{"@context":"http://iiif.io/api/presentation/3/context.json","id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/iiif/4x54f1n33v/manifest","type":"Manifest","label":{"en":["Krick, Gertrude Fierman"]},"logo":"https://d9jk7wjtjpu5g.cloudfront.net/organizations/logo_images/000/000/082/original/TheBreman_SecondaryMark_Horizontal_Blue_Black.png?1713640889","metadata":[{"label":{"en":["Date"]},"value":{"en":["1990-08-08 (creation)"]}},{"label":{"en":["Format"]},"value":{"en":["Audio"]}},{"label":{"en":["Source"]},"value":{"en":["Esther and Herbert Taylor Oral History Collection","Ida Pearle and Joseph Cuba Archives for Southern Jewish History","William Breman Jewish Heritage Museum"]}},{"label":{"en":["Description"]},"value":{"en":["\u003cp\u003eGertrue Krick interviewed by Ronni Cristol on August 8th and 22nd, 1990 in Atlanta, Georgia.\u003c/p\u003e (general)","\u003cp\u003eGertrude Fierman Krick was born in New York City in 1916 and relocated to Atlanta, Georgia in 1938. Her parents, Abraham Fierman and Frances Chigorsky Fierman, were immigrants from Russia. She had six siblings: Rose Kess, Jenny Fierman, Sam Fierman, Harry Fierman, and Morris Fierman. She received a bachelor’s degree from Hunter College, a master’s degree in education from Teachers College of Columbia University, and a master’s degree in reading from Emory University. She was the first director of the Jewish Educational Alliance preschool in Atlanta and was a teacher and assistant principal of the Atlanta Hebrew Academy for 28 years. Her volunteer activities included leadership roles in Pioneer Women, Jewish Family Services, and Congregation Shearith Israel, and volunteering at the Shearith Israel women’s shelter. Gertrude and her husband Edward Krick were the parents of Elliott Krick and Rosalyn Krick Kram, and the grandparents of Joel Morris and Rachel Morris.\u003c/p\u003e (bioghist)","\u003cp\u003eGertrude recalls her life in New York City, in Manhattan and the Bronx, before moving to Atlanta. She talks about her immigrant parents and maternal grandparents, and being the youngest of five siblings. She says her father was a butcher and a scholar. She remembers holidays and Shabbat and her mother’s challah.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eGertrude talks about her job as a nursery school teacher in New York City and relocating to Atlanta as a teacher for the Jewish Educational Alliance’s nursery school. Gertrude discusses her early days in Atlanta, first living with the Kuniansky family, and later sharing an apartment with her friend Rose Cherkas.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eGertrude talks about meeting her husband Edward Krick at the Jewish Educational Alliance and their wedding in 1940. She talks about Ed’s childhood in Atlanta, his parents, and his maternal and paternal grandparents who lived in Atlanta. She discusses his life-long involvement with Congregation Shearith Israel and his association with the Shearith Israel Juniors. She talks about his grocery business and how most Jewish groceries located in black neighborhoods in Atlanta closed due to robberies by black residents after the 1960’s civil rights movement.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eGertrude recalls the history of Jewish institutions in Atlanta: the Jewish Educational Alliance, the Schoen free kindergarten, the Ben Massell Clinic, the Atlanta Jewish Welfare Fund, and the Bureau of Jewish Education. Gertrude mentions the accomplishments of Edward Kahn as director of the Jewish Educational Alliance and Samuel Rosenberg as director of the Atlanta Bureau of Jewish Education. She discusses the evolution and dissolution of the Jewish Educational Alliance.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eGertrude describes the divisions between German Jews, East European Jews, and Sephardic Jews in the Atlanta Jewish community. She talks about Reform, Conservative, Traditional, and Orthodox Judaism.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eGertrude relates the history of the Hebrew Academy of Atlanta, forerunner of the Atlanta Jewish Academy. She tells how integration led to increased enrollment. She describes the process of attaining Southern Association of Colleges and Schools (SACS) accreditation. She recalls Rabbi Chaim Feuerman and Dr. Ephraim Frankel, who each headed the school during the accreditation process. She tells about her retirement after 29 years as a teacher and administrator at the Hebrew Academy. Gertrude mentions the Epstein School and Torah Day School.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eShe talks about attending Congregation Shearith Israel, its history, and how it changed from an Orthodox to Traditional synagogue. She discusses its rabbinical leaders: Rabbi Tobias Geffen, Rabbi Hyman Friedman, Rabbi Arnold Heisler, Rabbi Sidney Mossman, Rabbi Donald Frieman, Rabbi Nissim Wernick, Rabbi Marc Wilson, Rabbi Judah Kogen, and Rabbi Mark Kunis.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eGertrude talks about her activities in the Jewish community. She tells about: her involvement with Na’amat and the organization’s origins and name change from Pioneer Women. She tells about her activities at Congregation Shearith Israel, as vice-president of education and as a volunteer for its women’s shelter.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eGertrude relates the accomplishments of her son Elliott, her daughter Rosalyn, and her grandchildren Rachel and Joel.\u003c/p\u003e (scope content)"]}},{"label":{"en":["Source Metadata URI"]},"value":{"en":["https://archivesspace.thebreman.org/repositories/2/archival_objects/28479"]}},{"label":{"en":["Rights Statement"]},"value":{"en":["\u003cp\u003eAll rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, recorded by any information storage and retrieval system, without the express written consent of the William Breman Jewish Heritage Museum.\u003c/p\u003e"]}},{"label":{"en":["Subject"]},"value":{"en":["Krick, Gertrude (personal name)","Education (topical term)","volunteerism (topical term)","school accreditation (topical term)","Hebrew Academy of Atlanta (corporate name)","New York City, NY (geographic term)","Jewish Educational Alliance’s  (corporate name)","Krick, Edward (personal name)","Congregation Shearith Israel  (corporate name)","Shearith Israel Juniors (corporate name)","Schoen free kindergarten (corporate name)","Atlanta Bureau of Jewish Education (corporate name)","Traditional Judaism (topical term)","Na’amat (corporate name)","Krick, Elliott (personal name)"]}}],"summary":{"en":["\u003cp\u003eGertrue Krick interviewed by Ronni Cristol on August 8th and 22nd, 1990 in Atlanta, Georgia.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eGertrude Fierman Krick was born in New York City in 1916 and relocated to Atlanta, Georgia in 1938. Her parents, Abraham Fierman and Frances Chigorsky Fierman, were immigrants from Russia. She had six siblings: Rose Kess, Jenny Fierman, Sam Fierman, Harry Fierman, and Morris Fierman. She received a bachelor’s degree from Hunter College, a master’s degree in education from Teachers College of Columbia University, and a master’s degree in reading from Emory University. She was the first director of the Jewish Educational Alliance preschool in Atlanta and was a teacher and assistant principal of the Atlanta Hebrew Academy for 28 years. Her volunteer activities included leadership roles in Pioneer Women, Jewish Family Services, and Congregation Shearith Israel, and volunteering at the Shearith Israel women’s shelter. Gertrude and her husband Edward Krick were the parents of Elliott Krick and Rosalyn Krick Kram, and the grandparents of Joel Morris and Rachel Morris.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eGertrude recalls her life in New York City, in Manhattan and the Bronx, before moving to Atlanta. She talks about her immigrant parents and maternal grandparents, and being the youngest of five siblings. She says her father was a butcher and a scholar. She remembers holidays and Shabbat and her mother’s challah.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eGertrude talks about her job as a nursery school teacher in New York City and relocating to Atlanta as a teacher for the Jewish Educational Alliance’s nursery school. Gertrude discusses her early days in Atlanta, first living with the Kuniansky family, and later sharing an apartment with her friend Rose Cherkas.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eGertrude talks about meeting her husband Edward Krick at the Jewish Educational Alliance and their wedding in 1940. She talks about Ed’s childhood in Atlanta, his parents, and his maternal and paternal grandparents who lived in Atlanta. She discusses his life-long involvement with Congregation Shearith Israel and his association with the Shearith Israel Juniors. She talks about his grocery business and how most Jewish groceries located in black neighborhoods in Atlanta closed due to robberies by black residents after the 1960’s civil rights movement.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eGertrude recalls the history of Jewish institutions in Atlanta: the Jewish Educational Alliance, the Schoen free kindergarten, the Ben Massell Clinic, the Atlanta Jewish Welfare Fund, and the Bureau of Jewish Education. Gertrude mentions the accomplishments of Edward Kahn as director of the Jewish Educational Alliance and Samuel Rosenberg as director of the Atlanta Bureau of Jewish Education. She discusses the evolution and dissolution of the Jewish Educational Alliance.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eGertrude describes the divisions between German Jews, East European Jews, and Sephardic Jews in the Atlanta Jewish community. She talks about Reform, Conservative, Traditional, and Orthodox Judaism.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eGertrude relates the history of the Hebrew Academy of Atlanta, forerunner of the Atlanta Jewish Academy. She tells how integration led to increased enrollment. She describes the process of attaining Southern Association of Colleges and Schools (SACS) accreditation. She recalls Rabbi Chaim Feuerman and Dr. Ephraim Frankel, who each headed the school during the accreditation process. She tells about her retirement after 29 years as a teacher and administrator at the Hebrew Academy. Gertrude mentions the Epstein School and Torah Day School.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eShe talks about attending Congregation Shearith Israel, its history, and how it changed from an Orthodox to Traditional synagogue. She discusses its rabbinical leaders: Rabbi Tobias Geffen, Rabbi Hyman Friedman, Rabbi Arnold Heisler, Rabbi Sidney Mossman, Rabbi Donald Frieman, Rabbi Nissim Wernick, Rabbi Marc Wilson, Rabbi Judah Kogen, and Rabbi Mark Kunis.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eGertrude talks about her activities in the Jewish community. She tells about: her involvement with Na’amat and the organization’s origins and name change from Pioneer Women. She tells about her activities at Congregation Shearith Israel, as vice-president of education and as a volunteer for its women’s shelter.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eGertrude relates the accomplishments of her son Elliott, her daughter Rosalyn, and her grandchildren Rachel and Joel.\u003c/p\u003e"]},"requiredStatement":{"label":{"en":["Attribution"]},"value":{"en":["\u003cp\u003eAll rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, recorded by any information storage and retrieval system, without the express written consent of the William Breman Jewish Heritage Museum.\u003c/p\u003e"]}},"provider":[{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/aboutus","type":"Agent","label":{"en":["William Breman Jewish Heritage Museum"]},"homepage":[{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/","type":"Text","label":{"en":["William Breman Jewish Heritage Museum"]},"format":"text/html"}],"logo":[{"id":"https://d9jk7wjtjpu5g.cloudfront.net/organizations/logo_images/000/000/082/original/TheBreman_SecondaryMark_Horizontal_Blue_Black.png?1713640889","type":"Image"}]}],"thumbnail":[{"id":"https://d9jk7wjtjpu5g.cloudfront.net/collection_resource_files/thumbnails/000/111/841/small/Gertrude_Krick.png?1619620460","type":"Image","format":"image/png"}],"items":[{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/40199/file/111841","type":"Canvas","label":{"en":["Media File 1 of 1 - Krick_Gertrude.mp3"]},"duration":8886.5698,"width":640,"height":360,"thumbnail":[{"id":"https://d9jk7wjtjpu5g.cloudfront.net/collection_resource_files/thumbnails/000/111/841/small/Gertrude_Krick.png?1619620460","type":"Image","format":"image/png"}],"items":[{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/40199/file/111841/content/1","type":"AnnotationPage","items":[{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/40199/file/111841/content/1/annotation/1","type":"Annotation","motivation":"painting","body":{"id":"https://aviary-p-thebreman.s3.wasabisys.com/collection_resource_files/resource_files/000/111/841/original/Krick_Gertrude.mp3?1619521988","type":"Audio","format":"audio/mp3","duration":8886.5698,"width":640,"height":360},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/40199/file/111841","metadata":[]}]}],"annotations":[{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/40199/file/111841/transcript/25483","type":"AnnotationPage","label":{"en":["Gertrude Krick [Transcript]"]},"items":[{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/40199/file/111841/transcript/25483/annotation/1","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"CRISTOL: This is Ronni Cristol interviewing Gertrude Krick on Wednesday,\nAugust 8, 1990, for the Jewish Oral History Project of Atlanta, co-sponsored by\nthe American Jewish Committee, Atlanta Jewish Federation, and National Council\nof Jewish Women. Mrs. Krick, I know you've been in Atlanta a long time, but you\nwere not originally from Atlanta.\n\nKRICK: I'm not originally from Atlanta, that's correct.\n\nCRISTOL: Where are you...\n\nKRICK: I'm originally from New York.\n\nCRISTOL: What brought you to ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/40199/file/111841#t=0.0,30.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/40199/file/111841/transcript/25483/annotation/2","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Atlanta?\n\nKRICK: A job. I was employed at a nursery school in New York that was part of a\ncooperative community venture and they lost their site. It was in\npost-Depression years, and they were in a loft building. This cooperative was in\na loft building that was being given to them for free. There was a paying\ncustomer on the market, and so we had to vacate the area. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/40199/file/111841#t=30.0,60.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/40199/file/111841/transcript/25483/annotation/3","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I had to find other employment.\n\nCRISTOL: How did you find out about Atlanta?\n\nKRICK: I went to the employment service at Teachers College, Columbia\n[University], of which I was a graduate. They asked me if I would consider going\nout of town. I said I'd have to think about that because I was the youngest of a\nlarge family. We were six of us. I...\n\nCRISTOL: Never been away?\n\nKRICK: Never been away from New York. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/40199/file/111841#t=60.0,90.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/40199/file/111841/transcript/25483/annotation/4","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I knew that my parents would have some\nserious reservations about it. I thought about it for a while, and went to visit\none of my professors for advice. She said to me, \"I think that it would be wise\nfor you to strike out on your own, because otherwise you're going to remain in a\nvery protected, sheltered environment, and it would be hard for you to develop\nyour own individuality, your own identity.\" That motivated me to ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/40199/file/111841#t=90.0,120.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/40199/file/111841/transcript/25483/annotation/5","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"consider\nleaving New York. When they gave me the name of what is now the Jewish Community\nCenter but at that time the Jewish Educational Alliance, and we had a\nconnection, or my sister's superior had a connection to Ed Kahn. I don't know if\nthat name rings a bell for you...\n\nCRISTOL: Sure.\n\nKRICK: He used to be Mr. Atlanta. That kind of clinched it. I came down for an\ninterview and landed the job.\n\nCRISTOL: What year was this?\n\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/40199/file/111841#t=120.0,150.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/40199/file/111841/transcript/25483/annotation/6","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"KRICK: That was in either 1938 or 1939, I'm not sure.\n\nCRISTOL: It was a preschool teacher for the Jewish Educational Alliance?\n\nKRICK: Jewish Educational Alliance had a nursery school that was sponsored...\nthat was co-sponsored by the Service Guild. The Service Guild was an\norganization similar to the Junior League, but it was a Jewish agency. They\noutfitted a nursery ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/40199/file/111841#t=150.0,180.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/40199/file/111841/transcript/25483/annotation/7","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"facility at the Jewish Educational Alliance on Capitol\nAvenue in those days.\n\nCRISTOL: Who went? Were these immigrant children who came, or it was a preschool\nlike at Zaban [Park] today?\n\nKRICK: No, it was a preschool, it was a local... the children who lived in the\nneighborhood, some of them not within walking distance. That was one of the\nprojects of the Service Guild, so that they would pick up some of the children,\nthose that were not within walking distance, and drive them. They served as\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/40199/file/111841#t=180.0,210.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/40199/file/111841/transcript/25483/annotation/8","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"assistants. They were volunteers...\n\nCRISTOL: Volunteers.\n\nKRICK: ...in the nursery school. They took turns. There were two every day.\n\nCRISTOL: How many... how big was the preschool. Or was it was just a preschool?\n\nKRICK: It was just a nursery, yes. I guess there must have been about 25\nchildren. That was the extent of it.\n\nCRISTOL: I'm interested... I haven't heard about the Service Guild before. They were...\n\nKRICK: I think it's defunct now. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/40199/file/111841#t=210.0,240.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/40199/file/111841/transcript/25483/annotation/9","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"It was a... I don't know whether it was a\nTemple group. I'm not really quite sure. I know that they were mostly Standard\nClub members...\n\nCRISTOL: ...and all women.\n\nKRICK: ...and all women. They also operated a GYN [gynecological] clinic at\nGrady Hospital. They had several projects. This nursery school was one of them.\n\nCRISTOL: I wonder if that was the forerunner to National Council of Jewish Women...\n\nKRICK: It was.\n\nCRISTOL: ...or...\n\nKRICK: No.\n\nCRISTOL: No?\n\nKRICK: No, but it was the forerunner of the nursery school that now exists at\nthe ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/40199/file/111841#t=240.0,270.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/40199/file/111841/transcript/25483/annotation/10","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Jewish Community Center, which has blossomed, grown, and really expanded considerably.\n\nCRISTOL: You came down as a single Jewish woman from New York to the South, the\nundeveloped South, probably, at that time.\n\nKRICK: It was undeveloped because in those days when you walked on the\nsidewalk-- which was a narrow sidewalk-- and a black person approached you from\nthe other side, he would get down in the street and walk in the street so that\nhe wouldn't have to disturb you. It was still that way.\n\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/40199/file/111841#t=270.0,300.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/40199/file/111841/transcript/25483/annotation/11","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"CRISTOL: You've seen a lot of changes in Atlanta over the years.\n\nKRICK: A lot of changes in Atlanta, absolutely.\n\nCRISTOL: When you moved here, not knowing anybody, how did you start meeting\npeople? Where did you live?\n\nKRICK: It so happened that there was a woman... I can't call her a young woman\nbecause she really was not that young. In earlier years she had worked in the\nagency that my sister was connected with in New York. It was a child placement\nagency. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/40199/file/111841#t=300.0,330.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/40199/file/111841/transcript/25483/annotation/12","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Then she moved back down to her hometown, to Atlanta. I had that\nconnection [with] my sister's friend, someone who had worked in her agency.\n\nCRISTOL: When you get to Atlanta, please call.\n\nKRICK: That's what I did. I stayed with a Kuniansky family briefly, until I\nfound housing of my own. I lived with a family who had a room for rent. I moved\na couple of times, ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/40199/file/111841#t=330.0,360.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/40199/file/111841/transcript/25483/annotation/13","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and I finally moved in with Rose Cherkas of blessed memory.\nShe's gone now. We became very dear friends.\n\nCRISTOL: In an apartment?\n\nKRICK: First she lived in a house, a rented house, and then we moved into an\napartment. I shared a room with her until I met my husband [Edward Krick], and\nthen we got married.\n\nCRISTOL: Tell me about that. He is a native Atlantan?\n\nKRICK: He is one of the rare natives in Atlanta, yes. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/40199/file/111841#t=360.0,390.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/40199/file/111841/transcript/25483/annotation/14","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"He was volunteering at\nthat time in his life, still is. He was down at the Jewish Community Center...\nnot the Jewish Community Center in those days, the Jewish Educational Alliance.\nWe sort of met tangentially, and he asked me out for a date. That's how that happened.\n\nCRISTOL: This was how long after you had moved here? Shortly after you had...\n\nKRICK: I guess about six months.\n\nCRISTOL: How long ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/40199/file/111841#t=390.0,420.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/40199/file/111841/transcript/25483/annotation/15","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"was your courtship?\n\nKRICK: Very short. I think I got down here in June or July of 1938, and we were\nmarried in December of 1940.\n\nCRISTOL: You were really a forerunner for the Women's Lib Movement.\n\nKRICK: I guess so.\n\nCRISTOL: Really. In the late 1930's to move down and get an apartment of your\nown, you were forging new frontiers.\n\nKRICK: I was doing something, ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/40199/file/111841#t=420.0,450.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/40199/file/111841/transcript/25483/annotation/16","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I'll tell you.\n\nCRISTOL: Was it hard for you?\n\nKRICK: Not really. People were very friendly, and they were very protective. The\nparents of the children that I taught sort of took me under their wing. In\naddition, I met some young people, contemporaries of mine.\n\nCRISTOL: Through the [Jewish] Educational Alliance?\n\nKRICK: I'm not sure whether it was through the [Jewish] Educational Alliance. I\ndon't think it was. I remember I met Sarah Tontak, ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/40199/file/111841#t=450.0,480.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/40199/file/111841/transcript/25483/annotation/17","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I guess through Rose Cherkas,\nthrough some of her contacts.\n\nCRISTOL: You continued to teach at the [Jewish Educational] Alliance after you\ngot married?\n\nKRICK: Until my first child came along. He was born in 1941. Our second child\ncame along in 1944. I discontinued teaching until ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/40199/file/111841#t=480.0,510.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/40199/file/111841/transcript/25483/annotation/18","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"she was about 10 or 11,\nsomething like that. Then the Hebrew Academy came on the scene. I don't know\nwhether you ever knew Sam Rosenberg. He may be before your time. He was the\nsecond Director of the Bureau of Jewish Education. He really put the Bureau of\nJewish Education on the map here. He was a highly beloved person, a very\nscholarly man. People ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/40199/file/111841#t=510.0,540.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/40199/file/111841/transcript/25483/annotation/19","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"gravitated to him. He started the first Institute for\nJewish Studies.\n\nCRISTOL: Let me back up a minute. When the Jewish Educational Alliance was\nformed, was that part of the Bureau of Jewish Education?\n\nKRICK: No.\n\nCRISTOL: It was totally separate.\n\nKRICK: Totally separate.\n\nCRISTOL: Was that the only \"Jewish\" educational...\n\nKRICK: Agency?\n\nCRISTOL: Yes.\n\nKRICK: It pretty much was. It pretty much was. It was really ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/40199/file/111841#t=540.0,570.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/40199/file/111841/transcript/25483/annotation/20","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"established to\nservice immigrants. There was the flood of immigration from the Eastern European\ncountries. It was a sort of acculturation program that they operated to help\nthese people become adjusted to the American scene. There was the Jewish\nEducational Alliance itself. Mostly it served adults, although there was a free\nSchoen kindergarten before my time.\n\nCRISTOL: A what?\n\nKRICK: Schoen... a free ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/40199/file/111841#t=570.0,600.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/40199/file/111841/transcript/25483/annotation/21","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"kindergarten. A person by the name of Schoen,\nS-C-H-O-E-N, evidently donated the funds for it or something. That was long\nbefore my time. They also operated a dental clinic, which was the forerunner of the...