{"@context":"http://iiif.io/api/presentation/3/context.json","id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/iiif/599z03107m/manifest","type":"Manifest","label":{"en":["Cohen, Richard"]},"logo":"https://d9jk7wjtjpu5g.cloudfront.net/organizations/logo_images/000/000/082/original/TheBreman_SecondaryMark_Horizontal_Blue_Black.png?1713640889","metadata":[{"label":{"en":["Date"]},"value":{"en":["2025-12-23 (captured)"]}},{"label":{"en":["Agent"]},"value":{"en":["Cohen, Richard (Interviewee)","Evans, Gail (Interviewer)"]}},{"label":{"en":["Source"]},"value":{"en":["William Breman Jewish Heritage Museum","Esther and Herbert Taylor Oral History Collection","Jewish Oral History Project of Atlanta"]}},{"label":{"en":["Description"]},"value":{"en":["\u003cp\u003eRichard Cohen was interviewed by Gail Evans on December 23, 2025, in Atlanta, Georgia. \u003c/p\u003e (general)","\u003cp\u003eRichard William Cohen was born in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, in 1938. He is the only child of Abe and Lillian Davidow Cohen. Richard’s father was a rheumatologist who ran two clinics in Philadelphia, inspiring Richard’s own medical career. Richard graduated from Washington and Lee University and continued on to medical school at Thomas Jefferson University, where he specialized in orthopedics. In 1961, Richard married Lois Jaffee; the couple had three daughters and later divorced. Richard later remarried Dianne Harnell, blending their family and raising five daughters. \u003c/p\u003e\r\n\u003cp\u003e \u003c/p\u003e\r\n\u003cp\u003eRichard moved to Atlanta and Richard Klaus in practice at Klaus \u0026amp; Cohen for more than 25 years. Richard served as Chief of Staff, President of the County Medical Society, and Vice President of the State Medical Society. He also headed drug testing for the 1996 Atlanta Summer Olympics. Richard is an active member of the Atlanta community, including being involved in the American Jewish Committee, Leadership Atlanta, and leading the Black Jewish Coalition alongside Civil Rights activist and Congressman John Lewis. Richard has also worked for The Joint Commission reviewing hospitals and orthopedic programs across the country.\u003c/p\u003e (bioghist)","\u003cp\u003eThe interview provides an overview of Richard’s upbringing and career. He talks about his grandparents and parents. He talks about his grandparents’ careers and talks about how his family influenced his career and values. He discusses his Jewish upbringing, celebrating only the High Holidays, and his mother’s involvement in the sisterhood. He reflects on how antisemitism impacted his father’s career. He talks about his mother’s education and war efforts. \u003c/p\u003e\r\n\u003cp\u003e \u003c/p\u003e\r\n\u003cp\u003eRichard shares a story from his childhood about his father jumping into action to help people involved in a car accident. He reflects on how his father’s philanthropic nature influenced him. Richard talks about his experience attending Washington and Lee University and living in the South during segregation. Richard discusses how the honor code at Washington and Lee influenced him for the rest of his life. He talks about attending medical school at Thomas Jefferson University and his residency. \u003c/p\u003e\r\n\u003cp\u003e \u003c/p\u003e\r\n\u003cp\u003eRichard discusses his decision to move to the Atlanta area and going into practice. He discusses the progression of his career from surgeon to Chief of Staff, to President of the County Medical Society, to Vice President of the State Medical Society. Richards discusses his community involvement, particularly with the American Jewish Committee and the Black-Jewish Coalition. He mentions that he and his wife, Dianne, became involved with John Lewis’ campaign when he ran for Congress. He talks about Leadership Atlanta and meeting his second wife, Dianne Harnell. He talks about raising their five children from their previous marriages. The interview concludes with Richard sharing his love of traveling with his family. \u003c/p\u003e (scope content)"]}},{"label":{"en":["Rights Statement"]},"value":{"en":["\u003cp\u003eAll rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, recorded by any information storage and retrieval system, without the express written consent of the William Breman Jewish Heritage Museum.\u003c/p\u003e"]}},{"label":{"en":["Subject"]},"value":{"en":["Alexander, Elaine Barron (b. 1934) (personal name)","Berman, Naomi Cohen (1918-1999) (personal name)","Blumenthal, Jerry (b. 1938) (personal name)","Bond, Horace Julian (1940-2015) (personal name)","Brickman, Dr. Stanley Perry (b. 1931) (personal name)","Brunswick, Rona Bronfman (1912-1993) (personal name)","Cohen, Dr. Abraham (personal name)","Cohen, Dianne Harnell (b. 1943) (personal name)","Cohen, Lillian Davidow (1915-1962) (personal name)","Cohen, Richard (b. 1938) (personal name)","Davidow, Edward (personal name)","Davidow, Lawrence (personal name)","Davidow, Meyer (personal name)","Evans, Robert “Bob” (1930-2017) (personal name)","Franklin, Benjamin (1706-1790) (personal name)","Hampton, Lionel (1908-2002) (personal name)","Jackson Jr., Maynard Holbrook (1938-2003) (personal name)","Johnson, Lyndon B. (1908-1973) (personal name)","Kennedy, John Fitzgerald (1917-1963) (personal name)","Kennedy, Robert Francis “Bobby” (1925-1968) (personal name)","Klaus, Dr. Richard (1938-2012) (personal name)","Levine, Dr. Michael (b. 1934) (personal name)","Lewis, John Robert (1940-2020) (personal name)","Taylor, Judith Grossman (b. 1936) (personal name)","Weisman, Dr. Evan Benjamin (1938-2018) (personal name)","American Jewish Committee (corporate name)","American Jewish Joint Distribution Committee (corporate name)","American Red Cross (ARC) (corporate name)","Anti-Defamation League (ADL) (corporate name)","Atlanta University (corporate name)","Coca-Cola Company (corporate name)","Elkins Park (corporate name)","Emory University (corporate name)","Emory University School of Medicine (corporate name)","Georgia Power Company (corporate name)","Goucher College (corporate name)","Jefferson Hospital (corporate name)","The Joint Commission (corporate name)","Kennestone Hospital (corporate name)","Leadership Atlanta (corporate name)","New York Stock Exchange (corporate name)","Philadelphia General Hospital (corporate name)","Piedmont Atlanta Hospital (corporate name)","Washington and Lee University (corporate name)","William Breman Jewish Heritage Museum (corporate name)","Zoom (corporate name)","Allentown, Pennsylvania (geographic term)","Atlanta, Georgia (geographic term)","Auckland, New Zealand (geographic term)","Boston, Massachusetts (geographic term)","Chattahoochee Hills (geographic term)","Cheltenham Township (geographic term)","Cobb County (geographic term)","Ellis Island (geographic term)","Harrisburg, Pennsylvania (geographic term)","Kinston, North Carolina (geographic term)","Louisville, Kentucky (geographic term)","Pennsburg, Pennsylvania (geographic term)","Perth, Australia (geographic term)","Philadelphia, Pennsylvania (geographic term)","Pottstown, Pennsylvania (geographic term)","Queenstown, New Zealand (geographic term)","Reading, Pennsylvania (geographic term)","San Sebastian, Spain (geographic term)","Scranton, Pennsylvania (geographic term)","Serenbe, Georgia (geographic term)","Sterling, Pennsylvania (geographic term)","Wilkes-Barre, Pennsylvania (geographic term)","Civil Rights Movement (named event)","The Great Depression (named event)","Vietnam War (named event)","World War II (named event)","1996 Olympics (named event)","Black-Jewish Coalition (other)","Disneyland (other)","Hanukkah (other)","High Holy Days (other)","Passover (other)","Reform Judaism (other)","Segregation (other)"]}}],"summary":{"en":["\u003cp\u003eRichard Cohen was interviewed by Gail Evans on December 23, 2025, in Atlanta, Georgia.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eRichard William Cohen was born in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, in 1938. He is the only child of Abe and Lillian Davidow Cohen. Richard\u0026rsquo;s father was a rheumatologist who ran two clinics in Philadelphia, inspiring Richard\u0026rsquo;s own medical career. Richard graduated from Washington and Lee University and continued on to medical school at Thomas Jefferson University, where he specialized in orthopedics. In 1961, Richard married Lois Jaffee; the couple had three daughters and later divorced. Richard later remarried Dianne Harnell, blending their family and raising five daughters.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\u003cp\u003eRichard moved to Atlanta and Richard Klaus in practice at Klaus \u0026amp; Cohen for more than 25 years. Richard served as Chief of Staff, President of the County Medical Society, and Vice President of the State Medical Society. He also headed drug testing for the 1996 Atlanta Summer Olympics. Richard is an active member of the Atlanta community, including being involved in the American Jewish Committee, Leadership Atlanta, and leading the Black Jewish Coalition alongside Civil Rights activist and Congressman John Lewis. Richard has also worked for The Joint Commission reviewing hospitals and orthopedic programs across the country.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe interview provides an overview of Richard\u0026rsquo;s upbringing and career. He talks about his grandparents and parents. He talks about his grandparents\u0026rsquo; careers and talks about how his family influenced his career and values. He discusses his Jewish upbringing, celebrating only the High Holidays, and his mother\u0026rsquo;s involvement in the sisterhood. He reflects on how antisemitism impacted his father\u0026rsquo;s career. He talks about his mother\u0026rsquo;s education and war efforts.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\u003cp\u003eRichard shares a story from his childhood about his father jumping into action to help people involved in a car accident. He reflects on how his father\u0026rsquo;s philanthropic nature influenced him. Richard talks about his experience attending Washington and Lee University and living in the South during segregation. Richard discusses how the honor code at Washington and Lee influenced him for the rest of his life. He talks about attending medical school at Thomas Jefferson University and his residency.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\u003cp\u003eRichard discusses his decision to move to the Atlanta area and going into practice. He discusses the progression of his career from surgeon to Chief of Staff, to President of the County Medical Society, to Vice President of the State Medical Society. Richards discusses his community involvement, particularly with the American Jewish Committee and the Black-Jewish Coalition. He mentions that he and his wife, Dianne, became involved with John Lewis\u0026rsquo; campaign when he ran for Congress. He talks about Leadership Atlanta and meeting his second wife, Dianne Harnell. He talks about raising their five children from their previous marriages. The interview concludes with Richard sharing his love of traveling with his family.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e"]},"requiredStatement":{"label":{"en":["Attribution"]},"value":{"en":["\u003cp\u003eAll rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, recorded by any information storage and retrieval system, without the express written consent of the William Breman Jewish Heritage Museum.\u003c/p\u003e"]}},"provider":[{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/aboutus","type":"Agent","label":{"en":["William Breman Jewish Heritage Museum"]},"homepage":[{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/","type":"Text","label":{"en":["William Breman Jewish Heritage Museum"]},"format":"text/html"}],"logo":[{"id":"https://d9jk7wjtjpu5g.cloudfront.net/organizations/logo_images/000/000/082/original/TheBreman_SecondaryMark_Horizontal_Blue_Black.png?1713640889","type":"Image"}]}],"thumbnail":[{"id":"https://d9jk7wjtjpu5g.cloudfront.net/collection_resource_files/thumbnails/000/311/970/small/Cohen_Richard.mp4_1781053423.jpg?1781053428","type":"Image","format":"image/jpeg"}],"items":[{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/173004/file/311970","type":"Canvas","label":{"en":["Media File 1 of 1 - Cohen__Richard.mp4"]},"duration":4708.04721,"width":640,"height":360,"thumbnail":[{"id":"https://d9jk7wjtjpu5g.cloudfront.net/collection_resource_files/thumbnails/000/311/970/small/Cohen_Richard.mp4_1781053423.jpg?1781053428","type":"Image","format":"image/jpeg"}],"items":[{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/173004/file/311970/content/1","type":"AnnotationPage","items":[{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/173004/file/311970/content/1/annotation/1","type":"Annotation","motivation":"painting","body":{"id":"https://aviary-p-thebreman.s3.wasabisys.com/collection_resource_files/resource_files/000/311/970/original/Cohen__Richard.mp4?1781053419","type":"Video","format":"video/mp4","duration":4708.04721,"width":640,"height":360},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/173004/file/311970","metadata":[]}]}],"annotations":[{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/173004/file/311970/transcript/94482","type":"AnnotationPage","label":{"en":["Cohen, Richard [Transcript]"]},"items":[{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/173004/file/311970/transcript/94482/annotation/1","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eEVANS:\u003c/strong\u003e Let's begin. Give me your full name.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/173004/file/311970#t=1.0,8.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/173004/file/311970/transcript/94482/annotation/2","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eCOHEN:\u003c/strong\u003e Richard William Cohen.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/173004/file/311970#t=8.0,9.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/173004/file/311970/transcript/94482/annotation/3","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eEVANS:\u003c/strong\u003e Were you named after somebody?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/173004/file/311970#t=9.0,12.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/173004/file/311970/transcript/94482/annotation/4","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eCOHEN:\u003c/strong\u003e Yes, I was. I was named after my grandfather, and that's the William. My grandfather died two years before I was born. My parents; he was literally on his deathbed when my parents got married, and they pushed their marriage in order that he would see them married.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/173004/file/311970#t=12.0,36.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/173004/file/311970/transcript/94482/annotation/5","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eEVANS:\u003c/strong\u003e Nice. When and where were you born? Let's hear your birth date and where were you . . .","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/173004/file/311970#t=36.0,40.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/173004/file/311970/transcript/94482/annotation/6","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eCOHEN:\u003c/strong\u003e I was born in Philadelphia [Pennsylvania], January 30th, 1938.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/173004/file/311970#t=40.0,46.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/173004/file/311970/transcript/94482/annotation/7","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eEVANS:\u003c/strong\u003e Who else was in your family?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/173004/file/311970#t=46.0,49.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/173004/file/311970/transcript/94482/annotation/8","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eCOHEN:\u003c/strong\u003e I had no siblings. My father had gone through the Depression, was a physician, and he chose that he wouldn't get married until he could afford it. That was in 1936. My mother was 15 years younger than my father. My father was 36 years old when he got married the first and only time. My mother was 21.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/173004/file/311970#t=49.0,86.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/173004/file/311970/transcript/94482/annotation/9","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eEVANS:\u003c/strong\u003e I didn't realize. What about aunts and uncles and cousins?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/173004/file/311970#t=86.0,91.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/173004/file/311970/transcript/94482/annotation/10","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eCOHEN:\u003c/strong\u003e My father was one of six and my mother was one of two. My father had two sisters and then the rest were males. My mother had a sister. Interestingly, the entire family is from Harrisburg to Scranton, Pennsylvania. They all came over in the late in the 1890’s, a couple came over in the very early 1902, 1906 type thing. They were sent, in other words, when they arrived in Ellis Island, the Joint Distribution Center for Jews told them where to go. If you didn't have a family member that you could join then they spread you out, and the whole group got spread out in eastern Pennsylvania. A couple for a short period of time were in Louisville, Kentucky, but they quickly figured out that eastern Pennsylvania was more friendly because they had other family members there literally from Harrisburg all through that area. My mother's family was the same. My mother's family overlapped my father's family geographically.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/173004/file/311970#t=91.0,185.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/173004/file/311970/transcript/94482/annotation/11","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eEVANS:\u003c/strong\u003e Interesting. Yes, Bob's family was sent to Kinston, North Carolina.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/173004/file/311970#t=185.0,191.