{"@context":"http://iiif.io/api/presentation/3/context.json","id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/iiif/5x2599zh5s/manifest","type":"Manifest","label":{"en":["Cohen, Tilda Finzi"]},"logo":"https://d9jk7wjtjpu5g.cloudfront.net/organizations/logo_images/000/000/082/original/TheBreman_SecondaryMark_Horizontal_Blue_Black.png?1713640889","metadata":[{"label":{"en":["Date"]},"value":{"en":["2011-11-11 (creation)"]}},{"label":{"en":["Format"]},"value":{"en":["Video"]}},{"label":{"en":["Source"]},"value":{"en":["William Breman Jewish Heritage Museum","Esther and Herbert Taylor Oral History Collection","Jewish Oral History Project of Atlanta","Legacy Project"]}},{"label":{"en":["Description"]},"value":{"en":["\u003cp\u003eTilda Finzi Cohen was interviewed by John Kent and Ruth Einstein on November 11, 2011 in Atlanta, Georgia.\u003c/p\u003e (general)","\u003cp\u003eTilda discusses her family and life in Split, Yugoslavia. She talks about how life changed for her and her family after the Italians invaded Yugoslavia and the anti-Jewish laws were enforced in Split. She discusses her father and other family members who were involved in armed resistance with Tito’s partisans. She recalls leaving Split after the Germans occupied northern Italy, fleeing across several islands in the Adriatic Sea, and eventually ending up in Bari in southern Italy, where she met Allied troops. She also remembers leaving Bari to escape the bombings being carried out there by the Germans. She discusses how, after the war, her family decided to immigrate to the United States, where she was married. She reflects on her impressions of the trial and execution of Julius and Ethel Rosenberg, and how it impacted her family, and on the civil rights movement in Atlanta. She shares her feelings of isolation in the United States, and how she found fulfillment with friends who were not part of the mainstream of Jewish life in America. Finally, she provides advice to future generations about the importance of having an open mind and broadening your horizons.\u003c/p\u003e (scope content)"]}},{"label":{"en":["Source Metadata URI"]},"value":{"en":["https://archivesspace.thebreman.org/repositories/2/archival_objects/28498"]}},{"label":{"en":["Rights Statement"]},"value":{"en":["\u003cp\u003eAll rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, recorded by any information storage and retrieval system, without the express written consent of the William Breman Jewish Heritage Museum.\u003c/p\u003e"]}},{"label":{"en":["Subject"]},"value":{"en":["Mazel Tov \"Tilda\" Finzi Cohen (personal name)","Moritz \"Mauricio\" Finzi (personal name)","Hannah Finzi (personal name)","Giuseppe Finzi (personal name)","Chaim Finzi (personal name)","Rabbi Izzy Finzi (personal name)","Leonard Cohen (personal name)","Deborah Cohen Sobel (personal name)","Sandy Cohen Kalter (personal name)","Naomi Sue Cohen Benator (personal name)","Rabbi Isaac Abraham Alkalay (personal name)","Mort Waitzman (personal name)","Aviva Waitzman (personal name)","Josip Broz Tito (personal name)","Benito Mussolini (personal name)","Adolf Hitler (personal name)","Vitzo (Women's International Zionist Organization) (corporate name)","Jewish Federation of Greater Atlanta (corporate name)","Hebrew Immigrant Aid Society (HIAS) (corporate name)","Anti-Defamation League (ADL) (corporate name)","B'nai B'rith Youth Organization (BBYO) (corporate name)","Hunter College (corporate name)","Liggett Drug Store (corporate name)","Congregation Shearith Israel (corporate name)","Congregation Or VeShalom (corporate name)","Jewish Family Services (corporate name)","Split, Yugoslavia (Croatia) (geographic term)","Dubrovnik, Yugoslavia (Croatia) (geographic term)","Belgrade, Yugoslavia (Croatia) (geographic term)","Zagreb, Yugoslavia (Croatia) (geographic term)","Sarajevo, Bosnia and Hezegovina (geographic term)","Salonika, Greece (geographic term)","Bari, Italy (geographic term)","Trieste, Italy (geographic term)","Foggia, Italy (geographic term)","Milan, Italy (geographic term)","New York City, New York (geographic term)","Brooklyn, New York (geographic term)","Manhattan, New York (geographic term)","Atlanta, Georgia (geographic term)","Pittsburg, Pennsylvania (geographic term)","Yugoslavia (geographic term)","Italy (geographic term)","Germany (geographic term)","Israel (geographic term)","United States of America (geographic term)","Germany (geographic term)","Adriatic Sea (geographic term)","World War II (topical term)","Italian Occupation (topical term)","Fascism (topical term)","Tito's Partisans (topical term)","Resistance Movement (topical term)","Allied Powers (topical term)","Nazis (topical term)","Refugees (topical term)","War Experiences (topical term)","Holocaust (topical term)","Holocaust Survivors (topical term)","Anti-Semitism (topical term)","Racial Laws (topical term)","Jewish Restrictions (topical term)","Concentration Camps (topical term)","Jewish Community (topical term)","Jewish Holidays (topical term)","Passover (Pesach) (topical term)","Passover Seder (topical term)","Rosh Hashanah (topical term)","Hanukkah (topical term)","Ladino (topical term)","Serbo-Croatian (topical term)","Rosenberg Trial (topical term)","Segregation (topical term)","Integration (topical term)"]}}],"summary":{"en":["\u003cp\u003eTilda Finzi Cohen was interviewed by John Kent and Ruth Einstein on November 11, 2011 in Atlanta, Georgia.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eTilda discusses her family and life in Split, Yugoslavia. She talks about how life changed for her and her family after the Italians invaded Yugoslavia and the anti-Jewish laws were enforced in Split. She discusses her father and other family members who were involved in armed resistance with Tito’s partisans. She recalls leaving Split after the Germans occupied northern Italy, fleeing across several islands in the Adriatic Sea, and eventually ending up in Bari in southern Italy, where she met Allied troops. She also remembers leaving Bari to escape the bombings being carried out there by the Germans. She discusses how, after the war, her family decided to immigrate to the United States, where she was married. She reflects on her impressions of the trial and execution of Julius and Ethel Rosenberg, and how it impacted her family, and on the civil rights movement in Atlanta. She shares her feelings of isolation in the United States, and how she found fulfillment with friends who were not part of the mainstream of Jewish life in America. Finally, she provides advice to future generations about the importance of having an open mind and broadening your horizons.\u003c/p\u003e"]},"requiredStatement":{"label":{"en":["Attribution"]},"value":{"en":["\u003cp\u003eAll rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, recorded by any information storage and retrieval system, without the express written consent of the William Breman Jewish Heritage Museum.\u003c/p\u003e"]}},"provider":[{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/aboutus","type":"Agent","label":{"en":["William Breman Jewish Heritage Museum"]},"homepage":[{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/","type":"Text","label":{"en":["William Breman Jewish Heritage Museum"]},"format":"text/html"}],"logo":[{"id":"https://d9jk7wjtjpu5g.cloudfront.net/organizations/logo_images/000/000/082/original/TheBreman_SecondaryMark_Horizontal_Blue_Black.png?1713640889","type":"Image"}]}],"thumbnail":[{"id":"https://d9jk7wjtjpu5g.cloudfront.net/collection_resource_files/thumbnails/000/110/639/small/Tilda_Cohen.png?1619295576","type":"Image","format":"image/png"}],"items":[{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39270/file/110639","type":"Canvas","label":{"en":["Media File 1 of 1 - Cohen_Tilda.mp4"]},"duration":9504.745,"width":640,"height":360,"thumbnail":[{"id":"https://d9jk7wjtjpu5g.cloudfront.net/collection_resource_files/thumbnails/000/110/639/small/Tilda_Cohen.png?1619295576","type":"Image","format":"image/png"}],"items":[{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39270/file/110639/content/1","type":"AnnotationPage","items":[{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39270/file/110639/content/1/annotation/1","type":"Annotation","motivation":"painting","body":{"id":"https://aviary-p-thebreman.s3.wasabisys.com/collection_resource_files/resource_files/000/110/639/original/Cohen_Tilda.mp4?1615305686","type":"Video","format":"video/mp4","duration":9504.745,"width":640,"height":360},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39270/file/110639","metadata":[]}]}],"annotations":[{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39270/file/110639/transcript/24097","type":"AnnotationPage","label":{"en":["Cohen, Tilda [Transcript]"]},"items":[{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39270/file/110639/transcript/24097/annotation/1","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"EINSTEIN: Today is November 11, 2011, and we are at the home of Tilda Finzi\nCohen in Atlanta, Georgia. This interview will be for the Esther and Herbert\nTaylor Oral History Project of the Breman Jewish Heritage and Holocaust Museum.\nJohn Kent is the interviewer.\n\nKENT: Let's start with the basics. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39270/file/110639#t=0.0,30.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39270/file/110639/transcript/24097/annotation/2","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"When were you born, and what was your name\nwhen you were born?\n\nCOHEN: When I was born, my name was Mazel Tov Finzi. I was born July 11, 1933.\n\nKENT: Where?\n\nCOHEN: In Split [Yugoslavia], in the former Yugoslavia, now Croatia. I hate to\ncall it 'Croatia'. I prefer to call it 'Dalmatia,' that was the region.\n\nKENT: Which languages did you grow up ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39270/file/110639#t=30.0,60.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39270/file/110639/transcript/24097/annotation/3","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"with?\n\nCOHEN: I basically grew up with Serbo-Croatian, that was my first language. My\nparents always spoke in Ladino . . . we didn't call it 'Ladino,' we called it\n'Spanish' . . . so I wouldn't understand, and so the housekeeper wouldn't\nunderstand. But, I picked it up so I knew all the secrets of the house but they\ndidn't know I understood. It was interesting. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39270/file/110639#t=60.0,90.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39270/file/110639/transcript/24097/annotation/4","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Until the age of basically seven,\nI spoke Serbo-Croatian, and was exposed to Spanish.\n\nKENT: What were your parents' names?\n\nCOHEN: My father's name was Moritz . . . Maurice Finzi [sp] and my mother's name\nwas Hannah Finzi [sp]. Then, during the Italian occupation, somehow my father's\nname was changed to 'Mauricio.' He ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39270/file/110639#t=90.0,120.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39270/file/110639/transcript/24097/annotation/5","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"died Mauricio Finzi. I was never . . . called\n'Mazel Tov.' It was always 'Mazal Ta', which was Ladino, and then [it] was\nMatilda. Then . . . we were shortened to 'Tilda.' All the 'Mazel Tovs' turned\nout to be 'Tilda' in that family, of which there were many. But first grade,\nwhen I went to school, on my birth ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39270/file/110639#t=120.0,150.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39270/file/110639/transcript/24097/annotation/6","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"certificate, it said 'Mazel Tov Finzi.' I\nnearly died when the teacher called this name--she couldn't pronounce it to\nbegin with. But thank God, they used last names in schools then . . . Finzi.\n\nKENT: Was there any reason your parents called you that?\n\nCOHEN: Yes. They named me that because my father's [sister] died at a very young\nage. [My father's mother] had just had a child--her fourth ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39270/file/110639#t=150.0,180.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39270/file/110639/transcript/24097/annotation/7","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"child. I think she\nwas in her thirties. [The child] died of typhus on the isle of Bisevo [Croatian:\nBiševo], [in the] middle of the Adriatic [Sea]. My father, when he had his\nfirst daughter, which was me, one and only, was immediately . . . I was named\nafter my aunt. Also, all my ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39270/file/110639#t=180.0,210.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39270/file/110639/transcript/24097/annotation/8","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"uncles had a 'Tilda.' Everybody named their first\ndaughter . . . everybody who had . . . three of them, Tilda.\n\nKENT: Did you have a brother?\n\nCOHEN: No. I never had any sisters or brothers. There was a second birth. My\nmother gave birth to another child that died at birth. Then the war, so I was\nalways an only child.\n\nKENT: Describe your parents, what kind of people were they? How do you remember ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39270/file/110639#t=210.0,240.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39270/file/110639/transcript/24097/annotation/9","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"them?\n\nCOHEN: I remember them very often. My father was quiet, not very well-educated\nin the sense of not ever having gone beyond the fifth grade or sixth. But [he\nwas] very bright, very well-read, very progressive, leaned very much to the\nleft. On the other hand, [he] could ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39270/file/110639#t=240.0,270.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39270/file/110639/transcript/24097/annotation/10","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"read all the prayers . . . Hebrew, went to\nsynagogue, always a community leader. My mother was a very beautiful woman,\nblond, blue-eyed, from Sarajevo [Bosnia and Herzegovina]. He met her in Sarajevo\nwhen he went to visit, and within a year . . . or so they were married.\n\nKENT: What were their personalities ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39270/file/110639#t=270.0,300.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39270/file/110639/transcript/24097/annotation/11","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"like?\n\nCOHEN: My mother was very vivacious, she had a beautiful voice, sang a lot . . .\nactually sang in the Lira, the Sephardic choir in Sarajevo, and went to Greece .\n. . to Salonika [Greece], because Salonika was . . . they sang a lot of the\nSephardic songs, the Ladino tunes. She was also very good ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39270/file/110639#t=300.0,330.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39270/file/110639/transcript/24097/annotation/12","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"at singing Yugoslavian\n. . . Bosnian songs.\n\nKENT: And your dad?\n\nCOHEN: My dad was a leader. I can't explain why but he was always. If there was\nan organization to be president of . . . he was. If it was in Split, if it was\nin Bari in Italy, if it was when he arrived in . . . New ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39270/file/110639#t=330.0,360.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39270/file/110639/transcript/24097/annotation/13","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"York [City, New York].\nHe was twice, I think, president of the organization of Yugoslav Jews in the\nUnited States. Many attorneys were in that group that had come and very\nsuccessful, but he was comfortable and spoke well, wrote well. [He] spoke\nGerman, spoke Italian, and spoke Serbo-Croatian. English was a different thing.\nHe was already in his forties when he arrived here so it was ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39270/file/110639#t=360.0,390.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39270/file/110639/transcript/24097/annotation/14","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"difficult.\n\nKENT: What was family life like in the 1930's?\n\nCOHEN: I was born in 1933. Family life was . . . that I remember before the\nSecond World War, very regulated, but very wonderful. We were on the beach so I\nwas a swimmer. I learned how to swim before I learned, I think, to read.\nDefinitely, reading was not one of my ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39270/file/110639#t=390.0,420.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39270/file/110639/transcript/24097/annotation/15","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"strengths. I was the only child. My\nparents were very active. The Jewish community of Split was very, very active.\nHad actually a building where they met on a regular basis. Not the synagogue, it\nwas almost like a ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39270/file/110639#t=420.0,450.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39270/file/110639/transcript/24097/annotation/16","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"club. It was called 'Jordan' . . . [it] means the River Jordan\nin Serbo-Croatian. They were very active. It reminded me . . . they had the\nVitzo, the Women's Zionist organization. They had clubs, they had cards, they\nhad plays . . . so they were very active in that community . . . cooking class.\nIt was a ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39270/file/110639#t=450.0,480.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39270/file/110639/transcript/24097/annotation/17","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"community . . . I just read this morning, I had thought was about 300.\nBefore the start of the Second World War . . . before 1939 or 1940, there were\n270 or something people living there. It was very small, but we had a rabbi, we\nhad a synagogue . . . a very old ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39270/file/110639#t=480.0,510.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39270/file/110639/transcript/24097/annotation/18","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"synagogue.\n\nKENT: Do you remember the rabbi's name?\n\nCOHEN: I definitely do. I remember Izzy Finzi [sp]. He was a first cousin of my\nfather . . . my father's first cousin, the son of Uncle Momy [sp: 8:52]. My\nfather was very close to . . . his father. Izzy was a ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39270/file/110639#t=510.0,540.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39270/file/110639/transcript/24097/annotation/19","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"rabbi but he was also very\nleft-wing, and unfortunately got caught. The fascists caught him and they\nstarved him to death in Italy, in one of the prisons. Or he was hung, we never\nknew, but he definitely in 1942 was taken [and] imprisoned. He ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39270/file/110639#t=540.0,570.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39270/file/110639/transcript/24097/annotation/20","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"was active with\nthe partisans. He was anti-fascist, anti-German. He wasn't communist, he was\njust anti-fascist and anti-Nazi and anti-German.\n\nKENT: Before the war, what would you say was the relationship between the Jews\nand the rest of the population?\n\nCOHEN: The relationship was quite good. As a matter of fact, my parents . . . my\nfather, who was from ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39270/file/110639#t=570.0,600.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39270/file/110639/transcript/24097/annotation/21","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Split, had many non-Jewish friends. [He] had his routine of\nstopping in the different shops on his way to work. I don't know how much\nsocially we saw each other. My father stopped, and kind of maybe went out to\nhave a midmorning snack, which was ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39270/file/110639#t=600.0,630.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39270/file/110639/transcript/24097/annotation/22","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"marenda [Croatian: breakfast eaten with\ncutlery]. But socially, it was the Jewish community, the synagogue, the Jordan,\nthe club that my father belonged to . . . My father, everybody, all the Jews,\nyou did not join, you were part of it.\n\nKENT: And the kids at school, were they okay with you? Was there any teasing?\n\nCOHEN: School . . . that is where the pain comes ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39270/file/110639#t=630.0,660.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39270/file/110639/transcript/24097/annotation/23","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"in. I started school in 1940. I\nwas seven years old. That was first grade. I had gone to a little nursery\nschool. I had friends. There were very few Jewish children my age. There was one\nlittle boy. We were born a month apart. Our parents were friends. I ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39270/file/110639#t=660.0,690.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39270/file/110639/transcript/24097/annotation/24","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"would like\nto talk about him later. Forgive me, I lost my train of thought.\n\nKENT: You were saying how the school was a bad memory.\n\nCOHEN: The school was actually . . . girls and boys were separated. That was the\nway schools were. I was the only Jewish girl in my class. I was not aware . . .\nmaybe in an upper grade, ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39270/file/110639#t=690.0,720.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39270/file/110639/transcript/24097/annotation/25","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"maybe second or third, there might have been some\nJewish children, but I was not aware of it because I just started in September\nof 1940. That was my first year. Except for that 'Mazel Tov' name, but otherwise\nI was quite well accepted.\n\nKENT: What did Jewishness mean to you?\n\nCOHEN: Jewishness meant a great deal. Please, it ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39270/file/110639#t=720.0,750.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39270/file/110639/transcript/24097/annotation/26","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"meant Friday taking the chicken\nto be killed at the synagogue. This is actually taking the live chicken, and\nbringing home a dead chicken because that was the only way the chicken would be\nkosher. We really did not keep kosher. There was ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39270/file/110639#t=750.0,780.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39270/file/110639/transcript/24097/annotation/27","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"no way to get kosher meat. In\nSarajevo, there was kosher meat. My mother had come from a kosher home in\nSarajevo, so we used to take the chicken to be killed in a special basement of\nthe synagogue . . . once a week, maybe even not that often. It depends if ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39270/file/110639#t=780.0,810.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39270/file/110639/transcript/24097/annotation/28","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"the\nrabbi was there to kill the chicken, which he was. That was how it began . . .\nit began by taking a bath Friday evening, then getting dressed, then having the\nShabbat [Hebrew: Sabbath] dinner, and lighting the candles. My father always\nsang the Kiddush . . . a very lengthy Kiddush. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39270/file/110639#t=810.0,840.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39270/file/110639/transcript/24097/annotation/29","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"It was very much in the lighting\nof the candles, everything. My father used to go to synagogue on Friday evening\nfor services. Women did not. I did not. Saturday morning, I don't remember him\ngoing very often but he had a store. The store had to be closed on ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39270/file/110639#t=840.0,870.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39270/file/110639/transcript/24097/annotation/30","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Sunday very\noften so I don't think he went. It meant Pesach. It meant all the pots were\nboiled, the house was torn up. It was very traditional. We always had big\nseders. My father's brothers and sister, they were all . . .\n\nKENT: Was there any sense of being different from non-Jews or was it more of a\ncultural type thing?\n\nCOHEN: Yes. I ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39270/file/110639#t=870.0,900.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39270/file/110639/transcript/24097/annotation/31","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"think the whole thing, the way we . . . the holidays. I don't\nremember much antagonism. We were not too many.\n\nKENT: What was the general standard of living during the 1930's there in that\npart of Europe?\n\nCOHEN: I can speak of my own family, which was middle class. By ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39270/file/110639#t=900.0,930.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39270/file/110639/transcript/24097/annotation/32","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"middle class, we\nhad probably much smaller but pretty much like this [referring to her home]. We\nhad . . . my mother had help in the house, which was not something [unusual]\nbecause there was a maid's room in the house. She did have help in the house,\nsomebody who lived in. But this was not a luxury. We did not have a ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39270/file/110639#t=930.0,960.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39270/file/110639/transcript/24097/annotation/33","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"car,\nrefrigeration we didn't have, so you had to go shopping for food every morning.\nIt was definitely middle class, parties at the club, my parents went, and\noccasionally a dinner out, not often, definitely going to the coffee shop on the\nRiva [waterfront in Split], and have a ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39270/file/110639#t=960.0,990.