\n\nCRISTOL: Ben Massell Clinic.\n\nKRICK: Ben Massell Dental Clinic today. There was also a small hospital. They\nused to do tonsillectomies back there. That was before my time. The Dental\nClinic continued while I was there. Ed Kahn, who directed the Jewish Educational\nAlliance, ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/40199/file/111841#t=600.0,630.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/40199/file/111841/transcript/25483/annotation/22","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"also directed the beginning of the Atlanta Jewish Welfare Fund. He was\nthe one that began it.\n\nCRISTOL: That's where it all started.\n\nKRICK: My husband was one of the...\n\nCRISTOL: Founders?\n\nKRICK: ...the junior members of that, the beginning of the Welfare Fund.\n\nCRISTOL: How did the Bureau of Jewish Education begin?\n\nKRICK: The Bureau of Jewish Education?\n\nCRISTOL: Yes.\n\nKRICK: That... well, I guess, in public communities, ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/40199/file/111841#t=630.0,660.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/40199/file/111841/transcript/25483/annotation/23","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"it was started. I suppose\nthat the [Atlanta Jewish] Federation must have felt the need for that sort of\nthing. We had one director who was here for a year or two, and who didn't make\nvery much of a dent in the community. He left, and Samuel Rosenberg came in, and\nhe really put it on the map. He started the Institute for Jewish Studies or\nwhatever they call it. I can't remember any longer. Every Wednesday night, he\nused to have hundreds of people coming to that program.\n\nCRISTOL: Speakers and discussion groups and that kind of thing?\n\nKRICK: Discussion groups, ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/40199/file/111841#t=660.0,690.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/40199/file/111841/transcript/25483/annotation/24","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Hebrew classes, Yiddish classes, history classes, all\nkinds of current event kind of things.\n\nCRISTOL: Before that, people would get all of the Jewish education, I guess,\nfrom the individual synagogues.\n\nKRICK: Yes.\n\nCRISTOL: There was no common meeting place.\n\nKRICK: There was no organized community. Also, the Jewish Educational Alliance\nwas a social service agency, what is now the Jewish Family Services. That was\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/40199/file/111841#t=690.0,720.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/40199/file/111841/transcript/25483/annotation/25","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"all together. Ed Kahn used to be Mr. Atlanta, because...\n\nCRISTOL: He did it all.\n\nKRICK: He did it all. He was the head of all these agencies.\n\nCRISTOL: Now they have 15 people doing his job.\n\nKRICK: Yes, they used to have... they had a big basketball court there. It was\nfreezing in the wintertime, I remember, no heat at all.\n\nCRISTOL: Was this also on Capitol Avenue?\n\nKRICK: Yes.\n\nCRISTOL: The Bureau [of Jewish Education]?\n\nKRICK: No. The Bureau was in 41 Exchange Place.\n\nCRISTOL: The school was...\n\nKRICK: The school was at the... in the Jewish Educational Alliance setting. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/40199/file/111841#t=720.0,750.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/40199/file/111841/transcript/25483/annotation/26","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I\nsaid that it was mainly adults. I have to take that back, because it was a...\nThere were social functions, especially athletic functions, going on for\nteenagers and young people at the Alliance in my day. That was how my husband\nhappened to be there, because he was a basketball player.\n\nCRISTOL: He was there one night when you were there for something else. The\nEducational Alliance preschool...\n\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/40199/file/111841#t=750.0,780.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/40199/file/111841/transcript/25483/annotation/27","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"KRICK: Yes.\n\nCRISTOL: ...eventually closed up or it eventually became the Jewish...\n\nKRICK: It eventually became...\n\nCRISTOL: When did the Alliance change its name to the Jewish Community Center?\n\nKRICK: For many years, the Jewish Educational Alliance was a parent agency of\nthese several groups of the social service division, ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/40199/file/111841#t=780.0,810.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/40199/file/111841/transcript/25483/annotation/28","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"the nursery school, the\nathletic program, the social program, and all that sort of stuff. As time went\non, more and more of these groups, as they grew... these agencies, as they grew,\nwanted autonomy. There was a struggle because there's always a reluctance to\nrelinquish control. There was a real struggle. Finally, I guess in the middle\n1940's, the [Jewish] Community Center broke away from the... didn't break away.\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/40199/file/111841#t=810.0,840.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/40199/file/111841/transcript/25483/annotation/29","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"They became autonomous of the Jewish Educational Alliance.\n\nCRISTOL: The Educational Alliance dissolved?\n\nKRICK: It became these various...\n\nCRISTOL: ...various agencies. The name itself was absorbed...\n\nKRICK: That's right.\n\nCRISTOL: ...by the other groups.\n\nKRICK: Although the Atlanta Jewish Community Center is what emerged from the\nJewish Educational Alliance.\n\nCRISTOL: You didn't teach preschool at... After your ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/40199/file/111841#t=840.0,870.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/40199/file/111841/transcript/25483/annotation/30","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"first child was born, you\nnever went back to the Jewish Community Center?\n\nKRICK: No, I never did.\n\nCRISTOL: You went on to the Hebrew Academy. Tell me about the history of the\nHebrew Academy.\n\nKRICK: Going back to Sam Rosenberg. He felt that there was a tremendous need for\na Hebrew Academy, or Jewish day school. He really was the grandfather of that\nagency. He got together a number of people who were similarly interested, and\nthey literally went from door to door ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/40199/file/111841#t=870.0,900.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/40199/file/111841/transcript/25483/annotation/31","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"seeking...\n\nCRISTOL: Contributions.\n\nKRICK: No, not contributions, necessarily, but children...\n\nCRISTOL: Children.\n\nKRICK: ...so that they could organize the school. They started out with 16\nchildren in what is now the [Jewish] Community Center site. Before the [Jewish]\nCommunity Center was built on Peachtree, there was a mansion. There was a huge\nhouse. That was the temporary quarters for the JCC [Jewish Community Center].\nThey had ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/40199/file/111841#t=900.0,930.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/40199/file/111841/transcript/25483/annotation/32","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"the nursery school there. They had 16 children. They started with 16 children.\n\nCRISTOL: This was when? The early 1950's?\n\nKRICK: Yes. When the Community Center building began... but we're not talking\nabout the nursery school now. We're talking about the...\n\nCRISTOL: ...the Hebrew Academy.\n\nKRICK: We're talking about the Hebrew Academy. The Hebrew Academy first started\nat... Yes, they did start there, then they moved to the Shearith Israel\neducational building down here. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/40199/file/111841#t=930.0,960.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/40199/file/111841/transcript/25483/annotation/33","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I came on the scene the second year, taught the\nkindergarten... or the third year, really... in the kindergarten at the Shearith\nIsrael. The Hebrew Academy remained at Shearith Israel for a number of years.\nDuring the [Governor Samuel] Vandiver [Jr.] administration, when he said, \"Over\nmy dead body would there be integration,\" we had an influx of children. People\nwere afraid that the public schools were going to close. That gave us a real\nboost. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/40199/file/111841#t=960.0,990.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/40199/file/111841/transcript/25483/annotation/34","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"We got to the point where we nearly outgrew the facility there. We were\nsharing it with their religious school in the afternoons and on Sunday. We had\nto move, so we moved to the Community Center.\n\nCRISTOL: On Peachtree [Street] at this point?\n\nKRICK: On Peachtree [Street], on the second floor. We had our classes there, and\nthey used to use the gym for physical ed[ucation].\n\nCRISTOL: How many grades were there at the [Hebrew] Academy at this point?\n\nKRICK: We started out with a kindergarten with 16 children, and it grew to\nkindergarten, first, second grade, ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/40199/file/111841#t=990.0,1020.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/40199/file/111841/transcript/25483/annotation/35","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"then third grade. We had the first graduating\nclass from the sixth grade, because you know how it goes. Sixth and then...\n\nCRISTOL: Junior High [School].\n\nKRICK: Yes. While we were at the Community Center, they were building the\nfacility at North Druid Hills. When they built the facility there, that was when\nI went back the first year to take an extra master's degree. I held a master's\ndegree in early childhood education before I came down here. I went back to\nschool, ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/40199/file/111841#t=1020.0,1050.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/40199/file/111841/transcript/25483/annotation/36","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"to Emory [University], and I got a master's degree in reading. The\nfacility on North Druid Hills was designed to accommodate 250 children. Before\nwe knew it... same thing's happening now, by the way.\n\nCRISTOL: They've already outgrown their new...\n\nKRICK: ...facility in two years. We were accommodating about 350 children over\nat North Druid Hills Road, and they had to add on a wing. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/40199/file/111841#t=1050.0,1080.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/40199/file/111841/transcript/25483/annotation/37","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Actually, they had a\nvery... a much more ambitious expansion program, but the Yom Kippur War intervened.\n\nCRISTOL: Wiped out the...\n\nKRICK: ... wiped out those plans. We were really very crowded there at North\nDruid Hills. Finally, they moved to Northland [Drive] and High Point [Road].\n\nCRISTOL: When you... you went back to Emory [University] to get your Master's in\nreading, you continued to teach or you became an administrator?\n\nKRICK: That's the following year. No. I taught for several more years ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/40199/file/111841#t=1080.0,1110.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/40199/file/111841/transcript/25483/annotation/38","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"at the\nNorth Druid Hills facility.\n\nCRISTOL: In English studies?\n\nKRICK: In English.\n\nCRISTOL: And Hebrew?\n\nKRICK: In English. No, I was never [unintelligible] in the Judaic way. Because\nthe school had grown so, and one administrator was really not enough to handle\nall of it, I became the Assistant Principal. I moved up into Assistant Principal\nchair. I remained there. I was there a total of 29 years, but I think that 11 of\nthem ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/40199/file/111841#t=1110.0,1140.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/40199/file/111841/transcript/25483/annotation/39","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"were in administration.\n\nCRISTOL: Did you see a lot of changes in the type of student that came?\n\nKRICK: That was a wonderful thing about the Hebrew Academy and about Sam\nRosenberg. He insisted that it should be a community school. It always has been\na community school. It has never been affiliated with any... it is not parochial\nin the sense that it's tied in with any synagogue ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/40199/file/111841#t=1140.0,1170.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/40199/file/111841/transcript/25483/annotation/40","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"or agency... Torah Umesorah or\nany other agency. It is a completely independent school. It cuts across all\ndenominational lines. For a time, we used to have a number of children from The\nTemple. We had children whose parents didn't go anywhere. We had... The bulk of\nour children for a long time has been Shearith Israel.\n\nCRISTOL: Really?\n\nKRICK: Yes.\n\nCRISTOL: Rather than Beth Jacob.\n\nKRICK: It had... Then we had a lot from both from Shearith Israel and from Beth\nJacob. Now, they have relatively ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/40199/file/111841#t=1170.0,1200.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/40199/file/111841/transcript/25483/annotation/41","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"few from Beth Jacob because the Beth Jacob\ncrowd is going to Torah Day School.\n\nCRISTOL: Torah Day School. The Beth Jacob group felt that the Hebrew Academy was\nnot religious enough or...\n\nKRICK: I think they did. One of their concerns, when we had to move from North\nDruid Hills... Federation was hoping that we could move out to Zaban [Park]\nbecause in many communities there is what they call a campus concept, ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/40199/file/111841#t=1200.0,1230.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/40199/file/111841/transcript/25483/annotation/42","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"where they\nhave a Community Center, a home for the aged, and the schools all on the same\ncampus. They do that up in Washington...\n\nCRISTOL: Washington area, Bethesda, and around there.\n\nKRICK: Right.\n\nCRISTOL: We saw that.\n\nKRICK: Yes, our grandchildren went to the Charles Smith School. That's what they\nwere hoping to achieve here. It did not work out because the Community Center\nreally needed the space for their own expansion needs and I think that the very\nOrthodox group were very much afraid, particularly since ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/40199/file/111841#t=1230.0,1260.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/40199/file/111841/transcript/25483/annotation/43","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"we moved where we did,\nan outlying district. There were many children living around there. Because\nthose families are not really observant families, they were very much afraid\nthat the influence of those parents might mitigate the religious nature of the\nprogram. It has not as yet. That was their fear. They were afraid that... for\none thing, they didn't like the idea of having their child that far out.\nSecondly, ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/40199/file/111841#t=1260.0,1290.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/40199/file/111841/transcript/25483/annotation/44","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"they were very much afraid that the nature of the school was going to change.\n\nIt wasn't really religious enough to suit them. They are not so much concerned\nabout Hebrew as a language. They're concerned more with ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/40199/file/111841#t=1290.0,1320.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/40199/file/111841/transcript/25483/annotation/45","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"the ritual...\n\nCRISTOL: ...observance.\n\nKRICK: ...with the observance, and with the study of Talmud, and which they do\nat the Hebrew Academy. They were definitely not concerned with language. They\nwanted a more rigorously Orthodox approach.\n\nCRISTOL: When the Epstein School opened, did that affect the enrollment? You\nwere still at the Hebrew Academy when that...\n\nKRICK: Yes.\n\nCRISTOL: Did that affect the enrollment?\n\nKRICK: Yes, it did. It did affect the enrollment, and still does. It is a\ncompetitive school, and they do a very fine job.\n\nCRISTOL: I know, in talking to Sylvia Schwartz that with the Hebrew Academy now\nbeing closer to Zaban, ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/40199/file/111841#t=1320.0,1350.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/40199/file/111841/transcript/25483/annotation/46","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"she has seen a pull in the enrollment there. How do you\nfeel? I know it's friendly competition, but it's still competition. How do you\nfeel about that? You were here when there was only one thing.\n\nKRICK: There's room for...\n\nCRISTOL: Plenty of room?\n\nKRICK: Yes. I think so. The more schools we have serving Jewish children, the\nbetter off we are. There was a time when day school was considered an absolute\nno-no. People were so worried that their children would become rabbis or...\n\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/40199/file/111841#t=1350.0,1380.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/40199/file/111841/transcript/25483/annotation/47","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"CRISTOL: ...go off the deep end.\n\nKRICK: What we are concerned about is offering quality, intensive, Jewish\neducation for children. The more opportunities we have to serve children of\nwhatever denomination, or whatever motivates them to send their children there,\nthe better.\n\nCRISTOL: Financially it's difficult, when the monies are split in so many\ndifferent ways.\n\nKRICK: No question about that. Federation tried for a long time to\nconsolidate...Wait a minute. It wasn't so much ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/40199/file/111841#t=1380.0,1410.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/40199/file/111841/transcript/25483/annotation/48","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"the Epstein School. I think it\nwas Yeshiva [High School]. I can't remember anymore. Time flies.\n\nCRISTOL: ...the time flies, and the whole community concept has changed so much,\ntoo. Yeshiva is looking for a home now?\n\nKRICK: Not Yeshiva. Torah Day School.\n\nCRISTOL: That's right. Yeshiva has the old...\n\nKRICK: Yes. Torah Day School was sharing the facility with Yeshiva, but Yeshiva\nreally needed more space. What they are beginning to do, ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/40199/file/111841#t=1410.0,1440.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/40199/file/111841/transcript/25483/annotation/49","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"according to the\nAtlanta Jewish Times, is to develop separate classes for girls and boys. It used\nto be that at a certain point they did that when they entered certain curriculum\nstudies. Now they're apparently doing it with all of the classes. They needed\nthe space, and Torah Day School was cramping them. They had to find a new facility.\n\nCRISTOL: Now they have a temporary two-year space, and they're going to have to\nworry about finding some more.\n\nKRICK: Build some more, find something else. I think they're going to be ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/40199/file/111841#t=1440.0,1470.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/40199/file/111841/transcript/25483/annotation/50","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"out on\nMontreal Road.\n\nCRISTOL: On Lawrenceville Highway. When did you retire from the Hebrew Academy?\n\nKRICK: I retired in 1983.\n\nCRISTOL: You have filled your life to capacity since then? Tell me...\n\nKRICK: I don't know when I used to have time to work.\n\nCRISTOL: ...to work. That's what I said when I stayed home, when my first child\nwas born. You've always been a professional volunteer as well as a paid...Tell\nme some of the things you're doing now.\n\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/40199/file/111841#t=1470.0,1500.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/40199/file/111841/transcript/25483/annotation/51","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"KRICK: I was quite active at Jewish Family Services, and am still on their board\nand a member of the Counseling Committee. For a number of years, I served as\nChairman of the Counseling Committee at the Jewish Family...\n\nCRISTOL: Providing counseling to families and...\n\nKRICK: I did do some. I was what they called a co-counselor with some of the\nsocial workers that were involved with the families that have children, children\nwho needed remediation. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/40199/file/111841#t=1500.0,1530.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/40199/file/111841/transcript/25483/annotation/52","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"This was a sort of a supervising committee for the\ncounseling services. They were an overseeing group.\n\nCRISTOL: You're still on the board?\n\nKRICK: I'm still on the board, and I'm still on the Counseling Committee, but\nI'm not chairing it any longer. That's one aspect. That took up a lot of time\nbecause they were operating on a project of determining how effective the\nservice was ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/40199/file/111841#t=1530.0,1560.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/40199/file/111841/transcript/25483/annotation/53","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"to the community.\n\nCRISTOL: A long-term study kind of thing?\n\nKRICK: Yes. I was deeply involved with that. Then I'm on the Synagogue Board.\n\nCRISTOL: I understand you're the first female officer that Shearith Israel has\never had. Is that right?\n\nKRICK: Vice-President of Education.\n\nCRISTOL: They had never had a female officer.\n\nKRICK: No, that's not true. They had a female president. Denise Rabinowitz was\nthe first woman...\n\nCRISTOL: President of...\n\nKRICK: ...president, yes.\n\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/40199/file/111841#t=1560.0,1590.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/40199/file/111841/transcript/25483/annotation/54","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"CRISTOL: You are the Vice-President of Education?\n\nKRICK: I must have been that before she took office, so I guess you would have\nto say that.\n\nCRISTOL: That's right. Still forging the way.\n\nKRICK: I'm involved with Na'amat, which used to be Pioneer Women.\n\nCRISTOL: Sylvia was telling me a little bit about that. That's one of the\norganizations that you don't hear as much about. I was really... tell me about\nthe history of that. Again, that was helping women ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/40199/file/111841#t=1590.0,1620.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/40199/file/111841/transcript/25483/annotation/55","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"very early on.\n\nKRICK: Pioneer Women was a group that was developed by... Golda Meir was one of\nthe founders of that group. They were a group of women who were working in\nIsrael who had made Aliyah and who were trying to help develop the country. They\nneeded money for a well, to dig a well. They wrote to women in America to ask\nfor support. That was really how the thing got started. It was a fund-raising\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/40199/file/111841#t=1620.0,1650.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/40199/file/111841/transcript/25483/annotation/56","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"group to help projects in Israel. It has grown because it was really the\nAmerican women counterpart of an actual women's movement in Israel. We were the\nAmerican arm. Now...\n\nCRISTOL: Providing the funds mainly?\n\nKRICK: Providing funds. They support day care centers. They support vocational\nschools for ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/40199/file/111841#t=1650.0,1680.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/40199/file/111841/transcript/25483/annotation/57","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"women. They support after school facilities, like community centers\nopening for women. They're all over. They're not just in the cities. In the\noutlying areas, they have these nursery schools while the women are working.\n\nCRISTOL: What does the word Na'amat mean?\n\nKRICK: It's an acronym for volunteer and working women in Israel. I don't know\nthe exact Hebrew terminology, ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/40199/file/111841#t=1680.0,1710.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/40199/file/111841/transcript/25483/annotation/58","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"but each letter stands for a different Hebrew\nword. That's what it means: volunteers and working women.\n\nCRISTOL: Over here, is it primarily to raise funds?\n\nKRICK: Yes. We are also concerned with American affairs and Israeli affairs.\nWe're an advocacy group for women's rights. One of the things that they have\ndone is to establish libraries.\n\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/40199/file/111841#t=1710.0,1740.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/40199/file/111841/transcript/25483/annotation/59","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"CRISTOL: In Israel?\n\nKRICK: In Israel. For librarians, a library school for librarians. Their\nvocational services are very interesting because every now and again you'll have\neither [unintelligible] or Hadassah, somebody that will put on a fashion show. A\nlot of these fashions are developed by schools...\n\nCRISTOL: Designed.\n\nKRICK: ...training, schools for design.\n\nCRISTOL: It's not a large group in Atlanta...\n\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/40199/file/111841#t=1740.0,1770.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/40199/file/111841/transcript/25483/annotation/60","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"KRICK: Not here.\n\nCRISTOL: ...is it?\n\nKRICK: Not here, no. In California, I understand, there's a very large group. In\nCanada, there used to be a very large group. Years ago, it appealed to the\nYiddish-speaking element, older women who were Yiddish speaking.\n\nCRISTOL: Were you one of the founders of the group here in Atlanta?\n\nKRICK: No.