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/173004/file/311970/transcript/94482/annotation/12","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eCOHEN:\u003c/strong\u003e Exactly.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/173004/file/311970#t=191.0,192.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/173004/file/311970/transcript/94482/annotation/13","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eEVANS:\u003c/strong\u003e At that same time. That's so interesting. Where did your grandparents come from?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/173004/file/311970#t=192.0,197.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/173004/file/311970/transcript/94482/annotation/14","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eCOHEN:\u003c/strong\u003e Everybody came from Lithuania that I could tell. We have a pretty good history on my mother's side, which are called Davidows. My mother was Lillian Davidow and married Abe Cohen, Abraham Cohen. Abe didn't have a middle name, and my mother didn't have a middle name. It was the Davidow's side that we have a good deal of knowledge about. A lot of it goes back another couple generations. My father's side, however, is a dead end. My aunt, who you knew, Toots, Naomi Berman, we would ask her. She was born in 1920. We would ask. Dianne and I traveled with them, were very close to them, and she had no clue. She knew who her father was, the name of her grandfather, and that was it. I have almost nothing on my father's side, and yet my mother's side we have a pretty good record of. There are some interesting stories as a result of that. I think one of the interesting ones is my father was a physician. He was a primary care rheumatologist. He taught me the concept of compassion. He was a man who would; he literally, every now and then, would come home with chickens. If people couldn't afford to pay, they paid in chickens. He also ran two clinics, arthritis clinics, at Philadelphia General Hospital and Jefferson Hospital in Philadelphia, but he was just a classic physician in terms of how he handled himself and how he did it. There are some interesting stories in there that relate to being Jewish to the negative, and there are some stories in there societally to the positive. One of the best things that ever happened was Medicare. Medicare came in 1966, 1967, and he made more money that year than he had ever made because everybody paid.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/173004/file/311970#t=197.0,367.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/173004/file/311970/transcript/94482/annotation/15","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eEVANS:\u003c/strong\u003e Share one of the negative stories. I'm interested.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/173004/file/311970#t=367.0,372.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/173004/file/311970/transcript/94482/annotation/16","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eCOHEN:\u003c/strong\u003e The negative, we were a Reform Jewish family. We belonged to a synagogue. But I wouldn't say we were terribly active. We were high holiday Jews, if you would. My mother, though, at one point was president of the sisterhood. We're talking now post-war, if you will, in the late 1940’s and 1950’s, early 1950’s. At that time, Jews were careful, they laid low, they didn't make a big deal. Very much involved in the community, but sort of kept their voice low. I grew up in North Philadelphia, suburbs. There was a significant Jewish community but clearly not a dominant Jewish community. If I had to guess, maybe it was 15, 20 percent Jewish. But I remember vividly one day my father coming home about 1949, 1950 and saying he was moving hospitals. He was a full professor at Jefferson Medical College, the Department of Internal Medicine. They appointed a new head to the department, and he fired all the Jews. The Jews had to go scurry around the city to find a hospital that they could practice at. Interestingly, the Catholic hospital easily brought in several of the Jews.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/173004/file/311970#t=372.0,474.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/173004/file/311970/transcript/94482/annotation/17","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eEVANS:\u003c/strong\u003e It's so interesting, it's like Perry Brickman’s story about the dentists at Emory.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/173004/file/311970#t=474.0,480.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/173004/file/311970/transcript/94482/annotation/18","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eCOHEN:\u003c/strong\u003e Interesting.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/173004/file/311970#t=480.0,482.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/173004/file/311970/transcript/94482/annotation/19","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eEVANS:\u003c/strong\u003e Same thing happened there, except it was probably years later, because it affected him. Did anybody in your family change their name when they came to the United States?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/173004/file/311970#t=482.0,496.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/173004/file/311970/transcript/94482/annotation/20","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eCOHEN:\u003c/strong\u003e My grandfather. My grandfather Davidow was Edward Davidow and he had a different; his first name was different and the Davidow I believe also changed. There was a string of Davidows, Davidow Suits in New York was part of the family, and Meyer Davidow. It's an interesting story, one day, my father and mother, we lived in Chestnut Hill, and one day we moved. We moved to a very comfortable, nice house up on a hill in Elkins Park, and until about 20 years ago, I had no idea why we did that. Lawrence Davidow, my grandfather's brother, became quite wealthy in Scranton, Pennsylvania. He died in the mid-thirties, and he left my mother and he left my mother's sister a significant amount of money, money that my mother got bought the house.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/173004/file/311970#t=496.0,573.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/173004/file/311970/transcript/94482/annotation/21","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eEVANS:\u003c/strong\u003e Interesting. Your mother was a physician's wife. What did your mother do?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/173004/file/311970#t=573.0,579.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/173004/file/311970/transcript/94482/annotation/22","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eCOHEN:\u003c/strong\u003e Never worked.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/173004/file/311970#t=579.0,580.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/173004/file/311970/transcript/94482/annotation/23","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eEVANS:\u003c/strong\u003e Never worked.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/173004/file/311970#t=580.0,581.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/173004/file/311970/transcript/94482/annotation/24","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eCOHEN:\u003c/strong\u003e Never worked. She did go to Goucher, and if I stop and think about it, I never quite looked at it. She went to Goucher and then got married because she was 21 when she got married to my father and she never worked. During the war, she was a driver of a Red Cross ambulance.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/173004/file/311970#t=581.0,602.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/173004/file/311970/transcript/94482/annotation/25","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eEVANS:\u003c/strong\u003e So was my mother. That's funny, with the blue, with that uniform, with the little hats. Yes, I remember. Yes, I remember.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/173004/file/311970#t=602.0,608.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/173004/file/311970/transcript/94482/annotation/26","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eCOHEN:\u003c/strong\u003e Yes, I remember.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/173004/file/311970#t=608.0,608.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/173004/file/311970/transcript/94482/annotation/27","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eEVANS:\u003c/strong\u003e Yes, I remember. Yes, I remember. The steel gray suit, yes.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/173004/file/311970#t=608.0,611.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/173004/file/311970/transcript/94482/annotation/28","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eCOHEN:\u003c/strong\u003e She and her best friend Rona Brunswick up the street. Rona was about, to me she was like ten foot tall, but Rona, Rona is probably 5'8\", 5'9\", and my mother was about 4'10.\" There were these two people and they drove together.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/173004/file/311970#t=611.0,633.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/173004/file/311970/transcript/94482/annotation/29","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eEVANS:\u003c/strong\u003e Tell me a little bit about Elkins Park and North Philadelphia and what kind of community it was growing up.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/173004/file/311970#t=633.0,640.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/173004/file/311970/transcript/94482/annotation/30","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eCOHEN:\u003c/strong\u003e Safe! Very open, safe as could be. I got on my bike, and I rode the streets and my bike was my main means of transportation. A significant Jewish community. My schools always had a significant group of Jews. I never really felt any issues. We had a black community just outside of the city called Lamont that was next to Melrose and Elkins Park. We all went to school together in the elementary school, junior high, and high school. The black community, the Jewish community and the Christian community, there really wasn't . . . I didn't feel anything particular in terms of growing up Jewish. In other words, I really never felt, I can't remember an incident, I'm sure there may have been, but I don't remember any incident of antisemitism. Now, I remember that we were careful, and I remember people just went about their business. I don't remember a Jew ever being in politics, local politics, the County Commission or the Elkins Park, whatever, governmental agency. I don't remember a Jew ever being involved in it, just kept a quiet life.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/173004/file/311970#t=640.0,738.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/173004/file/311970/transcript/94482/annotation/31","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eEVANS:\u003c/strong\u003e You've always been involved in all the different communities and social justice has always been part of your life, where did that come from? It must have started sometime earlier in your life.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/173004/file/311970#t=738.0,751.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/173004/file/311970/transcript/94482/annotation/32","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eCOHEN:\u003c/strong\u003e My parents were very philanthropic. I think that's part of it. It's how you express philanthropy. I think philanthropy can be expressed in many ways. It can be express by giving money, or it can be expressed by giving time and commitment and building bridges and helping organizations help others. My mother was always involved in some way or another with one of the Jewish organizations. My father, not so much in that way because he was, he worked. He was a physician and he, I don't really. He was involved within his professorships, and I can't answer that any better than that. He was involved in the clinics. He gave philanthropically by running two significant arthritis clinics and basically took a day a week between the two clinics.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/173004/file/311970#t=751.0,825.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/173004/file/311970/transcript/94482/annotation/33","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eEVANS:\u003c/strong\u003e Your grandfather was a physician?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/173004/file/311970#t=825.0,828.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/173004/file/311970/transcript/94482/annotation/34","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eCOHEN:\u003c/strong\u003e No, no.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/173004/file/311970#t=828.0,829.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/173004/file/311970/transcript/94482/annotation/35","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eEVANS:\u003c/strong\u003e What did your grandfathers do?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/173004/file/311970#t=829.0,834.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/173004/file/311970/transcript/94482/annotation/36","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eCOHEN:\u003c/strong\u003e My father's father was a tailor, and he was a tailor in Reading, Pennsylvania. He had these six kids, lived in a very modest house in Reading, Pennsylvania and he died two years before I was born. My mother's father died probably fifteen years before I was born. Very successful in real estate and in the jewelry business, real estate in Wilkes-Barre, Pennsylvania. He owned a good deal of property. When he died, the family, meaning my mother, grandmother and aunt, moved into the hotel. It was a hotel in Wilkes-Barre, Pennsylvania called the Sterling, and they moved into the Sterling, and they had a suite and they lived that's how they grew up. A little bizarre.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/173004/file/311970#t=834.0,897.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/173004/file/311970/transcript/94482/annotation/37","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eEVANS:\u003c/strong\u003e No! It sounds like fun!","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/173004/file/311970#t=897.0,900.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/173004/file/311970/transcript/94482/annotation/38","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eCOHEN:\u003c/strong\u003e They literally lived off of his real estate and as time went by, they sold a little bit and then my mother and aunt, when my grandmother died, they had a little real estate still left.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/173004/file/311970#t=900.0,917.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/173004/file/311970/transcript/94482/annotation/39","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eEVANS:\u003c/strong\u003e When did you know you wanted to be a doctor? Probably . . . Probably . . .","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/173004/file/311970#t=917.0,923.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/173004/file/311970/transcript/94482/annotation/40","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eCOHEN:\u003c/strong\u003e Probably . . .","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/173004/file/311970#t=923.0,923.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/173004/file/311970/transcript/94482/annotation/41","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eEVANS:\u003c/strong\u003e Probably . . . Probably . . . Or did you want to be a doctor?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/173004/file/311970#t=923.0,924.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/173004/file/311970/transcript/94482/annotation/42","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eCOHEN:\u003c/strong\u003e No, no, there's no question. I guess I want to double back one second because when I said my parents taught me philanthropy, I had an uncle who taught me business ethics and morals. Uncle Nook, you knew Saul. I remember very young that Nook taught me that you must be honest and truthful and if you shook a hand, that was it. Nook was of the whole family, we had a couple of haberdashers in the family. We had couple of ne'er-do-wells in the family. Nook was the one probably most successful. Nook got into the trucking industry.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/173004/file/311970#t=924.0,985.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/173004/file/311970/transcript/94482/annotation/43","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eEVANS:\u003c/strong\u003e Yes, I was going to say that he was in the car and truck industry.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/173004/file/311970#t=985.0,988.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/173004/file/311970/transcript/94482/annotation/44","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eCOHEN:\u003c/strong\u003e It was interesting, because his father came over and was sent to Pennsburg, Pennsylvania, and he was a farmer, and he came across and became a farmer. He was a farmer in the old country. It's a cute story. In the late 1930’s he figured out that the war was coming. He had tractors on the farm, and he says, when the war comes, we're not going to be able to build trucks. We have to build war items. He started buying used trucks and putting them in the field. He ended up with about an acre of trucks. As the war came, people needed trucks. He resold these trucks. Nook was part; he had three brothers and two sisters and when the war was over his father gave them the money from the trucks and they opened up a new and used truck company. Each of the brothers opened up a company, one in Allentown, Pennsylvania, one in Pennsburg and one in Pottstown [Pennsylvania]. My Uncle Nook was in Pottstown. They went on to become quite successful. Ended up the first trucking company to go into leasing, and they ended up being on the New York Stock Exchange and merging with Penske Trucks. Then Nook was older and retired, and actually from there [bought] two-car dealerships, and he did that for several years and then retired and died ultimately.