{"@context":"http://iiif.io/api/presentation/3/context.json","id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/iiif/5h7br8mt9h/manifest","type":"Manifest","label":{"en":["Koch, Alan"]},"logo":"https://d9jk7wjtjpu5g.cloudfront.net/organizations/logo_images/000/000/082/original/TheBreman_SecondaryMark_Horizontal_Blue_Black.png?1713640889","metadata":[{"label":{"en":["Date"]},"value":{"en":["2012-01-22 (creation)"]}},{"label":{"en":["Format"]},"value":{"en":["Video"]}},{"label":{"en":["Source"]},"value":{"en":["William Breman Jewish Heritage Museum","Esther and Herbert Taylor Oral History Collection","Jewish Oral History Project of Atlanta"]}},{"label":{"en":["Description"]},"value":{"en":["\u003cp\u003eAlan Koch was interviewed by Sandra Berman in Prattville, Alabama on January 22, 2012.\u003c/p\u003e (general)","\u003cp\u003eAlan Koch’s family on his father’s side came to the United States in the late 1880s. His great- grandmother brought two sons to Meridian, Mississippi, where they knew a family. She left them there and went back to Germany. One brother stayed in Meridian and married there. The other brother, Alan’s grandfather, came to the Demopolis, Alabama area and married Alan’s grandmother. They lived in and around Demopolis until they moved to Montgomery in retirement. Alan’s mother’s side of the family (named Tannenbaum) was in Mobile, Alabama probably as early as the 1840’s, after coming into New Orleans, Louisiana. This was not Alan’s immediate family. His immediate family came to the United States primarily right after the Civil War, and moved up the river system from Mobile to a small town, like so many other Jewish residents. His mother’s maiden name was Goodman, and she lived and grew up in Starkville, Mississippi. Alan grew up in Demopolis, and went to Auburn University on a baseball scholarship. He went on to play baseball professionally, eventually with the Detroit Tigers and the Washington Senators. After he left the sport, he earned a master’s degree in history and a law degree at the University of Alabama in Tuscaloosa. After a short stint as a lawyer, he had a career in the health care field until his retirement in 1999. Alan died in 2015.\u003c/p\u003e (bioghist)","\u003cp\u003eAlan discusses his family history and how both sides of his family came to the United States in the 1800’s. He describes how his parents ended up in Demopolis, Alabama and what did there. His father was an automobile dealer and farm implement dealer, and his mother worked during the Great Depression to keep the family alive. Alan continues with a description of what his parents were like. Alan describes what it was like growing up in the small Southern town of Demopolis as a Jew. He was not raised with any kind of prejudice, nor did he experience any. The Jewish community was respected and appreciated, and Jewish business owners played an important role in the economy of Demopolis. Alan reflects on his own Jewish upbringing in a small town with a small Jewish population and expresses that he wishes he had a stronger Jewish education and knew more about Judaism. Alan talks about his experience with the way blacks were viewed and treated when he was growing up and then later during desegregation when George Wallace was the governor of Alabama. While Alan was an apartment manager during law school to help pay for his expenses, he was responsible for the first integrated apartment building in Tuscaloosa, Alabama. Alan shares stories about his years as a professional baseball player, his subsequent law school experiences, and his eventual career in the health care industry. The interview combines humorous stories with interesting descriptions of growing up in a small Southern town as a Jew, experiences in other parts of Alabama and other parts of the country and living during segregation and desegregation.\u003c/p\u003e (scope content)"]}},{"label":{"en":["Source Metadata URI"]},"value":{"en":["https://archivesspace.thebreman.org/repositories/2/archival_objects/28301"]}},{"label":{"en":["Rights Statement"]},"value":{"en":["\u003cp\u003eAll rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, recorded by any information storage and retrieval system, without the express written consent of the William Breman Jewish Heritage Museum.\u003c/p\u003e"]}},{"label":{"en":["Subject"]},"value":{"en":["Alabama State Health Planning and Development Agency (corporate name)","Auburn University (corporate name)","Baseball (topical term)","Birmingham, Alabama (geographic term)","Demopolis, Alabama (geographic term)","B.J. Levy \u0026amp; Son (corporate name)","Civil Rights Movement (topical term)","Civil War (topical term)","Detroit Tigers (corporate name)","Rabbi Baruch Emanuel (personal name)","Great Depression (topical term)","Integration (topical term)","Jewish-Black Relations (topical term)","Jewish-Christian Relations (topical term)","Alan Koch (personal name)","Knights of the Ku Klux Klan (topical term)","National Association for the Advancement of Colored People (NAACP) (corporate name)","Prattville, Alabama (geographic term)","Temple B'nai Jeshurun - Demopolis, Alabama (corporate name)","Segregation (topical term)","Zeta Beta Tau (ZBT) (corporate name)"]}}],"summary":{"en":["\u003cp\u003eAlan Koch was interviewed by Sandra Berman in Prattville, Alabama on January 22, 2012.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eAlan Koch’s family on his father’s side came to the United States in the late 1880s. His great- grandmother brought two sons to Meridian, Mississippi, where they knew a family. She left them there and went back to Germany. One brother stayed in Meridian and married there. The other brother, Alan’s grandfather, came to the Demopolis, Alabama area and married Alan’s grandmother. They lived in and around Demopolis until they moved to Montgomery in retirement. Alan’s mother’s side of the family (named Tannenbaum) was in Mobile, Alabama probably as early as the 1840’s, after coming into New Orleans, Louisiana. This was not Alan’s immediate family. His immediate family came to the United States primarily right after the Civil War, and moved up the river system from Mobile to a small town, like so many other Jewish residents. His mother’s maiden name was Goodman, and she lived and grew up in Starkville, Mississippi. Alan grew up in Demopolis, and went to Auburn University on a baseball scholarship. He went on to play baseball professionally, eventually with the Detroit Tigers and the Washington Senators. After he left the sport, he earned a master’s degree in history and a law degree at the University of Alabama in Tuscaloosa. After a short stint as a lawyer, he had a career in the health care field until his retirement in 1999. Alan died in 2015.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eAlan discusses his family history and how both sides of his family came to the United States in the 1800’s. He describes how his parents ended up in Demopolis, Alabama and what did there. His father was an automobile dealer and farm implement dealer, and his mother worked during the Great Depression to keep the family alive. Alan continues with a description of what his parents were like. Alan describes what it was like growing up in the small Southern town of Demopolis as a Jew. He was not raised with any kind of prejudice, nor did he experience any. The Jewish community was respected and appreciated, and Jewish business owners played an important role in the economy of Demopolis. Alan reflects on his own Jewish upbringing in a small town with a small Jewish population and expresses that he wishes he had a stronger Jewish education and knew more about Judaism. Alan talks about his experience with the way blacks were viewed and treated when he was growing up and then later during desegregation when George Wallace was the governor of Alabama. While Alan was an apartment manager during law school to help pay for his expenses, he was responsible for the first integrated apartment building in Tuscaloosa, Alabama. Alan shares stories about his years as a professional baseball player, his subsequent law school experiences, and his eventual career in the health care industry. The interview combines humorous stories with interesting descriptions of growing up in a small Southern town as a Jew, experiences in other parts of Alabama and other parts of the country and living during segregation and desegregation.\u003c/p\u003e"]},"requiredStatement":{"label":{"en":["Attribution"]},"value":{"en":["\u003cp\u003eAll rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, recorded by any information storage and retrieval system, without the express written consent of the William Breman Jewish Heritage Museum.\u003c/p\u003e"]}},"provider":[{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/aboutus","type":"Agent","label":{"en":["William Breman Jewish Heritage Museum"]},"homepage":[{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/","type":"Text","label":{"en":["William Breman Jewish Heritage Museum"]},"format":"text/html"}],"logo":[{"id":"https://d9jk7wjtjpu5g.cloudfront.net/organizations/logo_images/000/000/082/original/TheBreman_SecondaryMark_Horizontal_Blue_Black.png?1713640889","type":"Image"}]}],"thumbnail":[{"id":"https://d9jk7wjtjpu5g.cloudfront.net/collection_resource_files/thumbnails/000/098/324/small/Alan_Koch.png?1619300293","type":"Image","format":"image/png"}],"items":[{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30340/file/98324","type":"Canvas","label":{"en":["Media File 1 of 1 - Koch_Alan.mp4"]},"duration":2935.232,"width":640,"height":360,"thumbnail":[{"id":"https://d9jk7wjtjpu5g.cloudfront.net/collection_resource_files/thumbnails/000/098/324/small/Alan_Koch.png?1619300293","type":"Image","format":"image/png"}],"items":[{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30340/file/98324/content/1","type":"AnnotationPage","items":[{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30340/file/98324/content/1/annotation/1","type":"Annotation","motivation":"painting","body":{"id":"https://aviary-p-thebreman.s3.wasabisys.com/collection_resource_files/resource_files/000/098/324/original/Koch_Alan.mp4?1601997303","type":"Video","format":"video/mp4","duration":2935.232,"width":640,"height":360},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30340/file/98324","metadata":[]}]}],"annotations":[{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30340/file/98324/transcript/23726","type":"AnnotationPage","label":{"en":["Koch, Alan [Transcript]"]},"items":[{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30340/file/98324/transcript/23726/annotation/1","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"BERMAN: Today is January 22, 2012. I am in Prattville, Alabama, with Alan\nKoch, who's agreed to participate in the Esther and Herbert Taylor Oral History\nProject of the William Breman Jewish Heritage Museum. I am Sandra Berman. I'm\nthe archivist with the museum, and I'm very grateful that you've agreed to\nparticipate in this project. I'd like to begin by asking you about the family,\nwhere they were originally from, and how they ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30340/file/98324#t=0.0,30.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30340/file/98324/transcript/23726/annotation/2","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"came to be in Demopolis, Alabama.