\n\nCRISTOL: It had been around for a long time then.\n\nKRICK: No, it had been around. There were a group of... in those days, ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/40199/file/111841#t=1770.0,1800.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/40199/file/111841/transcript/25483/annotation/61","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"older\nwomen. We were the younger.\n\nCRISTOL: The young ones.\n\nKRICK: The whole idea was that children of members... There is an older group.\n[You] can't call it older anymore. There is a group that had been the parent\ngroup, so to speak, and when we came along we were the younger group. They're\ntrying to start another youth group, but it has not...\n\nCRISTOL: Two different...\n\nKRICK: No, it's all part of...\n\nCRISTOL: All part of the same thing.\n\nKRICK: Yes, but they're independent clubs.\n\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/40199/file/111841#t=1800.0,1830.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/40199/file/111841/transcript/25483/annotation/62","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"CRISTOL: Like chapters, different chapters.\n\nKRICK: Chapters.\n\nCRISTOL: Now you're [unintelligible] them.\n\nKRICK: One [unintelligible]. We're a number of [unintelligible]. Now we're the\nolder group.\n\nCRISTOL: You're involved in your synagogue. You're involved in Na'amat Women.\nYou're involved in Jewish Family Services. Do you have time for yourself? Do you travel?\n\nKRICK: We're going on a mission in January. We were on the last mission about\nthree or four years ago.\n\nCRISTOL: I was going to ask you. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/40199/file/111841#t=1830.0,1860.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/40199/file/111841/transcript/25483/annotation/63","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"You've been to Israel a lot.\n\nKRICK: We've been to Israel three times. Most of the travel that we do... our\nchildren do not live in Atlanta.\n\nCRISTOL: Neither?\n\nKRICK: We have a daughter who's in Rockville, Maryland, and we have a son who is\nin Chicago [Illinois].\n\nCRISTOL: What do they do? Are they working?\n\nKRICK: Yes. Our son, who is the older of the two, teaches at University of\nChicago, Great Books Division. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/40199/file/111841#t=1860.0,1890.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/40199/file/111841/transcript/25483/annotation/64","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"He is a very popular lecturer. He has a lot of\nprivate study groups. Our daughter is a dietician. She works for the Hillel at\nGeorge Washington University.\n\nCRISTOL: Do you have grandchildren?\n\nKRICK: We have two grandchildren. We have a grandson and a granddaughter.\n\nCRISTOL: How old are they?\n\nKRICK: Gosh, our grandson is 22, ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/40199/file/111841#t=1890.0,1920.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/40199/file/111841/transcript/25483/annotation/65","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I guess. Our granddaughter is about 21.\n\nCRISTOL: They are all still in the Washington area?\n\nKRICK: No, Joel has spent a lot of time in Israel. He went to... he spent one of\nhis high school years there. He spent last year, college year, there. He's\nfinishing up at Harvard summer school now. Our granddaughter goes to the\nUniversity of Maryland. She lives at home, goes to the University of Maryland,\nwhere our daughter used to be, the...\n\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/40199/file/111841#t=1920.0,1950.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/40199/file/111841/transcript/25483/annotation/66","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"CRISTOL: Dietician.\n\nKRICK: ...dietician at Hillel, who [unintelligible].\n\nCRISTOL: Did your children... When your children were growing up, the Hebrew Academy...\n\nKRICK: Not when they started.\n\nCRISTOL: ...was not...\n\nKRICK: Not when they started. [unintelligible]\n\nCRISTOL: They went to...\n\nKRICK: Both of them went to college away from home, so they've been gone from\nhome for a long, long time. Rosalyn was in North Carolina, [unintelligible]\nwomen's college...\n\nCRISTOL: Greensboro.\n\nKRICK: ...at Greensboro. [It's] no longer a women's college.\n\nCRISTOL: My sister went to... well, it's UNCG now.\n\nKRICK: Yes. The year she left, it became ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/40199/file/111841#t=1950.0,1980.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/40199/file/111841/transcript/25483/annotation/67","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"co-ed. Elliott went to the University\nof Chicago for his undergraduate as well as graduate.\n\nCRISTOL: He has his doctorate?\n\nKRICK: No, he doesn't have a doctorate. He has a master's degree.\n\nCRISTOL: From what you're telling me, education has always been very important\nin your family.\n\nKRICK: Absolutely.\n\nCRISTOL: Let's back up to your childhood. We'll go way back. Tell me when you\nwere born. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/40199/file/111841#t=1980.0,2010.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/40199/file/111841/transcript/25483/annotation/68","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"We'll go to the very beginning.\n\nKRICK: I was born in 1916. My father and grandfather came over to America\nseveral years prior to that.\n\nCRISTOL: From?\n\nKRICK: From Russia. They migrated because they wanted to avoid the draft. As a\nmatter of fact, my father had an eardrum punctured so that he would not be\neligible for the draft.\n\nCRISTOL: On purpose?\n\nKRICK: On purpose. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/40199/file/111841#t=2010.0,2040.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/40199/file/111841/transcript/25483/annotation/69","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"They came to America and went into business. My grandfather\nwas a shochet. My father really did not have a profession when he came here\nbecause he was a perennial scholar. Because of my grandfather's...\n\nCRISTOL: Livelihood.\n\nKRICK: ...livelihood, he went into the butcher business. For two reasons: one,\nhe and my grandfather could work together; ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/40199/file/111841#t=2040.0,2070.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/40199/file/111841/transcript/25483/annotation/70","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and secondly, it was the kind of\nbusiness where he could maintain Shabbos.\n\nCRISTOL: You said your father and your grandfather.\n\nKRICK: They came over by themselves.\n\nCRISTOL: First?\n\nKRICK: My grandmother remained behind. My mother was an only surviving child.\nThey had several children, but only my mother survived.\n\nCRISTOL: Also from Russia?\n\nKRICK: Also from Russia. My mother already had ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/40199/file/111841#t=2070.0,2100.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/40199/file/111841/transcript/25483/annotation/71","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"five children, one of whom died.\nShe was pregnant with the fifth when my father left. My father and grandfather\nsaved up enough money to send them passports. My grandmother and my mother and\nfour children all came to America. After they got here, my brother was born. I\nwas born three years later.\n\nCRISTOL: You're one of six? You're the youngest?\n\nKRICK: Six. I'm the youngest. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/40199/file/111841#t=2100.0,2130.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/40199/file/111841/transcript/25483/annotation/72","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I grew up in a very warm, supportive, loving family.\n\nCRISTOL: A really... a very religious family?\n\nKRICK: Yes. I had four adoring mothers. My grandmother, my mother, and two\nsisters. I went to elementary school. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/40199/file/111841#t=2130.0,2160.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/40199/file/111841/transcript/25483/annotation/73","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I was enrolled in a cheder.\n\nCRISTOL: For girls?\n\nKRICK: No, it was girls and boys, but we were separated.\n\nCRISTOL: This was early elementary school or junior high age?\n\nKRICK: I guess it was . .. . it is now general elementary school. I went on to\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/40199/file/111841#t=2160.0,2190.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/40199/file/111841/transcript/25483/annotation/74","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"elementary, junior high school, and high school.\n\nCRISTOL: All in New York?\n\nKRICK: All in New York. I went to Hunter College there. When I finished Hunter\nCollege, I went to Teachers College [at] Columbia [University] for a master's\ndegree. While I was there, I got a job teaching in a community cooperative\nnursery school.\n\nCRISTOL: You lived at home the whole time?\n\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/40199/file/111841#t=2190.0,2220.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/40199/file/111841/transcript/25483/annotation/75","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"KRICK: The whole time. I lived at home the whole time. My grandfather died when\nI was quite young, but my mother, father, grandmother, sister, two brothers, and\nmyself all lived in a five-room apartment, with one bathroom. We never had...\n\nCRISTOL: You turned out fine.\n\nKRICK: ...any fights. I don't recall any fights about getting into the bathroom.\n\nCRISTOL: Did any other ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/40199/file/111841#t=2220.0,2250.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/40199/file/111841/transcript/25483/annotation/76","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"relatives come over from Russia?\n\nKRICK: Yes.\n\nCRISTOL: They did. I was going to say, you had really nobody, no aunts and\nuncles or extended family.\n\nKRICK: Yes, there was. There were. There was an aunt that lived across the\nstreet from us, and another aunt, one I don't remember very well. I think she\ndied when I was very young. There were cousins right across the street.\n\nCRISTOL: They all came over after?\n\nKRICK: They came over about the same time. There were others that came over in a\nlater migration. We housed some of them, ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/40199/file/111841#t=2250.0,2280.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/40199/file/111841/transcript/25483/annotation/77","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"until they could get on their feet, all\nin a five-room apartment. I always tell this amusing story. One weekend, I was\ninvited to the home of a co-worker of my sister who had younger siblings my age.\nMy sister and her friend were going to a play or a concert, ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/40199/file/111841#t=2280.0,2310.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/40199/file/111841/transcript/25483/annotation/78","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"or something.\nFollowing the performance, they went out to get coffee and they became deeply\ninvolved in conversation. Before they knew it, it was too late for her to go\nback home because she had to commute to Mount Vernon [New York], which was where\nshe lived. That's where I was staying. My sister said to her, \"No big deal. You\ncan come and stay at my house because Gertrude is staying at your house.\" They\ncame home. They did not know that my cousin had come to visit her mother and\nfound a scarlet fever ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/40199/file/111841#t=2310.0,2340.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/40199/file/111841/transcript/25483/annotation/79","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"sign on the tenant house. In those days...\n\nCRISTOL: They quarantined.\n\nKRICK: ...they quarantined everything. You couldn't get in, you couldn't get\nout. She had traveled from Brooklyn [New York] with two little bitty children.\nWhat was she going to do? She went next door, across the street, to her aunt, my\nmother. Mother said, \"How can you go on back to Brooklyn.\" It was a cold...\n\nCRISTOL: Dreary night.\n\nKRICK: ...and snowy day, yes. \"Gertrude isn't home, so you can stay here.\" They\nput the three of them up ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/40199/file/111841#t=2340.0,2370.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/40199/file/111841/transcript/25483/annotation/80","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"in the house. There comes Jennie, my sister, and her\nfriend. They made do. They put stuff down on the floor. They made do. The next\nday, this friend apologized to my mother. She said, \"I'm so sorry. I had no idea\nthat you had other company.\" She said, \"I apologize.\" Mother said... you\nunderstand Yiddish?\n\nCRISTOL: A little, just a little.\n\nKRICK: \"Tomid [Yiddish: always] a spare a room. There's always spare room in our\nhouse. Always spare room.\n\nCRISTOL: That warm, ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/40199/file/111841#t=2370.0,2400.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/40199/file/111841/transcript/25483/annotation/81","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"open feeling. You had a bed to yourself up at Mount Vernon.\nYou were probably enjoying it.\n\nKRICK: Yes.\n\nCRISTOL: You said it was a very warm, pleasant... you probably didn't know any different.\n\nKRICK: That's right.\n\nCRISTOL: Everybody lived like that. Where did you live in New York? In Brooklyn or...\n\nKRICK: As a young child... No, we didn't live in Brooklyn. We lived in Manhattan\n[New York]. We lived on Fifth Street between Avenue A and B. On Avenue B, there\nwas a trolley line that was notoriously slow. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/40199/file/111841#t=2400.0,2430.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/40199/file/111841/transcript/25483/annotation/82","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"In Yiddish it was known as the\npavolye [Yiddish: slow] line.... really, it was a Russian word meaning 'very,\nvery slow.' The pavolye line. Subsequently we moved to the Bronx [New York]. We\nlived in the Bronx for quite a number of years. As a matter of fact, my mother\ndied [unintelligible] in the Bronx.\n\nCRISTOL: Your grandparents lived with you your whole life.\n\nKRICK: My grandmother did. My grandfather died ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/40199/file/111841#t=2430.0,2460.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/40199/file/111841/transcript/25483/annotation/83","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"when I was about seven or eight\nyears old, something like that. He was a wonderful man.\n\nCRISTOL: What about your mother's family. Did they stay in Russia?\n\nKRICK: That was my mother's family. That was my mother's mother and father that\nlived with us.\n\nCRISTOL: Your father's father that came over. Didn't you say your father and his\nfather came over together?\n\nKRICK: My father and my mother's father.\n\nCRISTOL: Your mother's father came over together.\n\nKRICK: Yes. I don't know anything about ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/40199/file/111841#t=2460.0,2490.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/40199/file/111841/transcript/25483/annotation/84","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"my father's family really.\n\nCRISTOL: I got confused. They came over together?\n\nKRICK: Yes.\n\nCRISTOL: They stayed with... your grandmother lived with you until she died. All\nthe brothers and sisters stayed together until they married or did they...\n\nKRICK: That's right. We all lived at home until we were married. Those days,\nthere was no such thing as having an apartment by yourself when you got to be 18\nor whatever. Everybody lived together then.\n\nCRISTOL: As I said, you were a real forger for your ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/40199/file/111841#t=2490.0,2520.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/40199/file/111841/transcript/25483/annotation/85","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"women's rights to come down\nto Atlanta by yourself. That must have been a tough decision for your family to make.\n\nKRICK: It was a very tough decision, until my mother came down here to visit me,\nsubsequently. That was when she really heaved a sigh of relief. We lived in\nthose days on the corner of Monroe [Drive] and 10th Street, right across the\nstreet from Piedmont Park.\n\nCRISTOL: Piedmont Park.\n\nKRICK: It was lovely. It was not nearly as crowded in those days. It was open.\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/40199/file/111841#t=2520.0,2550.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/40199/file/111841/transcript/25483/annotation/86","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"It was peaceful. It was quiet. You didn't have hordes of people around. The lake\nwas pretty.\n\nCRISTOL: It was a beautiful setting.\n\nKRICK: Yes it was. She said it reminded her of her little village that she lived\nin Russia. She just loved it here. She really did.\n\nCRISTOL: What are some things in your childhood that you can remember about the\nholidays or going to synagogue? Is there anything that sticks in your mind?\n\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/40199/file/111841#t=2550.0,2580.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/40199/file/111841/transcript/25483/annotation/87","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"KRICK: The holidays... the first thing that I think about is the smell of\nchallah being baked. There's nothing like the smell of challah being baked.\nEverything was always cleaned and sparkled...\n\nCRISTOL: [unintelligible].\n\nKRICK: Yes. The candles were lit. We did not used to go to shul except... not on\nSaturday. We didn't... Papa did not ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/40199/file/111841#t=2580.0,2610.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/40199/file/111841/transcript/25483/annotation/88","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"go to an organized shul such as we know it\nhere. It was like a storefront place. Papa was a ga'on tefillah.\n\nCRISTOL: Papa is your father?\n\nKRICK: My father, yes. He used to daven. He was a victim of retinitis pigmentosa\nso that he went progressively blind in his later years.\n\nCRISTOL: For a man who studied, that must have been hard.\n\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/40199/file/111841#t=2610.0,2640.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/40199/file/111841/transcript/25483/annotation/89","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"KRICK: He had [it] memorized. He put things to memory. Members of the\ncongregation, of the little shul, used to come up, and my brothers used to study\nwith him. Before the holidays, particularly, they would go over the materials.\nHe would daven without using the book at all. He committed it to memory. He had\na very pleasing voice. I remember going to these little storefront places ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/40199/file/111841#t=2640.0,2670.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/40199/file/111841/transcript/25483/annotation/90","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"where\nthere's a curtain between, separating men and women. My brothers always were\nstanding at the bimah with Papa so that if he should make a mistake, they could\ncorrect him. He would be correcting others.\n\nCRISTOL: Was it a large congregation?\n\nKRICK: No, it was a handful of people. I guess, maybe 50.\n\nCRISTOL: Yes. This was the same one that you went to the whole time you were\nbrought up?\n\nKRICK: Where we lived. There was always a different storefront. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/40199/file/111841#t=2670.0,2700.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/40199/file/111841/transcript/25483/annotation/91","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Papa was a\nwonderful storyteller. He really could spin a yarn. They were always stories\nfrom the Talmud or from the Mishnah, with a moral. He would apply it to a\nparticular entity that he wanted to bring out a point.\n\nCRISTOL: Used the story to do it. How was he about... There were three girls?\n\nKRICK: Yes.\n\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/40199/file/111841#t=2700.0,2730.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/40199/file/111841/transcript/25483/annotation/92","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"CRISTOL: How did he feel about the girls' education?\n\nKRICK: He was the one that made us go to cheder. My older sister never got a\nHebrew education, because when she came, she was already a teenager. It was\nimportant for her to get to work right away because the family needed the funds.\nMy oldest sister was married when I was six years old. My older sister...\n\nCRISTOL: In the United States?\n\nKRICK: In the United... in New York. I have a niece who was born ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/40199/file/111841#t=2730.0,2760.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/40199/file/111841/transcript/25483/annotation/93","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"on my seventh\nbirthday. We share a birthday actually.\n\nCRISTOL: There was a big age difference.\n\nKRICK: There was a big age difference [unintelligible]. [My father] adored me.\nHe adored my brother that was born here more than he did me, I think.\n\nCRISTOL: You really think so? You could tell?\n\nKRICK: I felt that. I felt that at the time, but I knew that I was special to\nhim. I knew that I was special, but I always felt as though I was secondarily special.\n\nCRISTOL: When he was teaching, he included you?\n\nKRICK: No, it was just the boys.\n\nCRISTOL: Just the boys.\n\nKRICK: It was just the boys.\n\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/40199/file/111841#t=2760.0,2790.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/40199/file/111841/transcript/25483/annotation/94","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"CRISTOL: This is Ronni Cristol interviewing Gertrude Krick on Wednesday, August\n8, 1990, for the Jewish Oral History Project of Atlanta. This is Side 2 of the\ntape. We were talking about your father teaching, and even though he encouraged\nyou, he didn't sit down and teach you. Is that right?\n\nKRICK: That's correct. The other thing I remember about my father is that when\nHe lived in the Bronx, ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/40199/file/111841#t=2790.0,2820.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/40199/file/111841/transcript/25483/annotation/95","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"he would go to shul as he always did, both morning and\nevening. If my brothers were home or if my mother was free, somebody would walk\nhim down to the... it was right around the corner... to the shul. In the\nafternoons when he wanted to go, oftentimes there wasn't anybody available to\ntake him. The children that lived in the apartment building would vie with one\nanother to walk him to shul.\n\nCRISTOL: That was an honor.\n\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/40199/file/111841#t=2820.0,2850.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/40199/file/111841/transcript/25483/annotation/96","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"KRICK: Yes. They used to take care of him, and take him to shul. By that time,\nhe was totally blind. When he died, the chevra kaddisha came to the house. We\ndidn't take him to a...\n\nCRISTOL: ...funeral home.\n\nKRICK: They came to the house. They washed the body and prepared him for burial.\nAlthough there was a hearse that came to transport the body, they would not\npermit the ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/40199/file/111841#t=2850.0,2880.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/40199/file/111841/transcript/25483/annotation/97","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"hearse to take him. They walked with the coffin around the corner,\nbecause we buried from this little shul. They carried the coffin around to the\nshul where the service took place.\n\nCRISTOL: Did any of your brothers go into the rabbinate?\n\nKRICK: No.\n\nCRISTOL: No. They'd had enough.\n\nKRICK: One brother is a musician. He taught the violin. He's quite a talented\nmusician. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/40199/file/111841#t=2880.0,2910.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/40199/file/111841/transcript/25483/annotation/98","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"As a matter of fact, he was... What's the name of that place in\nPhiladelphia, the Curtis Institute or School or whatever they call it. I don't\nknow. Like Rice University...\n\nCRISTOL: ...In Texas?\n\nKRICK: ...in Texas. It only admits people on scholarship. You don't pay to go\nthere. As a matter of fact, they were prepared to pay him living expenses if he\nwould consent to move down to Philadelphia and ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/40199/file/111841#t=2910.0,2940.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/40199/file/111841/transcript/25483/annotation/99","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"study.\n\nCRISTOL: He did or he...\n\nKRICK: He didn't move down there, no. He refused to move down there because he\nfelt an obligation to the family. He studied with Leopold Auer, who is quite a\nfamous musician. That was one brother. Another brother taught chemistry, general\nscience, in the public schools and later at Ramaz ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/40199/file/111841#t=2940.0,2970.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/40199/file/111841/transcript/25483/annotation/100","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"which is a very famous day school.\n\nCRISTOL: In Israel?\n\nKRICK: In New York [City].\n\nCRISTOL: In New York.\n\nKRICK: A third one used to work with my father. My father really felt that he,\nin the business...\n\nCRISTOL: As a shochet.\n\nKRICK: No. My father was not the shochet. My grandfather was a shochet.\n\nCRISTOL: Your grandfather was. Your father...\n\nKRICK: He did butchering. He used to cut meats without looking, without seeing.\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/40199/file/111841#t=2970.0,3000.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/40199/file/111841/transcript/25483/annotation/101","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"[He] would depend on the honesty of the customers to tell him what the weight\nwas. My brother used to help him, my oldest brother. My father desperately\nwanted him to go into some kind of profession. Ultimately, he did become an\noptometrist. [unintelligible] he did. None of them went into...