue. When they moved to\nSelma at that time right around 1940, there was no Orthodox congregation here to\n. . . change to Reform. So they became Reform ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30312/file/98289#t=420.0,450.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30312/file/98289/transcript/19263/annotation/16","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and my family's been Reformed.\nMother and Daddy, I guess, like most of the stories here . . . there wasn't a\nwhole lot of Jewish field to play with, as far as dating. But Mother and Daddy\nseemed to have hit it off real well. They got married and had myself and my sister.\n\nBerman: When your family came here in the late Thirties, were they readily\naccepted by the Jewish ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30312/file/98289#t=450.0,480.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30312/file/98289/transcript/19263/annotation/17","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"community that was already here?\n\nLeet: I can't speak for my mother's . . . even though I knew my mother's parents\nthat lived here until I was age 11. My dad's parents . . . my grandmother died\n10 years before I was born, and my grandfather died two years after I was born,\nso I don't know. My parents didn't talk much about their parents. I was not\nengaged ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30312/file/98289#t=480.0,510.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30312/file/98289/transcript/19263/annotation/18","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"enough . . . old enough most of the time or engaged in family history to\nask a whole lot of questions, which is a missing piece right now, considering\nthat I knew what my mother's parents' name was when they came to this country.\nMy dad always . . . he didn't even know much about his father, even though they\n. . . he was an adult when his dad died and his mother died. But he always\nthought that the name 'Leet' was a ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30312/file/98289#t=510.0,540.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30312/file/98289/transcript/19263/annotation/19","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"short version of 'Lekovitz' or something like\nthat when his parents came to America. But just found out about six, seven years\nago from a gentleman out of Tulsa, Oklahoma that called and said, \"We're\ncousins.\" Went on . . . I met five years ago, 80 new Leet family members. I\nactually have the boat manifest that my grandfather . . . my dad's father came\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30312/file/98289#t=540.0,570.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30312/file/98289/transcript/19263/annotation/20","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"over from Lithuania. His name was 'Lit' . . . L-I-T. Evidently they couldn't . .\n. didn't understand that when he came to Lakeshore, New Jersey and changed it to\n'Leet.' But anyway, I don't know . . . growing up with my parents . . . it was\nalways a comfortable situation to be a Jew in Selma. I don't know how my\ngrandparents . . . I'm assuming . . . I never heard any horror stories, so I'm\nassuming that life was good. Both, ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30312/file/98289#t=570.0,600.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30312/file/98289/transcript/19263/annotation/21","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"obviously, grandparents were in retail\nbusiness. We had community trade. I always knew people to love both my\ngrandparents. So I'm assuming the community was acceptable to them, as well as\nthey were to the community.\n\nBerman: Did they ever discuss how hard it was to become . . . to leave some of\ntheir Orthodox roots behind?\n\nLeet: Again I don't know about my ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30312/file/98289#t=600.0,630.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30312/file/98289/transcript/19263/annotation/22","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"mother's parents. Every holiday--or all the\nJewish holidays from High Holy Days to Passover--was at their house. We always\nhad a large family at that time. We had it at my grandparents . . . my mother's\nparents' house. My grandparents on my dad's side were not living . . . my dad\nseemed to be fine with Reform religion. He told me quite a bit about growing up\nin Birmingham and about what ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30312/file/98289#t=630.0,660.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30312/file/98289/transcript/19263/annotation/23","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"life was like with his dad as Orthodox, but my dad\nnever indicated to me that he missed the Orthodox part . . . of our religion.\nI've never known anything different. I know it would be a little difficult for\nme to subscribe to that part of our religion. But Reform has worked real well\nfor us in Selma.\n\nBerman: I know it just became part of the kind of the Reform and it wasn't just\nin the South . . . all over the country, ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30312/file/98289#t=660.0,690.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30312/file/98289/transcript/19263/annotation/24","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Reform Jews . . . the German Jews who\nbecame more assimilated, many of them celebrated Christmas in a secular way.\nYour family was a little bit later to come and were from Eastern Europe. Did you\nalso become part of that or did you continue to celebrate Hanukkah? How did that work?\n\nLeet: No, we did both. My parents recognized that we lived in a . . . even\nthough we had a fairly nice-sized Jewish community . . . the street that . . .\nthat I grew up ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30312/file/98289#t=690.0,720.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30312/file/98289/transcript/19263/annotation/25","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"on as a youth was all Christian. They didn't want me to feel out\nof place or different in the fact that all the kids my age were opening presents\non Christmas Day. So my sister and I got our presents on Christmas Day. My\ngrandparents . . . my mother's parents . . . where they lived . . . we\ncelebrated Hanukkah. My grandparents would give my sister and I gifts for the\neight days of Hanukkah so we knew the ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30312/file/98289#t=720.0,750.