\n\nKOCH: My father's family, the Koch family, didn't come over until late . . .\nlike in the late 1880's . . . a little bit differently from most. The mother\nbrought two sons to Meridian, Mississippi, where they knew a family by the name\nof 'Threefoot,' which was an Anglicized version of 'Dreifuss,' and left them\nthere. She went back to ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30340/file/98324#t=30.0,60.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30340/file/98324/transcript/23726/annotation/3","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Germany. One married well in Meridian, and the other\ncame to the Demopolis area and married my grandmother. They lived in and around\nDemopolis until they finally had to move to Montgomery in retirement. Mother's\nfamily had been here a considerably longer time. They were named Tannenbaum. The\nearliest Tannenbaums . . . not ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30340/file/98324#t=60.0,90.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30340/file/98324/transcript/23726/annotation/4","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"immediate family, but cousins . . . were in\nMobile probably in the 1840's, 1850s. They came into New Orleans with another\nfamily named Emanuel. His name was Baruch Emanuel, but his nickname was 'Rabbi.'\nMother has written a little history of the family. She thought that was an\nhonorary title more than a valid title, but I have recently looked at the\nhistory of the ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30340/file/98324#t=90.0,120.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30340/file/98324/transcript/23726/annotation/5","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Jewish congregation in Mobile. They called him 'Rabbi.' He served\nas a rabbi, or a cantor, so the terminology was more accurate than we thought.\nThe immediate Tannenbaum family came over primarily right after the Civil War.\nThey came to this area because of Baruch Emanuel and his family in Mobile. They\ncame, like so many ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30340/file/98324#t=120.0,150.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30340/file/98324/transcript/23726/annotation/6","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"other Jewish residents, up the river system to a small town.\nLike I said, they had been there since right after the Civil War. Mother's\nmaiden name was Goodman, and she lived and grew up in Starkville, Mississippi,\nbefore marrying my father in Demopolis.\n\nBERMAN: What were your parents' names?\n\nKOCH: ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30340/file/98324#t=150.0,180.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30340/file/98324/transcript/23726/annotation/7","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Jacob Levy Koch and Hazel Goodman Koch. They both came from 100 percent\nJewish families, just like I do now, carrying the mantle of the family. I have\nan older brother Jack that died two years ago. We were the only two boys . . .\nonly two children. That's the history of the Koch family in Demopolis.\n\nBERMAN: What did they do in ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30340/file/98324#t=180.0,210.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30340/file/98324/transcript/23726/annotation/8","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Demopolis?\n\nKOCH: Dad ended up more or less as an automobile dealer and a farm implement\ndealer. He had gone through a time when he worked in the banking department of\nthe State of Alabama as a state bank examiner. He and some others went together\nin 1945 and bought a Pontiac and General Motors International Harvester\ndealership in Demopolis. He ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30340/file/98324#t=210.0,240.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30340/file/98324/transcript/23726/annotation/9","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"stayed that way until they sold the business, and he retired.\n\nBERMAN: Your mother . . . did she work?\n\nKOCH: No, except when she had to during the Depression. She kept the family\nalive during the Depression with a cousin . . . B. J. Levy \u0026 Son, a department\nstore in Demopolis. I think she made $100 a month. They ate at one grandparents'\nhouse . . . a parents' house . . . ate at one and slept at the other, and made\nends meet. Dad tells a ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30340/file/98324#t=240.0,270.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30340/file/98324/transcript/23726/annotation/10","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"story about taking my brother Jack, who was born in 1932,\nto the park and entertaining him because he couldn't find a job. Mother\nsupported the family. The family had seen better days. Like so many others they\ndidn't ask for or receive a lot of help other than from family, but by the time\nthey retired they had done extremely well.\n\nBERMAN: What year were you ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30340/file/98324#t=270.0,300.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30340/file/98324/transcript/23726/annotation/11","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"born?\n\nKOCH: I was born in 1938. I'm 73. I'll be 74 next month, in March really.\n\nBERMAN: Tell me about growing up in Demopolis. Was it an idyllic small town life?\n\nKOCH: It was. Everybody knew the Jews from the non-Jews. We were accepted as\npart of the community. Maybe it's the ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30340/file/98324#t=300.0,330.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30340/file/98324/transcript/23726/annotation/12","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"fact that I'm six five. I never was raised\nwith any kind of prejudice that I was aware of. Yes, we were accepted. In a\nsmall town, you have to be old Demopolis or old Montgomery or old Atlanta.\nThankfully the Koch's have been there long enough that I was old Demopolis and\naccepted as part of the crowd. My father was ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30340/file/98324#t=330.0,360.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30340/file/98324/transcript/23726/annotation/13","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"a unique man. Mother may have worn\nthe pants in the family as a very talented lady. He was remarkable in the sense\nthat he never missed a day of stopping by the hospital to see who was there, who\nmight need help, and so forth. When I was about to go to college, I know he was\nstretched to the ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30340/file/98324#t=360.0,390.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30340/file/98324/transcript/23726/annotation/14","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"limit worrying about how he was going to pay for it. When I\nended up getting a baseball scholarship that paid all of my college expenses,\nhis gesture of appreciation was starting a scholarship fund at the local Rotary\nClub. It now has sent over 300 kids to school and is still in existence, now\nnamed for him.\n\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30340/file/98324#t=390.0,420.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30340/file/98324/transcript/23726/annotation/15","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"BERMAN: You were speaking about your dad and some of his community service activities.\n\nKOCH: Like I said, he was a remarkable man in the sense that . . . I'll say it\nagain, Mother undoubtedly wore the pants in the family in my opinion, but she,\ntoo, was a very talented lady. There wasn't much that she didn't do. I've got\npictures that she painted and had ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30340/file/98324#t=420.0,450.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30340/file/98324/transcript/23726/annotation/16","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"exhibitions. She sewed. She played the piano.\nShe cooked. She wrote. Her college got interrupted at MSCW when her father died\nwhen she was in the end of her freshman year. She had to drop out of school, but\nthere's nobody in Demopolis who remembers Mother who won't tell you she was a\nbright, bright, bright lady. Dad, in addition to that, ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30340/file/98324#t=450.0,480.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30340/file/98324/transcript/23726/annotation/17","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"also is the man\nresponsible for the maintenance of the Jewish cemetery as of today, because he\nbadgered and pleaded and begged enough that we now have money in a trust fund at\nthe local bank in Demopolis to help us maintain the Jewish cemetery. That's all\nattributable to his efforts to raise the money. The fact that the cemetery is\nthere, it's intact, it's well maintained, it's well taken care of, ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30340/file/98324#t=480.0,510.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30340/file/98324/transcript/23726/annotation/18","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"is a tribute\nto him.\n\nBERMAN: That's remarkable. How many Jewish families were in Demopolis at its height?\n\nKOCH: By my studying, the peak of the population was probably about 1900 to\n1910. If you figure the white population no more in that time than 2,000 and you\nhad 150 Jews of all ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30340/file/98324#t=510.0,540.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30340/file/98324/transcript/23726/annotation/19","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"ages there, there was a significant Jewish population there.\nWhen my parents' generation started dying off, the kids like me had gone off and\ngone to school, and the population dwindled down to now one lone Jewish man,\nBert Rosenbush, who's close to 80. He likes to capitalize on the fact ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30340/file/98324#t=540.0,570.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30340/file/98324/transcript/23726/annotation/20","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that he's\nthe last remaining Jew in Demopolis. Demopolis, the little town now, has really\nappreciated the Jewish presence there. I've had any number of generations above\nmine, and mine, saying that, of all the ethnic groups in Demopolis, the success\nof that community is in large part due to the Jewish population more than any\nother. They were the ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30340/file/98324#t=570.0,600.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30340/file/98324/transcript/23726/annotation/21","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"mercantile group. I laugh when I look at old . . .\ncontemporary newspapers . . . and one was lamenting the fact that all the\nchurches in town had bells but the Baptists. The Baptists needed a bell for\ntheir church, and they were trying to raise money, $1 or whatever you could\ncontribute. I think of the first $50 that they got, $30 of it came from the\nJewish ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30340/file/98324#t=600.0,630.