{"@context":"http://iiif.io/api/presentation/3/context.json","id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/iiif/5m6251gq53/manifest","type":"Manifest","label":{"en":["Ullman, Albert"]},"logo":"https://d9jk7wjtjpu5g.cloudfront.net/organizations/logo_images/000/000/082/original/TheBreman_SecondaryMark_Horizontal_Blue_Black.png?1713640889","metadata":[{"label":{"en":["Date"]},"value":{"en":["1997-07-24 (captured)"]}},{"label":{"en":["Agent"]},"value":{"en":["Ullman, Albert (Interviewee)","Meyerhoff, Harriet (Interviewer)"]}},{"label":{"en":["Format"]},"value":{"en":["Audio"]}},{"label":{"en":["Source"]},"value":{"en":["William Breman Jewish Heritage Museum","Esther and Herbert Taylor Oral History Collection","Savannah Jewish Archives"]}},{"label":{"en":["Publisher"]},"value":{"en":["William Breman Jewish Heritage Museum"]}},{"label":{"en":["Description"]},"value":{"en":["\u003cp\u003eAlbert Ullman was interviewed by Harriet Meyerhoff on July 24, 1997 in Savannah, Georgia. \u003c/p\u003e (general)","\u003cp\u003eAlbert Jacob Ullman was born to Samuel Ullman and Freda Wolson Ullman in Brooklyn, New York. He attended Benedictine Military School and graduated from Ridgeland High School in South Carolina. Ullman attended The Citadel for two years before enlisting in the Army during World War II. He served from 1942 to 1946 in the 11th Airborne Division assigned to the 511th Parachute Infantry Regiment as a medic in the South Pacific.\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\u003cp\u003eUllman later served as the Mayor of Ridgeland, South Carolina for four terms and was instrumental in forming the Jasper County Development Authority. Ullman also owned and operated Ullman’s Department Store in Ridgeland, and later worked for Chatham Steel. He retired as manager of Segall and Sons Department Store. Ullman was a long-time member of Congregation Agudath Achim and was a member of the Agudath Achim Brotherhood.\u003c/p\u003e (bioghist)","\u003cp\u003eThe interview begins with Albert Ullman talking about his wife Harriet Birnbaum Ullman’s family background and his family background, beginning with his parents. He talks about going to school, graduating, going to the Citadel for two years, and volunteering as a paratrooper during World War II. He discusses how he met his wife after returning to Savannah from the Army.\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\u003cp\u003eHe talks about how Harriet got into catering and how her catering business evolved. He shares his experiences moving from New York to South Carolina and the cultural differences he experienced. He tells a story about his family immigrating through Ellis Island. He talks more about his father coming to the United States and shares about the paternal side of his family. Ullman talks about the family’s dairy business briefly before discussing his time at The Citadel.\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\u003cp\u003eUllman discusses where his family would buy kosher groceries and how they would transport food from Savannah, Georgia to Ridgeland, South Carolina. He talks about the street cars in Savannah and Isle of Hope on Sunday afternoons. Ullman shares about the various theaters and movie houses in Savannah.\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\u003cp\u003eThe interview shifts back to Ridgeland after World War II where Ullman discusses getting involved in the community and being a good citizen. He shares about being approached to run for Mayor of Ridgeland and how he tried to bring progress to the town during his four terms. He tells a story about going to KKK meetings to take notes and send them back to the Anti-Defamation League.\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\u003cp\u003eUllman talks about his time in the military again, discussing volunteering for the Paratroops, his 16 jumps, and doing some volunteer work with the JEA. The interview closes with Ullman talking about his daughter, Susan, her husband, Frank Slotin, and his grandchildren.\u003c/p\u003e (scope content)"]}},{"label":{"en":["Source Metadata URI"]},"value":{"en":["https://archivesspace.thebreman.org/repositories/2/archival_objects/29109"]}},{"label":{"en":["Rights Statement"]},"value":{"en":["\u003cp\u003eAll rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, recorded by any information storage and retrieval system, without the express written consent of the William Breman Jewish Heritage Museum.\u003c/p\u003e"]}},{"label":{"en":["Subject"]},"value":{"en":["Ullman, Albert Jacob ( - 2008) (personal name)","Friedman, Mary Weitz (1931-2019) (personal name)","Friedman, Erwin A. \"Ernie\" (1931-2014) (personal name)","Dr. Wexler, William A. \"Bill\" ( - 2000) (personal name)","Rather, Daniel Irving, Jr. (b. 1931) (personal name)","The Citadel (corporate name)","Savannah Jewish Federation (corporate name)","Aleph Zadik Aleph (AZA) (corporate name)","Tauck Tours (corporate name)","Brockington Hall (corporate name)","Congregation B'nai B'rith Jacob (corporate name)","Bargain Corner Grocery Store (corporate name)","Leopold's Ice Cream (corporate name)","Jewish Educational Alliance (JEA) (corporate name)","Bijou Theater (corporate name)","Arcadia Theater (corporate name)","Savannah Theater (corporate name)","United States Junior Chamber (corporate name)","Ku Klux Klan (corporate name)","B'nai B'rith International (corporate name)","Anti-Defamation League (corporate name)","The Kress (corporate name)","Savannah, Georgia (geographic term)","Brooklyn, New York (geographic term)","Ridgeland, South Carolina (geographic term)","Bluffton, South Carolina (geographic term)","Charleston, South Carolina (geographic term)","Fort Moore (Benning), Georgia (geographic term)","Kobryn, Poland (geographic term)","Pacific Islands (geographic term)","New Guinea (geographic term)","The Philippines (geographic term)","Ellis Island (geographic term)","World War II (named event)","Antisemitism (topical term)","Paratrooper (topical term)","Bar Mitzvah (topical term)","Bat Mitzvah (topical term)","Isle of Hope, Savannah, Georgia (geographic term)"]}}],"summary":{"en":["\u003cp\u003eAlbert Ullman was interviewed by Harriet Meyerhoff on July 24, 1997 in Savannah, Georgia.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eAlbert Jacob Ullman was born to Samuel Ullman and Freda Wolson Ullman in Brooklyn, New York. He attended Benedictine Military School and graduated from Ridgeland High School in South Carolina. Ullman attended The Citadel for two years before enlisting in the Army during World War II. He served from 1942 to 1946 in the 11th Airborne Division assigned to the 511th Parachute Infantry Regiment as a medic in the South Pacific.\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\u003cp\u003eUllman later served as the Mayor of Ridgeland, South Carolina for four terms and was instrumental in forming the Jasper County Development Authority. Ullman also owned and operated Ullman\u0026rsquo;s Department Store in Ridgeland, and later worked for Chatham Steel. He retired as manager of Segall and Sons Department Store. Ullman was a long-time member of Congregation Agudath Achim and was a member of the Agudath Achim Brotherhood.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe interview begins with Albert Ullman talking about his wife Harriet Birnbaum Ullman\u0026rsquo;s family background and his family background, beginning with his parents. He talks about going to school, graduating, going to the Citadel for two years, and volunteering as a paratrooper during World War II. He discusses how he met his wife after returning to Savannah from the Army.\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\u003cp\u003eHe talks about how Harriet got into catering and how her catering business evolved. He shares his experiences moving from New York to South Carolina and the cultural differences he experienced. He tells a story about his family immigrating through Ellis Island. He talks more about his father coming to the United States and shares about the paternal side of his family. Ullman talks about the family\u0026rsquo;s dairy business briefly before discussing his time at The Citadel.\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\u003cp\u003eUllman discusses where his family would buy kosher groceries and how they would transport food from Savannah, Georgia to Ridgeland, South Carolina. He talks about the street cars in Savannah and Isle of Hope on Sunday afternoons. Ullman shares about the various theaters and movie houses in Savannah.\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\u003cp\u003eThe interview shifts back to Ridgeland after World War II where Ullman discusses getting involved in the community and being a good citizen. He shares about being approached to run for Mayor of Ridgeland and how he tried to bring progress to the town during his four terms. He tells a story about going to KKK meetings to take notes and send them back to the Anti-Defamation League.\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\u003cp\u003eUllman talks about his time in the military again, discussing volunteering for the Paratroops, his 16 jumps, and doing some volunteer work with the JEA. The interview closes with Ullman talking about his daughter, Susan, her husband, Frank Slotin, and his grandchildren.\u003c/p\u003e"]},"requiredStatement":{"label":{"en":["Attribution"]},"value":{"en":["\u003cp\u003eAll rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, recorded by any information storage and retrieval system, without the express written consent of the William Breman Jewish Heritage Museum.\u003c/p\u003e"]}},"provider":[{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/aboutus","type":"Agent","label":{"en":["William Breman Jewish Heritage Museum"]},"homepage":[{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/","type":"Text","label":{"en":["William Breman Jewish Heritage Museum"]},"format":"text/html"}],"logo":[{"id":"https://d9jk7wjtjpu5g.cloudfront.net/organizations/logo_images/000/000/082/original/TheBreman_SecondaryMark_Horizontal_Blue_Black.png?1713640889","type":"Image"}]}],"thumbnail":[{"id":"https://d9jk7wjtjpu5g.cloudfront.net/public/images/audio-default.png","type":"Image","format":"image/png"}],"items":[{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/92608/file/188620","type":"Canvas","label":{"en":["Media File 1 of 1 - Ullman__Albert.mp3"]},"duration":3021.16571,"width":640,"height":360,"thumbnail":[{"id":"https://d9jk7wjtjpu5g.cloudfront.net/public/images/audio-default.png","type":"Image","format":"image/png"}],"items":[{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/92608/file/188620/content/1","type":"AnnotationPage","items":[{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/92608/file/188620/content/1/annotation/1","type":"Annotation","motivation":"painting","body":{"id":"https://aviary-p-thebreman.s3.wasabisys.com/collection_resource_files/resource_files/000/188/620/original/Ullman__Albert.mp3?1685108282","type":"Audio","format":"audio/mpeg","duration":3021.16571,"width":640,"height":360},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/92608/file/188620","metadata":[]}]}],"annotations":[{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/92608/file/188620/transcript/43886","type":"AnnotationPage","label":{"en":["Ullman, Albert [Transcript]"]},"items":[{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/92608/file/188620/transcript/43886/annotation/1","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"MEYERHOFF: Interview with Albert Ullman. Today is July 24, 1997, and this is\nSide 1. Okay, Albert, you are married to Harriet Ullman. Let's first begin with\nher and her background. Tell me about Harriet and her family.\n\nULLMAN: Harriet and her brother, Paul Birnbaum. She was Harriet Birnbaum. Their\nmother was a ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/92608/file/188620#t=0.0,30.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/92608/file/188620/transcript/43886/annotation/2","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Birnbaum. As it turned out, just prior to WWII, approximately 1937,\nMr. Samuel Tenenbaum of Savannah [Georgia], father of Meyer, Albert and Ralph\nTenenbaum, his wife had died in the past several years and he discovered ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/92608/file/188620#t=30.0,60.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/92608/file/188620/transcript/43886/annotation/3","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that\nhis childhood sweetheart from, what we call the \"Old Country\", which happened to\nhave been Kobryn, Poland, was a widow with two children and the situation was\nnot getting any better in Europe and he got on a boat and went to Europe and\nmarried my mother-in-law, Harriet's mother, and brought Harriet and her ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/92608/file/188620#t=60.0,90.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/92608/file/188620/transcript/43886/annotation/4","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"brother,\nPaul Birnbaum, to the United States. So, Harriet and I, thankfully, have been\nmarried for fifty years as of several weeks ago, and we, in the first party of\nour married lives, the first fifteen years in fact, I had married Harriet and\ntaken her to Ridgeland, South Carolina, the big city of, with a population ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/92608/file/188620#t=90.0,120.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/92608/file/188620/transcript/43886/annotation/5","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"of\n3,000-4,000. We were the only Jewish people in the entire county.