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30312/file/98289/transcript/19263/annotation/26","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"difference. Because we lived in Selma and\nbecause it was mostly a Christian community . . . we didn't have a tree, but we\ngot our presents on Christmas Day and we celebrated. We were out playing with\nthe other kids on Christmas Day, but we always knew the difference. We always\nknew what was . . . what we should believe in and what was acceptable to\nbelieve. They just didn't want us to be separated from the rest of the Selma\ncommunity in not ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30312/file/98289#t=750.0,780.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30312/file/98289/transcript/19263/annotation/27","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"being able to participate with the other kids so we didn't have\nChristmas trees, but we did celebrate Christmas in that respect. But we also\ncelebrated Hanukkah.\n\nBerman: What year were you born?\n\nLeet: Nineteen fifty-one.\n\nBerman: Growing up during the Fifties and Sixties going to school, did you feel\na part of the community in school? Did you ever have any issues with yourself\nbeing Jewish?\n\nLeet: I was an introvert. My sister ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30312/file/98289#t=780.0,810.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30312/file/98289/transcript/19263/annotation/28","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"was an extrovert. My sister . . . like some\nstories you've heard . . . she and her Christian friends . . . they came to\nTemple with her, she went to church with them. They were all one . . . they all\nfelt . . . a family. I didn't have that social connection, but there were times\nwhen I felt there was a disconnect between me ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30312/file/98289#t=810.0,840.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30312/file/98289/transcript/19263/annotation/29","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and some peers at that age. I felt\nthat they felt a prejudice in some respects because of my religion. It was not\nvery outward. It was not . . . it didn't affect me every day that I woke up. I\nguess what it just made me realize that there are people out there that are\nprejudiced and have opinions about people being different. But I had great\nChristian friends. I didn't have a lot of Jewish friends because there weren't a\nlot of ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30312/file/98289#t=840.0,870.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30312/file/98289/transcript/19263/annotation/30","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Jewish people my age here. There were some younger and they were friends,\nbut if there was events that were taking place that I was invited to, it was\nmostly Christian, and I felt at home. I don't relate my youth as being a\nhardship because I was Jewish. But I do remember it being a source of some\nprejudice ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30312/file/98289#t=870.0,900.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30312/file/98289/transcript/19263/annotation/31","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"at certain particular times.\n\nBerman: Did your parents ever talk . . . in the home about Jim Crow . . . having\ncome from that Eastern European background and having left a regime in Europe\nthat was . . . with benches where Jews were not allowed to sit, and then coming\nto the Deep South where the situation was similar for ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30312/file/98289#t=900.0,930.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30312/file/98289/transcript/19263/annotation/32","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"African-Americans? Did\nthey ever address that in the home or talk about it?\n\nLeet: My parents didn't talk about that. We were in the retail business and in\nmanufacturing. We had African-Americans that worked for us. We had a large base\nof customers that were African-American. So we were around . . . I was . . .\ngrowing up . . . I was around them every day. My parents realized that this was\nthe way life is. They're an integral part of our business ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30312/file/98289#t=930.0,960.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30312/file/98289/transcript/19263/annotation/33","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"life. Certainly, we\nunderstood and I understood that there was a difference in those days. Looking\nback I wish that at times that I didn't treat it is as what reality really was\nin the Deep South. If anybody says that it didn't exist . . . it did exist, but\nit was part of the culture. You either understood that or you ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30312/file/98289#t=960.0,990.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30312/file/98289/transcript/19263/annotation/34","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"were naïve. But\nwe had people . . . I guess our upbringing as Jews and what happened in Germany\nwith the Nazis and in Eastern Europe . . . there was a sympathy in the fact that\npeople weren't being treated right. It wasn't normal that other people should be\ndifferent than what yourself are. But, like you've heard ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30312/file/98289#t=990.0,1020.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30312/file/98289/transcript/19263/annotation/35","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"conversations . . . we\nhad a housekeeper growing up, but she sat at the table with us for meals when\nshe was there. She used our facilities. But I'm not going to tell you . . . my\nhigh school was all white . . . it integrated two years after I left. We knew\nthere was an African-American high school that was separate from us. I grew up\nin that atmosphere. You couldn't not be ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30312/file/98289#t=1020.0,1050.