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30340/file/98324/transcript/23726/annotation/22","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"population. I told them over there that the Baptists had to be thankful,\nfor without us Jews they'd have never had a bell in the Baptist church. There\nwas a warm relationship, and it still continues today.\n\nBERMAN: What were some of the major businesses that were in downtown Demopolis\nthat were Jewish?\n\nKOCH: There was Frohsin Store that's related to the Frohsin stores that were in\nAtlanta. Leon and Louis Frohsin. There's a brother, Ralph Frohsin, who ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30340/file/98324#t=630.0,660.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30340/file/98324/transcript/23726/annotation/23","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"married\nFrances Koch, my dad's sister. There was a B. J. Levy \u0026 Son, which was another\ndepartment store. Rosenbush Furniture Company that Bert's family . . . I'm sure\nI'm leaving out others, but they were the three largest. Even in the 1950's I\nhave to laugh and look back and say that there were a couple of small Jewish\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30340/file/98324#t=660.0,690.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30340/file/98324/transcript/23726/annotation/24","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"stores there where the owner dated back 50 or 60 years when sharecropping came\nin. They would get land in return for debts that couldn't be paid. They would\nput farmers out there and provide them with the food and the machinery and the\nseeds to plant it, and they'd take a piece of the crop. They were like a company\nstore. That's where the ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30340/file/98324#t=690.0,720.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30340/file/98324/transcript/23726/annotation/25","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"people that lived on the farms would come to buy all\ntheir things. They were still in existence in the 1950's, which is a little bit\nof a shocker. When I grew up and graduated from high school, in the 1950's,\nthere was still . . . Saturday was, in a predominantly black area, the time when\nthe blacks came to town, and the wagons and the mules. It was quite ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30340/file/98324#t=720.0,750.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30340/file/98324/transcript/23726/annotation/26","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"a . . . it's\nsomething that's missing today, but it's something I remember well.\n\nBERMAN: Growing up did you . . . even though you had your little synagogue and\nthe families, was there much of a Jewish community life through the synagogue?\n\nKOCH: No. One of the things that I regret today is getting so little of any kind\nof education in ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30340/file/98324#t=750.0,780.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30340/file/98324/transcript/23726/annotation/27","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Judaism or what it was all about. An uncle, B. J. Levy, and\nJerome Levy is the 'J' in the Jerome in B. J. Levy \u0026 Son, was an acting rabbi,\nwhich was all they ever had in Demopolis. We would have what I call Sunday\nschool and tell a few Bible stories or listen to a few Bible stories . . .\nminimalist is all I can ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30340/file/98324#t=780.0,810.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30340/file/98324/transcript/23726/annotation/28","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"say. I regret that I didn't get more of that because I\nstill sense it today how little I know. When I started playing baseball in the\n1960's, I started in Birmingham and the general manager couldn't wait to get me\nto Atlanta to take me to a real delicatessen that I'd never been into. It was an\neye opener. My brother Jack and I ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30340/file/98324#t=810.0,840.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30340/file/98324/transcript/23726/annotation/29","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"always laugh. It was the first time we'd ever\nseen meat that wasn't grey. Mother cooked it until it was so done that it\nchanged color to dark grey. Seeing rare food was an experience for us. So, no,\nthe answer . . . if I dated a Baptist girl and we were going to a movie on\nSunday night, I'd sit outside in the car until church was over and we'd go to\nthe movie . . . wait until MYF . . . Methodist Youth ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30340/file/98324#t=840.0,870.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30340/file/98324/transcript/23726/annotation/30","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Fellowship . . . No, there\nwasn't any of that, and it didn't improve for me because I went to Auburn on a\nbaseball scholarship from 1956 to 1960. I don't think there were more than 10 or\n12 or 15 Jews on the campus at Auburn at that time. The primary Jewish\npopulation was Tuscaloosa . . . University of Alabama . . . with two or three\nJewish fraternities and two or three Jewish ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30340/file/98324#t=870.0,900.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30340/file/98324/transcript/23726/annotation/31","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"sororities. I had thought that's\nwhere I was going, but Auburn offered me a much better scholarship than Alabama\ndid and it was a very easy economic decision for me to go to Auburn and forego\nthe Jewish fraternities. That's another thing that I missed. Later I went to law\nschool at Alabama, and graduate school. Got a master's in history, then law\nschool. I did get to ZBT ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30340/file/98324#t=900.0,930.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30340/file/98324/transcript/23726/annotation/32","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"fraternity as a social member and eat my meals there\nand enjoy that, but I missed all that growing up.\n\nBERMAN: What about within your own home? Did you celebrate Hannukah and\nPassover? Did you have a Sabbath meal?\n\nKOCH: No. Minimalist, again, if at all. Like I said, it makes me sound like\nbeing Jewish in name only as far as an ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30340/file/98324#t=930.0,960.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30340/file/98324/transcript/23726/annotation/33","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"education's concerned, but I think my\nbasic philosophy is about as Jewish as you can get. Even though my awareness of\ncustoms and traditions may be on the . . . I wish I knew more. I grew up . . .\nthe only thing I can tell you is my parents would tell me you've got to live up\nto more than just what you like for ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30340/file/98324#t=960.0,990.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30340/file/98324/transcript/23726/annotation/34","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"yourself, because you are representing\nyourself and your family. In a way it's more than that, because you're\nrepresenting all the Jews in the community. For those who don't know any Jews in\nthe community but have heard of Jews in the newspaper, you're representing them,\nas well. Later when I saw . . . mother said that in her writings about when she\ngrew up . . . I was expected to hold myself to a different ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30340/file/98324#t=990.0,1020.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30340/file/98324/transcript/23726/annotation/35","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"standard because of\nbeing Jewish and not allowing myself to do something that would bring shame on\nme, the family, and the Jewish community here and everywhere.\n\nBERMAN: Were your parents concerned that perhaps you would not meet any Jewish\nwomen to date or marry?\n\nKOCH: I'm sure they were. My brother and I both married out of our faith. I\ndon't know that I ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30340/file/98324#t=1020.0,1050.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30340/file/98324/transcript/23726/annotation/36","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"ever really grew up dating any Jewish girls. I had a cousin my\nage named Gerry Levy that . . . of course we were friends. There weren't any\nJews for us to date. When I was playing ball in Detroit, the only experience I\nhad was I had a date with a Jewish girl and I picked her up. The Detroit Tigers\nhad given me a red Ford convertible to drive while I was there ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30340/file/98324#t=1050.0,1080.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30340/file/98324/transcript/23726/annotation/37","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"playing ball. I\npicked her up and had this wonderful stereo. I loved classical music and loved\nRichard Wagner's music. I had Wagner music on. I was just the coolest young man\nyou've ever seen. She said, \"Do you know whose music you're listening too?\" I\nsaid, \"Yes.\" She said, \"Do you know he's responsible for the death of 6 million\nJews?\" I said, \"You've got to be kidding.\" She said, \"If you ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30340/file/98324#t=1080.0,1110.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30340/file/98324/transcript/23726/annotation/38","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"have to listen to\nhim, you can take me home.\" Which is what I did. I don't think I ever got two\nblocks from my house before I turned around and took her home. That was my\nexperience dating Jewish girls for the first 25 years of my life.\n\nBERMAN: That's a great story. I want to get to your baseball career in a minute,\nbut I want to go back a little bit more to Demopolis. I know a lot of Southern\nfamilies, because they ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30340/file/98324#t=1110.0,1140.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30340/file/98324/transcript/23726/annotation/39","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"were in this environment where there were so few Jewish\nfamilies in their communities, they . . . not in a religious way but in a\nsectarian way . . . celebrated Christmas. Did your family also celebrate Christmas?\n\nKOCH: Yes. Not in a religious way, but in a . . . like everybody else, we had a\nChristmas tree. All of us worked in stores leading up to Christmas. The ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30340/file/98324#t=1140.0,1170.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30340/file/98324/transcript/23726/annotation/40","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Jewish\npopulation in Demopolis was no different than the Jewish population in all of\nthese small towns, where there was no rabbi and whose young kids went through\nthe same experience I've just described. They were very anxious to assimilate\nthemselves into the community, and they did everything they knew how to. My\nuncle sang in the Episcopal choir. They sang in whoever else had a choir, and if\nthere was some music at the temple the Episcopalians and the Baptists came over\nand sang in ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30340/file/98324#t=1170.0,1200.