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39270/file/110639/transcript/24097/annotation/34","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"coffee. I think I knew about people. My\nfather had a store.\n\nKENT: What kind?\n\nCOHEN: A dry goods store . . . by the yard. After 1936 . . . basically the\ncollapse of the economy, he had to close the store but became a traveling\nsalesman. He ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39270/file/110639#t=990.0,1020.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39270/file/110639/transcript/24097/annotation/35","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"was very much into textiles. Life continued about the same, nothing\nchanged, until the war started.\n\nKENT: What kind of a kid were you? How would you describe yourself?\n\nCOHEN: Anxious to go to school, an only child, [I] was anxious to go to school.\nBasically, [I] adored the beach. I learned how to swim ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39270/file/110639#t=1020.0,1050.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39270/file/110639/transcript/24097/annotation/36","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"before [anything else]. I\nthink, fairly independent, because I lived in a small town with no traffic. We\ndid not live within the walls of the old Diocletian Palace but . . . I could\nfreely move around . . . in first grade, definitely walked to school by ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39270/file/110639#t=1050.0,1080.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39270/file/110639/transcript/24097/annotation/37","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"myself.\nAs a matter of fact, I always made fun of the German refugees. They had come to\nSplit after the problems in Germany. We had an influx. The mothers used to bring\nthese girls . . . they always went with the mother, and this was a joke for me.\nIt was kind of because they were in a strange place, and I was in my home town.\nIt was kind of ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39270/file/110639#t=1080.0,1110.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39270/file/110639/transcript/24097/annotation/38","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"different.\n\nKENT: When you mentioned your father was a leader . . . was he into politics and\ncurrent events, was it that kind of community leadership?\n\nCOHEN: He was a leader in the Jewish community. I think he was also somewhat a\nleader in the resistance movement or something, but that was not publicized,\nthat was not spoken of. That was secret.\n\nKENT: Was there much talk in your family, in your neighborhood about things\nchanging in the late ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39270/file/110639#t=1110.0,1140.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39270/file/110639/transcript/24097/annotation/39","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"1930's? I know they did not have CNN [Cable News Network]\nin those days.\n\nCOHEN: That's the big thing. We did not have . . .\n\nKENT: Did you know the war was coming?\n\nCOHEN: That is a very interesting thing. I was six-and-one-half . . . I was\nseven, when there was something in the air. Then my father was called into . . .\nbecause I don't know who declared ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39270/file/110639#t=1140.0,1170.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39270/file/110639/transcript/24097/annotation/40","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"war. I think Germany wanted to occupy . . .\nthey declared war on Yugoslavia. My father was called into the army. He left,\nand all at once, things changed. I believe this was in the late winter of 1940\nor early ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39270/file/110639#t=1170.0,1200.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39270/file/110639/transcript/24097/annotation/41","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"1941. There was definitely a change. My father left . . . he had to go\nin the military to fight against the Germans. Yugoslavia, at that point, was\nunder the king [Peter II] and Rabbi [Isaac Abraham] Alkalay, that you mentioned,\nwas very close to the king. There was a change . . . the big ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39270/file/110639#t=1200.0,1230.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39270/file/110639/transcript/24097/annotation/42","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"change, I remember\nvividly. One night, my mother said that we were invited to lunch or dinner . . .\nto one of the other families. It was on the other side, maybe 20 minutes or\none-half hour walk but that for us was nothing . . . nice streets. We left in\nthe evening, we were not afraid of walking at night. It was just the two of ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39270/file/110639#t=1230.0,1260.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39270/file/110639/transcript/24097/annotation/43","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"us.\nWe came toward the center of town and there was this sea of soldiers . . .\nGerman. The war was declared. I guess they already had. We couldn't hear from my\nfather. Marching through the city . . . this was an overwhelming feeling. I\ndon't know why I remembered ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39270/file/110639#t=1260.0,1290.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39270/file/110639/transcript/24097/annotation/44","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"it so clearly. Last night I was thinking of it . . .\nthe sea of marching Germans, they marched through the town. My mother and I kind\nof went to the side, and made it home. In the morning, there was absolutely no\ntrace of the Germans. They just walked through . . . they marched through the\ntown and ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39270/file/110639#t=1290.0,1320.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39270/file/110639/transcript/24097/annotation/45","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"went someplace. I would assume them to have come from the north and\ngone south towards maybe Dubrovnik [Yugoslavia at the time being referenced, now\nCroatia] or something. I don't really . . . you are seven years old and it's not\nanything but definitely this was not part of the country that they were going to occupy.\n\nKENT: Once ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39270/file/110639#t=1320.0,1350.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39270/file/110639/transcript/24097/annotation/46","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"your father had to leave, what did you and your mom do?\n\nCOHEN: We stayed . . . it wasn't for a very long period of time. It was two or\nthree weeks maybe, or maybe a month. We just continued our real lives. The lady\nthat was in the house, she was still there. We just continued. My mother was\nalways worrying about how my father [was]. We got a telegram that he was okay.\nHe was not taken ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39270/file/110639#t=1350.0,1380.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39270/file/110639/transcript/24097/annotation/47","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"prisoner. A lot of people were taken prisoners . . . different\nfrom prisoners-of-war, by the Germans. My father was not caught. He sent a\ntelegram, \"I am okay. I am going to try somehow to make it home.\" Within a week,\nI think, he returned home.\n\nKENT: He wasn't really trained to be a soldier, he was just drafted?\n\nCOHEN: He had been . . . it's like here . . . ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39270/file/110639#t=1380.0,1410.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39270/file/110639/transcript/24097/annotation/48","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"you were drafted. You didn't . . .\nbut he had served in the First World War in Austria. That was where he learned,\nin the Austrian army, and he had learned German at that time.\n\nKENT: He came back after a few weeks?\n\nCOHEN: Yes. Maybe a month, but I don't even know that it was that long.\n\nKENT: This was early 1941?\n\nCOHEN: Very early 1941. Maybe summer, maybe spring, early spring of 1941.\n\nKENT: ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39270/file/110639#t=1410.0,1440.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39270/file/110639/transcript/24097/annotation/49","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"What was the situation around you?\n\nCOHEN: That part I don't remember. I remember that it was kind of unsettled.\nThat's all I remember. It changed very rapidly because the Italians came. The\nItalians came to occupy . . . Split, to them, was part of the city that ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39270/file/110639#t=1440.0,1470.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39270/file/110639/transcript/24097/annotation/50","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"belonged\nalways to them . . . the Diocletian Palace . . . many of the old timers spoke\nItalian, with the Venetian dialect, many of the older ones, the younger ones,\nno. The Italians came, occupied the city ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39270/file/110639#t=1470.0,1500.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39270/file/110639/transcript/24097/annotation/51","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and things started to happen.\n\nKENT: Go through it a week at a time or a day at a time.\n\nCOHEN: That I don't remember. The only thing I remember is that, all at once, my\nmother's family [and] my father's family that lived in Zagreb [Yugoslavia at the\ntime being referenced, now Croatia,] or Zagabria [Italian], Belgrade [Yugoslavia\nat the time being referenced, now Serbia] or in ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39270/file/110639#t=1500.0,1530.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39270/file/110639/transcript/24097/annotation/52","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Sarajevo . . . they all had\nbrothers and sisters . . . started coming to Split. Because we were now occupied\nby the Italians, there was a feeling that they would be lenient with the Jews,\nnot [treat them] . . . fairly, but they would not put them in concentration\ncamps. Mussolini I don't think was really a ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39270/file/110639#t=1530.0,1560.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39270/file/110639/transcript/24097/annotation/53","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"killer of Jews. That is when [we\nwent] from a family of three . . . my mother, my father and I, and the\nhousekeeper . . . things changed. There was an influx of family members. They\nwere all escaping the Germans from these cities. They would ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39270/file/110639#t=1560.0,1590.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39270/file/110639/transcript/24097/annotation/54","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"stay with us for a\nfew weeks, and then they would go, and find a room someplace or something like\nthat. This was a drastic change. There was a house full of people. Cooking was .\n. . there could be 10, 15 people in the house, and it's little.\n\nKENT: What was the feeling in the air, was it fear?\n\nCOHEN: They were all fearful. They all had come . . . ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39270/file/110639#t=1590.0,1620.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39270/file/110639/transcript/24097/annotation/55","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"basically had left these\ncities with false papers--false identification cards and things like that.\nThings in Split were changing. The school was taken over by the Italians. They\nbrought in Italian . . . they wanted to basically nationalize the city of Split\nunder Italian ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39270/file/110639#t=1620.0,1650.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39270/file/110639/transcript/24097/annotation/56","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"government . . . hopefully, for them, if they won the war, so they\nwanted already the children to start speaking Italian and learning. The school,\nthey brought in a teacher from Italy. Definitely someone I think wore a black\nshirt . . . a fascist. I had a new teacher. The classes . . . everything was in\nItalian. She made believe . . . I believe she did speak some ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39270/file/110639#t=1650.0,1680.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39270/file/110639/transcript/24097/annotation/57","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Serbo-Croatian but\nshe made believe she never spoke it. This is where I became the teacher's pet. I\nthink she knew I was Jewish, with a name like 'Finzi' in that part of the world.\nBut still the children in class did not understand her. She spoke Italian to the\nclass. But I spoke Ladino, Spanish, and I understood everything, so she would\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39270/file/110639#t=1680.0,1710.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39270/file/110639/transcript/24097/annotation/58","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"make me translate for them. Somehow, I understood her. I still don't know why\nbut I guess . . . I don't know, because maybe the Spanish. My father spoke\nItalian, so I had heard that spoken. My father spoke it with many of the old\ntimers . . . Jewish citizens of Split who were the old timers, the Marpols,\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39270/file/110639#t=1710.0,1740.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39270/file/110639/transcript/24097/annotation/59","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Godot [sp: 29:05], the families that spoke [Italian]. I must have been exposed\nto it, but not aware. I could not speak it but I definitely understood it and\ncould translate it. One fine day, I was in school. I loved school. The teacher\nsaid, \"Finzi, you have to go get your father, and you can stay home.\" I said,\n\"But I didn't ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39270/file/110639#t=1740.0,1770.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39270/file/110639/transcript/24097/annotation/60","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"do anything.\" [She said,] \"Honey, you didn't do anything but I\nhave to speak to your father. Take your books and go get your father.\" We had\ntwo sessions, some kids went in the mornings, some didn't . . . it was\novercrowded. After lunch, I had left my parents, with some of the family members\nthat escaped from the other parts occupied by Germans. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39270/file/110639#t=1770.0,1800.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39270/file/110639/transcript/24097/annotation/61","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I got home, I said, \"Dad,\nI didn't do anything, the teacher wants you to come.\" He said, \"Yes, honey, why\ndon't you stay home.\" This is something [for which] I blame my father. Instead\nof telling me why the teacher wanted him to come, he said, \"I'll go and meet\nwith her.\" I said, \"But I want to come back.\" [He said,] \"No.\" [I said,] \"Yes,\nyes, yes.\" [He said,] \"Okay, come back with ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39270/file/110639#t=1800.0,1830.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39270/file/110639/transcript/24097/annotation/62","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"me.\" When we got back she talked to\nmy father, who spoke Italian fluently, and she told him that because I was\nJewish, I could no longer attend school. My father said, \"Should I tell her to\ncome with me?\" [She said,] \"No, let her stay until the end of the afternoon,\nthen she will come home.\" When I got home, they said, \"School . . . you can't go\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39270/file/110639#t=1830.0,1860.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39270/file/110639/transcript/24097/annotation/63","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"anymore . . . Jewish children cannot go to public schools.\"\n\nKENT: Did you get any explanation for that?\n\nCOHEN: The explanation was--Jewish. We knew . . . I didn't, I was seven years\nold . . . my parents knew because the racial laws were already in full . . . not\nuse, what is the word, help me . . . they took place in ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39270/file/110639#t=1860.0,1890.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39270/file/110639/transcript/24097/annotation/64","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Italy already. We are\ntalking about 1941, I think, 1939, the racial . . . all the university students,\nhigh school, elementary school . . . no one could go to public schools.\n\nKENT: Was your father allowed to still have his store?\n\nCOHEN: No, all the businesses were closed. The maid had to leave. All these\nthings started happening. The businesses were not . . ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39270/file/110639#t=1890.0,1920.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39270/file/110639/transcript/24097/annotation/65","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":". the beach was closed to\nJews. As a matter of fact, in their book, it said, \"Evitato l'ingresso agli\nEbrei\" [Italian], which meant \"Entrance is prohibited to Jews.\" There was one\nthat said, \"Gli Hebre e i cani\" [Italian] \"To Jews and dogs.\" But anyway, I just\nread before you all ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39270/file/110639#t=1920.0,1950.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39270/file/110639/transcript/24097/annotation/66","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"arrived, where it said, be careful, because if the Jews left\nany of their towels, they are full of vermin, throw them [away]. It was just so,\nso wild. This was the beach that was the built beach where there were bathrooms\n. . ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39270/file/110639#t=1950.0,1980.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39270/file/110639/transcript/24097/annotation/67","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":". we were not allowed. Actually within a month, this whole thing changed: no\nJews in schools, no help in the house, no stores owned by Jews, no beach, no\ncongregating in coffee shops. You couldn't congregate in coffee shops. Yes?\n\nKENT: Was it the Italian government putting out those rules?\n\nCOHEN: Yes. The ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39270/file/110639#t=1980.0,2010.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39270/file/110639/transcript/24097/annotation/68","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"fascists . . . Mussolini, he was following basically Hitler's\nracial laws, but in a milder manner in some ways, much milder. I am here.\n\nKENT: What were your parents and the other Jewish folks saying about these changes?\n\nCOHEN: Actually, they were very proactive. The first things that ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39270/file/110639#t=2010.0,2040.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39270/file/110639/transcript/24097/annotation/69","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"happened, we\nhave to now educate these children. All the teachers lost their jobs who were\nJews, all the professors who were Jewish, so we are going to form a school. We\nare going to go to the private homes of people or we are going to meet at . . .\nsome buildings that the synagogue owned. It ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39270/file/110639#t=2040.0,2070.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39270/file/110639/transcript/24097/annotation/70","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"was, I think, a few weeks. I think\nthey were very aware of things that were coming. They did not talk to me, as a\nchild, I was not made aware of that. They were organized mentally, much more\norganized than I thought because within a week or two, they already had\norganized ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39270/file/110639#t=2070.0,2100.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39270/file/110639/transcript/24097/annotation/71","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"who was going to be . . . engineers . . . my uncle who was an engineer\nwho had studied in Italy, was teaching math and science. Other people were\nteaching. But, very interesting, our instruction was not to be in\nSerbo-Croatian. Our instruction was . . . we had to still continue studying in\nItalian. Interesting . . . so basically . . . my uncle ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39270/file/110639#t=2100.0,2130.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39270/file/110639/transcript/24097/annotation/72","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"who had studied in Italy,\nat Polytech in Milan . . . was a professor, because he spoke [Italian]. Our\nteachers had to speak Italian. At the end of the school year, the Italian\nauthorities gave us the permission of going and giving exams. You know the terms\nto be . . . when you go ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39270/file/110639#t=2130.0,2160.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39270/file/110639/transcript/24097/annotation/73","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"from one grade to the other . . .\n\nKENT: Graduate?\n\nCOHEN: No, promoted, that's the word . . . promoted to the next grade. We were\nactually preparing for the exam. We were just following the normal Italian\ncurriculum, with math, with everything. Our rabbi . . . not Izzy . . . there was\nanother rabbi . . . Alteris [sp], who had come . . . Izzy was in jail . . . ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39270/file/110639#t=2160.0,2190.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39270/file/110639/transcript/24097/annotation/74","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"came\nto teach us Jewish religion. Basically, we met in these rooms . . . it was\nabove, or near the synagogue. We had classes there. Again, double shift . . .\nsome groups went in the morning, some [in the afternoon]. By now, there was an\naddition . . . we were 300 families before, 300 souls, ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39270/file/110639#t=2190.0,2220.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39270/file/110639/transcript/24097/annotation/75","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"300 people, by now, there\nwere probably more like 1,000 people because all the refugees from all the other\ncities, they had fled from the German-occupied part.\n\nKENT: Were they living in your apartment also?\n\nCOHEN: They were living wherever they could find a room. My mother had two\nbrothers, a sister. They were living wherever they could. They found rooms with\ngentile people. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39270/file/110639#t=2220.0,2250.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39270/file/110639/transcript/24097/annotation/76","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"But, so we had school. It was so interesting because we met in\nthe afternoon. One teacher would leave, and we were left alone, maybe 20 of us,\ntwo or three grades together. There was a ping-pong table . . . we used the\nping-pong table for our classroom. We just sat all around, and, I think, learned\nquite a lot. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39270/file/110639#t=2250.0,2280.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39270/file/110639/transcript/24097/annotation/77","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"But when the rabbi used to come, I remember being the leader. By\nthen, it was five o'clock, it was getting dark. If he was late, I said, \"Let's\nturn off . . . let me get on top of the table, and unscrew the bulb.\" When the\nrabbi came there was no light there, so he would let us go home early. It was\njust . . . I remember this so vividly! They said, \"Finzi, get on top of the\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39270/file/110639#t=2280.0,2310.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39270/file/110639/transcript/24097/annotation/78","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"chair . . . you're small . . . get on the table, on top of the chair.\" I\nunscrewed the bulb, and when the rabbi came, the light was in the bathroom down\nthe hall, but we didn't have light, so he sent us home. Then, they discovered.\nThere was a lot of . . . we had fun. Now, the boys and the girls were together.\nMy little friend that . . . I knew ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39270/file/110639#t=2310.0,2340.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39270/file/110639/transcript/24097/annotation/79","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"him since I was born, was in class with me\nand other people . . . some of the German Jews, some of the Austrian Jewish kids.\n\nKENT: Do you remember that boy's name?\n\nCOHEN: The boy's name was Muscov Finzi [sp]. He had the same last name as mine,\nno relation. He died in concentration camp.\n\nKENT: Did you know anything about what your father was planning to do ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39270/file/110639#t=2340.0,2370.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39270/file/110639/transcript/24097/annotation/80","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"for work,\nfor business, once the store was taken away?\n\nCOHEN: It was very interesting. There was no work. I think the most that you\ncould do was sell something . . . black market. Interestingly enough, there was\nthis Italian family that owned a couple of shops . . . they were going . . .\nItalian fascist family . . . that my ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39270/file/110639#t=2370.0,2400.