{"@context":"http://iiif.io/api/presentation/3/context.json","id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/iiif/5h7br8mx53/manifest","type":"Manifest","label":{"en":["Tourial, Ralph"]},"logo":"https://d9jk7wjtjpu5g.cloudfront.net/organizations/logo_images/000/000/082/original/TheBreman_SecondaryMark_Horizontal_Blue_Black.png?1713640889","metadata":[{"label":{"en":["Date"]},"value":{"en":["1993-11-03 (creation)"]}},{"label":{"en":["Format"]},"value":{"en":["Audio"]}},{"label":{"en":["Source"]},"value":{"en":["Esther and Herbert Taylor Oral History Collection","Ida Pearle and Joseph Cuba Archives for Southern Jewish History","William Breman Jewish Heritage Museum"]}},{"label":{"en":["Description"]},"value":{"en":["\u003cp\u003eRalph Tourial interviewed by Merna Alpert on November 3rd and 10th, 1993 in Atlanta, Georgia.\u003c/p\u003e (general)","\u003cp\u003eRalph Tourial was born in 1915 in Atlanta, Georgia to Turkish immigrants.  He was one of three children.  His father, who owned a delicatessen, died in 1923.  Ralph became bar mitzvah on a Thursday morning at Or VeShalom, following Sephardic tradition.  He became President of Or VeShalom synagogue in 1937.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eFrom the time he was ten years old until 1980 when it was sold, Ralph worked for E. Tourial Leather Company, a leather wholesaling business owned by his uncle, Ezra Tourial, until his death in 1941.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eRalph Tourial married Regina Rousso on February 8, 1942, and the couple had five children:   \u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eSidney is a dentist, married to the daughter of Dr. Nathan Gershon.  His daughter Sara is married to Morton Grosswald, and has three sons.  His daughter Margaret is not married, and works for United Airlines in Washington, D.C.  His son Danny is married with two sons.  \u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eAt the time of the interview, Ralph remained very active in the Atlanta Jewish community through B’nai B’rith, the Jewish Welfare Fund, Or VeShalom and Israel Bonds.\u003c/p\u003e (bioghist)","\u003cp\u003eRalph discusses his early life growing up Atlanta Sephardic community and the formation of Atlanta’s Sephardic synagogue, Or VeShalom.  He recalled of the “clannishness” of the German, Russian\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eand Sephardic Jews in Atlanta in the early twentieth century, and some of the differences in the various groups.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eHe spoke at length about the business practices his uncle utilized at E. Tourial Leather Company, where he worked starting at age ten and the stiff competition that plagued the company after World War II until it was ultimately sold in 1980.  Ralph recalled Ezra Tourial, his uncle, who exercised an important role in the early Sephardic community.  Ezra provided funds to build the current Or VeShalom synagogue, but also helped Sephardic Jews obtain loans through the Morris Plant bank, to helping the Jewish residents of the island of Rhodes financially becaue they had treated him with extraordinary kindness when he spent the year of mourning for his mother there.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eRalph provides an excellent cultural description of the Sephardic Jewish community of Atlanta from its early days to now, from his wife’s involvement with the Or VeShalom Hanukkah bazaar to his son’s presidency of the synagogue to the ins and outs of financing the synagogue building.\u003c/p\u003e (scope content)"]}},{"label":{"en":["Source Metadata URI"]},"value":{"en":["https://archivesspace.thebreman.org/repositories/2/archival_objects/28462"]}},{"label":{"en":["Rights Statement"]},"value":{"en":["\u003cp\u003eAll rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, recorded by any information storage and retrieval system, without the express written consent of the William Breman Jewish Heritage Museum.\u003c/p\u003e"]}},{"label":{"en":["Subject"]},"value":{"en":["Antisemitism—Atlanta, Georgia (topical term)","Atlanta, Georgia (geographic term)","Bar mitzvah (topical term)","B’nai B’rith Gate City Lodge 155 (corporate name)","Brotherhoods (topical term)","Butchers, Jewish (topical term)","Cohen, Joseph (Rabbi) (personal name)","Congregation Ahavath Achim—Atlanta, Georgia (corporate name)","Congregation Or VeShalom—Atlanta, Georgia (corporate name)","Goldstein, Irving (Dr.) (personal name)","Great Depression, 1929 (named event)","Hebrew Orphans’ Home—Atlanta, Georgia (corporate name)","Hirsch, Benjamin (personal name)","Israel (geographic term)","Israel Bonds (corporate name)","Judaism—Customs and practices (topical term)","Jewish-Jewish relations (topical term)","Jewish National Fund (corporate name)","Jews, Ashkenazi (topical term)","Jews, Sephardic (topical term)","Kashrut (topical term)","Korean War (1951-1953) (named event)","Kosher (topical term)","Morris Plan Bank—Atlanta, Georgia (corporate name)","Office of Price Administration (OPA) (corporate name)","Pushkes (topical term)","Rhodes (island) (geographic term)","Sephardism (topical term)","Shoe industry and trade (topical term)","Sisterhoods (topical term)","Tourial, Ezra (personal name)","Tourial, Ralph (personal name)","Tourial, Regina (personal name)","Tourial, Sidney (Dr.) (personal name)","Turkey (geographic term)","Western Wall (Wailing Wall) (geographic term)","Wyle, Armand (Dr.) (personal name)","Zimmerman, Jake (personal name)","Zimmerman, Robert (personal name)"]}}],"summary":{"en":["\u003cp\u003eRalph Tourial interviewed by Merna Alpert on November 3rd and 10th, 1993 in Atlanta, Georgia.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eRalph Tourial was born in 1915 in Atlanta, Georgia to Turkish immigrants.  He was one of three children.  His father, who owned a delicatessen, died in 1923.  Ralph became bar mitzvah on a Thursday morning at Or VeShalom, following Sephardic tradition.  He became President of Or VeShalom synagogue in 1937.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eFrom the time he was ten years old until 1980 when it was sold, Ralph worked for E. Tourial Leather Company, a leather wholesaling business owned by his uncle, Ezra Tourial, until his death in 1941.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eRalph Tourial married Regina Rousso on February 8, 1942, and the couple had five children:   \u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eSidney is a dentist, married to the daughter of Dr. Nathan Gershon.  His daughter Sara is married to Morton Grosswald, and has three sons.  His daughter Margaret is not married, and works for United Airlines in Washington, D.C.  His son Danny is married with two sons.  \u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eAt the time of the interview, Ralph remained very active in the Atlanta Jewish community through B’nai B’rith, the Jewish Welfare Fund, Or VeShalom and Israel Bonds.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eRalph discusses his early life growing up Atlanta Sephardic community and the formation of Atlanta’s Sephardic synagogue, Or VeShalom.  He recalled of the “clannishness” of the German, Russian\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eand Sephardic Jews in Atlanta in the early twentieth century, and some of the differences in the various groups.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eHe spoke at length about the business practices his uncle utilized at E. Tourial Leather Company, where he worked starting at age ten and the stiff competition that plagued the company after World War II until it was ultimately sold in 1980.  Ralph recalled Ezra Tourial, his uncle, who exercised an important role in the early Sephardic community.  Ezra provided funds to build the current Or VeShalom synagogue, but also helped Sephardic Jews obtain loans through the Morris Plant bank, to helping the Jewish residents of the island of Rhodes financially becaue they had treated him with extraordinary kindness when he spent the year of mourning for his mother there.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eRalph provides an excellent cultural description of the Sephardic Jewish community of Atlanta from its early days to now, from his wife’s involvement with the Or VeShalom Hanukkah bazaar to his son’s presidency of the synagogue to the ins and outs of financing the synagogue building.\u003c/p\u003e"]},"requiredStatement":{"label":{"en":["Attribution"]},"value":{"en":["\u003cp\u003eAll rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, recorded by any information storage and retrieval system, without the express written consent of the William Breman Jewish Heritage Museum.\u003c/p\u003e"]}},"provider":[{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/aboutus","type":"Agent","label":{"en":["William Breman Jewish Heritage Museum"]},"homepage":[{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/","type":"Text","label":{"en":["William Breman Jewish Heritage Museum"]},"format":"text/html"}],"logo":[{"id":"https://d9jk7wjtjpu5g.cloudfront.net/organizations/logo_images/000/000/082/original/TheBreman_SecondaryMark_Horizontal_Blue_Black.png?1713640889","type":"Image"}]}],"thumbnail":[{"id":"https://d9jk7wjtjpu5g.cloudfront.net/collection_resource_files/thumbnails/000/110/979/small/Ralph_Tourial.png?1619453026","type":"Image","format":"image/png"}],"items":[{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39511/file/110979","type":"Canvas","label":{"en":["Media File 1 of 1 - Tourial_Ralph.mp3"]},"duration":5460.14041,"width":640,"height":360,"thumbnail":[{"id":"https://d9jk7wjtjpu5g.cloudfront.net/collection_resource_files/thumbnails/000/110/979/small/Ralph_Tourial.png?1619453026","type":"Image","format":"image/png"}],"items":[{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39511/file/110979/content/1","type":"AnnotationPage","items":[{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39511/file/110979/content/1/annotation/1","type":"Annotation","motivation":"painting","body":{"id":"https://aviary-p-thebreman.s3.wasabisys.com/collection_resource_files/resource_files/000/110/979/original/Tourial_Ralph.mp3?1616779900","type":"Audio","format":"audio/mp3","duration":5460.14041,"width":640,"height":360},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39511/file/110979","metadata":[]}]}],"annotations":[{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39511/file/110979/transcript/24523","type":"AnnotationPage","label":{"en":["Ralph Tourial [Transcript]"]},"items":[{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39511/file/110979/transcript/24523/annotation/1","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"ALPERT: We are in Mr. Tourial's home where ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39511/file/110979#t=0.0,30.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39511/file/110979/transcript/24523/annotation/2","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"he told me he was born here in\nAtlanta [Georgia]. Did your parents come over as children or young adults, sir?\n\nTOURIAL: Young adults.\n\nALPERT: They came from Turkey?\n\nTOURIAL: That's right.\n\nALPERT: Did they know each other?\n\nTOURIAL: They did not know each other until my mother met my father [Samuel\nTourial] here in Atlanta. My grandfather, my father's father, sent a bride to\nhis son ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39511/file/110979#t=30.0,60.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39511/file/110979/transcript/24523/annotation/3","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and that was it.\n\nALPERT: When they were married, was there a Sephardic synagogue in Atlanta at\nthat time?\n\nTOURIAL: No, there wasn't. They had an Ashkenazi rabbi and we lived, when my\nmother [Reina Bilee] and father got married, they lived a few doors from the\nsynagogue which is now known as the Ahavath Achim.\n\nALPERT: It was ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39511/file/110979#t=60.0,90.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39511/file/110979/transcript/24523/annotation/4","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"located downtown then.\n\nTOURIAL: It was located on Butler Street off of Piedmont Avenue, across from the\nGrady Hospital. That's where I was born.\n\nALPERT: In Grady Hospital?\n\nTOURIAL: No, across the street. Nobody was born in hospitals then.\n\nALPERT: Born at home, then. Do you remember how long you lived in that area?\n\nTOURIAL: We lived there until about 1920. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39511/file/110979#t=90.0,120.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39511/file/110979/transcript/24523/annotation/5","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Then we lived on Central Avenue from\n1920 and then we moved to Pryor Street. We lived there until my father died.\n\nALPERT: When was that?\n\nTOURIAL: That was in January, 1923. We were young kids.\n\nALPERT: How did your mother get on with three young children after that?\n\nTOURIAL: We had a hard time but we managed. My father left a little money and\nthat was it.\n\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39511/file/110979#t=120.0,150.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39511/file/110979/transcript/24523/annotation/6","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"ALPERT: Thank goodness. Was he also in the same business that you were in?\n\nTOURIAL: No, he was in a different business. He was in the delicatessen\nbusiness. He owned a delicatessen on Whitehall Street.\n\nALPERT: He was able to get kosher food for it or did he not keep the\ndelicatessen [kosher]?\n\nTOURIAL: The butchers...\n\nTOURIAL: My mother met... ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39511/file/110979#t=150.0,180.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39511/file/110979/transcript/24523/annotation/7","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"two men, two brothers by the names of Robert and Jake\nZimmerman. They were butchers. They always took care of my mother for the meats.\nWe met those two gentlemen until we got old enough to really know them. They\nwere one of the few early kosher butchers in Atlanta.\n\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39511/file/110979#t=180.0,210.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39511/file/110979/transcript/24523/annotation/8","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"ALPERT: You went to the public schools then?\n\nTOURIAL: Yes, we went to the public schools, all three of us, my brother, my\nsister and myself.\n\nALPERT: There were no Hebrew schools, no day schools?\n\nTOURIAL: Not particularly, no, there was only Hebrew school after our regular school.\n\nALPERT: When did the Sephardic synagogue ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39511/file/110979#t=210.0,240.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39511/file/110979/transcript/24523/annotation/9","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"start? Do you remember?\n\nTOURIAL: To the best of my knowledge, it was around 1916 that they had enough\nmen to call a minyan and start a little synagogue of their own. Then, as years\nprogressed, they had so many people who came from Turkey and so many came from\nthe Isle of Rhodes which was, at that time, an Italian ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39511/file/110979#t=240.0,270.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39511/file/110979/transcript/24523/annotation/10","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"subject. They had little\nsquabbles and they broke up and had two synagogues.\n\nALPERT: Really?\n\nTOURIAL: Yes, then about 1920, they decided to merge and called it Or VeShalom.\n\nALPERT: Then were you bar mitzvahed there?\n\nTOURIAL: Yes, Or VeShalom. I was bar mitzvahed on a Thursday morning.\n\nALPERT: I thought they were always ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39511/file/110979#t=270.0,300.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39511/file/110979/transcript/24523/annotation/11","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"during the services.\n\nTOURIAL: No, during the services, in the old days the Sephardics kept a\ntradition of being bar mitzvahed either Monday or Thursday because those are the\ntwo days besides Saturday that you take out and read the Torah. Then, later on,\na few of the Ashkenazis started having bar mitzvahs ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39511/file/110979#t=300.0,330.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39511/file/110979/transcript/24523/annotation/12","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"on Saturday but you don't\nput your tefillin on on Saturday. On Monday and Thursday, you put your tefillin\non. Do you follow that?\n\nALPERT: Yes, I am learning. That's interesting. Was there sort of a community of\nSephardic Jewish people? Did you have friends your age ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39511/file/110979#t=330.0,360.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39511/file/110979/transcript/24523/annotation/13","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that were also part of...\n\nTOURIAL: Until World War II, we were very clannish. The Sephardics stayed within\nthemselves and the Ashkenazis stayed within themselves and the reformed Jews\nstayed within themselves. Then during World War II, it all got mixed.\n\nALPERT: You think it was good that it all got mixed or not so good?\n\nTOURIAL: The only reason was because of the ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39511/file/110979#t=360.0,390.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39511/file/110979/transcript/24523/annotation/14","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"location of where they lived... like\nthe people from Russia spoke Yiddish. The people from Spain and who were later\nfrom Turkey and Italy, spoke Spanish. The reformed Jews, they didn't keep their\nGerman. They tried to learn English as much as they could. That was the only\nthing, but then when World War II came on, there was no separation of what part\nof the world you came from if you were a Jew.\n\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39511/file/110979#t=390.0,420.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39511/file/110979/transcript/24523/annotation/15","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"ALPERT: Do you think that was good or not so good?\n\nTOURIAL: I think it was good, not necessarily so good that people even though,\njust because I read with one accent and you read with another accent or you\ntalked with a northern accent and I speak with a southern accent, that doesn't\nmake any difference. We're all the same people.\n\nALPERT: Just wanted to get your opinion because that's important, too. Now, when\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39511/file/110979#t=420.0,450.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39511/file/110979/transcript/24523/annotation/16","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"you were in high school, even before that, did you personally experience any antisemitism?\n\nTOURIAL: Yes.\n\nALPERT: Can you remember?\n\nTOURIAL: Sure, when I was in the third grade, I was afraid to walk on one side\nof the street because they'd say, \"Look at that Jew baby.\" Then later on, as we\ngot mixing a little more, we got older, we got along with them. We never ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39511/file/110979#t=450.0,480.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39511/file/110979/transcript/24523/annotation/17","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"really\nhad any bad experience with antisemitism.\n\nALPERT: Did you have to work while you were in high school?\n\nTOURIAL: Yes.\n\nALPERT: What kind of work?\n\nTOURIAL: I went to work at a store, my uncle, my father's brother was running\nthis business, and I used to go every day from the time I was ten years old\nuntil 1980.\n\nALPERT: Really?\n\nTOURIAL: Yes, really.\n\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39511/file/110979#t=480.0,510.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39511/file/110979/transcript/24523/annotation/18","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"ALPERT: I believe you.\n\nTOURIAL: Every phase of it from shipping clerk and everything.\n\nALPERT: Did your brother and sister also help out?