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30340/file/98324/transcript/23726/annotation/41","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"the Temple. If you want to know what happened to the Jews in rural\nAlabama, they assimilated themselves out of existence. They wanted so much to be\naccepted that they inadvertently assimilated themselves away.\n\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30340/file/98324#t=1200.0,1230.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30340/file/98324/transcript/23726/annotation/42","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"BERMAN: Let's get into the 1950's and the 1960's. First of all, before I get\ninto that, did you have domestic help in your home?\n\nKOCH: Did I have what?\n\nBERMAN: Domestic help in your home?\n\nKOCH: Yes.\n\nBERMAN: What was the relationship between your family and the people that worked\nfor you?\n\nKOCH: Let me go back to my grandparents. They had a maid named Evelyn Hurt ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30340/file/98324#t=1230.0,1260.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30340/file/98324/transcript/23726/annotation/43","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that\nwas as much a member of the family as a member of the family. We laugh that she\nhad heard all the Yiddish expressions enough where people would come in and say\nthings not thinking that she didn't understand. She didn't miss a trick. She\nknew it just as much as anybody else. They effectively raised the kids. It had\ngrown different in the 1850's, when ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30340/file/98324#t=1260.0,1290.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30340/file/98324/transcript/23726/annotation/44","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"we had a maid . . .\n\nBERMAN: Nineteen fifties.\n\nKOCH: . . . I mean 1950's. We had a maid that came once or twice a week. It\nwasn't near the relationship that had existed prior to that when a lot of . . .\nthat went back to after the Civil War. You think that the plantations in the\nSouth just disintegrated with the end of the war, but during the war and\nafterward a lot of those ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30340/file/98324#t=1290.0,1320.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30340/file/98324/transcript/23726/annotation/45","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"plantations were run by ex-slaves, or blacks,\nparticularly when the owners had been called into service and were in Virginia\nfighting somewhere. Those plantations were managed and maintained sometimes by\nblack overseers, and a lot of those . . . If you look at the history, you'll see\nsome of these old Jewish restaurants in Demopolis, listed as slave owners, but\nthey weren't slave owners. Those were . . . they'd be listed ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30340/file/98324#t=1320.0,1350.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30340/file/98324/transcript/23726/annotation/46","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"with two or three\nslaves, but it was no different than a yard man and a maid really. Some are\nburied in white cemeteries, not necessarily Jewish, but with their owners, the\nblacks in the white cemeteries. There was a bond that was certainly different\nthan the image of Simon Legree. If they weren't family members, they were\nwell-treated and ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30340/file/98324#t=1350.0,1380.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30340/file/98324/transcript/23726/annotation/47","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"well-respected and well-liked. That had cooled considerably by\nthe . . . remember Demopolis was a community that was 50 percent white and 50\npercent black, and control politically and economically was a focus. Every white\n. . . I'm not going to say every white . . . my father said that he was\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30340/file/98324#t=1380.0,1410.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30340/file/98324/transcript/23726/annotation/48","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"conservative. He didn't come across on the Mayflower. He came across on the Ark,\nand he believed in separate but equal. He thought that was valid. You could\ntreat everybody alike, and that was a valid premise. Was he a segregationist?\nYes. Did I grow up as a segregationist? Yes. That's all we knew. When I worked\nin high school growing up, we had a porter at the store about my ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30340/file/98324#t=1410.0,1440.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30340/file/98324/transcript/23726/annotation/49","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"age that went\nto the black school. We had a great time together, and we really had no\nproblems. In high school, whites would play football on the field on Friday\nnight. The blacks would play football on the field on Saturday night. More often\nthan not, you'd find us looking through the fence at them playing on Saturday\nnight and them looking through the fence watching us play on Friday night.\nSocialize any way, shape, form? No. My ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30340/file/98324#t=1440.0,1470.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30340/file/98324/transcript/23726/annotation/50","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"father . . . another story about him . .\n. one of his black workmen at the automobile dealership got arrested in a dry\ncounty for having beer. Dad was furious, and he said, \"Come on, Alan. We're\ngoing down to the country jail and get Henry out.\" He got down there, and he\ntold the police chief, \"I want you to come to my house. I've got beer at my\nhouse and I want you to arrest me. Then we're going to the mayor's house. We're\ngoing to have a beer ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30340/file/98324#t=1470.0,1500.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30340/file/98324/transcript/23726/annotation/51","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"there and we're going to arrest him. Then we're going to\nyour house, and we're going to try to arrest you unless you let Henry out of\njail.\" Henry got out of jail. \"Don't get excited, Jake. Don't get excited, Jake.\nIt's okay.\" He believed in fairness and equality. Just the prevailing sentiment\nthen was 'we've got to maintain control.' The blacks aren't nearly as\nwell-educated. They're not prepared to take ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30340/file/98324#t=1500.0,1530.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30340/file/98324/transcript/23726/annotation/52","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"an active role in governance in\nparticular. That manifested itself that you couldn't have a race . . . when\nblacks suddenly decided they could run for office . . . with two whites and one\nblack running for the same office, because the whites would split the vote. I\nworked for a candidate when I was in college that was in a congressional race\nwith a . . . that ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30340/file/98324#t=1530.0,1560.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30340/file/98324/transcript/23726/annotation/53","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"was . . . one of the other candidates wanted him to give him\n$5,000 to get in the race so he wouldn't split the vote. That opened my eyes a\nlittle bit. It was a warmness . . . I've always said the difference in the North\nand the South and the attitude toward the blacks was the South recognized and\nappreciated the blacks as individuals, ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30340/file/98324#t=1560.0,1590.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30340/file/98324/transcript/23726/annotation/54","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"but not as a race, and it was just the\nopposite in the North. They accepted the blacks as a race, but not as\nindividuals. When I was playing ball again in Birmingham, one of the white boys\nfrom Pennsylvania gave us hell about living in the South until his parents put\ntheir home on the market and found out blacks had moved in the neighborhood and\nthe value of the house had gone down. His attitude was, \"Why in the hell did\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30340/file/98324#t=1590.0,1620.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30340/file/98324/transcript/23726/annotation/55","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"they move into that white neighborhood. They knew that wasn't for them.\" That's\nthe point I'm making. Blacks as a race were fine, but blacks as individuals were\nnot. It was just the opposite in the South. Blacks as individuals were fine, but\nthe fear was if the blacks get in the majority, that's the total, we're in trouble.\n\nBERMAN: How did the Jewish merchants react during the late Fifties, early\nSixties ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30340/file/98324#t=1620.0,1650.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30340/file/98324/transcript/23726/annotation/56","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"when all the businesses were becoming integrated and you had to remove\nthe drinking fountains separate . . .\n\nKOCH: I imagine most of them were like everybody else. If you go to Selma\ntomorrow, you'll hear stories of being active in the Ku Klux Klan. One of the\nJewish restaurants there in particular had been very active on the negative\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30340/file/98324#t=1650.0,1680.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30340/file/98324/transcript/23726/annotation/57","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"side, but I imagine among the first generally were, if they hired blacks . . .\nwould have been some of the Jewish merchants. When I was at the university, by\nthe way, in 1967, I managed apartments to help me pay my law school expenses. I\nwas the manager of a 100-unit four-bedroom . . . apartments. There was not a\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30340/file/98324#t=1680.0,1710.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30340/file/98324/transcript/23726/annotation/58","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"single integrated apartment building in that entire city . . . the University of\nAlabama. The owner of the place was in Birmingham. I asked him, \"Could I rent to\nblacks if we had an empty place?\" He said, \"You think you can handle it?\" I\nsaid, \"Yes, sir.\" So we did. That was the first integrated apartment in\nTuscaloosa. I had some very liberal law school professors who were shocked. One\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30340/file/98324#t=1710.0,1740.