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30312/file/98289/transcript/19263/annotation/36","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"affected and have knowledge of it, but I\nwish I had older thoughts to know that some things just aren't right and\nshouldn't be integrated in society. It should be different, but I was young and\nmy parents just didn't talk a lot about it. It was something that, I guess,\neverybody just took for granted, unfortunately.\n\nBerman: Did that period of time have an effect on your family's ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30312/file/98289#t=1050.0,1080.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30312/file/98289/transcript/19263/annotation/37","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"business?\n\nLeet: I was listening to some of the others . . . our business was not downtown\n. . . during the Civil Rights Era . . . I think that's probably what you're\ntalking about.\n\nBerman: Right.\n\nLeet: We were more concerned about . . . hadn't long since been the bombings in\nBirmingham . . . the church there. There were riots in Arkansas and in\nMississippi. My parents were not concerned about the social issue that this was\nall about. They didn't care about the voting ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30312/file/98289#t=1080.0,1110.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30312/file/98289/transcript/19263/annotation/38","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"rights. They . . . it might have\nbeen . . . they didn't . . . it wasn't affecting them in the sense that . . .\nwhat I'm trying to say is that they wanted . . . the issue itself was not the\nissue to them. The issue was our business . . . is our home in jeopardy of\nsomething happening physically to it. That's what their whole issue was. They\nwere worried about . . . we had four big plate glass ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30312/file/98289#t=1110.0,1140.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30312/file/98289/transcript/19263/annotation/39","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"windows in my parent's\nbusiness. They were worried about those being knocked out . . . only because of\nwhat was happening previously in other cities. They didn't care, they wanted\neverybody to have voting rights . . . that wasn't an issue. They were worried\nabout people coming in from outside . . . that's what the news media was\ndisplaying--outsiders from Birmingham, outsiders from Mississippi and\nArkansas--coming in and ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30312/file/98289#t=1140.0,1170.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30312/file/98289/transcript/19263/annotation/40","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"creating these situations. It was the situation\ntheirselves. I know daddy had put mother and myself and my sister in the car and\nwe rode down to Martin Luther King Street . . . what it is now . . . the Green\nStreet Baptist Church, which is where the marches started. We went down and\nthere was just rows and rows of police cars down there . . . just more than I\ncould--as a young person--could even understand. We came home and daddy pretty\nmuch locked us in because he was worried ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30312/file/98289#t=1170.0,1200.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30312/file/98289/transcript/19263/annotation/41","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"about what might happen . . . if there\nwere going to be any riots. It was not the issues--the social issues--it was the\nfear of something happening to our business, to our home. My aunt, like I said,\nworked . . . my mother didn't work at Craig Field at that time, my aunt did . .\n. she got a call from a lady in Germany because my aunt was in transportation at\nthe Air Force base . . . that lady in Germany had seen the news media and called\nto see if we were safe. It wasn't about the issues as to whether we were safe.\nWe were worried about ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30312/file/98289#t=1200.0,1230.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30312/file/98289/transcript/19263/annotation/42","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that. My dad . . . my parents were worried about their\nbusiness and . . . their safety and our family's safety and everyone else for\nthat matter. But that's what was the big issue to us during that time. It wasn't\nthe social part of it.\n\nBerman: You were young. Do you remember being afraid?\n\nLeet: I do. I was 11 to 12 years old. I remember being afraid simply because, I\nguess, my parents were worried and afraid. This call ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30312/file/98289#t=1230.0,1260.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30312/file/98289/transcript/19263/annotation/43","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"from this lady in Germany\nthat my aunt had called and told my mother about, her sister . . . I thought,\n\"Lord, this is terrible. This is bad.\" I was worried . . . my parents were\nworried, my dad was worried. If my dad was worried, I needed to be worried.\nSeeing the sight of all the police cars . . . all the highway state patrol cars\nwas something that I had never been exposed to. It was scary. It was scary for\nme as a young person. It turned out . . . I know what happened ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30312/file/98289#t=1260.0,1290.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30312/file/98289/transcript/19263/annotation/44","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"downtown and we\nwere not affected because we weren't downtown. I know the businesses here . . .\nyou've already been told about the boycotting of businesses. We weren't quite in\nthat business, so it didn't affect us that way. But the physical safety is what\nI was more concerned about because of my parents.\n\nBerman: Did you yourself know anybody from the Jewish community that . . . this\nis a difficult question . . . that was ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30312/file/98289#t=1290.0,1320.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30312/file/98289/transcript/19263/annotation/45","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"in White Citizens' Councils?