\n\nTOURIAL: Sure, my brother, he's younger than I am and as soon as he finished\nhigh school he came into the business. All of us were in the business. That's\nwhere we made our money... that's the way we lived.\n\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39511/file/110979#t=510.0,540.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39511/file/110979/transcript/24523/annotation/19","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"ALPERT: How did you meet your wife?\n\nTOURIAL: That's a long story, too. Our families were friends. I'm seven years\nolder than my wife. When she was a little girl, I never paid any attention but\nas we grew older, we had some synagogue functions and we met. A group of us were\ngoing out and I asked her, \"Do you want to go out with me?\" ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39511/file/110979#t=540.0,570.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39511/file/110979/transcript/24523/annotation/20","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"The next thing you\nknow we were going out pretty steady.\n\nALPERT: There are different ways that people meet.\n\nTOURIAL: Like I told you, before World War II the Sephardics were very clannish.\nWe didn't think so but the outside world thought so because we didn't mix with anybody.\n\nALPERT: Were you involved with that war?\n\nTOURIAL: Yes, but I didn't go ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39511/file/110979#t=570.0,600.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39511/file/110979/transcript/24523/annotation/21","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"overseas or anything. My brother stayed in\nfive-and-a-half years. I didn't stay in but a year. I had a mother and a wife\nand a kid to support. Then, I don't know, they told me to go home and I came home.\n\nALPERT: Were you active, I know there were organizations and drives and things\nto help Jewish people who were ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39511/file/110979#t=600.0,630.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39511/file/110979/transcript/24523/annotation/22","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"out of concentration camps. Were you involved in\nany of that activity?\n\nTOURIAL: I remember some families were coming here right after World War II.\nThey came through Canada from the concentration camps. We were asked to give\nclothing. We used to give our clothes. We gave money, whatever we could. I was\non no committee, per se, but we ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39511/file/110979#t=630.0,660.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39511/file/110979/transcript/24523/annotation/23","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"always participated.\n\nALPERT: You always worked from the age of ten and you were always active in the synagogue?\n\nTOURIAL: Always, yes.\n\nALPERT: That maybe took a lot of your time.\n\nTOURIAL: Yes, the synagogue was very important. We had a small synagogue and I\ncame up during the [Great] Depression. When I was president of the synagogue in\n1937, I was only ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39511/file/110979#t=660.0,690.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39511/file/110979/transcript/24523/annotation/24","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"22 years old but they were having such a hard time. They wanted\nmy uncle to be president and he said, \"Let my nephew have it. I don't want to be\nit. I'm too old. Let him do it.\" He backed me, but the reason they took me is\nbecause they knew we were financing a lot of the synagogue. You get the gist of it.\n\nALPERT: That is very young to be president, even of a small synagogue.\n\nTOURIAL: In ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39511/file/110979#t=690.0,720.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39511/file/110979/transcript/24523/annotation/25","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"1936, 1937, 1938, and 1939, I was on the membership committee of the\nB'nai B'rith. I used to participate in all. I was on the board of directors of\nthe Atlanta Hebrew Orphans' Home which we had then. Dr. [Armand] Wyle was the\nhead of it and I used to attend all those meetings. But then as time went on you\nlose all ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39511/file/110979#t=720.0,750.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39511/file/110979/transcript/24523/annotation/26","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"the involvement.\n\nALPERT: You were active in other organizations?\n\nTOURIAL: Yes, very much so.\n\nALPERT: I didn't get that impression at first.\n\nTOURIAL: I had a lot of good friends. Dr. Irving Goldstein was the president of\nB'nai B'rith Gate City Lodge 155 and he and I were very close friends. He\ninsisted that I serve on his board of directors at B'nai B'rith and I was on the\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39511/file/110979#t=750.0,780.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39511/file/110979/transcript/24523/annotation/27","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"membership committee and different things there. I worked with him. Then we had\nthe Jewish Welfare Fund at that time. I was chairman of the youth group of my\nsynagogue. I used to participate in all of that.\n\nALPERT: That's what we wanted to know.\n\nTOURIAL: I guess that's so long ago that you don't think of it anymore.\n\nALPERT: That's why I have to ask you questions, to refresh your memory. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39511/file/110979#t=780.0,810.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39511/file/110979/transcript/24523/annotation/28","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"When you\nwere president of the synagogue, can you remember events or happenings in the\nsynagogue that stand out in your mind?\n\nTOURIAL: Yes. As I told you, we had a little wooden house on Central Avenue for\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39511/file/110979#t=810.0,840.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39511/file/110979/transcript/24523/annotation/29","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"a synagogue. In 1941, my uncle died and he left a little sum of money...\n\nALPERT: What was your uncle's name?\n\nTOURIAL: Ezra Tourial. Anyway, he left some money and I was chairman of a drive\nto try to build a new synagogue. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39511/file/110979#t=840.0,870.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39511/file/110979/transcript/24523/annotation/30","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"That was in 1941. Then we raised the money and\nright after the war we bought out a church on Highland Avenue, the Haygood\nMethodist Memorial Church. As time progressed, the people were making money and\nthings were going along. We had a drive and we built this new synagogue on\n[North] Druid Hills [Road].\n\nALPERT: I've been inside that synagogue. It's a beautiful ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39511/file/110979#t=870.0,900.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39511/file/110979/transcript/24523/annotation/31","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"synagogue.\n\nTOURIAL: It was modern. You take out our altar, and the brick walls look like\nthey're dilapidated. This fellow, [Benjamin] Hirsch, the architect, wanted to\ngive us a replica of the Wailing Wall in Jerusalem. That's why those bricks...\nthose walls look like... they're not smooth and all.\n\nALPERT: That's alright.\n\nTOURIAL: It's a replica of the Wailing Wall.\n\nALPERT: That's interesting. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39511/file/110979#t=900.0,930.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39511/file/110979/transcript/24523/annotation/32","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Were you in a position of permanence when they were\ndesigning this?\n\nTOURIAL: No, I wasn't involved. We had a fellow by the name of Victor Maslia.\nYou may have heard of him.\n\nALPERT: I've heard the name.\n\nTOURIAL: He just died, a young man. He got wealthy after the war and he was very\nprominent in promoting all of this.\n\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39511/file/110979#t=930.0,960.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39511/file/110979/transcript/24523/annotation/33","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"ALPERT: When you were president there was the push to move from the original...\n\nTOURIAL: There was a push to progress but everybody was not in a position to\nprogress until 1941.\n\nALPERT: Is there anything else that you can remember from your tenure as\npresident? Anything ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39511/file/110979#t=960.0,990.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39511/file/110979/transcript/24523/annotation/34","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"in particular, a program started or anything?\n\nTOURIAL: Not particularly except, like I said, being president at that time I\nhad to attend welfare meetings, all the board of directors of every Jewish\norganization just like they do now. I used to attend them but in those days\nthere was nothing outstanding because there was no movement. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39511/file/110979#t=990.0,1020.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39511/file/110979/transcript/24523/annotation/35","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"We had a hard time\ntaking care of our own little place and that was it.\n\nALPERT: It was after the war that new work could begin.\n\nTOURIAL: After the war.\n\nALPERT: She discusses her children's education and their Jewish upbringing. Your\nchildren by then were growing up?\n\nTOURIAL: Yes, my son, my oldest son, six or seven years ago ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39511/file/110979#t=1020.0,1050.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39511/file/110979/transcript/24523/annotation/36","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"was president of the synagogue.\n\nALPERT: His first name is Ralph, also?\n\nTOURIAL: No, my first name is Ralph. My son's first name is Sidney, Dr. Sidney\nTourial. He was also president. He's done a lot more than I have. He belonged to\nan organization ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39511/file/110979#t=1050.0,1080.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39511/file/110979/transcript/24523/annotation/37","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"called AO, a Jewish fraternity, Alpha Omega.\n\nALPERT: This is Merna Alpert interviewing Mr. Ralph Tourial on Wednesday,\nNovember 10, 1993, the second interview. First, I'd like to go over some things\nthat we rushed over too quickly last time. I'd like to go back to when ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39511/file/110979#t=1080.0,1110.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39511/file/110979/transcript/24523/annotation/38","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Or\nVeShalom first started--you told me in 1916--and at that time there was a group\nfrom Turkey and a group from Rhodes. They couldn't get along at first. What was\nthe argument about? Do you remember? Or [have] a general idea?\n\nTOURIAL: A general idea that we got, of course, I was just a baby then, but the\ngeneral idea was ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39511/file/110979#t=1110.0,1140.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39511/file/110979/transcript/24523/annotation/39","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"just like the north and south of the United States. In other\nwords, the people of Turkey thought they were better than the people of Rhodes\nand the people of Rhodes thought that they could read and do better. That was\nthe basic argument. It was no real war or anything but they just couldn't get along.\n\nALPERT: But there were enough to form very small synagogues of each?\n\nTOURIAL: Very small, very small, ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39511/file/110979#t=1140.0,1170.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39511/file/110979/transcript/24523/annotation/40","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"just a minyan of each.\n\nALPERT: You said by 1920 they got back together again. Was there a big influx of\nnew emigration?\n\nTOURIAL: From Rhodes.\n\nALPERT: From Rhodes between 1916 and 1920?\n\nTOURIAL: Yes, there was a big influx. I would say 20 or 30 families. That's\npretty big in those days.\n\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39511/file/110979#t=1170.0,1200.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39511/file/110979/transcript/24523/annotation/41","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"ALPERT: Do you have any idea whether World War I was going on?\n\nTOURIAL: It was over. World War I was over in 1917. This was after World War I.\n\nALPERT: I didn't realize that there was another wave of immigration at that time.\n\nTOURIAL: Of the Sephardics, yes.\n\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39511/file/110979#t=1200.0,1230.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39511/file/110979/transcript/24523/annotation/42","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"ALPERT: You mentioned that you started at a tender age to work in your uncle's\nbusiness and really stayed with it. What was the name of that business?\n\nTOURIAL: E. Tourial Leather Company.\n\nALPERT: In those years did you sell to Jewish retailers?\n\nTOURIAL: To anybody.\n\nALPERT: Anybody?\n\nTOURIAL: Anybody who was in the business.\n\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39511/file/110979#t=1230.0,1260.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39511/file/110979/transcript/24523/annotation/43","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"ALPERT: Whether they were Jewish or not, whether they were black or white?\n\nTOURIAL: Right, Italians. We had customers all over the Southeast: Georgia,\nAlabama, North and South Carolina...\n\nALPERT: I didn't realize it was that...\n\nTOURIAL: ...eastern Tennessee. We had traveling salesmen.\n\nALPERT: No wonder it was big. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39511/file/110979#t=1260.0,1290.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39511/file/110979/transcript/24523/annotation/44","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"When was it you got married?\n\nTOURIAL: On February 8, 1942.\n\nALPERT: Were the wedding customs any different than they are now because they\nwere Sephardic?\n\nTOURIAL: I haven't seen any different customs. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39511/file/110979#t=1290.0,1320.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39511/file/110979/transcript/24523/annotation/45","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Rabbi [Joseph] Cohen, who was our\nrabbi, married my wife and me. We were both Sephardic. There was no difference.\nNow, my children, it still wasn't any different.\n\nALPERT: I've not been to a Sephardic wedding, I didn't know.\n\nTOURIAL: It's very close to a Conservative or an Orthodox wedding... ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39511/file/110979#t=1320.0,1350.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39511/file/110979/transcript/24523/annotation/46","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"the\nceremony. The receptions, that's a different story.\n\nALPERT: What was yours like?\n\nTOURIAL: We had to cancel a lot. We only had a reception like we served\ncocktails and minor things. We canceled our dinner because it wasn't but four\nmonths since my uncle died. We didn't want to have--we had a big wedding. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39511/file/110979#t=1350.0,1380.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39511/file/110979/transcript/24523/annotation/47","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"We got\nmarried at the Biltmore Hotel here in Atlanta. We\n\nhad several hundred people attend.\n\nALPERT: That must have been quite an event.\n\nTOURIAL: It was an event. It was going to be bigger and better but, like I say,\nwe didn't want to have too much entertainment.\n\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39511/file/110979#t=1380.0,1410.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39511/file/110979/transcript/24523/annotation/48","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"ALPERT: I can see. You said during World War II which was shortly after you were married...\n\nTOURIAL: Nineteen forty-three.\n\nALPERT: ...there were various drives by organizations here, and you and your\nfamily helped out with concrete things.\n\nTOURIAL: Yes, we gave money. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39511/file/110979#t=1410.0,1440.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39511/file/110979/transcript/24523/annotation/49","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"We went around and canvased pledges.\n\nALPERT: Which organizations, do you remember?\n\nTOURIAL: First was our congregation because we needed a building badly. Then, of\ncourse, we had the Jewish Welfare Fund which is now the [Jewish] Federation [of\nGreater Atlanta.] Then we had the B'nai B'rith but they never had ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39511/file/110979#t=1440.0,1470.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39511/file/110979/transcript/24523/annotation/50","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"fund raising,\njust paying dues. They helped through different ways, B'nai B'rith.\n\nALPERT: Back before you were married, I guess, you were president of the synagogue.\n\nTOURIAL: Right, 1937.\n\nALPERT: When was it? ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39511/file/110979#t=1470.0,1500.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39511/file/110979/transcript/24523/annotation/51","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Do you remember the year that the synagogue moved from\nCentral Avenue to Highland Avenue?\n\nTOURIAL: The best of my recollection is 1949.\n\nALPERT: When did it move to North Druid Hills [Road]?\n\nTOURIAL: We've been there probably 23, 24 years... 1970 approximately. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39511/file/110979#t=1500.0,1530.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39511/file/110979/transcript/24523/annotation/52","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I don't\nhave dates in front of me, you understand.\n\nALPERT: Obviously, approximately. Is the synagogue thinking of moving again?\n\nTOURIAL: No, no, the nucleus of the synagogue is not thinking of moving. But\nlike I explained to you, so many people have moved north towards Alpharetta,\nDunwoody, Marietta. They're thinking, ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39511/file/110979#t=1530.0,1560.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39511/file/110979/transcript/24523/annotation/53","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"to keep these young people in the fold you\nneed to think about it. But, right now, we're not thinking--we're not having any\ndrives or anything like that.\n\nALPERT: You said your oldest son was president of the synagogue?\n\nTOURIAL: That's right.\n\nALPERT: When was this?\n\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39511/file/110979#t=1560.0,1590.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39511/file/110979/transcript/24523/annotation/54","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"TOURIAL: Approximately eight to ten years--it's about eight years ago.\n\nALPERT: Was there any big events or programs of the synagogue during his time?\nYou told me there weren't during your time because ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39511/file/110979#t=1590.0,1620.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39511/file/110979/transcript/24523/annotation/55","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"everybody was in the\ndepression still.\n\nTOURIAL: I really don't know of any particular. They modernized a lot of things.\nThe women's organization, which is the sisterhood, they started the bazaar on\nHanukkah which is usually in the month of ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39511/file/110979#t=1620.0,1650.