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/173004/file/311970#t=988.0,1109.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/173004/file/311970/transcript/94482/annotation/45","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eEVANS:\u003c/strong\u003e All of these businesspeople and the rest . . .","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/173004/file/311970#t=1109.0,1112.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/173004/file/311970/transcript/94482/annotation/46","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eCOHEN:\u003c/strong\u003e He taught me a level of integrity that was important. As I think through; you told me you wanted to do this interview, I should think a little bit about that. I think that what became . . . we all learn different things as we go. The values, the value system, the moral system. I started to think about where it came from. My father used to have an office very early on in Reading [Pennsylvania] at my grandparents' home. He would spend a day up there taking care of patients in Reading as arthritis doctors were very rare, unusual. He would spend the day in the clinics. He would take me along, I'd go to Reading, I'd see my grandmother, and I'd have lunch with my grandmother while my father worked. I remember one day going up the road and we started to cross a railroad and we saw an enormous accident had happened. My father got out of the car immediately and went over to help the person who was very badly injured, by being; he was in a car being hit by a train. I remembered that, and that probably started me thinking about, you can help people. You can make a difference. Ultimately, in my late teens, mid teens, I started seriously saying this is what I want to do. I wanted to do it differently in the sense, I'm pretty good mechanically. My hands are good; I have a really good spatial relationship. If you want me to learn a language, I don't speak English well. Seriously, when I was a kid, I was dyslexic. My English ability was really poor, and I had to learn languages to go to college and never could do it. But mechanically and visually I have really good skills. My father showed me what arthritis was and I was introduced because I used to go clinics with him and I'd see these people in wheelchairs and on crutches and canes and there wasn't much you could do for them in the late 1940’s. Then he was one of the founders of steroids and then the use of steroids in arthritis. That taught me that there were some answers, but ultimately the better answer was to replace the joint and it was mechanical. I said I'm going into orthopedics rather than going into rheumatology where you treat people with drugs and injections.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/173004/file/311970#t=1112.0,1305.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/173004/file/311970/transcript/94482/annotation/47","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eEVANS:\u003c/strong\u003e Interesting. I'll add my contribution about that, Richard's the only doctor I know when you're on an airplane with him and they say, \"is there a doctor on board?\" who always raises his hand. That's my editorial comment.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/173004/file/311970#t=1305.0,1341.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/173004/file/311970/transcript/94482/annotation/48","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eCOHEN:\u003c/strong\u003e That goes back to Abe.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/173004/file/311970#t=1341.0,1343.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/173004/file/311970/transcript/94482/annotation/49","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eEVANS:\u003c/strong\u003e No, I know that's interesting, yes. Because I'm always aware of the danger.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/173004/file/311970#t=1343.0,1347.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/173004/file/311970/transcript/94482/annotation/50","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eCOHEN:\u003c/strong\u003e It's role-modeling. It really is.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/173004/file/311970#t=1347.0,1392.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/173004/file/311970/transcript/94482/annotation/51","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eEVANS:\u003c/strong\u003e I just want to do a little quick education. Where did you go to college and medical school, and were there professors there that had a specific influence on you?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/173004/file/311970#t=1392.0,1405.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/173004/file/311970/transcript/94482/annotation/52","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eCOHEN:\u003c/strong\u003e I went to the public school system of Cheltenham Township, and at the time, and even today, only kids who didn't do well went to private school. They're the ones who were kicked into private school. I went into a public school, I got a very good education, everything was good. I went to Washington and Lee [University]. I wanted to go to Yale. I got into Yale provisionally with my morning SATs. When I did my afternoon comprehensions in English, they said, “No thanks.” Our rabbi, who we; my father and my rabbi, David Weiss, were very close and they did a lot of work together because my father was the physician and helped out underprivileged people. David was the rabbi. He had lots of people who needed help. David had gone to Washington and Lee, so David said to my father, “If Richard's not going to Yale, why don't we send him down south to Washington and Lee?” Now from Philadelphia, Virginia, and Washington and Lee was the South. This is 1956. It's before the Civil Rights Movement and the things that related to that. I grew up neutral in terms of black, white. My parents didn't have black friends. I went to school with black students. I came to the South. All of a sudden, 80 percent of the school are Southerners. Mississippi, Alabama, Georgia, Louisiana. It was a different experience. My fraternity brothers, nice Jewish guys, had gun racks with guns in their pickup trucks. I could never figure out that concept, but yet they were there and they were very much segregationists. I remember one time we had what's called fancy dress, which is every year this big fancy party that's throughout the whole campus, and Lionel Hampton was coming into play. We had always top bands, and my job was to find Lionel a place to stay. I literally had to drive 30 miles outside of Atlanta to a motel that you wouldn't stay at. It was the only thing I could find for Lionel Hampton and his band. On the other hand, probably the most seminal thing about college was when we got there in freshman orientation, you went out to a little camp area and they said, the most important thing that W\u0026L has to give you is an honor system. The honor system at W\u0026L was the oldest honor system in the country. It was a single sanction, and it was run totally by the student body. Faculty had no role in it at all, and we were told, this is the honor system, you must be truthful, and that we could take exams back in our room. If you stole or anything like that, you were in deep shit, so to speak. We learned that and within two weeks of school, Kenny Lux and one other guy, both Jewish, were kicked out. It just struck me. What they had done is they had shared their homework. The teacher learned and figured out that they had shared their homework, and they were gone. It taught me the concepts of truth and honesty that have been a real hallmark to how I've lived my life. It was a living quality of the campus for four years I was there. Subsequently, an interesting story. I was not a very gung-ho college guy, sort of quiet. I was an only kid. I did okay. I had good friends, but not a lot of friends. We had two Jewish fraternities. School at that time was about 11, 1,200 students, including law school. I had a class of about 200 students, 220. We had two Jewish fraternities, and the Jews generally assimilated well at school. We did not have a Hillel, but we had close relationships with several others of the fraternities. The school at that time was 90 percent fraternity. If you weren't in a fraternity, you were basically an outcast. It was all male. There wasn't lots of women, but they were imported. Particularly on the weekends. We had lots of girls' schools around. There were a couple of fraternity houses that we didn't work well with, but basically there wasn't a lot of trouble with; you got a lot of black-white issues, but not Jewish gentile issues. It was a safe environment. It was a good education. What was unique is you didn't have to major in an individual science to go to medical school there or to plan to go medical school. You had what was called a pre-med education, which meant that you only had to take minimum requirements to get into medical school. Which left me an enormous number of electives. I was really able to do electives in history, in art, in business, where most pre-meds were hung up in a major in biology or chemistry and didn't have quite the liberal arts education that I was capable of having.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/173004/file/311970#t=1405.0,1790.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/173004/file/311970/transcript/94482/annotation/53","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eEVANS:\u003c/strong\u003e Interesting, and so you graduated from W\u0026L and headed to medical school?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/173004/file/311970#t=1790.0,1794.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/173004/file/311970/transcript/94482/annotation/54","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eCOHEN:\u003c/strong\u003e Went back to Philadelphia, went to Jefferson for four years, did an internship in a community hospital in Philadelphia, and then spent four years in residency in orthopedics. It was literally 1960 to 1971, and it was interesting, I was reading a book the other day. The book was about the 1960’s. The only thing I remember from the 1960’s was three assassinations. Three assassinations and that was it. The book I was reading about was all about the 1960’s and particularly about Lyndon Johnson. I didn't know any of it. It was just happening. I know where I was when JFK [John F. Kennedy] was killed. I knew exactly the place that was. The same is not exactly true, I knew quickly about Bobby Kennedy's death and those things. But I was just ignorant. I just had my head down. I'd gotten married, too early, but you either got married, because if you went to medical school, you weren't likely to date much. There wasn't a minute available. But I got married, had a kid, had another kid. By the time I finished residency, I had three kids. I worked every third night covering as a resident and even in medical school and then one weekend a month I worked out in the community as a primary care physician. There were three of us who had a literally a weekend practice and for four years the three of us would cover ten primary care physicians in the northern part of the city. Collected cash and made enough money to be able to support our families","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/173004/file/311970#t=1794.0,1942.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/173004/file/311970/transcript/94482/annotation/55","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eEVANS:\u003c/strong\u003e Here you are, this Pennsylvania-Philadelphia guy. What attracted you and made you think in the early 1970’s that Atlanta, Georgia was a place to come to.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/173004/file/311970#t=1942.0,1957.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/173004/file/311970/transcript/94482/annotation/56","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eCOHEN:\u003c/strong\u003e The answer to those things is always coincidental. There was a fundamental piece. The fundamental piece, Philadelphia was a unique education. Philadelphia and Boston [Massachusetts], to a little lesser degree New York, at that time were the center of medical education. I was not an educator. I did not want to do research. If you were in practice anywhere within 75 miles of Philadelphia, you had to educate. Because either you had interns or residents in the hospital, even if you were in a community hospital, you were doing it. It just wasn't my calling. My calling was much more; I wanted to be in an office, I want to be an operating room, I wanted take care of patients day to day, day in and day out. I didn't want to have that responsibility. Then it was really an issue of where. I knew I had to get out of Philly. Where was I going? It was simply a coincidence. I made up my mind, I didn't want California and I didn't want Phoenix. I wanted someplace where it was growing. Because very honestly the Northeast had start to become stagnant, competition was pretty fierce. I didn't want to deal with that. To me I had limited down to Houston [Texas], Dallas [Texas], and Atlanta because at that time in the early 1970’s, all three were booming and really starting to grow and explode, which meant there would be a lot of opportunity. I started looking around, I interviewed in Houston, I did an interview in Dallas, but Richard Klaus was a person who I knew. I grew up with Richard in the northern suburbs of Philadelphia. We were in different schools. He went to Central High. I went in Cheltenham. But we knew each other. We were Jews in the Jewish community. We belonged to different Jewish fraternities in high school. But we know each other, and we had some socializing together. Somebody said, “Richard's moved to Atlanta. Why don't you give him a call?” Richard . . . I was in residency, and I did a year, extra year in research, in residency. Richard went off to Vietnam. When he came back from Vietnam, he came . . . I don't remember exactly why, but he ended up finding Atlanta. He found suburban Atlanta, meaning Cobb County. Somebody said to me, “Richard's down there, you ought to give him a call.” Richard came into practice in July, August of 1971. I called up and I said, can I come down and visit? He says, sure. I came down over Thanksgiving, and I moved in in January. He wasn't necessarily looking for a partner. He was in practice by himself. Absolutely snowed under with work because there was just more work, there were far more people needing orthopedic care in 1971 than there were orthopedists available. Our best friends were the competition across the street. We all helped each other because there was too much work and you didn't need to be protective and have to fight to get patients. They were there. We would help each other in the emergency rooms and ORs [operating rooms] and all that.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/173004/file/311970#t=1957.0,2188.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/173004/file/311970/transcript/94482/annotation/57","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eEVANS:\u003c/strong\u003e You began practicing from suburban Philadelphia where 15, 20 percent of the population is Jewish, you began practicing in Cobb County. Were there, first of all, were there many Jews in Cobb County? Were there other Jewish doctors in Cobb County in those days?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/173004/file/311970#t=2188.0,2208.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/173004/file/311970/transcript/94482/annotation/58","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eCOHEN:\u003c/strong\u003e The answer is few and far between . . . I started practice with Richard at Cobb General Hospital in the southern portion of Cobb County. It was a young hospital. Hospital was built like in 1965, and I remember there were maybe two other or three other Jewish doctors on the staff. No real issues. I wouldn't say we were welcomed, but we weren't not welcomed. Don't ever remember a significant antisemitic situation or encounter. But we weren’t involved. We were involved in taking care of patients, but we weren't involved in the structure, the political structure within the county at all. That was true at Windy Hill Hospital, that was true at Kennestone [Hospital], much the senior facility, if you would. Kennestone was founded in the late 1940’s. Very, very structured, very, very Christian institution. We were pretty much left alone and referred to if they needed total hip, they surely referred to us. The competitive orthopedic practice had two Jewish members as well. There was a pediatrician in the community who was Jewish. I think we had a G-I [gastro-intestinal], didn't have an OB-GYN [obstetrician-gynecologist], may have had a G-I doctor.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/173004/file/311970#t=2208.0,2394.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/173004/file/311970/transcript/94482/annotation/59","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eEVANS:\u003c/strong\u003e Was Jerry Blumenthal?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/173004/file/311970#t=2394.0,2396.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/173004/file/311970/transcript/94482/annotation/60","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eCOHEN:\u003c/strong\u003e Jerry was up in Kennestone, Jerry Blumenthal and Sig Rosenbloom were up at Kennestone Hospital with Mike Levine.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/173004/file/311970#t=2396.0,2405.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/173004/file/311970/transcript/94482/annotation/61","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eEVANS:\u003c/strong\u003e And Evan Weisman.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/173004/file/311970#t=2405.0,2407.