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39270/file/110639/transcript/24097/annotation/81","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"father sold to as a manufacturing\nrepresentative . . . sold to them merchandise. The husband and wife decided to\ngo to Trieste [Italy] first, to buy, which was a bigger city. No more did the\ntraveling salesmen come, they had to go and buy merchandise for the store. They\ntook a boat from ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39270/file/110639#t=2400.0,2430.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39270/file/110639/transcript/24097/annotation/82","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Split to Trieste, the boat was torpedoed, and the couple was\nkilled. There were teenage children left. The . . . Italian fascist authorities\nasked this Italian family, \"Who do you think your father would want us to ask to\nmanage the stores, and liquidate ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39270/file/110639#t=2430.0,2460.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39270/file/110639/transcript/24097/annotation/83","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"the stores for you so you could get the money?\"\nHe said, \"The only person that my dad respected and would want in Split would be\nMauricio Finzi.\" They said, \"But he is Jewish.\" \"I don't care,\" the young man\nsaid. \"Mr. Finzi was the only one that my father always said if you have any\nproblem, go to ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39270/file/110639#t=2460.0,2490.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39270/file/110639/transcript/24097/annotation/84","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"him.\" Here my father, who was a Jew, who could not work, went to\nwork for this family to liquidate the stores, price, and sell. It was very\ninteresting, and they had to pay him. The rule was bent there because there was\nthis ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39270/file/110639#t=2490.0,2520.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39270/file/110639/transcript/24097/annotation/85","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"tragedy that these young teenagers were left with no family, and somebody\nhad to liquidate it. My father for, I think, maybe six, seven months, worked\nliquidating those stores, and selling the merchandise, and helping the kids. It\nwas interesting how . . . basically, I don't think the Germans would ever have\ndone that . . . the Nazis would never have ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39270/file/110639#t=2520.0,2550.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39270/file/110639/transcript/24097/annotation/86","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"done something like that. When you\nsaid, what he did, that's what he did. Then, after that, we didn't have money\nany more. This rug is in memory of the rug that my parents had in Split, which\nwas the first thing that left our house. My parents sold it so we could live on.\nThe dining room, which was the fancier . . . that was . . . we did not have\nliving rooms, we had dining rooms . . . that furniture from that left the ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39270/file/110639#t=2550.0,2580.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39270/file/110639/transcript/24097/annotation/87","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"house,\njust for money to live on.\n\nKENT: Did your family leave the area at all or did you stay there?\n\nCOHEN: We stayed there until September 8, 1943.\n\nKENT: So about two-and-one-half years of that life?\n\nCOHEN: Yes. The fascists did . . . went and beat up the guys coming out of\nsynagogue on Friday night, and destroyed all the ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39270/file/110639#t=2580.0,2610.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39270/file/110639/transcript/24097/annotation/88","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"synagogue, I have the book, and\nburned all the books. It was just . . . I don't know, I go in there and my\nEnglish is gone . . . I want to use different words, forgive me. I taught\nEnglish for a long time, so it is not that I don't speak it. It was rough. My\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39270/file/110639#t=2610.0,2640.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39270/file/110639/transcript/24097/annotation/89","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"uncle was in jail because . . . to be in jail was not a terrible thing, you were\nproud. In jail, they didn't used to give him food so family used to bring food.\nWho was elected always to bring food to the jail for Uncle Chaim? My ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39270/file/110639#t=2640.0,2670.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39270/file/110639/transcript/24097/annotation/90","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"mother was\nafraid to go, my father was afraid, so Tilda . . . because the Italians never\nhurt children. This was not, I can't explain, but it wasn't something. I spoke,\nby then, Italian, and I would bring food to my uncle once a day . . . midday.\nThey would even open the thing . . . he was in this different, I don't know.\nThey would say, \"You want to ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39270/file/110639#t=2670.0,2700.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39270/file/110639/transcript/24097/annotation/91","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"see your uncle? I will call him. Chaim, Chaim, come\nto the window! Your niece is here. Tilda è qui [Italian].\" Oh God, I am going\nto switch languages on you, forgive me . . . \"Tilda is here.\" This was one of my\nthings that I did on a daily basis until he got let out, and he came back to\nlive with us. But he died fighting with the partisans. Then he went to the\npartisans, ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39270/file/110639#t=2700.0,2730.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39270/file/110639/transcript/24097/annotation/92","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Tito's partisans, like we did.\n\nKENT: Was there much of a military or police presence in the streets?\n\nCOHEN: Yes, yes. The fascists . . . there was a very military presence . . . the\nfascists, people who were working in the underground, working for the partisans.\nMy little ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39270/file/110639#t=2730.0,2760.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39270/file/110639/transcript/24097/annotation/93","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"cousin, first cousin, who was at my parents' wedding [when] she was\nabout seven . . . she was 17 . . . very beautiful girl. She was in the\nunderground, and she was selected to throw vitriol [acid] at one of the big\nfascist commanders of the city. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39270/file/110639#t=2760.0,2790.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39270/file/110639/transcript/24097/annotation/94","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"She did it. Blinded him and then escaped into\nthe partisans . . . was in the partisans, and died there of typhus. Her name was\nthe same as mine, Tilda Finzi. I told you, all the brothers named their\ndaughters Tilda. He was the oldest, my uncle . . . ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39270/file/110639#t=2790.0,2820.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39270/file/110639/transcript/24097/annotation/95","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Giuseppe, and that was their\nonly child. She did. She was . . . there was very much the influence of young\npeople who used to go the synagogue downstairs. There was a group that met there\nregularly . . . the rabbi was the leader, the one that got [arrested]. It was a\nvery resistant . . . if they thought the Jews did not fight back, they sure did,\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39270/file/110639#t=2820.0,2850.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39270/file/110639/transcript/24097/annotation/96","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I can tell you that, they sure did. My cousin threw vitriol. This was a major\nthing in this little town. It was one of the evenings. Everybody was walking on\nthe promenade. It was awful. She did escape, she was not caught by them, and\ndied in the partisans.\n\nKENT: Was there any retaliation?\n\nCOHEN: ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39270/file/110639#t=2850.0,2880.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39270/file/110639/transcript/24097/annotation/97","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Big retaliation, yes. Lots of people were put in jail. Lots of people\nwere . . . please help me, I can't think of the word . . . tortured to speak and\nsay [who did it]. But I don't know that anyone . . . it was horrible, horrible.\nThis was ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39270/file/110639#t=2880.0,2910.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39270/file/110639/transcript/24097/annotation/98","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"not only Jews. This was the movement. There was a mixed group that\nfought the fascists. It was a mixed group . . . actually, the ones that left,\nand went to the partisans later. The partisans were Tito's partisans.\n\nKENT: So the Jews had both the Italians and the Germans as enemies.\n\nCOHEN: Yes. I did ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39270/file/110639#t=2910.0,2940.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39270/file/110639/transcript/24097/annotation/99","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"not see a German except for that passing through that city\nthat evening, I never saw a German.\n\nKENT: So there wasn't any combat in that part of the country?\n\nCOHEN: No, there was no combat, none whatsoever . . . except the partisans were\nin the mountains, and they used to do sabotage. The bus, the train, the . . .\nthis was the . . . I was aware of this because they used to speak Ladino . . .\nSpanish . . . my ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39270/file/110639#t=2940.0,2970.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39270/file/110639/transcript/24097/annotation/100","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"parents, when they used to speak of these things. My cousin\nTilda is up in the mountains. I understood, and I would think to myself, \"My\nGod, if they had known that I knew all this stuff. My parents.\" But they thought\nI didn't understand Ladino.\n\nKENT: They wanted to protect you from knowing?\n\nCOHEN: An eight year old. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39270/file/110639#t=2970.0,3000.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39270/file/110639/transcript/24097/annotation/101","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"But it was just kind of . . . a different world.\n\nKENT: You say your family left in September, 1943?\n\nCOHEN: September 8, 1943. Italy capitulated--capitulated, it means, basically,\nthey dropped their arms and walked away. It was the ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39270/file/110639#t=3000.0,3030.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39270/file/110639/transcript/24097/annotation/102","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"armistice. Because there was\nthe Italian legal government, but Duce [Italian: 'The Leader'] [Benito]\nMussolini took over somehow, and he allied himself more with Hitler than before.\nBasically, the Germans were coming. We felt the Germans would come. The Italians\nwere leaving with us, and going to the mountains, and ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39270/file/110639#t=3030.0,3060.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39270/file/110639/transcript/24097/annotation/103","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"leaving their arms and\ntheir uniforms. They were trying to get back home.\n\nKENT: What do you remember of leaving?\n\nCOHEN: I remember vividly about leaving. That I remember very much. We were\ntrying to get to Italy . . . we felt like Italy was going to be [safe]. We were\nwaiting. The Allied forces were in southern Italy, they were in Sicily . . .\nthey were in southern Italy already. They were probably ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39270/file/110639#t=3060.0,3090.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39270/file/110639/transcript/24097/annotation/104","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"in Bari, in the southern\npart of Italy. We felt they were coming over. They are going to cross the\nAdriatic [Sea], and we are going to be safe. My father felt, \"I don't think so.\nI am not waiting. We are going to walk up in the mountains.\" I had a feeling my\nfather was a little different than most people. We had an apartment, just an\napartment. But ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39270/file/110639#t=3090.0,3120.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39270/file/110639/transcript/24097/annotation/105","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"people did not want to leave their homes, they were afraid. My\nfather said, \"[No], we are going up to the mountains,\" so we walked. We walked\nup in the mountains for about a day or two and finally came to the . . .\npartisan ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39270/file/110639#t=3120.0,3150.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39270/file/110639/transcript/24097/annotation/106","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"base. My father was taken in the partisan army so he left, and went\nwith the partisans. My mother and I were left, and slept in the fields with our blankets.\n\nKENT: You and your mom were asleep out in the fields?\n\nCOHEN: Yes, but there were many people, you don't think. Everybody escaped. The\nwhole thing . . . Germans are coming. It was ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39270/file/110639#t=3150.0,3180.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39270/file/110639/transcript/24097/annotation/107","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"like crowds were going up the\nmountains. My dad was gone. That was the last time I saw my uncle Chaim, the one\nthat was in jail, the one I used to [bring food]. He left, and he left us his\nblankets. He said. \"You need them more.\" They both went to be trained as\nsoldiers to fight the Germans. We were ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39270/file/110639#t=3180.0,3210.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39270/file/110639/transcript/24097/annotation/108","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"there . . . there was . . . the captain\nin charge of the whole thing, was a Finzi, too, would you believe? He was an\narchitect . . . a very well-known architect before the war, who my parents fed,\none of the people that came for lunch every day. If ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39270/file/110639#t=3210.0,3240.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39270/file/110639/transcript/24097/annotation/109","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"we had gotten caught, we\nwould have been all dead, but we did not get caught. He became a big commandant\nin the whole area of the partisans. My mother got in touch. He came over and he\nsaid, \"I am going to Split by car . . . this was a big . . . car and a driver. I\nhave to do some things in Split. You go down there get winter coats, get shoes .\n. . ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39270/file/110639#t=3240.0,3270.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39270/file/110639/transcript/24097/annotation/110","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"this is not going to end. I will pick you up on my way back.\" She left me\nthere alone in this little village with other people. She left, and came back\nthat evening with Finzi. I can't think of his first name, but he was at my\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39270/file/110639#t=3270.0,3300.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39270/file/110639/transcript/24097/annotation/111","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"house, at my parent's house. It's funny because after the war, my parents went\nback to Split, and Bosnia and Belgrade, and saw him. That bag that hangs over\nthere, handmade by an artist, was given by him to them to thank them for all the\nhelp they gave him. It's kind of, I ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39270/file/110639#t=3300.0,3330.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39270/file/110639/transcript/24097/annotation/112","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"don't know why, I wouldn't not have\nmentioned it if that bag was not hanging there. Within maybe a week after that\nor 10 days, they sent my father back. Did this cousin have anything to do with\nit? I don't know. My father, in 1943, was already 43 years old. I think they\nfelt at that time, ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39270/file/110639#t=3330.0,3360.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39270/file/110639/transcript/24097/annotation/113","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"43 was pretty old to be fighting in the mountains, so they\nsent him back. They send him back . . . they told him to come back. He found us\nin the same place he left us. Then, the problem was now how to, what to do. We\nwere living outside. We had a mensa [Italian], which is a feeding place . . .\ncooking for the soldiers. They decided ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39270/file/110639#t=3360.0,3390.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39270/file/110639/transcript/24097/annotation/114","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that they had to do something about the\nJewish people, because if they got caught by the Germans . . . especially older,\nelderly [and] young children. They decided that some people were going to go\nwalk around, and go to the coast, and some people were going to go by trucks\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39270/file/110639#t=3390.0,3420.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39270/file/110639/transcript/24097/annotation/115","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"around. My father was selected to walk . . . my mother and I, because I was 10 .\n. . but little, that we would go in the trucks. All the stuff we had, we took\nwith us in the truck. They were taking us back to the beach so we could take\nsmall boats to the islands on the Adriatic Sea. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39270/file/110639#t=3420.0,3450.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39270/file/110639/transcript/24097/annotation/116","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Unfortunately, as we got close\nto Split, they had a message, and they had to dump us on the road, and then we\ncould continue on foot. They had to go back to Split to pick up stuff, pick up\npeople. Here we have all the stuff. My father is walking through the mountains\nwith other people, the able-bodied. The mothers and the ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39270/file/110639#t=3450.0,3480.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39270/file/110639/transcript/24097/annotation/117","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"children [were riding in\ntrucks] with all the luggage, so everything was abandoned. Whatever Mother and I\ncould carry, they told us which way to go, on the coast towards another town.\nIt's one of these things. I always remember this. My father arrived there\nexpecting us to be there, and we were not there. We were not there for ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39270/file/110639#t=3480.0,3510.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39270/file/110639/transcript/24097/annotation/118","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"hours. I\nguess he didn't know what to do. He knew the direction where the road would be\nso he started walking towards, going the opposite way. My God, the reunion\nbetween the three of us, it was one of those things, it was unbelievable. \"Where\nare the things,\" [he asked]. I said, \"We left everything, just abandoned\neverything.\" But that night, we all got in small ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39270/file/110639#t=3510.0,3540.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39270/file/110639/transcript/24097/annotation/119","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"boats, and we went to one of\nthe small islands.\n\nKENT: So you arrived at that small island?\n\nCOHEN: From where we met our dad, we had to wait until night. We had to go . . .\nvery dark night . . . to go from the coast to the small island. Maybe three or\nfour . . . three hours or ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39270/file/110639#t=3540.0,3570.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39270/file/110639/transcript/24097/annotation/120","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"so, they left us there, and partisans were there. We\nwere put in schools . . . by schools . . . where we slept on this trip . . . and\nfed us something. Then a few nights later, we went the same way, one island to\nthe other. From Brac [Yugoslavian: Brač] to Hvar . . . from Hvar . . . it was\njust ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39270/file/110639#t=3570.0,3600.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39270/file/110639/transcript/24097/annotation/121","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"basically working ourselves to the middle of the Adriatic--from one island\nto another. As a matter of fact, Rosh Ha-Shanah of 1943 . . . we left home on\nSeptember 11, 1943. I think that Rosh Ha-Shanah that year . . . I looked it up\nin synagogue one year. We have old ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39270/file/110639#t=3600.0,3630.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39270/file/110639/transcript/24097/annotation/122","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"books so I could find out when Rosh Ha-Shanah\nwas in 1943 . . . I think it was like the end of September. We were on one of\nthe larger islands. My mother and some of the women prepared food . . . in this\nbig . . . went to the bakery and borrowed a big pan, put vegetables and meat and\neverything, and brought ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39270/file/110639#t=3630.0,3660.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39270/file/110639/transcript/24097/annotation/123","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"it to bakery to cook in the oven. We had a meal for Rosh\nHa-Shanah in one of the restaurants. It was a communal type of living but I\nremember that Rosh Ha-Shanah. My father, some of them, said some prayers.\nFinally, we ended up on the island of Cres. The ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39270/file/110639#t=3660.0,3690.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39270/file/110639/transcript/24097/annotation/124","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"island of Cres never was\noccupied by the Germans. It always stayed in Tito's hands. Tito . . . all his\nwounded soldiers that he had stayed in Cres. They had a hospital. I think that\nthe Americans or Allies, ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39270/file/110639#t=3690.0,3720.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39270/file/110639/transcript/24097/annotation/125","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"some big ship, now we are talking about a big ship.\nTito is sending all the wounded men to Bari, Italy to be treated by the Allies\nin the hospital there. They decided that some of the Jewish families would go\nunderneath . . . under . . . the wounded were in the . . . what is the bottom of\nthe boat that you would go under?\n\nKENT: Cargo ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39270/file/110639#t=3720.0,3750.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39270/file/110639/transcript/24097/annotation/126","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"hold?\n\nCOHEN: Yes, whatever it is. We were put in there . . . quite a few of us, I\nthink maybe 40, 50, I don't know. We went to Bari, Italy. By Yom Kippur, we were\nin Bari. That was 10 days later . . . we were in Bari. I remember we started to\nfast . . . a can of corned beef, which was probably not kosher ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39270/file/110639#t=3750.0,3780.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39270/file/110639/transcript/24097/annotation/127","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"for sure, it\nmight have had pork . . . but what I am trying to say . . . we were still\nobserving. It's amazing! We ended up in Bari. This was, the Allies were there,\nthe Americans. For the first time, I saw an African-American person, driving a\njeep. It was just like . . . the chocolate we were given and chewing gum . . . I\nhad never heard of ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39270/file/110639#t=3780.0,3810.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39270/file/110639/transcript/24097/annotation/128","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"chewing gum but gum, I saw. It was just . . . all this was\njust like . . . it was October, I think, the beginning. The dates I should have\nlooked up in Italy. That was basically the escape. Now, most of the people did\nnot leave Split. Most of the ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39270/file/110639#t=3810.0,3840.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39270/file/110639/transcript/24097/annotation/129","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"people stayed. My father was not willing to stay .\n. . he felt . . . as I told you, Muscov [sp], my little friend, and his mother,\nand his grandmother were taken to concentration camp. He wrote letters from\ncamp, \"Please send me food, my Jewish friend.\" My cousin, the one who actually ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39270/file/110639#t=3840.0,3870.