\n\nCRISTOL: ...into the rabbinate.\n\nKRICK: ...into the rabbinate.\n\nCRISTOL: You were the only one who left New York?\n\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/40199/file/111841#t=3000.0,3030.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/40199/file/111841/transcript/25483/annotation/102","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"KRICK: The only one who left New York.\n\nCRISTOL: How many are still alive?\n\nKRICK: Five of us. I have a sister who's 93.\n\nCRISTOL: Is she in New York still?\n\nKRICK: In New York. I have another sister who is 87, [who] just celebrated her\neighty-seventh birthday.\n\nCRISTOL: It's nice to know longevity runs in the family.\n\nKRICK: It's very nice.\n\nCRISTOL: Tell me a little bit about your husband's family. You said that he was\na native Atlantan.\n\nKRICK: He was a native Atlantan. Interestingly, his grandfather ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/40199/file/111841#t=3030.0,3060.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/40199/file/111841/transcript/25483/annotation/103","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"was a shochet also.\n\nCRISTOL: How did he get to Atlanta?\n\nKRICK: How? Who?\n\nCRISTOL: The family.\n\nKRICK: I really don't know how his paternal grandfather got here. I don't\nremember what those details were. I do know about the maternal grandfather\n[Harris Levin]. His maternal grandfather had landed in New York, lived in New\nYork for a while, and then I think went to Chicago. The climate was more than he\ncould tolerate. They advised him to move south. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/40199/file/111841#t=3060.0,3090.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/40199/file/111841/transcript/25483/annotation/104","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Somebody said just last night\nthat one of his daughters had already married and was living in Atlanta, and\nthat may have been the reason that he came here. He definitely needed to come to\na warmer climate for health reasons. That's how he wound up here. I think that\nhis paternal grandfather [Samuel Krick] had been in Baltimore originally. How he\ngot to Atlanta I really don't know. Both grandparents, both maternal and\npaternal grandparents, lived in Atlanta.\n\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/40199/file/111841#t=3090.0,3120.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/40199/file/111841/transcript/25483/annotation/105","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"CRISTOL: When he was born, he was already third generation Atlantan?\n\nKRICK: That's right. His maternal grandfather had six or seven daughters, and\nthey all lived in Atlanta. They all lived in Atlanta.\n\nCRISTOL: The Krick family has been around for a long time.\n\nKRICK: This was the Levin, the Levins. The Krick group moved back... his ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/40199/file/111841#t=3120.0,3150.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/40199/file/111841/transcript/25483/annotation/106","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"uncle\nmoved. Edward's uncle moved to Baltimore, and his family really are all in\nBaltimore now.\n\nCRISTOL: What kind of business was the family in?\n\nKRICK: They were in the grocery business. Grandpa Krick, when I knew him, was an\nold man. He was retired at that time. He was a shochet. Grandpa Levin was also\nretired by the time I knew him, ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/40199/file/111841#t=3150.0,3180.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/40199/file/111841/transcript/25483/annotation/107","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"but he used to run a little grocery store. My\nmother-in-law's... I never knew my father-in-law. He was already dead. He died\nas a young man. When he died... I don't know. I don't remember whether my\nfather-in-law was in the grocery business and my mother-in-law took it over, or\nwhether she went into the business after he died.\n\nCRISTOL: She was in a business when you knew her?\n\nKRICK: She was in the business... No, she was already retired. What happened was\nthat she went into the business, and ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/40199/file/111841#t=3180.0,3210.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/40199/file/111841/transcript/25483/annotation/108","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"both her sons helped her out. They went\ninto the business themselves.\n\nCRISTOL: How many children were in your husband's family?\n\nKRICK: Just the two of them.\n\nCRISTOL: The two boys.\n\nKRICK: Two boys. One of them is now retired and living in Florida, Fort Lauderdale.\n\nCRISTOL: Is your husband still working?\n\nKRICK: Yes.\n\nCRISTOL: He's still running...\n\nKRICK: Yes. Now he's in real estate, in real estate work.\n\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/40199/file/111841#t=3210.0,3240.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/40199/file/111841/transcript/25483/annotation/109","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"CRISTOL: How long has he been doing that?\n\nKRICK: It's been about, I guess, about 15 years.\n\nCRISTOL: His family was involved with Shearith Israel from the very beginning almost?\n\nKRICK: No, Grandpa Krick was a member of the AA [Ahavath Achim]. AA used to be\non Washington Street. They lived on Washington Street, but Grandpa Levin was a\nmember of Shearith Israel. Edward grew up in Shearith Israel. His father died\nbefore he was 13, so he used to go to shul to say Kaddish. He was bar mitzvahed\nthere, ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/40199/file/111841#t=3240.0,3270.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/40199/file/111841/transcript/25483/annotation/110","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and he really grew up... been very active in Shearith Israel.\n\nCRISTOL: You inherited it...\n\nKRICK: I inherited it.\n\nCRISTOL: ...when you got married.\n\nKRICK: Yes.\n\nCRISTOL: You came to Atlanta in the late 1930's. In the 50 years you've been\nhere, you've seen a lot of changes. How would you describe the changes in the\nJewish community?\n\nKRICK: The Jewish community has really... ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/40199/file/111841#t=3270.0,3300.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/40199/file/111841/transcript/25483/annotation/111","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"You really have seen a tremendous\nchange there. When I came it was like being the tail end of the philanthropy the\nReform Jews... the German-Jewish were showing to the immigrant Jews. They were\nanxious to help them become adjusted, to become acclimated, and to raise their\nlevel of ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/40199/file/111841#t=3300.0,3330.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/40199/file/111841/transcript/25483/annotation/112","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"economic position. There was, at that time, a real schism between the\nGerman-Jewish element, the East European Jewish element, and the Sephardic\nJewish element. The Sephardic Jewish element was really isolated, much smaller,\nand they did not mix ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/40199/file/111841#t=3330.0,3360.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/40199/file/111841/transcript/25483/annotation/113","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"in the community. They did not necessarily... because of\ntheir desire, but because the community just... well, they were a very\nclose-knit community. Whenever they had a simcha, the whole Sephardic community\nwas involved. Whenever they had a tragedy, the whole community was involved. My\ndentist is Sidney Tourial. One day we were talking, and he said something about\nhis wife. His wife is...\n\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/40199/file/111841#t=3360.0,3390.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/40199/file/111841/transcript/25483/annotation/114","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"CRISTOL: ...Gershon.\n\nKRICK: ...Gershon. He said, \"You know, we're intermarried,\" because he's\nSephardic and she's Ashkenazic. That's the way it was looked upon. It was looked\nupon as though it was a... but really, it was the [Jewish] Welfare Fund that was\nthe melting pot for the Jewish community. You really see that this was the way\nthe Sephardic community was drawn into the Jewish community.\n\nCRISTOL: By contributing?\n\nKRICK: By working together. Not necessarily contributing, because they were\ngenerally a very ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/40199/file/111841#t=3390.0,3420.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/40199/file/111841/transcript/25483/annotation/115","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"poor group of people in those days. Not now, but in those days,\nthey were really very. . . they were down on the lower end of the money scale.\nThere was... it was the sense of the intermarriage also between the\nGerman-Jewish community and the Ashkenazi and the AA.\n\nCRISTOL: The Temple and the AA.\n\nKRICK: Yes.\n\nCRISTOL: Where did Shearith Israel fit in, more toward...\n\nKRICK: The history of Shearith Israel is very interesting. Shearith Israel was\nreally part of ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/40199/file/111841#t=3420.0,3450.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/40199/file/111841/transcript/25483/annotation/116","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"AA originally. They were a break-away from the AA because they\nfelt that AA was not Orthodox enough. In the early days at Shearith Israel, you\ncould not approach the...\n\nCRISTOL: Rabbi?\n\nKRICK: ...bimah if you were not shomer Shabbas, if you were not a Sabbath\nobserver. Ain't that way any longer.\n\nCRISTOL: AA also started as an Orthodox...\n\nKRICK: They started as an Orthodox congregation, but where Shearith Israel was\nconcerned, it was not Orthodox enough. Just like the Torah Day School doesn't\nfeel that ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/40199/file/111841#t=3450.0,3480.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/40199/file/111841/transcript/25483/annotation/117","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"the Hebrew Academy is Orthodox enough. There's always an element that\nfeels the need for more rigid control. That was how Shearith Israel was\norganized originally. You see a whole melding of all the elements of the\ncommunity today, Sephardic and...\n\nCRISTOL: There's melding but there's still feelings of uniqueness in the pockets.\n\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/40199/file/111841#t=3480.0,3510.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/40199/file/111841/transcript/25483/annotation/118","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"KRICK: Yes. I think so. I think that the German... One day they had a panel\ndiscussion. They had members of the German-Jewish community, descendants of the\nGerman [unintelligible] and the Ashkenazi and the Sephardic.\n\nCRISTOL: Where was this?\n\nKRICK: It was held at the Historical Society. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/40199/file/111841#t=3510.0,3540.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/40199/file/111841/transcript/25483/annotation/119","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"One woman was telling about her...\nThey were asking them had they ever experienced antisemitism and how did they\ncope with it. She said that she had never experienced it personally herself, I\nguess because she didn't really feel a sense of Jewishness. She didn't feel a\nsense of difference. She dressed in the same way that everybody else dressed,\nand she accepted the fact that she went to services on Shabbos, but she went...\n\nCRISTOL: This is a Temple member?\n\nKRICK: This is a Temple member. What she said ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/40199/file/111841#t=3540.0,3570.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/40199/file/111841/transcript/25483/annotation/120","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"was that her children all married\nout of the faith. She really regretted it. There was such a... I really felt a\npang to hear her talk that way. She said she wished that they had lived\ndifferently and felt a closer sense of identification to their Jewishness. She\nwas really very troubled that her children had married out of the faith and were\nprobably lost to Judaism.\n\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/40199/file/111841#t=3570.0,3600.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/40199/file/111841/transcript/25483/annotation/121","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"CRISTOL: What I have seen a little bit is that even the Reform movement is\ncoming closer to traditional...\n\nKRICK: ...becoming traditional. Absolutely.\n\nCRISTOL: A lot of them probably feel very much like this lady did.\n\nKRICK: Yes. I'll tell you an interesting anecdote. One of the teachers at the\nHebrew Academy was a German Jewess, and her daughter went into the rabbinate.\nWhen she was married... She lived on the West Coast when she was married...\n\nCRISTOL: The daughter?\n\nKRICK: The daughter. She came back to The Temple to be married. They had ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/40199/file/111841#t=3600.0,3630.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/40199/file/111841/transcript/25483/annotation/122","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"a\nchuppah. The parents of the bride and the groom, both, escorted their children\nup to the chuppah and they stood around the chuppah. They didn't sit in the\naudience. They chanted the Sheva B'rachot both in Hebrew and in English. They\nbroke the glass. They wore tallisim.\n\nCRISTOL: At The Temple on Peachtree?\n\nKRICK: At The Temple. When I went through the receiving line, I said to the\ngirl, \"You know, I couldn't really make up my mind whether I was at The Temple\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/40199/file/111841#t=3630.0,3660.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/40199/file/111841/transcript/25483/annotation/123","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"or Shearith Israel for a while there.\" She threw her arms around me-- this is a\nrabbi now-- and she said, \"Bless you. That's exactly what I wanted to achieve.\"\n\nCRISTOL: That's interesting. I've seen, at bar mitzvahs and things that I've\nbeen to, very much in Hebrew. Doing the interviews, people talk about when Rabbi\n[David] Marx was here where you weren't allowed to wear a yarmulke. They didn't\nhave bar mitzvahs.\n\nKRICK: That's right.\n\nCRISTOL: Yes, things are definitely changing now. How did you feel living in\nAtlanta, first single, and then as a young married? Did you feel antisemitism?\n\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/40199/file/111841#t=3660.0,3690.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/40199/file/111841/transcript/25483/annotation/124","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"KRICK: No. I not only lived in a Jewish community, but I was connected with a\nJewish agency in my work, and in my social...\n\nCRISTOL: You really didn't venture out much beyond the Jewish...\n\nKRICK: Not really. There really wasn't that much opportunity.\n\nCRISTOL: Where did you live when you were first married?\n\nKRICK: We lived on the corner of Monroe Drive and...\n\nCRISTOL: ...Tenth Street?\n\nKRICK: ...and Tenth Street. There were a number of Jewish people that lived\nthere. I don't know if there were any non-Jew... but if they were, we didn't pay\nany attention to them.\n\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/40199/file/111841#t=3690.0,3720.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/40199/file/111841/transcript/25483/annotation/125","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"CRISTOL: What did you do...\n\nKRICK: We lived on Washington Street for a while, during the war years. Housing\nwas kind of... we lived diagonally across the street from my in-laws, in a\nlittle cottage. After that, we built this house.\n\nCRISTOL: You've been here a long time.\n\nKRICK: Yes, we have, over 40 years.\n\nCRISTOL: Your husband was in World War [II]...\n\nKRICK: No, he was exempt.\n\nCRISTOL: Because you were married?\n\nKRICK: We were married and had children. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/40199/file/111841#t=3720.0,3750.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/40199/file/111841/transcript/25483/annotation/126","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"It was a fluke, but fortunately, it was\na very fortunate fluke. He was exempt.\n\nCRISTOL: What did you do for a social life? I know, there were a lot of Jewish\nclubs at that time.\n\nKRICK: Actually, I think we were members of the Progressive Club, but we rarely\nwent. We went during the summertime. We'd take the children swimming on Sunday\nafternoon. Neither Edward nor I was interested in that kind of a social life.\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/40199/file/111841#t=3750.0,3780.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/40199/file/111841/transcript/25483/annotation/127","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Mainly personal friends that we'd get together with. We'd go to the concerts.\nWe'd go to theatre.\n\nCRISTOL: The synagogue?\n\nKRICK: The synagogue, yes, that takes up a lot of our time. Edward is forever at\none meeting or another. On one occasion when I couldn't think of what to get him\nfor his birthday, I said, \"Edward, what shall I get you for your birthday? Shall\nI buy you a meeting?\"\n\nCRISTOL: He said, \"Just what I wanted.\" Cute. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/40199/file/111841#t=3780.0,3810.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/40199/file/111841/transcript/25483/annotation/128","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"You have had a very full and\nwonderful life in Atlanta.\n\nKRICK: Yes, absolutely.\n\nCRISTOL: Of all the things you've been involved in, is there one that is more\nnear and dear to your heart than others?\n\nKRICK: I guess my experience at the Hebrew Academy. When I retired, that's what\nthe teachers put together for me.\n\nCRISTOL: This is a quilt.\n\nKRICK: A friendship quilt.\n\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/40199/file/111841#t=3810.0,3840.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/40199/file/111841/transcript/25483/annotation/129","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"CRISTOL: I wish the tape could see this. Next time I come, I'm going to bring a\ncamera and see if I can't take a picture of this. Each class...\n\nKRICK: No, each teacher. This is...\n\nCRISTOL: Each teacher did one.\n\nKRICK: I have other things from the classes, but each teacher did a different square.\n\nCRISTOL: You said you were there 29 years?\n\nKRICK: Yes.\n\nCRISTOL: Altogether, some as a teacher and some as an administrator. You were\ndealing with second generation, ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/40199/file/111841#t=3840.0,3870.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/40199/file/111841/transcript/25483/annotation/130","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"the children of the children?\n\nKRICK: Yes. Something interesting about the Hebrew Academy was that we had a\nnumber of graduates who came back to teach.\n\nCRISTOL: I didn't realize that.\n\nKRICK: Yes.\n\nCRISTOL: They have not found a replacement for Dr. [Ephraim] Frankel yet, have they?\n\nKRICK: No. He's just left.\n\nCRISTOL: They have a search committee?\n\nKRICK: He left in mid... yes, they have a search committee. Before he left, they\nhad two part-time administrative assistants. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/40199/file/111841#t=3870.0,3900.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/40199/file/111841/transcript/25483/annotation/131","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"They had head-mistresses, if you\nwant to call them that, one for the Judaic Department and one for the...\n\nCRISTOL: Secular?\n\nKRICK: . . Secular. He was on sabbatical for about three months, so that they were...\n\nCRISTOL: Really running the school.\n\nKRICK: ...running the school while he was gone, so they had that experience. The\nBoard feels quite comfortable with having them as caretaker people until such\ntime as they find ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/40199/file/111841#t=3900.0,3930.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/40199/file/111841/transcript/25483/annotation/132","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"a...One of them, I understand, is applying for the job.\n\nCRISTOL: You retired how many years ago?\n\nKRICK: In 1983.\n\nCRISTOL: In 1983. You had some Soviet children there all along?\n\nKRICK: Yes. We had... the first wave that came through, remember?\n\nCRISTOL: Ten years ago or 12 years ago.\n\nKRICK: Yes. It was very difficult. It was very difficult for these children. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/40199/file/111841#t=3930.0,3960.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/40199/file/111841/transcript/25483/annotation/133","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"We\nhad all of them, all of the Soviet children whose parents consented to send them\nthere. They were funneled there, but not all of them agreed to send their\nchildren to... It was very difficult because it was a question of\ntransportation, for one thing. None of the children spoke English, so they had\nto learn English and they had to learn Hebrew. It was very hard for them.\n\nCRISTOL: What do you do for the child who comes in maybe at third or fourth\ngrade with no... who moves in from out of town or [unintelligible]\n\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/40199/file/111841#t=3960.0,3990.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/40199/file/111841/transcript/25483/annotation/134","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"KRICK: Now they have a Special Ed program, English as a Second Language program\nfor them. Although they did then too, but they took them out for periods of time to...\n\nCRISTOL: Teach them the language.\n\nKRICK: ...teach them the language. I think that where the Hebrew was concerned,\nthey put them in the first grade so they could get started, along with the first\ngrade. [That] made it very hard for them from a social standpoint and\nacademically. Some of them flourished and did very well by the time they were\nlittle. The smaller they were, ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/40199/file/111841#t=3990.0,4020.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/40199/file/111841/transcript/25483/annotation/135","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"the easier it was for them to adjust.\n\nCRISTOL: What about an American child, an English-speaking child who comes to\nthe Academy in third, fourth, or fifth grade, who hasn't had the day school\nbackground? What do they do?\n\nKRICK: They had a ulpan program going so that those children were put into the\nulpan. Before the ulpan, we really had a terrible time. If they were fourth\ngrade... for a while, we tried to discourage such ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/40199/file/111841#t=4020.0,4050.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/40199/file/111841/transcript/25483/annotation/136","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"children because we felt that\nit would really be a burden. Sometimes parents really wanted their children to\nbe in that kind of environment. A lot of times they came from a very small\ncommunity where there was no opportunity for them to learn. That's one of the\nreasons they would move to Atlanta. They really wanted their children to be in\nan environment where they could become conversant with their Judaism and with\ntheir [unintelligible].\n\nCRISTOL: They do try to make provisions for...\n\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/40199/file/111841#t=4050.0,4080.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/40199/file/111841/transcript/25483/annotation/137","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"KRICK: They try to make provisions. Now they do have an ulpan program for\nchildren who don't have a background.\n\nCRISTOL: Of course education is changing, but do you feel like academics are\npushed at too early an age? Do you think that children are capable of being\npushed? What are your philosophies there?\n\nKRICK: They try very hard at the Hebrew Academy not to push children beyond\ntheir capability. They try very hard to recognize ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/40199/file/111841#t=4080.0,4110.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/40199/file/111841/transcript/25483/annotation/138","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"the developmental level of\nmost of the children and to not exceed that level. However, where there's a\nchild that is gifted and really can move ahead, they have a program for such\nchildren. They have a teacher who deals with gifted children, so that these\nchildren are given an opportunity to advance...\n\nCRISTOL: ...to go beyond.\n\nKRICK: Yes.\n\nCRISTOL: How about the preschoolers? ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/40199/file/111841#t=4110.0,4140.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/40199/file/111841/transcript/25483/annotation/139","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Do you feel they learn? Their minds are\nlike little sponges. Do you feel like a preschool program should be academic?\nNot academic? How do you feel about that?\n\nKRICK: Same way. I think that...\n\nCRISTOL: ...depends on the child.\n\nKRICK: You provide what is developmentally sound for the norm of that age group.\nIf there are children that can move ahead, we try not to hold them back because\nthey become bored. They develop a distaste for this kid stuff. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/40199/file/111841#t=4140.0,4170.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/40199/file/111841/transcript/25483/annotation/140","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"It becomes a real\nproblem. It really does, because you have to see how much you can individualize.\n\nCRISTOL: It's a pretty demanding curriculum.\n\nKRICK: It's a very demanding curriculum. It really is. Most of the children\nseem... that we've had. There are relatively few children that have flunked out,\nso to speak.\n\nCRISTOL: Have you had situations where you've had to counsel the parents and\nsay, maybe this is not the best?\n\nKRICK: We do that. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/40199/file/111841#t=4170.0,4200.