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30340/file/98324/transcript/23726/annotation/59","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"said, \"I'm sorry I gave you a 'C' in that course. I misjudged you.\" \"Thank you,\nsir.\" That got me into every honorary in the university, because the faculty\nmembers were the ones that made a lot of that decision. They perceived me as\ndoing something they couldn't do. I got my apartment complex integrated without\nany fanfare at all, when they had been striving for that forever and ever and\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30340/file/98324#t=1740.0,1770.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30340/file/98324/transcript/23726/annotation/60","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"ever. They just told that professor, \"Don't worry. Alan's got a gun, and he's\ngoing to find you for giving him that C.\" That was in 1967.\n\nBERMAN: What was the name of the apartment building?\n\nKOCH: It was called the 'University House Apartments.' It was built like a fort.\nI don't think anybody could have hurt it if they'd have stormed it like the\nBastille. I've always been a little bit proud of that, because . . . I worked at\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30340/file/98324#t=1770.0,1800.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30340/file/98324/transcript/23726/annotation/61","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"the Dean of Men's office when I was finishing law school, as well. I was the\nDirector of Off-Campus Affairs. I kept telling them, \"It's none of the\nuniversity's business what happens off campus. You need to abolish my position.\"\nThey didn't, but abolished me instead. A year later, they finally did get a way\nto the apartment. That's when the black students were starting to get active,\nwalking, marching. There wasn't but a handful of ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30340/file/98324#t=1800.0,1830.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30340/file/98324/transcript/23726/annotation/62","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"them. My job was to walk with\nthem, to make sure if there was trouble, I'm supposed to handle the problem. One\nman. We never had any problem. It was a charade. It was like George Wallace\nstanding in the schoolhouse door with the Kennedys right there. I was looking\nright down the window out of the law school library. I didn't even bother to go\nover there, it was such a charade. We grew up ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30340/file/98324#t=1830.0,1860.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30340/file/98324/transcript/23726/annotation/63","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"in a strange time.\n\nBERMAN: For me, hearing these stories, it's so interesting to be with someone\nwho actually lived through that time and experienced all of the changes and all\nof the . . .\n\nKOCH: I mentioned . . . it's a little bit out of context, but we talk about\nthese times. You've heard of Bear Bryant, the football coach at Alabama. He goes\ndown in ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30340/file/98324#t=1860.0,1890.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30340/file/98324/transcript/23726/annotation/64","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"history as one of the greatest coaches of all time and had a reputation\nlike none other in Alabama. One day I was in law school, and there's a knock on\nthe door, and it's the dean. He interrupts a criminal law class and says, \"Bear\nBryant wants to see Alan Koch.\" Needless to say, there was no problem getting\nout of that class and going across the street to the athletic building. I walked\nin Bryant's office, and he said, \"Hello, Alan,\" with that deep ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30340/file/98324#t=1890.0,1920.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30340/file/98324/transcript/23726/annotation/65","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"voice. \"Yes, sir.\nHow are you coach?\" \"Fine.\" He said, \"I know you went to Auburn.\" I said, \"Yes,\nsir.\" He said, \"I know you're Jewish.\" I said, \"Yes, sir.\" He said, \"I'm trying\nto recruit this Jewish boy from Birmingham, and he insists on the fact that he\nwants to go to Auburn. I want you to go up there and tell him there ain't no\nJews in Auburn. He needs to come to Alabama. Isn't that right?\" I said, \"Yes,\nsir. There weren't any Jews at Auburn when I was ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30340/file/98324#t=1920.0,1950.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30340/file/98324/transcript/23726/annotation/66","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"there . . . maybe 10 or 15.\" He\nsaid, \"If that's important to him, you need go tell him that he needs to be at\nAlabama, not at Auburn.\" He got me up to Birmingham to see a boy named Alvin\nBressler, who was intent on going to Auburn. I knew Alvin's sister, who, by the\nway, was at Alabama. I told him Bear Bryant had sent me up there to tell him\nthat he ought to come to Alabama, and I told him why. I told him Bryant had\nsaid, \"There ain't no Jews at ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30340/file/98324#t=1950.0,1980.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30340/file/98324/transcript/23726/annotation/67","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Auburn, Alan. That's exactly what he said. There\nain't no Jews at Auburn, and that if that's important to you, you ought to come\nto Alabama.\" He said, \"Didn't you go to Auburn.\" I said, \"I did.\" He said,\n\"Didn't you like it?\" I said, \"I loved every minute of it, and you will, too.\"\nHe said, \"I'm going to Auburn.\" I said, \"Why are you so sure that you're going\nto Auburn?\" He said, \"Because they're giving my girlfriend a band scholarship.\"\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30340/file/98324#t=1980.0,2010.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30340/file/98324/transcript/23726/annotation/68","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"So I went back and reported that to Coach Bryant. Two years later, Alabama's\nrecruiting a cousin of mine named Florian Opopo Koch at Demopolis High School,\nwho's an all-state football player. I hear he's all set to go to Alabama, so I\ncalled him. I said, \"Opopo, I want to talk to you about going to Auburn. You\nneed to consider Auburn. It's a great place. They know the Koch name over there,\nand they'll really treat you well.\" He said, \"I'm going to Alabama.\" I said ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30340/file/98324#t=2010.0,2040.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30340/file/98324/transcript/23726/annotation/69","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\"You\nreally need to consider Auburn.\" He said, \"No, my mind's made up.\" I said, \"Why\nare you so sure you're going to Alabama?\" You know what he said? \"Because\nthey're giving my girlfriend a band scholarship.\"\n\nBERMAN: He learned.\n\nKOCH: He learned. He learned.\n\nBERMAN: That's a great story.\n\nKOCH: Anyway, that's about the only contact Bear Bryant ever made with anybody\nlike me, when he needed recruiting help, because there 'weren't no Jews at Auburn.'\n\nBERMAN: That's a great ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30340/file/98324#t=2040.0,2070.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30340/file/98324/transcript/23726/annotation/70","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"story. What was it like for you in Auburn, being one of\nthe few Jews? Was there ever any issues?\n\nKOCH: It wasn't any different than being in Demopolis. Again, you have to\nremember, I'm six foot five. I was then. I weighed 200 pounds. I had light brown\nhair. The nose could have been an accident. I don't think anybody thought one\nthing or the other. Everybody on the team knew I was Jewish, and it was that way\nplaying professional ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30340/file/98324#t=2070.0,2100.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30340/file/98324/transcript/23726/annotation/71","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"ball. I started out in Birmingham. They were very, very\nnice to me in Birmingham. They tried to schedule me to pitch on Saturdays, when\nMom and Dad could come up and watch me play. They were so nice to me that I\ndidn't want to ask for the day off for Rosh Ha-Shanah. I knew I wasn't going to\nbe actually playing, and as long as I was just in uniform sitting on the bench\nthat would be okay. Before the game, the little Catholic general manager came ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30340/file/98324#t=2100.0,2130.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30340/file/98324/transcript/23726/annotation/72","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"in\nthere that knew Mom and Dad, and he almost had a heart attack. \"Damn it, Alan.\nWhat are you doing here on Rosh Ha-Shanah?\" I said, \"It's okay.\" \"No, it's not\nokay. Don't even start. You get out of this . . . I'm going to give you five\nminutes . . . I'm fining you $50.\" I said \"Damn, Mr. Glennon, you're only paying\nme $500 a month.\" \"If you're not out of here in 10 minutes, it's going to be\n$100. Your mom and dad would kill me, and so would the Jews in Birmingham.\" So\nmy ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30340/file/98324#t=2130.0,2160.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30340/file/98324/transcript/23726/annotation/73","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"experiences were favorable.\n\nBERMAN: You played professional ball with the Detroit Tigers?\n\nKOCH: One year with them, and one year with the Washington Senators. I started\nin Birmingham, got to play in Atlanta with the old Ponce de Leon Park. I'd been\nthere with Auburn and Georgia Tech, too. I enjoyed playing in that environment,\nbecause of being in ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30340/file/98324#t=2160.0,2190.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30340/file/98324/transcript/23726/annotation/74","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Birmingham. Been to Colorado and Syracuse, New York, Puerto\nRico one winter, and then Detroit for a year, and then Washington a year. That\nwas in 1965, before I went to law school. That was during the civil rights\nlegislation struggle ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30340/file/98324#t=2190.0,2220.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30340/file/98324/transcript/23726/annotation/75","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"in Washington. That's another whole story led to my demise\nas a ball player. Everywhere we went in 1965 . . . even we went to Mexico . . .\nto play a series down in Mexico, George Wallace was on the front page of the\nnewspaper. I mean everywhere. I asked one of the sports writers in Washington\nwould he please write a story that all the people in the South were not ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30340/file/98324#t=2220.0,2250.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30340/file/98324/transcript/23726/annotation/76","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"racists.