\n\nLeet: No, I did not know. I don't know that my father did. I don't know . . . I\nwould suspect as there probably was in any factions of Selma's society . . .\nthere probably was. But I was never aware of it. Again, I don't know that my dad\nwas aware of it. He never spoke of it. We never talked about it. It was\nmentioned . . . there ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30312/file/98289#t=1320.0,1350.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30312/file/98289/transcript/19263/annotation/46","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"was social events that . . . we were probably . . . my\nparents were probably not included in because they were Jewish. But that . . .\nthose are separated and segregated situations. For the whole part, with my\nfamily in business here, and I going to a public school . . . it never played a\nbig part in my growing up . . . or my sister, who was three years older than me.\nWe never felt that this was an issue for ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30312/file/98289#t=1350.0,1380.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30312/file/98289/transcript/19263/annotation/47","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"us. Being Jewish . . . one, being white\ncertainly had its advantages living in Selma, but it didn't change us to be bad\npeople or to be reflective of those feelings back in those days.\n\nBerman: Did you attend Sunday school here?\n\nLeet: I did. Attended Sunday school here. I was bar mitzvahed here in this\nTemple. My sister was married here. She married a young man from Atlanta, so she\nwas ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30312/file/98289#t=1380.0,1410.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30312/file/98289/transcript/19263/annotation/48","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"exposed to the large Jewish congregation in Atlanta. But the wedding was\nhere. So Temple Mishkan Israel holds a special place in my heart as well as my\nfamily's heart.\n\nBerman: I didn't know that they had bar mitzvah.\n\nLeet: They did. I don't know how many were here . . . mine was . . . I think\nmine might have been the last one of my time. We had one ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30312/file/98289#t=1410.0,1440.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30312/file/98289/transcript/19263/annotation/49","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"here just a few years\nago of a former member of our congregation and his grandchild, but it was right\nbefore . . . the last part of our full-time rabbi that was here. We had a\nfull-time rabbi. I went through Hebrew class with him for a year and had my bar\nmitzvah and forgot all my Hebrew that I learned. But I grew up here. This has\nbeen my religious ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30312/file/98289#t=1440.0,1470.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30312/file/98289/transcript/19263/annotation/50","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"home for all my life.\n\nBerman: Who was the rabbi?\n\nLeet: Rabbi Lothair Lubasch.\n\nBerman: What was he like?\n\nLeet: I can tell you he smoked cigars because I could tell from his breath. He\nwas a gentle, quiet type man . . . I have great, wonderful memories of him. He\ntaught us in Sunday school. So much time has passed, I'm having a hard time\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30312/file/98289#t=1470.0,1500.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30312/file/98289/transcript/19263/annotation/51","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"remembering a lot of his traits. I think that we understood we needed to be at\nSunday school or there would be repercussions. I had older cousins that taught\nSunday school class so he was a good influence. Friday night services were\nalways good. I'm not sure that I told my parents I wanted to go, but we came to\nFriday night services. But Rabbi Lubasch was ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30312/file/98289#t=1500.0,1530.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30312/file/98289/transcript/19263/annotation/52","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"there. I think my fondest memories\nwere being at Temple on Friday nights.\n\nBerman: Why did he leave? Did he . . . just because the synagogue . . .?\n\nLeet: I think he retired. He'd just done it for so long, he retired. The best of\nmy memory was, I think, the early to mid-Sixties because there was a group of\nSunday school classmates that were my age and a year younger and maybe a year\nolder, that ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30312/file/98289#t=1530.0,1560.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30312/file/98289/transcript/19263/annotation/53","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"we would travel to Montgomery to Temple Beth Or for Sunday school\nclasses. That was around my driving age which would be 1966, 1967--through my\nhigh school years . . . through 1969--it was in the early Sixties that he\nretired. Our congregation had gotten so small that we couldn't afford a\nfull-time rabbi. But we had a part-time rabbi that would come in . . . that the\nUnion of Reform Judaism out of Cincinnati would send us a rabbi. We ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30312/file/98289#t=1560.0,1590.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30312/file/98289/transcript/19263/annotation/54","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"probably . .\n. at that time in that transition stage. . . had one once a month . . . so we\nwere still real active until we kept getting smaller and smaller and that didn't\nwork out.\n\nBerman: Since I came into this building this morning, I've gotten this really\nstrong feeling of . . . emotional feeling from all of you that we've had the\nopportunity to interview, how ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30312/file/98289#t=1590.0,1620.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30312/file/98289/transcript/19263/annotation/55","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"much this building and this congregation means to\nyou. I know you're trying to save the building.\n\nLeet: We are.