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/173004/file/311970/transcript/94482/annotation/62","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eCOHEN:\u003c/strong\u003e And Evan Weisman, yes, Evan was up there.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/173004/file/311970#t=2407.0,2410.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/173004/file/311970/transcript/94482/annotation/63","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eEVANS:\u003c/strong\u003e As the years went on, you became part of the medical establishment in both Cobb County and greater Georgia. Take us through that journey.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/173004/file/311970#t=2410.0,2424.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/173004/file/311970/transcript/94482/annotation/64","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eCOHEN:\u003c/strong\u003e It was an interesting journey. We had a problem; there were two things. One, back to my father, this concept of giving back, of being involved and dedicating, doing something in a communal manner. If you're a physician, the first community you look at is your own. In other words, being a physician: What can you do within your community to make it a better community? Which is not just taking care of patients. We had a problem with a physician within the orthopedic department who was not very competent. Everybody said we need to do something about it, but nobody was willing. At one point somebody looked and said, \"Richard, if we make you head of the department, will you take care of this problem?\" I don't know, something said yes. I did that. I became head of the Department of Orthopedics. There were about 10 of us. This guy, I waited around long enough that we could really get a dossier on him, called up Emory, and I said, \"I need an independent review on this guy.\" It took us about a year, and he moved on. Because I was the head of the Department of Orthopedics, that meant I was involved with the, that structure within Cobb Hospital. Then over time, you spend your time and you sort of move up a bit, and someone said, \"Will you be vice chair?\" I said, \"Okay.\" Then all of a sudden, you evolved into being chief of staff at Cobb Hospital. I was the first Jew to ever do that. There wasn't a Jew as a department head anywhere in the county.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/173004/file/311970#t=2424.0,2496.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/173004/file/311970/transcript/94482/annotation/65","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eEVANS:\u003c/strong\u003e It's interesting with the last name like Cohen, too.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/173004/file/311970#t=2496.0,2500.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/173004/file/311970/transcript/94482/annotation/66","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eCOHEN:\u003c/strong\u003e But Cohen in the south, Cohen in the north is much more of a moniker.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/173004/file/311970#t=2500.0,2506.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/173004/file/311970/transcript/94482/annotation/67","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eEVANS:\u003c/strong\u003e That's interesting.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/173004/file/311970#t=2506.0,2507.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/173004/file/311970/transcript/94482/annotation/68","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eCOHEN:\u003c/strong\u003e In the South even today, it's not as defining. But in the South back then, people didn't look at the names in the same way. They really didn't. I didn't wear my Jewishness on my lapel, but I didn't hide it in any way either. There were a couple people who thought I was a little too brash, and that's probably because I was Jewish. I'm a pragmatic guy, I am a fairly black and white guy, which came from the education at W\u0026L, this idea of being truthful and honest and straightforward, and I never was manipulative. If I saw something, I'd call it out, which occasionally didn't win me friends but overall stood me well. During that same time, I also started moving my practice because I wanted to do more advanced work within total joint care. That really needed to go up to Kennestone. About 15 years into practice, I moved my practice to Kennestone. That allowed me to do certain things in terms of improving the quality of the care we gave. When I got to Kennestone, there was another person in the other practice up there. He and I hit it off well. He did total joints, I did total joints, and both of us had specialized to the fact that our practice, other than night call, was only doing new hips and new knees. We developed a program of protocols. We got everybody in the community who did total joints doing the same protocols, which meant we improved the care of our patients. Ended up being the first program in the state, including Piedmont [Hospital] and Emory and what have you, that became an advanced certified total joint program through the Joint Commission.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/173004/file/311970#t=2507.0,2658.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/173004/file/311970/transcript/94482/annotation/69","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eEVANS:\u003c/strong\u003e In the rest of the state, you were concentrated in Cobb County, but then you went on and became more of a Georgia boy?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/173004/file/311970#t=2658.0,2665.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/173004/file/311970/transcript/94482/annotation/70","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eCOHEN:\u003c/strong\u003e Once you were chief of staff, then the County Medical Society says, why don't you get involved with us? I got involved with the County Medical Society and did my thing there and was involved and then that rose up there. That put me involved with the State Medical Society. I became a representative from Cobb County in the State Medical Society. I ended up becoming president of the County Medical Society and then rose up to become vice president of State Medical Society. Then the Olympics came along and coincidentally I couldn't do both. I couldn't rise to be president of the state and at the same time be involved with the Olympics and I very much wanted to do that. I became head of the of drug testing for the Olympics during the 1996 Olympics. But the important sense was, John Lewis and I. We're taking a slight turn. As my practice matured, I had more time and more confidence. Very honestly, there's an interesting study that recently came out within the last couple months that changes aging. In other words, forever we saw the brain and the brain changes as you get older and older and you go to different phases. We always used to say that you had a brain and then at age six you no longer were an infant, and then, at 12 you became adolescent, at 18 you left your adolescence and moved to 18 -21 into adulthood. Your brain doesn't work that way. What's been found out is that 0 to 9, you're an infant and your brain is growing in an infant manner. You're an adolescent, hold on, from 9 to 32.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/173004/file/311970#t=2665.0,2809.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/173004/file/311970/transcript/94482/annotation/71","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eEVANS:\u003c/strong\u003e I don't believe that.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/173004/file/311970#t=2809.0,2810.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/173004/file/311970/transcript/94482/annotation/72","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eCOHEN:\u003c/strong\u003e You think about raising children, I thought about myself. Yes, I had three kids and I was married, and I was taking care of a family, but I was, in terms of mental maturity, I was an adolescent. It wasn't until I got into my mid-30’s that I really started to open up and be part of a society and not just be in education. I was just being educated, educated, working, working, but I wasn't living in society. Once I got into practice, then I became part of a society. It was really into my mid-30’s until I could say I got out of my adolescence, looking today, I can say I really got out of adolescence. It really wasn't until probably I was 40, until I really started to be comfortable expressing myself and I got involved with the medical society and I felt that I had to do something Jewish. Therefore, I said, I'm not a real good, I don't do shabbat, I do not go to synagogue on a regular basis. That's not my place and then I said, what can you do? I said, there's ADL [Anti-Defamation League], that's good. There's the other, the legal one at the time. Can't remember at the moment, but then there was AJC [American Jewish Committee]. AJC was in communal, was really about a communal piece. It was about being part of a community but really being the part of the bigger community of becoming intergroup related, where Jews got involved with Catholics and got involved in the Christian community. Got involved with the Indian community got involved with the Italian community and started to build bridges and that was interesting to me. Atlanta, one of the most interesting things to me coming out of Philadelphia about Atlanta was its blackness. Atlanta is a black community. It is a black center in the United States. It's the Civil Rights Movement. It's a leadership. I moved into town when we had the last Jewish and white, particularly white mayor. My entire time here, since 1973 or four, whenever Maynard [Jackson] came in, has been under the political system of the black community. Then we have the Atlanta University, which is the largest black education system. It's a different black community, and I had gotten involved with that. John Lewis and I became head of the Black-Jewish Coalition. I was used to being in the black community. I liked being in, liked in the sense I liked to be involved. I liked the idea of being able to bring something into the community and offer something of myself in terms of time and commitment. I became involved with AJC, became president of the local AJC here in Atlanta. My wife and I, Dianne and I, and three other people became the kitchen cabinet for John Lewis when he went to Congress and ran for Congress against Julian Bond. I was John's treasurer. Totally unprepared for that. Nonetheless, and raised almost all the money outside of the city on John's name as a civil rights leader. And that's how we raised the money, and Julian Bond, fortunately, was able to kick himself in the foot and stumble a fair amount, and John ended up winning. Then John went off to Congress, and Dianne and I went off to do other things.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/173004/file/311970#t=2810.0,3076.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/173004/file/311970/transcript/94482/annotation/73","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eEVANS:\u003c/strong\u003e I want to back up a little because you mentioned Dianne and the rest and 1981 was a seminal year in your life. You moved ahead to the 1990’s, but let’s go back.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/173004/file/311970#t=3076.0,3089.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/173004/file/311970/transcript/94482/annotation/74","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eCOHEN:\u003c/strong\u003e 1980.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/173004/file/311970#t=3089.0,3090.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/173004/file/311970/transcript/94482/annotation/75","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eEVANS:\u003c/strong\u003e 1980, okay.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/173004/file/311970#t=3090.0,3093.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/173004/file/311970/transcript/94482/annotation/76","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eCOHEN:\u003c/strong\u003e 1980 was in reality a seminal year, and part of it, it was interesting. Part of it was I had been doing this stuff in medicine, and I had started to do this stuff in the Jewish community, and several of our friends said, \"You really ought to apply to Leadership Atlanta.\" I looked up and I figured out, and I said, \"Okay, what is all this?\" Elaine Alexander and Judy Taylor and you said, \"You ought to do this” I said okay. Sounded like a good idea. Sounded like it would introduce me to more people. Because again, I was living in the medical community and just starting to get out into the broader community. I said, \"Okay, I'll apply.\" I did, and of course, Elaine Alexander and Judy were heavily involved in Leadership Atlanta and found my way in. The truth be had, I was in a poor marriage, I had been there for quite a while, and my wife Lois and I had already started talking about breaking up, and we had already started to separate, and I decided going to Leadership Atlanta I might meet a nice woman, preferably Jewish. I, on my way, ended up going to the Leadership Atlanta class of 1981. Two things, one, it broadened my knowledge of the city dramatically. Because if you go to Leadership Atlanta, Leadership Atlanta is built on the concept of taking 60 to 70 people evenly balanced in sense of religion, occupation, color, political, economic, corporate leaders, leaders in the law community, leaders in the Jewish community, and there was just a sprinkling. You ended up meeting people that in no other way would I have ever met. I just wouldn't have had the exposure to bank executives and Georgia Power and Coca-Cola executives and black community leaders or the Hispanic community. It was just so broadening, and you learned about the justice system. You learned about race education, and you very honestly became embroiled, and I look at it just that way. The first thing you did was a weekend in race relations. That weekend taught me more about myself.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/173004/file/311970#t=3093.0,3290.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/173004/file/311970/transcript/94482/annotation/77","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eEVANS:\u003c/strong\u003e Was it still Charles King?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/173004/file/311970#t=3290.0,3292.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/173004/file/311970/transcript/94482/annotation/78","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eCOHEN:\u003c/strong\u003e It was Charles King. I think the two seminal things, if I look at . . . three, my parents, my father's a physician, Washington and Lee and the honor system, and race relations taught me more about how to be a person and how to be what I consider a successful individual. Those three things really are what made me who I am and what I've gone on to be.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/173004/file/311970#t=3292.0,3332.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/173004/file/311970/transcript/94482/annotation/79","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eEVANS:\u003c/strong\u003e It's interesting you settled here and your life was really facing towards Cobb County. Then it moves much more into the city of Atlanta. Then from the city of Atlanta for a long time, you move south to live at Serenbe [Georgia]. Compare the three worlds. They may be the same . . .","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/173004/file/311970#t=3332.0,3360.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/173004/file/311970/transcript/94482/annotation/80","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eCOHEN:\u003c/strong\u003e Let me back. Let me just back to say: what is Serenbe? Philadelphia was a standard old town, colonial, this is Ben Franklin. If you want to read the history of Philadelphia, read the history of Ben Franklin. If you want to read the history of Atlanta, you've got to read the history the South. You've got read the history of the blacks and segregation. If you want to read the history of Serenbe, it's idealism. Serenbe was developed with a concept of an ecologically idealized, environmentally perfect community. Serenbe is 40 minutes south of Atlanta in Chattahoochee Hills where all the property green space, only 30 percent can be built upon. There are trails and running water. Everybody who's there, it's back to . . . as I said earlier, I rode my bike all over the community when I was a kid. Serenbe is exactly that again. You ride your bike all over the community, and the kids are free to rumble and be free. Our grandchildren would come and visit, and you just say, \"Show back up at five o'clock for dinner.\" It was this kind of safe, idyllic thing. There were a group of us who were sort of called the founders, who very much were intrigued and interestingly now all the founders are gone. Some of them have died. Some of them have moved into assisted living. Some have moved to independent living. Some have moved to high-rise condominiums. The community is a different community today. It's, I don't even know, it's probably 700 people now in the community. Much younger community. Most of the people who move there today have children. We had grandchildren. For us, it was a weekend community. A lot of people who went there; two-thirds of the people who moved in there, moved in on a permanent, this is their home. We moved in as a weekend peace to get out of the city, particularly in the summer, when it was hot. Believe it or not, asphalt is a good five degrees hotter than is green space. The weather in Serenbe, is the weather that comes across the trees from Alabama and in western Georgia, and then it gets polluted in Atlanta, though Atlanta's pollution is pretty mild compared to a lot.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/173004/file/311970#t=3360.0,3573.