\n\nMEYERHOFF: Okay, Albert, you took Harriet back to Ridgeland, South Carolina,\nwhere you lived. Tell me, let's start at the very beginning, with your parents.\n\nULLMAN: Okay. My mother, Freida Wolson, came to Savannah in ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/92608/file/188620#t=120.0,150.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/92608/file/188620/transcript/43886/annotation/6","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"1914 with her\nbrothers and sisters. My grandfather, we called him Marsady, who was a very\nreligious man, was in the burlap bag business on the riverfront. That puts my\nmother in Savannah. My father, as an orphan, came to the United States and,\nnaturally, at first he winds up in New York and ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/92608/file/188620#t=150.0,180.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/92608/file/188620/transcript/43886/annotation/7","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"worked as a teen-ager, until he\nwas 19 or 20 years old, and in the meantime, usually when somebody called\nmestrucka in Yiddish, family was anywhere around in the United States, usually\nthe newcomer from Europe would begin putting out feelers and whether he already\nknew the family, my mother's family, had already come here or how ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/92608/file/188620#t=180.0,210.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/92608/file/188620/transcript/43886/annotation/8","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"he found out,\nI do not know. But he did, and he came down to Savannah and married my mother in\nabout 1921, took her to New York for another year or so. In the meantime, I was\nborn in Brooklyn [New York]. Then about 1925 thereabouts, or 1926, my father\ncame back down to Savannah with my mother ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/92608/file/188620#t=210.0,240.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/92608/file/188620/transcript/43886/annotation/9","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and started looking around and he\nfound out from cousins who already had owned a business in Bluffton, South\nCarolina, that they were getting ready to move on and it was just a series of,\nsuccession of one cousin moving in and another moving out of the business in\nthose days. And this was all done through the sponsorship of the Weitz family.\nThere were three Weitz brothers. L. Weitz, Dave Weitz ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/92608/file/188620#t=240.0,270.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/92608/file/188620/transcript/43886/annotation/10","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and Ben Weitz. There\noriginally were here before 1900 and had done very well in business and started\nbringing any family . . . or whatever, in from Russia, you know, that they could\nget over. In those days in Bluffton, South Carolina, Jewish people, although\nthere had been some Jewish ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/92608/file/188620#t=270.0,300.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/92608/file/188620/transcript/43886/annotation/11","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"families there temporarily, but to come and make a\nhome and so forth, at first it was rather difficult for my parents and, of\ncourse, beginning at the age of four or five, I was a child there and went into\nthe first grade in the Bluffton school. In those days there were incidents of\nantisemitism and what it amounted to is with a Jewish boy, more or ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/92608/file/188620#t=300.0,330.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/92608/file/188620/transcript/43886/annotation/12","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"less, in\nthose days, you accepted whatever befell you and you fought your way through it,\nmany times at recess. Later on, as I was eight and nine years old, I remember\nthat when I came out at recess to eat the sandwich that my mother had prepared,\nI usually might have to fight somebody before I could do that. Then, when I had\nproved myself, I guess I was sort of maybe a little bit accepted and we were\nvery ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/92608/file/188620#t=330.0,360.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/92608/file/188620/transcript/43886/annotation/13","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"well accepted. As it turned out, my father was quite active in helping\npeople, and so forth, and he eventually was elected the Mayor of Bluffton, South\nCarolina. As far as history records itself, was the only Jewish mayor that they\never had. In about 1938 thereof, my family moved to Ridgeland, South ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/92608/file/188620#t=360.0,390.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/92608/file/188620/transcript/43886/annotation/14","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Carolina,\nwhich was thirty miles up on Highway 17 where there were more opportunities\nperhaps with the tourist industry and so forth and Highway 17, going North and\nSouth. My father opened a dry goods store there. So that put me there for\nseveral years. I graduated high school in Ridgeland, went to the Citadel in\nCharleston [South Carolina] and then, when the war broke ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/92608/file/188620#t=390.0,420.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/92608/file/188620/transcript/43886/annotation/15","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"out in December of\n1941, there were a group of us that volunteered for the paratroops. We were very\npatriotic and gung-ho, especially our parents having, on both sides of my\nfamily, I imagine persecution and so forth, and was a little bit familiar about\nhaving love for country, so I volunteered. I spent three years in ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/92608/file/188620#t=420.0,450.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/92608/file/188620/transcript/43886/annotation/16","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"the Army in\nthe Pacific Islands of New Guinea, the Philippine Islands and eventually, into\nJapan when the bomb was dropped. I sat there for six months, and my father had\nwritten me that he was thinking about leaving to move to Florida. I had written\nback that, since I didn't know what I was going to do, to please hang in there\nuntil I got home, which they did. When I got home and started coming to\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/92608/file/188620#t=450.0,480.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/92608/file/188620/transcript/43886/annotation/17","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Savannah, again, because in the background it must be emphasized that the Jewish\ncommunity in Savannah from the very earliest of days, as the Savannah [Jewish]\nFederation is today with the newcomers from Russia and the Jewish people, has\nalways opened their arms and it was always, even though I lived in a small\ncountry town, there was always that wonderful treat of coming to ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/92608/file/188620#t=480.0,510.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/92608/file/188620/transcript/43886/annotation/18","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Savannah on\nSunday, going to the old AZA [Aleph Zadik Aleph] building and associating with\nJewish children, which really was a treat - with your own kind - with your own\npeople. So, sort of a quasi relationship, but I guess what I would like to\nemphasize, there were many other young Jewish people from other various small\ntowns around Savannah, and this is where we all got together and met the\nSavannah ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/92608/file/188620#t=510.0,540.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/92608/file/188620/transcript/43886/annotation/19","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"kids and went into the AZA and joined the organizations and got sort of\nassimilated into the Savannah Jewish community. So, when I came home from the\nArmy, I was in Savannah one day, sitting in a restaurant and someone asked me if\nI was going to the party and I said, \"What party?\" They said there was a party\non Bolton Street at the Tenenbaums. So, I went over with a friend of mine, and\nwe sort of crashed the party and ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/92608/file/188620#t=540.0,570.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/92608/file/188620/transcript/43886/annotation/20","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that was how I met my sweet wife, Harriet, and,\nthankfully, we've been married for fifty years. Harriet began while I worked at\nvarious things, Harriet began catering over twenty years ago, and I think she's\ndone a wonderful job in the community and never done a dollar's advertising, so,\nso much for that. At this point, I am retired.\n\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/92608/file/188620#t=570.0,600.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/92608/file/188620/transcript/43886/annotation/21","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"MEYERHOFF: I know that Harriet has been one of the leading caterers in the city\nfor a number of years. She's also done national tours such as the Tauck Tours,\nwhich comes here, with the Historic Savannah. Now, tell me, how did she get\ninto, how did she first get herself involved in catering?\n\nULLMAN: The way that she got involved was ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/92608/file/188620#t=600.0,630.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/92608/file/188620/transcript/43886/annotation/22","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"really a fluke, more or less. There\nwas a very beautiful building, I think it was on Huntington Street, called . . .\n\nMEYERHOFF: Brockington?\n\nULLMAN: Brockington Hall and our son, Allan, was a photographer and the Georgia\nPhotographers' Convention, they were going to hold their annual convention in\nSavannah, and he was whatever, the treasurer, or whatever, they ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/92608/file/188620#t=630.0,660.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/92608/file/188620/transcript/43886/annotation/23","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"had like $200 or\nwhatever to feed about 100 people. At that time, when Harriet started out . . .\nand she were together for about a year or so and then Bailey decided that she\nwould rather do cooking lessons at home, so Harriet, but the way that it started\nwas that my son Allen, said, \"Mama, I've got a certain amount of money, we need\nto feed these people and can you help me?\" Well, they did, and from ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/92608/file/188620#t=660.0,690.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/92608/file/188620/transcript/43886/annotation/24","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"there\nsomebody else might have asked her, and so forth, and it just, like Topsy, it\ngrew. And it grew, and it grew.\n\nMEYERHOFF: And she did, she prepared Kosher meals from the synagogue.\n\nULLMAN: Right. From the synagogues, for the synagogues. And did weddings and bar\nmitzvahs, and bat mitzvahs and at some points, there has been times where she\nhas done a bris for a child and then, before you knew it, the child ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/92608/file/188620#t=690.0,720.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/92608/file/188620/transcript/43886/annotation/25","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"was bar\nmitzvah and, I suppose if we search the records, we'd probably find that she did\nthe weddings of the same children. It just so happened, evolved, that period of\ntime it could all happen.\n\nMEYERHOFF: Well, she certainly has had a steady business.\n\nULLMAN: Right.\n\nMEYERHOFF: Now how did she go about just accumulating, or acquiring, all of her\nplatters, and . . .\n\nULLMAN: Well, it just happened. At one point, not so very long ago, I was\nkidding her, we were in a book store and, naturally, she ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/92608/file/188620#t=720.0,750.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/92608/file/188620/transcript/43886/annotation/26","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"was looking at the\ncookbooks, and someone walked up and said, \"You're still buying cookbooks?\" And\nI said, \"Well, she's only got 300.\" And she says, \"I do not. I do not have that\nmany cookbooks.\" When we came home, she counted her cookbooks and there were\n275. She has cookbooks from all over the world. It's sort of like her hobby.\nWherever we've been, in Israel or wherever, she buys cookbooks.\n\nMEYERHOFF: Well, did she learn cooking in school?\n\nULLMAN: ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/92608/file/188620#t=750.0,780.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/92608/file/188620/transcript/43886/annotation/27","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"From her mother.\n\nMEYERHOFF: From her mother.\n\nULLMAN: Right. Her mother was a very good cook. For a time, her mother was the\nmescia, the overseer at the B. B. Jacob Synagogue, to make sure that the\nkitchens were kosher and, of course, Harriet is well familiar with all the\ndietary laws, but her really cooking as a child, naturally, in Europe there\nweren't as many things to do at the school, watching TV, ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/92608/file/188620#t=780.0,810.