\nWe were not all George Wallace. He said, \"Alan, you know more about it than I\ndo. If you write it, I'll print it over my name.\" I did. Next morning I had a\ncall from the general manager, and Gil Hodges, who was the manager, to come to\nthe office. They printed the story. \"You know about this story?\" \"Yes, sir.\"\n\"You know what it says then.\" \"Yes, sir.\" What it said ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30340/file/98324#t=2250.0,2280.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30340/file/98324/transcript/23726/annotation/77","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"was everybody in the\nSouth wasn't a racist, that I was from a 'Black Belt' of Alabama which was not\nnamed for the color of the people but the color of the soil. I thought that\neverything was grossly exaggerated to substantiate the Civil Rights Act. Quote:\n\"I haven't been to a lynching in years.\" End quote. That did not go over well\nwith the NAACP in ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30340/file/98324#t=2280.0,2310.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30340/file/98324/transcript/23726/annotation/78","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Washington. They threatened to boycott the ball games unless\nthe Senators did something about their problem child. So they did. They optioned\nmy contract to Honolulu, the Pacific Coast League. I said, \"Why Honolulu?\" They\nsaid, \"Because it's the furthest place from Washington that they play organized\nbaseball.\" \"That's not necessary. I think I'll quit and go home and go to law\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30340/file/98324#t=2310.0,2340.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30340/file/98324/transcript/23726/annotation/79","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"school, if there's still a Constitution left by then.\" My sense of humor got me\nin trouble for ever and ever and ever.\n\nBERMAN: Did you regret the article?\n\nKOCH: No, and no one who's ever known me has ever thought of me as a racist. I\ntold them that, but that was the impression the article left.\n\nBERMAN: Did you regret leaving baseball?\n\nKOCH: No. It was like being a 16-year-old for 10 extra years. I always thought\nprofessional ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30340/file/98324#t=2340.0,2370.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30340/file/98324/transcript/23726/annotation/80","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"sports was an avocation, not a vocation. It was, again, like being\n16 for another 10 years, until I quit. I knew I wasn't going to make a career of\nit. I didn't want to be a manager or a coach or anything like that.\n\nBERMAN: Were you ever on a baseball card?\n\nKOCH: Yes, I've got a card. It was called a 'one-year-wonder card.' Then there's\nanother set of ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30340/file/98324#t=2370.0,2400.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30340/file/98324/transcript/23726/annotation/81","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Jewish baseball cards . . .\n\nBERMAN: I have that. I'll have to look for you.\n\nKOCH: I'm in there, believe it or not.\n\nBERMAN: Great.\n\nKOCH: I laugh about the one-year-wonder card they printed. The Jews who have\nmade headlines in Nobel Prizes and every conceivable academic honor in the\nworld, and yet on my Jewish baseball ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30340/file/98324#t=2400.0,2430.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30340/file/98324/transcript/23726/annotation/82","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"card it said in effect you didn't have much\nof a record as a pitcher, but you were a very good hitter. They calculated my\nbatting average incorrectly and said that my career batting average was .350,\nwhich is marvelous, when it was really only .286 because they confused a\ndenominator and a numerator. I said that of these people that for years have\nmade fortunes out of math, they can't even get the back of a baseball ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30340/file/98324#t=2430.0,2460.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30340/file/98324/transcript/23726/annotation/83","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"card correct.\n\nBERMAN: Is that the position you played, pitcher?\n\nKOCH: Pitcher. 'Throw it and duck' was my philosophy.\n\nBERMAN: When you were growing up in Demopolis, did your parents ever send you\noff to Jewish summer camp?\n\nKOCH: As far as I know, our brother used to go to . . . older brother . . . they\nhad socials . . .\n\nBERMAN: Falcon.\n\nKOCH: Falcon, right. Those had pretty well ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30340/file/98324#t=2460.0,2490.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30340/file/98324/transcript/23726/annotation/84","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"gone by the way by the time I . . .\nWhen I was lower teens, like 12, 13, 14, I went to a YMCA camp in Selma for\nthree years, for 10 days each summer. G-d first, others second, me third. I\nloved it. There wasn't ever a problem. Mr. Paul Grist was the owner and operator\nof that, managed the YMCA there. If ever a man deserved to sit at the right hand\nto ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30340/file/98324#t=2490.0,2520.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30340/file/98324/transcript/23726/annotation/85","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"G-d, he's the man. He was one of the nicest men that ever drew breath of air.\n\nBERMAN: After you finished law school, did you practice in Demopolis?\n\nKOCH: No, I decided that here I am with three degrees, and I'm unsure about what\nto do. I think maybe I ought to specialize. I went to NYU and got a master's in\ntax law and came back to Montgomery and practiced in ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30340/file/98324#t=2520.0,2550.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30340/file/98324/transcript/23726/annotation/86","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Montgomery for one firm.\nAnother large firm recruited me. I went there for a year. I really had the wrong\nmentality to be a lawyer. I knew more law and less procedure than any man that\never drew breath of air. I left the law firm by mutual consent and got into\nhealth care. I worked as a lobbyist and liaison for the state hospital\nassociation for five years and then became ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30340/file/98324#t=2550.0,2580.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30340/file/98324/transcript/23726/annotation/87","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"director of the Alabama State Health\nPlanning and Development Agency, which governed developmental hospitals and\nnursing homes. I did well with that until I was fired by George Wallace. I don't\nknow why I went to a meeting up in Birmingham and told a joke I'd heard somebody\ntold me. I said, \"You know what the state tree is. It's the oak tree. You know\nwhat the ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30340/file/98324#t=2580.0,2610.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30340/file/98324/transcript/23726/annotation/88","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"state flower is. It's the such and such. Do you know what the state\nvegetable is? No, it's George Wallace.\" There was one of these little things\nlike a camera that took a picture of it, so it's no wonder that I got fired when\nI got back to Montgomery. I went to work in hospitals, and I stayed 18 years in\nMobile. I did a little health planning, a little in ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30340/file/98324#t=2610.0,2640.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30340/file/98324/transcript/23726/annotation/89","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"contracts. I did risk\nmanagement: why people fall out of bed, why they get shots, and this, that, and\nthe other, until I had a couple of surgeries and retired in 1999.\n\nBERMAN: Did you ever think of living anywhere but the South? You went to NYU.\nDid you ever think of staying up north?\n\nKOCH: No, and I still wouldn't. No, never. I enjoyed my travels. They were\nwonderful. Linda, my wife, and I still travel every year. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30340/file/98324#t=2640.0,2670.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30340/file/98324/transcript/23726/annotation/90","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"We . . . the cruise\nline . . . even after the situation in Greece. We enjoy cruising. It's gotten\nnow where it's easier for us to drive down to Florida and go to the Caribbean\nthan it is to go elsewhere. The ship's usually the destination. We've been to\nall the islands so many times. We've enjoyed the food. Her twin sister lives\nacross the street. Her husband loved to ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30340/file/98324#t=2670.0,2700.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30340/file/98324/transcript/23726/annotation/91","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"dance. They're the dancers and\nentertainers, and I'm the camera man, so we have a good time.\n\nBERMAN: That's great. Are you disheartened about Demopolis, just the fact there\nis one Jew left and that the downtown area is so desolate?\n\nKOCH: I've been pleased that it's better than it could have been. I take my hat\noff to some ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30340/file/98324#t=2700.0,2730.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30340/file/98324/transcript/23726/annotation/92","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"of the people I graduated with who stayed there either as\nscholastics or other. I went over there a couple of years ago, and they had a\ntribute to me for something. That's misguided. It ought to be on the other foot.\nWhen our parents took care of us, they did so in spades. I thought that would\nnever be duplicated, but when I see what current ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30340/file/98324#t=2730.0,2760.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30340/file/98324/transcript/23726/annotation/93","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Demopolis has done in the way\nof school facilities and recreation facilities, you have done just as well as\nour parents did. You're the one who deserve the tribute because . . . that's\nblack and white now. It wasn't that way when I was there. Downtown may be like a\ndowntown everywhere, but that little community will survive. They will survive.\nThe nucleus is ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30340/file/98324#t=2760.0,2790.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30340/file/98324/transcript/23726/annotation/94","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"there for them to prosper.\n\nBERMAN: If you could recall one of your fondest moments of living in Demopolis,\ngrowing up in Demopolis, what would it be?\n\nKOCH: I don't know. I've gotten a disproportionate amount of attention all my\nlife from playing ball. I can't brag about playing ball, other than the ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30340/file/98324#t=2790.0,2820.