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/173004/file/311970/transcript/94482/annotation/81","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eEVANS:\u003c/strong\u003e It's interesting in sitting and talking about this, I was thinking to myself, every place you ever went, you didn't just contribute your knowledge, you became part of the community and a leader. Whether it was in medicine or whether it was the Jewish community and the AJC, the same thing when you moved to Serenbe. Where do you think you learned that? Why is that? How is that a fundamental part of you? Even in your condo . . .","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/173004/file/311970#t=3573.0,3607.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/173004/file/311970/transcript/94482/annotation/82","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eCOHEN:\u003c/strong\u003e As I said earlier, I said it earlier, to me, it's always been a part of philanthropy. It goes back to my father giving into the clinics. My mother in sisterhood and Red Cross. To me it's how you define philanthropy. I've always been generous within a limited degree. Never had great wealth. I'm very comfortable financially, but I've never given large amounts of money. Money giving wasn't really what I felt. I've got five kids, six grandkids. My wife, Dianne, works. I used to work. I was a physician for 40 years practicing medicine in Cobb County and then as a step down went to work for The Joint Commission reviewing hospitals and orthopedic programs across the country for 13 years. For the last two years, I have given it up. I also very much out of the Washington and Lee piece and out of the Medical Society, got very much involved with ethics. I ran the ethics committees in Cobb County for thirty years, developed and got involved with end-of-life issues in the greater society and nationally, but all of it in my mind has been a responsibility to give back, and that's my definition of philanthropy.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/173004/file/311970#t=3607.0,3709.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/173004/file/311970/transcript/94482/annotation/83","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eEVANS:\u003c/strong\u003e You have five children and six grandchildren. Tell us a little bit about them.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/173004/file/311970#t=3709.0,3717.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/173004/file/311970/transcript/94482/annotation/84","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eCOHEN:\u003c/strong\u003e Do you want to know what chaos is?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/173004/file/311970#t=3717.0,3720.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/173004/file/311970/transcript/94482/annotation/85","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eEVANS:\u003c/strong\u003e Also, at some point give us their names, just because this is history, right?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/173004/file/311970#t=3720.0,3725.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/173004/file/311970/transcript/94482/annotation/86","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eCOHEN:\u003c/strong\u003e Coming out of Leadership Atlanta, I had set my eyes on Dianne, who was in Leadership Atlanta. I decided that this was going to be good. Very powerful woman, very driven woman, working full-time.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/173004/file/311970#t=3725.0,3745.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/173004/file/311970/transcript/94482/annotation/87","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eEVANS:\u003c/strong\u003e I'm going to stop you before you go into the kids because actually, my next question was going to be, you came from a world where women didn't work, women who were married to successful physicians, by and large, stayed home and took care of the kids. You married a very successful and driven businesswoman. I'm interested to know in this modern world with all the discussion. What are the advantages, disadvantages . . . ?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/173004/file/311970#t=3745.0,3779.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/173004/file/311970/transcript/94482/annotation/88","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eCOHEN:\u003c/strong\u003e Men have a problem.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/173004/file/311970#t=3779.0,3780.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/173004/file/311970/transcript/94482/annotation/89","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eEVANS:\u003c/strong\u003e . . . Of an equal marriage, at all levels.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/173004/file/311970#t=3780.0,3782.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/173004/file/311970/transcript/94482/annotation/90","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eCOHEN:\u003c/strong\u003e Men have a problem, and I mean this seriously, I'm not being facetious. Men have fundamental problem. They want to be in control. They have to be control. It starts young and they make some of the dumbest mistakes. I look at my male grandchildren; I look my male friends. I have two friends; there are three of us that have been together since we have . . . one of them moved across the street when we were seven years old. The other one lives in Connecticut and he and I and the other met when we're in junior high school, seventh grade. To this day, every other week, the three of us end up on a phone Zoom. One lives in San Francisco [California], one in Connecticut and myself. This relationship has gone on as best friends. Two of us made the same dumb mistake. Married early to women who were of very different value systems. Let's put it that way. It's the easiest way for me to say it. Lois and I were never compatible, and I was too dumb, insecure, and immature to have handled a woman of strength. However, if you look and think about the marriages that have been successful, most of them are marriages that really have a lot of equality. You and I know of one individual in particular in our community who never could marry a woman of equal strength. I found it very attractive. I found to marry somebody who every day would challenge me, every day. My relationship with Dianne is not on an equal level but is on a level where I think she's better than me. When we got married, Dianne came with two teenage girls. My wife, I don't want to sound like it's self-serving, but basically, I raised the three girls. When I got divorced, the three girls came with me. There was a lot of tumult, but we brought these five kids together. Dianne has two. Allie, who's very successful, lives in Nashville [Tennessee]. Missi, who lives here, has been married a couple times, lives here, currently single, in Atlanta. I have a daughter in New York. I have a daughter who's a special ed teacher in Annapolis, Maryland, divorced . . .","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/173004/file/311970#t=3782.0,4001.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/173004/file/311970/transcript/94482/annotation/91","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eEVANS:\u003c/strong\u003e Laura.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/173004/file/311970#t=4001.0,4002.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/173004/file/311970/transcript/94482/annotation/92","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eCOHEN:\u003c/strong\u003e I was going to say, I'm trying . . . no, I know the name, how to define what she does. Laura works for Georgia Power, started In the accounting department, and now is in the IT department. I'm not sure how you move from one to the other, but she did, she's still in the Accounting Department, but is head of, one of the leaders in IT. Laura is in the middle of my three, but when we got married, they were all teenagers and it was a disaster. It just was. We somehow got through it. The real way we got through is Dianne was working, I was working. The kids were a tumult. When we could get a vacation; Dianne and I have built a marriage on travel. We love to travel. We have traveled literally the world. If you name it, we've been there. Again, it's a mutual love of ours. We really love it. When we got married one of the things we said is if we're going to build this relationship with the kids, we've got to have time with the kids. With her working, me working, the kids in high school, there's no time. We traveled with them. We took the kids and we took kids initially in the country, then later on, we took the kids out of the country. We took the kids with your kids. We went with Bob and you, and your three, and our five, and Dianne and I, and went to Africa. That was a fabulous experience. We took the kids to Israel, and we took the kids to Italy. That gave us time away and gave us the ability to really harmonize the five girls. They really are good. Four of the five are really, really tight. One's more estranged and out on the periphery. The four nuclear, they are their own best friends. They were all in for the holidays. We high command two holidays a year, because once they start getting married and da-da-da in schools and colleges and all that. We request that they spend Hanukkah with us and Passover with us. We just did Hanukkah. It was a delight. Everybody was happy and everybody got along. I don't remember a fight in the entire weekend, which was very nice. But that goes back to travel and bringing; and we brought that to the grandkids. Because the kids have all been married, and then they've all been divorced, and now they're all single. Hallie has a significant other now for over 10 years. They've got the reasons for not being married, but they live together, they do everything together, they're married. They start popping out kids. Dianne decides, all right, this is how we're going to raise grandchildren. I said, “Yes, you're right, I'll follow along.” She's the Pied Piper, and I support everything that we do. When the kids got to be three and a half to four, they started joining the cousins club and that meant that they came with Grandma and Grandpa, they didn't come with their parents. No parents allowed. The common enemy is who? It's the parents. We would take . . . the issue was how do we bring them together? Number one as a family of grandkids, they live in different cities, so they're spread all over the place. How do we build a relationship between us and them, but how do we also expose them to the world? Again, parents don't have really the same opportunity because they're working, they're busy, they are raising, their money is tight, and they can't afford some of this stuff. Our job was to start to really . . . and we'd take them to the beach, and then we'd take them the Disneyland. Then we'd take them on a Disney cruise. Then, we said, \"We're going to take them Alaska.\" Two of the families said, \"No, no. It's too far. What if something goes wrong?\" We said, \"Fine. We'll take them a dude ranch in Wyoming.\" When we got to the dude ranch, we told the people there, if the kids call, we are out riding. We're not available. At one point, we started doing RVing with the grandkids. We'd pull them all and put all six of them into an RV and we put them across Colorado and to New Mexico and the four corners and we'd put them in an RV up in Alaska. Then we started taking them internationally and took them to Israel and took them to New Zealand and took them to Africa. To us, travel has been an exposure that we feel is really pretty critical, and I would suggest right now, in our current state, that children who have a broader understanding of the world are in a much better place. Our grandchildren are now in their late 20’s. Our children are now in their late 50's and early 60's. One of whom announced a year ago that she was moving to a 55 plus community that was a bit of a shock. All of our grandkids are now through college and are doing pretty well, they're doing pretty well.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/173004/file/311970#t=4002.0,4396.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/173004/file/311970/transcript/94482/annotation/93","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eEVANS:\u003c/strong\u003e Travel's been a huge fundamental in yours and Dianne's life. Everybody talks about that Dianne and Richard are always traveling to some place different in the world. I'm curious, if you lived someplace other than the United States, where would it be?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/173004/file/311970#t=4396.0,4415.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/173004/file/311970/transcript/94482/annotation/94","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eCOHEN:\u003c/strong\u003e New Zealand. New Zealand or Portugal, and maybe northern Spain. One of my top five cities in the world is San Sebastian in Spain. We, two years ago, rented a home in Queenstown, New Zealand, spent a month up in the hill, became friendly with neighbors, and actually we leave at the end of January for an extended ten-week trip, and we go into the North Island for a week to a little island off of Auckland called Waiheke, and then we're back into Queenstown in the same house for another month. Then we're meeting you. You're coming and joining us. You're joining us and then we're going on a cruise from Perth up to Hong Kong. We do more cruising now as it's easier. Lugging luggage at this age is a little harder. I've put a limit on the amount of weight in any given bag, so Dianne has instead increased the number of bags.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/173004/file/311970#t=4415.0,4502.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/173004/file/311970/transcript/94482/annotation/95","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eEVANS:\u003c/strong\u003e Nobody travels with as much luggage as Dianne and Richard.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/173004/file/311970#t=4502.0,4504.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/173004/file/311970/transcript/94482/annotation/96","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eCOHEN:\u003c/strong\u003e That in truthfulness is Dianne's and I; the only bone of contention in 42 years has been the amount of luggage that we travel with. And that is a bone of contention. But Dianne loves to travel and she loves to enjoy dress. She likes to dress for the occasion. So, I do the best I can. To do that.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/173004/file/311970#t=4504.0,4536.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/173004/file/311970/transcript/94482/annotation/97","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eEVANS:\u003c/strong\u003e There are a few things before we end that I'm just curious for you. Do you have a personal and professional, whether they're the same or different, sort of mantra when things get really tough? Is there something you say to yourself that . . . ?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/173004/file/311970#t=4536.0,4554.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/173004/file/311970/transcript/94482/annotation/98","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eCOHEN:\u003c/strong\u003e Be patient and don't be an ass.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/173004/file/311970#t=4554.0,4559.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/173004/file/311970/transcript/94482/annotation/99","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eEVANS:\u003c/strong\u003e I like that.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/173004/file/311970#t=4559.0,4561.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/173004/file/311970/transcript/94482/annotation/100","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eCOHEN:\u003c/strong\u003e Be patient and don't be an ass. One day, I won't use the name, but I was president of AJC. I don't know, something happened in a meeting that I was chairing, and I don't even remember, nor did I at the time know, but one of the senior members of the community came up to me a week or two later and just reamed me a bit and told me that I was just acting inappropriate. Now I thought back on it and I actually test-run it on a couple people and a couple people said, \"Yes, you were a little heavy-handed,\" but not quite to the extreme that it touched him. But it touched him and I remembered that. I really, I took it to heart. That's again part of it. I feel that all physicians are delayed maturity because becoming a physician is ten; for me, it was a decade. For every physician, it's a decade. You don't grow. You grow within medicine, but you don't as a person. It's just that way. That's part of the . . . we come out and we've got to grow up, and we got to up and take care of patients. All of that at the same time. I guess, so I've learned to be patient. As Dianne will tell you, when Richard's really unhappy and really angry at one of the kids or somebody or something that's happening, I become silent. I become very silent. I just sit back and, “Mm, hmm.”","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/173004/file/311970#t=4561.0,4678.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/173004/file/311970/transcript/94482/annotation/101","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eEVANS:\u003c/strong\u003e My final question is, how do you want to be remembered?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/173004/file/311970#t=4678.0,4689.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/173004/file/311970/transcript/94482/annotation/102","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eCOHEN:\u003c/strong\u003e As being compassionate. Being truthful, honest, having a high moral value, and being compassionate.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/173004/file/311970#t=4689.0,4702.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/173004/file/311970/transcript/94482/annotation/103","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eEVANS:\u003c/strong\u003e Thank you.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/173004/file/311970#t=4702.0,4703.