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/92608/file/188620/transcript/43886/annotation/28","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"etc., etc. that the\nchildren, or any organizations, and so forth, so you stayed home and you did\nwhat Mama did, so . . .\n\nMEYERHOFF:Getting back to you. It must have been a big change, or an adjustment\nfor your family, to have lived in Brooklyn, in New York, and then come down to a\nremote area in the South, Ridgeland and Bluffton, South Carolina. Do you\nremember them experiencing ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/92608/file/188620#t=810.0,840.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/92608/file/188620/transcript/43886/annotation/29","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"any cultural differences?\n\nULLMAN: Well, there were cultural differences. But being the kind of people or\nthe stock of people that the immigrants were then, they adjusted. Not only my\nmother and father but I knew of many others, that, just, when in Rome do as the\nRomans do, and they adjusted very nicely and were accepted. Before long, ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/92608/file/188620#t=840.0,870.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/92608/file/188620/transcript/43886/annotation/30","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"my\nmother began to study for her citizenship papers. My father had gotten his in\nNew York just before they were married, so that made them citizens. They\neventually adjusted very well.\n\nMEYERHOFF: Now, they came through Ellis Island?\n\nULLMAN: Right.\n\nMEYERHOFF:Do you remember any stories about that?\n\nULLMAN: Yes, my mother, in fact, there is a newspaper article which I have a\ncopy of, tells the story of, with my grandfather, my grandmother, my Bubby and\nmy Zady, ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/92608/file/188620#t=870.0,900.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/92608/file/188620/transcript/43886/annotation/31","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"coming with the eight children, to Ellis Island and he had sold his\nentire possessions in Russia and had the equivalent of $500 or $600. At Ellis\nIsland someone stole his money. So as a result, the cousins in Savannah, the\nWeitz family, had to send money for them to be able to come to Savannah. So,\nthat's the way they got to Savannah. In ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/92608/file/188620#t=900.0,930.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/92608/file/188620/transcript/43886/annotation/32","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"debt. Before they even got here!\n\nMEYERHOFF: Was their name Ullman? Or was it changed at Ellis Island?\n\nULLMAN: No, no, it was Wolson.\n\nMEYERHOFF: Oh, Wolson.\n\nULLMAN: Wolson and it may have been, instead of W-O-L-S-O-N, it was something\nlike, V-U-L-S. In other words, the Irish guards - you may have heard a story\nwhen you entered the other people who have, people who came from the Old\nCountry, we call it - you pronounced your name, and the Irish guards at Ellis\nIsland wrote it down as ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/92608/file/188620#t=930.0,960.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/92608/file/188620/transcript/43886/annotation/33","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"they heard it. It didn't make any difference, so that's\nthe name that you got when you came to the United States.\n\nMEYERHOFF: Okay. Albert, you said your father came over as an orphan. At about\nwhat age?\n\nULLMAN: Ah, about 14 years of age. He was an orphan and today you see children\nwearing an earring. Well, my father told me ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/92608/file/188620#t=960.0,990.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/92608/file/188620/transcript/43886/annotation/34","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that in Europe in the 1900's, an\norphan wore an earring in the left ear so that when he went from village to\nvillage, the Jewish people knew that he was an orphan. And they always looked\nout for the orphans. Those words came from my father.\n\nMEYERHOFF: That's fascinating.\n\nULLMAN: So, he came, and there again, through the sponsorship of some of the\ncousins, he ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/92608/file/188620#t=990.0,1020.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/92608/file/188620/transcript/43886/annotation/35","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"came to New York. He came first and he was younger and started\nworking. He had the equivalent of a second-grade education and when, at about 14\nor 15, and when he was 21 years old, he had been working for a knitting mill in\nBrooklyn, New York, and he had worked himself up, and he was a foreman of the\nplant and they used to send him back to Europe, to Germany, to buy knitting ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/92608/file/188620#t=1020.0,1050.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/92608/file/188620/transcript/43886/annotation/36","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"equipment.\n\nMEYERHOFF: Now, tell me about his family.\n\nULLMAN: Well, he just, you know, his mother and father, he was very young when\nhis parents died, and the only thing he could ever tell me was that from that\npoint on, when they died, he was an orphan. And the relatives and everybody else\nsort of looked out for him.\n\nMEYERHOFF: All right, now what about, you said that there was a family member in\nthe dairy business?\n\nULLMAN: Right. Now, a cousin of his, ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/92608/file/188620#t=1050.0,1080.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/92608/file/188620/transcript/43886/annotation/37","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"it was Julius Ullman, and we had a cousin\nhere who was Jake Ullman, L. Weitz \u0026 Co.\n\nMEYERHOFF: Okay. You have another relative?\n\nULLMAN: There was one other cousin who was in Hardeeville, South Carolina, which\nis near Savannah. And he was also Samuel Ullman. As it turned out, ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/92608/file/188620#t=1080.0,1110.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/92608/file/188620/transcript/43886/annotation/38","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"he and my\nfather were first cousins, but they were given the same name. More or less, in\nthose days, around West Broad Street, there, again, they centered on the\nbusinesses and the business was L. Weitz \u0026 Co. which also brings into Mary Weitz\nFriedman's family. Her father, Isadore, worked for a furniture store on ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/92608/file/188620#t=1110.0,1140.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/92608/file/188620/transcript/43886/annotation/39","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"West\nBroad Street, which was Schoob's Furniture. So, I think that takes care of all\nof the cousins.\n\nMEYERHOFF: Now, what about the dairy?\n\nULLMAN: Okay, at that point, my father's cousin, Julius Ullman, moved to\nSavannah and opened a dairy on the Old Ogeechee Road, which is now ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/92608/file/188620#t=1140.0,1170.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/92608/file/188620/transcript/43886/annotation/40","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"a few miles\nout on Ogeechee Road, the exact location, I remember being there as a child, and\nthey sold milk to the, he had dairy cows, he was a graduate of Clemson\nUniversity. Mr. L. Weitz had sent him to college, and he studied agriculture and\nhe had the dairy for a number of years and served the Jewish community\ndelivering milk. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/92608/file/188620#t=1170.0,1200.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/92608/file/188620/transcript/43886/annotation/41","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"But after a few years he decided to, I think, move on, like so\nmany of them did.\n\nMEYERHOFF: How did he deliver the milk? How was that delivered?\n\nULLMAN: By vehicle, in milk bottles.\n\nMEYERHOFF: Okay. I remember Annette's Dairy that delivered bottles on ice,\npulled by horse and wagons.\n\nULLMAN: Well, um, at that point though, it was ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/92608/file/188620#t=1200.0,1230.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/92608/file/188620/transcript/43886/annotation/42","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"vehicles, automobiles.\n\nMEYERHOFF:Okay. Did he have his, were the bottles his own? Did they have his\nname on the bottle?\n\nULLMAN: Right.\n\nMEYERHOFF: And, what was the name of it?\n\nULLMAN: Ullmandale Dairy.\n\nMEYERHOFF: Ullmandale?\n\nULLMAN: Ullmandale Dairy. Right.\n\nMEYERHOFF: Okay. Let's get back into South Carolina days. Was it unusual for\nyou, as a Jewish boy, to go to the ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/92608/file/188620#t=1230.0,1260.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/92608/file/188620/transcript/43886/annotation/43","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Citadel, a military school? How did that come about?\n\nULLMAN: Well, there were quite a number of Jewish boys who would come down from\nplaces such as New York. The Citadel, even in the 1940's, was a very well-known\nschool, so there were many Jewish boys there.\n\nMEYERHOFF: Did you experience antisemitism?\n\nULLMAN: Not really. No. Not really. Because there had previously been Jewish\nstudents at the Citadel. There was, you might say, even ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/92608/file/188620#t=1260.0,1290.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/92608/file/188620/transcript/43886/annotation/44","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"though it was in\nCharleston, but it was more cosmopolitan because the students didn't just come\nfrom South Carolina. They came from the entire country.\n\nMEYERHOFF: Were you allowed to participate in any services, or holiday services?\n\nULLMAN: We would go into Charleston, to the Jewish community of Charleston.\n\nMEYERHOFF: The Citadel did let you do that?\n\nULLMAN: Right. Yeah.\n\nMEYERHOFF: And you had time off for holidays?\n\nULLMAN: Right.\n\nMEYERHOFF: ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/92608/file/188620#t=1290.0,1320.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/92608/file/188620/transcript/43886/annotation/45","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Where did you - did your parents keep kosher in South Carolina?\n\nULLMAN: No.\n\nMEYERHOFF: All right. So where did they do their groceries? How did they shop?\n\nULLMAN: They used to shop in Savannah. And interestingly enough, when Harriet\nand I were first married and in Ridgeland, she kept kosher for quite a number of\nyears and it was very difficult because we had to come to Savannah for the meat\nand so ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/92608/file/188620#t=1320.0,1350.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/92608/file/188620/transcript/43886/annotation/46","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"forth. But it was then, quite a history about kosher meat markets in\nSavannah. Sometimes there was one and sometimes there wasn't and it became a\nlittle difficult and, finally, after a while, we gave it up. Or Harriet, this is\nwhat she wanted to when we were married.\n\nMEYERHOFF: How did you transport meat, for instance? Or anything perishable in\nthe warm months? From Savannah to Ridgeland?\n\nULLMAN: Of course, we ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/92608/file/188620#t=1350.0,1380.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/92608/file/188620/transcript/43886/annotation/47","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"did very well. Put ice in a cooler and transport it. It\nwasn't that much of a problem. It was just a problem in later years of getting\nthe kosher meat.\n\nMEYERHOFF: And for holiday dinners did you come in town? With other families?\n\nULLMAN: We usually did. My grandmother and my grandfather were more or less the\n. . . of the entire family, including the Wolson, the Weitz, and the Ullman\nfamilies. And on holidays my grandmother would ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/92608/file/188620#t=1380.0,1410.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/92608/file/188620/transcript/43886/annotation/48","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"prepare sumptuous banquets for everybody.\n\nMEYERHOFF: Can you tell me, um, who the different kosher butchers were through\nthe years and where they were located?\n\nULLMAN: Well, beginning in the days of the Old City Market, which we all long\nfor, there was an Henchi Anchell Friedman, Ernie Friedman's ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/92608/file/188620#t=1410.0,1440.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/92608/file/188620/transcript/43886/annotation/49","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"grandfather, was in\nthe Old City Market for a time, and there was one other Kosher butcher. Then, of\ncourse, you realize at that time I wasn't living in Savannah, but . . . after\nthat there were several, I would say, out-of-town people who were brought here\nby family, or the synagogue or somebody, and for a while they ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/92608/file/188620#t=1440.0,1470.