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39511/file/110979/transcript/24523/annotation/56","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"December. Then, of course, when my son\nwas president, he gelled the two organizations together where they raised a lot\nof money.\n\nALPERT: Which two organizations?\n\nTOURIAL: The sisterhood and the brotherhood. But as far as when my son was\npresident, [he] was sent by the Federation to Israel. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39511/file/110979#t=1650.0,1680.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39511/file/110979/transcript/24523/annotation/57","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"He had to come and make\ntalks. He went to Mobile, [Alabama]. I don't know what towns he went to and tell\nthem what he saw in Israel. At that time, Israel was having problems. They had a\nfew of the younger generation, the younger people and my son was part of it.\nHe's been to Israel several times, eight or ten times, [on] missions.\n\nALPERT: From Federation or the synagogue?\n\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39511/file/110979#t=1680.0,1710.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39511/file/110979/transcript/24523/annotation/58","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"TOURIAL: Yes, mostly the Federation. The Israel bonds, that stuff. Of course, he\ntook his whole family to Israel. That's besides the official visits that he went\nby himself. One time he went with about eight or ten from the different\nsynagogues... different organizations. He participated ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39511/file/110979#t=1710.0,1740.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39511/file/110979/transcript/24523/annotation/59","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"a lot in that, more so\nthan they are today. You don't... Israel is on more solid ground right now. I\ndon't know if I'm making myself clear.\n\nALPERT: It's more stable.\n\nTOURIAL: That's right. In other words, they have organizations now like the\nIsrael Bond Dinner and all that is helping Israel more. When my son was\npresident, ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39511/file/110979#t=1740.0,1770.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39511/file/110979/transcript/24523/annotation/60","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"it was just beginning. It was new. It wasn't quite like it was today.\nTen years ago, it was a little different.\n\nALPERT: But Federation still has many missions.\n\nTOURIAL: Of course.\n\nALPERT: For younger people, I guess.\n\nTOURIAL: They still have missions. They still participate, the Federation still,\nI understand, subsidizes younger people to go to Israel. They've subsidized\nseveral members from my congregation. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39511/file/110979#t=1770.0,1800.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39511/file/110979/transcript/24523/annotation/61","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I can't name who they are because I'm not\ninvolved in it. I understand it.\n\nALPERT: Did you ever wish that you had been able to go to Israel?\n\nTOURIAL: Yes, I'd like to go to Israel but, like I said, my wife never had the\nambition of flying that far. She's scared to death. Even though we've flown...\nwe've gone to California several times to see my sister, but still she's never\npushed. Now, my sons, they want me to go. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39511/file/110979#t=1800.0,1830.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39511/file/110979/transcript/24523/annotation/62","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"In fact, my son, when he went with his\nfamily two years ago insisted that I go with him. I said, \"No, I believe I'll\nstay.\" It was one of those things. You keep putting it off.\n\nALPERT: Then you have not traveled anywhere outside of the United States.\n\nTOURIAL: No, I have never been outside the United States.\n\nALPERT: It's a big country to see just by itself.\n\nTOURIAL: Ever since I was young, I said, ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39511/file/110979#t=1830.0,1860.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39511/file/110979/transcript/24523/annotation/63","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\"You travel one state and you've\ntraveled all. It's all the same to me.\" What I mean is... you go downtown to one\ncity like Atlanta, you go [to] downtown Chicago [Illinois], you go [to] downtown\nSan Francisco [California], it all looks alike to me. Of course, there are\nsights to see in the different states which we have enjoyed. We've been to the\nislands and we've been to Nassau [the Bahamas]...\n\nALPERT: ... and the Caribbean?\n\nTOURIAL: ... the Caribbean. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39511/file/110979#t=1860.0,1890.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39511/file/110979/transcript/24523/annotation/64","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"As far as going overseas to Europe or something like\nthat, no.\n\nALPERT: The other thing is, last time we didn't really talk about your family at\nall. You have three sons and two daughters.\n\nTOURIAL: That's right.\n\nALPERT: We've talked about your oldest son, Sidney. He's here in Atlanta. What\nabout your other children?\n\nTOURIAL: Sidney's on a cruise right now, ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39511/file/110979#t=1890.0,1920.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39511/file/110979/transcript/24523/annotation/65","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"he and his wife.\n\nALPERT: What about your other children here or wherever they are?\n\nTOURIAL: I have my oldest daughter who is next to Sidney, my son. She has three sons.\n\nALPERT: What's her name?\n\nTOURIAL: Her name is Sara. She's married to a fellow by the name of Morton\nGrosswald [sp]. They have ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39511/file/110979#t=1920.0,1950.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39511/file/110979/transcript/24523/annotation/66","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"three sons. The oldest son is named Ralph just like\nme. He's a graduate of Emory University. The second son, his name is Steven.\nHe's a graduate of University of Alabama. He's with Bear Stearns, stock brokers.\nMy youngest grandson from that side, ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39511/file/110979#t=1950.0,1980.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39511/file/110979/transcript/24523/annotation/67","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"he's second year at the University of\nGeorgia, he's a sophomore at the University of Georgia in Athens. Now, my other\ndaughter, she's not married. Her name is Margaret. She's with United Airlines.\nShe's been with them over 23 years. We get to fly everywhere free, Regina and I,\nmy wife and I. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39511/file/110979#t=1980.0,2010.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39511/file/110979/transcript/24523/annotation/68","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Not the rest of the family, just us two. We haven't paid but once\nfor an airline in 20 [years]. But she used to be a reservationist here in\nAtlanta, worked at the office. Then opportunity came and they offered her a job\nat Dulles Airport in [Washington] D.C. She's in Dulles. She's what is ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39511/file/110979#t=2010.0,2040.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39511/file/110979/transcript/24523/annotation/69","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"known as a\n'VIP reservationist.' She doesn't have to stand at the counter or anything. All\nshe handles is all the influx and outgo of dignitaries such as senators, heads\nof states from other governments. She speaks Spanish and a little French. She's\ngot a good job. She's the one who came here ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39511/file/110979#t=2040.0,2070.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39511/file/110979/transcript/24523/annotation/70","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"last weekend. Then, my other son,\nDanny, he got married five years ago. His wife just had his second son on\nOctober 10.\n\nALPERT: Just a month ago.\n\nTOURIAL: Yes, he's a month old today. The oldest boy, he's two years ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39511/file/110979#t=2070.0,2100.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39511/file/110979/transcript/24523/annotation/71","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and five\nmonths, four or five months. Danny, he's not exactly a stock broker but he works\nwith stocks and bonds. He and another fellow are partners and he does well.\n\nALPERT: Excuse me, what happened to your business, Uncle Ezra's business?\n\nTOURIAL: We sold it in 1980.\n\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39511/file/110979#t=2100.0,2130.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39511/file/110979/transcript/24523/annotation/72","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"ALPERT: It just occurred to me that none of your children were in it.\n\nTOURIAL: None of my children were in it. I tell you, the business was a dying\nbusiness. The repair trade was very... the same thing with the shoe stores...\nthe mama and papa stores that we handled, 90 percent are out of business now in\nsmall towns. The manufacturers sell ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39511/file/110979#t=2130.0,2160.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39511/file/110979/transcript/24523/annotation/73","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"direct to shoe specialty... It was not a\nprogressive business. It used to be a very good business.\n\nALPERT: Then you got out of it at the right time.\n\nTOURIAL: Yes. Now, my brother still works with... he goes and sells a few\ncustomers ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39511/file/110979#t=2160.0,2190.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39511/file/110979/transcript/24523/annotation/74","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that we had locally only. No out of town. He's got about six or eight\ncustomers and he'll buy the merchandise and sell it for a little profit. Before\nhe buys it he sells it. It's not like peddling. The order is officially sold and\nthen he goes and buys that merchandise and has it delivered to them. My youngest\nson, ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39511/file/110979#t=2190.0,2220.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39511/file/110979/transcript/24523/annotation/75","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"he's in the carpet cleaning business. He calls himself the 'Carpet\nMagician.' He was in partners with the son of my cousin but then he bought him\nout. He's struggling with that. All of the sudden, here in Atlanta, we have\ncompanies that have just popped up like Service Master, this and that and I\ndon't know. The service business is a hard business. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39511/file/110979#t=2220.0,2250.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39511/file/110979/transcript/24523/annotation/76","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"You can't pay too much\nsalary and you can't get the top of the line people, if you understand what I'm\ntalking about.\n\nALPERT: Yes.\n\nTOURIAL: I don't know but he's getting by. That's it. I think that gives you a\nhistory of my children.\n\nALPERT: Aside from your daughter who lives in Washington, ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39511/file/110979#t=2250.0,2280.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39511/file/110979/transcript/24523/annotation/77","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"do all the others live here?\n\nTOURIAL: All of them live here.\n\nALPERT: In Atlanta.\n\nTOURIAL: Yes.\n\nALPERT: They're all in Or VeShalom, also?\n\nTOURIAL: Yes, they all belong to Or VeShalom.\n\nALPERT: It's nice that you have your family around.\n\nTOURIAL: That's another thing that everybody gloats over, \"I don't see how you\ncan keep them all together.\" A lot of them intermarry, they go to the other\nsynagogues. But anyway, ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39511/file/110979#t=2280.0,2310.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39511/file/110979/transcript/24523/annotation/78","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"we seem to manage pretty good.\n\nALPERT: Your sons all married within Or VeShalom?\n\nTOURIAL: No, that's what I'm telling you. I'm the only one who married [within\nOr VeShalom]. My oldest son, Sidney, is married to a Gershon, Dr. Nathan\nGershon's daughter. He belonged to the Ahavath Achim. My daughter is married to\nMorton Grosswald. His family originally belonged to Shearith Israel, ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39511/file/110979#t=2310.0,2340.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39511/file/110979/transcript/24523/annotation/79","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"but in the\nlast 15 years they all joined my synagogue. Then my third son, his wife was from\nWest Palm Beach, Florida. She was here working after she finished college and\nthat's where my son was introduced to her. Her name was Presecobb [sp]. None of\nthem were Sephardics.\n\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39511/file/110979#t=2340.0,2370.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39511/file/110979/transcript/24523/annotation/80","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"ALPERT: That's what I was getting to.\n\nTOURIAL: But you'd think they were. They act like it. We're proud of them.\n\nALPERT: I should think a family and doing all these things...\n\nTOURIAL: My mother-in-law was a great stickler of keeping the whole family\ntogether for every little holiday, big holiday or what not. My mother-in-law is\nnow 94 years old. She's self-sufficient. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39511/file/110979#t=2370.0,2400.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39511/file/110979/transcript/24523/annotation/81","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"She has her own apartment at the Jewish Tower.\n\nALPERT: Wonderful.\n\nTOURIAL: She does her own cooking. She gets around.\n\nALPERT: What's her name?\n\nTOURIAL: Her name is Sarah C. Rousso. Since my mother-in-law had to relinquish\nher duties, my wife, the whole family, the Rousso clan, my wife's brothers and\nsister, ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39511/file/110979#t=2400.0,2430.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39511/file/110979/transcript/24523/annotation/82","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"think that my wife has to do it all. Whether it's a Jewish holiday or\nThanksgiving or anything, my wife has the whole family together. She does all\nthe cooking and everything.\n\nALPERT: I wonder if your mother-in-law has been interviewed?\n\nTOURIAL: I'm sure she has. I don't know. She lives at the Jewish Tower. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39511/file/110979#t=2430.0,2460.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39511/file/110979/transcript/24523/annotation/83","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"That\ngives you a pretty good history.\n\nALPERT: It's a pretty full family.\n\nTOURIAL: Yes, thank G-d.\n\nALPERT: Long lived I would gather. Your wife, I know, is active in many things\nin the community.\n\nTOURIAL: Right.\n\nALPERT: When did she start to get that active?\n\nTOURIAL: I don't know. She's been pretty active for the last twenty years. She\nbelongs to this thing called DART. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39511/file/110979#t=2460.0,2490.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39511/file/110979/transcript/24523/annotation/84","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"She's a very active member of DART. She was\nvery active, until she had this knee operation, with Hadassah and also the\ncongregation. Also, my wife is a proofreader of all bills for the State Senate.\n\nALPERT: Really?\n\nTOURIAL: Yes, she's been doing it for over 20 years. She reads every bill that\ncomes through the Senate ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39511/file/110979#t=2490.0,2520.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39511/file/110979/transcript/24523/annotation/85","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"before it goes to the printer.\n\nALPERT: I didn't know they had a special person to do that.\n\nTOURIAL: Yes, in other words...\n\nALPERT: When you say bills, you don't mean bills that they owe money but bills\nthat they're going to enact into law.\n\nTOURIAL: Laws, yes. The senators put a bill, a law, 'in the hopper,' they call\nit, 'in the basket,' ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39511/file/110979#t=2520.0,2550.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39511/file/110979/transcript/24523/annotation/86","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and the Secretary of the Senate puts a number on it. That's\nhow it gets out of there. Sometimes they don't get a number and it doesn't get\n'out of the hopper' as they call it. When it does, the Secretary of the Senate\nwhich is my wife's boss picks out the bills that have to be passed and sent to\nthe State Senate the next day. They have a printing office ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39511/file/110979#t=2550.0,2580.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39511/file/110979/transcript/24523/annotation/87","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"downstairs in the\nstate Capitol, just like a big printing press. She proofs. She and one other\nperson have been proofreading all these bills, [making] corrections for\npunctuation and spelling and what not. Then they go to the printers, come up and\neach senator gets a copy of it. Then they vote on it or argue on it or whatever\nyou want to call it, debate on it.\n\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39511/file/110979#t=2580.0,2610.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39511/file/110979/transcript/24523/annotation/88","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"ALPERT: When you said bills, I first thought bills to be paid. That's why I\nreacted so.\n\nTOURIAL: I should have said laws.\n\nALPERT: Actually, Mr. Tourial, I didn't really ask you how the big Depression in\nthe 1930's hit your family and your business. I know you were married ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39511/file/110979#t=2610.0,2640.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39511/file/110979/transcript/24523/annotation/89","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"sort of in\nthe middle of it.\n\nTOURIAL: No, I was married after the Depression. I was married after [Franklin\nDelano] Roosevelt came in. In fact, I was married during World War II. See,\nWorld War II, it was December 1941 and I didn't get married until February of 1942.\n\nALPERT: How did the Depression affect your family and you?\n\nTOURIAL: It affected us just like everybody ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39511/file/110979#t=2640.0,2670.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39511/file/110979/transcript/24523/annotation/90","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"else. But, my uncle was a very\nlearned man through hardship but he was not a formally educated man except in\nHebrew school. In 1930, he was doing real well. He never had any children. He\nhelped quite a few people in the community ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39511/file/110979#t=2670.0,2700.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39511/file/110979/transcript/24523/annotation/91","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"whether or not they were members of\nOr VeShalom or other Jewish members. I remember in 1932, my mother had a few\ndollars. My uncle said to her, \"The bank is giving two-and-half to three\npercent. Let me have some of that money, I'm going to invest it and you'll get\neight to ten percent.\" All of that went down the drain. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39511/file/110979#t=2700.0,2730.