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39270/file/110639/transcript/24097/annotation/130","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I\ntold you about his father being the engineer who taught science and math, his\nmother did not feel that he could walk. He was a year younger than I. She stayed\nbehind. She felt like they could survive. My uncle left, and became a leader in\nthe partisans, but they stayed. Basically, both of them, the mother and ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39270/file/110639#t=3870.0,3900.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39270/file/110639/transcript/24097/annotation/131","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"my\nlittle cousin, Shalom Finzi, both of them were killed in concentration camps.\nLots and lots of friends, my parents' friends . . . the community was basically\ndecimated. But I ended up in Italy. I spoke Italian, my father spoke Italian, my\nmother spoke Italian. We were kind of, ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39270/file/110639#t=3900.0,3930.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39270/file/110639/transcript/24097/annotation/132","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"fairly fine . . . lived in schools again.\n\nKENT: This was about November 1943?\n\nCOHEN: I think it was more like October . . . the end of October. Then we found\n. . .\n\nKENT: Where exactly in Italy?\n\nCOHEN: Bari.\n\nKENT: Is that an island or a town?\n\nCOHEN: Bari is quite a big. It is the capital of Apulia . . . of the region of\nItaly. The capital city . . ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39270/file/110639#t=3930.0,3960.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39270/file/110639/transcript/24097/annotation/133","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":". it is quite a large city. Bari is . . . it is a\nvery nice city in . . . big city, much bigger than Split. This is where . . .\nwhen I first . . . there were . . . bombs were falling there. The Germans were\nbombing because it was a very large port. My father ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39270/file/110639#t=3960.0,3990.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39270/file/110639/transcript/24097/annotation/134","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"was walking around the\nstreet. We were maybe at the school, but the school means we had in a school\nroom, and the bathroom was down . . . not in school but just sleeping on, not\npaglia [Italian: straw].\n\nEINSTEIN: Pallets?\n\nCOHEN: No, blankets and straw. They brought straw, and laid it down on the\nfloor, and gave us military ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39270/file/110639#t=3990.0,4020.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39270/file/110639/transcript/24097/annotation/135","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"blankets. My father was walking on the street, and\none man approached him. [He] said was he [was] Jewish in German. It was a member\nof the Israeli, the British army from Israel, an Israeli soldier in the ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39270/file/110639#t=4020.0,4050.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39270/file/110639/transcript/24097/annotation/136","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"British\narmy. My father after . . . always looked for him. He helped us so much. It was\nunbelievable how much food and moral support . . . I think he was originally\nfrom Ukraine. They must have been speaking more Serbo-Croatian. Ukrainian and\nSerbo-Croatian is very similar. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39270/file/110639#t=4050.0,4080.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39270/file/110639/transcript/24097/annotation/137","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"David, I know his name was David . . . we got\ninvolved in this with them. Then, there was so much bombing in Bari that we had\nto leave, and go up in the small towns. In the small towns, there was the map\ndivision of the British army run by the ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39270/file/110639#t=4080.0,4110.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39270/file/110639/transcript/24097/annotation/138","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"whole group from Israel. They were the\nones that . . . those people, I think, were working for the Irgun, too, they\nwere double . . . they were there. They were looking for Jews to bring . . . for\nthe first Pesach. For the rest of my life, when it's . . . they were looking for\nsomebody, they invited all the ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39270/file/110639#t=4110.0,4140.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39270/file/110639/transcript/24097/annotation/139","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Israeli citizens that were in the RAF . . .\n\nKENT: RAF . . . Royal Air Force.\n\nCOHEN: Yes. No, the planes . . . the air, air . . . in the air. Why is my\nEnglish failing me? I am so sorry?\n\nEINSTEIN: ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39270/file/110639#t=4140.0,4170.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39270/file/110639/transcript/24097/annotation/140","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"The three languages running together.\n\nCOHEN: Because I am in a different country now, so what I am remembering now is\neverything spoken.\n\nKENT: Did you think in Italian in those days?\n\nCOHEN: I always think the language I speak. But I am going back in history so I\nam back. I am not in English. I didn't speak English yet. They were having a\nseder. All ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39270/file/110639#t=4170.0,4200.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39270/file/110639/transcript/24097/annotation/141","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"the Jews that were serving in the British army, or air force . . .\nthat is the word . . . were coming to this big seder . . . hundreds of people.\nThe commander of that map division . . . they were drawing maps. They were good\nat maps. They decided they were going to have a seder, and they needed a child\nto say the Ma Nishtana, ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39270/file/110639#t=4200.0,4230.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39270/file/110639/transcript/24097/annotation/142","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"so I was selected. I did not read Hebrew. He taught me .\n. . I had to go every day for him to teach me the Ma Nishtana. There were no\ntapes then. I always remember I was put on a chair, again on a chair, on a\ntable, to say Ma Nishtana, for this . . . I remember a sea of blue because they\nwere wearing these navy blue ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39270/file/110639#t=4230.0,4260.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39270/file/110639/transcript/24097/annotation/143","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"uniforms, and the military color . . . the air\nforce was wearing blue uniforms. All the refugees they were hiding, we were all\ninvited . . . not hiding at that point, they were just escaping from Bari. That\nwas my first seder. I always have to tell my children the story . . . the Ma\nNishtana, when I said it the first time there. It was very ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39270/file/110639#t=4260.0,4290.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39270/file/110639/transcript/24097/annotation/144","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"kind of safe, but we\nwere worried about members of families . . . different places. My mother slowly\nstarted hearing about one brother being killed, and fighting with the partisans,\nand the second one. But life continued. I always remember in Bari. Is this too long?\n\nKENT: No.\n\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39270/file/110639#t=4290.0,4320.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39270/file/110639/transcript/24097/annotation/145","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"COHEN: We always rented one room. Finally, we got out of the school. My parents\nrented one room in somebody's basement apartment. I am not talking about\nbasement in a house. I'm talking there were many apartments in the building.\nThere was a lady who had the basement apartment, and she was renting her\nbedroom. Her husband was a prisoner of war or something so he [was not ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39270/file/110639#t=4320.0,4350.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39270/file/110639/transcript/24097/annotation/146","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"there].\nIt was very interesting. My father was 43. There were these different families\nthat we had come from Split together, a few. One night, one afternoon, one of\nthe men . . . I guess to give privacy, this family . . . [my] parents never had\nany privacy, now I think back. One of the men said, \"I am taking all the kids.\nThere were three or four kids. I am ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39270/file/110639#t=4350.0,4380.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39270/file/110639/transcript/24097/annotation/147","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"taking them to the movies this afternoon so\nparents can have time to be [alone].\" Don't you think, it was the worst bombing\nthat afternoon . . . the worst. We had to go in a shelter. I was 10. I was so\nfearful that I would never find my parents again. It was such a scary, scary\nfeeling. Because the bomb . . . when we got out of ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39270/file/110639#t=4380.0,4410.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39270/file/110639/transcript/24097/annotation/148","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"the bomb shelter, they told\nus to walk in the middle of the street, because the windows were still . . . all\nthe windows were [broken], and be careful of our feet. It was fine. In\ncomparison to the people that went to concentration camps, I don't feel that I\nhad any [problem]. But anyway, we made it to the little ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39270/file/110639#t=4410.0,4440.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39270/file/110639/transcript/24097/annotation/149","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"room. My parents were\nfine. But after that was when we decided, that's it, it's too much. Bari was a\nmajor, major, major port in southern Italy, where the Allies had all their stuff\ndelivered. As a matter of fact, we had a big explosion where the allies had . .\n. what did they use for chemo?\n\nEINSTEIN: Radiation?\n\nCOHEN: ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39270/file/110639#t=4440.0,4470.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39270/file/110639/transcript/24097/annotation/150","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"No, chemo. They used a certain . . . when I had chemo a few years . . .\nfour, five years ago for cancer . . . I kept saying this tastes vaguely familiar\nin my throat. It has been written up in one of the history books. Americans did\nhave the gas . . . what ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39270/file/110639#t=4470.0,4500.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39270/file/110639/transcript/24097/annotation/151","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"gas?\n\nKENT: Nitrous gas?\n\nCOHEN: Maybe something. Germans bombed the ship, bombed the port, and it\nexploded, and there were thousands of dead people in Bari. It was written . . .\none of the history books about southern Italy, written after the war, maybe a\nfew years ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39270/file/110639#t=4500.0,4530.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39270/file/110639/transcript/24097/annotation/152","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"ago, pointed that out. My memory doesn't serve me, I don't know what\nkind of gas, but it's going to come. That's why when we left, we went up into\nsmall towns because the bombing was very severe . . . and the war. It was fine.\nSchool started opening. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39270/file/110639#t=4530.0,4560.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39270/file/110639/transcript/24097/annotation/153","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I started going to school. My father started [working]\nin Bari, in southern Italy. But we were occupied by the Allies. It was safe,\nrelatively safe. Again, the little Jewish community got together, started\nfunctioning as a Jewish community. I remember being at . . . going to . . .\nhaving a Hanukkah party, as a matter of fact, ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39270/file/110639#t=4560.0,4590.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39270/file/110639/transcript/24097/annotation/154","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and the Ma'oz Tzur, and all the\nsongs and everything. Many Italian Jews were there, they had come from the\nnorth, escaped. There was a small Jewish community. My father again was doing\nhis work . . . being someone.\n\nKENT: There was a general sense of safety, like you had escaped the worst?\n\nCOHEN: Yes, definitely. Are you kidding? We were safe. We were worried about\nmembers ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39270/file/110639#t=4590.0,4620.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39270/file/110639/transcript/24097/annotation/155","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"of my mother's, my father's [families], but we . . . were with the\nAllies . . . British, Americans, and Israeli soldiers who had big seders for\nthemselves and for us. We were fine, and my father was working. There were no\njobs. But he was working in the black market selling . . . I don't know what he\nwas doing . . . selling dollars . . . collecting little gold and melting . . .\nbut he made a ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39270/file/110639#t=4620.0,4650.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39270/file/110639/transcript/24097/annotation/156","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"living . . . not collecting, buying gold, and melting it down and\nselling it, stuff like that.\n\nKENT: What was your Mom doing? Was she pretty much a full-time mother?\n\nCOHEN: Yes, my mother . . . cooking . . . we always lived, maybe rented, a big\nold house. There was just all these friends and single people, and the women\nwere cooking. I wasn't always . . . I do dishes very well. I was already ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39270/file/110639#t=4650.0,4680.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39270/file/110639/transcript/24097/annotation/157","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"doing\nlots of dishes.\n\nKENT: Did you have a best friend at the time?\n\nCOHEN: Mostly Italian, no, not really, Italian. Yes, I still have pictures of\nvery good friends . . . daughter of a doctor . . . physician that lived in the\napartment next door. That Israeli commander was their best friend. He was a ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39270/file/110639#t=4680.0,4710.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39270/file/110639/transcript/24097/annotation/158","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"kid.\nOnce the war ended, [in] 1945, we moved back to Bari.\n\nKENT: When did the war exactly end in that spot?\n\nCOHEN: For us, I don't know. That is maybe in 1944, 1945, exactly when Germany .\n. .\n\nKENT: What season . . . when you were told that you were all free?\n\nCOHEN: No, nobody said. It was . . . the ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39270/file/110639#t=4710.0,4740.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39270/file/110639/transcript/24097/annotation/159","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"front was, . . . there was a very . . .\nFoggia [Italy], I don't know if you ever heard of Foggia. There was a big battle\nwhere the Germans actually gained some terrain, and they were coming back down.\nIt was fearful. Until the end of 1944, it is funny because I don't remember the\nyear exactly . . . .\n\nKENT: It was in the winter?\n\nCOHEN: ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39270/file/110639#t=4740.0,4770.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39270/file/110639/transcript/24097/annotation/160","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I don't know. We were . . . displaced people, persons came . . . we were\nin this place, on the beach, it was one of these, it's like . . . when it\nprobably ended was in 1945, that I think. That was something I should have\nprepared myself. We were in this place . . . the ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39270/file/110639#t=4770.0,4800.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39270/file/110639/transcript/24097/annotation/161","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"apartment, they did not want us\nin apartments. They wanted us in displaced people's camps . . . made friends. As\na matter of fact, one of my best friends . . . I met another Finzi . . . there\nwere so many Finzis . . . Bianca Finzi. Bianca lives in Florida now, and is\nmarried to Joe Gottfried. We were still in displaced persons' [camp]. She was\nfour years older. How I made friends . . . I was ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39270/file/110639#t=4800.0,4830.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39270/file/110639/transcript/24097/annotation/162","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"13 . . . I made friends with\nher. She was learning a trade to be a beautician. She cut my hair. I just\nvisited them . . . I visited her and her husband in Florida, last December. With\nthem, I met a boyfriend, Milan Cohen [sp], who was in ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39270/file/110639#t=4830.0,4860.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39270/file/110639/transcript/24097/annotation/163","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Israel. He was six years\nolder . . . 13 and a 19-year-old, can you believe . . . ? He just sent me . . .\nlook at that painting over there. I saw him in Miami, in Florida, and he said he\nwould never recognize me. The only thing he recognized was my nose, my big nose.\nBut he sent me a painting in memory of the old times, he said. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39270/file/110639#t=4860.0,4890.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39270/file/110639/transcript/24097/annotation/164","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I don't think . .\n. displaced persons camps . . . we had a life. We actually made good friends,\nfriends that we still keep in touch. There is nothing like getting together with\nthese people. You have a common language almost. You have something that you\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39270/file/110639#t=4890.0,4920.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39270/file/110639/transcript/24097/annotation/165","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"experienced that you can't reproduce now. It is a strange thing. I have very\ngood friends here, who tell me forget what happened, just go on. When we get\ntogether, we speak three, four languages at the same time because they are\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39270/file/110639#t=4920.0,4950.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39270/file/110639/transcript/24097/annotation/166","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Sephardic . . . a few words of Ladino, Serbo-Croatian, Italian and English. Who\nelse can you do this with?\n\nKENT: How did your parents decide what to do next?\n\nCOHEN: The war ended, and we moved. I started going to school. Bari was all the\nend of the war . . . people were moving ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39270/file/110639#t=4950.0,4980.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39270/file/110639/transcript/24097/annotation/167","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":". . . very few Jews. Black market, there\nwas no need for black market . . . my father couldn't find a job. We couldn't\nstay in Italy, we were not citizens. Nobody could find a job. We went to Milan,\nand lived there, I think, until 1950. I went to Jewish day school for one year.\nI couldn't . . . the Hebrew, I ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39270/file/110639#t=4980.0,5010.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39270/file/110639/transcript/24097/annotation/168","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"couldn't master . . . [when I] went to school\nthere. My father did work there, more or less, made a living. I don't know how,\nbut he made a living. We could go to Israel, we could go apply to come to the\n[United] States, or go back to Yugoslavia. Some of our family members that ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39270/file/110639#t=5010.0,5040.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39270/file/110639/transcript/24097/annotation/169","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"had\ngone back to Yugoslavia, had gone to Israel . . . they suggested that maybe we\nbetter go to the [United] States. My father, even if we could have stayed in\nItaly, did not want to stay. His worry was that I would marry somebody\nnon-Jewish. I was 16, 17. We decided we would try to ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39270/file/110639#t=5040.0,5070.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39270/file/110639/transcript/24097/annotation/170","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"come to the [United] States.\n\nKENT: Do you remember any discussion of either Israel or the United States?\n\nCOHEN: There were many discussions, many, many discussions. We were living\nfairly comfortably in Milan.\n\nKENT: So you were pretty close to Israel, that wasn't far, far away?\n\nCOHEN: By today's standards, not by those standards. Plus, my aunt ended up\nbeing interned in Cyprus. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39270/file/110639#t=5070.0,5100.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39270/file/110639/transcript/24097/annotation/171","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"They went to Israel. They were in Cyprus. I don't know\nfor how long. My father was friendly with Solomon Uziel [sp], who was [in] the\nIrgun buying arms, and maybe my dad . . . I don't know what he was doing. But\nSolomon, as a matter of fact, he didn't go back, but he was buying arms for\nIsrael. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39270/file/110639#t=5100.0,5130.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39270/file/110639/transcript/24097/annotation/172","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I don't know. It was like . . . it was a feeling that the people who had\ngone to Israel, they couldn't find . . . life was very difficult. The decision\nwas made that we would apply to come to the [United] States. It took a few\nyears, so we lived in Milan, until the summer of 1950, ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39270/file/110639#t=5130.0,5160.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39270/file/110639/transcript/24097/annotation/173","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"when we were processed,\nand all this, and came to the United States.\n\nKENT: What do you remember of the trip over?\n\nCOHEN: The trip over . . .\n\nKENT: Was it a ship or an airplane?\n\nCOHEN: It was a ship. The trip over . . . my father said, \"We are not going in\none of these. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39270/file/110639#t=5160.0,5190.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39270/file/110639/transcript/24097/annotation/174","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I am going to get some money, and we are going to go commercial.\"\nHIAS was bringing us, so we could come. We came, and it was a very nice . . . a\nweek. For me, it was devastating, leaving Italy. I had grown up in Italy. I went\nto Italy when I was 10. I was 17. I had friends. I was a ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39270/file/110639#t=5190.0,5220.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39270/file/110639/transcript/24097/annotation/175","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"teenager. It was hard.\nMy parents had already put me in private English classes, so I would be\nprepared. Instead of preparing themselves, they prepared me.\n\nKENT: Where did you arrive first?\n\nCOHEN: We arrived in New York City [New York]. HIAS met us, ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39270/file/110639#t=5220.0,5250.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39270/file/110639/transcript/24097/annotation/176","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and they took us to\na school again. It wasn't a school. It was the highest building in downtown New\nYork. I think it was an old school. Many refugees were coming . . . 1950 . . .\nmany, many refugees. Uncle Beppe [Italian: nickname for 'Giuseppe'], the one\nwhose daughter was Tilda Finzi, who . . . she was the one [who threw the\nvitriol]. They ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39270/file/110639#t=5250.0,5280.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39270/file/110639/transcript/24097/annotation/177","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"came . . . the two of them, alone, and they were living in the\nlower East Side [of Manhattan, New York]. That was devastating, going to their\napartment . . . small apartment on Broome Street [sp]. With the bathroom\noutside, and we had come from Milan [Italy], where we had lived a fairly middle\nclass life. My father said, \"We'll manage. We'll do something.\" Somehow, again,\nin one room, in ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39270/file/110639#t=5280.0,5310.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39270/file/110639/transcript/24097/annotation/178","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"uptown New York, and then, [we] finally found an apartment. I\nwent to high school . . . 