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/40199/file/111841/transcript/25483/annotation/141","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"We show them test scores. However, if a parent is really keen\non keeping a child, there comes a point where if a child becomes that frustrated\nand recognizes that he or she is not doing as well as the other children, it\nbegins to affect him personally, on a personality level. We try to point that\nout to the parents. After that, it's up to them. If they still insist, ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/40199/file/111841#t=4200.0,4230.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/40199/file/111841/transcript/25483/annotation/142","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"we're not\ngoing to throw the kid out. We will try to help them to understand that maybe\nthe kid needs a little more time to mature, and then we can pick it up again, or...\n\nCRISTOL: Do you have some remedial programs also in addition to the...\n\nKRICK: Yes, we do.\n\nCRISTOL: Why did you decide to retire? You're still so young, energetic, and\nvivacious. You've got so many wonderful years left.\n\nKRICK: I'll tell you. You get to a point where you've had it up to here. There\nare always frustrations. There always are. I said to myself, ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/40199/file/111841#t=4230.0,4260.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/40199/file/111841/transcript/25483/annotation/143","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I've still got my\nhealth. I've still got my energy and my mind. I've still got my mind. Let me\nquit while I'm ahead of the game. Don't let me get to the point where I become a\nfuddy-duddy, where I become a drag on the agency, and where I become a drag to\nmyself. You have to recognize sometimes that it's a good time to let somebody\nelse pick up the ball.\n\nCRISTOL: Have they called you back to sub or to...\n\nKRICK: I made it clear that I wasn't interested.\n\nCRISTOL: Not going to do that. When it was over, it was over.\n\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/40199/file/111841#t=4260.0,4290.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/40199/file/111841/transcript/25483/annotation/144","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"KRICK: Yes. I did do some remediation for a while, very little, but I did.\n\nCRISTOL: We're going to stop here today. I have had you talking for a long time,\nand we'll continue next time.\n\nCRISTOL: This is Ronni Cristol interviewing Gertrude Krick on Wednesday, August\n22, for the Jewish Oral History Project of Atlanta, co-sponsored by the American\nJewish Committee, the Atlanta Jewish Federation, and National Council of Jewish Women.\n\nCRISTOL: Mrs. Krick, in going over the tapes and ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/40199/file/111841#t=4290.0,4320.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/40199/file/111841/transcript/25483/annotation/145","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"listening to all the\ninformation, I realized there were a few things that we didn't touch on. I've\nmade a list of questions and anything you want to add, we'll give you your\nchance to add it in too. We talked a little bit about your coming to Atlanta and\nmeeting your husband very shortly after you arrived here. You got married in\n1940. Did you get married in Atlanta or in New York?\n\nKRICK: We were married in New York. It was a home wedding, as a matter of fact.\nWe were married at my mother's apartment. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/40199/file/111841#t=4320.0,4350.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/40199/file/111841/transcript/25483/annotation/146","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"My mother, my grandmother, and my\nsister did all of the food preparation. There were five rabbis who married us.\n\nCRISTOL: I thought being from such a religious family that you would have a...\nAll in your home?\n\nKRICK: All in our home. There are weddings and weddings. I remember I had to\ncarry a candle, and circle the groom...\n\nCRISTOL: ...seven times.\n\nKRICK: ...seven times. Not everybody does it ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/40199/file/111841#t=4350.0,4380.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/40199/file/111841/transcript/25483/annotation/147","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"seven times. Some of them do it\nfive times, some of them do it three times. We did it seven times.\n\nCRISTOL: Tell me... I've forgotten the significance of the seven.\n\nKRICK: I'm not sure that I remember it either, but seven is a very significant\nnumber in Jewish life: the seven days of creation. There are many symbolisms\nwith the number seven.\n\nCRISTOL: All the rabbis ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/40199/file/111841#t=4380.0,4410.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/40199/file/111841/transcript/25483/annotation/148","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"gave blessings?\n\nKRICK: They all participated in one way or another. I don't know if they all\ngave blessings or not, but they all had a part to play in the ceremony.\n\nCRISTOL: Was your father still alive at this time?\n\nKRICK: Yes. My parents and my grandmother were still living at the time that we\nwere married.\n\nCRISTOL: Did they carry you around in the chairs?\n\nKRICK: There wasn't enough room for that. There really wasn't enough room for\nthat. Had there been, I'm sure that we would have been. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/40199/file/111841#t=4410.0,4440.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/40199/file/111841/transcript/25483/annotation/149","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"It was a small wedding.\nEdward's family is a very small family. It was just his mother and his brother\nwho came up for the wedding. He had a number of aunts living here and some\ncousins, but this was post-Depression years, and it was just...\n\nCRISTOL: People didn't have the money.\n\nKRICK: They didn't have the money. We traveled by train in those days.\n\nCRISTOL: Where did you go on your honeymoon?\n\nKRICK: We stayed in New York. We did the ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/40199/file/111841#t=4440.0,4470.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/40199/file/111841/transcript/25483/annotation/150","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"theater circuit, all the plays, and shows.\n\nCRISTOL: Then you moved back to Atlanta?\n\nKRICK: We moved back to Atlanta. We lived on what was then Monroe Drive. It's\nnow Charles Allen Drive. We lived right on the corner of Monroe Drive and Tenth\nStreet, right opposite Piedmont Park.\n\nCRISTOL: A house or an apartment?\n\nKRICK: It was an apartment. It's now condominiums, but we lived in an apartment\nthere. There was a big courtyard, ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/40199/file/111841#t=4470.0,4500.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/40199/file/111841/transcript/25483/annotation/151","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and the apartments were all off the courtyard\nin the center.\n\nCRISTOL: You lived there for how many...\n\nKRICK: Elliott was born there. I was already pregnant with Rosalyn when we\nmoved. It was a one-bedroom apartment. It was essential for us to move.\n\nCRISTOL: You ran out of space. You lived in one other house before you built\nthis one, is that right?\n\nKRICK: We did. There was a cottage that was near the corner of Georgia Avenue\nand ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/40199/file/111841#t=4500.0,4530.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/40199/file/111841/transcript/25483/annotation/152","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Washington Street. What was the name of the other street? There was another\nstreet in between. Crew Street, I think. I'm not sure. I can't remember the name\nof the street. It's third base in the [Atlanta-Fulton County] Stadium now.\nThat's where...The house was torn down.\n\nCRISTOL: That was a predominantly Jewish area at that time?\n\nKRICK: Yes. Shearith Israel was on that block, and the AA was a little further\nup. Years before that, I think Or VeShalom was on Pryor Street. It was a\nJewish... ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/40199/file/111841#t=4530.0,4560.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/40199/file/111841/transcript/25483/annotation/153","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"it had been a German-Jewish community.\n\nCRISTOL: And they all started moving.\n\nKRICK: They moved out.\n\nCRISTOL: Toward Morningside was it?\n\nKRICK: No, they moved out to the Druid Hills area, many of them.\n\nCRISTOL: When you built this house did you pick this area because you knew\npeople who lived here, or because a lot of...\n\nKRICK: We picked this area because Morningside School was nearby, and because\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/40199/file/111841#t=4560.0,4590.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/40199/file/111841/transcript/25483/annotation/154","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Shearith Israel was building an adjunct [building] which became the main\nsanctuary. They were building an adjunct on University Drive. We wanted to be\nnear the synagogue. That was why we selected this area.\n\nCRISTOL: You said that you went back to work when your daughter was about 10 or\n11. What did you do while you were home with them?\n\nKRICK: I was active in PTA at school. I was involved ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/40199/file/111841#t=4590.0,4620.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/40199/file/111841/transcript/25483/annotation/155","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"with Pioneer Women in those years.\n\nCRISTOL: You kept your volunteerism going?\n\nKRICK: Yes.\n\nCRISTOL: Your son was already in school. Did they go to public school? Did they\ngo to Morningside?\n\nKRICK: They went. Yes. They started... When we were on Washington Street, they\nstarted in James L. Key School. Rosalyn started first grade here, ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/40199/file/111841#t=4620.0,4650.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/40199/file/111841/transcript/25483/annotation/156","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"but Elliott\nwas already in the third grade, I think, when we came here. She went to the\nkindergarten down at James L. Key, and when we moved here, she went into the\nfirst grade at Morningside School.\n\nCRISTOL: Did you find it hard, like so many women do today, once you started\nback to work, to juggle it all? You seem to have gotten everything going so well.\n\nKRICK: No, I didn't really. I was a workaholic. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/40199/file/111841#t=4650.0,4680.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/40199/file/111841/transcript/25483/annotation/157","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"My daughter, particularly,\nresented my working when I first got back into it because I went into it 'hammer\nand tongs.'. There was one year that I worked two sessions at the Hebrew\nAcademy, and that was a disaster. I never did that again.\n\nCRISTOL: Two? You mean split sessions?\n\nKRICK: The day was divided for the children between the general studies and the\nJudaic studies. Most of the teachers who were there full-time were the Hebrew\nteachers because they were imported. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/40199/file/111841#t=4680.0,4710.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/40199/file/111841/transcript/25483/annotation/158","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"We didn't have that many people locally\nthat were qualified. We always had to import people from up North, New York,\nChicago, or Israel. These were the people that worked full-time. They worked a\nhalf-day in one class for one session. They used to stagger it so that if they\nhad the general studies in the morning, they had the Hebrew studies in the\nafternoon. Then another class would have the Hebrew studies in the morning and\nthe general studies in the afternoon. So that the Hebrew teachers could...\n\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/40199/file/111841#t=4710.0,4740.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/40199/file/111841/transcript/25483/annotation/159","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"CRISTOL: ...get everybody in.\n\nKRICK: ...get everybody in. They could work mornings and afternoons.\n\nCRISTOL: How is it set up now?\n\nKRICK: It's a little different now, although I imagine that the same thing would\nhave to prevail. If somebody is employed a full day, there's no other way that\nthey can work. They can't take just afternoon classes. If they had the Hebrew\nclasses all in the afternoon, let's say, there would be no way that they could\nteach all day.\n\nCRISTOL: And they couldn't get them all in.\n\nKRICK: They couldn't get them all. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/40199/file/111841#t=4740.0,4770.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/40199/file/111841/transcript/25483/annotation/160","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"They almost have to stagger it so that some\npeople have the general studies in the morning. If a person is full-time now...\nthere was a time when all the general studies teachers would serve a half day\nbecause most of them were women. Their husbands were employed and they really\nworked as an adjunct. Either it was because they wanted to work, didn't need to,\nbut wanted to0. If they needed to, they didn't need it that badly ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/40199/file/111841#t=4770.0,4800.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/40199/file/111841/transcript/25483/annotation/161","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that it would\nrequire full-time work. It was very difficult working full-time there because\nyou're dealing with two classes, two whole classes, and it's a whole different\ncurriculum. You might be teaching third grade for one session and fifth grade...\n\nCRISTOL: ... for another.\n\nKRICK: Now they have several sections of the same grade, so that a teacher can\nstill remain in the same...\n\nCRISTOL: ...same grade.\n\nKRICK: And use a similar curriculum for it [unintelligible].\n\nCRISTOL: They do ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/40199/file/111841#t=4800.0,4830.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/40199/file/111841/transcript/25483/annotation/162","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"have some part-time teachers now, or is it just...\n\nKRICK: They have some part-time teachers, but more and more of the teachers want\nfull-time work. They are providing that opportunity for them.\n\nCRISTOL: You said your daughter resented it a little bit. Did she come right out\nand tell you that?\n\nKRICK: She didn't say it at the time, but it came out later.\n\nCRISTOL: One time I interviewed a lady and she said she never realized it until\nyears later when her children told her how much they resented all of her\nvolunteering. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/40199/file/111841#t=4830.0,4860.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/40199/file/111841/transcript/25483/annotation/163","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Did your children ever...\n\nKRICK: I don't think the volunteering was as bad as the teaching, particularly\nthe one year that I taught full-time. That was really bad, because I was forever\ngrading papers or on the phone with parents.\n\nCRISTOL: Even when you were home, you weren't really giving her your attention.\n\nKRICK: That's right.\n\nCRISTOL: That seemed to settle down a little bit after you reduced your load a\nlittle bit.\n\nKRICK: Most of the time I had been working a ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/40199/file/111841#t=4860.0,4890.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/40199/file/111841/transcript/25483/annotation/164","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"half-day, but as I say, that one\nyear. I resolved never again. Until I went into administration and by that time,\nshe was already gone. She was gone to school and married.\n\nCRISTOL: I mentioned before we turned the tape on that I understood it was\nbecause of you that the Hebrew Academy got accredited. Tell me a little bit\nabout that process.\n\nKRICK: That's somewhat of an exaggeration. I did put in a great deal of work.\nWhat happened was that...\n\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/40199/file/111841#t=4890.0,4920.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/40199/file/111841/transcript/25483/annotation/165","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"KRICK: ... worked for CDC, and he was into audiovisual education there, went all\nover the world for the CDC.\n\nCRISTOL: The father of...\n\nKRICK: The father of one of these students said he felt that it might be\nimportant ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/40199/file/111841#t=4920.0,4950.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/40199/file/111841/transcript/25483/annotation/166","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"for us to get involved with an accreditation process because he wanted\nto make sure that his kid got into an approved high school.\n\nCRISTOL: High school and college.\n\nKRICK: It was a little too early for college admission, but it wouldn't hurt\nher. The director of the [Hebrew] Academy was Rabbi [Chaim] Feuerman and he\nwas... He went along with it ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/40199/file/111841#t=4950.0,4980.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/40199/file/111841/transcript/25483/annotation/167","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"very enthusiastically and we got started with it.\nWe had to have a consultant, and he really didn't know what we were doing for a\nlong time. The process took us three years altogether, but Dr. Frankel came in\nafter Rabbi Feuerman left, while we were in the middle of this thing. He had so\nmuch going on, to adjust to the school and to the community. For a while there\nhe really was not ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/40199/file/111841#t=4980.0,5010.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/40199/file/111841/transcript/25483/annotation/168","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"particularly enthusiastic about undertaking this...\n\nCRISTOL: One more thing.\n\nKRICK: ...one more thing. He felt that we really were doing a fine job to begin\nwith and what did we need it for. As time went on, he realized the importance of\nit. He did give it his wholehearted support. This involved a long, drawn out\nprocess. Every teacher was given a certain assignment to do. The study involved\na complete ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/40199/file/111841#t=5010.0,5040.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/40199/file/111841/transcript/25483/annotation/169","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"history of what was going on in the school that we had to record,\nfrom the physical plant-- its strengths and its weaknesses-- to the minutest\ndetail of the classroom.\n\nCRISTOL: Teaching and what was going on.\n\nKRICK: Teaching, the number of children per teacher, the curriculum, the\nachievement scores of the children, and how well they were doing ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/40199/file/111841#t=5040.0,5070.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/40199/file/111841/transcript/25483/annotation/170","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and\nprogressing. Each teacher had a responsibility. Then I had to edit it. I had to\nwrite part of it because in those days I was still teaching. I was not yet in administration.\n\nCRISTOL: When was this?\n\nKRICK: This was in...\n\nCRISTOL: The Academy started in the 1950's.\n\nKRICK: In 1953. This was... We were already in the North Druid Hills building\nwhen we started the project. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/40199/file/111841#t=5070.0,5100.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/40199/file/111841/transcript/25483/annotation/171","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"It was in the early 1970's, I guess.\n\nCRISTOL: The Academy had been around for a long time...\n\nKRICK: Yes, the Academy had been around for quite a while.\n\nCRISTOL: ...before this.\n\nKRICK: Not only did I have to write up some of the areas, but I edited...\n\nCRISTOL: The whole thing.\n\nKRICK: ...the thing, [and] went over all of the teachers' materials. I had to do\nsome rewriting sometimes or handed it back to them for rewriting. I was\nresponsible for ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/40199/file/111841#t=5100.0,5130.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/40199/file/111841/transcript/25483/annotation/172","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"seeing that it went to press. The individual who was the\npresident of the Hebrew Academy in those days was Henry Birnbrey. He was good\nenough to lend us his secretarial staff. They typed it up. I had to proof it\nwhile it was being typed up, before it was sent to the binders to be put\ntogether. The process took us three years to do. When we finally ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/40199/file/111841#t=5130.0,5160.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/40199/file/111841/transcript/25483/annotation/173","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"had the\nvisiting committee come...\n\nCRISTOL: From the State Department?\n\nKRICK: No, this is not the State Department. This was the Southern Association\nof Colleges and Schools. It's a regional accrediting agency which at that point\nhad only very recently incorporated ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/40199/file/111841#t=5160.0,5190.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/40199/file/111841/transcript/25483/annotation/174","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"elementary school in their purview. Up until\nthat time it had just been colleges. I guess high schools, too. They called it\nthe Southern Association for Colleges and Schools because they had just recently\nincorporated the elementary.\n\nCRISTOL: They had to do an on-site visit?\n\nKRICK: They did an on-site visit. They visited the classrooms. We came through\nwith flying colors. There was a real problem because they didn't know what to do\nabout the Hebrew faculty. Many of the Hebrew faculty were real scholars in their\nown right, but they didn't have accreditation from a...\n\nCRISTOL: ...teaching accreditation.\n\nKRICK: That's right. They were not prepared. This was the first time ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/40199/file/111841#t=5190.0,5220.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/40199/file/111841/transcript/25483/annotation/175","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"they had\nencountered anything like this. They were not prepared to accredit a school\nbecause they didn't know anything about the Hebrew curriculum. There was no way\nthat they...\n\nCRISTOL: They didn't know what to do.\n\nKRICK: They didn't know what to do. They didn't know anything about the\nqualifications of the teachers. We brought the Bureau of Jewish Education into\nthe picture. We appealed the ruling. They finally did accredit us on the basis\nof... for instance, if you would get somebody from Emory, ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/40199/file/111841#t=5220.0,5250.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/40199/file/111841/transcript/25483/annotation/176","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"who is a specialist in\nscience to come and teach in our school. In order to teach at Emory, to be a\nprofessor at Emory, you don't have to have State certification as a teacher. All\nyou have to have is a PhD credential in your field. You have somebody like that\nthat's teaching in your school, are you going to deny the school accreditation\nbecause this guy doesn't have a state teacher's license? This is the basis on\nwhich they argued that these ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/40199/file/111841#t=5250.0,5280.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/40199/file/111841/transcript/25483/annotation/177","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Hebrew teachers, many of them were rabbis...\n\nCRISTOL: ...and scholars.\n\nKRICK: ...and scholars, really scholars. We were accredited. We opened the door.\nWe were the first elementary day school in the country to be accredited...\n\nCRISTOL: Really?\n\nKRICK: ...by a regional accrediting agency.\n\nCRISTOL: This set a precedent ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/40199/file/111841#t=5280.0,5310.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/40199/file/111841/transcript/25483/annotation/178","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"for other schools.\n\nKRICK: And for the Catholic schools as well.\n\nCRISTOL: They had not been accredited either?\n\nKRICK: No. I don't think they had ever applied. We opened the door for that,\ntoo. We really were pioneers in that regard.\n\nCRISTOL: What about the Judaic teachers that are hired now? That still holds true?\n\nKRICK: That still holds true. Very few of them have state certification. One or\ntwo of them might because they... I don't even know whether it was in their\nfield. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/40199/file/111841#t=5310.0,5340.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/40199/file/111841/transcript/25483/annotation/179","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"There is no state certification for a Hebrew program.\n\nCRISTOL: Do you think that the accreditation process made a difference...\n\nKRICK: Absolutely.\n\nCRISTOL: ...in terms of attracting parents to the school?\n\nKRICK: Absolutely. Yes. We became sort of like a Westminster [School] in the\neyes of the general public. We always did have a very fine...\n\nCRISTOL: Reputation.\n\nKRICK: ...reputation from the standpoint of general studies. As a matter of\nfact, our general studies program, ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/40199/file/111841#t=5340.0,5370.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/40199/file/111841/transcript/25483/annotation/180","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"to begin with, was superior to the Judaic\nprogram. It really was. It has changed now. They really are doing a fine job in\nboth departments. We always did have a very fine reputation for the general\nstudies. The interesting thing about the Hebrew Academy was the commitment on\nthe part of the faculty. These people were really gung-ho about the school, and they...