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39511/file/110979/transcript/24523/annotation/92","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"He felt legally\nresponsible, I said legally, he felt morally responsible, that's the word he\nused, and since he didn't have any children, anything he had belonged to me and\nmy brother and my sister. We didn't suffer, thank G-d. In 1930, 1931, there used\nto be a bank here. I'm telling you this, I don't know if it's on the machine or\nnot, maybe you don't want to hear this.\n\nALPERT: Go ahead.\n\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39511/file/110979#t=2730.0,2760.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39511/file/110979/transcript/24523/annotation/93","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"TOURIAL: Since you asked the question, in 1930, 1931, I was getting ready in my\nsenior year in high school. I used to go in the afternoon to the store and do a\nlot of the bookkeeping because I was taking accounting in school. I would come\nin sometimes at 2:00 or 2:30 and he would tell me, \"I want you to go to the\nbank, not the regular bank, the Morris Plan Bank.\" Have you ever heard of the\nMorris Plan Bank? ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39511/file/110979#t=2760.0,2790.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39511/file/110979/transcript/24523/annotation/94","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"That used to be a bank that started in New York. They had\nbranches in most big cities. You would go in there and borrow $100 with two\nsignatures and they would give you $92. They would keep the $8 for interest\nright off the bat. There were some families almost destitute. They needed $300\nor $500. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39511/file/110979#t=2790.0,2820.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39511/file/110979/transcript/24523/annotation/95","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"My uncle, they would come and cry on his shoulder because they knew he\nwould help them. I'd come in and he'd say, \"I want you to go to the Morris, (I'm\n16 years old now), I want you to go to the Morris Plan Bank and sign a paper and\ncome back to the store.\" I'd say, \"Okay.\" I'd walk from Peachtree five or six\nblocks and walk back.\n\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39511/file/110979#t=2820.0,2850.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39511/file/110979/transcript/24523/annotation/96","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"TOURIAL: I had gone to the bank and I said to the man, after a year, \"Why does\nmy uncle want me to sign here? I'm only 17 years old. I'm not 21, legally\nresponsible.\" In those days, 21 was very legal. The man said, ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39511/file/110979#t=2850.0,2880.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39511/file/110979/transcript/24523/annotation/97","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\"I don't care if\nyou're one year old, as long as E. Tourial puts his name on there, that's all I\nwant.\" But he says, \"My bank requires two signatures.\" In 1932, when the\nDepression really hit Atlanta, we were paying the Morris Plan Bank as much as\n$600 to $1,000 a week. That was a weekly payment ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39511/file/110979#t=2880.0,2910.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39511/file/110979/transcript/24523/annotation/98","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"because... the other people\nwent bankrupt and he was totally, legally responsible. I learned what the story\nwas. He used to always tell me... I tried to buy some National Linen stock one\ntime, as a [Jewish] Progressive Club member when it was $1 a share in 1938 and\n1939. He said, \"You're not going to do it. I'm not going to let you.\" He took my\nmoney away from me. He said, ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39511/file/110979#t=2910.0,2940.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39511/file/110979/transcript/24523/annotation/99","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\"Remember one thing. You went and paid the Morris\nPlan Bank for these people that had, at one time were worth $1,000,000, $500,000\nin the stock market. We had $500,000 worth of inventory but it was paid for. It\nwas mine. Maybe it wasn't worth but $100,000 but we still had the inventory. We\ncould still eat, we could still live.\" He had those kinds of theories that were\ntough. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39511/file/110979#t=2940.0,2970.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39511/file/110979/transcript/24523/annotation/100","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"But they were real. That's how it was. You asked about the Depression\nback there. We weathered it and we continued growing. We had a good business and\nthat was it.\n\nALPERT: Were your customers able to pay your business or your uncle's business\nduring those times?\n\nTOURIAL: No, very little. We were suffering. In other words, ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39511/file/110979#t=2970.0,3000.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39511/file/110979/transcript/24523/annotation/101","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"they always owed\nmoney on the books. Accounts receivable was the main problem in this business.\nBusinesses that don't have accounts receivable... we had accounts receivables\nand they were bad. We had giant companies against us. We had a company like Jake\nH. Wilensky Leather Company and we had Atlanta Leather Company. Those companies\nthat had been in business since ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39511/file/110979#t=3000.0,3030.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39511/file/110979/transcript/24523/annotation/102","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"1880 and all that, they had the financial power\nand also...\n\nALPERT: Reserves.\n\nTOURIAL: ... in order to compete, we had to extend credit. That was bad. But we\nweathered it. That was it.\n\nALPERT: Great. And your children grew up during this period?\n\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39511/file/110979#t=3030.0,3060.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39511/file/110979/transcript/24523/annotation/103","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"TOURIAL: No, my children grew up after. My oldest son was born in 1943.\n\nALPERT: It was getting better at that point.\n\nTOURIAL: Yes. By the time that was 10 years old, the [World War II] was way over\nand we had a good thing. After that, in the 1950's, we had a little depression\nbut the country snapped out of that fast. By the time my son, Danny, was born in\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39511/file/110979#t=3060.0,3090.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39511/file/110979/transcript/24523/annotation/104","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"1951 and my son, David, was born in 1954, there was no depression, per se, there\nwas inflation. That's how we weathered that. During the Depression, no, I wasn't\nmarried. We were not tight but we were frugal. My mother knew how much to give\nus to spend a week. We didn't have ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39511/file/110979#t=3090.0,3120.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39511/file/110979/transcript/24523/annotation/105","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"money like... a kid 15 years old, he can open\nhis wallet and show you $100. We couldn't even show you $1. That was the difference.\n\nALPERT: Different times. After World War II and things were rolling along well\nfor you, there were other wars that we were in, maybe not so big; did they\naffect the business ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39511/file/110979#t=3120.0,3150.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39511/file/110979/transcript/24523/annotation/106","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and your family and your children?\n\nTOURIAL: It affected the business very much because during World War II it was\nvery, very hard to buy merchandise, especially leather. You couldn't touch\nleather. You had to have a certificate from the War Production Board. Then you\ncouldn't sell it for what you wanted. We had to sell it for the OPA, the Office\nof Price Administration. Every invoice had to have that ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39511/file/110979#t=3150.0,3180.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39511/file/110979/transcript/24523/annotation/107","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"inside. When the Korean\nWar started, people thought it was going to be the same thing and people started\nloading up. It didn't last and then it was tough trying to collect that money\nbecause people were buying instead of one, they were buying 50 and all that. It\nmade it bad. Then when the Korean War was over, everything was ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39511/file/110979#t=3180.0,3210.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39511/file/110979/transcript/24523/annotation/108","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"normal. It took a\nwhile, but then you started with Vietnam and nobody wanted to buy ahead then,\nbecause they'd learned their lesson from the Korean War. It affected prices\nonly. It didn't affect supplies. It affected price. For example, we would sell a\npair of shoes for $5.50 wholesale to this mama and papa store. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39511/file/110979#t=3210.0,3240.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39511/file/110979/transcript/24523/annotation/109","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"They sold for\n$14.99. We had to get $10 for that. We sold a boot that was made in\nCzechoslovakia, top notch. We were selling it wholesale for $10. Here comes\nK-Mart, and they were retailing it for $10.99, same boot from Czechoslovakia.\nIt's tough. That's what happened to the business. When you've got giants ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39511/file/110979#t=3240.0,3270.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39511/file/110979/transcript/24523/annotation/110","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"like\nK-Mart, Wal-Mart, J. C. Penney, Sears, Roebuck, companies like that, there's no\nway of competing with those people.\n\nALPERT: Even though you were [struggling], it sounds as though you were quite\nbig at one point.\n\nTOURIAL: At one point, we were big.\n\nALPERT: Regionally big.\n\nTOURIAL: But we didn't, it just kept dying out. It was harder and harder ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39511/file/110979#t=3270.0,3300.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39511/file/110979/transcript/24523/annotation/111","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"to\ncollect the money. That was the main problem with us.\n\nALPERT: You couldn't sell to J. C. Penney or any of those other stores.\n\nTOURIAL: It was no advantage to them to buy from us. They bought direct. In\nfact, they'd bypass the agent and the importer. They sent their own buyer to\nCzechoslovakia or to Spain. We were buying a wallaby ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39511/file/110979#t=3300.0,3330.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39511/file/110979/transcript/24523/annotation/112","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"in suede with a crepe sole\nfrom Spain. We thought we were doing... the English wallaby from England was\nexpensive and we had a replica. Then here comes a company like Wal-Mart and\nK-Mart, they went direct to Spain. We had to buy from the importer in New York.\nHow much could we buy... 20,000 or 50,000. They went out and bought the supply.\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39511/file/110979#t=3330.0,3360.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39511/file/110979/transcript/24523/annotation/113","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"They had companies all over the country and Woolworth and all had stores\noverseas. That's the way it was.\n\nALPERT: Were your sons involved in the Korean War or Vietnam?\n\nTOURIAL: My oldest son, Sidney, was in the Navy during the Korean War. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39511/file/110979#t=3360.0,3390.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39511/file/110979/transcript/24523/annotation/114","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"He was an\nofficer because he had already graduated dental school. He went in as a dentist.\nHe stayed in two years but he was stationed at the Pentagon. We were so happy\nand he was so mad. He had written the naval department that he wanted to go on a\nship... young guy, 22 to 23 years old, they thought that was the thing to do.\nBut we were happy. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39511/file/110979#t=3390.0,3420.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39511/file/110979/transcript/24523/annotation/115","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"All of the sudden we get a call that Susan's pregnant\nexpecting her second child. It was a son. Then we embarked. About 15 of us go to\nthe bris, all the Gershons, her side and my side, my brother, my\nbrothers-in-law, my mother-in-law. No, my mother-in-law didn't come. She was\nvisiting her brother in South America at that time. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39511/file/110979#t=3420.0,3450.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39511/file/110979/transcript/24523/annotation/116","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Now, Robert, he's 22, he's\ngoing to graduate University of Georgia this June. He was born in Washington, D.C.\n\nALPERT: He's the one.\n\nTOURIAL: He's the one.\n\nALPERT: You talk about your mother-in-law but you didn't say when your mother died.\n\nTOURIAL: My mother died on February 4 on my birthday in 1959.\n\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39511/file/110979#t=3450.0,3480.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39511/file/110979/transcript/24523/annotation/117","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"ALPERT: Here in town?\n\nTOURIAL: Yes, she lived with us. My daughters and my oldest son, they were\nteenagers. My son was 15 and my daughters were 12 and 10. They remember. In\nfact, my daughter, Sara, sometimes invites us over and she'll make a dish and\nsomebody says, \"When did you learn how to do this? How did you make that?\" She\nsays, ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39511/file/110979#t=3480.0,3510.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39511/file/110979/transcript/24523/annotation/118","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\"You forget. Grandma, when we came from school, she used to pull us by the\near, 'Come to the kitchen and watch me cook.'\" She made them cook.\n\nALPERT: Good, that's how they learn.\n\nTOURIAL: That's how they learn. They speak Spanish. The two girls speak Spanish\nfluently because my mother wouldn't speak to them in nothing but Spanish. Even\nthough she could speak English, she would speak to them only in Spanish at home.\n\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39511/file/110979#t=3510.0,3540.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39511/file/110979/transcript/24523/annotation/119","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"ALPERT: I think it's good to have more than one language, to be able to speak\nmore than one language.\n\nTOURIAL: Sometimes I feel so mad at myself because I could have learned to speak\nat least four languages. Now I can speak a little English and a little Spanish.\nI speak Spanish fluently, but I told you that my mother and father spoke Greek,\nItalian, Turkish and we'd make fun of them. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39511/file/110979#t=3540.0,3570.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39511/file/110979/transcript/24523/annotation/120","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"We'd pick a word here and a word\nthere. Today, I'm this age and I say, \"I wish that I could converse with those\nGreeks across the street.\" You kind of kick yourself. I could have learned that.\n\nALPERT: Painlessly, too.\n\nTOURIAL: Yes.\n\nALPERT: While we're talking about death, does ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39511/file/110979#t=3570.0,3600.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39511/file/110979/transcript/24523/annotation/121","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Or VeShalom have a separate\nsection in the cemetery here?\n\nTOURIAL: In 1920, they had a little organization that used to collect nickels\nand dimes. They had the little boxes like I got the Jewish National Fund now.\nEvery month two men from the committee, from the board, would come out and\ncollect those little boxes, $1, $1.25, whatever was in that box. They\naccumulated $2,000 or ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39511/file/110979#t=3600.0,3630.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39511/file/110979/transcript/24523/annotation/122","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"$3,000 dollars and they bought a strip of land next to the\nShearith Israel and Greenwood Cemetery in 1920. I don't know what part of the\nyear or anything. Then two fellows died in between the next year or so and they\nwere the two first people there. Then in January of 1923, my father died. He is\nburied the third one in that strip. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39511/file/110979#t=3630.0,3660.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39511/file/110979/transcript/24523/annotation/123","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Right next to us there was a strip of land\nat the corner that came available. I don't know how many graves came available\nfor $55,000. This little organization that I was telling you about that had\nnickels and dimes was growing into big, big bucks. The charity... the people\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39511/file/110979#t=3660.0,3690.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39511/file/110979/transcript/24523/annotation/124","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"wanted to give to the congregation $20, $1, $100, whatever. It would go into\nwhat we called the chevra kadisha... the people that bury and go visit the sick\nand all that. That fund stays away from the operating fund. Absolutely has\nnothing to do with the operating fund. They paid cash for that... $55,000 and\nbought that strip. About four years ago, ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39511/file/110979#t=3690.0,3720.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39511/file/110979/transcript/24523/annotation/125","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"maybe five, maybe three, the whole\ncorner came available for $200,000 or $150,000. We still owe on that but they're\npaying it. We're not assessing anybody.\n\nALPERT: Still from the little pushkes?\n\nTOURIAL: The little pushkes. That's right. But it's not little pushkes anymore.\nPeople go to the Torah, or they have a yahrzeit you know what that is?\n\nALPERT: Yes.\n\nTOURIAL: Alright, they have a yahrzeit, ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39511/file/110979#t=3720.0,3750.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39511/file/110979/transcript/24523/annotation/126","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"they give $25. Some give $100. Some give\n$50. All of that goes into that fund unless you specify the building fund or\nsomething. It all goes in that fund. That fund pays for all of that. That fund\nused to be for during the Depression they had a few widows, one or two widows or\norphans or something, they would send them a check every month. Nobody knew who\nthe check was [to], nobody knew ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39511/file/110979#t=3750.0,3780.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39511/file/110979/transcript/24523/annotation/127","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"how much it was. It was just two guys on that\ncommittee. That's the way it still operates.\n\nALPERT: That's nice.\n\nTOURIAL: They don't even tell you what the balance in the bank is. I'm not kidding.\n\nALPERT: That's really very nice.