\n\nBerman: Can you describe how that feels and why it's so important to all of you.\n\nLeet: It's my being the youngest at age 60 of our congregation that's here in\nSelma. We have some extended members . . . some are younger, some are not quite\nas old as our local members, but there's such a strong connection here. For\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30312/file/98289#t=1620.0,1650.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30312/file/98289/transcript/19263/annotation/56","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"myself, I was . . . I consider myself born and raised here. I can't imagine this\nTemple not being here. You've probably read, and you will see from interviews\nlater today and tomorrow, even our oldest members have a passion for this\nTemple. We still want to have Friday night services here and weather dictates\nwhether we can or can't, depending on whether it's too hot or too cold because\nwe don't have air ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30312/file/98289#t=1650.0,1680.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30312/file/98289/transcript/19263/annotation/57","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"conditioning and heating in the sanctuary. We all have that\npassion, even . . . I don't know at 92 or 96 that I would have that passion. It\nprobably wouldn't make a whole lot of difference to me but it does to our older\nmembers, and it certainly does to me to have this facility here. I know it's\nbeen said that we don't have to worry about this facility because we won't ever\nhave a Jewish population here. I'm not willing to give that thought yet. I\nalways hope that ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30312/file/98289#t=1680.0,1710.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30312/file/98289/transcript/19263/annotation/58","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"maybe someday, Selma will grow, and we will have another Jewish\npopulation here. If we do, they deserve to have this very historical building\nhere. The passion is still strong. I guess I should have that strong a passion\nnot only from my own personal feelings, but if a 96-year-old or 92-year-old\nsays, \"We still need to have it,\" I need to listen. It's a special place. It has\na lot of history here. It has a lot of meaning. It ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30312/file/98289#t=1710.0,1740.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30312/file/98289/transcript/19263/annotation/59","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"deserves to be saved.\n\nBerman: What can you tell me about the building? When it was built . . .\n\nLeet: It was built . . . it was opened in 1899. The Reform congregation was\nstarted in 1870. Before that . . . somewhere around . . . the 1840's . . . I\nhope I said eighteen hundreds, but 1840's, 1830's . . . 1830's actually was the\nOrthodox congregation here. It played out . . . so the ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30312/file/98289#t=1740.0,1770.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30312/file/98289/transcript/19263/annotation/60","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Reform congregation was\nestablished. They met in churches like the Episcopal church and the Methodist\nchurch. Then they evidently had raised enough money to build Temple Mishkan\nIsrael and opened it in 1899. So the building is aged and it's beautiful.\nThere's 11 of us left, including spouses here in Selma. We had the extended\nfamily like I said, ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30312/file/98289#t=1770.0,1800.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30312/file/98289/transcript/19263/annotation/61","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"so there's . . . you can add probably another 10 to that\nnumber that is active and engaged in our Temple and our congregation. There's\nstill feelings for here and even though we don't have services every Friday\nnight, we still have community. We still have High Holy Days services here. We\ntry to have it in the ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30312/file/98289#t=1800.0,1830.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30312/file/98289/transcript/19263/annotation/62","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"sanctuary if the weather's permitting. If not we have it\nback here in our social hall, so we all attend. We all want to be here during\nspecial occasions like High Holy Days. We did . . . you've been told about\nHanukkah or seder services here in the Temple. My family always had theirs at\ntheir house. My wife and I continue to have seder services at our house, but the\nTemple is ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30312/file/98289#t=1830.0,1860.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30312/file/98289/transcript/19263/annotation/63","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"here and if we were to have a resurrection of Jewish members here,\nthen we probably would come here for those things. But it's a special place.\n\nBerman: Do your children . . . do you have children?\n\nLeet: I have two step-daughters. My wife is Episcopalian and she lives here. She\nis as involved as any person in the Temple here. I'm involved with her at the\nEpiscopal ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30312/file/98289#t=1860.0,1890.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30312/file/98289/transcript/19263/annotation/64","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"church. We support each other. Our children don't live here. Our girls\ndon't live here--they live in Mobile, so it's just the two of us here in Selma.\nMy wife's not originally from Selma. She moved here from Virginia, but she's\nbeen here about 25 years, and she's a Selman. She probably remembers more about\nJewish community here than I do because she's so engaged in here. But, but we\nlive here and I'm a native Selman and ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30312/file/98289#t=1890.0,1920.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30312/file/98289/transcript/19263/annotation/65","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"never have left other than four years of college.\n\nBerman: Did you ever want to?