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/92608/file/188620/transcript/43886/annotation/50","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"maintained kosher\nmarkets. And of course, the ... family, going back quite a number of years, sold\ncertain kosher products, not entirely meat, but products, quantities, and\ncheeses, and so forth, that were kosher. But there were, it was interspersed, as\nfar as always having been a wonderful kosher butcher in Savannah, Georgia.\n\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/92608/file/188620#t=1470.0,1500.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/92608/file/188620/transcript/43886/annotation/51","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"MEYERHOFF: So, the hub of the shopping was still in the downtown around the City Market?\n\nULLMAN: Oh, yeah, yeah.\n\nMEYERHOFF: Okay. Were there any grocery stores, large grocery stores, at that time?\n\nULLMAN: No. There were mostly little corner grocery stores, and of course, the\nfirst supermarket, as I remember it in Savannah, was the Bargain Corner . . .\n\nMEYERHOFF: And where was that?\n\nULLMAN: That was at the corner of Jefferson and Bay Streets. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/92608/file/188620#t=1500.0,1530.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/92608/file/188620/transcript/43886/annotation/52","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"That was really,\ntruly, there were other maybe a tenth and also . . . wife's father had a quite\nlarge store out on Bull Street, which in those days was way out in the boonies.\n\nMEYERHOFF: Do you remember, were the streets paved in those days, when you were....\n\nULLMAN: More or less. Because the streetcars used to go ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/92608/file/188620#t=1530.0,1560.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/92608/file/188620/transcript/43886/annotation/53","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"down, yeah, the streets\nwere paved, even in the early 1900's.\n\nMEYERHOFF: Tell me about the streetcars.\n\nULLMAN: Well, to me, being a country boy, it was a joy to be able to come to the\nbig city of Savannah and get on the streetcar for a nickel and ride even as far\nout as Victory Drive, you know. That was a wonderful feeling.\n\nMEYERHOFF: Which was the route?\n\nULLMAN: Well, some of the streetcars, there was a Bona Bella route, which left\nBroughton Street and it must have taken hours and it meandered its way ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/92608/file/188620#t=1560.0,1590.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/92608/file/188620/transcript/43886/annotation/54","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"down\nHabersham Street, around where Leopold Brothers, let's see, it was Gwinnett, it\nturned at Gwinnett. And in those days Leopold Brothers had this sort of, down\nwhere all the kids used to gather. That was another place on Sunday where it was\na wonderful place for Jewish kids to go have an ice cream. But the streetcar\nmeandered down Gwinnett Street at some point and then took off towards Waters\nAvenue, and it ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/92608/file/188620#t=1590.0,1620.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/92608/file/188620/transcript/43886/annotation/55","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"wound up all the way out to Isle of Hope. When you got out there,\nyou had had a journey.\n\nMEYERHOFF: And at Isle of Hope, what was it like on Sunday afternoons?\n\nULLMAN: Well, the Barbee family had a pavilion out there and they raised\nterrapins, small species of turtle. They shipped those terrapins all over the\nworld. And that also was a wonderful place on Sunday ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/92608/file/188620#t=1620.0,1650.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/92608/file/188620/transcript/43886/annotation/56","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"afternoon or, in fact,\neven, there were dances there sometimes on Saturday night. Of course, the Jewish\nkids would go as a group, but it wasn't just the Jewish kids having the dance.\nOf course, most of the social activity went on at the JEA [Jewish Educational\nAlliance] at the old building on Barnard Street. But it was a real treat, after\nbeing, like I would say, in the ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/92608/file/188620#t=1650.0,1680.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/92608/file/188620/transcript/43886/annotation/57","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"country for the whole week to come into town, to\nSavannah, and go to the JEA and meet the kids and there were dances and\neverything. It really was, in those days, I think it meant a lot because today\nthere is so much competition for the kids.\n\nMEYERHOFF: Where there any movie houses then?\n\nULLMAN: Yep. On Broughton Street there were, there was the old Odeon, which is\nnow where the City of Savannah office ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/92608/file/188620#t=1680.0,1710.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/92608/file/188620/transcript/43886/annotation/58","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"buildings are located. On the corner of\nAbercorn and it was the Lucas and then there was the Bijou [Theater], which was\nin the middle of that block, and across the street there was an Arcadia. And\nthen on Bull Street, at about Liberty was the old Savannah Theater. I'm sure\neverybody has always ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/92608/file/188620#t=1710.0,1740.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/92608/file/188620/transcript/43886/annotation/59","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"heard the story about the days of the old Savannah Theater\nwas owned by Weis family. And at one time Charles Coburn, who was a famous\nactor, did a stint as an usher at that theater. Of course, the Savannah Theater,\nin my memory, my Bubby and my Zady, I have been with them and in many ways this\nis the way that they learned to speak English. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/92608/file/188620#t=1740.0,1770.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/92608/file/188620/transcript/43886/annotation/60","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"What little English they spoke\nwas going to the movies. I mean, that's an odd thought, but I think it's interesting.\n\nMEYERHOFF: How much was the movie theater then?\n\nULLMAN: About like 20, I think.\n\nMEYERHOFF: And what year are you talking about?\n\nULLMAN: Um, in the 1930's. 1931, 1932. That was the days of the Depression.\n\nMEYERHOFF: Where did you live in Savannah at that ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/92608/file/188620#t=1770.0,1800.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/92608/file/188620/transcript/43886/annotation/61","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"time?\n\nULLMAN: Well, I was in Bluffton at that time. But, naturally, coming to town\nhere during the week on Sundays, and so forth, I mean you, it was like, you knew\nwhat was going on in Savannah. You kept up with the family.\n\nMEYERHOFF: Now, you had a family car and you drove to Savannah?\n\nULLMAN: Right. Because my father would come to Savannah on business. But at one time there was no road to Savannah, ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/92608/file/188620#t=1800.0,1830.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/92608/file/188620/transcript/43886/annotation/62","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and Bluffton was served by a steamer. It was very thrilling. The steamer came from Savannah to Bluffton twice a week, and the wholesalers like the grocers and the dry goods wholesalers and so forth, would ship the merchandise by steamer to the various . . .\n\nMEYERHOFF: Side two. All right. Let's pick up, going back to Ridgeland after WWII, ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/92608/file/188620#t=1830.0,1860.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/92608/file/188620/transcript/43886/annotation/63","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"1946.\nTell me what you can remember there.\n\nULLMAN: Well, I had always had a feeling, being the firstborn American from my\nfamily, I mean being born in the United States, and there is always a family\nthat always had an appreciation of being in America and what had happened in\ntheir lives, and I suppose that I ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/92608/file/188620#t=1860.0,1890.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/92608/file/188620/transcript/43886/annotation/64","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"was more or less, inspired to be a good\ncitizen. So, as a result, when I came home from WWII and when Harriet and I were\nmarried and were in Ridgeland, South Carolina, in business, I sort of felt like\nthat being a part of a community was not just living there and having a business\nand earning your living there was part of being a part of the ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/92608/file/188620#t=1890.0,1920.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/92608/file/188620/transcript/43886/annotation/65","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"community. So, I\nguess it just naturally started that I had joined Rose and Junior Chamber of\nCommerce, and having attended the meetings and being inspired, and so forth, for\ndoing civic work, I guess it just naturally it followed that I became more\ninvolved in other organizations. At that particular time the town that I lived\nin, Ridgeland, had not made very much ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/92608/file/188620#t=1920.0,1950.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/92608/file/188620/transcript/43886/annotation/66","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"progress. There was some progress during\nWWII but there really wasn't much happening. I just sort of had the idea that I\nwanted to get some things moving, so I began making telephone calls. I would be\ngoing to New York on business trips because I was in the dry goods business and\ntalking to people at that particular time the manufacturers in New ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/92608/file/188620#t=1950.0,1980.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/92608/file/188620/transcript/43886/annotation/67","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"York were\ncoming down South. What I had had in mind was to have some sort of industry for\nthe town. But as it turned out, there was a vacant building, a pretty large\nvacant building and I, on my own, using my own finances, had gone first to\nPhiladelphia and there was a manufacturing company ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/92608/file/188620#t=1980.0,2010.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/92608/file/188620/transcript/43886/annotation/68","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"there and almost convinced\nthem to come down to Ridgeland and open a plant, but that didn't work out.\nEventually, about 1949 or '48, we made contact with the Serby Brothers and they\ndid come down to Ridgeland and open the factory and, in just a couple of years,\nthere were several ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/92608/file/188620#t=2010.0,2040.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/92608/file/188620/transcript/43886/annotation/69","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"hundred women who ordinarily may have been . . . somewhere,\nbut who were busily working on this factory, in the garment factory. It was very\ninteresting to see in that small way, um, how any type of industry is so\nintegral to a community, even a small community like that. So, from there on\nout, we, and I say we because before it was over I had encouraged some of the\nother ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/92608/file/188620#t=2040.0,2070.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/92608/file/188620/transcript/43886/annotation/70","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"people and we formed a development board, both the county and the town put\nin a certain amount of money for advertising and whatever, and so, from there\non, we were able to, I say we because I am not certainly claiming that we were,\nI say that we were responsible for at least moving the town forward a little\nbit.So, ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/92608/file/188620#t=2070.0,2100.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/92608/file/188620/transcript/43886/annotation/71","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I think about 1950, maybe, politics were pretty rotten and I was\napproached by a group of citizens to run for Mayor. I wasn't really, at that\npoint I was still fairly young and raising a family, but I thought it was my\ncivic responsibility to do ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/92608/file/188620#t=2100.0,2130.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/92608/file/188620/transcript/43886/annotation/72","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"it. So, I did. The first time that I ran I was\nelected. Subsequently, I was elected three other times as the mayor. And as the\nMayor, it gave me leeway to be able to try to do more for the town and we made\nquite a few improvements and so forth, and that's the way it evolved until\nabout, I think it was ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/92608/file/188620#t=2130.0,2160.