\n\nTOURIAL: That's interesting to know. But you have to know the conditions of the\nSephardic Jews that came from Turkey and from Rhodes.\n\nALPERT: Tell me.\n\nTOURIAL: I'm going to tell you. They didn't believe in buying on credit because\nit was like Korea, nobody would sell them on credit. They didn't buy anything if\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39511/file/110979#t=3780.0,3810.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39511/file/110979/transcript/24523/annotation/128","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"they didn't have the money to pay for it. That's the way we built this\nsynagogue. When we moved into this synagogue, we didn't owe any money on it. We\ndon't have a mortgage on that synagogue.\n\nALPERT: That's wonderful.\n\nTOURIAL: We can ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39511/file/110979#t=3810.0,3840.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39511/file/110979/transcript/24523/annotation/129","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"truthfully say that we're the only synagogue or temple in\nAtlanta who can say that. Ahavath Achim, as big as they are and as rich as they\nare, they can't say that. Of course, we get into debt once in a while. For\nexample, we had to put on a new roof last year for $125,000. One guy signed for\nit and we pay so much. But no actual mortgage.\n\nALPERT: Great. You were telling me about the condition when people first came\nfrom Turkey and Rhodes.\n\nTOURIAL: Yes, ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39511/file/110979#t=3840.0,3870.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39511/file/110979/transcript/24523/annotation/130","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"they didn't have nothing. Some of them came with a $5 gold piece\nin their pocket that their father gave them. That's actual facts. A $5 gold\npiece in 1919 and 1915 was like $5,000 today. My uncle used to tell me about,\nmaybe you don't want to hear this.\n\nALPERT: No, it's alright.\n\nTOURIAL: He used to tell me about a shoe repairman who came from Turkey or from\nthe Isle of Rhodes. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39511/file/110979#t=3870.0,3900.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39511/file/110979/transcript/24523/annotation/131","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"He befriended my uncle and came in there and my uncle gave\nhim a job, but he didn't need him. Anyhow, after he was here about a month my\nuncle told him, he said, \"This big shoe shop, Gwinn's Shoe Shop, on Marietta\nStreet... he wants you and he's going to give you $5 a week.\" We're talking\nabout 1910 or something like that. The fellow went to work. They gave him the\njob. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39511/file/110979#t=3900.0,3930.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39511/file/110979/transcript/24523/annotation/132","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"He was a very good repairman because that was his business in Rhodes. He\nknew how to make shoes. He worked really good, so at the end of the day the man\ngave him a $5 bill. He takes the $5 bill and he says in his half English in what\nhe learned, \"You can't pay me with paper. I want money.\" ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39511/file/110979#t=3930.0,3960.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39511/file/110979/transcript/24523/annotation/133","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"He wanted coins, silver\ncoins. He wanted $5 in coins. Do you believe that? This is a true fact. I don't\nwant to mention names but his sons are operating one of the best businesses in\nAtlanta today that this fellow started during World War I as a shoe repairman. I\ndon't want to put that on tape... I don't want to mention names.\n\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39511/file/110979#t=3960.0,3990.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39511/file/110979/transcript/24523/annotation/134","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"ALPERT: Did they have... I have learned about organizations called\n'landsmanschaften' groups where people from a certain town or a certain village\nwhen they came over here they would be the ones who helped other people from\nthat town.\n\nTOURIAL: They came from Russia. Those people were the ones that came from either\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39511/file/110979#t=3990.0,4020.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39511/file/110979/transcript/24523/annotation/135","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Russia or somewhere.\n\nALPERT: But not from Rhodes or Turkey?\n\nTOURIAL: No.\n\nALPERT: I didn't know.\n\nTOURIAL: Not until later. After they realized that we were Jews. At first these\npeople that came from Russia and Poland, they didn't think that the Sephardics,\nthey didn't know of Sephardic Jews. The German Jews did, because a lot of the\nSephardics that were kicked out of Spain went to Holland and Germany. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39511/file/110979#t=4020.0,4050.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39511/file/110979/transcript/24523/annotation/136","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"A lot of\nthe German temples today like in Savannah, Georgia, the Congregation Mickve\nIsrael, the oldest temple in the country, that King George [III] gave the\nauthorization to [General James Edward] Oglethorpe to give them a charter. It's\nthe oldest chartered temple in the United States. It used to be a Sephardic\nsynagogue. Then in 1860... ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39511/file/110979#t=4050.0,4080.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39511/file/110979/transcript/24523/annotation/137","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"when Sephardism was not, there was no more influx of\nSpanish Jews in the country, but the German Jews started coming in and it became\na Reform temple. It's still right in downtown Savannah. It's still going. Then\nlater on, after, I would say it had to be in the late 1920's or early 1930's\nwhen the Federation used to help people whether they were Sephardic Jews, ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39511/file/110979#t=4080.0,4110.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39511/file/110979/transcript/24523/annotation/138","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"German\nJews, Russian Jews, it had no effect. There used to be a woman by the name of\nRose Goldstein, Dr. Irving Goldstein's sister. She was head of this thing. She\nwould come to my uncle because he was a member of the board. I remember I was a\nyoung man and she would say, \"What about this family. Do they need help?\" \"No.\"\nIf my uncle said, \"Yes, they need help,\" they got help. They used to work it\nlike that ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39511/file/110979#t=4110.0,4140.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39511/file/110979/transcript/24523/annotation/139","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"in those days. We've progressed through that now.\n\nALPERT: It's organized a little differently now.\n\nTOURIAL: They did the best they could with the finances they had. Don't forget,\nwhen the Russian Jews and the Polish Jews started influxing in 1900 and 1890,\nthey didn't have no more money than the Sephardics did that came from Turkey and\nthe Isle of Rhodes.\n\nALPERT: Right.\n\nTOURIAL: But the ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39511/file/110979#t=4140.0,4170.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39511/file/110979/transcript/24523/annotation/140","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"German Jews that came, some of them were already merchants in\nGermany. They knew what to do when they came here. You take Macy's, that fellow,\nStraus, it started right here in Georgia... Talbotton, Georgia. They've got a\nbig plaque where [Isadore] Straus, the owner of Macy's Department Store started\nright here. I can give you history.\n\nALPERT: That's what I'm asking for.\n\nTOURIAL: I'm giving it to you. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39511/file/110979#t=4170.0,4200.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39511/file/110979/transcript/24523/annotation/141","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"You didn't know all that. Everybody knows just\nwhat's with them. But, with me going around and traveling with my salesmen and\neverything else, I got to meet a lot of people.\n\nALPERT: Yes, must be. You have been active for so long in the community, have\nthere been any honors or any dinners ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39511/file/110979#t=4200.0,4230.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39511/file/110979/transcript/24523/annotation/142","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"honoring you for one thing or another that\nyou've done or contributed to?\n\nTOURIAL: Yes, they honored me and my wife for the Israel Bond Dinner. That's the\nonly thing. The congregation, the only one we ever gave an honor to was to the\nrabbi or something like that. Every year we have the congregation ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39511/file/110979#t=4230.0,4260.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39511/file/110979/transcript/24523/annotation/143","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"nominate a\ncertain couple who would be the recipients of the award of the Israel Bond.\nAbout eight or ten years ago my wife and I...\n\nALPERT: Eight to ten years ago, in that era?\n\nTOURIAL: Yes, maybe more, I don't think it was much more that.\n\nALPERT: Any other, from any other ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39511/file/110979#t=4260.0,4290.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39511/file/110979/transcript/24523/annotation/144","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"organizations?\n\nTOURIAL: No, not particularly.\n\nALPERT: Sometimes people forget about it after a while.\n\nTOURIAL: That's right, like this Israel Bond. I don't know. Other than my\nfiftieth wedding anniversary.\n\nALPERT: How was that celebrated?\n\nTOURIAL: My kids gave us a dinner at the ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39511/file/110979#t=4290.0,4320.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39511/file/110979/transcript/24523/annotation/145","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Marriott Marquis. We had about 250 people.\n\nALPERT: More than your family then.\n\nTOURIAL: Friends, sure. My sister even flew in. My wife and I and my daughter\nand my son said we're going to have dinner here. We go to the hotel and we say,\n\"What are we going to the hotel for?\" We open the door, there's my sister from\nCalifornia. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39511/file/110979#t=4320.0,4350.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39511/file/110979/transcript/24523/annotation/146","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Honest to goodness, we didn't expect it. My wife's two first cousins\nfrom Montgomery, Alabama and their husbands. My cousin from Charlotte, North\nCarolina. They had the whole family plus quite a few friends that we go with in Atlanta.\n\nALPERT: That must have been a fun thing, festive thing.\n\nTOURIAL: Yes, the kids... somebody gave or donated.\n\nALPERT: That's nice to have that. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39511/file/110979#t=4350.0,4380.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39511/file/110979/transcript/24523/annotation/147","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Now, you have to work towards the\nseventy-fifth one, right?\n\nTOURIAL: You're optimistic.\n\nALPERT: Why not?\n\nTOURIAL: That's going to be looking forward to, let's put it that way.\n\nALPERT: Right.\n\nTOURIAL: You know what I tell my wife? I want that baby that's only a month old,\nI want her to get old enough to remember me.\n\nALPERT: Right. That's for the short term.\n\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39511/file/110979#t=4380.0,4410.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39511/file/110979/transcript/24523/annotation/148","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"TOURIAL: The other boy, who's two years and four months, ever since he was six\nor seven months old and he started uttering sounds. By the time he was ten\nmonths old, he was calling my name before he said one word to anybody. But he\nwas calling my nickname. See, my oldest grandson couldn't say 'Bob,' 'papa' or\nnothing like that. He would call him 'babum.' ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39511/file/110979#t=4410.0,4440.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39511/file/110979/transcript/24523/annotation/149","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"As they went along the other boy\nwas born and that's it. Then my grandson that's in Athens that's going to\ngraduate in June, he was in his first year in Maryland. He didn't like\nMaryland... he changed back to Athens. He disappointed his mother and his father\nbut he didn't like Maryland. He said, \"That's for people...\" ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39511/file/110979#t=4440.0,4470.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39511/file/110979/transcript/24523/annotation/150","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Now his sister, she\ngraduated University of Pennsylvania in Philadelphia, but he didn't like\nMaryland. But anyway, when I was in the hospital, he called up one day long\ndistance and he said, \"Bob senior, this is Bob junior.\" Would you believe, even\nthis baby two years old is calling me Bob now. Nobody knows what my name is or\nwhat relation I am to him. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39511/file/110979#t=4470.0,4500.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39511/file/110979/transcript/24523/annotation/151","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"My oldest son, he got mad at his son for calling me\n[Bob]. I said, \"Why are you getting mad? I think that's endearment terms. If\nthey didn't love me, they wouldn't call me like that.\"\n\nALPERT: Right. That's true.\n\nTOURIAL: Because he's named after me, too, but he said, \"Bob senior, this is Bob\njunior.\" We don't have seniors and juniors. We have once removed. The\nAshkenazim, though, they don't have at all on the living names.\n\nALPERT: I know.\n\nTOURIAL: You know that, too.\n\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39511/file/110979#t=4500.0,4530.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39511/file/110979/transcript/24523/annotation/152","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"ALPERT: Some things, a few things I know.\n\nTOURIAL: Yes, that's it...\n\nTOURIAL: ... makes four of them. Would you believe nobody calls me 'Ralph'? They\ncall me 'Bob.' They all call me 'Bob'... the whole congregation calls me that.\n\nALPERT: I didn't realize your nickname was that well known.\n\nTOURIAL: That's right.\n\nALPERT: That can be a source of ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39511/file/110979#t=4530.0,4560.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39511/file/110979/transcript/24523/annotation/153","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"enjoyment and endearment as you said.\n\nTOURIAL: Children have always fascinated me.\n\nTOURIAL: The boys, Greg, the oldest one, he's named after [my daughter-in-law's]\nfather who was named George. He died just before she got married. They call this\nboy ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39511/file/110979#t=4560.0,4590.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39511/file/110979/transcript/24523/annotation/154","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Greg instead of George. The one that was just born? He's a baby, only a\nmonth old, and they call him Ryan instead of Ralph. Let them call them whatever\nthey want. I told my wife, that's not our business. We had our share.\n\nALPERT: You did it the way you wanted to.\n\nTOURIAL: That's right.\n\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39511/file/110979#t=4590.0,4620.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39511/file/110979/transcript/24523/annotation/155","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"ALPERT: At the moment, I think we've covered just about everything I can think of.\n\nTOURIAL: I think I've unleashed my life to you. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39511/file/110979#t=4620.0,4650.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39511/file/110979/transcript/24523/annotation/156","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Maybe I've told you too much.\n\nALPERT: Whatever you unleashed it stays with me. I even forget people's names after.\n\nTOURIAL: I don't think I've said anything I'm ashamed of.\n\nALPERT: I'm sure you didn't. And it will only be used for research and\nprofessional purposes. TOURIAL: In other words, the Jewish people here in Atlanta?\n\nALPERT: Yes.\n\nTOURIAL: You don't want to hear this, do you?\n\nALPERT: Yes.\n\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39511/file/110979#t=4650.0,4680.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39511/file/110979/transcript/24523/annotation/157","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"TOURIAL: The Jewish people here in Atlanta, just like my uncle was with the\nSephardic Jews, there was a fellow by the name of [Harry] Smith. He used to sell\njunk and bottles. Then he became the H. Smith Bottle Supply. His sons made it\nbig. He used to have a place on Decatur Street about a half a block across from\nthe jail house, the police station. If you ever walked on Decatur Street, ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39511/file/110979#t=4680.0,4710.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39511/file/110979/transcript/24523/annotation/158","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"you\nsay, \"Are you going to see the mayor of Decatur Street?\" Everybody thought if\nyou were a Jewish fellow, you went to see Abe Smith to get you out of trouble.\nHe knew the city judges and, not only that, he would help you financially. But\nthe way I knew him, I knew him through his son-in-law. Then I met his whole\nfamily. But what I was getting ready to say is, each community had their own\nlittle mayor, so to speak, their own little guy.\n\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39511/file/110979#t=4710.0,4740.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39511/file/110979/transcript/24523/annotation/159","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"ALPERT: Your uncle was a guy like that.\n\nTOURIAL: Yes, that's what I said, my uncle was like that. Anybody who needed\nanything whether it was money, bond to get him out of jail, whatever, they\nalways came to him. I used to tell him, \"This guy's in the restaurant business.\nThis guy's in something else. Why is he coming here for?\" \"He needs help.\" I was\na young punk, see, and you ask those questions.\n\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39511/file/110979#t=4740.0,4770.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39511/file/110979/transcript/24523/annotation/160","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"ALPERT: That's how you learn.\n\nTOURIAL: I'm going to tell you a little story real quick before you 1eave. My\nuncle, in 1920, my father was still living. We were kids, babies, he and his\nwife decided to go back to the Isle of Rhodes to see my grandfather and my\ngrandmother, my father's father and mother. He got to Greece, this was in 1920,\nand they landed the boat, this was by boat, ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39511/file/110979#t=4770.0,4800.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39511/file/110979/transcript/24523/annotation/161","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"in Piraeus. It's a seaport of\nAthens, Greece. He gets a cable that his father died and he was only six hours\naway from the Isle of Rhodes. Anyway, he goes there and he stays his period of\nmourning, 30 days, and he wanted to come home. He tells his mother, my\ngrandmother, he says, \"Mama, I'm going to take you back to Atlanta.\" He had two\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39511/file/110979#t=4800.0,4830.