\n\nCRISTOL: It took a lot of work to do.\n\nKRICK: It did.\n\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/40199/file/111841#t=5370.0,5400.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/40199/file/111841/transcript/25483/annotation/181","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"CRISTOL: Yes, don't you have people from the Southern...\n\nKRICK: Five years.\n\nCRISTOL: ...Yes, five-year plan.\n\nKRICK: Every five years, there is another. As a matter of fact, they are now\npreparing for a... I think that they're preparing for another ten-year study.\nEvery five years, they have an interim self-study, and every ten years they\nbegin all over again. They publish a set of standards that you need to fulfill\nin order to be accredited. You write up... I'm going to find, ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/40199/file/111841#t=5400.0,5430.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/40199/file/111841/transcript/25483/annotation/182","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"before you leave\nI'll find...\n\nCRISTOL: You have to have a response to every standard?\n\nKRICK: You have to certify that you are meeting the standard. You do that by...\nan anecdotal record is what we did. Some of them do a sort of a checklist. We\nactually did an anecdotal record of what we actually did and how we felt it was\nmeeting the standard for that particular ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/40199/file/111841#t=5430.0,5460.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/40199/file/111841/transcript/25483/annotation/183","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"area. It covered every area of the\ncurriculum, the physical plant, and the teacher-pupil ratio.\n\nCRISTOL: I know Yeshiva High School is relatively new.\n\nKRICK: Yes.\n\nCRISTOL: Do you find a lot of your students from the Hebrew Academy going on to...\n\nKRICK: A number of them do. Originally, before Torah Day School appeared on the\nscene, those students ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/40199/file/111841#t=5460.0,5490.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/40199/file/111841/transcript/25483/annotation/184","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"who came from very observant homes almost automatically\nwent on into the Yeshiva High School. There were others as well who went on into\nYeshiva High School. Having been through the Hebrew Academy, their parents-- and\nsometimes the children too... Sometimes it is a social question because their\nfriends were going on ahead and they wanted to be with their friends. What is\ninteresting is that a number of very ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/40199/file/111841#t=5490.0,5520.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/40199/file/111841/transcript/25483/annotation/185","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"fine students who graduated from the Hebrew\nAcademy went on to public school and opted to come back to Yeshiva [High\nSchool]. I found that very interesting.\n\nCRISTOL: I remember reading different stories of kids who when they got in the\npublic schools, was more than they... or different than they wanted to be in...\n\nKRICK: Not more than, because.\n\nCRISTOL: No, in terms of the social pressures and that kind of thing, not the academics.\n\nKRICK: Social, not the academic, because we did... For the first self-study,\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/40199/file/111841#t=5520.0,5550.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/40199/file/111841/transcript/25483/annotation/186","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"what we did was to try to track the students who had graduated through the\nyears, up until that point, to find out how they had done in high school. We\nfound that those kids who were leaders and who were 'A' students at the [Hebrew]\nAcademy, were the leaders and 'A' students in their high schools. Those students\nthat did well at the Academy did well there. Sometimes the students that didn't\ndo so well at the Hebrew Academy ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/40199/file/111841#t=5550.0,5580.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/40199/file/111841/transcript/25483/annotation/187","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"did better in the high school. The program was\nso rigorous that by comparison, when they got to the high school, it was smooth\nsailing. It was very interesting.\n\nCRISTOL: Let's shift a little away from the [Hebrew] Academy now. One of the\nother questions that I had to ask you was about your husband's family's\nbusiness, the grocery store. I know he's in real estate now. When his father\ndied, before you met him... You said his father, his brother, and his mother ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/40199/file/111841#t=5580.0,5610.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/40199/file/111841/transcript/25483/annotation/188","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"ran\nthe family grocery store. Is that correct?\n\nKRICK: No, after his father died. Edward was not even bar mitzvahed at that\ntime. He was quite young. After he got through with high school, I guess. His\nmother was running the store. I guess his brother went in to help her. When...\n\nCRISTOL: He's older? The brother is older?\n\nKRICK: Yes. Irwin is older. Then Edward went in to help her. Irwin was... They\nused to help her anyway after school was out. When they finished high school,\nIrwin was married, ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/40199/file/111841#t=5610.0,5640.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/40199/file/111841/transcript/25483/annotation/189","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"left Atlanta, and moved down to Miami. Edward took over. By\nthat time his mother was already not doing very well. She retired from business\nand he took over from her.\n\nCRISTOL: He took it over. Your brother-in-law decided he was ready for a change\nfrom Atlanta?\n\nKRICK: He went into his wife's parents' business.\n\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/40199/file/111841#t=5640.0,5670.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/40199/file/111841/transcript/25483/annotation/190","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"CRISTOL: Where was the grocery store?\n\nKRICK: It was on Connally Street near... Was that Martin Luther King [Drive]?\nNo. Not Martin Luther [King Drive]. What is the name of that street across from\nwhere [unintelligible]? It's not in my memory right now, but there's a big\nschool there, a big elementary school. Morningside [Elementary School] is paired\nwith that school.\n\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/40199/file/111841#t=5670.0,5700.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/40199/file/111841/transcript/25483/annotation/191","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"CRISTOL: Is that a predominantly black area?\n\nKRICK: It is a black area, no question about that.\n\nCRISTOL: How about when he was running the store for all those years?\n\nKRICK: It was a black area.\n\nCRISTOL: Always was.\n\nKRICK: Yes.\n\nCRISTOL: That was a tough job.\n\nKRICK: Yes. Edward was kind of a social service agency...\n\nCRISTOL: ...of one.\n\nKRICK: ...of one. Wherever he worked, his customers loved him. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/40199/file/111841#t=5700.0,5730.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/40199/file/111841/transcript/25483/annotation/192","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"They really did.\nIt was a credit business. He would extend credit to them. He was very good to\nthem, and they were very supportive of him.\n\nCRISTOL: Was he active in the Associated Grocers [Co-op]?\n\nKRICK: Yes. He was one of the original members of the Associated Grocers [Co-op].\n\nCRISTOL: How did that start?\n\nKRICK: Let's see.\n\nCRISTOL: That's going back a long way.\n\nKRICK: Yes. Actually, his brother was... ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/40199/file/111841#t=5730.0,5760.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/40199/file/111841/transcript/25483/annotation/193","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Jack Maziar ran that place for many\nyears. When Jack retired, his brother Irwin Krick was in a managerial position\nat Associated Grocers [Co-op].\n\nCRISTOL: Was that a cooperative?\n\nKRICK: It was a cooperative of grocers. They would purchase merchandise and sell\nto the individual stores, very much like A\u0026P. They have... they find... They put\nthings under their own label. I think that there was a label. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/40199/file/111841#t=5760.0,5790.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/40199/file/111841/transcript/25483/annotation/194","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"There is a label,\nyes. I can't remember what it is... it could have been many years. They used to\nsell merchandise at a more reasonable price than they could get from any other wholesalers.\n\nCRISTOL: Were the Altermans involved in that?\n\nKRICK: The Altermans may have been originally involved with it, but they had\ntheir own association.\n\nCRISTOL: What made your husband finally decide to get out of the grocery business?\n\nKRICK: He had moved from Connally Street. He was then on Auburn Avenue. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/40199/file/111841#t=5790.0,5820.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/40199/file/111841/transcript/25483/annotation/195","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"He was\nheld up two or three times. I don't know whether you remember when there was a\nrash of robberies and mobs against the Jewish grocers.\n\nCRISTOL: No. In the 1960's?\n\nKRICK: No, it must have been later than that.\n\nCRISTOL: Targeted for the Jewish grocers?\n\nKRICK: Yes. As a matter of fact, Federation counseled ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/40199/file/111841#t=5820.0,5850.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/40199/file/111841/transcript/25483/annotation/196","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"with the grocers and urged\nthem to get out of the business.\n\nCRISTOL: I didn't know that.\n\nKRICK: There are very few Jewish grocers left in the city now.\n\nCRISTOL: Now they're targeting Orientals.\n\nKRICK: Now they're targeting the Koreans.\n\nCRISTOL: Was there any organized group behind it?\n\nKRICK: No. I don't know if there was an organized group behind it. It was a\nbacklash because they were successful. They were hard working. I think these\npeople ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/40199/file/111841#t=5850.0,5880.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/40199/file/111841/transcript/25483/annotation/197","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"felt that perhaps the community was... that they were getting rich...\n\nCRISTOL: Off of the community?\n\nKRICK: ...off of the community because they were-- most of them-- in the black\ncommunity. They had their little stores in the black community.\n\nCRISTOL: Is the store still there? Somebody else run it?\n\nKRICK: On Connally Street, I don't know. On Auburn Avenue, Edward gave all of\nthat property to the church, to Martin Luther King's church, as a tax write-off.\nI think they tore that down.\n\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/40199/file/111841#t=5880.0,5910.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/40199/file/111841/transcript/25483/annotation/198","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"CRISTOL: He immediately went into real estate?\n\nKRICK: Yes. He had been in it with Harry Glassman Insurance Company. He worked\nwith him for a while in real estate work. Then he became a broker on his own.\nNow he works for the Greenbaums.\n\nCRISTOL: Residential? Commercial?\n\nKRICK: No, it's all commercial.\n\nCRISTOL: He enjoys that?\n\nKRICK: Yes. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/40199/file/111841#t=5910.0,5940.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/40199/file/111841/transcript/25483/annotation/199","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"It's management more than anything else.\n\nCRISTOL: Buying and selling.\n\nKRICK: They own a lot of warehouses. It's renting of warehouse space. That's\nabout [unintelligible].\n\nCRISTOL: He's not ready to retire?\n\nKRICK: Every now and again he talks about it, but he's got a pretty cushy job, so...\n\nCRISTOL: It's probably better for you...\n\nKRICK: They don't want him to retire.\n\nCRISTOL: ... that he doesn't?\n\nKRICK: No. I don't know. He's active in so many things that he would stay busy.\nHe might be staying busy out of the house, ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/40199/file/111841#t=5940.0,5970.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/40199/file/111841/transcript/25483/annotation/200","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"but he would be staying busy, I'm sure.\n\nCRISTOL: Did he have the opportunity to go to college?\n\nKRICK: No, he didn't. His father died when he was a young boy. He did have the\nopportunity. His mother had said if he wanted to go that she would somehow\nmanage for him to go, but he felt that she really needed him. She was not well,\nand so he opted to...\n\nCRISTOL: This is a tough question. I don't want to put you on the spot. If you\ndon't want to answer it, it's fine. Did you have a good relationship with your mother-in-law?\n\nKRICK: We had a wonderful relationship.\n\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/40199/file/111841#t=5970.0,6000.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/40199/file/111841/transcript/25483/annotation/201","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"CRISTOL: Sometimes, raising your children, you get a little overly protective.\n\nKRICK: No, as a matter of fact, when she became really ill-- she died of\ncancer-- she came to live with us. This was her bedroom.\n\nCRISTOL: When did she die?\n\nKRICK: In the 1960's.\n\nCRISTOL: Again, let's change a little bit. We spent a lot of time talking about\nthe Hebrew Academy. We've talked about Shearith Israel indirectly. We haven't\nreally ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/40199/file/111841#t=6000.0,6030.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/40199/file/111841/transcript/25483/annotation/202","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"talked about the synagogue, the leaders, and the rabbis a whole lot. One\nof the interesting things about the project is to find out about the different\nsynagogues. You've been involved for so long. When you first got involved, who\nwas the rabbi? Was it Rabbi [Tobias] Geffen?\n\nKRICK: Rabbi Geffen was the senior rabbi. When I became involved, Rabbi Hyman\nFriedman was the junior rabbi, who came with the understanding that ultimately\nRabbi Geffen would become emeritus and that he would become the senior rabbi. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/40199/file/111841#t=6030.0,6060.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/40199/file/111841/transcript/25483/annotation/203","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I\ndon't know that that ever took place during his stay here, but he made a big\ndifference to the synagogue. He was a young man. His wife was a young woman.\nThey were both very energetic, ambitious, and wanted to do a lot. They organized\na Sunday school. As a matter of fact, one year I headed up the Sunday school.\n\nCRISTOL: They had not had one before then?\n\nKRICK: They didn't have an organized one. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/40199/file/111841#t=6060.0,6090.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/40199/file/111841/transcript/25483/annotation/204","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"They had a Hebrew... I don't even know\nwhether it was a formal Hebrew school. They used to teach the children. Rabbi\nGeffen did and his sons did. I really don't know whether they had an organized\none because...\n\nCRISTOL: It was kind of whoever showed up, maybe?\n\nKRICK: ...before I came, I don't know. I know that they had an organized Sunday\nschool after I came. I didn't know too much about... Yes, they did. Yes, they\ndid have an organized Hebrew school because that's where my children went. My\nchildren went to their ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/40199/file/111841#t=6090.0,6120.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/40199/file/111841/transcript/25483/annotation/205","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Hebrew school. Rabbi [Hyman] Friedman left after a while.\nThen we had a Rabbi [Arnold] Heisler who was here very briefly. After he left,\nwe had Rabbi [Sidney] Mossman. Rabbi Mossman made a big difference to the\nsynagogue too ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/40199/file/111841#t=6120.0,6150.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/40199/file/111841/transcript/25483/annotation/206","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"because he loved children. That was his forte, really. The\nchildren really gravitated to him. He was a tall guy. He really made his mark on\nthe... Steve Merlin today and Barbara Rosenblitt... I don't know whether you\nknow these people [unintelligible].\n\nCRISTOL: I know the name Steve Merlin.\n\nKRICK: [unintelligible]. They still talk about him with great affection and with\ngreat... loving memory.\n\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/40199/file/111841#t=6150.0,6180.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/40199/file/111841/transcript/25483/annotation/207","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"CRISTOL: He was here for a long time?\n\nKRICK: He was here for a pretty long time, and then he died. After he left, we\nhad Rabbi Donald Frieman and Rabbi [Nissim] Wernick. Rabbi Frieman was--\nFrieman, I think his name was-- here for about five years, and Rabbi Wernick was\nhere just for a year or two. That was kind of a disastrous experience for him\nand for us. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/40199/file/111841#t=6180.0,6210.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/40199/file/111841/transcript/25483/annotation/208","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Then Rabbi Marc Wilson came, and he was here for about ten years.\n\nCRISTOL: A little bit of a scandal.\n\nKRICK: Yes, unfortunately.\n\nCRISTOL: It was a scandal.\n\nKRICK: He was a charismatic personality, and he really put the synagogue on its\nfeet. He really did. The membership grew by leaps and bounds. He introduced all\nkinds of innovative programs and was able to activate a lot of interest and\nactivity -n the part of membership. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/40199/file/111841#t=6210.0,6240.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/40199/file/111841/transcript/25483/annotation/209","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"He introduced the Shabbat retreats. We would\ngo out to Unicoi [State Park and Lodge] and we'd have to bring all of our food\ntriple wrapped. Do you know Unicoi at all?\n\nCRISTOL: I know about it. I know Federation has a lot of training sessions up there.\n\nKRICK: Yes. They have lodges. They have several. There are cluster of lodges. We\noccupied a whole lodge. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/40199/file/111841#t=6240.0,6270.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/40199/file/111841/transcript/25483/annotation/210","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"On one occasion, at least, we overflowed into another\nlodge because we had so many people that came.\n\nCRISTOL: This is a family retreat kind of...\n\nKRICK: A family retreat, yes. The lodges have rooms, not elegant and no\ntelevision, but each room has a bathroom. It has a loft so the kids can sleep up\nin the loft, which is fun for them. In the core of the lodge is a common area\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/40199/file/111841#t=6270.0,6300.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/40199/file/111841/transcript/25483/annotation/211","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"with a fireplace, which is really very attractive, and in which we used to hold\nservices. This was in the Spring of the year and we didn't really need the fire,\nbut we would hold services there on Saturday. We would come on a late Friday\nafternoon and stay for Friday evening and all-day Saturday. We'd have lunch on\nSunday, and then depart from there, unless you wanted to stay, and you were\ngoing to go swimming or picnicking out there.\n\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/40199/file/111841#t=6300.0,6330.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/40199/file/111841/transcript/25483/annotation/212","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"CRISTOL: Do you think it was good to get the people out of Atlanta into a\ndifferent environment? Did you find it kind of refreshing?\n\nKRICK: It was wonderful. For one thing, you didn't have anything to distract\nyou. You didn't have to pick up and go home and come back. You were there. We\nwould have Friday night services. There would be a discussion group Friday\nnight. Saturday morning there would be services again. There would be lunch and\nwe would sing zemirot. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/40199/file/111841#t=6330.0,6360.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/40199/file/111841/transcript/25483/annotation/213","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"In the afternoon, they'd have a study session. If you\nwanted to take a walk or relax, you'd do that. In the evening, after supper,\nthey would have some kind of a program. They brought along guitars and they\nplayed music. They danced and we talked. We would have study groups. It was great.\n\nCRISTOL: He was here for ten years?\n\nKRICK: About ten years.\n\nCRISTOL: Where is he now?\n\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/40199/file/111841#t=6360.0,6390.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/40199/file/111841/transcript/25483/annotation/214","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"KRICK: He's in Charlotte [North Carolina].\n\nCRISTOL: Through all of these rabbis, through all the changes, you have stayed\nactive. You obviously had a great affection for Rabbi Wilson. Were there others\nthat you felt closer to?\n\nKRICK: Yes. We felt close to Rabbi Mossman, not in the same way that we did with\nRabbi Wilson. Now, Rabbi [Mark] Kunis is here, and we're enjoying ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/40199/file/111841#t=6390.0,6420.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/40199/file/111841/transcript/25483/annotation/215","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"his family a\nlot. His wife is really a special somebody. I've gotten kind of chummy with her.\n\nCRISTOL: You had said, when we were talking last time, that Shearith Israel was\nan offshoot of AA because AA was not religious enough.\n\nKRICK: Absolutely.\n\nCRISTOL: Tell me a little bit about the changes in Shearith Israel. It started\nout as extremely Orthodox, would you say?\n\nKRICK: It started as very Orthodox. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/40199/file/111841#t=6420.0,6450.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/40199/file/111841/transcript/25483/annotation/216","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"When they started out, I'm given to\nunderstand, no one was called for an aliyah who was not shomer Shabbat. Times\nhave changed.\n\nCRISTOL: You wouldn't have anybody up there.\n\nKRICK: We wouldn't have anybody up there. There would be a handful of people up\nthere by doing that [unintelligible]. It has changed. When we first moved, when\nwe first built the present structure, ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/40199/file/111841#t=6450.0,6480.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/40199/file/111841/transcript/25483/annotation/217","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"there was a... Rabbi Mossman was rabbi at\nthat time. He had a more liberal bent and would have liked to see us retreat\nfrom extreme Orthodoxy. He did not want us to have a mechitza, which is a\ndivision between men and women. When the sanctuary was built, there is a central\naisle. Originally when we ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/40199/file/111841#t=6480.0,6510.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/40199/file/111841/transcript/25483/annotation/218","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"held services, they had a temporary mechitza up. The\nwomen sat on one side of the aisle and the men sat on the other side of the\naisle. There was a big controversy that erupted. It happened at the time that my\nhusband was president. I tell a very interesting little anecdote about that. I\nat one time accused my husband of alienation of affection because he was taking\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/40199/file/111841#t=6510.0,6540.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/40199/file/111841/transcript/25483/annotation/219","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Robert's Rules of Order to bed with him, to study up, because there was so much\ncontroversy going on.\n\nThey... Some people wanted to do away with the mechitza altogether, and others\nfelt that that would... What would Rabbi [Tobias] Geffen have done? He was still\nliving in those days. Finally, they came to an agreement. They said that on\nordinary ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/40199/file/111841#t=6540.0,6570.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/40199/file/111841/transcript/25483/annotation/220","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Shabbatot, they would keep the mechitza there. If there were a bar\nmitzvah and the parents...\n\nCRISTOL: Requested it?\n\nKRICK: ...requested it, they would remove the mechitza and there would be\ngeneral seating. Whoever wanted a divided service could have that service. Rabbi\nGeffen would go with those people into the Geffen Library, and they would hold a\nseparate service there. They did that also for the High Holy Days because most\npeople ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/40199/file/111841#t=6570.0,6600.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/40199/file/111841/transcript/25483/annotation/221","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"wanted to sit together with their family. Now they have come to a\ndifferent solution. In the front, on either side of the sanctuary, right by the\nfirst four or five rows, there is a partition where men who want to sit\nseparately can sit separately, and women who want to sit separately can do so. I\nthink there's room for maybe 25 on either side. During High Holy Days, it is\nfilled out. In the course of the ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/40199/file/111841#t=6600.0,6630.