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/92608/file/188620/transcript/43886/annotation/73","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"1960 and our children were young, they were boys, and we\nwere thinking in terms of Jewish commitment, bar mitzvah, etc. and the fact that\nHarriet's family, the Birnbaum family, were all in Savannah and her mother\nwasn't getting any younger. So, we decided to make a move, probably at a\ndetriment because we had a fairly decent business going. So, we moved to\nSavannah and from there on out, ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/92608/file/188620#t=2160.0,2190.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/92608/file/188620/transcript/43886/annotation/74","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"my work was, more or less, different things in\nSavannah. For a while I sold investments. I worked briefly for the Tenenbaums at\nChatham. I sold investments and then I wound up being the store manager for Seal\n\u0026 Sons until I retired.\n\nMEYERHOFF: I find it interesting that you were elected ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/92608/file/188620#t=2190.0,2220.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/92608/file/188620/transcript/43886/annotation/75","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Mayor at that time in a\nsmall rural area as a Jewish man. I think it is fascinating to me that you were\n. . .\n\nULLMAN: I would like to tell you about one particular, as you talk, at that time\nthe Ku Klux Klan was very active. I was always a member of B'nai B'rith in\nSavannah. In fact, I would drive a round trip of 100 miles on a night after\nclosing my ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/92608/file/188620#t=2220.0,2250.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/92608/file/188620/transcript/43886/annotation/76","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"store in Ridgeland to come to the B'nai B'rith meeting. I was so\nfascinated because I, having been raised as a country boy, because you had\npeople sit there and complain because they were asked to do a certain chore or\nwhatever for the B'nai B'rith organization. And in the meantime, I hadn't even\nthought about this, I was doing some sort of underground work with the\nAnti-Defamation League in ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/92608/file/188620#t=2250.0,2280.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/92608/file/188620/transcript/43886/annotation/77","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Atlanta. And, at that time, Bill Wexler who was then\nthe National President of B'nai B'rith, had approached me and told me that . . .\nI felt it my responsibility there was not an antisemitism, and the Ku Klux Klan\nwere meeting in the small towns. I said sure, whatever I could do. So, as it\nturned out, I began attending the Ku Klux Klan ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/92608/file/188620#t=2280.0,2310.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/92608/file/188620/transcript/43886/annotation/78","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"meetings and taking license\nnumbers and the tags were from Mississippi, Alabama, and they would go out on\nthe edge of town and burn a cross and have a big meeting with their hoods. About\n19 . . .\n\nMEYERHOFF: You went to meetings, KKK meetings, as a Jewish man and they knew you\nwere Jewish?\n\nULLMAN: Right.\n\nMEYERHOFF: What was the feeling? The ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/92608/file/188620#t=2310.0,2340.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/92608/file/188620/transcript/43886/annotation/79","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"tone there?\n\nULLMAN: The meetings were around where I lived, but I also attended meetings in\nother areas where they did not know me. So I was like, and then I would take\nnotes and send them to Atlanta to the Anti-Defamation League, about who was\nattending, from where. And they followed up on some of the leads of people that\nI took notes and they found out ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/92608/file/188620#t=2340.0,2370.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/92608/file/188620/transcript/43886/annotation/80","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that these were people who were prominent\nlawyers in Columbia, South Carolina, or wherever, and were attending the\nmeetings. I was, subsequently, threatened, threatened my family by a member of\nthe Ku Klux Klan who called me a Jew and said that, \"You continue your\nactivities and we're going to get you.\"\n\nMEYERHOFF: And how did that make you feel?\n\nULLMAN: Well, it didn't stop me ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/92608/file/188620#t=2370.0,2400.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/92608/file/188620/transcript/43886/annotation/81","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"from my activities and as long as I lived, you\nknow, in South Carolina, I continued. Then when I moved to Savannah, I became\ninvolved with the civil rights movement and my assignment came from the\nAnti-Defamation League, was to sort of go around town and, it so happened that I\nworked for the Tenenbaums at that time and Albert Tenenbaum, who ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/92608/file/188620#t=2400.0,2430.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/92608/file/188620/transcript/43886/annotation/82","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"was Bill Wexler\nhad married into the Levy family, and it was sort of a known fact that even\nthough I worked for them, there were certain times of the day or whatever, when\nsome of the activities were going on, I would go up on Broughton Street and, at\none point, in the year of 1961, I was standing on the corner of Broughton and\nBarnard Streets, when the sit-ins ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/92608/file/188620#t=2430.0,2460.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/92608/file/188620/transcript/43886/annotation/83","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"were going on over at Kress' which is there. I\nwas standing there talking to Dan Rather and, you know, we were saying that, you\nknow, one of these days this is all going to be history. Now that I think about,\nyou know, it was history. So, there again, referring back to my . . .\n\nMEYERHOFF: Dan Rather was sent here?\n\nULLMAN: As a CBS correspondent, yes. So, there again, going back to my civic\nduties, and I really supported because, what you brought out before\nabout having ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/92608/file/188620#t=2460.0,2490.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/92608/file/188620/transcript/43886/annotation/84","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"been Jewish in a small town and realizing, not only as far as the\nblack people were concerned, but there was still a lot of antisemitism among\nJews. I supported EMA. A good feeling to continue on along those lines as long\nas the situation warranted. But then, you know, things, as far as civil rights\nactivities were concerned, I guess I just sort of died out.\n\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/92608/file/188620#t=2490.0,2520.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/92608/file/188620/transcript/43886/annotation/85","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"MEYERHOFF: So, um, the rural area of Ridgeland accepted you and they also accepted...\n\nULLMAN: As a person.\n\nMEYERHOFF: As a person and . . .\n\nULLMAN: Because they knew me.\n\nMEYERHOFF: And, well, how did they accept the Serbys who had just moved from...\n\nULLMAN: Well, that was a different story. The Serbys were from New York and part\nof my, part of my duty was to advise ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/92608/file/188620#t=2520.0,2550.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/92608/file/188620/transcript/43886/annotation/86","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"them, coming to a small Southern town, from\nNew York, as to what would be the right move and the wrong move as far as the\nlocal community. So, there again, they needed advice. They had no experience\nabout being in business and I was actually in business in a small Southern town.\n\nMEYERHOFF: They also experienced ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/92608/file/188620#t=2550.0,2580.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/92608/file/188620/transcript/43886/annotation/87","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"segregation for the first time.\n\nULLMAN: Right. Right. That's true. Yeah. Really, what it amounted to, I was\nadvising them how to conduct their business in a small Southern town.\n\nMEYERHOFF: Did the family live in Savannah or did they stay...\n\nULLMAN: At first Herman Serby and his wife, Mary, lived in Ridgeland. But it\nsort of got too much, I mean, they moved to Savannah and Herman Serby ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/92608/file/188620#t=2580.0,2610.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/92608/file/188620/transcript/43886/annotation/88","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"commuted\nback and forth to the plant in Ridgeland. They just weren't used to it.\n\nMEYERHOFF: I hear stories of the Jews in country towns observing the holidays\nand coming into Savannah.\n\nULLMAN: Right.\n\nMEYERHOFF: Now do you think that, did we lose many Jewish families?\n\nULLMAN: No. I was respected in my particular situation because even if Rosh\nHashanah was a Friday and a Saturday, as it turned out that particular ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/92608/file/188620#t=2610.0,2640.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/92608/file/188620/transcript/43886/annotation/89","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"year, it\nwas very well known that my business would be closed and, more than likely, any\nof my customers who ordinarily would have come during the two days for the Rosh\nHashanah we were closed, would come during the week and tell me, you know, we\nknew that it was your holiday. So, it was sort of a dual situation of accepting,\nI say, ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/92608/file/188620#t=2640.0,2670.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/92608/file/188620/transcript/43886/annotation/90","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"me and my wife, Harriet, and my children as persons, but then there was\nthis whole concept about antisemitism in contrast to the bad hype situation. As\nthe Mayor of Ridgeland, in those days there was a black school and a white\nschool, in the 1950's. Naturally, the white school was more, better books, and\nso forth. The black ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/92608/file/188620#t=2670.0,2700.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/92608/file/188620/transcript/43886/annotation/91","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"school was out on the edge of town. It so happened that one\nof the principals of the black school, this was back about 1955 or 1956 and I\nthink I had not been the mayor too long, came one day and told me that he was\ngoing to do an unusual thing and he wanted me to help him. I said, you know,\n\"What is that?\" Because I had sort of worked with him on various projects for\nthe school, black school. He said, \"I'm going ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/92608/file/188620#t=2700.0,2730.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/92608/file/188620/transcript/43886/annotation/92","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"to ask you to address my\ngraduating class this June,\" that was like April or May, and he said, \"It will\nbe the first time that a white person has addressed our black graduating class.\"\n\nMEYERHOFF: What year was this?\n\nULLMAN: About 1955, 1956. I had just been elected Mayor. So, I did. I went out\nand addressed the class and I ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/92608/file/188620#t=2730.0,2760.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/92608/file/188620/transcript/43886/annotation/93","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"thought did a pretty good job. The next morning,\nyou know we went by the Post Office that was the center of town, before you went\nto work. I go into the Post Office, and someone said, \"There's our Jewish Mayor.\nHe was out at the, I won't say, school, black school last night and he addressed\nthe graduating class. What do you think about that?\" I said, \"To be honest with\nyou, I was pretty damn proud to do that.\" ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/92608/file/188620#t=2760.0,2790.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/92608/file/188620/transcript/43886/annotation/94","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And I got by with that, you know, and\nthen, so it was, it was all part of being where we were. When in Rome, do as the\nRomans do.\n\nMEYERHOFF: Well, Albert, I think it's fascinating that you did not have any\ntrouble with your family, or with the house, again, with your civil rights\ninvolvement and being Jewish in Ridgeland in that time, in the early ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/92608/file/188620#t=2790.0,2820.