17 years old. I spoke some English but very little,\nand I was thrown in class. [I] went to high school for a year, and met wonderful\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39270/file/110639#t=5310.0,5340.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39270/file/110639/transcript/24097/annotation/179","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"people. I had a wonderful math teacher, who had . . . Esther Jacobs, who taught\nme math. I was in one of her classes, and took the Regents and got the highest\ngrade ever. I think it was a perfect score. There were not too many perfect\n[scores]. A 99, I think, and she was ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39270/file/110639#t=5340.0,5370.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39270/file/110639/transcript/24097/annotation/180","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"so angry that I didn't get 100. She was the\none who arranged for me to get English classes . . . private, go to special\nschool, because I couldn't . . . English was very hard. They didn't have the\nsame thing as English as a Second [Language] [ESL]. They did not accommodate in\nany way. I had to take English Regents. I got a 54 . . . ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39270/file/110639#t=5370.0,5400.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39270/file/110639/transcript/24097/annotation/181","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"no 64, and the teacher\nwould not change it. It was just . . . everything was traumatic . . . everything\nwas painful. She went to the principal, and the principal called Albany [New\nYork], and they changed it to the passing grade, so that I got a scholarship. I\ngraduated fifth in my class of 100. I ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39270/file/110639#t=5400.0,5430.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39270/file/110639/transcript/24097/annotation/182","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"was accepted at Hunter College [New York\nCity, New York]. I worked as a waitress and went to Hunter. Why is this painful,\nfor God's sake? It was hard because the working . . . I had to help my family.\nMy father didn't work, my mother ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39270/file/110639#t=5430.0,5460.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39270/file/110639/transcript/24097/annotation/183","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"didn't work. I was working as a waitress making\ngood tips in Liggett Drug Store after school, and went to college. I did very\nwell, but English was just horrendous because there were never special classes.\nIt was not . . . you were treated . . . you came . . . you had to swim, you had\nto just . . . but I ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39270/file/110639#t=5460.0,5490.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39270/file/110639/transcript/24097/annotation/184","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"kind of . . . Then one of my friends invited me over for\ndinner, and said that she wanted me to meet her brother, who I didn't like, but\nI met her cousin. We fell in love and were married, four or five months later. I\nhad two-and-one-half years of college. He was in grad[uate] school, getting his\nmasters in social ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39270/file/110639#t=5490.0,5520.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39270/file/110639/transcript/24097/annotation/185","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"work. He was 27 already. I was 20.\n\nKENT: Was it an American family?\n\nCOHEN: An American family . . . Leonard Cohen, right there . . . born in\nBrooklyn [New York], raised in Ohio. His cousin was Iris Fagan [sp]. He had been\nin the army in Germany, and had come ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39270/file/110639#t=5520.0,5550.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39270/file/110639/transcript/24097/annotation/186","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"back.\n\nKENT: What was it about him that really attracted you?\n\nCOHEN: I don't know. As a matter of fact, if you ever want to see it, there is a\nmovie on Facebook now, of my wedding with Leonard. We were married on \"Bride and\nGroom\" . . . on the program \"Bride and Groom\" . . . that was very, very:\n\"National Broadcasting Company requests the honor of your presence at the\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39270/file/110639#t=5550.0,5580.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39270/file/110639/transcript/24097/annotation/187","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"marriage of Miss Tilda Finzi to Mr. Leonard Lincoln Cohen.\" It was actually a\nprogram that . . . because I was in college, my parents were poor, he came from\nfairly lower middle-class background, he was getting his masters, was working\npart-time, so basically, we needed . . ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39270/file/110639#t=5580.0,5610.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39270/file/110639/transcript/24097/annotation/188","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":". the wedding. Then we moved to\nPittsburgh [Pennsylvania], and I left my parents. This was painful for them. I\nwas the connection with English. I was the one that did everything for them.\nThey did everything for me. I was the one that if they needed to go . . .\nEnglish . . . neither one of them ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39270/file/110639#t=5610.0,5640.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39270/file/110639/transcript/24097/annotation/189","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"spoke it. I ended up in Pittsburgh, and had a\nbaby about a year later . . . a year-and-one-half.\n\nKENT: What part of Pittsburgh?\n\nCOHEN: We actually lived in Shadyside for a while. After that we bought a house\nin Eastmont [Pennsylvania]. Are you familiar?\n\nKENT: Yes, I used to live ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39270/file/110639#t=5640.0,5670.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39270/file/110639/transcript/24097/annotation/190","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"in Shadyside.\n\nCOHEN: I worked in a shoe store in Shadyside . . . Forbes [sp]. [I] was hoping\nto go back to college after Leonard finished school but never made it, because I\nhad one child and another. Then, Leonard came here to Atlanta [and] became the\nexecutive director of Jewish Family Services, here in ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39270/file/110639#t=5670.0,5700.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39270/file/110639/transcript/24097/annotation/191","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Atlanta. Whenever he dealt\nwith refugees, he would come home and say, \"But they bought a car, they must be\nhaving some money.\" I would say, \"Honey, don't worry. Let them.\" I always found\nan excuse. \"Give them a chance . . . they came from Russia, they came from here,\nthey are not . . . just give them a chance, help them for a few more months. Let\nthem get on their ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39270/file/110639#t=5700.0,5730.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39270/file/110639/transcript/24097/annotation/192","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"feet.\" I had a different . . . this honesty bit was, telling\ncompletely. You have to be secure. You have to develop some security. Now I have\nthree children . . . that is what the picture . . . I have three daughters.\n\nKENT: ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39270/file/110639#t=5730.0,5760.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39270/file/110639/transcript/24097/annotation/193","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Names?\n\nCOHEN: Named Deborah Cohen Sobel. She got married. She went . . . got an MSW,\ntoo . . . Masters of Social Work from University of Maryland . . . met her\nhusband, who went to [John] Hopkins Med[ical] School [Baltimore, Maryland], and\nthey are living here in Atlanta. He is a physician. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39270/file/110639#t=5760.0,5790.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39270/file/110639/transcript/24097/annotation/194","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"She is in private practice\nand social work. Second daughter, Sandy Cohen Kalter [sp]. She went to\nNorthwestern School of Journalism, wrote for a paper in upstate New York for a\nyear and decided to go to law school. [She] got her degree from GW [George\nWashington University-Washington, D.C.], law degree from GW, and has been living\nin [Washington,] ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39270/file/110639#t=5790.0,5820.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39270/file/110639/transcript/24097/annotation/195","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"DC ever since. [She] worked for King and Spalding [sp] here in\nAtlanta. One of her clients, Medtronics, hired her. She's now vice-president, I\ndon't know, she's got a big job with Medtronics. She is an attorney. My baby,\nNaomi Sue Cohen Benator [sp], she graduated from the University of ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39270/file/110639#t=5820.0,5850.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39270/file/110639/transcript/24097/annotation/196","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Virginia\n[Charlottesville, Virginia], has two boys, and she is a stay-at-home mom, very\nbright. She likes to write.\n\nKENT: What makes you cry about these things . . . this is the happy part?\n\nCOHEN: It's the happy part. This ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39270/file/110639#t=5850.0,5880.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39270/file/110639/transcript/24097/annotation/197","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"is the surviving. If I had not survived, this\nwhole family . . . I have six grandchildren. I have five grandsons. My husband\nalways wanted a boy, and then he had five grandsons and one ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39270/file/110639#t=5880.0,5910.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39270/file/110639/transcript/24097/annotation/198","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"granddaughter. It\nmakes me feel, I don't know, I think it is the sadness for all the people, like\nMuscov, who did not survive. A different . . . he could have had . . . an only\nchild like I was, ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39270/file/110639#t=5910.0,5940.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39270/file/110639/transcript/24097/annotation/199","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"can you imagine? He could have had all this . . . my other . .\n. the people I knew that didn't. Maybe I am crying because I lost my husband,\nthat was the closest person. I don't have brothers. I don't have sisters. I have\nchildren, but they are ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39270/file/110639#t=5940.0,5970.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39270/file/110639/transcript/24097/annotation/200","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Americans. My husband was American, but he understood. I\njust feel sorry for the people that did not survive.\n\nKENT: How did the war affect your parents once they came here?\n\nCOHEN: My father, again, he worked as a mailroom ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39270/file/110639#t=5970.0,6000.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39270/file/110639/transcript/24097/annotation/201","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"clerk in some company. [He]\ndidn't speak English. My mother went to work as a maid, helping people clean.\nBut within a year after I left home, my father worked for this Minehart \u0026\nCompany [sp] and became head of the mailroom without English. He really did\nwell. My mother went to ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39270/file/110639#t=6000.0,6030.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39270/file/110639/transcript/24097/annotation/202","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"work in a factory finishing watches. They managed. They\nbought a condo[minium] in Brooklyn [New York]. My father was two or three, twice\nPresident of the American . . . in the community. He was always very involved,\nled seders. Sandy saw my father leading the seders in a picture . . . he ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39270/file/110639#t=6030.0,6060.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39270/file/110639/transcript/24097/annotation/203","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"led\nseders in a hotel for all the Yugoslav Jews. He could never come here the first\nnight. It was always the second night because he had to lead the seder for his\ncommunity. They loved their granddaughters, adored them. This was the big . . .\nthey never lived, neither one of them lived to come to any of the ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39270/file/110639#t=6060.0,6090.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39270/file/110639/transcript/24097/annotation/204","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"weddings. They\ndied. They kind of knew that Debbie was going to marry Kenny. Actually, Kenny\nSobel [sp], he invited them, he loved them. He invited them to his medical\nschool graduation at Hopkins. It was kind of . . . they already knew that Debbie\nwas going to . . . they ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39270/file/110639#t=6090.0,6120.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39270/file/110639/transcript/24097/annotation/205","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"died six months apart.\n\nKENT: What year?\n\nCOHEN: My father died in 1979, he was almost 80. My mother died six months\nlater, 1980. A month before Debbie's wedding . . . Debbie was married on June\n29, ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39270/file/110639#t=6120.0,6150.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39270/file/110639/transcript/24097/annotation/206","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"1980, and my mother died a month before. The story continues. We have,\nLeonard is gone . . . I have a granddaughter that is 27, a grandson.\n\nKENT: You were a full-time mom pretty much during the 1950's and 1960's?\n\nCOHEN: Myself.\n\nKENT: ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39270/file/110639#t=6150.0,6180.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39270/file/110639/transcript/24097/annotation/207","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"You left yourself out of the story.\n\nCOHEN: I did, didn't I? No, I . . . when Naomi started school . . . Naomi was\nabout a year or two old, I saw an advertisement in the paper. Berlitz had,\n\"Would you like to speak Serbo-Croatian? Would you like to speak Italian? Come\ntake classes.\" ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39270/file/110639#t=6180.0,6210.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39270/file/110639/transcript/24097/annotation/208","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I said, \"In Atlanta, Georgia, Serbo-Croatian [and] Italian?\" I am\ntalking about 45 years ago.\n\nKENT: When did you come to Atlanta?\n\nCOHEN: Leonard was in social work. Social work paid but not very well. They were\nlooking for executives in the Jewish ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39270/file/110639#t=6210.0,6240.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39270/file/110639/transcript/24097/annotation/209","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"field. Administration was not his forté,\nbut he decided that he would try it. We went to Denver for a year. They moved us\nto Denver. He got a job with the foundation type of thing. It did not work out.\nHe was really a psychiatric social worker. We were there for a year. It didn't\nwork out. Then, somebody called him, would he like to come ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39270/file/110639#t=6240.0,6270.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39270/file/110639/transcript/24097/annotation/210","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"to Atlanta? It was Ed\nKahn, who was the executive director of the Atlanta Federation. They had a small\nagency with one clinical social worker, and they called him and offered him the\nposition. He came down. He said, \"I am not going to Atlanta.\" It was the south.\nThis was still segregated. But I wanted to come ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39270/file/110639#t=6270.0,6300.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39270/file/110639/transcript/24097/annotation/211","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"back east. Denver was not . . .\nso I said, \"Why don't you come for the interview?\" He did, and he got the job.\nThen, the agency grew. He was with the agency for 28 years, and retired at 63 .\n. . probably, half way retired, half way, I think, they wanted somebody with\nmore ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39270/file/110639#t=6300.0,6330.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39270/file/110639/transcript/24097/annotation/212","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"business. Anyway, he was 63. He had been, he stayed in the reserves, and\nwas a lieutenant colonel in the reserves, so retired from the reserves. Naomi\nwas about three years old . . . ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39270/file/110639#t=6330.0,6360.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39270/file/110639/transcript/24097/annotation/213","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that ad in the paper . . . I called them. [The\ndirector of the school] says, \"I don't have an Italian teacher. I don't have a\nSerbo-Croatian teacher.\" They put this ad in. He said to me, \"What do you do?\" I\nsaid, \"I want to know where you get your teachers. I want to make friends with\npeople that speak Serbo-Croatian and Italian because I don't have them.\" \"Why\ndon't you come talk to me?\" the manager, the director of the school said at\nBerlitz. I said, \"But I can't ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39270/file/110639#t=6360.0,6390.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39270/file/110639/transcript/24097/annotation/214","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"work, I have three children.\" [He said,] \"Come\ntalk to me.\" I went down to 3400 Peachtree [Street] in Lenox, and I talked to\nhim. He said, \"I will train you, you can teach, you can teach in the evenings, a\nfew hours.\" Leonard says to me, \"Honey, try it.\" [I said,] \"But it is going to\ncost me more for babysitters.\" \"It doesn't matter,\" he said, \"if you just make\nenough to cover your babysitting cost, ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39270/file/110639#t=6390.0,6420.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39270/file/110639/transcript/24097/annotation/215","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"go.\" I did, and I got trained to teach,\nand then started teaching Italian. Then, [I] started training teachers because I\nhad the course to train, so I became a trainer for the Berlitz Method, the\ndirect method, which is no ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39270/file/110639#t=6420.0,6450.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39270/file/110639/transcript/24097/annotation/216","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"translation. Somehow, they tested me, they felt I\ncould speak . . . I spoke English well enough to teach it, maybe with a slight\naccent, but I could. The very interesting part was that IBM, Siemens . . . if\nthey came from Germany, if they had me teach them once, because of the\ngrammatical structure that I ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39270/file/110639#t=6450.0,6480.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39270/file/110639/transcript/24097/annotation/217","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"used, somehow, all the Germans requested me. It was\nso weird. Maybe because I speak Serbo-Croatian and Serbo-Croatian has cases. I\ndon't know if any of you ever studied Latin, but the structure of the language\nof German [is similar]. You have to teach them the cases, the nominative,\ngenitive, ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39270/file/110639#t=6480.0,6510.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39270/file/110639/transcript/24097/annotation/218","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"it doesn't matter . . . I took Latin in school. I didn't want to teach\nGermans, but every time I substituted for someone else, the Germans requested me\nbecause I knew where they were coming from. I don't speak German but I knew\nwhere they were coming from linguistically.\n\nKENT: How did you feel dealing with Germans?\n\nCOHEN: It is so strange because ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39270/file/110639#t=6510.0,6540.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39270/file/110639/transcript/24097/annotation/219","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"there is a plate right there that one of my\nGerman students painted for me. Her son . . . there was such guilt that her son\nwent to volunteer in Israel, at a nursing home with elderly people. I met her\nson, and he was wonderful. How did ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39270/file/110639#t=6540.0,6570.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39270/file/110639/transcript/24097/annotation/220","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"it . . . it was actually . . . I would still\nnot buy a German car, but I developed, somewhat . . . they were very good to me.\nI had to place it in my mind. These were people younger than I. As soon as I\nrealized they were younger than I. I was ten during the war. If they were under\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39270/file/110639#t=6570.0,6600.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39270/file/110639/transcript/24097/annotation/221","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"ten during the war, I could teach them. I taught . . . it was just one of these\nfunny things. Maybe because of my language background . . . I could understand\nwhat they were trying to express, how they were trying, what they were trying to\ndo, put the verb at the end like they do in Latin or something. My languages . .\n. But in college, I was really a math ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39270/file/110639#t=6600.0,6630.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39270/file/110639/transcript/24097/annotation/222","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"major. That's what Mrs. Jacobs, my math\nteacher, she couldn't believe that I was getting married. I was getting married,\nI had to go, in her mind, I had to get a degree. I never actually graduated from\ncollege, but I had a fairly good job teaching. I taught until five years ago . .\n. no, six years ago, until my husband got sick. I had to take care of ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39270/file/110639#t=6630.0,6660.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39270/file/110639/transcript/24097/annotation/223","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"him. My\nbest . . . the director of the Inlingua language school, Rosine Sauvage [sp],\nbecame one of my best friends, who went to Bari to visit my old house. I have\nall the stuff there. She took pictures. I think that being with a lot of\nforeigners, because I taught always with foreigners . . . taught foreigners . .\n. with ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39270/file/110639#t=6660.0,6690.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39270/file/110639/transcript/24097/annotation/224","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"foreigners, trained all the teachers . . . even people that were teaching\nArabic, Japanese. I was training all the teachers in the direct method of\nteaching, so I was exposed to a completely different group of people. It was\nfun. I really enjoyed it. Many Coca-Cola executives, Siemens executives . . .\ntaught them how to make . . . I ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39270/file/110639#t=6690.0,6720.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39270/file/110639/transcript/24097/annotation/225","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"can't believe that I knew how to teach them how\nto make speeches because it's the correction. When somebody makes a\nmispronunciation error on TV, I die. When somebody says \"between you and I\" . .\n. I could kill them, because, after all it's a preposition. It's all these\nthings about me. But I think, Leonard . . . as a matter of fact, that picture\nover there, ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39270/file/110639#t=6720.0,6750.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39270/file/110639/transcript/24097/annotation/226","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"is some of the Coca-Cola executives that were coming here to learn\nEnglish . . . right there, right here, the little picture . . . Coca-Cola\nexecutives that were coming here to learn English because, after all, they had\nto deal with the United States. They stayed here for three months. I became\nfriends with them. They came to my house, and cooked fish, and stuff. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39270/file/110639#t=6750.0,6780.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39270/file/110639/transcript/24097/annotation/227","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"There is\nmy husband there dancing. He is having a ball with all these people. He met a\nlot of . . . because he was so embedded in the Jewish community, and\nexpectations were high. Here was something that I made these friends away from .\n. . all the foreigners and all the people from different countries.\n\nKENT: What involvement did you have with the Jewish world here when you first came?\n\nCOHEN: Actually, I was not involved. It ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39270/file/110639#t=6780.0,6810.