\n\nLeet: I did . . . want to not live here? As I said earlier, I didn't intend to\ncome back. My senior year of college, I was interviewing with companies to not\ncome back to Selma. Even though my family had a great business here, I just\ndidn't want to come back to Selma. Then I realized that they needed me back here\nin the ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30312/file/98289#t=1920.0,1950.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30312/file/98289/transcript/19263/annotation/66","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"business. When I graduated from college and came back here, there was\nnever any other decision. As I said earlier, it was the way it should have been,\nand the way it worked out. I'm not sure where I would be or what I would do if I\nhadn't of come back to Selma, but I'm glad I did. We have a good life here. My\nfamily provided a good life for me and we had a great business. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30312/file/98289#t=1950.0,1980.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30312/file/98289/transcript/19263/annotation/67","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"They did good\nfor themselves.\n\nBerman: Now you have a movie theater again.\n\nLeet: Now we have a movie theater so things are looking up! Quite honestly, the\nTemple . . . if we're fortunate enough to restore it and hopefully provide it as\na tourism factor for Selma . . . the community will again be re-engaged in what\nJewish life used to be in Selma. I was talking earlier to one of your\ninterviewees that's ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30312/file/98289#t=1980.0,2010.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30312/file/98289/transcript/19263/annotation/68","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"engaged in our restoration project and downtown Selma was 60\npercent Jewish merchants. It's not been that way for a long time, so only the\nolder people of Selma remember what Jewish life used to be in Selma. We hope\nthat if we're fortunate enough to restore Temple Mishkan Israel, that it will be\na tourist attraction for those people coming in for not only the civil rights,\nbut to understand what Jewish life was like in Selma ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30312/file/98289#t=2010.0,2040.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30312/file/98289/transcript/19263/annotation/69","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"before me and while I was\ngrowing up, and how strong an influence it had on the history of Selma. Temple\nMishkan Israel will be here for that.\n\nBerman: I think that's a wonderful goal. I see you have something going here\nthat a lot of the communities don't have: that's this real commitment to making\nthe Temple survive and have it around . . .\n\nLeet: Just to add to ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30312/file/98289#t=2040.0,2070.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30312/file/98289/transcript/19263/annotation/70","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that, I mentioned to you earlier . . . we've had a lot of\ngood publicity about Temple Mishkan Israel, most of it about the dying Jewish\nsouthern population. We've had articles in the Miami Herald and the New York\nTimes. I've had numerous people from New York--Jewish New Yorkers that have come\nto Selma--not to only to see about the civil rights history, but to see about\nsouthern Jewish life in Selma. When they see the Temple they go, \"My ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30312/file/98289#t=2070.0,2100.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30312/file/98289/transcript/19263/annotation/71","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"God, I\nnever could have believed that something like this could have been in Selma,\nAlabama. What a Jewish history you've got here!\" It continues to energize myself\nand our group that visit with these people--knowing that this is the right thing\nto do, and it should deserve the effort to do it.\n\nBerman: Thank you. I think that is good. We can conclude.\n\nLeet: Thank you.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30312/file/98289#t=2100.0,2130.0"}]},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30312/file/98289/annotation_set/183","type":"AnnotationPage","label":{"en":["Annotations [Transcript]"]},"items":[{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30312/file/98289/annotation_set/183/annotation/72","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eEllis Island in New York Harbor was the gateway for millions of immigrants to the United States. It was the nation's busiest immigrant inspection station from 1892 until 1954.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30312/file/98289#t=60.0,90.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30312/file/98289/annotation_set/183/annotation/73","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eWestern Union is a financial services and communications company based in the United States.  Its products are person-to-person money transfers, money orders, business payments and commercial services.  It was started in 1851as a telegraph company.  They telegraphed the messages from one person via telegraph, reprinted it on the other end and delivered it to the designated receiver.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30312/file/98289#t=90.0,120.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30312/file/98289/annotation_set/183/annotation/74","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eYiddish for a ‘rag’ or an ‘old or ragged garment.’  It has also come to define the clothing trade, or ‘rag trade,’ in general.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30312/file/98289#t=270.0,300.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30312/file/98289/annotation_set/183/annotation/75","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eCraig Air Force Base was where pilots were trained in World War II and up to 1977.  Today it is a civilian airport known as Craig Field Airport.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30312/file/98289#t=330.0,360.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30312/file/98289/annotation_set/183/annotation/76","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eHebrew for ‘dedication.’  