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/92608/file/188620/transcript/43886/annotation/95","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"1950's.\n\nULLMAN: Yeah.\n\nMEYERHOFF: I notice you're wearing a military bracelet. Why don't you tell me\nabout that.\n\nULLMAN: Oh, that's a parachute wings. When I went into the Army I volunteered\nfor the Paratroops. They had, they were beginning a unit in Fort Benning,\nGeorgia, that was in 1943. I volunteered. It was pretty rough duty and everybody\nknew it. My mother had pleaded with me to ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/92608/file/188620#t=2820.0,2850.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/92608/file/188620/transcript/43886/annotation/96","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"please, not do that. But, there again,\nI felt so strong about, here I was first generation and we were being threatened\nand you know, so that's what I did. Thank God, I did my thing and came home\nafter three years.\n\nMEYERHOFF: How many times did you jump?\n\nULLMAN: About 16. No big deal. I wasn't the only one, you know, but I've often\nsaid that it is ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/92608/file/188620#t=2850.0,2880.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/92608/file/188620/transcript/43886/annotation/97","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"something that I wouldn't do for a million dollars, but I\nwouldn't take a million dollars for having done it. I mean I can feel like, with\nsociety deteriorating around us, what's going on, I still feel like there's a\nlot of people that, good people, and honest and - I met two people today, two\nChristian people today, that sort of restored my faith in what this country's\nall ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/92608/file/188620#t=2880.0,2910.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/92608/file/188620/transcript/43886/annotation/98","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"about. Just going out on the edge of town, this is what I do, I've done some\nvolunteer work around the JEA with . . . taking them to the doctor, and so\nforth, but I just like, I enjoy people, but I met two Christian people today\nthat to me are the epitome of what this country's all about.\n\nMEYERHOFF: And what happened?\n\nULLMAN: Well, they were just plain nice people. Nice to talk to. It made me feel\ngood because when we were through ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/92608/file/188620#t=2910.0,2940.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/92608/file/188620/transcript/43886/annotation/99","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"talking, and so forth, I said, \"I want to ask\nyou a question. Have you ever had any doings with Jewish people?\" \"Oh, yeah,\nwe've done business with Jewish people all of our lives, our father, and this,\nthat and the other.\" It was just such a good, warm feeling, you know, to meet\nsomebody like that.\n\nMEYERHOFF: Your daughter, Susan, lives here.\n\nULLMAN: Yeah. She's married to Frank Slotin.\n\nMEYERHOFF: And he is from?\n\nULLMAN: Augusta [Georgia].\n\nMEYERHOFF: And he, what profession is he in?\n\nULLMAN: He's a CPA [certified public accountant]. With the firm of ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/92608/file/188620#t=2940.0,2970.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/92608/file/188620/transcript/43886/annotation/100","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Hancock, Askew.\n\nMEYERHOFF: And you have two wonderful grandchildren. Tell me their names.\n\nULLMAN: Sam and Hannah. And, there again, it's just a . . . to realize and I've\nsaid it about the federation and the Jewish Education Alliance, that I don't\nthink that the people of Savannah realize how fortunate they are that they offer\nthe programs that they do for the children, ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/92608/file/188620#t=2970.0,3000.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/92608/file/188620/transcript/43886/annotation/101","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"as well as for the adults, that it's\njust something that I never had in my childhood, but that I am so proud that,\nspeaking of my grandchildren, that it's available to my grandchildren. That they\nwill be raised in the Savannah Jewish community. I guess that about says it all.\n\nMEYERHOFF: Well, thank you so much. It's been very interesting.\n\nULLMAN: My pleasure.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/92608/file/188620#t=3000.0,3030.0"}]},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/92608/file/188620/annotation_set/1050","type":"AnnotationPage","label":{"en":["Annotations [Transcript]"]},"items":[{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/92608/file/188620/annotation_set/1050/annotation/102","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eAlbert Jacob Ullman (d. June 13, 2008) was born in Brooklyn, New York, and grew up in Savannah, Georgia. He attended Benedictine Military School, Ridgeland High School, and attended The Citadel for two years. Ullman served in the 11th Airborne Division assigned to the 511th Parachute Infantry Regiment as a medic in the South Pacific during World War II. He served from 1942-1946. He served as the Mayor of Ridgeland, South Carolina for four terms. Ullman was a member of Congregation Agudath Achim in Savannah. He owned and operated Ullman’s Department Store in Ridgeland, later worked for Chatham Steel, and retired as manager of Segall and Sons Department Store. \u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/92608/file/188620#t=0.0,30.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/92608/file/188620/annotation_set/1050/annotation/103","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eWorld War II (abbreviated WWII or WW2) was a global war involving fighting in most of the world and most countries. Most countries fought in the years 1939–1945 but some started fighting in 1937. Most of the world's countries, including all the great powers, fought as part of two military alliances: the Allies and the Axis Powers. World War II was the largest and deadliest conflict in all of history. It involved more countries, cost more money, involved more people, and killed more people than any other war in history. Between 50 to 85 million people died. The majority were civilians. It included massacres, the deliberate genocide of the Holocaust, strategic bombing, starvation, disease, and the only use of nuclear weapons against civilians in history.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/92608/file/188620#t=30.0,60.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/92608/file/188620/annotation_set/1050/annotation/104","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eSavannah is the oldest city in the state of Georgia and is the county seat of Chatham County. Established in 1733 on the Savannah River, the city of Savannah became the British colonial capital of the Province of Georgia and later the first state capital of Georgia. Today, Savannah is an industrial center and an important Atlantic seaport.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/92608/file/188620#t=30.0,60.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/92608/file/188620/annotation_set/1050/annotation/105","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eKobryn or Kobrin is a city in Brest Region, Belarus, and the administrative center of Kobryn District. The city is located in the southwestern corner of Belarus, where the Mukhavets river and Dnieper-Bug Canal meet. \u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/92608/file/188620#t=60.0,90.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/92608/file/188620/annotation_set/1050/annotation/106","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eRidgeland is a town in Jasper and Beaufort counties, South Carolina. \u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/92608/file/188620#t=90.0,120.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/92608/file/188620/annotation_set/1050/annotation/107","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eNew York, often called New York State, is a state in the Northeastern United States. It is the fourth-most populous state in the US. \u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/92608/file/188620#t=210.0,240.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/92608/file/188620/annotation_set/1050/annotation/108","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eBrooklyn is the most-populous borough of New York city.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/92608/file/188620#t=210.0,240.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/92608/file/188620/annotation_set/1050/annotation/109","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eBluffton is a town in southern Beaufort County, South Carolina. \u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/92608/file/188620#t=240.0,270.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/92608/file/188620/annotation_set/1050/annotation/110","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eAntisemitism is prejudice against, hostility to, or hatred of Jews.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/92608/file/188620#t=300.0,330.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/92608/file/188620/annotation_set/1050/annotation/111","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eU.S. Highway 17 (US 17) is a 221.454-mile north-south Unites States Numbered Highway in South Carolina near the Atlantic Ocean. The highway enters the state from Georgia at the Savannah River and serves Hardeeville, Charleston, Georgetown, and Myrtle Beach, before entering North Carolina near Calabash.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/92608/file/188620#t=390.0,420.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/92608/file/188620/annotation_set/1050/annotation/112","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe Citadel, The Military College of Couth Carolina, commonly known as The Citadel, is a public senior military college in Charleston, South Carolina. Established in 1842, it is one of six senior military colleges in the United States. \u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/92608/file/188620#t=390.0,420.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/92608/file/188620/annotation_set/1050/annotation/113","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eCharleston is the largest city in South Carolina and is the county sear of Charleston County. The city lies just south of the geographical midpoint of South Carolina’s coastline on Charleston Harbor.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/92608/file/188620#t=390.0,420.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/92608/file/188620/annotation_set/1050/annotation/114","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eA paratrooper is a military parachutist, or someone trained to parachute into a military operation, and usually functioning as part of an airborne force. Military parachutists and parachutes were first used on a large-scale during World War II for troop distribution and transportation. Paratroopers are often used in surprise attacks, to seize strategic objectives such as airfields or bridges.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/92608/file/188620#t=420.0,450.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/92608/file/188620/annotation_set/1050/annotation/115","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe pacific Islands are a group of islands in the Pacific Ocean. They are further categorized into three major island groups: Melanesia, Micronesia, and Polynesia. Depending on the context, the term Pacific Islands may refer to one of several concepts: (1) those countries and islands with common Austronesian origins, (2) the islands once or currently colonized, or (3) the geographical region of Oceania. \u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/92608/file/188620#t=450.0,480.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/92608/file/188620/annotation_set/1050/annotation/116","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eNew Guinea is the world’s second-largest island located in Oceania in the southwestern Pacific Ocean. The island is separated from Australia by the 150-kilometre-wide Torres Strait. The eastern half of the island is the major land mass of the independent state of Papua New Guinea. The western half, known as Western New Guinea, forms a part of Indonesia and is organized as the provinces of Papua, Central Papua, Highland Papua, South Papua, Southwest Papua, and West Papua. \u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/92608/file/188620#t=450.0,480.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/92608/file/188620/annotation_set/1050/annotation/117","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe Philippines, officially the Republic of the Philippines, is an archipelagic country in Southeast Asia, In the western Pacific Ocean, it consists of 7,641 islands which are broadly categorized in three main geographical divisions from north to south: Luzon, Visayas, and Mindanao. The Philippines is bounded by the South China Sea to the west, the Philippine Sea to the east, and the Celebes Sea to the South. \u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/92608/file/188620#t=450.0,480.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/92608/file/188620/annotation_set/1050/annotation/118","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe atomic bomb was dropped on Hiroshima, Japan on August 6, 1945. Nagasaki, Japan was bombed on August 9, 1945. Japan surrendered on August 15, 1945.