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39270/file/110639/transcript/24097/annotation/228","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"was very interesting. Leonard was\nextremely involved. I kind of . . . I made Jewish friends, very good Jewish\nfriends, like the Waitzman's, Mort and Aviva Waitzman, our best friends. That is\nhow my daughter met her husband. It's Aviva Waitzman's cousin's son. I was not\ninvolved. Leonard was very involved. At that time, the Jewish community was very small.\n\nKENT: Was this in the ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39270/file/110639#t=6810.0,6840.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39270/file/110639/transcript/24097/annotation/229","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"1950's or 1960's?\n\nCOHEN: We came here in 1960. It was a small Jewish community. He ran the Ben\nMassell Dental Clinic . . . that's Jewish Family Services. It was just a very .\n. . somehow, even when the kids went to the Hebrew school in the evening . . .\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39270/file/110639#t=6840.0,6870.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39270/file/110639/transcript/24097/annotation/230","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"the 'Hebrew High', it was known, they were always known, Leonard. It was a\ndifferent community. Now it is a very large community. My daughter, Sandy, was\ncitywide President of BBYO [B'nai B'rith Youth Organization], so they did [get\ninvolved] . . . the children. I basically belonged, went to synagogue, but was\nnot ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39270/file/110639#t=6870.0,6900.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39270/file/110639/transcript/24097/annotation/231","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"involved. It's strange because now, I am very involved in NORC.\n\nEINSTEIN: Which synagogue did you go to?\n\nCOHEN: We used to go to Shearith Israel, until my parents were going to move\ndown here. My parents, being Sephardic, we switched to Or VeShalom. My parents\nnever had a chance to ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39270/file/110639#t=6900.0,6930.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39270/file/110639/transcript/24097/annotation/232","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"move, but Leonard became an adopted Sephard. He loved Or\nVeShalom, and was on the Board for a few years, but I didn't [get involved],\neven in the synagogue. Somehow, Leonard was so involved in the Jewish community,\nmaybe not consciously, I was afraid of making mistakes maybe, I was afraid of\nbeing in some ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39270/file/110639#t=6930.0,6960.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39270/file/110639/transcript/24097/annotation/233","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"way, I don't know . . .\n\nKENT: Embarrassing him somehow?\n\nCOHEN: Maybe doing something . . . maybe not embarrassing. I am quite . . . tend\nto be outspoken. As a matter of fact, I wasn't going to marry Leonard. A big\nthing was when I met him, there were the Rosenberg crisis. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39270/file/110639#t=6960.0,6990.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39270/file/110639/transcript/24097/annotation/234","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I told him, \"My God,\nhow horrible.\" We were talking, and I said, \"They are killing Jews, executing\nJews.\" He told me, \"They deserved it, they were traitors.\" In my house, my\nparents and I were sitting shiva almost for the Rosenbergs. For us, it was, we\njust had come two years before. I said, \"My God, this just didn't . . . \" ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39270/file/110639#t=6990.0,7020.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39270/file/110639/transcript/24097/annotation/235","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I tend\nto be--I don't know, maybe not. I think I changed him a little.\n\nEINSTEIN: You had just mentioned the Rosenberg trial had just happened, and the\nRosenbergs were . . .\n\nCOHEN: . . . they were being executed. The night they were executed, my parents\nshut out the lights. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39270/file/110639#t=7020.0,7050.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39270/file/110639/transcript/24097/annotation/236","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"It was like . . . we had come, I don't know the year . . .\nI got married . . . 1953 . . . this must have been 1953, the beginning of 1953.\nWe had been here two years. This trial was horrendous. It was just awful. My\nfather said, ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39270/file/110639#t=7050.0,7080.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39270/file/110639/transcript/24097/annotation/237","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\"They're executing Jews here in America.\" It was just a horrible\nthing. It was so sad . . . the children . . . it was just awful. This guy I am\nconsidering marrying, who wants me to marry him, says that they were traitors. I\ncould not believe that I was marrying somebody I didn't know. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39270/file/110639#t=7080.0,7110.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39270/file/110639/transcript/24097/annotation/238","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"That we were so .\n. . I didn't know what he thought.\n\nEINSTEIN: Do you think it has anything to do with the fact that he was so much\nmore Americanized than you were?\n\nCOHEN: He was completely Americanized. This is what I was marrying . . .\ncompletely. His family was, too. His family asked me if we had sidewalks in\nEurope. Then they asked me . . . his aunt asked me . . . after ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39270/file/110639#t=7110.0,7140.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39270/file/110639/transcript/24097/annotation/239","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"all I'm marrying\nsomebody who has a master's degree . . . will I know how to serve people, will I\nknow how to entertain? My feeling . . . they here ate apples with their hands\nand their mouths. I was used to eating an apple with a knife and fork. My father\nwent through all this, teaching me how to ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39270/file/110639#t=7140.0,7170.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39270/file/110639/transcript/24097/annotation/240","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"eat. I think it was . . . in my mind,\nI think it was, number one, my parents were somewhat left wing always. This was\na tragedy, the Rosenbergs . . . this was a big tragedy. I still . . . when I see\nit . . . this was a ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39270/file/110639#t=7170.0,7200.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39270/file/110639/transcript/24097/annotation/241","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"joke between us, always, for the rest of our lives because I\nalmost didn't want to marry him because of his strong feelings.\n\nKENT: Did it matter whether they were guilty or innocent?\n\nCOHEN: To me, it did not really matter.\n\nKENT: Just that they were Jewish?\n\nCOHEN: It did not matter . . . that they were being executed mattered. After\nall, they did not spy for the Germans, they spied for the Russians. Those were\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39270/file/110639#t=7200.0,7230.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39270/file/110639/transcript/24097/annotation/242","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"our allies at the time when they spied for them. Come on! But if you came from\nwhere . . . you can't think of me now . . . you have to think of me at 19,\nhaving survived the war, having lost so many people . . . and these ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39270/file/110639#t=7230.0,7260.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39270/file/110639/transcript/24097/annotation/243","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"two. It was\n. . .\n\nKENT: Did you feel threatened in America, being Jewish in America and knowing\nthey were executing Jews?\n\nCOHEN: Yes, very threatened. My parents, they were like . . . they were very\nfrightened. They didn't understand, but neither did I. I'm sure neither did many\nother people. This was a major . . . Leonard and I always joked about ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39270/file/110639#t=7260.0,7290.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39270/file/110639/transcript/24097/annotation/244","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"this. It\nwas one of those things that almost, almost . . . But I was madly in love with\nhim. He was very handsome. I was not as attractive as he was. He was a very\nhandsome man. He was attracted to me. When he met me the first time, he looked\nat me, \"Eh, she's okay.\" Then a half hour later, he kissed me. I said, \"He likes\nthe way I ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39270/file/110639#t=7290.0,7320.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39270/file/110639/transcript/24097/annotation/245","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"talked, he liked me, something appealed.\" But you have to watch this\nmovie of my wedding because it was so cute.\n\nKENT: What was it like moving to the South compared to New York, which is more evolved?\n\nCOHEN: Living in the South was very difficult, in part, but Leonard needed a\njob. The job was ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39270/file/110639#t=7320.0,7350.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39270/file/110639/transcript/24097/annotation/246","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"good. We lived not far from here on Edina Drive [sp]. There\nwere very few Chinese restaurants. There was one downtown, so Leonard used to\nsay, \"Bring the girls. We had two then . . . bring the girls, take the bus down,\nand bring them to 41 Exchange Place\" . . . where Jewish Federation was . . .\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39270/file/110639#t=7350.0,7380.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39270/file/110639/transcript/24097/annotation/247","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Jewish Family Services were there. \"Bring them there in the afternoon. We will\ngo to dinner. I will have my car there, and we'll go home.\" Tilda takes two\nlittle girls, gets on the bus. The bus is full of African-American women . . .\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39270/file/110639#t=7380.0,7410.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39270/file/110639/transcript/24097/annotation/248","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"now black, whatever . . . there I get on the bus with these two little girls . .\n. one was five, one was two or maybe . . . I don't know . . . I sit them, each\none . . . I sit next to an African-American lady, and I sit. I didn't know. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39270/file/110639#t=7410.0,7440.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39270/file/110639/transcript/24097/annotation/249","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I\nmaybe knew but didn't know it, that the bus was segregated. One white woman, who\nwas filthy, who was just a mess, takes my children, and puts them in her lap and\nnext to her because I sat the children next to [the African-American women]. To\nme, this was . . . I got into a fight with this woman. I said, \"Will you leave\nmy children where I ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39270/file/110639#t=7440.0,7470.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39270/file/110639/transcript/24097/annotation/250","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"sat them?\" It was just unbelievable. We were going downtown.\nWe were going against the traffic. Does that make sense? Because in the morning,\nthe maids were coming. In the evening, afternoons, they were going back\ndowntown. I was going downtown to meet Leonard at the Chinese restaurant to go\nout to dinner with the girls. It was very ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39270/file/110639#t=7470.0,7500.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39270/file/110639/transcript/24097/annotation/251","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"difficult, but things were changing.\nWe were still involved. Leonard was in the same building with the ADL,\nAnti-Defamation League. Did I say that correctly? Yes. He was . . . we became\nfriends with the people, so they were fighting. We were like in the front lines.\nWe knew what was going on . . . people were really ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39270/file/110639#t=7500.0,7530.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39270/file/110639/transcript/24097/annotation/252","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"fighting for it. We came, and\nthey were going to close the schools. They didn't. Atlanta did not, but they\nwere going to close the schools in Atlanta.\n\nKENT: Why?\n\nCOHEN: The public schools because of integration. They were going to integrate\nthe schools. That was in 1960 . . . that was part of the reason that they had a\nproblem filling the position at ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39270/file/110639#t=7530.0,7560.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39270/file/110639/transcript/24097/annotation/253","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"JFS [Jewish Family Services] . . . nobody would,\npeople were scared.\n\nKENT: Given your experience in Europe?\n\nCOHEN: I was the one that was upset that they would not let my child sit . . . I\nremember the first man who gave me a chocolate bar in Bari, Italy, was an\nAfrican-American guy. It was, and I had lived in New York where I . . . it ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39270/file/110639#t=7560.0,7590.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39270/file/110639/transcript/24097/annotation/254","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"was\njust not [right]. It was difficult. People could do something, I don't . . . we\nwere in the [South]. Was it difficult . . . some of the terms people used . . .\nI still have problems . . . the terminology. Maybe that's part of ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39270/file/110639#t=7590.0,7620.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39270/file/110639/transcript/24097/annotation/255","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"why I didn't\nquite belong to the Jewish community. I belonged but I did not integrate myself\ninto it because of the difference in . . .\n\nKENT: Do you want to explain that?\n\nCOHEN: I don't . . . \"they had a schvartze [Yiddish: a black person] coming\" or\nsomething and that was very [disturbing]. I had a lady who I adored because I\ndeveloped mono[neucleosis] when I came to ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39270/file/110639#t=7620.0,7650.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39270/file/110639/transcript/24097/annotation/256","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Atlanta. Miss Eunice was wonderful.\nShe came, and took care of me and my children. Miss Eunice was a part of the\nfamily. Eunice would come, and I wanted her to sit down, and eat with us. It was\njust one of those things. After Eunice got sick and couldn't work . . . she just\nworked once every two weeks for me. But when I was ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39270/file/110639#t=7650.0,7680.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39270/file/110639/transcript/24097/annotation/257","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"sick . . . the mono . . . I\nhad two little girls, she was coming every day. She became a member of our\nfamily. It was very hard, that part. Maybe that's why I didn't fit, integrate.\nThat's interesting. I never thought of that, that I didn't integrate as readily\namong the Jewish community. Yes, the people from ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39270/file/110639#t=7680.0,7710.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39270/file/110639/transcript/24097/annotation/258","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"ADL, yes, the people there\nwere--the Fingers [sp], the Boftiks [sp: 1:09:23] . . . these are all people\nthat are now gone . . . the director of the ADL, that was different. But in the\nregular Jewish community, Leonard worked with them. I don't know what his\nfeelings [were]. But, with the women, it was different, because women used to, I\ndon't know, they had all . . . ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39270/file/110639#t=7710.0,7740.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39270/file/110639/transcript/24097/annotation/259","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Maybe that's why I . . . the school . . . the\nforeigners, I fit in better, it just worked for me.\n\nKENT: Did you connect much with the survivors and other immigrants?\n\nCOHEN: That is very interesting. No. I did, if it was the Bornsteins that lived\n. . . Regina and Max . . . lived across the street. We were very close. We\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39270/file/110639#t=7740.0,7770.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39270/file/110639/transcript/24097/annotation/260","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"barbequed, they came over for barbeques. But I was . . . even there . . . I was\na little, I didn't consider myself a survivor. I still don't because they were\nin camps . . . they survived the camps. It was just . . . I could not ever\ncompare myself. I was thrown out of ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39270/file/110639#t=7770.0,7800.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39270/file/110639/transcript/24097/annotation/261","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"school. I was not being able to go to the\nbeach. I could not go to the public beach, but I could go to the beach ten\nminutes away where I was free to swim, at ten years of age, ten, no eight, nine,\nunsupervised by my parents, no lifeguard. The kids went swimming . . ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39270/file/110639#t=7800.0,7830.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39270/file/110639/transcript/24097/annotation/262","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":".\nbasically, my train of thought has left me, forgive me.\n\nKENT: The people who were in the camps had it harder?\n\nCOHEN: Yes, yes, so much harder. I couldn't . . . the number. They just survived\nsuch horrendous things. I really didn't. I survived with my parents. I came to\nthe United States with my parents. I ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39270/file/110639#t=7830.0,7860.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39270/file/110639/transcript/24097/annotation/263","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"even learned English more easily. I fit in.\nI was accepted. Basically, [I] did not [spend time with other survivors]. Now, I\ndo go. That is where I met--Ruth and I met. I do go to the survivors. I go to\nCafé Europa. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39270/file/110639#t=7860.0,7890.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39270/file/110639/transcript/24097/annotation/264","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I was always working. I had three children at home. Then, when the\ntime came that I could have gone, Leonard was sick for five years in a row so I\ntook care of him. Now, I find that I still am more comfortable, it's interesting\n. . . I am more comfortable with this group than I am again . . . I feel like I\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39270/file/110639#t=7890.0,7920.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39270/file/110639/transcript/24097/annotation/265","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"am . . . with the survivors' group. But, as Ruth said, many of them did not go\nto camps . . . they were not in concentration [camps]. Some of them were . . .\nbut these are the survivors that probably came actually to the States before the\nwar, and during the war, ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39270/file/110639#t=7920.0,7950.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39270/file/110639/transcript/24097/annotation/266","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"or were hidden someplace, or something, so they were\nnot. But I considered survivors only the people that [were in the concentration\ncamps]. It is hard for me . . . even when I testified for Spielberg, the Shoah\n[Foundation] . . . I felt like, until my children contacted them, I never\ncontacted anybody . . . feeling that I was ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39270/file/110639#t=7950.0,7980.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39270/file/110639/transcript/24097/annotation/267","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"lucky.\n\nKENT: How did life change for you after your husband passed?\n\nCOHEN: That's a hard one. There is nothing from my past. I have . . . in Israel,\nI have cousins, ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39270/file/110639#t=7980.0,8010.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39270/file/110639/transcript/24097/annotation/268","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"but they were all born after the war. We barely . . . we still\nspeak, some of them speak Serbo-Croatian. Some don't speak any of the languages,\nfirst cousins. Basically, I don't . . . all my aunts and uncles are gone, my\nparents . . . ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39270/file/110639#t=8010.0,8040.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39270/file/110639/transcript/24097/annotation/269","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I'm the only one . . . with Leonard gone, I feel alone, even if I\nhave three children, three son-in-laws, six grandchildren. They are really\nwonderful, but it's just different . . . life is changed. I am trying, ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39270/file/110639#t=8040.0,8070.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39270/file/110639/transcript/24097/annotation/270","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"yes?\n\nEINSTEIN: You said several times, I keep going back to this . . . the difference\nbetween European sensibility, and an American one, and where your comfort level\nis. I was wondering what parts of Yugoslavia or Europe or your parents that you\ntried to teach your children about, whether they were interested, and what you\nbrought with you when you came to ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39270/file/110639#t=8070.0,8100.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39270/file/110639/transcript/24097/annotation/271","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"America?\n\nCOHEN: I brought a lot. I think I brought foreign languages. I have one\ndaughter, Sandy, who spent a year in Spain, who is absolutely fluent in Spanish,\nas a matter of fact, completely fluent. The others have traveled. I think . . .\nthe foods, my grand[children] . . . as a matter of ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39270/file/110639#t=8100.0,8130.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39270/file/110639/transcript/24097/annotation/272","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"fact, I'm going back to Split\nin December, the middle of December, with my daughter in Washington.\n\nEINSTEIN: Have you been back since the war?\n\nCOHEN: I have been back twice. Leonard and I went alone once. All this\nmedication . . . my son-in-law, who is a [doctor], gave tranquilizers. I didn't\ntake ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39270/file/110639#t=8130.0,8160.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39270/file/110639/transcript/24097/annotation/273","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"anything. It was kind of a progressive thing. I told Leonard, \"We are going\nto Venice. We are flying from Atlanta to Venice. If I have the courage, we are\ngoing to go back to Split.\" We got to Venice, and I went to the train station.\n[Leonard] doesn't ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39270/file/110639#t=8160.0,8190.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39270/file/110639/transcript/24097/annotation/274","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"speak Italian. He was well, but was not . . . already was\nhaving some [problems]. When I decided that we would take a train to Trieste,\n[we] took a train to Trieste. That was already . . . two languages were spoken\nin Trieste. We had a good time . . . went to a restaurant, and met somebody in\nthe ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39270/file/110639#t=8190.0,8220.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39270/file/110639/transcript/24097/annotation/275","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"restaurant. It was just . . . I decided, maybe we will try to work\nourselves. Then I decided, \"We will take a bus to Fiume [Italy], and see how\nthat goes.\" Never reservations . . . I don't have any. It was about eight, nine\nyears ago, so I was already in my late sixties. [Leonard] was in his seventies.\n[We] took a ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39270/file/110639#t=8220.0,8250.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39270/file/110639/transcript/24097/annotation/276","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"bus, from Rijeka [Croatia] . . . we got into Rijeka, got a bus.\nNobody spoke English . . . this was big, definitely . . . but I speak it\nfluently, so it was okay. We got on this bus, and, ten o'clock at night, arrived\nin Split . . . maybe nine. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39270/file/110639#t=8250.0,8280.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39270/file/110639/transcript/24097/annotation/277","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I told Leonard, there should be the Riva, in the\ncenter of town. This is the first time. When I left, I was 10 . . . when I [came\nback], I was about 78 years, maybe nine. I said, \"That is the hotel.