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39511/file/110979/transcript/24523/annotation/162","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"unmarried sisters; my father had two younger sisters. He said, \"We're going to\nAtlanta.\" My grandmother says, \"No.\" She will not go to Atlanta. He said, \"Why?\"\nShe said, \"I cannot move out of this house for a year.\" It was a year of\nmourning, wearing that veil of black and, all. The old man stayed there, my\nuncle stayed there with his wife for a whole year, my father was running his\nbusiness, ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39511/file/110979#t=4830.0,4860.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39511/file/110979/transcript/24523/annotation/163","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"my father's business and his business. Anyway, the year was up and\nhere comes my uncle, my grandmother, her two daughters, my uncle and his wife.\nThey weren't here a year-and-a-half and my father died. I got old enough, like I\ntold you, I used to come after school, my uncle says, \"Here it is, a $2,000\ncheck,\" for example, approximately, maybe more, he says, ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39511/file/110979#t=4860.0,4890.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39511/file/110979/transcript/24523/annotation/164","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\"Here's a $2,000 check\nand I want you to go,\" and he gave me a list of about five names with Italian\nliras. Take about $500 in American money and buy it in Italian. It would be\n10,000 Italian liras. That went on for years, then I got old enough, then I was\nrunning the business. Then he was still, giving me the check to go buy, every\nRosh Ha-Shanah and every Passover. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39511/file/110979#t=4890.0,4920.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39511/file/110979/transcript/24523/annotation/165","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Twice a year he would buy these people this\nthing. He died October 18, 1941, fast... in September, he gave me this check and\nsaid, \"Buy these five money orders or whatever in Italian liras,\" so they could\nbe easily cashed over there.\n\nALPERT: You were ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39511/file/110979#t=4920.0,4950.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39511/file/110979/transcript/24523/annotation/166","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"sending this money...\n\nTOURIAL: ... to Rhodes. Out of all these years... 10, 15 years that he was doing\nthat while I was growing up, I never asked him a question. All of the sudden,\nwhen I came back with this money and I'm addressing these envelopes on the\ntypewriter, I said to him... his desk was here and my desk was there, we just\nhad the two of us in the office, private from the others... ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39511/file/110979#t=4950.0,4980.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39511/file/110979/transcript/24523/annotation/167","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I said, \"Uncle, let\nme ask you something. All these five people are relatives of ours? How come I\nnever heard my mother talk about them?\" He said, \"We have no relatives. We don't\nhave a single relative left in the Isle of Rhodes.\" I said, \"What is this\nmoney?\" He said, \"Let me explain it to you. Remember when I stayed there a whole\nyear? It was such poor people there, ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39511/file/110979#t=4980.0,5010.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39511/file/110979/transcript/24523/annotation/168","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"had no way of income... those people.\" My\nuncle used to go to buy fish on Thursday for my aunt and my grandmother to cook.\nHe said, \"They wouldn't let me pick up one needle. They would take and deliver\nit to my house.\" These old guys... they used to call them 'bus' guys. You've\nseen 'Scrooge' and you've seen these ancient English movies where a guy would do\nthis. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39511/file/110979#t=5010.0,5040.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39511/file/110979/transcript/24523/annotation/169","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"These five guys would run errands for my uncle and he had nothing to do\nbut go to cafes and all that. Lo and behold, not even 30 days past, my uncle\ndied. He died of uremic toxic poisoning that the damn doctors here couldn't\ndiagnose. Had the best doctors and he died at Georgia Baptist Hospital. Dr.\n[Morris Ben] Taranto told me... who was a very good friend of mine. I know\nyou've heard of Dr. Taranto. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39511/file/110979#t=5040.0,5070.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39511/file/110979/transcript/24523/annotation/170","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"He died, too. I said, \"Doctor, what about it?\" He\nsaid, \"Ralph, when your uncle had this problem there was no such thing as sulfur\nmelamine, sulphur theoddone. There was no such thing as penicillin. There was\nnothing that they could give that man to stop that influx of poison to his\nkidneys through his blood stream. Once that becomes urea to the blood stream,\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39511/file/110979#t=5070.0,5100.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39511/file/110979/transcript/24523/annotation/171","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"you're gone. But anyway, I always say to myself, something must have told me,\n\"Ask that man who these people are.\" Lo and behold. I found out who they were.\nI'd never heard of their names before but I wrote, for 10, 15 years, I wrote\nthose checks.\n\nALPERT: Did you continue that same pattern?\n\nTOURIAL: For a while and then after a while I didn't. I never heard from them no\nmore. Then the ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39511/file/110979#t=5100.0,5130.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39511/file/110979/transcript/24523/annotation/172","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"war came on. You didn't know whether... you've got rumors... my\naunt, she was taken, my mother's sister, was taken from the Isle of Rhodes, my\nmother-in-law's mother was taken, sent to the gas chambers.\n\nALPERT: Yes, you don't know who's left and who isn't and where the money's going.\n\nTOURIAL: We didn't hear no more from them. But for a while I did, really. That,\nto me, has been a mystery why ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39511/file/110979#t=5130.0,5160.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39511/file/110979/transcript/24523/annotation/173","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I'd have said, I'm not going to say 100 years but\n10 years, why I never asked the man before. Something must have told me.\n\nALPERT: To ask at that time?\n\nTOURIAL: Yes, something must have told me, \"You better find out who these people\nare.\" But anyway, he told me and thought nothing of it. He did it\nwholeheartedly. I don't believe another person including my wife knows about\nthat. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39511/file/110979#t=5160.0,5190.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39511/file/110979/transcript/24523/annotation/174","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"It was one of those things you do to satisfy yourself.\n\nALPERT: They probably were a tremendous help to him the year that he spent there.\n\nTOURIAL: It was. Otherwise, he'd go crazy. In those days, people were devoted to\ntheir mothers and their fathers. Like my father and my mother always said ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39511/file/110979#t=5190.0,5220.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39511/file/110979/transcript/24523/annotation/175","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"my\ngrandfather met my mother on the way from Izmir, Turkey to Rhodes and my\ngrandfather had just retired. He was a rabbi and retired to Rhodes as an old\nman. Through another uncle on my mother's side, he met my mother and he wrote my\nfather here in America, he said, \"Listen, I'm sending you a wife. It's time you\ngot married.\" He gave my mother passage and sent her with his youngest son. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39511/file/110979#t=5220.0,5250.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39511/file/110979/transcript/24523/annotation/176","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"He\nwrote my uncle the same thing, he says, \"I'm sending two women and your brother,\nDavid, who is my uncle, and your brother, David, will tell you who's who.\"\nThat's the way it was. Then when I was born and my sister was born my father\nwrote to his father, \"What shall I name them if it's a boy?\" Everything was done.\n\nALPERT: In the family.\n\nTOURIAL: Yes, do you know what I mean? All with respect of the mother and\nfather. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39511/file/110979#t=5250.0,5280.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39511/file/110979/transcript/24523/annotation/177","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"They kept that. Today we don't have that respect of ma and pa whether\nyou're Jews or non-Jews.\n\nALPERT: That's true.\n\nTOURIAL: That's our problem, really. Of course, I can't solve it. Don't\nmisunderstand me but I know it was different.\n\nALPERT: Yes, yes it was, in many ways.\n\nTOURIAL: That's right.\n\nALPERT: I thank you very much.\n\nTOURIAL: See if you can find me the card ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39511/file/110979#t=5280.0,5310.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39511/file/110979/transcript/24523/annotation/178","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"with your address and I want to mail\nyou that little photo.\n\nTOURIAL: I never gave it a thought really. It's just now, since she started\nhaving this arthritic condition that she has to have a metal plate put in her\nknee, then I started raising sand sort of.\n\nALPERT: Was she active in organizations when your children were little?\n\nTOURIAL: She was active up to a point. Not like she has been in the last 15\nyears. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39511/file/110979#t=5310.0,5340.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39511/file/110979/transcript/24523/annotation/179","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"The kids have grown. It's different. She helped organize this bazaar they\nhave, this yearly bazaar that I was telling you.\n\nALPERT: I've been to it.\n\nTOURIAL: Have you? My wife was the starter of this thing. They don't move, even\nthough I tell her she had to give it up, she had to give it up. Would you\nbelieve when she was in the hospital a year and a half ago and had this\noperation on her knee, some girl from one of the offices ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39511/file/110979#t=5340.0,5370.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39511/file/110979/transcript/24523/annotation/180","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"of the board of the\nsisterhood called her at the room? I happened to answer the phone and I said,\n\"She can't answer the phone.\" She wanted to ask her questions about the bazaar.\nI literally... if it wasn't that my wife gets so frustrated at me, I literally\nwould have really bawled her out. The idea of calling somebody in the hospital\nwhen you're having a knee replaced or something like that. It's not that you\nwere there with a cold or the flu or something like that. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39511/file/110979#t=5370.0,5400.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39511/file/110979/transcript/24523/annotation/181","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"But she's very\ndedicated. If the rabbi wants something done, he calls my wife. The wife of the\nrabbi, all of the sudden she calls at ten o'clock and I said, \"What does she want?\"\n\nALPERT: The rabbi's wife, too?\n\nTOURIAL: Yes, if they want anything done, they'll call my wife.\n\nALPERT: Mr. Tourial, ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39511/file/110979#t=5400.0,5430.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39511/file/110979/transcript/24523/annotation/182","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"it has been a pleasure and an honor to interview you. I've\nenjoyed it very much and I appreciate all the time you've given me. If you think\nof anything else that I've forgotten, please call me. You have my number and if\nI think of anything that I may have forgotten, I'll call you. Please be sure to\nsend me the photograph. Thank you.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39511/file/110979#t=5430.0,5460.0"}]},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39511/file/110979/annotation_set/442","type":"AnnotationPage","label":{"en":["Ralph Tourial [Transcript]"]},"items":[{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39511/file/110979/annotation_set/442/annotation/183","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe descendants of Jews who left Spain or Portugal after the 1492 expulsion are referred to as ‘Sephardim.’ The word comes from the Hebrew word for ‘Spain.’  The Sephardic community scattered across Europe, the Mediterranean and to North Africa.  Sephardic Jews use Ladino instead of Hebrew, which is a combination of Hebrew and Spanish.  Some of their customs and liturgy varies slightly from that of the Ashkenazi Jews.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39511/file/110979#t=60.0,90.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39511/file/110979/annotation_set/442/annotation/184","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eAshkenazi is an ethnic division of Jews which formed in the Holy Roman Empire in the early 1000’s. They established communities in Central and Eastern Europe.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39511/file/110979#t=60.0,90.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39511/file/110979/annotation_set/442/annotation/185","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eAhavath Achim was founded in 1887 in a small room on Gilmer Street.  In 1920 they moved to a permanent building at the corner of Piedmont and Gilmer Street.  Rabbi Abraham Hirmes was the first rabbi of the then Orthodox congregation.  In 1928 Rabbi Harry Epstein became the rabbi and the congregation began to shift to Conservatism, which they joined in 1952.  The synagogue is now on Peachtree Battle.  Cantor Isaac Goodfriend, a Holocaust survivor, joined the congregation in 1966 and remained until his retirement.  Rabbi Epstein retired in 1982, becoming Rabbi Emeritus and Rabbi Arnold Goodman assumed the rabbinic post.  He too retired in 2002 and Rabbi Neil Sandler is now (2016) the rabbi.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39511/file/110979#t=60.0,90.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39511/file/110979/annotation_set/442/annotation/186","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eGrady Memorial Hospital is the largest hospital in Georgia, and the fifth-largest public hospital in the United States. It is considered one of the premier public hospitals in the Southeast.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39511/file/110979#t=90.0,120.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39511/file/110979/annotation_set/442/annotation/187","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eKosher/Kashrut is the set of Jewish dietary laws.  Food that may be consumed according to halakhah (Jewish law) is termed ‘kosher’ in English.  Food that is not in accordance with Jewish law is called treif.  The word ‘kosher’ has become English vernacular, a colloquialism meaning proper, legitimate, genuine, fair, or acceptable.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39511/file/110979#t=150.0,180.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39511/file/110979/annotation_set/442/annotation/188","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eA minyan refers to the quorum of 10 Jewish adults required for certain religious obligation.   According to many non-Orthodox streams of Judaism adult females count in the minyan.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39511/file/110979#t=240.0,270.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39511/file/110979/annotation_set/442/annotation/189","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eOrVeShalom is a congregation that began in 1920 and was based at Central and Woodward Avenues until 1948 when it moved to a larger building on North Highland Road.  The current building for OrVeshalom is on North Druid Hills Road.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39511/file/110979#t=270.0,300.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39511/file/110979/annotation_set/442/annotation/190","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eHebrew for ‘son of commandment.’  A rite of passage for Jewish boys aged 13 years and one day.  At that time, a Jewish boy is considered a responsible adult for most religious purposes.  He is now duty-bound to keep the commandments, he puts on tefillin, and may be counted to the minyan quorum for public worship.  He celebrates the bar mitzvah by being called up to the reading of the Torah in the synagogue, usually on the next available Sabbath after his Hebrew birthday. \u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39511/file/110979#t=270.0,300.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39511/file/110979/annotation_set/442/annotation/191","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eTefillin are two small black boxes with black straps attached to them; Jewish men are required to place one box on their head and tie the other one on their arm each weekday morning. \u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39511/file/110979#t=330.0,360.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39511/file/110979/annotation_set/442/annotation/192","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe Great Depression was a severe worldwide economic depression in the decade preceding World War II.  The time of the Great Depression varied across nations, but in most countries it started in about 1929 and lasted until the late 1930’s or early 1940’s.  It was the longest, most widespread, and deepest depression of the twentieth century to date.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39511/file/110979#t=660.0,690.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39511/file/110979/annotation_set/442/annotation/193","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eB'nai B'rith International (from Hebrew: “Children of the Covenant\") is the oldest Jewish service organization in the world. B'nai B'rith states that it is committed to the security and continuity of the Jewish people and the State of Israel and combating antisemitism and bigotry. Its mission is to unite persons of the Jewish faith and to enhance Jewish identity through strengthening Jewish family life, to provide broad-based services for the benefit of senior citizens, and to facilitate advocacy and action on behalf of Jews throughout the world.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39511/file/110979#t=720.0,750.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39511/file/110979/annotation_set/442/annotation/194","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe Jewish Welfare Fund was one of the preceding organizations of the current Jewish Federation of Greater Atlanta (2016).  Its function was to fundraise for the Jewish community centrally and disperse it throughout the Jewish community (locally, nationally and internationally) rather than each Jewish institution trying to raise money individually.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39511/file/110979#t=780.0,810.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39511/file/110979/annotation_set/442/annotation/195","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe Western Wall, or Kotel, is located in the Old City of Jerusalem at the foot of the western side of the Temple Mount.  It is the remnant of the ancient wall that surrounded the Jewish Temple’s courtyard, and is arguably the most sacred sit recognized by the Jewish faith outside of the Temple Mount itself.  