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/92608/file/188620#t=450.0,480.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/92608/file/188620/annotation_set/1050/annotation/119","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe Savannah Jewish Federation (SJF) is the local affiliate of the Jewish Federations of North America (JFNA) covering coastal Georgia (Savannah and Brunswick) and the southern part of the South Carolina lowcountry (Hilton Head Island and Bluffton). Previously known as the Savannah Jewish Council, it is dedicated to preserving and enriching Jewish life in the area, while also keeping identification with the State of Israel.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/92608/file/188620#t=480.0,510.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/92608/file/188620/annotation_set/1050/annotation/120","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eAleph Zadik Aleph (AZA) is an international youth-led fraternal organization for Jewish teenage boys. Its sister organization for teenage girls is B'nai B'rith Girls (BBG). B'nai B'rith Youth Organization, now BBYO, is an umbrella organization including Jewish teens in both AZA and BBG.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/92608/file/188620#t=510.0,540.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/92608/file/188620/annotation_set/1050/annotation/121","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eTauck is an operator of guided tours and cruises. The company is owned and operated by the Tauck family and is based in Wilton, Connecticut.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/92608/file/188620#t=600.0,630.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/92608/file/188620/annotation_set/1050/annotation/122","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eBrockington Hall is a historic 19th century Classic Italianate villa-styled mansion with the grand parlor and main floor converted into sitting rooms and ballroom in a traditional 19th century décor. The hall is located in Savannah’s Historic District.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/92608/file/188620#t=630.0,660.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/92608/file/188620/annotation_set/1050/annotation/123","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eA bar mitzvah\u003c/em\u003e [Hebrew: son of commandments; plural:\u003cem\u003e b’nai mitzvah\u003c/em\u003e] is a rite of passage for Jewish boys aged 13 years and one day. At that time, a Jewish boy is considered a responsible adult for most religious purposes. He is now duty-bound to keep the commandments, he puts on \u003cem\u003etefillin\u003c/em\u003e, and may be counted to the \u003cem\u003eminyan \u003c/em\u003equorum for public worship. He celebrates the \u003cem\u003ebar mitzvah\u003c/em\u003e by being called up to the reading of the Torah in the synagogue, usually on the next available Sabbath after his Hebrew birthday.  \u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/92608/file/188620#t=690.0,720.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/92608/file/188620/annotation_set/1050/annotation/124","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eHebrew for “daughter of commandments.” A rite of passage for Jewish girls aged 12 years and one day according to her Hebrew birthday. Many girls have their\u003cem\u003e bat mitzvah\u003c/em\u003e around age 13, the same as boys who have their \u003cem\u003ebar mitzvah\u003c/em\u003e at that age. The\u003cem\u003e bat mitzvah\u003c/em\u003e girl is now duty bound to keep the commandments. Synagogue ceremonies are held for \u003cem\u003ebat mitzvah\u003c/em\u003e girls in Reform and Conservative communities, but it has not won the approval of Orthodox rabbis.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/92608/file/188620#t=690.0,720.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/92608/file/188620/annotation_set/1050/annotation/125","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eCongregation B'nai B'rith Jacob (also known as \"BBJ\" or \"BB Jacob\") is the Orthodox synagogue in Savannah, Georgia. It was founded in 1861 by Eastern European immigrants. The current rabbi, as of 2022, is Avigdor Slatus, who has led the congregation since 1981.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/92608/file/188620#t=780.0,810.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/92608/file/188620/annotation_set/1050/annotation/126","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eKashrut is a set of dietary laws dealing with the foods that Jews are permitted to eat and how those foods must be prepared according to Jewish law. Food that may be consumed is deemed kosher, from the Ashkenazi pronunciation of the Hebrew term kashér, meaning \"fit\" (in this context, \"fit for consumption\"). In colloquial English, kosher often means \"legitimate,\" \"acceptable,\" \"permissible,\" \"genuine,\" or \"authentic.\"\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/92608/file/188620#t=780.0,810.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/92608/file/188620/annotation_set/1050/annotation/127","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eEllis Island is an island located in New York Harbor, that is situated between New York and New Jersey. It is owned by the United States government and was the busiest immigrant inspection and processing station in the United States from 1892-1954. Today it is part of the Statue of Liberty National Monument and is now a national museum on immigration.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/92608/file/188620#t=870.0,900.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/92608/file/188620/annotation_set/1050/annotation/128","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eHardeeville is a city in Jasper and Beaufort counties in South Caroline. For many years, Hardeeville called itself the “Lowcountry Host” due to the prevalence of lodging and traveler-oriented facilities along US Highway 17 and later Interstate 95.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/92608/file/188620#t=1080.0,1110.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/92608/file/188620/annotation_set/1050/annotation/129","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eMary Weitz Friedman (September 6, 1931 – February 5, 2019) was a Savannah native who attended Savannah High School and Armstrong Junior College. She married her childhood sweetheart, Erwin “Ernie” Friedman in September 1951 and was happily married for 62 years. Mary was an active community member and volunteered at several organizations in Savannah, Georgia, including her congregation, Agudath Achim. \u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/92608/file/188620#t=1110.0,1140.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/92608/file/188620/annotation_set/1050/annotation/130","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eClemson University is a public land-grant research university in Clemson, South Carolina. Founded in 1889, Clemson is the second-largest university by enrollment in South Carolina. \u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/92608/file/188620#t=1170.0,1200.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/92608/file/188620/annotation_set/1050/annotation/131","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eErwin A. “Ernie” Friedman (February 11, 1931 – March 7, 2014) was a Savannah native and a graduate of Armstrong Jr. College and the University of Pennsylvania. Friedman graduated first in his class from Emory University School of Law and had additional training in tax law at New York University. Friedman married hi childhood sweetheart, Mary Weitz, in 1951. They were married for 62 years and had two children. He founded the law firm Friedman, Haslam, \u0026amp; Weiner and later began a second career in real estate development, which included the development of Georgetown. Friedman was President of Congregation Agudath Achim for three years and spearheaded the fundraising and construction of the current building. He was president of the Savannah Jewish Federation and served on the board of the Jewish Educational Alliance. He served as Chairman of the Board to Georgia’s Board of Regents and served on the Southern Education Foundation for 18 years. Friedman earned the Silver Beaver award for his work on building Camp Blue Heron and was awarded the Outstanding Alumni of the Year at Armstrong State College. \u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/92608/file/188620#t=1410.0,1440.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/92608/file/188620/annotation_set/1050/annotation/132","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eBull Street is a major street in Savannah, Georgia. Named for Colonel William, Bull (1683-1755), it runs from Bay Street in the north to Derenne Avenue in the south. It is the center of a National Historic Landmark District. \u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/92608/file/188620#t=1530.0,1560.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/92608/file/188620/annotation_set/1050/annotation/133","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eVictory Drive is a street that extends approximately 4.5 miles from the Ogeechee Road intersection in western Savannah, Georgia to the central part of Thunderbolt, where it ends. The road was proposed as a military memorial boulevard in October 1919 by City Engineer William O.D. Rockwell.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/92608/file/188620#t=1560.0,1590.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/92608/file/188620/annotation_set/1050/annotation/134","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eBroughton Street is a prominent street in Savannah, Georgia. Located between Congress Street to the north and State Street to the south, it runs for about 0.75 miles from Martin Luther King Jr. Boulevard in the west to East Broad Street in the east. The street is entirely within Savannah Historic District, a National Historic Landmark District. \u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/92608/file/188620#t=1560.0,1590.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/92608/file/188620/annotation_set/1050/annotation/135","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eHabersham Street is another prominent street in Savannah Georgia. The street is named from merchant and statesman James Habersham. Its northern section passes through the Savannah Historic District. \u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/92608/file/188620#t=1590.0,1620.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/92608/file/188620/annotation_set/1050/annotation/136","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eLeopold’s Ice Cream is an ice cream parlor located in Savannah, Georgia. It was founded in 1919 by two Greek-Immigrant brothers, George and Peter Leopold, who had moved to Savannah from Indiana. The business was closed by current co-owner Stratton Leopold in 1969. Leopold reopened it at a new location 35 years later with his wife. Leopold’s original location, Leopold’s Purest Ice Cream, was at the northeastern corner of East Gwinnett Street and Habersham Street. \u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/92608/file/188620#t=1590.0,1620.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/92608/file/188620/annotation_set/1050/annotation/137","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eIsle of Hope is a census-designated place in Chatham County, Georgia. The island is one of the most affluent communities in the state and is well known for its historic plantations and exclusive waterfront properties. \u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/92608/file/188620#t=1620.0,1650.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/92608/file/188620/annotation_set/1050/annotation/138","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe Barbee family had a pavilion on Isle of Hope called Barbee’s Pavilion. \u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/92608/file/188620#t=1620.0,1650.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/92608/file/188620/annotation_set/1050/annotation/139","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe Jewish Educational Alliance (JEA) is the name of Savannah, Georgia's Jewish Community Center. It was founded in 1912 and continues to serve the Jewish and general communities in Savannah today.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/92608/file/188620#t=1650.0,1680.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/92608/file/188620/annotation_set/1050/annotation/140","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe Bijou Theater was opened December 25, 1909. BY 1926, it was operated by Wilmer \u0026amp; Vincent Corp. It was later owned by Lucas Theater. The Theater closed by 1955. \u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/92608/file/188620#t=1710.0,1740.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/92608/file/188620/annotation_set/1050/annotation/141","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe Arcadia Theater was opened in late 1911 in Savannah, Georgia. Later renamed the Roxy Theater in 1941, the theater was owned by the Weis family, who also owned the Savannah Theater and the East Side Theater in Savannah as well as the Bibb Theater in Macon, Georgia. The Roxy was demolished in 1954 and a Woolworth’s was built on the site. \u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/92608/file/188620#t=1710.0,1740.