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/40199/file/111841/transcript/25483/annotation/222","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"ordinary Sabbath service, we might have about\nten men who sit in that section, and maybe four or five women.\n\nCRISTOL: How do you feel about it?\n\nKRICK: I can't get excited one way or another. We sit together, but I feel that\nthat is important for people who have that background and point of view.\n\nCRISTOL: To give them the option?\n\nKRICK: To give them that option.\n\nCRISTOL: Does your synagogue now have a lot ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/40199/file/111841#t=6630.0,6660.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/40199/file/111841/transcript/25483/annotation/223","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"of young members?\n\nKRICK: Yes. We have a lot of little children, too. Just last week there was a\nbaby naming in shul. When Rabbi [Judah] Kogen was here... after Rabbi Wilson\nleft, Rabbi Kogen came. Rabbi Kogen was a very scholarly individual. He would...\nhe had many strengths. Among his strengths was not a charismatic personality,\nunfortunately. He really was a scholar. He really knew ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/40199/file/111841#t=6660.0,6690.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/40199/file/111841/transcript/25483/annotation/224","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"what he was about. He was\na very empathetic person. During the High Holy Days, he would visit the nearby\nnursing homes, and even Emory. He'd go blow shofar for people who were confined,\ncould not come to synagogue. He did things like that that endeared him to a\ngreat many people.\n\nCRISTOL: Your husband having been president was, I'm sure, ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/40199/file/111841#t=6690.0,6720.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/40199/file/111841/transcript/25483/annotation/225","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"involved in lots of\npolitics. Was he a pretty good mediator in terms of...\n\nKRICK: That's what they liked about him, that he was a... that you could count\non him to smooth over differences.\n\nCRISTOL: It's impossible to find one person that's going to please everybody.\nAre you at all involved in the shelter program at Shearith Israel?\n\nKRICK: Only to the extent that we go down and participate. Now we're trainees.\n\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/40199/file/111841#t=6720.0,6750.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/40199/file/111841/transcript/25483/annotation/226","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"CRISTOL: Before, you just volunteered?\n\nKRICK: Before, we spent the night. Now, we train people to spend the night.\n\nCRISTOL: How did that start?\n\nKRICK: That started because of [Rabbi] Marc Wilson. When the homeless situation\nfirst reared its ugly head, he felt that we ought to do something...\n\nCRISTOL: To help the community.\n\nKRICK: ...to help the [unintelligible].\n\nCRISTOL: You had the space, and you were kind of in the area?\n\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/40199/file/111841#t=6750.0,6780.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/40199/file/111841/transcript/25483/annotation/227","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"KRICK: Originally, we used the educational building. That really became\nimpractical because it was interfering with the school. We needed the space for\nthe school. In the basement of the sanctuary building, we used to have classes.\nWhen the Hebrew Academy occupied that space, we used to have classes there. They\nrenovated that area, and there were already bathrooms there. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/40199/file/111841#t=6780.0,6810.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/40199/file/111841/transcript/25483/annotation/228","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"They put in a\nshower, and they put in a washing machine, a dryer, and a kitchen. They have\nspace now for 15...\n\nCRISTOL: Women?\n\nKRICK: Women only. In addition to that, the Jewish Family Services has made\navailable a trained social worker who comes down and works with them, started a\nmusic program with them, a dance aerobics class, and has done a lot of\ncounseling. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/40199/file/111841#t=6810.0,6840.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/40199/file/111841/transcript/25483/annotation/229","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"A number of these people have been mainstreamed. They help them find\njobs, the Jewish Vocational Service, and they have been mainstreamed so that\nthey no longer require the shelter. That is most commendable.\n\nCRISTOL: The shelter is only open from November?\n\nKRICK: Yes, from November to March.\n\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/40199/file/111841#t=6840.0,6870.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/40199/file/111841/transcript/25483/annotation/230","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"CRISTOL: Is it Helen Spiegel? I believe that... She is a member of Shearith Israel?\n\nKRICK: Yes.\n\nCRISTOL: Did you have to vote? Did the synagogue vote to have the shelter?\n\nKRICK: No, it was automatic. I don't think that the... the board probably\napproved it. It never came to the general membership. It was not necessary.\n\nCRISTOL: Your synagogue is now part of the Traditional movement. Is that right?\n\nKRICK: Yes. There are two Traditional ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/40199/file/111841#t=6870.0,6900.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/40199/file/111841/transcript/25483/annotation/231","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"movements, so let's not...\n\nCRISTOL: Let's differentiate?\n\nKRICK: ...confuse them. Differentiate. There is a Conservative Traditional\nmovement, which has sort of broken away from the mainstream of the Conservative movement.\n\nCRISTOL: It's more religious than...\n\nKRICK: Let's put it this way: it's more right-wing than the trend in the\nConservative movement, the general trend with the ordination of women rabbis ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/40199/file/111841#t=6900.0,6930.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/40199/file/111841/transcript/25483/annotation/232","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and\nso on. There is now... Up until last year, I believe, it was only a federation\nfor rabbis, but they have now opened it up to congregations. It's a federation\nof Traditional and Orthodox congregations. That's what we now belong to.\n\nCRISTOL: It's Traditional ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/40199/file/111841#t=6930.0,6960.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/40199/file/111841/transcript/25483/annotation/233","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and Orthodox together?\n\nKRICK: Yes.\n\nCRISTOL: That is more religious than the Conservative Traditional.\n\nKRICK: There are variations in both groups. In both groups, there are some\ncongregations that maybe adhere more to a more Traditional approach and some to\na more Orthodox approach.\n\nCRISTOL: What would... how would you classify Shearith Israel? Is it more...\n\nKRICK: Shearith Israel is not Conservative but is Traditional.\n\nCRISTOL: It's not ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/40199/file/111841#t=6960.0,6990.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/40199/file/111841/transcript/25483/annotation/234","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Orthodox?\n\nKRICK: No, it certainly is not Orthodox. The thing about it is that the Orthodox\nmovement is veering more and more to the right. Now they want to see that\nchildren's educational activities are completely separated and...\n\nCRISTOL: You were talking about Torah Day School separating classes in the school.\n\nKRICK: That's what they... that's the area in which they're... the direction in\nwhich they seem to be taking. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/40199/file/111841#t=6990.0,7020.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/40199/file/111841/transcript/25483/annotation/235","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Rabbi Kunis for instance, who was ordained as an\nOrthodox rabbi in an Orthodox setting, is a little more liberal than that. A\ncouple of years ago, under Rabbi Kogen's direction, we had a commission called\nthe Gettinger Commission, to study the role-- the legitimate role-- that women\ncan take ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/40199/file/111841#t=7020.0,7050.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/40199/file/111841/transcript/25483/annotation/236","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"in the service without undermining halakha. In other words,...\n\nCRISTOL: The law.\n\nKRICK: ...something that would be within halakha framework. They came up with a\nnumber of changes.\n\nCRISTOL: The Gettinger Commission is just for your synagogue?\n\nKRICK: Just for our synagogue. When Rabbi Wilson... During Rabbi Wilson's\ntenure, he had introduced the idea first ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/40199/file/111841#t=7050.0,7080.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/40199/file/111841/transcript/25483/annotation/237","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"of having bat mitzvahs on a Friday\nnight. After a period of time, he introduced it on Saturday morning; however,\nthe girl could not chant the brachot preceding the haftorah. They could not\nchant the haftorah for that particular Shabbos. They had to find something else.\nThey couldn't... and it didn't have to be a haftorah. It could be from [the Book\nof] Ruth. They could read that, ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/40199/file/111841#t=7080.0,7110.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/40199/file/111841/transcript/25483/annotation/238","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"or Song of Songs, or a haftorah that appealed to\nthem because of the message, or from [the Book of] Isaiah, let's say, or\nwhatever. It was not the haftorah that was chanted...\n\nCRISTOL: That week's portion.\n\nKRICK: ...from that week's portion. The Gettinger Commission came up with the\nchange that they could chant the haftorah for the week. They could chant the\nintroductory bracha ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/40199/file/111841#t=7110.0,7140.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/40199/file/111841/transcript/25483/annotation/239","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"before you chant the halftorah. They could not... Normally\nwhat happens is at a bar mitzvah, you will be called up for the maftir aliyah.\nWe will not permit a woman...\n\nCRISTOL: This is Ronni Cristol interviewing Gertrude Krick on August 22, 1990,\nfor the Jewish Oral History Project of Atlanta, co-sponsored by the American\nJewish Committee, Atlanta Jewish Federation, and National Council of Jewish Women.\n\nBefore we got so ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/40199/file/111841#t=7140.0,7170.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/40199/file/111841/transcript/25483/annotation/240","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"rudely cut off, Mrs. Krick, you were telling me about the\nchanges from the Gettinger Commission's report at the synagogue, about what the\nwomen were now allowed to do. Let's see if we can continue that.\n\nKRICK: The women are allowed to read the haftorah of the week. They are\npermitted to chant the bracha before the haftorah. However, a relative or a\nfriend will have to do the maftir portion. I was starting to say ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/40199/file/111841#t=7170.0,7200.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/40199/file/111841/transcript/25483/annotation/241","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that when a bar\nmitzvah performs, he comes up for the maftir aliyah. Since women are not\npermitted to come up for an aliyah, she has to have someone else do that.\n\nCRISTOL: The women are not allowed on the bimah to open the curtains or...\n\nKRICK: Yes, they do.\n\nCRISTOL: They can do that.\n\nKRICK: They are allowed to open the curtains. They can open the [Torah] Ark.\nYes, they may. They can give a D'var Torah. They are not permitted to come up\nfor an aliyah or to read the Torah.\n\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/40199/file/111841#t=7200.0,7230.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/40199/file/111841/transcript/25483/annotation/242","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"CRISTOL: Are they considered part of the minyan? Are they counted as a minyan?\n\nKRICK: No, they are not counted as part of a minyan.\n\nCRISTOL: How about saying Kaddish? Are they allowed to say it?\n\nKRICK: Everybody's allowed to say Kaddish, but, if there are nine people in a\nminyan, and you're a woman, and you want to say Kaddish, you will not be\ncounted. You'd have to wait for a tenth man to come along before you could...\n\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/40199/file/111841#t=7230.0,7260.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/40199/file/111841/transcript/25483/annotation/243","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"CRISTOL: You can say it, but you're really not part of it. You and your husband\nwere recently awarded the Joe Cohen Distinguished Service Award? Tell me about\nthat award.\n\nKRICK: Really, it was my husband's award, not mine. Joe Cohen was a very dear\nperson. He used to come to minyan ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/40199/file/111841#t=7260.0,7290.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/40199/file/111841/transcript/25483/annotation/244","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"every single day. He was always available. He\nmade me think a little bit of Nathan Cohen, not to the same extent. You know\nNathan Cohen who just recently died?\n\nCRISTOL: No.\n\nKRICK: He was a wonderful man. For years and years, [He was] a mainstay over the\nAhavath Achim. Joe Cohen was a little bit like that. Not in length of service at\nall, or in the extent of community service, but...\n\nCRISTOL: Personality wise.\n\nKRICK: ...personality wise, he was a very gentle, sweet man. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/40199/file/111841#t=7290.0,7320.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/40199/file/111841/transcript/25483/annotation/245","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Never averse to\ndoing the most menial kind of thing. There was one time when he went up on the\nroof because there was a leak. He wanted to see if he couldn't fix the leak and\nscared everybody half to death. He died very unexpectedly and very suddenly.\nAfter his death, they wanted to memorialize him in some way. They decided to\nestablish a Joe Cohen Distinguished Service Award every year. They did that in\nconnection with an Ad Journal, ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/40199/file/111841#t=7320.0,7350.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/40199/file/111841/transcript/25483/annotation/246","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that is a fund raiser. Helen Spiegel was a\nrecipient of the Joe Cohen award. Dorothy Zimmerman was one year. Alice Rich. I\ndon't know if you know Alice Rich. She was another mainstay of the synagogue.\nThis year, Edward and I were so honored. It was really a wonderful evening. They\nhad a dinner, and our children ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/40199/file/111841#t=7350.0,7380.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/40199/file/111841/transcript/25483/annotation/247","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"came down, and Edward's SIJ Club, Shearith Israel\nJuniors, that are all now in their seventies. Still call themselves the SIJ.\n\nCRISTOL: Junior. They like the Junior.\n\nKRICK: I don't know whether we spoke about that.\n\nCRISTOL: No, we didn't.\n\nKRICK: When Edward was a young boy, the Geffen young men, Sam Geffen and Louie\nGeffen, organized a... it was really ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/40199/file/111841#t=7380.0,7410.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/40199/file/111841/transcript/25483/annotation/248","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"a Young Judea Club just for the\nneighborhood kids. They met at Shearith Israel. They engaged in social\nactivities and in sports and cultural activities. They used to have debates and\nstuff like that. These were kids. Some of them were members of Shearith Israel,\nbut many of them were not. They...\n\nCRISTOL: Just friends.\n\nKRICK: ...were just friends. They stuck together, and they're still the Shearith\nIsrael Juniors. Every five years or thereabouts, ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/40199/file/111841#t=7410.0,7440.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/40199/file/111841/transcript/25483/annotation/249","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"they get together and have a weekend...\n\nCRISTOL: Reunion?\n\nKRICK: ...reunion. They have a reunion.\n\nCRISTOL: How wonderful. How many are still left? Or they're all...\n\nKRICK: There are about ten or fifteen. I could show you... we have a little book\nof pictures.\n\nCRISTOL: Yes.\n\nKRICK: I'll show you the pictures of the boys.\n\nCRISTOL: The group.\n\nKRICK: Yes, that were... one or two of them have died, and many of them are very\nsuccessful. Marvin Goldstein is one of the SIJs and ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/40199/file/111841#t=7440.0,7470.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/40199/file/111841/transcript/25483/annotation/250","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Jake Goldstein, who worked\non the atomic energy thing in Tennessee.\n\nCRISTOL: I know what you're talking about, the power plant. Not the power plant,\nthe... I know what you're talking about.\n\nKRICK: Oak Ridge [National Laboratory]. He had taught many years at Emory\n[University] ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/40199/file/111841#t=7470.0,7500.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/40199/file/111841/transcript/25483/annotation/251","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"subsequently and is now retired, doing consultant work. He was one\nof that group.\n\nCRISTOL: That's wonderful. You said every five years they get together.\n\nKRICK: Just about.\n\nCRISTOL: Go away? Or you just...\n\nKRICK: No, we generally have a function at Shearith Israel. Where else?\n\nCRISTOL: Of course. Like you said, some of them weren't even members.\n\nKRICK: No. Yes. Dave Alterman is a member. He's a big guy over at AA.\n\nCRISTOL: When you got married, did you tend to socialize with these people and\ntheir wives also?\n\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/40199/file/111841#t=7500.0,7530.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/40199/file/111841/transcript/25483/annotation/252","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"KRICK: Not a whole lot actually. That's the odd thing about it. We never really\nhave socialized a lot with them. Edward does. He gets together with the boys,\nany one of them that comes into town. Edward is the focal point. He organizes\nall of these things. He'll call them all up, let's have lunch over at Steve's...\nnot Steve's, ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/40199/file/111841#t=7530.0,7560.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/40199/file/111841/transcript/25483/annotation/253","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Gilmer.\n\nCRISTOL: Quality Kosher.\n\nKRICK: Quality Kosher.\n\nCRISTOL: Steve Gilmer.\n\nKRICK: They'll all get together and have lunch because somebody is in from out\nof town. As a matter of fact, [Manny] Kulbersh just called up. He's going to be\nin town for a while. He called Edward and said when are we going to get together\nfor lunch.\n\nCRISTOL: That's wonderful. You had said before that you enjoyed going to\nconcerts. Music has always been ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/40199/file/111841#t=7560.0,7590.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/40199/file/111841/transcript/25483/annotation/254","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"a big interest in your life. Did you tell me you played?\n\nKRICK: I used to, yes. My brother was a very talented musician. He studied at\nCurtis [Institute]. Curtis is... I don't know whether you know about Curtis in Philadelphia.\n\nCRISTOL: You said they were willing... they wanted him to move there.\n\nKRICK: They did. It was really through him that I developed that kind of an\ninterest. Also my sister had enrolled me in the young people's concerts ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/40199/file/111841#t=7590.0,7620.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/40199/file/111841/transcript/25483/annotation/255","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"in New\nYork. I can't remember what they called them anymore, but...\n\nCRISTOL: While you were growing up you were always involved in that.\n\nKRICK: I was exposed. We subscribed to the symphony.\n\nCRISTOL: What kinds of things... You belong to the symphony here?\n\nKRICK: Sure. We have for years.\n\nCRISTOL: The other questions I wanted to ask you briefly were more philosophical\nkinds of things. I wrote down a few things, and anything you want to add, feel\nfree. Tell me who you feel were the greatest influences on you in your life.\n\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/40199/file/111841#t=7620.0,7650.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/40199/file/111841/transcript/25483/annotation/256","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"KRICK: The very first name that comes to my mind, [unintelligible], is Sam\nRosenberg. I don't know if we talked about him.\n\nCRISTOL: We talked about him. He was the one that really was the impetus for the\nHebrew Academy?\n\nKRICK: He was the impetus for the Hebrew Academy. He was really the one that got\nme started back into teaching and into a desire to study more about Judaism. He\nwas really a ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/40199/file/111841#t=7650.0,7680.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/40199/file/111841/transcript/25483/annotation/257","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"big influence in both our lives, in Edward and mine, and I guess\n[Rabbi] Marc Wilson was.\n\nCRISTOL: How about your parents? Do you think they shaped your life?\n\nKRICK: I thought you meant community people.\n\nCRISTOL: Both.\n\nKRICK: Obviously, my parents were... my father was an unusual person. I may have\ntalked about him earlier. He was blind. No, he... and he was... ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/40199/file/111841#t=7680.0,7710.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/40199/file/111841/transcript/25483/annotation/258","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"did I tell you\nabout that wonderful story he told me one time, which was a part of a midrash I\nbelieve. He told... I'll never forget it because it was such a meaningful thing\nto me. One time when I was up there visiting him. He always wondered whether\nthat was going to be the last time that he would see me because I was the only\none of the children that was so far away.\n\nCRISTOL: Was gone.\n\nKRICK: He told the story about a man who ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/40199/file/111841#t=7710.0,7740.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/40199/file/111841/transcript/25483/annotation/259","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"set out on a long journey. He had with\nhim food and water to sustain him for the trip which he thought was going to\ntake a given period of time. He lost his way in the desert and used up his\nsupply of food and water. He was sure that he was going to die. Suddenly in the\ndistance he saw what he thought was an oasis. He thought it was a mirage, but he\nsaid, ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/40199/file/111841#t=7740.0,7770.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/40199/file/111841/transcript/25483/annotation/260","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"what could he lose, and so he headed toward that area. It was not a\nmirage. It really was an oasis. There were date trees there. There was a little\nstream running at the foot of the tree. He refreshed himself with the water from\nthe stream and the dates, rested, was refreshed, got his bearings, and knew that\nhe would be able to find his way to his destination. He looked up at the tree\nand he said, \"What can I wish for you, old tree? ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/40199/file/111841#t=7770.0,7800.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/40199/file/111841/transcript/25483/annotation/261","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"In the midst of this vast\ndesert, you flourish with a stream nourishing you, and you are a help to any\npasserby that comes your way.\" He said... I get a little choked up when I think\nabout it. He said, \"What can I wish for you, my daughter? You have everything\nthat you need in the way of sustenance ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/40199/file/111841#t=7800.0,7830.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/40199/file/111841/transcript/25483/annotation/262","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and home. You have a loving husband. You\nhave talented children.\" He said, \"What more can I wish for you?\" I have to back\nup, because he said to the tree, \"What can I wish for you? Only that your seed\nwherever it will fall may grow and flourish as you have done.\" Then he said that\nto me.\n\nCRISTOL: That's wonderful. He did get to see your children, not physically see,\nbut he got to know your children.\n\nKRICK: Yes.\n\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/40199/file/111841#t=7830.0,7860.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/40199/file/111841/transcript/25483/annotation/263","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"CRISTOL: Brings tears to my eyes, too. What about your mother. I remember you\ntelling me in the last one that your earliest memories were of challah baking.\n\nKRICK: Yes.\n\nCRISTOL: Raising six... Would you like a Kleenex?\n\nKRICK: All right.\n\nCRISTOL: Raising six children, I'm sure, kept her real busy.