It has been a site for Jewish prayer and pilgrimage for centuries, the earliest mention being in the fourth century.  The term “Wailing Wall” by which it is sometimes referred as is not correct.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39511/file/110979#t=900.0,930.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39511/file/110979/annotation_set/442/annotation/196","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eAlpha Omega is a professional Jewish international dental organization and was founded in Baltimore, Maryland in 1907 by a group of dental students originally to fight discrimination in dental schools. Today, it is primarily an educational and philanthropic organization. \u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39511/file/110979#t=1080.0,1110.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39511/file/110979/annotation_set/442/annotation/197","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eRabbi Joseph I. Cohen (1896-1985) was born in Constantinople (Istanbul), Turkey.  He was trained for the rabbinate in Turkey and accepted his first pulpit in Havana, Cuba in 1920.  In 1934 he moved to Atlanta, Georgia where he was installed as the rabbi of Congregation Or VeShalom, a Sephardic congregation.  Rabbi Cohen officially retired in 1969, but remained active at both the synagogue and in the community until his death in 1985.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39511/file/110979#t=1320.0,1350.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39511/file/110979/annotation_set/442/annotation/198","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eSuburbs north of the City of Atlanta.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39511/file/110979#t=1530.0,1560.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39511/file/110979/annotation_set/442/annotation/199","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eHebrew for ‘dedication.’  An eight-day festival of lights usually falling around Christmas on the Christian calendar.  Hanukkah celebrates the victory of the Maccabees in 165 BCE over the Seleucid rules of Palestine, who had desecrated the Temple.  The Maccabees wanted to re-dedicate the Temple altar to Jewish worship by rekindling the menorah but could only find one small jar of ritually pure olive oil.  This oil continued to burn miraculously for eight days, enabling them to prepare new oil.  The menorah with its eight branches commemorates this miracle.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39511/file/110979#t=1620.0,1650.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39511/file/110979/annotation_set/442/annotation/200","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eFounded in 1904, Shearith Israel began as a congregation that met in the homes of congregants until 1906 when they began using a Methodist church on Hunter Street. After World War II, Rabbi Tobias Geffen moved the congregation to University Drive, where it became the first synagogue in DeKalb County. In the 1960s, they removed the barrier between the men’s and women’s sections in the sanctuary, and officially became affiliated with the Conservative movement in 2002.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39511/file/110979#t=2310.0,2340.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39511/file/110979/annotation_set/442/annotation/201","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe Jewish Tower is also known as the ‘Zaban Tower,’ and is a 60-unit independent living community offering low income seniors age 62 and above the comforts and conveniences of a luxury community with rent customized based on income.  It is located on the same campus as the William Breman Jewish Home.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39511/file/110979#t=2400.0,2430.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39511/file/110979/annotation_set/442/annotation/202","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eNow known as Dial-a-Ride Transportation Services (DARTS).  This program is available to Fulton County, Georgia residents age 55 or older who are able to perform basic tasks independently and have limited access to transportation.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39511/file/110979#t=2460.0,2490.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39511/file/110979/annotation_set/442/annotation/203","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe Women’s Zionist Organization of America.  It is a volunteer organization founded in 1912 by Henrietta Szold.  It is an international Jewish organization with around 300,000 members worldwide.   It supports health care, education and youth programs in Israel.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39511/file/110979#t=2490.0,2520.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39511/file/110979/annotation_set/442/annotation/204","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eFranklin Delano Roosevelt (1882-1945) was the 32nd President of the United States and a central figure in world events during the mid-twentieth century, leading the United States through a time of worldwide economic crisis and war. Popularly known as ‘FDR,’ he collapsed and died in his home in Warm Springs, Georgia just a few months before the end of the war. He was a Democrat.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39511/file/110979#t=2640.0,2670.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39511/file/110979/annotation_set/442/annotation/205","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eA bank first established in 1910 to lend money to individuals who couldn't obtain loans from mainstream banks.  It opened in Atlanta in 1911. \u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39511/file/110979#t=2760.0,2790.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39511/file/110979/annotation_set/442/annotation/206","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe Jewish Progressive Club was a Jewish social organization that was established in 1913 by Russian Jews who felt unwelcome at the Standard Club, where German Jews were predominant. At first the club was located in a rented house until a new club was built on Pryor Street including a swimming pool and a gym. In 1940 the club opened a larger facility at 1050 Techwood Drive in Midtown with three swimming pools, tennis and softball. In 1976 the club moved north to 1160 Moore’s Mill Road near Interstate 75. The property was eventually sold as the club faced financial challenges and the Carl E. Sanders Family YMCA at Buckhead opened in 1996.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39511/file/110979#t=2910.0,2940.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39511/file/110979/annotation_set/442/annotation/207","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe War Production Board (WPB) was an agency of the United States government that supervised war production during World War II.  The WPB directed conversion of industries from peacetime work to war needs, allocated scarce materials, established priorities in the distribution of materials and services, and prohibited nonessential production.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39511/file/110979#t=3150.0,3180.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39511/file/110979/annotation_set/442/annotation/208","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe Vietnam War was fought between December 1956 to the fall of Saigon on April 30, 1975.  Part of the Cold War conflict between the United States and Communism, it was a prolonged struggle between nationalist forces attempting to unify the country of Vietnam under a Communist government and the United States (with the aid of the South Vietnamese) attempting to prevent the spread of communism.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39511/file/110979#t=3360.0,3390.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39511/file/110979/annotation_set/442/annotation/209","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eA bris, formally known as the ‘brit milah’ (Hebrew: Covenant of Circumcision), involves surgically removing the foreskin of the penis.  Circumcision is performed only on males on the eighth day of the child's life.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39511/file/110979#t=3420.0,3450.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39511/file/110979/annotation_set/442/annotation/210","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe Jewish National Fund is a non-profit organization founded in 1901 to purchase land for Jewish settlement.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39511/file/110979#t=3600.0,3630.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39511/file/110979/annotation_set/442/annotation/211","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eGreenwood Cemetery, opened in 1904, is designed in the Lawn style, with long vistas in all directions. Greenwood has a large Jewish section.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39511/file/110979#t=3630.0,3660.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39511/file/110979/annotation_set/442/annotation/212","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eAn organization of Jewish men and women who see to it that the bodies of Jews are prepared for burial according to Jewish tradition.  The task is considered a laudable as the recipient cannot return the gift.  It is referred to as a “good deed of truth.”\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39511/file/110979#t=3690.0,3720.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39511/file/110979/annotation_set/442/annotation/213","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eYiddish, from the Polish word ‘puszka,’ which means tin can. A box in the home or the synagogue used to collect money for donation to the poor.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39511/file/110979#t=3720.0,3750.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39511/file/110979/annotation_set/442/annotation/214","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003e‘Anniversary’ in Hebrew.  Each year the anniversary of the death of a relative is observed by lighting a special yahrzeit candle and reciting the Kaddish.  Memorial services for the dead are also held during the High Holy Days and the Festivals.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39511/file/110979#t=3720.0,3750.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39511/file/110979/annotation_set/442/annotation/215","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eA Yiddish term for societies formed by Jewish immigrants from the same villages, towns, and cities in Central and Eastern Europe.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39511/file/110979#t=3990.0,4020.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39511/file/110979/annotation_set/442/annotation/216","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eCongregation Mickve Israel in Savannah, Georgia is one the oldest in the United States.  It was originally organized by mostly Sephardic immigrants from London who arrived in the new colony in 1733.  The original synagogue was granted a charter in 1799 by General James Edward Oglethorpe, who established the colony of Georgia for England in 1732.  In the late eighteen hundreds it began to shift to Reform Judaism.   The current building was consecrated in 1858.  The actual synagogue building was built on a plot of land given to the congregation by the city of Savannah.  The cemetery, however, was established in 1733 on a plot of land given to the congregation by James Oglethorpe in the name of King George III. \u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39511/file/110979#t=4050.0,4080.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39511/file/110979/annotation_set/442/annotation/217","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eJames Oglethorpe (1696-1875) was a British general, Member of Parliament, philanthropist, and founder of the colony of Georgia in 1732.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39511/file/110979#t=4050.0,4080.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39511/file/110979/annotation_set/442/annotation/218","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eTalbotton is the county seat of Talbot County, in west central Georgia.  Talbotton may be best known in history as the place where the immigrant Straus family got their start in retail sales in the nineteenth century. Decades later, the family acquired R.H. Macy \u0026amp; Co. in New York and eventually turned it into the famous Macy's chain.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39511/file/110979#t=4170.0,4200.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39511/file/110979/annotation_set/442/annotation/219","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eDevelopment Corporation for Israel, commonly known as ‘Israel Bonds,’ is a broker-dealer that underwrites securities issued by the State of Israel in the United States.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39511/file/110979#t=4230.0,4260.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39511/file/110979/annotation_set/442/annotation/220","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eHebrew for “head of the year’, i.e. New Year festival.   The cycle of High Holidays begins with Rosh Ha-Shanah.  It introduces the Ten Days of Penitence, when Jews examine their souls and take stock of their actions.  On the tenth day is Yom Kippur, the Day of Atonement.  The tradition is that on Rosh Ha-Shanah, G-d sits in judgment on humanity.  Then the fate of every living creature is inscribed in the Book of Life or Death.  These decisions may be revoked by prayer and repentance before the sealing of the books on Yom Kippur.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39511/file/110979#t=4890.0,4920.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39511/file/110979/annotation_set/442/annotation/221","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eUsually indicates the onset of loss of kidney function.  The symptoms are weakness, easy fatigue, loss of appetite, muscle atrophy, tremors, and abnormal mental function.  Failure to treat it can result in death.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39511/file/110979#t=5040.0,5070.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39511/file/110979/annotation_set/442/annotation/222","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThese terms probably refer to chemicals used as medical treatments at the time of the interview.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39511/file/110979#t=5070.0,5100.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39511/file/110979/annotation_set/442/annotation/223","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003ePenicillin was discovered in 1928 by Alexander Fleming and were among the first drugs to be effective against many previously serious diseases, such as bacterial infections. European scientists had successfully begun using penicillin in the 1930’s and early 1940’s. The drug was not mass-produced until 1944, however.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39511/file/110979#t=5070.0,5100.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39511/file/110979/annotation_set/442/annotation/224","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe Isle of Rhodes was part of Italy until the Germans occupied the island in September 1943.  Under the Italians there were no deportations. By the end of 1944 there were some 2,000 Jews left in Rhodes. On July 18, 1944 (sadly less than three months before the Germans were forced out of Rhodes and Greece), they rounded up the males Jews of Rhodes, telling them that they were going to be resettled for work. The women and children were rounded up the next day.  Instead of going to work, they were all put on three freighters on July 21, 1944.  The voyage to Athens, Greece took 10 days (a normal trip took one to two days) as they stopped at many islands, including Kos, where more Jews were picked up, during which time many had died from the terrible conditions. Once in Greece, the Rhodeslis went sent to the Haidara concentration camp near Athens, where they were held for several days until they were put in cattle cars for the overland trip to Auschwitz-Birkenau in Poland.  This trip, too, was a nightmare crossing Greece, Albania, Croatia, Hungary and finally Poland. It took 13 days, and more Jews died.  Upon arrival at Auschwitz-Birkenau, 1,202 Rhodeslis were murdered in the gas chambers; 346 men and 254 women were saved to work in the camp.  As the Russians drew near Auschwitz-Birkenau, the surviving Rhodeslis were among those marched out of the camp on foot and ended up scattered throughout labor camps in Germany. In total only about 150 Rhodeslis survived the war.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39511/file/110979#t=5130.0,5160.0"}]},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39511/file/110979/index/47789","type":"AnnotationPage","label":{"en":["Ralph Tourial [Index]"]},"items":[{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39511/file/110979/index/47789/annotation/225","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Introduction, family immigration from Turkey.","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Title"]}}],"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39511/file/110979#t=2.0,443.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39511/file/110979/index/47789/annotation/226","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"ALPERT: Did your parents come over as children or young adults, sir?\nTOURIAL: Young adults.\nALPERT: They came from Turkey?\nTOURIAL: That's right.\n","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Partial Transcript"]}}],"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39511/file/110979#t=2.0,443.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39511/file/110979/index/47789/annotation/227","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Ahavath Achim","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Ashkenazi","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Atlanta, Ga","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"bar mitzvah","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Grady Memorial Hospital","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Kosher","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"minyan","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Or VeShalom","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Reina Bilee","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Sephardism","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"tefillin","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Turkey","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"World War II","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}}],"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39511/file/110979#t=2.0,443.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39511/file/110979/index/47789/annotation/228","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Antisemitism, education, family business, meeting his wife.","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Title"]}}],"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39511/file/110979#t=443.0,595.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39511/file/110979/index/47789/annotation/229","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"antiseimitism","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"education","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"family","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"family business","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"marriage","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"profession","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"school","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Sephardism","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"work","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}}],"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39511/file/110979#t=443.0,595.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39511/file/110979/index/47789/annotation/230","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"World War II, The Great Depression, and Tourial's synagogue presidency","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Title"]}}],"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39511/file/110979#t=595.0,753.