An eight-day festival of lights usually falling around Christmas on the Christian calendar.  Hanukkah celebrates the victory of the Maccabees in 165 BCE over the Seleucid rules of Palestine, who had desecrated the Temple.  The Maccabees wanted to re-dedicate the Temple altar to Jewish worship by rekindling the menorah but could only find one small jar of ritually pure olive oil.  This oil continued to burn miraculously for eight days, enabling them to prepare new oil.  The menorah with its eight branches commemorates this miracle.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30312/file/98289#t=690.0,720.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30312/file/98289/annotation_set/183/annotation/77","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eJim Crow laws were state and local laws in the United States enacted between 1876 and 1965.  The name seems to have originated in the song “Jump Jim Crow,” a song-and-dance caricature of blacks performed by white actor Thomas D. Rice in blackface in 1832.  As a result of Rice’s fame, “Jim Crow” became a pejorative expression meaning “Negro” by 1838 and the later segregation laws became known as “Jim Crow” laws.  Jim Crow laws mandated racial segregation in all public facilities in the southern state of the former Confederacy, with a supposedly “separate but equal” status for black Americans, although in reality this was not so. Some examples of Jim Crow laws are the segregation of public schools, places, and public transportation and the segregation of restrooms, restaurants and drinking fountains for whites and blacks.  Private businesses, political parties and unions created their own Jim Crow arrangements, barring blacks from buying home in certain neighborhoods, from shopping or working in certain stores, from working at certain trades, etc. In the twentieth century, the Supreme Court began to overturn Jim Crow laws on constitutional grounds.  Rosa Parks defied the Jim Crows laws when she refused to give up her seat on a bus to a white man, which became a catalyst to the Civil Rights movement.  Her actions, and the demonstrations that followed, led to a series of legislative and court decisions that contributed to undermining the Jim Crow system.  The Civil Rights Act of 1964 official ended Jim Crow laws.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30312/file/98289#t=900.0,930.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30312/file/98289/annotation_set/183/annotation/78","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eDeep South’ is a descriptive category of the cultural and geographic sub-regions in the American South.  Today, the Deep South is generally considered to be Mississippi, Louisiana, Georgia and South Carolina.  Some people add Florida and parts of Texas a well.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30312/file/98289#t=900.0,930.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30312/file/98289/annotation_set/183/annotation/79","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThere had been many bombings over the years in Birmingham, so much so that the city was nicknamed “Bombingham.”  The most infamous was the bombing of the 16th Street Baptist Church.  A bomb was placed under the steps of the church on September 15, 1963 and detonated at 10:22 a.m. killing four black children.  An investigation revealed that four members of the local Knights of the Ku Klux Klan Robert Chambliss, Thomas Blanton Jr., Herman Cash (who had died) and Bobby Frank Cherry were the perpetrators.  All but Cash were charged with murder and convicted many, many years later in the 1990’s and 2000’s.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30312/file/98289#t=1080.0,1110.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30312/file/98289/annotation_set/183/annotation/80","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe Selma to Montgomery marches were three marches in 1965 that marked the political and emotional peak of the American Civil Rights Movement.  Selma and Montgomery were the focus of black voter registration drives which were resisted on every front.  The marches were to support voting rights for blacks. The first was on March 7, 1965 and came to be known as “Bloody Sunday” when 600 civil rights marchers were attacked by state and local police with billy clubs and tear gas.  Several marchers, both black and white, were beaten or murdered over the course of the marches. The second march was on Mach 9, 1965.  Martin Luther King Jr. led 2,500 protestors who were turned back after crossing the Edmund Pettus Bridge.  The third march started on March 16.  The marchers marched along U.S. Route 80 protected by 2,000 soldiers of the U.S. Army, 1,900 members of the Alabama National Guard under Federal command, FBI agents and Federal Marshals.  They arrived in Montgomery on March 24.  The marchers in the third march were fed by women volunteers who cooked the food in the kitchen of the Green Street Baptist Church after which it was delivered to the gathering point for the march by truck.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30312/file/98289#t=1170.0,1200.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30312/file/98289/annotation_set/183/annotation/81","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eWhite Citizens’ Council (WCC) was an American white supremacist organization formed on July 11, 1954.  After 1956, it was known as the Citizens’ Councils of America.  It had about 60,000 members, mostly in the South, and was opposed to racial integration during the 1950’s and 1960’s when it retaliated with economic boycotts and strong intimidation against black activists, including depriving them of jobs.  By the 1970’s its influence had faded.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30312/file/98289#t=1320.0,1350.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30312/file/98289/annotation_set/183/annotation/82","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eHebrew for ‘son of commandment.’  A rite of passage for Jewish boys aged 13 years and one day.  At that time, a Jewish boy is considered a responsible adult for most religious purposes.  He is now duty bound to keep the commandments, he puts on tefillin, and may be counted to the minyan quorum for public worship.  