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/173004/file/311970/transcript/94482/annotation/104","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eCOHEN:\u003c/strong\u003e Thank you for inviting me. You’re welcome. You’re welcome.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/173004/file/311970#t=4703.0,4704.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/173004/file/311970/transcript/94482/annotation/105","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eEVANS:\u003c/strong\u003e You’re welcome.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/173004/file/311970#t=4704.0,4704.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/173004/file/311970/transcript/94482/annotation/106","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eCOHEN:\u003c/strong\u003e You’re welcome. You’re welcome. I mean that, I feel this is a privilege","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/173004/file/311970#t=4704.0,4710.5"}]},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/173004/file/311970/annotation_set/2655","type":"AnnotationPage","label":{"en":["Annotations [Transcript]"]},"items":[{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/173004/file/311970/annotation_set/2655/annotation/107","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003ePhiladelphia is Pennsylvania's largest city. It has a deep connection to the founding of the United States because it is home to Independence Hall, where the Declaration of Independence and the Constitution were signed. It is also home to the Liberty Bell and other American Revolutionary sites. The city was founded in 1682 by William Penn. \u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/173004/file/311970#t=40.0,46.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/173004/file/311970/annotation_set/2655/annotation/108","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eA severe worldwide economic downturn known as the Great Depression began in the United States in 1929. It was the longest, most widespread, and deepest depression of the 20th century with far-reaching effects around the globe, especially in Europe. In Europe, World War I had a long-term impact on the economy and financial stability. Postwar inflation spiraled into hyperinflation by the 1920’s and European banks struggled to stay open. Exasperating the situation were skyrocketing unemployment rates. The Great Depression had immediately visible political and social ramifications in Europe, including increased antisemitism and nationalism.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/173004/file/311970#t=49.0,86.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/173004/file/311970/annotation_set/2655/annotation/109","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eHarrisburg is the state capital of Pennsylvania and sits on the Susquehanna River. The city was chartered in March 1860. During the 19th century, the building of the Pennsylvania Canal and Pennsylvania Railroad allowed the city to develop into one of the most industrialized cities in the Northeast.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/173004/file/311970#t=91.0,185.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/173004/file/311970/annotation_set/2655/annotation/110","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eScranton is a city and county seat of Lackawanna County, Pennsylvania. It is the most populous city in northeastern Pennsylvania and the Wyoming Valley. The city’s nickname is the “Electric City” which it earned when electric lights were introduced in 1880 by the Dickson Manufacturing Company. Six years later, the U.S.’s first electric street cars began operating the city. Baptist minister, Rev. David Spencer, declared the city the “Electric City”. The city was incorporated in 1856 and is named for George W. Scranton.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/173004/file/311970#t=91.0,185.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/173004/file/311970/annotation_set/2655/annotation/111","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eEllis Island is an island located in New York Harbor, that is situated between New York and New Jersey. It is owned by the United States government and was the busiest immigrant inspection and processing station in the United States from 1892-1954. Today it is part of the Statue of Liberty National Monument and is now a national museum on immigration.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/173004/file/311970#t=91.0,185.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/173004/file/311970/annotation_set/2655/annotation/112","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe American Jewish Joint Distribution Committee (commonly called “the Joint”) is a worldwide Jewish relief organization headquartered in New York. It was established in 1914. After World War II, the Joint provided desperately needed supplies and necessities to survivors inside and outside of DP camps in Eastern Europe, Hungary, Poland and Romania. Long: A worldwide Jewish relief organization headquartered in New York. It was established in 1914. Before World War II, it sent funds to subsidize medical care, schools, vocational training, welfare programs and emigration efforts to beleaguered Jews in Europe. During the Nazi era they tried to get Jewish refugees out to anywhere that would have them including the United States, Palestine, and Latin America. When war broke out they helped thousands of Jews in Poland with shelters and soup kitchens, hospitals, and educational and cultural programs. When the United States entered the war in 1941, the Joint shifted gears since it was not allowed to operate legally in enemy countries. They used international connections to channel aid to Jews in conquered Europe. Wartime headquarters were set up in Lisbon, Portugal from which the Joint mounted rescue operations for desperate refugees including sponsoring a program to get 15,000 Jews from Europe to Shanghai, China. After the war, the Joint provided desperately needed supplies and necessities to survivors. More than 227 million pounds of food, medicine, clothing and other supplies were shipped to Europe to survivors inside and outside of DP camps in Eastern Europe, Hungary, Poland and Romania. Today the organization continues to help Jews in various places around the world including the former Soviet Union, Ukraine and at risk locations in Israel.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/173004/file/311970#t=91.0,185.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/173004/file/311970/annotation_set/2655/annotation/113","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eLouisville is the largest city in the state of Kentucky. It sits on the Ohio River along the Kentucky and Indiana border. The city is home to horserace course, Churchill Downs, where the Kentucky Derby is held each May. It is also home to Louisville Slugger factory and museum, where Major League baseball bats are manufactured.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/173004/file/311970#t=91.0,185.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/173004/file/311970/annotation_set/2655/annotation/114","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eRobert “Bob” Evans (1930-2017) was born in Durham, North Carolina. He was a CBS News correspondent and later a professional speaker. He was married to Gail Evans, a CNN executive and author from 1966-2000. They had three children, Jason, Jeffrey, and Julie.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/173004/file/311970#t=185.0,191.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/173004/file/311970/annotation_set/2655/annotation/115","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eKinston is a city in Lenoir County, North Carolina. It has been the county seat of Lenoir County since its formation in 1791. Kinston is located in the coastal plains region of eastern North Carolina.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/173004/file/311970#t=185.0,191.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/173004/file/311970/annotation_set/2655/annotation/116","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eLillian Davidow Cohen (1915-1962) was born in Wilkes-Barre, Pennsylvania. She graduated from Wilkes-Barre Institute. She attended Goucher College and Traphagen School for Design in New York City. She was a member of Congregation.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/173004/file/311970#t=197.0,367.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/173004/file/311970/annotation_set/2655/annotation/117","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eDr. Abraham Cohen was the son of William and Mary Cohen. He graduated from the University of Maine and Jefferson Medical College. He was chief of the arthritis clinic at Jefferson and Philadelphia Medical College. He married Lillian Davidow in 1936 and had a son, Richard. After Lillian passed away, he married Ruth Hoffman. \u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/173004/file/311970#t=197.0,367.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/173004/file/311970/annotation_set/2655/annotation/118","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eNaomi Cohen Berman (1918-1999) was the daughter of William and Mary Cohen. She was a member of Congregation Mercy and Truth Synagogue in Pottstown, Pennsylvania. She married Sol Berman in 1941, and they had two children. \u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/173004/file/311970#t=197.0,367.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/173004/file/311970/annotation_set/2655/annotation/119","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eDianne Harnell Cohen (b. 1943) is an Atlanta real estate agent. She works with her daughter, Missi, at Atlanta Fine Homes Sotheby’s International Realty. She served as co-chair of the Atlanta Black-Jewish Coalition and has received the Georgia Association of Realtors’ Phoenix Award. She is married to Dr. Richard Cohen.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/173004/file/311970#t=197.0,367.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/173004/file/311970/annotation_set/2655/annotation/120","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe Blockley Almshouse, later known as Philadelphia General Hospital, was a charity hospital and poorhouse located in West Philadelphia. It originally opened in 1732 in a different part of the city as the Philadelphia Almshouse. Philadelphia General Hospital closed in 1977.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/173004/file/311970#t=197.0,367.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/173004/file/311970/annotation_set/2655/annotation/121","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eJefferson Health is a multi-state nonprofit regional health system based in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. The health system operates over 30 hospitals and more than 700 care sites, which include outpatient centers, physician practices, and specialty institutes across eastern Pennsylvania and southern New Jersey. \u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/173004/file/311970#t=197.0,367.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/173004/file/311970/annotation_set/2655/annotation/122","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eClassical Reform Judaism was the type of Judaism that developed in the late 19th century United States. American Jews, most of whom were of central European background, saw the tremendous influence that liberal religion had on their Protestant neighbors and wanted to develop a form of Judaism equivalent to Episcopalianism, Presbyterianism, and especially Unitarianism. As presented in the 1885 Declaration of Principles, known as the \"Pittsburgh Platform,\" Classical Reform Judaism minimized Judaic ritual and emphasized ethics in a universalist context, stressing universalism while reaffirming the Reform movement's commitment to Jewish particularism through the expression of the religious idea of the mission of Israel. The document defined Reform Judaism as a rational and modern form of religion in contrast with traditional Judaism on one hand and universalist ethics on the other. Much of Reform Judaism has moved away from Classical Reform and toward a more traditional style of worship since World War II and the Holocaust, and only a handful of congregations follow the Classical Reform any longer. The most vocal advocates of the return to Classical Reform Judaism are members of the group known as \"Roots of Reform Judaism,\" (formerly the Society for Classical Reform Judaism), founded in 2008.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/173004/file/311970#t=372.0,474.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/173004/file/311970/annotation_set/2655/annotation/123","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe High Holy Days are the two holiest times of the Jewish calendar: Rosh HaShanah (Jewish New Year) and Yom Kippur (Day of Atonement).\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/173004/file/311970#t=372.0,474.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/173004/file/311970/annotation_set/2655/annotation/124","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eA Sisterhood is a group of women in a synagogue congregation who join together to offer social, cultural, educational, and volunteer service opportunities. Its male counterpart is called either a \"Brotherhood\" or a \"Men's Club.\"\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/173004/file/311970#t=372.0,474.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/173004/file/311970/annotation_set/2655/annotation/125","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eDr. Stanley Perry Brickman (b. 1931), a native of Chattanooga, Tennessee, was kicked out of Emory University’s School of Dentistry in 1951 because he was Jewish. Brickman spent the next few years interviewing dozens of Jewish students who attended the school in the 1950s and 1960s, compiling a video that revealed a pattern of antisemitism by the school’s dean. In 2012, Emory University administrators issued a public apology. Dr. Brickman is a noted oral surgeon practicing in Atlanta, and released a book, Extracted: Unmasking Rampant Antisemitism in America’s Higher Education, in 2019.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/173004/file/311970#t=474.0,480.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/173004/file/311970/annotation_set/2655/annotation/126","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eEmory University Hospital was opened in 1904 and was originally housed in a downtown Atlanta mansion that had be spared by General Sherman during the Civil War. In November 1922, it was moved to its current location in DeKalb County near the Emory University campus. The hospital has grown to a 733-bed facility that is staffed by the Emory University School of Medicine faculty.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/173004/file/311970#t=474.0,480.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/173004/file/311970/annotation_set/2655/annotation/127","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eGoucher College is a private liberal arts college in Towson, Maryland. It was founded in 1885 as a non-denominational women's college in Baltimore's central district. The college is named for pastor and missionary John F. Goucher, who enlisted local leaders of the Methodist Episcopal Church to establish the school's charter. Goucher relocated to its present Towson campus in 1953 and became coeducational in 1986.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/173004/file/311970#t=581.0,602.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/173004/file/311970/annotation_set/2655/annotation/128","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe American Red Cross (ARC) is a humanitarian organization that provides emergency assistance, disaster relief and education in the United States. It is the designated United States affiliate of the International Federation of Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies. The ARC was founded in 1881 by Clara Barton.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/173004/file/311970#t=581.0,602.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/173004/file/311970/annotation_set/2655/annotation/129","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eRona Bronfman Brunswick (1912-1993) was born in Ontario, Canada to Abe and Sophie Rasminsky Bronfman. She married Alfred Brunswick in 1933, and they had two children. Their family lived in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/173004/file/311970#t=611.0,633.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/173004/file/311970/annotation_set/2655/annotation/130","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eReading is a city in Berks County, Pennsylvania. The city was founded in 1748 and incorporated in 1847. The area was originally settled by the Lenape people, who inhabited the area prior to European settlement in the 17th century. The city gave its name to the now-defunct Reading Company or Reading Railroad. In recent years, the Reading area has become a destination for cyclists with more than 125 miles of trails in five major preserves.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/173004/file/311970#t=834.0,897.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/173004/file/311970/annotation_set/2655/annotation/131","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eWilkes-Barre is a city in Pennsylvania. It is located in the Wyoming Valley in the northeastern part of the state. The city sits on the Susquehanna River and it was founded in 1769. The area was originally inhabited by the Shawnee and Lenape Native American tribes. The city’s growth in the 19th century was due in part to the mining of anthracite coal, but the coal industry collapsed after World War II.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/173004/file/311970#t=834.0,897.