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30340/file/98324/transcript/23726/annotation/95","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"kind of\nstories I've told you today. It was a marvelous experience, from the exposure to\nBear Bryant and all these other people, getting to see people. I'm glad I did\nthat, but what I remember most is what I regret the most. I regret that I didn't\ndo what a lot of my classmates did, and that's go ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30340/file/98324#t=2820.0,2850.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30340/file/98324/transcript/23726/annotation/96","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"back to Demopolis and help it\nmaintain the environment that it had then and continues to have now. I should\nhave gone back as a coach or teacher. I've taught enough night law school, and I\nwas dean of students at a junior college one year, and all my career. I missed\nbeing an academic. I should have done that, and if I had my life to ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30340/file/98324#t=2850.0,2880.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30340/file/98324/transcript/23726/annotation/97","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"do over\nagain I probably would do it. When I got out of Auburn, though, they were paying\na teacher $3,000 a year, with a $600 a year supplement if you stayed there\ncoaching from 3:00 to 6:00. You were there from 7:30 to 6:00 for $3,600 a year.\nI didn't want to do that.\n\nBERMAN: That would have been a tough . . .\n\nKOCH: Still, I regret that I didn't go back ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30340/file/98324#t=2880.0,2910.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30340/file/98324/transcript/23726/annotation/98","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"to help maintain a community that\nwas so good to my family and to me, and to the Jewish community, as well. I\ncould communicate with those people, and vice versa.\n\nBERMAN: On that note, I think we'll conclude. It was a wonderful, wonderful\ninterview. You've been one of my favorites. That was great.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30340/file/98324#t=2910.0,2940.0"}]},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30340/file/98324/annotation_set/371","type":"AnnotationPage","label":{"en":["Annotations [Transcript]"]},"items":[{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30340/file/98324/annotation_set/371/annotation/99","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe \u003cem\u003echazzan\u003c/em\u003e (cantor) is the official in charge of music or chants and leads liturgical prayer and chanting in the synagogue. \u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30340/file/98324#t=120.0,150.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30340/file/98324/annotation_set/371/annotation/100","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe American Civil War, widely known in the United States as the ‘Civil War’ or the ‘War Between the States,’ was fought from 1861 to 1865 to determine the survival of the Union or independence for the Confederacy. In January 1861, seven Southern slave states declared their secession from the United States and formed the Confederate States of America. The Confederacy, often called the ‘South,’ grew to include 11 states, and although they claimed 13 states and additional western territories, the Confederacy was never diplomatically recognized by a foreign country. The states that did not declare secession were known as the ‘Union’ or the ‘North.’ The war had its origin in the issue of slavery.  After four years of bloody combat, which left over 600,000 Union and Confederate soldiers dead and destroyed much of the South's infrastructure, the Confederacy collapsed, slavery was abolished, and the difficult Reconstruction process of restoring national unity and granting civil rights to freed slaves began.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30340/file/98324#t=120.0,150.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30340/file/98324/annotation_set/371/annotation/101","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eInternational Harvester was a United States manufacturer of agricultural machine, construction equipment, and trucks.  By 1985 it had nearly gone bankrupt and sold off its various lines to several other companies.  They kept only the truck and engine divisions and are now called ‘Navistar International.’\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30340/file/98324#t=210.0,240.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30340/file/98324/annotation_set/371/annotation/102","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe Great Depression was a severe worldwide economic depression in the decade preceding World War II. The timing of the Great Depression varied across nations, but in most countries it started in 1930 and lasted until the late 1930’s or middle 1940’s.  It was the longest, deepest, and most widespread depression of the twentieth century.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30340/file/98324#t=240.0,270.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30340/file/98324/annotation_set/371/annotation/103","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eAn international service organization whose stated purpose is to bring together business and professional leaders in order to provide humanitarian services, encourage high ethical standards in all vocations, and help build goodwill and peace in the world.  It is a secular organization with about 1.2 million members worldwide.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30340/file/98324#t=390.0,420.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30340/file/98324/annotation_set/371/annotation/104","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eBert Rosenbush’s oral history is available at the Breman Museum OHC 10816 (2012).\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30340/file/98324#t=540.0,570.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30340/file/98324/annotation_set/371/annotation/105","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eSharecropping is a system of agriculture in which a landowner allows a tenant to use the land in return for a share of the crops produced on their portion of land.  The landowner provided land, housing, tools, seed and perhaps a mule.  The local merchant provided foods and supplies on credit until harvest time.  When the crops were harvested the landowner usually took two-thirds and the sharecropper one-third, out of which they had to pay the merchant.  Sharecropping became widespread in the South in response to the economic upheaval caused by the end of slavery during and after Reconstruction. \u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30340/file/98324#t=690.0,720.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30340/file/98324/annotation_set/371/annotation/106","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eFounded in 1898 as the world's first Jewish fraternity, Zeta Beta Tau (ZBT) prides itself on being an inclusive organization welcoming of any college man who understands and appreciates our mission. With more than 140,000 initiated men ZBT's can be found in all aspects of life: business, entertainment, media, politics, and much more. In 1989, ZBT became the first fraternity to abolish pledging from its organization and, in its place, created a brotherhood program that focuses on equal rights, privileges, and responsibilities for all members.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30340/file/98324#t=900.0,930.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30340/file/98324/annotation_set/371/annotation/107","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eHebrew for ‘dedication.’ An eight-day festival of lights usually falling around Christmas on the Christian calendar. \u003cem\u003eHanukkah\u003c/em\u003e celebrates the victory of the Maccabees in 165 BCE over the Seleucid rules of Palestine, who had desecrated the Temple.  The Maccabees wanted to re-dedicate the Temple altar to Jewish worship by rekindling the \u003cem\u003emenorah\u003c/em\u003e but could only find one small jar of ritually pure olive oil.  This oil continued to burn miraculously for eight days, enabling them to prepare new oil. The \u003cem\u003emenorah\u003c/em\u003e with its eight branches commemorates this miracle. \u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30340/file/98324#t=930.0,960.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30340/file/98324/annotation_set/371/annotation/108","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eHebrew: \u003cem\u003ePesach\u003c/em\u003e.  The anniversary of Israel’s liberation from Egyptian bondage.  The holiday lasts for eight days.  Unleavened bread, \u003cem\u003ematzah\u003c/em\u003e, is eaten in memory of the unleavened bread prepared by the Israelites during their hasty flight from Egypt, when they had not time to wait for the dough to rise.  On the first two nights of Passover, the \u003cem\u003eseder\u003c/em\u003e, the central event of the holiday, is celebrated.  The \u003cem\u003eseder\u003c/em\u003e service is one of the most colorful and joyous occasions in Jewish life.  \u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30340/file/98324#t=930.0,960.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30340/file/98324/annotation_set/371/annotation/109","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eRichard Wagner (1813-1883) was a German composer, theater director, and conductor who is primarily known for his operas, among them the four opera-cycle \u003cem\u003eDer Ring des Nibelungen\u003c/em\u003e.  Wagner has also been accused of being an antisemite, mostly particularly based in his non-opera writings. Adolf Hitler was an admirer of Wagner’s music and saw in his operas an embodiment of his own vision of the German nation claiming that they glorified “the heroic Teutonic nature.”  Hitler visited Bayreuth (Wagner’s own opera house) from 1923 onwards and attended the productions at the theater. There continues to be debate about the extent to which Wagner’s views might have influenced Nazi thinking. However, it cannot be claimed that Wagner “was responsible” for the Holocaust. \u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30340/file/98324#t=1080.0,1110.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30340/file/98324/annotation_set/371/annotation/110","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eTemple B’nai Jeshurun was established in 1958, making it the fourth oldest Jewish congregation in Alabama.  The original Temple was built in 1893.  It was torn down after a new smaller building was built inside the older structure in 1958. The Temple was inactive by the 1980’s, with the title being transferred to a local church in 1989.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30340/file/98324#t=1200.0,1230.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30340/file/98324/annotation_set/371/annotation/111","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eA cruel slave dealer in the novel \u003cem\u003eUncle Tom's Cabin\u003c/em\u003e by Harriet Beecher Stowe. \u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30340/file/98324#t=1350.0,1380.