\" There was\na fancy [hotel]. [We] went to the hotel, got our reservations, checked ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39270/file/110639#t=8280.0,8310.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39270/file/110639/transcript/24097/annotation/278","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"in. I\nspeak the language, it's a different thing. I told Leonard, \"Let's go for a\nwalk.\" He says, \"Where, at night?\" I said, \"Yes, we are going to go to the\npiazza.\" The first thing I walked to is the synagogue. \"It was a synagogue. It's\nnot a synagogue. It is the synagogue,\" I said, \"Let's go here.\" He said, \"How do\nyou remember, it's 60 years.\" Every turn in the old ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39270/file/110639#t=8310.0,8340.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39270/file/110639/transcript/24097/annotation/279","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"town, I took the right turn,\nand we got there. [The synagogue] was closed . . . you don't have a feeling it's\na synagogue . . . you have to go up the steps, like most synagogues. We couldn't\nwalk up the steps . . . but I pointed out to Leonard where. We are coming back\nin the piazza. A man approaches ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39270/file/110639#t=8340.0,8370.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39270/file/110639/transcript/24097/annotation/280","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"me, and says, \"We were alone?\" I wasn't afraid,\nit was strange. This man approached, and asked where we are from. Afterwards, I\nfelt like it could have been a secret something. I said that I was from the\ncity, I was born in Split, and it was my first time in 60 years here. I said, \"I\nwant to visit ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39270/file/110639#t=8370.0,8400.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39270/file/110639/transcript/24097/annotation/281","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"a synagogue.\" The guy was lovely, very nice. I still don't know\nbecause he kind of wanted to know. I was very open, there was nothing to hide.\nThe Communist countries . . . I don't know, but it was interesting because\nLeonard was a little fearful. I was home, I felt safe. It was strange. [We]\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39270/file/110639#t=8400.0,8430.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39270/file/110639/transcript/24097/annotation/282","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"walked back to the hotel. The next morning [we] got up, and went, and knocked on\nthe door of the synagogue. There, we were offered coffee because it was a Jewish\ncommunity. You say the name 'Finzi,' and it's . . . this is . . . there is a\nlist of all the people that ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39270/file/110639#t=8430.0,8460.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39270/file/110639/transcript/24097/annotation/283","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"died. I was home.\n\nKENT: Did you go back to your apartment? Was it still there?\n\nCOHEN: As a matter of fact, I have pictures. I did not go inside. The building\nis just the same. The building is the same. It almost felt like home. I ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39270/file/110639#t=8460.0,8490.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39270/file/110639/transcript/24097/annotation/284","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"walked\nup the steps. The most interesting thing . . . we had what they call the upper\npart of the houses, where we kept the wood for the . . . not the basement, it\nwas the upper part. If you ever had a reminder of an odor . . . the dry wood\nodor, of that, soffitta [Italian: attic], what is ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39270/file/110639#t=8490.0,8520.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39270/file/110639/transcript/24097/annotation/285","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that?\n\nEINSTEIN: The attic?\n\nCOHEN: Good, thank you so much. It was the attic just had this . . . it was\nopen. Everybody has the little sheds. That's where I felt I was home because I\nwent up there every day with the woman that helped to bring wood down. The odor\nof that ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39270/file/110639#t=8520.0,8550.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39270/file/110639/transcript/24097/annotation/286","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"dry wood in that attic was so [strong], because it was in the summer. I\ncan't explain . . . it brought back everything. I rang the bell of the house. I\nhave a bell like that here . . . dring, dring, dring, just sings, turns. Nobody\nanswered. I can't explain. I went back. I went downstairs. I went to my best\nfriend's ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39270/file/110639#t=8550.0,8580.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39270/file/110639/transcript/24097/annotation/287","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"who lived in the basement, and rang the bell. I knew she wasn't there\nbut I had to ring a manager, and I asked. Maritin [sp: 1:23:56] doesn't live\nhere . . . but walked. The name of the street had changed but I knew exactly. It\nwas almost every turn . . . I was ten when I left . . . every turn I knew where\nto turn. Leonard was ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39270/file/110639#t=8580.0,8610.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39270/file/110639/transcript/24097/annotation/288","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"so amazed that I just knew the city . . . where my father's\nstore was, where all the other people were. The next day, we went back to the\nJewish community. On Friday night, they had a little dinner and a service.\nLeonard said kaddish for his father, because it was his ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39270/file/110639#t=8610.0,8640.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39270/file/110639/transcript/24097/annotation/289","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"yahrzeit there. There\nwas not enough people . . . men [for a minyan]. . . nobody knew how to pray. It\nwas just being home, it felt like [home]. Of course, people came over. I knew\nyour dad, I remember you . . . I didn't know them. They were older than I. Two\nyears later, I went back with my Debbie and Kenny, ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39270/file/110639#t=8640.0,8670.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39270/file/110639/transcript/24097/annotation/290","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"the ones that live in town,\nand their two children, Alana [sp] and Jake, the oldest. They loved it,\nabsolutely loved it. When your grandchildren . . . they can't believe that I\nswam in the sea with them . . . it's not the ocean, it's the Adriatic [Sea].\nWhen my children said, \"But, Nonna [sp], you swim and talk, how can you swim and\ntalk?\" I told them, \"Honey, I learned how ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39270/file/110639#t=8670.0,8700.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39270/file/110639/transcript/24097/annotation/291","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"to swim before I learned how to read.\"\nThis is . . . it's just . . . they made friends there. My granddaughter went\nback. She made [a friend], Leah Levy [sp], met a young woman. Leah has come to\nvisit us here, when she was in Texas studying. My granddaughter went back to\nSplit, and stayed with Leah for a week . . . so, ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39270/file/110639#t=8700.0,8730.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39270/file/110639/transcript/24097/annotation/292","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"yes, the connection. Now, in\nDecember, I am going with my [family]. I think everybody wants to go. In the\ncemetery, I find my grandfather and my grandmother, who I never knew. It was a\nvery . . . it's still . . . when I'd go the ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39270/file/110639#t=8730.0,8760.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39270/file/110639/transcript/24097/annotation/293","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"market to buy fruit, and they look\nat me . . . I look American. Then I start speaking, and they say, \"Ali ti si\nnaša,\" [Croatian] which means \"But you are ours.\" I thought, \"Ha, ha, I am\nyours . . . what you did to my people.\" To them, the way I speak, I'm theirs, so\nit's . . .\n\nEINSTEIN: Talk more about that . . . are you theirs?\n\nCOHEN: I am not. I don't belong ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39270/file/110639#t=8760.0,8790.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39270/file/110639/transcript/24097/annotation/294","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"any place! I am in Italy, and they say, \"You are\nItalian,\" because I speak without an accent. \"You don't have to pay.\" I pay for\nmy tickets to the museum. [The ticket taker] says, \"Today is Sunday, Italians\ndon't pay.\" I said, \"My husband is not, let me pay for ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39270/file/110639#t=8790.0,8820.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39270/file/110639/transcript/24097/annotation/295","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"him.\" Yes, you belong,\nbut you still . . . deep down. What I said is very interesting, and this may not\nbe relevant, but when I go to support groups . . . at the hospice when my\nhusband died . . . they said, \"How is it?\" I said, \"I am in a foreign country\nagain, since I lost my ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39270/file/110639#t=8820.0,8850.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39270/file/110639/transcript/24097/annotation/296","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"husband, I feel like I have to learn again, learning a\nlanguage, and learning a different language. I am in a foreign country again.\"\n\nKENT: Who are your people? They're not Italians, they're not Yugoslavians,\nthey're not Americans.\n\nCOHEN: They are Americans, mostly. My children are Americans. What am I? I don't\n. . .\n\nKENT: When you say, I don't have any people, or something like that, I don't\nbelong ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39270/file/110639#t=8850.0,8880.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39270/file/110639/transcript/24097/annotation/297","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"anywhere?\n\nCOHEN: This is a feeling of being a foreigner . . . it's still, even after so\nmany years. I came here in 1950. You would think that after 62 years, I would\nfeel . . . I don't know that other people feel this, I really don't. They do,\nthey do. It is so strange, because when we meet one ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39270/file/110639#t=8880.0,8910.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39270/file/110639/transcript/24097/annotation/298","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"another, there is just a\nfeeling, there is a common ground, a very common thought.\n\nEINSTEIN: This has nothing to do with your feelings of being able to live in America?\n\nCOHEN: No, no, I am very . . . I know the rules. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39270/file/110639#t=8910.0,8940.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39270/file/110639/transcript/24097/annotation/299","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I don't have any problem going\nto the bank . . . I don't have any problem talking to the banker. No, no, I know\nthe rules. It is a deep down feeling. I almost feel guilty for judging.\n\nKENT: Judging who?\n\nCOHEN: Being . . . I am afraid of what I am going ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39270/file/110639#t=8940.0,8970.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39270/file/110639/transcript/24097/annotation/300","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"to say.\n\nEINSTEIN: No, please.\n\nCOHEN: I find that many Americans are somewhat naïve at times. I don't know, I\ncan't quite explain. Even now, I am hoping my grandson is okay. He went to ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39270/file/110639#t=8970.0,9000.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39270/file/110639/transcript/24097/annotation/301","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"teach\nEnglish in Korea for a year. He's traveling, and got caught in Cambodia, and\nlost his passport. It was just awful, the last few days. As a matter of fact, I\nwas almost going to cancel this. I felt that they robbed him of his passport. He\ndidn't have [a clue]. It was so much so . . . it was just an awful time the last\nfew days. I felt like . . . ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39270/file/110639#t=9000.0,9030.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39270/file/110639/transcript/24097/annotation/302","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Jake, you don't understand different cultures. We\nare very trusting. We trust . . . see I consider myself an American . . .\nbecause I said, we, Americans, trust people. Leonard used to tell me, you're\nmuch ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39270/file/110639#t=9030.0,9060.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39270/file/110639/transcript/24097/annotation/303","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"more cautious, you're less trusting of people. I always wonder if there is\nsomething, but, after all, my past is different.\n\nKENT: What are the ways that you are different from, let's say, other immigrants?\n\nCOHEN: I am not different in any . . . I don't believe that I am ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39270/file/110639#t=9060.0,9090.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39270/file/110639/transcript/24097/annotation/304","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"different from\nany immigrants. I am different from native-born Americans.\n\nKENT: I was wondering if the Holocaust part of your experience is different than\njust somebody coming from Europe to America, for example?\n\nCOHEN: Yes, coming now. I was hurt . . . for a child, to be thrown out of\nschool. For a child to not . . . all your . . . ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39270/file/110639#t=9090.0,9120.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39270/file/110639/transcript/24097/annotation/305","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"you thought things you were\nentitled to . . . you were entitled to school, you were entitled to go to the\nbeach. These things were mine. As a minor . . . still, it's a minor thing . . .\nwith what other people suffered, you can't compare. Maybe it is me who is more\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39270/file/110639#t=9120.0,9150.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39270/file/110639/transcript/24097/annotation/306","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"sensitive, just personality . . . I don't know.\n\nKENT: If your great, great-grandchildren watch this like 50 years from now, what\nwould you want them to know about you, what would you want them to learn from\nyour experience?\n\nCOHEN: That's a very interesting question.\n\nKENT: Or people in a museum who might watch this in 50 ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39270/file/110639#t=9150.0,9180.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39270/file/110639/transcript/24097/annotation/307","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"years, what should they\nknow about you?\n\nCOHEN: Good question. Number one, to accept the stranger, the big thing, and to,\nbasically, don't judge someone because they came from a different country [or]\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39270/file/110639#t=9180.0,9210.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39270/file/110639/transcript/24097/annotation/308","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"because they are not the same as you are. They might have something to offer.\nGive them the benefit of the doubt, help them ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39270/file/110639#t=9210.0,9240.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39270/file/110639/transcript/24097/annotation/309","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"out. We are always, everybody is a\nstranger in some place, and we have lots of refugees in this country. As a\nmatter of fact, the man that spoke some year, he just called me yesterday. We\nmight get together tomorrow or the next [day] . . . the Bosnian man. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39270/file/110639#t=9240.0,9270.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39270/file/110639/transcript/24097/annotation/310","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Just be\naccepting of the differences, I think, and maybe, learn languages. I think that\n. . .it's not important, I think, here in the United States, if somebody . . .\nif I would . . . just please, please . . . just open up your horizons . . . go\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39270/file/110639#t=9270.0,9300.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39270/file/110639/transcript/24097/annotation/311","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"expand your horizons a little . . . like my grand . . . think of the way other\npeople think. Don't . . . there is an American way of . . . I think things are\nchanging though, I believe, but it is very . . . that's about it. But I had a\ngood life. It was . . . ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39270/file/110639#t=9300.0,9330.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39270/file/110639/transcript/24097/annotation/312","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and if you save one life, you save the world.\n\nKENT: What is meaningful for you now? What is your next phase?\n\nCOHEN: I don't know. I'm 78 years old now. Here, I am going to Europe in a\nmonth. I don't think I would go alone, but I probably, maybe could. I don't\nknow. I would like to ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39270/file/110639#t=9330.0,9360.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39270/file/110639/transcript/24097/annotation/313","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"make new friends, and I have. My children say that I am\nmaking new friends. I love opera, and my husband didn't, so now I go every other\nweek to see the Metropolitan Opera, with a new friend that I have made. One of\nthe women that runs one of my grief support groups . . . I go ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39270/file/110639#t=9360.0,9390.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39270/file/110639/transcript/24097/annotation/314","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"to two. Make\nfriends, make new friends. I don't know what else I expect. I don't know. Maybe\nmove away from this house, but this is the only home I have ever known except\nfor my little apartment. It's very hard. This is home. My ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39270/file/110639#t=9390.0,9420.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39270/file/110639/transcript/24097/annotation/315","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"grandchildren, and my\nchildren just feel like, \"Oh, Mom.\" This is . . . for them, [this house]\nrepresents everything. My friend Aviva says, \"Tilda, this is your little villa\nin the Mediterranean\" because it is not typically American.\n\nEINSTEIN: I love it! I think it's wonderful.\n\nCOHEN: You know me, with my very modern . . . this is the rocker that I bought\nfor $50 in Pittsburgh, in ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39270/file/110639#t=9420.0,9450.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39270/file/110639/transcript/24097/annotation/316","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"the room . . . very fancy. It is a Herman Miller\nrocker that I nursed my three girls in.\n\nKENT: Sixty years ago.\n\nCOHEN: Yes, 56 years ago. It is very interesting. I go for . . . nobody would\nhave gone for this rocker, but I loved it. I love modern furniture, modern\nstuff. So, that's why, I am ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39270/file/110639#t=9450.0,9480.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39270/file/110639/transcript/24097/annotation/317","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"unconventional.\n\nEINSTEIN: Yes, you have that open mind you were just talking about, those broad\nhorizons you were just mentioning, you have them.\n\nCOHEN: I do?\n\nEINSTEIN: Yes.\n\nCOHEN: I hope so. Thank you very much. Thank you for letting me talk. I really\nfeel like my grandchildren and great-grandchildren maybe will find this interesting.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39270/file/110639#t=9480.0,9510.0"}]},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39270/file/110639/annotation_set/405","type":"AnnotationPage","label":{"en":["Annotations [Transcript]"]},"items":[{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39270/file/110639/annotation_set/405/annotation/318","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eAdditional information about Tilda Finzi Cohen can be found in the interview she provided on April 14, 1998 by the United States Holocaust Memorial Museum (“USHMM”) in its oral history volunteer collection. The recording is available at \u003ca href=\"collections.ushmm.org/search/catalog/irn506689\"\u003ecollections.ushmm.org/search/catalog/irn506689\u003c/a\u003e. \u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39270/file/110639#t=0.0,30.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39270/file/110639/annotation_set/405/annotation/319","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eSplit is a city in the Croatian region of Dalmatia, on the eastern shores of the Adriatic Sea.  It is centered on the structure of the ancient Roman palace of the Emperor Diocletian and its bay and port. It is the largest Dalmatian city, and the second-largest city of Croatia.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39270/file/110639#t=30.0,60.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39270/file/110639/annotation_set/405/annotation/320","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eDalmatia is a historical region of Croatia on the eastern coast of the Adriatic Sea.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39270/file/110639#t=30.0,60.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39270/file/110639/annotation_set/405/annotation/321","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eLadino, also known as Judeo-Spanish, is a romance language derived from old Spanish. Today, it is primarily spoken by Sephardic Jews (Jews of Spain, Portugal, North Africa and the Middle East and their descendants) in more than 30 countries. It is recognized as a minority language in Israel and Turkey.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39270/file/110639#t=60.0,90.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39270/file/110639/annotation_set/405/annotation/322","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eTyphus refers to any of several similar diseases caused by Rickettsia bacteria. The name of the disease comes from the Greek \u003cem\u003etyphos\u003c/em\u003e, meaning ‘smoky’ or ‘hazy,’ describing the state of mind of those affected with typhus. \u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39270/file/110639#t=180.0,210.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39270/file/110639/annotation_set/405/annotation/323","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eSarajevo is the capital and largest city of Bosnia and Herzegovina. After the First World War, Sarajevo became part of the Kingdom of Yugoslavia. Sarajevo was captured by Germany on April 15, 1941. The Axis powers (Germany, Italy and Japan) created the Independent State of Croatia, and included Sarajevo in its territory. Following the liberation of Sarajevo on April 6, 1945 by the Allies, it became the capital of the Socialist Republic of Bosnia and Herzegovina within the Socialist Federative Republic of Yugoslavia. On October 15, 1991, Bosnia and Herzegovina declared its sovereignty from Yugoslavia. The Republic of Bosnia and Herzegovina was admitted into the United Nations on May 22, 1992.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39270/file/110639#t=270.0,300.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39270/file/110639/annotation_set/405/annotation/324","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eGreece, officially the Hellenic Republic, and known since ancient times as ‘Hellas,’ is a country in Southern Europe.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39270/file/110639#t=300.0,330.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39270/file/110639/annotation_set/405/annotation/325","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThessaloniki, often referenced as Salonika, is the second largest city in Greece and the capital of Greek Macedonia. The city housed a major Jewish community, mostly of Sephardic origin, until the middle of the Second World War.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39270/file/110639#t=300.0,330.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39270/file/110639/annotation_set/405/annotation/326","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eBari is the capital city of the province of Bari and of the Apulia region, on the Adriatic Sea, in Italy.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39270/file/110639#t=330.0,360.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39270/file/110639/annotation_set/405/annotation/327","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe ‘Vitzo’ or ‘WIZO’ is the Women’s International Zionist Organization founded on July 7, 1920 to provide community services for residents of Mandate Palestine. It had branches across Europe before the Second World War.