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/173004/file/311970/annotation_set/2655/annotation/132","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eSterling is a second-class township in Wayne County, Pennsylvania. The township's population was 1,450 at the time of the 2010 United States Census.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/173004/file/311970#t=834.0,897.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/173004/file/311970/annotation_set/2655/annotation/133","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003ePennsburg is a borough in Montgomery County, Pennsylvania. Its population was 3,889 at the 2020 census. It is part of the strip of small towns that run together along Route 29: Red Hill, Pennsburg, and East Greenville. The towns are collectively referred to as Upper Perk.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/173004/file/311970#t=988.0,1109.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/173004/file/311970/annotation_set/2655/annotation/134","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eAllentown is a city in eastern Pennsylvania. The county seat of Lehigh County, it is the third-most populous city in Pennsylvania, with a population of 125,845 as of the 2020 census. Founded in 1762, Allentown is located on the Lehigh River, a 109-mile-long tributary of the Delaware River.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/173004/file/311970#t=988.0,1109.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/173004/file/311970/annotation_set/2655/annotation/135","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003ePottstown is a borough in Montgomery County, Pennsylvania. Pottstown was laid out in 1752–53 and named Pottsgrove in honor of its founder, John Potts. The old name was abandoned at the time of the incorporation as a borough in 1815. In 1888, the limits of the borough were considerably extended. Pottstown is the center of a productive farming and dairying region. \u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/173004/file/311970#t=988.0,1109.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/173004/file/311970/annotation_set/2655/annotation/136","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003ePenske Truck Leasing Co., L.P. is a joint venture of Penske Corporation, Penske Automotive Group, and Mitsui \u0026amp; Co. Headquartered in Reading, Pennsylvania, the company was founded by Team Penske owner Roger Penske in 1969. It is Penske’s flagship and best known division. The firm serves customers in North America, South America, Europe, Asia, and Australia; among its services are full-service commercial truck leasing, truck fleet maintenance, truck rentals, and used truck sales. \u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/173004/file/311970#t=988.0,1109.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/173004/file/311970/annotation_set/2655/annotation/137","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eCheltenham Township is a home rule township in Montgomery County, Pennsylvania. It is home to the historic neighborhoods in Wyncote and Elkins Park. The city was established in 1862 by 15 Quakers from Cheltenham, England.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/173004/file/311970#t=1405.0,1790.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/173004/file/311970/annotation_set/2655/annotation/138","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eWashington and Lee University (Washington and Lee or W\u0026amp;L) is a private liberal arts college in Lexington, Virginia. Established in 1749 as Augusta Academy, it is among the oldest institutions of higher learning in the US. Washington and Lee's 325-acre campus sits at the edge of Lexington and abuts the campus of the Virginia Military Institute in the Shenandoah Valley region between the Blue Ridge Mountains and the Allegheny Mountains. \u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/173004/file/311970#t=1405.0,1790.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/173004/file/311970/annotation_set/2655/annotation/139","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eYale University is an Ivy League private university located in New Haven, Connecticut. It was established in 1701 as the Collegiate School and became known as Yale in 1718. It is the third-oldest university in the United States and considered one the most prestigious in the world. The Yale Divinity School was established in 1822.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/173004/file/311970#t=1405.0,1790.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/173004/file/311970/annotation_set/2655/annotation/140","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eSAT is a standardized test that has been widely used for college admission in the United States. It originally debuted in 1926 and has changed over time. In recent years, more colleges are made SAT scores an optional requirement with college applications.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/173004/file/311970#t=1405.0,1790.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/173004/file/311970/annotation_set/2655/annotation/141","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe American Civil Rights Movement encompasses social movements in the United States whose goal was to end racial segregation and discrimination against Black Americans and enforce constitutional voting rights to them. The movement was characterized by major campaigns of civil resistance. Between 1955 and 1968, acts of nonviolent protest and civil disobedience produced crisis situations between activists and government authorities. Noted legislative achievements during this phase of the Civil Rights Movement were passage of the Civil Rights Act of 1964, the Voting Rights Act of 1965, the Immigration and Nationality Services Act of 1965, and the Fair Housing Act of 1968.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/173004/file/311970#t=1405.0,1790.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/173004/file/311970/annotation_set/2655/annotation/142","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eLionel Leo Hampton (1908-2002) was an American jazz vibraphonist, percussionist, and bandleader. In 1992, he was inducted into the Alabama Jazz Hall of Fame, and he was awarded the National Medal of Arts in 1996. Hampton was a member of the executive committee of the Writers and Artists for Peace in the Middle East, a pro-Israel group. \u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/173004/file/311970#t=1405.0,1790.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/173004/file/311970/annotation_set/2655/annotation/143","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eLyndon Baines Johnson (1908-1973), often called ‘LBJ,’ was the 36th President of the United States from 1963 to 1968. He came into the office with the assassination of John F. Kennedy in Dallas, Texas on November 22, 1963. He was a Democrat from Texas and served as a U.S. representative and U.S. senator. Johnson instituted a set of domestic programs called Great Society, aimed at expanding civil rights, public broadcasting, access to health care, aid to education and the arts, urban and rural development, and public services. As part of these efforts, Johnson signed the Social Security Amendments of 1965, which resulted in the creation of Medicare and Medicaid. Johnson also enacted the Higher Education Act of 1965, which established federally insured student loans; and signed the Immigration and Nationality Act of 1965, which laid the groundwork for U.S. immigration policy today. Johnson's civil rights legacy was shaped by signing the Civil Rights Act of 1964, the Voting Rights Act of 1965, and the Civil Rights Act of 1968. His foreign policy prioritized the containment of communism, including in the ongoing Vietnam War. He launched a full-scale military intervention in Southeast Asia, dramatically increasing the number of American military personnel deployed. Casualties soared among U.S. soldiers and Vietnam civilians, prompting the anti-war movement and public opinion turned against America's involvement in the war. \u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/173004/file/311970#t=1794.0,1942.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/173004/file/311970/annotation_set/2655/annotation/144","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eJohn Fitzgerald Kennedy (1917-1963), often referred to by his initials \"JFK,\" was an American politician who served as the 35th president of the United States from 1961 until his assassination in 1963. Kennedy served at the height of the Cold War, and the majority of his work as president concerned relations with the Soviet Union and Cuba. A Democrat, Kennedy represented Massachusetts in both houses of the U.S. Congress prior to becoming president.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/173004/file/311970#t=1794.0,1942.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/173004/file/311970/annotation_set/2655/annotation/145","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eRobert Francis “Bobby” Kennedy (1925-1968), commonly known by his initials “RFK,” was the brother of John F. Kennedy the 35th President of the United States. During his brother’s tenure as President he served as the United States Attorney General from 1961-1964 and then as a Senator from New York from 1965 until his assassination in 1968. Kennedy ran for the Democratic presidential nomination in the 1968 election, during which he was assassinated in Los Angeles, California at the Ambassador Hotel on June 5, 1968.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/173004/file/311970#t=1794.0,1942.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/173004/file/311970/annotation_set/2655/annotation/146","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eBoston, Massachusetts is the capital and largest city in the Commonwealth of Massachusetts. The city was founded in 1630 by Puritan settlers. During the American Revolution, the city was the location of various key events including the Boston Tea Party, the Boston Massacre, and the siege of Boston.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/173004/file/311970#t=1957.0,2188.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/173004/file/311970/annotation_set/2655/annotation/147","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eHouston is the most populous city in Texas and the fourth-most populous city in the United States. The city was founded by land investors in 1836 and incorporated as a city in 1837. It is named after former General Sam Houston, who had won the Battle of San Jacinto winning Texas’s independence from Mexico.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/173004/file/311970#t=1957.0,2188.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/173004/file/311970/annotation_set/2655/annotation/148","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eDallas is the third-largest city in Texas and the fourth-largest metropolitan area of the United States. It is located in north Texas and is near Fort Worth, Texas. The city initially developed due to the railroad lines that allowed access to cotton, cattle, and oil in north and east Texas. Dallas was settled in 1841 and incorporated in 1856.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/173004/file/311970#t=1957.0,2188.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/173004/file/311970/annotation_set/2655/annotation/149","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eDr. Richard Klaus (1938-2012) was born in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania to Dr. Irving and Ruth Klaus. He graduated from Central High School in Philadelphia, Muhlenberg College, and the University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine. He moved to Atlanta in 1971, where he established a medical practice with Dr. Richard Cohen. He served in the Vietnam War as a military Captain in the Army Medical Corps. He was married to Barbara Klaus, and they had two children. \u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/173004/file/311970#t=1957.0,2188.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/173004/file/311970/annotation_set/2655/annotation/150","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe Vietnam War occurred in Vietnam, Laos, and Cambodia from November 1, 1955 to the fall of Saigon on April 30, 1975. This war fought between North Vietnam—supported by the Soviet Union, China and other communist allies—and the government of South Vietnam—supported by the United States and other anti-communist allies.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/173004/file/311970#t=1957.0,2188.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/173004/file/311970/annotation_set/2655/annotation/151","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eCobb County is a county located within the Atlanta metropolitan area in the north central part of Georgia. The county seat is Marietta, which is also the county’s largest city.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/173004/file/311970#t=1957.0,2188.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/173004/file/311970/annotation_set/2655/annotation/152","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eWellstar Kennestone Regional Medical Center (formerly WellStar Kennestone Hospital) is a major tertiary-care hospital located in Marietta, Georgia, serving most of northern and central Cobb County, Georgia, as well as adjacent counties. Kennestone Hospital opened in June 1950 as a 105-bed-facility. In 1988, the nation's first laparoscopic gallbladder removal took place at Kennestone.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/173004/file/311970#t=2208.0,2394.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/173004/file/311970/annotation_set/2655/annotation/153","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eJerry Blumenthal (b. 1938) is an active member of the Atlanta Jewish community, serving on boards for the William Breman Jewish Home, Ahavath Achim synagogue, and GHA (Atlanta Jewish Academy). He has also been involved with the Jewish Federation of Greater Atlanta. Jerry graduated from Northside High School and attended the University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill. He graduated from Emory Medical School in 1963. He also served in the Air Force for two years while in medical school. After graduating medical school, he joined a medical practice in Marietta, Georgia. He has been married to Elaine Blumenthal for more than 50 years, together. They had four children, Matthew, Amanda, Daniel, and Philip. Their oldest son, Matthew, died on July 18, 1995, after a long battle with Muscular Dystrophy. Matthew attended The Hebrew Academy, now the Atlanta Jewish Academy. After his death, his family established The Matthew Blumenthal Fund at the school in his honor. The William Breman Jewish Heritage Museum holds a collection of programs and directories, from 1970 to 2011, from the Davis Academy, Epstein School, and Greenfield Hebrew Academy; academies that Elaine and Jerry Blumenthal donated their time and money to in their dedication to their community.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/173004/file/311970#t=2394.0,2396.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/173004/file/311970/annotation_set/2655/annotation/154","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eDr. Michael Levine (b. 1934) is a member of the Atlanta Jewish Community and a retired pediatric doctor. Levine was born in Boston, Massachusetts, and attended Tufts College (now Tufts University) and Tufts University School of Medicine. He completed his residency and training in pediatrics at the New England Medical Center Hospital in Boston. In 1962, Levine married Esther Gerson and together they had three children, Elisa, Joshua, and Shira. Levine served two years in the Air Force during the Vietnam War, upon finishing his service, he and his wife moved to Atlanta, Georgia and he went into pediatric practice. He served as Chief of Pediatrics at Northside Hospital and later Chief of the Medical-Dental staff at Scottish Rite Children’s Hospital. He was also integral to bringing the first pediatric specialists to Atlanta. He practiced pediatric medicine at what would become Northside Pediatrics until his retirement in 2008.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/173004/file/311970#t=2396.0,2405.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/173004/file/311970/annotation_set/2655/annotation/155","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eDr. Evan Benjamin Weisman (1938-2018) was a cardiologist and later an actor. He was born in Queens, New York to Joseph and Belle Weisman. He graduated from Yale University and Emory Medical School. He began his cardiology practice in Marietta in the 1960’s. He was a lifelong member of The Temple and sang in the choir. He married Nancy Cowan, and they had three children. \u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/173004/file/311970#t=2405.0,2407.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/173004/file/311970/annotation_set/2655/annotation/156","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003ePiedmont Atlanta Hospital was founded in 1906 as the Piedmont Sanitarium. Today, it is a 643-bed, non-profit hospital located on Peachtree Road in Buckhead.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/173004/file/311970#t=2507.0,2658.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/173004/file/311970/annotation_set/2655/annotation/157","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eAtlanta, Georgia hosted the 1996 Summer Olympics, the games were held from July 19 to August 14, 1996, opened by President Bill Clinton, with Muhammad Ali carrying the Olympic torch. A record 197 nations and 10,318 athletes took part in the games, including 11 debut countries, formerly Soviet republics. The games debuted three new sports, in addition to women’s swimming and fencing. Atlanta was chosen to host the games in 1990 in Tokyo, Japan over five other countries, including the home country of the Olympics, Greece. On July 27, a domestic terrorist planted a pipe bomb that was discovered by security guard, Richard Jewell. Jewell is credited with saving many lives as he notified law enforcement and helped evacuate as many people as possible. The bomb injured 111 people and killed two. \u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/173004/file/311970#t=2665.0,2809.