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30340/file/98324/annotation_set/371/annotation/112","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe ship that transported mostly English Puritans and Separatists, collectively known today as the Pilgrims, from a site near the Mayflower Steps in Plymouth, England, to Massachusetts, in 1620.  The culmination of the voyage in the signing of the Mayflower Compact is one of the greatest moments in the story of America, providing the basis of the nation's present form of democratic self-government and fundamental freedoms.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30340/file/98324#t=1410.0,1440.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30340/file/98324/annotation_set/371/annotation/113","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe ship in which Noah, his family, and the animals were saved from the Flood, according to the biblical account (\u003cem\u003eGenesis\u003c/em\u003e 6-8). \u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30340/file/98324#t=1410.0,1440.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30340/file/98324/annotation_set/371/annotation/114","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe Ku Klux Klan (or Knights of the Ku Klux Klan today) is a white supremacist, white nationalist, anti-immigration, anti-Jewish, anti-Catholic, anti-black secret society, whose methods included terrorism and murder.  It was founded in the South in the 1860’s and the died out and come back several times, most notably in the 1920’s when membership soared again, and then again in the 1960’s during the civil rights era.  When the Klan was re-founded in 1915 in Georgia, the event was marked by a cross burning on Stone Mountain. In the past it members dressed up in white robes and a pointed hat designed to hide their identity and to terrify.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30340/file/98324#t=1650.0,1680.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30340/file/98324/annotation_set/371/annotation/115","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe Bastille was a fortress in Paris, known formally as the ‘Bastille Saint-Antoine.’ The Bastille was built to defend the eastern approach to the city of Paris from the English threat in the Hundred Years' War.  It played an important role in the internal conflicts of France and for most of its history was used as a state prison by the kings of France. It was stormed by a crowd on July 14, 1789 in the French Revolution, becoming an important symbol for the French Republican movement.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30340/file/98324#t=1770.0,1800.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30340/file/98324/annotation_set/371/annotation/116","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eGeorge Corley Wallace (1919-1998) was the 45th governor of Alabama, serving four nonconsecutive terms: 1963-1967, 1971-1979, 1983-1987. He also ran for the presidency unsuccessfully.  During the Civil Rights Era he was noted for his Southern populist and segregationist attitudes. Wallace’s most remembered utterance was: “In the name of the greatest people that have ever trod this earth, I draw the line in the dust and toss the gauntlet before the feet of tyranny, and I say segregation now, segregation tomorrow, segregation forever.”  He tried to stop desegregation in schools by physically standing in the way of black students at several universities in 1963.  Federal marshals and the Alabama National Guard under federal command forced him to step aside.  He later renounced these views at the end of his life. \u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30340/file/98324#t=1830.0,1860.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30340/file/98324/annotation_set/371/annotation/117","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003ePresident John F. Kennedy and his brother, Robert Kennedy, the Attorney General of the United States.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30340/file/98324#t=1830.0,1860.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30340/file/98324/annotation_set/371/annotation/118","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003ePaul William ‘Bear’ Bryant (1913-1983) was an American college football player and coach. He was best known as the longtime head coach of the University of Alabama football team. During his 25-year tenure as Alabama's head coach, he amassed six national championships and 13 conference championships. Upon his retirement in 1982, he held the record for most wins as head coach in collegiate football history with 323 wins.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30340/file/98324#t=1860.0,1890.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30340/file/98324/annotation_set/371/annotation/119","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eHebrew for “head of the year’, i.e. New Year. The cycle of High Holy Days begins with\u003cem\u003e Rosh Ha-Shanah\u003c/em\u003e.  It introduces the Ten Days of Penitence, when Jews examine their souls and take stock of their actions.  On the tenth day is \u003cem\u003eYom Kippur\u003c/em\u003e, the Day of Atonement. The tradition is that on \u003cem\u003eRosh Ha-Shanah\u003c/em\u003e, G-d sits in judgment on humanity. Then the fate of every living creature is inscribed in the Book of Life or Death. These decisions may be revoked by prayer and repentance before the sealing of the books on \u003cem\u003eYom Kippur\u003c/em\u003e. \u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30340/file/98324#t=2100.0,2130.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30340/file/98324/annotation_set/371/annotation/120","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe term “Black Belt” has long been used to describe a broad agricultural region extending from southwest Tennessee to east-central Mississippi and then east through Alabama to the border with Georgia in the American south.  It was characterized by a history of plantation agriculture in the nineteenth century and a high percentage of African-Americans in the population.    \u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30340/file/98324#t=2280.0,2310.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30340/file/98324/annotation_set/371/annotation/121","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe Civil Rights Act (PL 88-352) was enacted on July 2, 1964.  It outlawed discrimination based on race, color, religion, sex, or national origin.  It ended unequal application of voter registration requirements and racial segregation in schools, at the workplace and by facilities that served the general public. \u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30340/file/98324#t=2280.0,2310.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30340/file/98324/annotation_set/371/annotation/122","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe National Association for the Advancement of Colored People (NAACP) is an African-American civil rights organization in the United States.  It was formed in 1909 and its mission is “to ensure the political, educational, social, and economic equality of rights of all persons and to eliminate racial hatred and racial discrimination.”\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30340/file/98324#t=2280.0,2310.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30340/file/98324/annotation_set/371/annotation/123","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe United States Constitution is the supreme law of the United States.  It delineates the form of the government (executive, legislative, judicial), the doctrine of separation of powers.  It describes the rights and responsibilities of the state governments and the states in relationship to the federal government.  It has been amended 27 times.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30340/file/98324#t=2340.0,2370.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30340/file/98324/annotation_set/371/annotation/124","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe Nobel Prize is a set of annual international awards bestowed in a number of categories in recognition of cultural and/or scientific advances. They were established in the will of the Swedish inventory Alfred Nobel in 1895.  The prizes are in Physics, Chemistry, Physiology or Medicine, Literature and Peace.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30340/file/98324#t=2400.0,2430.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30340/file/98324/annotation_set/371/annotation/125","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eFrom 1931 to the late 1950’s, courtship weekends in southern cities included Alabama’s “Falcon,” Birmingham, Alabama’s “Jubilee,” and Columbus, Georgia’s “Holly Days,” and Atlanta’s “Ballyhoo.”  They were attended by college-age Jewish youth who participated in rounds of breakfast dates, lunch dates, tea dance dates, early evening dates, late night dates, formal dances, and cocktail parties, with the goal of meeting a “nice Jewish boy or girl” who might well become a spouse. \u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30340/file/98324#t=2460.0,2490.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30340/file/98324/annotation_set/371/annotation/126","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eYoung Men’s Christian Association, commonly known as the ‘YMCA’ or the ‘Y.’  Worldwide organization founded in 1844 that aims to put Christian principles into practice by developing a health body, mind and spirit.  They offer recreational facilities, parent/child education programs, youth and teen development with after school programming, etc.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30340/file/98324#t=2490.0,2520.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30340/file/98324/annotation_set/371/annotation/127","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eIn 1972 an attempt was made on the life of George Wallace that left him paralyzed and in a wheelchair.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30340/file/98324#t=2610.0,2640.0"}]},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30340/file/98324/index/47249","type":"AnnotationPage","label":{"en":["Koch, Alan [Index]"]},"items":[{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30340/file/98324/index/47249/annotation/128","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Family History","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Title"]}}],"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30340/file/98324#t=21.0,306.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30340/file/98324/index/47249/annotation/129","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I'd like to begin by asking you about the family, where they were originally from, and how they came to be in Demopolis, Alabama.","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Partial Transcript"]}}],"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30340/file/98324#t=21.0,306.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/30340/file/98324/index/47249/annotation/130","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Automotive Dealer","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"B.J. 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