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39270/file/110639#t=450.0,480.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39270/file/110639/annotation_set/405/annotation/328","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eKosher is a set of Jewish dietary laws. Food that may be consumed according to \u003cem\u003ehalakah\u003c/em\u003e (Jewish law) is termed ‘kosher’ in English. Food that is not in accordance with Jewish law is called \u003cem\u003etreif\u003c/em\u003e. The word ‘kosher’ has become English vernacular, a colloquialism meaning proper, legitimate, genuine, fair, or acceptable. \u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39270/file/110639#t=750.0,780.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39270/file/110639/annotation_set/405/annotation/329","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eShabbat\u003c/em\u003e [Hebrew: the Sabbath] is the Jewish day of rest and is observed on Saturdays. \u003cem\u003eShabbat\u003c/em\u003e observance entails refraining from work activities, often with great rigor, and engaging in restful activities to honor the day. \u003cem\u003eShabbat\u003c/em\u003e begins at sundown on Friday night, and is ushered in by lighting candles and reciting a blessing. It is closed the following evening with the recitation of the \u003cem\u003ehavdalah\u003c/em\u003e blessing. \u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39270/file/110639#t=810.0,840.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39270/file/110639/annotation_set/405/annotation/330","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eHebrew: ‘Sanctification.’  A blessing recited over wine or grape juice to sanctify the Sabbath and Jewish holidays. \u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39270/file/110639#t=810.0,840.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39270/file/110639/annotation_set/405/annotation/331","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003ePesach\u003c/em\u003e [Hebrew: Passover] is the anniversary of Israel’s liberation from Egyptian bondage. The holiday lasts for eight days. Unleavened bread, \u003cem\u003ematzot\u003c/em\u003e [Hebrew], is eaten in memory of the unleavened bread prepared by the Israelites during their hasty flight from Egypt, when they had no time to wait for the dough to rise. On the first two nights of Passover, the \u003cem\u003eseder\u003c/em\u003e [Hebrew: order], the central event of the holiday is celebrated. The \u003cem\u003eseder\u003c/em\u003e service is one of the most colorful and joyous occasions in Jewish life. \u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39270/file/110639#t=870.0,900.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39270/file/110639/annotation_set/405/annotation/332","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eHebrew for ‘order.’ The ritual meal eaten at home on the first and second nights of Passover. The family meal is accompanied by the retelling of the story of the Israelites’ exodus from Egypt.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39270/file/110639#t=870.0,900.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39270/file/110639/annotation_set/405/annotation/333","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eDiocletian’s Palace is a building in Split, Croatia, that was built by the Roman emperor Diocletian at the turn of the fourth century. Diocletian built the massive palace in preparation for his retirement on May 1, 305.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39270/file/110639#t=1050.0,1080.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39270/file/110639/annotation_set/405/annotation/334","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eRabbi Isaac Abraham (\u003cem\u003eAvroham Yitzchok\u003c/em\u003e [Hebrew]) Alkalay was the Chief Rabbi of Yugoslavia from 1924 to 1941. He was appointed by King Alexander I, who was king of Yugoslavia from 1921 to 1934.  King Alexander was assassinated on October 9, 1934, and was succeeded by his son, Peter II. Crown Prince Paul (King Alexander’s brother) became regent because Peter II was still a minor at the time. \u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39270/file/110639#t=1200.0,1230.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39270/file/110639/annotation_set/405/annotation/335","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe Italians occupied Split on April 6, 1941.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39270/file/110639#t=1470.0,1500.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39270/file/110639/annotation_set/405/annotation/336","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eZagreb is the capital and the largest city of the Republic of Croatia. At the start of the Second World War, the Jewish community of Zagreb was 11,000. After World War II, only 2,500 Jews lived in Zagreb.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39270/file/110639#t=1500.0,1530.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39270/file/110639/annotation_set/405/annotation/337","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eBelgrade (or “White City”) is the capital and largest city of Serbia. On March 25, 1941, the government of the regent Crown Prince Paul of Yugoslavia signed a Tripartite Pact with Germany and Italy in an effort to keep Yugoslavia neutral during the Second World War. The pact required Yugoslavia to allow transit through its territory to German troops headed for Greece. The signing of this agreement by Prince Paul was immediately followed by mass protests in Belgrade, and a military coup d’état  overthrowing the regency, placing King Peter II on the throne, and denouncing the previous government’s decision to join the Axis. Although the new Prime Minister, Colonel Dušan Simović, sought within days to retract this statement, Hitler ordered the invasion of Yugoslavia on March 27, 1941.  As a  result, when German, Italian, Hungarian and Bulgarian forces invaded Yugoslavia on April 6, 1941, the city of Belgrade was heavily bombed by the \u003cem\u003eLuftwaffe\u003c/em\u003e [German Air Force]. Eleven days later, after the Simović government and King Peter II fled to London, Yugoslavia surrendered to the Axis powers. The Germans established a military occupation administration in Serbia, based in Belgrade. Belgrade became the seat of the regime, headed by General Milan Nedić. By the summer of 1942, virtually no Jews remained alive in Serbia, unless they had joined the Partisans or were in hiding. The city remained under German occupation until October 20, 1944, when it was liberated by the Soviet Army and the Partisans.  \u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39270/file/110639#t=1500.0,1530.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39270/file/110639/annotation_set/405/annotation/338","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eBenito Amilcare Andrea Mussolini was an Italian politician, journalist, and leader of the National Fascist Party, ruling the country as Prime Minister from 1922 until his ousting in 1943. Known as\u003cem\u003e Il\u003c/em\u003e \u003cem\u003eDuce\u003c/em\u003e [Italian: the leader], he was one of the key figures in the creation of fascism. \u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39270/file/110639#t=1530.0,1560.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39270/file/110639/annotation_set/405/annotation/339","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eBlackshirts or \u003cem\u003eCamici Nere\u003c/em\u003e [Italian] were members of the armed squads of Italian fascists under Benito Mussolini, who wore black shirts as part of their uniform. \u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39270/file/110639#t=1650.0,1680.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39270/file/110639/annotation_set/405/annotation/340","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eHitler’s racial laws were a set of policies and laws implemented by Nazi Germany, asserting the superiority of the “Aryan race,” and based on a specific racist doctrine which claimed scientific legitimacy. These policies targeted Jews, Gypsies, homosexuals, handicapped people, and others who were labeled as inferior in a racial hierarchy to the “master race” of Germans. In Germany, the Nuremberg Laws of 1935 were passed on November 15, 1935. They included the Law for the Protection of German Blood and German Honor, prohibiting marriages and sexual relations between Jews and Germans, and the Reich Citizenship Law, which stripped Jews of their German citizenship. These laws were emulated by allies of the Nazis.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39270/file/110639#t=2010.0,2040.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39270/file/110639/annotation_set/405/annotation/341","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003ePolytechnic University of Milan [Italian: \u003cem\u003ePolitecnico di Milan\u003c/em\u003e] is the largest technical university in Italy. It was founded in 1863, and is the oldest university in Milan. From 1927 until the end of the Second World War, it was known as ‘\u003cem\u003eRegio Politecnico\u003c/em\u003e’ [Italian: Royal Polytechnic]. \u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39270/file/110639#t=2130.0,2160.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39270/file/110639/annotation_set/405/annotation/342","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe Axis powers invaded Yugoslavia on April 6, 1941, and Yugoslavia surrendered on April 17, 1941. The Axis powers dismembered Yugoslavia, exploiting ethnic tension to reinforce new territorial boundaries. Germany and Italy divided Croatia into zones of influence, in which each stationed troops. Split, Yugoslavia was initially in the Italian-occupied zone. After the Italian government surrendered to the Allies in September of 1943, the Germans occupied the former Italian zone of Yugoslavia. On September 28, 1943, all Jewish adult men remaining in Split were interned, and, eventually, they were deported to Sajmište, where they were all murdered. In March 1944, 300 women and children were deported from Split to Jasenovac, where they died. Sajmište and Jasenovac were extermination camps established in the Independent State of Croatia, a puppet state of Nazi Germany, which was controlled by the governing fascist Ustaše movement in part of Yugoslavia during World War II.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39270/file/110639#t=2340.0,2370.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39270/file/110639/annotation_set/405/annotation/343","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eJosip Broz Tito was the supreme commander of the People’s Liberation Army and Partisan Detachment, known as the ‘Partisans,’ in Yugoslavia during World War II.  In 1933, Tito was appointed Prime Minister of a provisional executive body formed in Yugoslavia, called the National Committee for the Liberation of Yugoslavia (\u003cem\u003eNacionalni komitet oslobodenja Jugoslavije\u003c/em\u003e or NKOJ). At the time, he received the title, “Marshal of Yugoslavia.” The Partisans were recognized as the Allied Yugoslav resistance movement, and granted supplies and wartime support. Later, Tito became the General Secretary of the Communist Party of Yugoslavia. \u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39270/file/110639#t=2730.0,2760.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39270/file/110639/annotation_set/405/annotation/344","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eOn September 8, 1943, the Italian government surrendered to the Allies. On the same date, the Germans launched Operation Axis, the occupation of Italy.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39270/file/110639#t=3000.0,3030.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39270/file/110639/annotation_set/405/annotation/345","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eIn her USHMM testimony, Tilda identifies the commander as her father’s cousin, Yakiel Finzi. He became a professor at the University of Sarajevo after the war.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39270/file/110639#t=3270.0,3300.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39270/file/110639/annotation_set/405/annotation/346","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eBrač (pronounced brâ:tj), and Hvar are islands in the Adriatic Sea.  Today it is Croatia.  There are more than a thousand islands along the Croatian coast of the Adriatic sea.  Some are large and inhabited, others are smaller and deserted.   Brac and Hvar are very close to split and among the largest of the inhabited islands.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39270/file/110639#t=3570.0,3600.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39270/file/110639/annotation_set/405/annotation/347","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eHebrew for ‘head of the year,’ i.e. New Year festival. The cycle of the High Holidays begins with \u003cem\u003eRosh Ha-Shanah\u003c/em\u003e. It introduces the Ten Days of Penitence, when Jews examine their souls and take stock of their actions. On the tenth day is \u003cem\u003eYom Kippur\u003c/em\u003e, the Day of Atonement. The tradition is that on \u003cem\u003eRosh Ha-Shanah\u003c/em\u003e, God sits in judgment on humanity. Then, the fate of every living creature is inscribed in the Book of Life or Death. These decisions may be revoked by prayer and repentance before the sealing of the books on \u003cem\u003eYom Kippur\u003c/em\u003e. \u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39270/file/110639#t=3600.0,3630.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39270/file/110639/annotation_set/405/annotation/348","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eCres is an island in the Adriatic Sea.  So they are working themselves north along the coastal islands.  Brac and Hvar are in the south and Cres is in the north very close to northern Italy.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39270/file/110639#t=3660.0,3690.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39270/file/110639/annotation_set/405/annotation/349","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eHebrew for ‘Day of Atonement.’ The most sacred day of the Jewish year. \u003cem\u003eYom Kippur\u003c/em\u003e is a 25 hour fast day. Most of the day is spent in prayer, reciting \u003cem\u003eyizkor\u003c/em\u003e for deceased relatives, confessing sins, requesting divine forgiveness, and listening to \u003cem\u003eTorah\u003c/em\u003e readings and sermons. People greet each other with the wish that they may be sealed in the heavenly book for a good year ahead. The day ends with the blowing of the \u003cem\u003eshofar\u003c/em\u003e (a ram’s horn). \u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39270/file/110639#t=3750.0,3780.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39270/file/110639/annotation_set/405/annotation/350","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eInterestingly, Bari is in southern Italy in the heel.  Essentially they retraced their slow island hopping north by returning directly south down the Adriatic in the direction they had just come from.  They had to go this far south because northern Italy was in the hands of the Germans but southern Italy was occupied by the Allies and was safe for Jewish refugees.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39270/file/110639#t=3750.0,3780.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39270/file/110639/annotation_set/405/annotation/351","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003ePuglia, in Italian, or Apulia, is a region of southern Italy bordering the Adriatic Sea in the east, the Ionian Sea to the southeast, and the Strait of Otranto and Gulf of Taranto in the south.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39270/file/110639#t=3930.0,3960.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39270/file/110639/annotation_set/405/annotation/352","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThis reference is to the Palestinian Brigade of the British Army.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39270/file/110639#t=4020.0,4050.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39270/file/110639/annotation_set/405/annotation/353","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eIrgun \u003c/em\u003ewas a Zionist paramilitary group that operated in Mandate Palestine between 1931 and 1948. \u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39270/file/110639#t=4110.0,4140.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39270/file/110639/annotation_set/405/annotation/354","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThis refers to the four questions that are sung during the Passover \u003cem\u003eseder\u003c/em\u003e. \u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39270/file/110639#t=4200.0,4230.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39270/file/110639/annotation_set/405/annotation/355","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eIn her USHMM testimony, Tilda indicates that this was mustard gas.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39270/file/110639#t=4500.0,4530.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39270/file/110639/annotation_set/405/annotation/356","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eHebrew for ‘dedication.’ An eight-day festival of lights that usually falls around Christmas on the Christian calendar. \u003cem\u003eHanukkah\u003c/em\u003e celebrates the victory of the Maccabees in 165 BCE over the Seleucid rule of Palestine, who had desecrated the Temple. The Maccabees wanted to re-dedicate the Temple altar to Jewish worship by rekindling the \u003cem\u003emenorah\u003c/em\u003e (seven-branched candelabra used in the Temple) but could only find one small jar of ritually pure olive oil. The oil continued to burn miraculously for eight days, enabling them to prepare more oil. The \u003cem\u003ehanukiah\u003c/em\u003e with its eight branches commemorates this miracle. \u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39270/file/110639#t=4560.0,4590.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39270/file/110639/annotation_set/405/annotation/357","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eMa’oz Tzur\u003c/em\u003e [Hebrew: Rock of Ages] is a Jewish liturgical poem, written in Hebrew, that is sung on \u003cem\u003eHanukkah\u003c/em\u003e after the lighting of the festival lights. \u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39270/file/110639#t=4590.0,4620.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39270/file/110639/annotation_set/405/annotation/358","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eFoggia is a city in the Apulia region of Italy, and is the capital of the Foggia province. On September 27, 1943, the British captured the airfields of Foggia near the coast of the Adriatic Sea.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39270/file/110639#t=4740.0,4770.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39270/file/110639/annotation_set/405/annotation/359","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe Republic of Cyprus is an island country in the Eastern Mediterranean Sea. Cyprus became a British crown colony in 1925, and was governed by the British throughout World War II. It gained its independence on August 16, 1960.  From August 13, 1946 to February 10, 1949, the British government detained Jews seeking to enter Palestine in detention camps in Cyprus, hoping that the detention would put an end to Jewish immigration to Palestine. Most of the Jewish immigrants were European survivors of the Holocaust trying to enter Palestine. During this period, 52,000 Jews passed through the Cyprus camps, having been taken off 39 boats in their attempt to get to Palestine. Some of the detainees spent only a few months on Cyprus, but many were held there for a year or longer.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39270/file/110639#t=5070.0,5100.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39270/file/110639/annotation_set/405/annotation/360","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe Hebrew Immigrant Aid Society, HIAS, was founded in 1881. Its original purpose was the help the constant flow of Jewish immigrants from Russia in relocating. During and after World War II, they had offices throughout Europe, South and Central America and the Far East. They worked to get Jews out of Europe and to any country that would have them by providing tickets and information about visas. After World War II, they assisted 167,000 Jews to leave DP camps and emigrate elsewhere.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39270/file/110639#t=5220.0,5250.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39270/file/110639/annotation_set/405/annotation/361","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eRegents are statewide standardized examinations given in core high school subjects in New York City.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39270/file/110639#t=5340.0,5370.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39270/file/110639/annotation_set/405/annotation/362","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eAlbany is the capital city of the state of New York. The Department of Education for the state of New York is housed in Albany, and is responsible for the production and administration of the Regents Examinations.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39270/file/110639#t=5400.0,5430.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39270/file/110639/annotation_set/405/annotation/363","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eHunter College is a public university and one of the constituent organizations of the City University of New York, located in the Lenox Hill neighborhood of Manhattan’s Upper East Side.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39270/file/110639#t=5430.0,5460.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39270/file/110639/annotation_set/405/annotation/364","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eIn 1902, Louis K. Liggett persuaded 40 druggists to invest in a drug company that would manufacture and distribute products in franchised stores. In 1903, the United Drug Company (UDC) began operations, and by 1929, UDC had 21 manufacturing plants throughout the United States. It employed over 25,000 workers, supplied 10,000 Rexall Drug Stores, and operated a chain of over 500 Liggett Drug Stores in the United States. \u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39270/file/110639#t=5460.0,5490.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39270/file/110639/annotation_set/405/annotation/365","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eShadyside is a neighborhood in the East End of Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39270/file/110639#t=5640.0,5670.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39270/file/110639/annotation_set/405/annotation/366","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eBerlitz Corporation is a global leadership training and language education company. It was founded in 1878 by Maximilian D. Berlitz in Providence, Rhode Island.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39270/file/110639#t=6180.0,6210.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39270/file/110639/annotation_set/405/annotation/367","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003e‘The Berlitz Method’ or the direct method advocates teaching through the target language only. The rationale for this method of teaching is that students will be able to work out grammatical rules from the input language provided, without necessarily being able to explain the rules overtly.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39270/file/110639#t=6420.0,6450.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39270/file/110639/annotation_set/405/annotation/368","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe Atlanta Inlingua Language Center was a language school established in 1980. 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Then I start speaking, and they say, \"Ali ti si naša,\" [Croatian] which means \"But you are ours.\" I thought, \"Ha, ha, I am yours . . . what you did to my people.\" To them, the way I speak, I'm theirs, so it's . . .","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Partial Transcript"]}}],"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39270/file/110639#t=8756.0,8977.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39270/file/110639/index/47760/annotation/496","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Americans","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Italians","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Italy","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Leonard Cohen","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Support Groups","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Yugosalvians","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}}],"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39270/file/110639#t=8756.0,8977.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39270/file/110639/index/47760/annotation/497","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"How Americans Can Be Naïve People","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Title"]}}],"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39270/file/110639#t=8977.0,9080.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39270/file/110639/index/47760/annotation/498","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I find that many Americans are somewhat naïve at times. I don't know, I can't quite explain. Even now, I am hoping my grandson is okay. He went to teach English in Korea for a year. He's traveling, and got caught in Cambodia, and lost his passport. It was just awful, the last few days.","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Partial Transcript"]}}],"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39270/file/110639#t=8977.0,9080.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39270/file/110639/index/47760/annotation/499","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"American People","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Cambodia","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Different Cultures","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Korea","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Leonard 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