He celebrates the bar mitzvah by being called up to the reading of the Torah in the synagogue, usually on the next available Sabbath after his Hebrew birthday. \u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30312/file/98289#t=1380.0,1410.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30312/file/98289/annotation_set/183/annotation/83","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eA Reform congregation, Temple Mishkan Israel, was established in 1870 and services were held in private homes.  The current synagogue was built in 1899 and dedicated in 1900.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30312/file/98289#t=1410.0,1440.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30312/file/98289/annotation_set/183/annotation/84","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe Union for Reform Judaism, formerly known as the Union of American Hebrew Congregations (UAHC), is an organization which supports Reform Jewish congregations in North American.  In 1875 they created the Hebrew Union College (HUC) in Cincinnati, Ohio to train rabbis and later cantors and other Jewish professionals.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30312/file/98289#t=1560.0,1590.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30312/file/98289/annotation_set/183/annotation/85","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe two High Holy Days are Rosh Ha-Shanah (New Year’s) and Yom Kippur (Day of Atonement).\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30312/file/98289#t=1800.0,1830.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30312/file/98289/annotation_set/183/annotation/86","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eHebrew for “order.”  The ritual meal eaten at home on the first and second nights of Passover.  The family meal is accompanied by the retelling of the story of the Israelites’ exodus from Egypt.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30312/file/98289#t=1830.0,1860.0"}]},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30312/file/98289/index/47246","type":"AnnotationPage","label":{"en":["Leet, Ronnie [Index]"]},"items":[{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30312/file/98289/index/47246/annotation/87","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Family History","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Title"]}}],"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30312/file/98289#t=30.0,795.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30312/file/98289/index/47246/annotation/88","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I'd like to get a little bit of your own background: why, who your parents were, your grandparent's names, and why they came to Selma.","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Partial Transcript"]}}],"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30312/file/98289#t=30.0,795.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30312/file/98289/index/47246/annotation/89","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Birmingham, Alabama","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Craig Field Air Base","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Ellis Island","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Harry Hackman","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Jewish Holidays","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Julian Samuel Leet","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Lillian Hackman Leet","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Lithuania","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Nazi Occupation","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Orthodox Judaism","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Philippines","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Poland","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Reform Judaism","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Russia","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Tybel Hackman","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"University of Alabama","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"World War II","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}}],"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30312/file/98289#t=30.0,795.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30312/file/98289/index/47246/annotation/90","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Growing Up Jewish in Selma","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Title"]}}],"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30312/file/98289#t=795.0,903.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30312/file/98289/index/47246/annotation/91","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Growing up during the Fifties and Sixties going to school, did you feel a part of the community in school? Did you ever have any issues with yourself being Jewish?","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Partial Transcript"]}}],"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30312/file/98289#t=795.0,903.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30312/file/98289/index/47246/annotation/92","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Prejudice","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}}],"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30312/file/98289#t=795.0,903.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30312/file/98289/index/47246/annotation/93","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Jim Crow and the Civil Rights Movement","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Title"]}}],"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30312/file/98289#t=903.0,1399.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30312/file/98289/index/47246/annotation/94","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Did your parents ever talk in the home about Jim Crow, having come from that Eastern European background and having left a regime in Europe that was . . . with benches where Jews were not allowed to sit, and then coming to the Deep South where the situation was similar for African-Americans? 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I was bar mitzvahed here in this Temple. My sister was married here. She married a young man from Atlanta, so she was exposed to the large Jewish congregation in Atlanta. 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