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/92608/file/188620/annotation_set/1050/annotation/142","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe Savannah Theater, first opened in 1818 and located on Chippewa Square in Savannah, Georgia, is one of the United States’ oldest continually operating theaters. The structure has been both a live performance venue and a movie theater. Since 2002, the theater has hosted regular performances of a variety of shoes, primarily music revues. \u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/92608/file/188620#t=1710.0,1740.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/92608/file/188620/annotation_set/1050/annotation/143","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eCharles Douville Coburn (June 19-1877-August 30, 1961) was an American actor and theatrical producer. He was nominated for a Best Supporting Actor Academy Award three times, winning for his performance in \u003cem\u003eThe More the Merrier\u003c/em\u003e (1943). \u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/92608/file/188620#t=1740.0,1770.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/92608/file/188620/annotation_set/1050/annotation/144","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe Great Depression was a severe worldwide economic depression in the decade preceding World War II. The time of the Great Depression varied across nations, but in most countries it started in about 1929, when the American stock market crashed, and lasted until the late 1930s or early 1940s. It was the longest, most widespread, and deepest depression of the twentieth century. The Great Depression is often seen as the major turning point in 20th-century world history. In Europe, World War I had a long-term impact on the economy and financial stability. Postwar inflation spiraled into hyperinflation by the 1920’s and European banks struggled to stay open. Exasperating the situation were skyrocketing unemployment rates. The Great Depression had immediately visible political and social ramifications in Europe, including increased antisemitism and nationalism.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/92608/file/188620#t=1770.0,1800.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/92608/file/188620/annotation_set/1050/annotation/145","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe United States Junior Chamber, also known as the Jaycees, JCs, or JCI USA, is a leadership training service organization and civic organization for people between the ages of 18and 40. It is a branch of Junior Chamber International (JCI). Areas of emphasis are business development, management skills, individual training, community service, and international connections. Established as the United States Junior Chamber of Commerce on January 21, 1920, it provided opportunities for young men to develop personal and leadership skills through service to others. The Jaycees later expanded to include women after the US Supreme Court ruled in the 1984 case \u003cem\u003eRoberts vs United States Jaycees\u003c/em\u003e that Minnesota could prohibit sex discrimination in private organizations.  \u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/92608/file/188620#t=1920.0,1950.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/92608/file/188620/annotation_set/1050/annotation/146","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe Ku Klux Klan (or “Knights of the Ku Klux Klan” today) is a white supremacist, white nationalist, anti-immigration, anti-Jewish, anti-Catholic, anti-Black secret society, whose methods have included terrorism and murder. It was founded in the South in the 1860s and then died out and come back several times, most notably in the 1920s when membership soared again, and then again in the 1960s during the civil rights era. When the Klan was re-founded in 1915 in Georgia, the event was marked by a cross burning on Stone Mountain. In the past it members dressed up in white robes and a pointed hat designed to hide their identity and to terrify. It is still in existence.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/92608/file/188620#t=2220.0,2250.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/92608/file/188620/annotation_set/1050/annotation/147","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eB'nai B'rith International (Hebrew: “Children of the Covenant”) is the oldest Jewish service organization in the world. B'nai B'rith states that it is committed to the security and continuity of the Jewish people and the State of Israel and combating antisemitism and bigotry. Its mission is to unite persons of the Jewish faith and to enhance Jewish identity through strengthening Jewish family life, to provide broad-based services for the benefit of senior citizens, and to facilitate advocacy and action on behalf of Jews throughout the world.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/92608/file/188620#t=2220.0,2250.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/92608/file/188620/annotation_set/1050/annotation/148","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe Anti-Defamation League (ADL) was founded in 1913 “to stop the defamation of the Jewish people and to secure justice and fair treatment to all.” ADL fights antisemitism and all forms of bigotry, defends democratic ideals, and protects civil rights.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/92608/file/188620#t=2250.0,2280.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/92608/file/188620/annotation_set/1050/annotation/149","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eDr. William A. “Bill” Wexler was a native of Toledo, Ohio, where he graduated from the University of Toledo. He later moved to Memphis, Tennessee to attend the Southern College of Optometry. He moved to Savannah, Georgia after marrying Dorothy Levy (1911-1969). Bill and Dorothy Wexler had three children; Dr. Allan Victor Wexler (1938-2006), Col. Edward Irwin Wexler (b. 1946), and Dr. Raymond H. Wexler (b. 1953). He practiced optometry for over 30 years in Savannah. During those years he was a leader of many Jewish organizations including B’nai B’rith, United Jewish Appeal, and the Savannah Jewish Federation. Most notably, he served as international president of B’nai B’rith from 1965 to 1971. He was an alderman known for his civil rights and humanitarian acts and was an informal advisor to several presidents, prime ministers, and religious leaders around the world. Also, in 1972, he became a founding member of both the “Democrats for Nixon” and the “National Jewish Committee for Nixon,” organizing and campaigning for the re-election of President Richard M. Nixon. After his term as President ended, he retired to Israel, where he married Dr. Osnat Itelson (b. 1939), an obstetrician and officer in the Israel Defense Forces. He had two children with his second wife, twins Tamir and Keren (b. 1974). He died in Israel on November 30, 2000.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/92608/file/188620#t=2280.0,2310.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/92608/file/188620/annotation_set/1050/annotation/150","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe Kress operated as a popular five and dime store in Savannah, Georgia from 1923 through 1997. It was started by Samuel H Kress as the S H Kress Company. The building still remains a very well-known landmark in Savannah. \u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/92608/file/188620#t=2460.0,2490.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/92608/file/188620/annotation_set/1050/annotation/151","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eDaniel Irving Rather Jr. (b. October 31, 1931) is an American journalist, commentator, and former national evening news anchor. Rather began his career in Texas, becoming a national name after his reporting saved thousands of lives during Hurricane Carla in September 1961. Rather has reported on some of the most significant events, including the fall of the Berlin Wall, the Gulf War, 9/11, the Iraq War, and the war on terror. \u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/92608/file/188620#t=2460.0,2490.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/92608/file/188620/annotation_set/1050/annotation/152","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eCBS Broadcasting Inc., commonly shortened to CBS, is an American commercial broadcast television and radio network that is the flagship property of the CBS Entertainment Group division of Paramount Global. \u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/92608/file/188620#t=2460.0,2490.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/92608/file/188620/annotation_set/1050/annotation/153","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eRosh HaShanah\u003c/em\u003e [Hebrew: head of the year] begins the cycle of High Holy Days. It introduces the Ten Days of Penitence, when Jews examine their souls and take stock of their actions. On the tenth day is \u003cem\u003eYom Kippur\u003c/em\u003e, the Day of Atonement. The tradition is that on \u003cem\u003eRosh HaShanah\u003c/em\u003e, G-d sits in judgment on humanity. Then the fate of every living creature is inscribed in the Book of Life or the Book of Death. Prayer and repentance before the sealing of the books on \u003cem\u003eYom Kippur\u003c/em\u003e may revoke these decisions.  \u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/92608/file/188620#t=2610.0,2640.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/92608/file/188620/annotation_set/1050/annotation/154","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eFort Moore, formerly called Fort Benning, is a United States Army post near Columbus, Georgia, adjacent to the Alabama-Georgia Border. Fort Moore supports more than 120,000 active-duty military, family members, reserve component soldiers, retirees, and civilian employees daily. The base was originally named for Henry L. Benning, a brigadier general in the Confederate States Army during the Civil War. Fort Benning was one of the ten US Army installations named for former Confederate generals. The National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2021, passed over an attempted veto by President Donald Trump, includes a provision that all ten Army bases named after prominent Confederate military leaders be renamed. \u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/92608/file/188620#t=2820.0,2850.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/92608/file/188620/annotation_set/1050/annotation/155","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eFrank Slotin is a CPA and a partner at Mauldin \u0026amp; Jenkins. He began his career in public accounting in 1991. Slotin received his Bachelor of Business Administration in Finance from the University of Georgia and completed post-baccalaureate work in accounting. Slotin is a member of the Savannah Estate Planning Council, the Georgia Society of Certified Public Accountants, the American Institute of Certified Public Accountants (AICPA), and the Senior Partner Network of Accounting Firms. He also serves on the advisory board of the Savannah Truist Bank, Workmen’s Circle Credit Union, and Mountainfilm on Tour Savannah. Slotin is Married to Susan Ullman and has two children. \u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/92608/file/188620#t=2940.0,2970.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/92608/file/188620/annotation_set/1050/annotation/156","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eAugusta, officially Augusta-Richmond County, is a consolidated city-county on the central eastern border of Georgia. The city lies directly across the Savannah River from North Augusta, South Carolina at the head of its navigable portion. Augusta is Georgia’s third-largest city and is located in the Fall Line section of the state. \u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/92608/file/188620#t=2940.0,2970.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/92608/file/188620/annotation_set/1050/annotation/157","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eCertified Public Accountant, or CPA, is the title of qualified accountants in numerous countries. In the United States, the CPA is a license to provide accounting services to the public. \u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/92608/file/188620#t=2940.0,2970.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/92608/file/188620/annotation_set/1050/annotation/158","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eHancock Askew \u0026amp; Co., LLP is a professional services firm tracing its origins back to 1910. Hancock Askew assists companies in identifying and capitalizing on business opportunities and provides services that include audit, tax, internal controls and risk management, Service Organization Control (SOC) examinations, bookkeeping, transactions, valuations, due diligence reports, cost segregation, and other critical business advisory services. \u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/92608/file/188620#t=2970.0,3000.0"}]},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/92608/file/188620/index/53100","type":"AnnotationPage","label":{"en":["Ullman, Albert [Index]"]},"items":[{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/92608/file/188620/index/53100/annotation/159","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Harriet Birnbaum Ullman and Her Family","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Title"]}}],"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/92608/file/188620#t=13.0,130.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/92608/file/188620/index/53100/annotation/160","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Okay, Albert, you are married to Harriet Ullman. Let's first begin with her and her background. 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