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39511/file/110979/index/47789/annotation/231","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"ALPERT: Were you involved with that war?\nTOURIAL: Yes, but I didn't go overseas or anything.  My brother stayed in five-and-a-half years.  I didn't stay in but a year.  I had a mother and a wife and a kid to support.  Then, I don't know, they told me to go home and I came home.\n","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Partial Transcript"]}}],"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39511/file/110979#t=595.0,753.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39511/file/110979/index/47789/annotation/232","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Atlanta, Ga","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"B'nai B'rith International","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Dr. Armand Wyle","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Or VeShalom","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"The Great Depression","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"World War II","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}}],"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39511/file/110979#t=595.0,753.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39511/file/110979/index/47789/annotation/233","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Synagogue and organizational involvement","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Title"]}}],"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39511/file/110979#t=753.0,1086.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39511/file/110979/index/47789/annotation/234","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"TOURIAL: I had a lot of good friends.  Dr. Irving Goldstein was the president of B'nai B’rith Gate City Lodge 155 and he and I were very close friends.  He insisted that I serve on his board of directors at B’nai B’rith and I was on the membership committee and different things there.  I worked with him.  Then we had the Jewish Welfare Fund  at that time.  I was chairman of the youth group of my synagogue.  I used to participate in all of that.","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Partial Transcript"]}}],"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39511/file/110979#t=753.0,1086.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39511/file/110979/index/47789/annotation/235","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Alpha Omega","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Dr. Sidney Tourial","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Druid Hills, Atlanta, Ga","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Ezra Tourial","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Jewish Welfare Fund","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"The Wailing Wall","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"The Western Wall","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Victor Maslia","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}}],"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39511/file/110979#t=753.0,1086.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39511/file/110979/index/47789/annotation/236","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"History of Or VeShalom","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Title"]}}],"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39511/file/110979#t=1086.0,1572.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39511/file/110979/index/47789/annotation/237","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"ALPERT: First, I'd like to go over some things that we rushed over too quickly last time.  I'd like to go back to when Or VeShalom first started—you told me in 1916—and at that time there was a group from Turkey and a group from Rhodes.  They couldn't get along at first.  What was the argument about?  Do you remember?  Or [have] a general idea?","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Partial Transcript"]}}],"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39511/file/110979#t=1086.0,1572.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39511/file/110979/index/47789/annotation/238","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Atlanta suburbs","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"B’nai B’rith","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Druid Hills, Atlanta, Ga","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"E. Tourial Leather Company","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Isle of Rhodes","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Jewish businessmen","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Jewish Federation of Greater Atlanta","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Jewish Welfare Fund","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Or VeShalom","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Shephardic Judaism","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"shoe business","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Turkey","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"War drives","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"wedding","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}}],"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39511/file/110979#t=1086.0,1572.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39511/file/110979/index/47789/annotation/239","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Or VeShalom, continued","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Title"]}}],"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39511/file/110979#t=1572.0,1904.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39511/file/110979/index/47789/annotation/240","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"ALPERT: Was there any big events or programs of the synagogue during his time?  You told me there weren't during your time because everybody was in the depression still.\nTOURIAL: I really don't know of any particular.  They modernized a lot of things.  The women's organization, which is the sisterhood, they started the bazaar on Hanukkah  which is usually in the month of December.  Then, of course, when my son was president, he gelled the two organizations together where they raised a lot of money.\n","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Partial Transcript"]}}],"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39511/file/110979#t=1572.0,1904.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39511/file/110979/index/47789/annotation/241","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Atlanta, Ga","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Chicago, Il","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Hanukkah","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Mobile, Al","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Or VeShalom","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"San Fransisco, CA","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Shephardic Judaism","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"travel","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}}],"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39511/file/110979#t=1572.0,1904.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39511/file/110979/index/47789/annotation/242","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Family, children","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Title"]}}],"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39511/file/110979#t=1904.0,2473.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39511/file/110979/index/47789/annotation/243","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"ALPERT: We've talked about your oldest son, Sidney.  He's here in Atlanta.  What about your other children?","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Partial Transcript"]}}],"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39511/file/110979#t=1904.0,2473.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39511/file/110979/index/47789/annotation/244","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Daniel Tourial","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Ezra Tourial","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Jewish Tower","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Margaret Tourial","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Ralph Grosswald","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Sarah C. Rousso","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Sarah Grosswald","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Shearith Israel","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Sidney Tourial","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Steven Grosswald","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Zaban Tower","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}}],"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39511/file/110979#t=1904.0,2473.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39511/file/110979/index/47789/annotation/245","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Regina Tourial's community activity","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Title"]}}],"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39511/file/110979#t=2473.0,2627.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39511/file/110979/index/47789/annotation/246","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"TOURIAL: She's been pretty active for the last twenty years.  She belongs to this thing called DART.   She's a very active member of DART.  She was very active, until she had this knee operation, with Hadassah and also the congregation.  Also, my wife is a proofreader of all bills for the State Senate.","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Partial Transcript"]}}],"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39511/file/110979#t=2473.0,2627.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39511/file/110979/index/47789/annotation/247","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"DARTS","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Dial-a-Ride Transportation Services","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Georgia State Senate","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Hadassah","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Regina Rousso","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Regina Rousso Tourial","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Women’s Zionist Organization of America","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}}],"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39511/file/110979#t=2473.0,2627.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39511/file/110979/index/47789/annotation/248","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Ezra Tourial and the Great Depression","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Title"]}}],"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39511/file/110979#t=2627.0,3055.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39511/file/110979/index/47789/annotation/249","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"ALPERT: Actually, Mr. Tourial, I didn't really ask you how the big Depression in the 1930's hit your family and your business.  I know you were married sort of in the middle of it.","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Partial Transcript"]}}],"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39511/file/110979#t=2627.0,3055.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39511/file/110979/index/47789/annotation/250","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Ezra Tourial","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Franklin Delano Roosevelt","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Jewish Progressive","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Morris Plan Bank","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"the Great Depression","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}}],"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39511/file/110979#t=2627.0,3055.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39511/file/110979/index/47789/annotation/251","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"World War II, continued","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Title"]}}],"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39511/file/110979#t=3055.0,3375.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39511/file/110979/index/47789/annotation/252","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"TOURIAL: My oldest son was born in 1943.\nALPERT: It was getting better at that point. \nTOURIAL: Yes.  By the time that was 10 years old, the [World War II] was way over and we had a good thing.","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Partial Transcript"]}}],"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39511/file/110979#t=3055.0,3375.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39511/file/110979/index/47789/annotation/253","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Korean War","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Office of Price Administration","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Wallabees shoes","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"War Production Board","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Woolworth's","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"World War II","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}}],"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39511/file/110979#t=3055.0,3375.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39511/file/110979/index/47789/annotation/254","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"The Korean and Vietnam Wars","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Title"]}}],"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39511/file/110979#t=3375.0,3591.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39511/file/110979/index/47789/annotation/255","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"TOURIAL: My oldest son, Sidney, was in the Navy during the Korean War.  He was an officer because he had already graduated dental school.  He went in as a dentist.  He stayed in two years but he was stationed at the Pentagon.  We were so happy and he was so mad.  He had written the naval department that he wanted to go on a ship . . . young guy, 22 to 23 years old, they thought that was the thing to do. But we were happy. ","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Partial Transcript"]}}],"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39511/file/110979#t=3375.0,3591.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39511/file/110979/index/47789/annotation/256","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"bris","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Greek","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Italian","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Korean War","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"languages","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Spanish","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Turkish","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Vietnam War","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}}],"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39511/file/110979#t=3375.0,3591.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39511/file/110979/index/47789/annotation/257","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Funerals and other traditions","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Title"]}}],"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39511/file/110979#t=3591.0,4221.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39511/file/110979/index/47789/annotation/258","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"ALPERT: While we're talking about death, does Or VeShalom have a separate section in the cemetery here?","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Partial Transcript"]}}],"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39511/file/110979#t=3591.0,4221.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39511/file/110979/index/47789/annotation/259","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"cemetary","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"chevra kadisha","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Congregation Mickve Israel","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"funerals","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"General James Edward Oglethorpe","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Greenwood Cemetery,","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Jewish National Fund","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"landsmanschaften","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"pushkes","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Reform Judaism","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Shephardic traditions","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Talbotton, Ga","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"yahrzeit","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}}],"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39511/file/110979#t=3591.0,4221.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39511/file/110979/index/47789/annotation/260","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Honors and community involvement","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Title"]}}],"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39511/file/110979#t=4221.0,4773.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39511/file/110979/index/47789/annotation/261","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"ALPERT: Yes, must be.  You have been active for so long in the community, have there been any honors or any dinners honoring you for one thing or another that you've done or contributed to?","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Partial Transcript"]}}],"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39511/file/110979#t=4221.0,4773.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39511/file/110979/index/47789/annotation/262","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Development Corporation for Israel","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Israel Bonds","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}}],"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39511/file/110979#t=4221.0,4773.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39511/file/110979/index/47789/annotation/263","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Story about Tourial's father","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Title"]}}],"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39511/file/110979#t=4773.0,5460.14041"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39511/file/110979/index/47789/annotation/264","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"TOURIAL: I'm going to tell you a little story real quick before you 1eave.  My uncle, in 1920, my father was still living. We were kids, babies, he and his wife decided to go back to the Isle of Rhodes to see my grandfather and my grandmother, my father's father and mother.  He got to Greece, this was in 1920, and they landed the boat, this was by boat, in Piraeus. It's a seaport of Athens, Greece.  ","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Partial Transcript"]}}],"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39511/file/110979#t=4773.0,5460.14041"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39511/file/110979/index/47789/annotation/265","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Greece","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Isle of Rhodes","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Italy","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"liras","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"penicillin","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Rhodes","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Rosh Ha-Shanah","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Turkey","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"uremic toxic poisoning","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}}],"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39511/file/110979#t=4773.0,5460.14041"}]}]}]}