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/173004/file/311970/annotation_set/2655/annotation/158","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eJohn Robert Lewis (1940-2020) was an American statesman and civil rights leader who served in the United States House of Representatives for Georgia's 5th congressional district from 1987 until his death in 2020. He was the chairman of the Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee (SNCC) from 1963 to 1966. Lewis was one of the \"Big Six\" leaders of groups who organized the 1963 March on Washington. He fulfilled many key roles in the civil rights movement and its actions to end legalized racial segregation in the United States. In 1965, Lewis led the first of three Selma to Montgomery marches across the Edmund Pettus Bridge. In an incident which became known as Bloody Sunday, state troopers and police attacked the marchers, including John Lewis. A member of the Democratic Party, Lewis was first elected to Congress in 1986 and served 17 terms in the U.S. House of Representatives. The district he represented included most of Atlanta. Due to his length of service, he became the dean of the Georgia congressional delegation. While in the House, Lewis was one of the leaders of the Democratic Party, serving from 1991 as a Chief Deputy Whip and from 2003 as a Senior Chief Deputy Whip. John Lewis received many honorary degrees and awards, including the Presidential Medal of Freedom.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/173004/file/311970#t=2665.0,2809.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/173004/file/311970/annotation_set/2655/annotation/159","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eShabbat (Hebrew) or Shabbos/Shabbes (Yiddish) is the Jewish Sabbath and is observed on Saturdays. Shabbat observance entails refraining from work activities and engaging in restful activities to honor the day. Shabbat begins at sundown on Friday night and is ushered in by lighting candles and reciting a blessing. It is closed the following evening with the recitation of the havdalah blessing.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/173004/file/311970#t=2810.0,3076.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/173004/file/311970/annotation_set/2655/annotation/160","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe Anti-Defamation League (ADL) was founded in 1913 “to stop the defamation of the Jewish people and to secure justice and fair treatment to all.” ADL fights antisemitism and all forms of bigotry, defends democratic ideals, and protects civil rights.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/173004/file/311970#t=2810.0,3076.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/173004/file/311970/annotation_set/2655/annotation/161","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe American Jewish Committee of Atlanta is a regional branch of the American Jewish Committee (AJC). AJC was founded in 1906 to safeguard the welfare and security of Jews worldwide. It is one of the oldest Jewish advocacy organizations in the United States. AJC Atlanta founded the Atlanta Black-Jewish Coalition in 1982 to build relations between the communities, focusing on education, outreach, and advocacy. \u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/173004/file/311970#t=2810.0,3076.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/173004/file/311970/annotation_set/2655/annotation/162","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eMaynard Holbrook Jackson Jr. (1938-2003) was an American politician and attorney from Georgia. A member of the Democratic Party, he was elected in 1973 at the age of 35 as the first Black mayor of Atlanta, Georgia and of any major city in the South. He served three terms (1974–1982, 1990–1994), making him the second longest-serving mayor of Atlanta, after six-term mayor William B. Hartsfield. After his death, the William B. Hartsfield Atlanta International Airport was renamed Hartsfield-Jackson Atlanta International Airport to honor his service to the expansion of the airport, the city, and its people.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/173004/file/311970#t=2810.0,3076.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/173004/file/311970/annotation_set/2655/annotation/163","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eHorace Julian Bond (1940-2015) was an American social activist and leader in the Civil Rights Movement, politician, professor and writer. While a student at Morehouse College in Atlanta, Georgia, during the early 1960s, he helped to establish the Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee (SNCC). He was elected to four terms in the Georgia House of Representatives and later to six terms in the Georgia State Senate. He ran for the United States House of Representatives from Georgia’s 5th congressional district in 1986, when he lost the Democratic nomination in a runoff to rival civil rights leader John Lewis. From 1998 to 2010, he was chairman of the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People (NAACP).\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/173004/file/311970#t=2810.0,3076.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/173004/file/311970/annotation_set/2655/annotation/164","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eLeadership Atlanta, founded in 1972, is one of the nation’s oldest and most successful leadership training programs for young business, civic, and community leaders that have the desire and potential to work together for a better Georgia.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/173004/file/311970#t=3093.0,3290.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/173004/file/311970/annotation_set/2655/annotation/165","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eElaine Barron Alexander (b. 1934) was born in Brookline, Massachusetts to Max and Miriam Lowenstein Barron. She graduated from Brookline High School and Wesley College. She is a political activist who is involved in various Jewish and feminist organizations, including the American Jewish Committee, the Georgia Commission on the Status of Women, and Planned Parenthood. In 1955, she married to Miles Alexander, who passed away in 2025. Elaine and Miles have four children. She is a member of The Temple.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/173004/file/311970#t=3093.0,3290.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/173004/file/311970/annotation_set/2655/annotation/166","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eJudith Grossman Taylor (b. 1936) is an active member of the Atlanta Jewish community, philanthropist, and funder of the Esther and Herbert Taylor Oral History Collection, founded by her in-laws. She attended Abraham Lincoln High School in Brooklyn, New York and Brandeis University. She married Mark Taylor in 1957, and they have four children. In 2018, Mark and Judith were honored by the Anti-Defamation League Southeast Region with the Goldstein Human Relations Award. \u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/173004/file/311970#t=3093.0,3290.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/173004/file/311970/annotation_set/2655/annotation/167","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eGeorgia Power Company was established as the Georgia Railway and Power Company. It began in 1902 running the streetcars in Atlanta as a successor of the Atlanta Consolidated Street Railway Company. Today the company is the largest of the four electric utilities that are owned and operated by Southern Company.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/173004/file/311970#t=3093.0,3290.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/173004/file/311970/annotation_set/2655/annotation/168","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe Coca-Cola Company is an American multinational corporation founded in 1892, best known as the producer of the soft drink Coca-Cola. The drink industry company also manufactures, sells, and markets other non-alcoholic beverage concentrates and syrups, and alcoholic beverages. Coca-Cola was created in the late 19th century as an alcohol-free or temperance drink by John Stith Pemberton in Atlanta, Georgia. \u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/173004/file/311970#t=3093.0,3290.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/173004/file/311970/annotation_set/2655/annotation/169","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eSerenbe is a neighborhood within the city limits of Chattahoochee Hills, Georgia. Serenbe is an example of New Urbanism. Serenbe's residences consist of single-family houses and row houses. All have front porches but no backyards; they face a common greenspace and trails. Proximity to shops and services encourages walking. The layout of Serenbe is designed to make efficient use of space, and it has 20 percent more housing per square mile than other suburbs. Serenbe has received criticism for being a bubble outside of Atlanta, with high-end goods and homes that on average cost more than a million dollars.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/173004/file/311970#t=3332.0,3360.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/173004/file/311970/annotation_set/2655/annotation/170","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eBenjamin Franklin (1706-1790) was an American polymath: a writer, scientist, inventor, statesman, diplomat, printer, publisher, and political philosopher. Among the most influential intellectuals of his time, Franklin was one of the Founding Fathers of the United States; a drafter and signer of the Declaration of Independence; and the first postmaster general.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/173004/file/311970#t=3360.0,3573.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/173004/file/311970/annotation_set/2655/annotation/171","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe Joint Commission is a United States-based nonprofit tax-exempt 501(c) organization that accredits more than 22,000 US health care organizations and programs. The international branch accredits medical services from around the world. A majority of US state governments recognize Joint Commission accreditation as a condition of licensure for the receipt of Medicaid and Medicare reimbursements.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/173004/file/311970#t=3607.0,3709.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/173004/file/311970/annotation_set/2655/annotation/172","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eZoom Video Communications, Inc. is an American communications technology company headquartered in San Jose, California. It provides videotelephony and online chat services through a cloud-based peer-to-peer software platform and is used for teleconferencing, telecommuting, distance education, and social relations. During the COVID pandemic, Zoom became a very popular platform for individuals, business, and organizations to stay in connect with each other and continuing to meet with each other when in-person meetings were not advised.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/173004/file/311970#t=3782.0,4001.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/173004/file/311970/annotation_set/2655/annotation/173","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eSan Francisco, California is officially the city and county of San Francisco. It is the commercial, financial, and cultural center of Northern California. The city was founded in 1776 as a Spanish mission and officially incorporated in 1850. The city is known for landmarks including the Golden Gate Bridge, cable cars, Alcatraz prison, Chinatown, and the Mission districts.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/173004/file/311970#t=3782.0,4001.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/173004/file/311970/annotation_set/2655/annotation/174","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eNashville is the capital city of Tennessee and was founded in 1779. It was named for Francis Nash, a general of the Continental Army during the Revolutionary War. The city is home to Vanderbilt University and the legendary country music venues like the Grand Ole Opry, Ryman Auditorium and the Country Music Hall of Fame.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/173004/file/311970#t=3782.0,4001.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/173004/file/311970/annotation_set/2655/annotation/175","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eAnnapolis is the capital of Maryland. It is the county seat of Anne Arundel County and its only incorporated city. Situated on the Chesapeake Bay at the mouth of the Severn River, 25 miles south of Baltimore and about 30 miles east of Washington, D.C., Annapolis forms part of the Baltimore–Washington metropolitan area. \u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/173004/file/311970#t=3782.0,4001.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/173004/file/311970/annotation_set/2655/annotation/176","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eHanukkah or Chanukah [Hebrew: dedication] is an eight-day festival of lights usually falling around Christmas on the Christian calendar. Hanukkah celebrates the victory of the Maccabees in 165 BCE over the Seleucid rulers of Palestine, who had desecrated the Temple. The Maccabees wanted to re-dedicate the Temple altar to Jewish worship by rekindling the menorah (ritual candelabra) but could only find one small jar of ritually pure olive oil. This oil continued to burn miraculously for eight days, enabling them to prepare new oil. The Hanukkah menorah, or hanukiah, with its nine branches, is used to commemorate this miracle by lighting eight candles, one for each day, with the ninth candle.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/173004/file/311970#t=4002.0,4396.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/173004/file/311970/annotation_set/2655/annotation/177","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003ePesach [Hebrew: Passover] is the celebration of Israel’s liberation from Egyptian bondage. The holiday lasts for eight days. Unleavened bread, matzo, is eaten in memory of the unleavened bread prepared by the Israelites during their hasty flight from Egypt, when they had not time to wait for the dough to rise. On the first two nights of Passover, the seder, the central event of the holiday, is celebrated.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/173004/file/311970#t=4002.0,4396.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/173004/file/311970/annotation_set/2655/annotation/178","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eDisneyland is a theme park at the Disneyland Resort in Anaheim, California. It was the first theme park opened by the Walt Disney Company and the only one designed and constructed under the direct supervision of Walt Disney, opening on July 17, 1955.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/173004/file/311970#t=4002.0,4396.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/173004/file/311970/annotation_set/2655/annotation/179","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eSan Sebastián or Donostia, officially known by the bilingual name Donostia / San Sebastián, is a city and municipality located in the Basque Autonomous Community in Spain. It lies on the coast of the Bay of Biscay, 12 miles from the France–Spain border. \u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/173004/file/311970#t=4415.0,4502.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/173004/file/311970/annotation_set/2655/annotation/180","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eQueenstown (Māori: Tāhuna) is a resort town in Otago in the south-west of New Zealand's South Island. It is the seat and largest town in the Queenstown-Lakes District. The town is on the northwestern edge of Lake Wakatipu, a long, thin, S-shaped lake formed by glacial processes, and has views of nearby mountains such as The Remarkables, Cecil Peak, Walter Peak and, just above the town, Ben Lomond and Queenstown Hill. \u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/173004/file/311970#t=4415.0,4502.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/173004/file/311970/annotation_set/2655/annotation/181","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eAuckland is a large metropolitan city in the North Island of New Zealand. It is the most populous city of New Zealand and the fifth-most populous city in Oceania. The University of Auckland, founded in 1883, is the largest university in New Zealand. The city's significant tourist attractions include national historic sites, festivals, performing arts, sports activities, and a variety of cultural institutions.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/173004/file/311970#t=4415.0,4502.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/173004/file/311970/annotation_set/2655/annotation/182","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eWaiheke Island is the second-largest island (after Great Barrier Island) in the Hauraki Gulf of New Zealand. Its ferry terminal in Matiatia Bay at the western end is 13.4 miles from the central-city terminal in Auckland.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/173004/file/311970#t=4415.0,4502.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/173004/file/311970/annotation_set/2655/annotation/183","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003ePerth (Nyungar: Boorloo) is the capital city of Western Australia. It is the fourth-most-populous city in Australia. The city has expanded outward from the original British settlements on the Swan River, upon which its central business district and port of Fremantle are situated.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/173004/file/311970#t=4415.0,4502.0"}]}]}]}