\n\nKRICK: Not only raising six children, but caring for my grandmother who was not\na well person, and my father, who was blind. They were... ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/40199/file/111841#t=7860.0,7890.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/40199/file/111841/transcript/25483/annotation/264","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"they really had an\nunusual relationship. They really did. They were very devoted to one another,\nvery devoted. He always... He went with her wherever she went, so that if she\nwent shopping... they went to a butcher who was over on the other side of the\nBronx because they knew that he was a kosher butcher that they could trust. It\nwas a question of carrying a heavy parcel back home, ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/40199/file/111841#t=7890.0,7920.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/40199/file/111841/transcript/25483/annotation/265","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"because they'd have to go\nby bus. My father would go with her so that he could help her to carry her\nparcels back from there. She was a homemaker. She did the cooking. She did the\ncleaning. She cared for father and for grandmother.\n\nCRISTOL: And raised wonderful children.\n\nKRICK: And raised... These days, when a kid gets to be ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/40199/file/111841#t=7920.0,7950.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/40199/file/111841/transcript/25483/annotation/266","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"18 years old, he's out of\nthe house. My sister lived at home, my brother did until he was married, and I\ndid until I went to Atlanta. There was, kina hora, a household that she always\nhad to look after. Even after my brother and I left, my sister still remained.\nThere was my grandmother, my sister, my mother, and my father. There were the\nfour of them.\n\nCRISTOL: Did you mother outlive your father?\n\nKRICK: Yes, she did. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/40199/file/111841#t=7950.0,7980.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/40199/file/111841/transcript/25483/annotation/267","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I guess she must have survived him for about eight or ten years.\n\nCRISTOL: Did she live...\n\nKRICK: She was ill for a good part of that time. She had a heart condition. It\nwas very difficult for her to even... It was just as bad for my sister as it was\nfor her, because by that time my grandmother was dead, had gone, so it was just\nmy mother and my sister. My sister was working, and it was a rough time.\n\nCRISTOL: Tough situation. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/40199/file/111841#t=7980.0,8010.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/40199/file/111841/transcript/25483/annotation/268","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"You have such a strong sense of volunteering and\nworking for the community. What do you think got you so involved? It's so easy\nto have your work and your family and nothing else. What gave you the... what\nwas your impetus in getting so involved? Just your personality?\n\nKRICK: I don't know. I really don't know. I guess they asked me.\n\nCRISTOL: You couldn't say no.\n\nKRICK: I didn't say no. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/40199/file/111841#t=8010.0,8040.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/40199/file/111841/transcript/25483/annotation/269","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"If I go to a doctor's office or whatever, I always carry\na piece of needlework with me. One time, my doctor-- whom I see regularly every\nthree months because of an ongoing problem-- said, \"Don't you ever stop?\" I\nsaid, \"I can't stand to be idle.\" I really can't.\n\nCRISTOL: If you were giving advice to or doing training, like you said, to a\ngroup of volunteers, what were some things... ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/40199/file/111841#t=8040.0,8070.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/40199/file/111841/transcript/25483/annotation/270","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"What would you say makes an\neffective volunteer, the people that you worked with?\n\nKRICK: I would say that dependability and commitment. You really have to be sold\non what you're doing and really not to undertake anything unless you're really\nconvinced that you're going to give it whatever it takes, and whatever you can\nmanage to give to it.\n\nCRISTOL: How do you handle ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/40199/file/111841#t=8070.0,8100.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/40199/file/111841/transcript/25483/annotation/271","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"a situation where somebody volunteers to do\nsomething, and you know they're the kind of person that's not going to follow\nthrough? What happens?\n\nKRICK: What happens... in my situation, when that happened...\n\nCRISTOL: You end up doing it.\n\nKRICK: You got it.\n\nCRISTOL: I'm sure you've worked with [unintelligible] who can't say no to\nanything and then...\n\nKRICK: Then disappeared.\n\nCRISTOL: ...the ball falls.\n\nKRICK: Yes. I'll tell you, volunteerism ain't what it was. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/40199/file/111841#t=8100.0,8130.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/40199/file/111841/transcript/25483/annotation/272","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"There was a time when\npeople were at home and didn't have to work, for one thing. In addition, they\nfelt a sense of commitment to community and to the organization that they're\nworking for, which I don't think that people do today. It's such a \"me\" oriented\ngeneration. I hope that that will change. I hope that people ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/40199/file/111841#t=8130.0,8160.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/40199/file/111841/transcript/25483/annotation/273","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"will begin to\ndevelop more of a sense of commitment to community.\n\nCRISTOL: How do you build that? How do you get somebody to...\n\nKRICK: I hate to say it, but, the war effort right now may be the start of\nsomething like that again. When we were in World War II, there were Red Cross\npeople and people who went back to work... They had to because there were no men\nto take some of the jobs.\n\nCRISTOL: It's a crisis almost that brings people...\n\nKRICK: Lots of times ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/40199/file/111841#t=8160.0,8190.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/40199/file/111841/transcript/25483/annotation/274","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"it is a crisis situation that galvanizes people to...\n\nCRISTOL: You had said on our first tape that you remember a real split between\nSephardic and the Ashkenazic and Eastern Europeans.\n\nKRICK: Yes.\n\nCRISTOL: Yet when they needed a charitable... with Federation, I think that...\n\nKRICK: That was really the beginning of a...\n\nCRISTOL: ...bringing the groups together.\n\nKRICK: Right.\n\nCRISTOL: That's an interesting idea that it... a crisis is what it needs. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/40199/file/111841#t=8190.0,8220.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/40199/file/111841/transcript/25483/annotation/275","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Is\nthere advice that you would give? A lot of people are torn between being home\nand going to work. What would you say if someone came to you and said, \"I don't\nhave to go to work, but I don't enjoy being home.\" How would you counsel\nsomebody like that?\n\nKRICK: I would suggest that, if they don't really need to go to work and if they\ndon't have a skill. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/40199/file/111841#t=8220.0,8250.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/40199/file/111841/transcript/25483/annotation/276","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"If somebody has a specialized skill, they need to utilize\nthat skill simply from a sense of self-fulfillment. If they can utilize those\nskills in a volunteer capacity, then that would be the answer. I would counsel\nthem to put that skill to work in a volunteer...\n\nCRISTOL: You don't think a stay-at-home mother should have to apologize for...\n\nKRICK: Absolutely not. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/40199/file/111841#t=8250.0,8280.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/40199/file/111841/transcript/25483/annotation/277","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"That's one of the things that women have really\nabandoned, to their peril and to the peril of their children. I really do.\nPeople who just can't stay at home because they can't stay at home and leaving\nthe raising of the children to a day care center are doing a terrible\ndisservice. They're really doing a terrible disservice.\n\nCRISTOL: What do you think... you've had so many... what do you think at this\npoint in your life is your greatest achievement?\n\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/40199/file/111841#t=8280.0,8310.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/40199/file/111841/transcript/25483/annotation/278","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"You don't know how to answer that one.\n\nKRICK: I really don't know. I don't know that I've had such a great achievement.\nI guess my work at the Hebrew Academy has been the most rewarding for me. I'll\nput it that way. I like to write.\n\nCRISTOL: Do you?\n\nKRICK: I have been invited ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/40199/file/111841#t=8310.0,8340.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/40199/file/111841/transcript/25483/annotation/279","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"to give a number of Divrei Torah at the synagogue on\na number of occasions. I recently looked through a bunch of papers and\neverything was so disorganized that I spent a whole day organizing the different\nlittle things that I've done here and there and have written, some of them\npublished in the Southern Israelite.\n\nCRISTOL: You can make a lot of money like Robert Fulghum? ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/40199/file/111841#t=8340.0,8370.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/40199/file/111841/transcript/25483/annotation/280","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Is that his name?\nEverything I always wanted to know...\n\nKRICK: I don't know if I can make a lot of money but...\n\nCRISTOL: Have you thought about putting all these things together in a book, a\ncollection of thoughts.\n\nKRICK: I put them together in file folders.\n\nCRISTOL: Stapled it all together.\n\nKRICK: No. I don't think it's worthy of anything like that, really. I did get a\ngreat deal of satisfaction from re-reading them.\n\nCRISTOL: Your life passes ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/40199/file/111841#t=8370.0,8400.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/40199/file/111841/transcript/25483/annotation/281","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"before you a little bit.\n\nKRICK: Yes.\n\nCRISTOL: You have been in Atlanta more than 50 years now. What do you see, if\nyou can say two or three real major changes? Can you pinpoint any real changes,\neither in the total community or the Jewish community?\n\nKRICK: The organization of the Jewish community has been radically changed.\nWe're a very highly organized community. Federation really deserves the credit\nfor that. We've become a... When I first came here, I was aware of pockets of\npoverty, a real poverty on the part of struggling people in small businesses. I\nthink we've become a much more affluent Jewish society. I really do. Not all of\nit I find admirable, because I...\n\nCRISTOL: Goes along with the \"me\" generation.\n\nKRICK: Along with the \"me\" generation and the reduction of volunteerism. That\nbothers me. On the other hand, these people have been generous with their means\nfor Federation, for United Jewish Appeal, and whatever. One thing is evolving\nthat was pleasing to me, and that is I remember when in the early years, that\none of the criticisms about Jewish leadership has been that it has been\nrelegated to people who had money but who had very little background and very\nlittle commitment to observance or to Judaism. I'll put it that way. Not\nnecessarily to observance but to Judaism. There is a growing tendency now for\npeople in leadership capacity to become much more sensitive to and personally\ninvolved in their Judaic past and present observance. I know a number of\ninstances where people who had absolutely no background or feeling for\nobservance have become kosher, who have enrolled their children in day school,\nand who are concerned about Jewish education. I think that that's a healthy\ndevelopment. I really do.\n\nCRISTOL: I guess you don't have any solutions. Any suggestions? They say that\nfor a city like Atlanta, there are so many unaffiliated Jewish people.\n\nKRICK: Yes. That really is... many of them are people who are transplants. Many\nof them are not native Atlantans. They come in from wherever and come from a\ncommunity that really didn't have a whole lot of...\n\nCRISTOL: Do you think they don't want to be involved or they don't know how to\nbe involved, or maybe a little of both?\n\nKRICK: It's a little bit of both. They don't want to be involved because they've\nnever had that in their background, and they have not had... they haven't been\neducated to it. A lot of it is educational and motivational.\n\nCRISTOL: We've just got to get them, hook them some way and get them...\n\nKRICK: That's right.\n\nCRISTOL: This has been a delightful few hours.\n\nKRICK: It's gone by very quickly.\n\nCRISTOL: It really has. Before we turn the tape off, is there anything you want\nto go on record as this is going to be copied for you also. Is there anything\nelse that you want to add?\n\nKRICK: I guess only that I'm very proud of my children. I really am. I don't\neven know whether we talked about them.\n\nCRISTOL: Very briefly.\n\nKRICK: Yes. Our son is an unusual... can't even call him a young man anymore.\nHe's not even young. He's doing a very splendid job at what he does.\n\nCRISTOL: You had mentioned that he was a teacher of the Great Books Division.\nI'm not sure I understand the Great Books tradition, so why don't you tell a\nlittle bit about it.\n\nKRICK: The Great Books Program was started by Mortimer Adler at the University\nof Chicago. He felt that in order to have a well-rounded education, you really\nneeded to get back to the classics, to the philosophers, to Greek philosophers,\nto the historians, to Shakespeare, and to the...\n\nCRISTOL: The great books.\n\nKRICK: ...the great books. He started that kind of program which evolved in the\nUniversity of Chicago as a separate program. Now we have these programs that\nEmory [University] offers, or some of the other universities, the non-credit\nprogram. This was a serious kind of a program. It had a set curriculum. It was\ncalled basic program. You had to go through an organized curriculum in order to\nfulfill the obligations of that program. If you finished that program, that\nbasic program, you'd go on to a higher order.\n\nCRISTOL: Is it a degreed program?\n\nKRICK: No, it's not a degreed program. They gave you a certificate. It attracted\nmainly adults, older people, many of them who were already finished with their\ncareers or with their studies. It was really heavy stuff. That was a program\nthat he was involved with. They would study Socrates, Aristophanes, Shakespeare,\nGibbon, and Proust. When I first went to Chicago and sat in on some of our son's\nclasses, I said, \"Well, my God.\"\n\nCRISTOL: Does he teach mostly at night?\n\nCRISTOL: The classes that he teaches, are they primarily at night?\n\nKRICK: No. The ones that I've attended have all been at night. He teaches all\nduring the day. What happened was that people who attended his classes, and come\nin from the suburbs and have to drive back at night long distances, invited him\nto start study groups where they were. Actually, he does more work with...\n\nCRISTOL: Outside.\n\nKRICK: ...the study groups ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/40199/file/111841#t=8400.0,8430.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/40199/file/111841/transcript/25483/annotation/282","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"outside of his program because it's a relatively\nlimited program. It used to be a populated program, a very... but it has fallen\non lean days.\n\nCRISTOL: He's employed by the university?\n\nKRICK: He's employed by the Great Books Division at the University, but he does\nmore of his work in the suburbs. These study groups that he does are of such a\nvaried nature. Sometimes it's music, ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/40199/file/111841#t=8430.0,8460.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/40199/file/111841/transcript/25483/annotation/283","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"sometimes it's art, sometimes it's movies.\n\nCRISTOL: Does he meet with a group and they decide what they want to do?\n\nKRICK: Sometimes there's a group that decides they just want to study art\nmovies, or sometimes with a group that wants to study contemporary short\nstories. Sometimes there's a group that wants to study Shakespeare. Whatever it\nis that they want to study is what he teaches.\n\nCRISTOL: His undergraduate degree was...\n\nKRICK: In Humanities.\n\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/40199/file/111841#t=8460.0,8490.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/40199/file/111841/transcript/25483/annotation/284","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"CRISTOL: He is very well-read, very well-versed in a lot of different things.\n\nKRICK: When you go to his classes as we do, from time to time, and people tell\nyou... they have told me on more than one occasion, \"Your son has changed my\nlife.\" This is very gratifying.\n\nCRISTOL: He is not married?\n\nKRICK: He's not married.\n\nCRISTOL: Your daughter...\n\nKRICK: Our daughter is married, yes. She is...\n\nCRISTOL: I didn't mean to... Do you have more to tell us about your son? Go\nright ahead.\n\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/40199/file/111841#t=8490.0,8520.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/40199/file/111841/transcript/25483/annotation/285","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"KRICK: ...she's a dietician. She works for the Hillel at the George Washington\nUniversity. I may have mentioned that.\n\nCRISTOL: You said that she used to be at the University of Maryland?\n\nKRICK: She used to be at Maryland. They asked her to come here, and she's...\naside from her work, she's a warm, outgoing, friendly, loving...\n\nCRISTOL: Like her mother.\n\nSince I haven't met your husband, I can say that.\n\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/40199/file/111841#t=8520.0,8550.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/40199/file/111841/transcript/25483/annotation/286","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"KRICK: She's more like her father as a matter of fact. She's more like her father.\n\nCRISTOL: She has two children, you said.\n\nKRICK: She has two children.\n\nCRISTOL: Did you tell me they're adopted?\n\nKRICK: They're adopted children. One is finishing up a summer program at\nHarvard. He's also studying philosophy. Her daughter is in... business\nadministration is her interest, and she's going to school in Maryland and\nworking. Beautiful girl.\n\nCRISTOL: Was it your grandson that has been to Israel and is planning to go back\nto Israel?\n\nKRICK: Yes. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/40199/file/111841#t=8550.0,8580.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/40199/file/111841/transcript/25483/annotation/287","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I don't know whether he's planning to go back to Israel any time\nsoon, but he has been back and forth and back and forth. He spent a year of his\nhigh school career there, and his college career too. He loves Israel.\n\nCRISTOL: What's he going to do with this philosophy degree when he finishes school?\n\nKRICK: You got me.\n\nCRISTOL: Go to see the Great Books with your son in Chicago.\n\nKRICK: You got me.\n\nCRISTOL: Did... is your son-in-law...\n\nKRICK: He's a chemist for the government.\n\nCRISTOL: Did she adopt the children as babies?\n\nKRICK: Yes.\n\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/40199/file/111841#t=8580.0,8610.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/40199/file/111841/transcript/25483/annotation/288","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"CRISTOL: You get to see them fairly often?\n\nKRICK: Rachel was down here... both of them were down here. Rachel was down here\nin May; Joel was down here in December. When we go up there, we... we were up in\nMaryland in July for a wedding. Rachel... Joel was there too. That's right. The\nlast time I saw Joel was Maryland.\n\nCRISTOL: What's being planned for your fiftieth ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/40199/file/111841#t=8610.0,8640.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/40199/file/111841/transcript/25483/annotation/289","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"anniversary in December?\n\nKRICK: It's a secret. Part of it is a secret, but we're having a big dinner on\nSaturday night, and the out-of-town guests we'll have... we'll get together with\nthem on Friday night, and there'll be a brunch on Sunday. Edward's going to\nchant the haftorah on Saturday, so as people come to shul, there'll be a kiddush\nin shul.\n\nCRISTOL: Are you going to go away, the two of you going to go away and have a\nsecond or third honeymoon?\n\nKRICK: Yes, we're going to go away in January on the Federation Mission to Israel.\n\nCRISTOL: You did say that. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/40199/file/111841#t=8640.0,8670.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/40199/file/111841/transcript/25483/annotation/290","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Great.\n\nKRICK: January 9 and this is the... December 29, so it's practically around the corner.\n\nCRISTOL: Yes. It'll be here before you know it. There was something else I was\ngoing to ask you about the anniversary, and I can't remember. You did tell me\nthat you still have two sisters. Is that right?\n\nKRICK: Yes.\n\nCRISTOL: Two sisters who are still alive?\n\nKRICK: Yes.\n\nCRISTOL: Any brothers?\n\nKRICK: Yes. I have two brothers.\n\nCRISTOL: They're still alive?\n\nKRICK: They're still alive.\n\nCRISTOL: Will they all be here for the anniversary?\n\nKRICK: In know that my brother, ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/40199/file/111841#t=8670.0,8700.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/40199/file/111841/transcript/25483/annotation/291","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"the youngest of my brothers, the one next to me,\nI know he's definitely coming. My sister is really quite ill. I don't know\nwhether she's going to be able to make it. The oldest one, I know definitely\nwill not come. She has never flown and will never fly.\n\nCRISTOL: Is she in a home or...\n\nKRICK: No. She is at her own home.\n\nCRISTOL: She's... did you say 93?\n\nKRICK: She's 93, yes.\n\nCRISTOL: You can't even get her down here on a train?\n\nKRICK: She has a tendency to get car-sick.\n\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/40199/file/111841#t=8700.0,8730.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/40199/file/111841/transcript/25483/annotation/292","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"CRISTOL: Your brother-in-law [unintelligible]?\n\nKRICK: Yes, they'll be up. We have a bunch of cousins that will probably come.\n\nCRISTOL: Is your husband... were there some Kricks or Levins?\n\nKRICK: Levins.\n\nCRISTOL: Levins. Does he have a lot of family still in Atlanta?\n\nKRICK: Greenbaums are our cousins.\n\nCRISTOL: You still have...\n\nKRICK: There were... he had seven daughters. His grandfather had seven daughters.\n\nCRISTOL: They're all over.\n\nKRICK: They're all over. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/40199/file/111841#t=8730.0,8760.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/40199/file/111841/transcript/25483/annotation/293","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Yes. There are a lot of cousins.\n\nCRISTOL: The Greenbaums that own the liquor stores?\n\nKRICK: Yes.\n\nCRISTOL: They're relatives.\n\nKRICK: Leonard [Greenbaum] and Irwin [Greenbaum], and their children, and their grandchildren.\n\nCRISTOL: Are they all members of Shearith Israel or...\n\nKRICK: No, the Greenbaum clan were Arbeiter Ring people. They were not observant\npeople. They were Yiddishism.\n\nCRISTOL: You mentioned that, ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/40199/file/111841#t=8760.0,8790.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/40199/file/111841/transcript/25483/annotation/294","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and I remember Mark Bauman talking about the\nArbeiter Ring. Tell it. We're all over the place right now, so tell me a little\nbit about that.\n\nKRICK: I don't know a whole lot about it.\n\nCRISTOL: Was it a socialistic group?\n\nKRICK: Yes, it was. They had a Yiddish school going at one time in the city.\nThey were not observant at all. In the early days, they were not Zionists. They\nhave become now, ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/40199/file/111841#t=8790.0,8820.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/40199/file/111841/transcript/25483/annotation/295","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"but they were not in those days.\n\nCRISTOL: They really haven't affiliated.\n\nKRICK: They have affiliated. Irwin Greenbaum is a member of the AA. I think\nLeonard is a member of the AA now too. Jerry may be a member of The Temple,\nthat's Leonard's son. Irwin's son is a member of the Reform group, and his two\ndaughters who live up in Scarsdale ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/40199/file/111841#t=8820.0,8850.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/40199/file/111841/transcript/25483/annotation/296","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"are members of a Reform temple. They're all\naffiliated some way.\n\nCRISTOL: Do you go to services every week?\n\nKRICK: Every Saturday.\n\nCRISTOL: Every Saturday. It's people like you that keep the synagogues going.\nStill interesting and keeps them going, I guess.\n\nKRICK: We hope so. We even like to invite more of everybody to come.\n\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/40199/file/111841#t=8850.0,8880.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/40199/file/111841/transcript/25483/annotation/297","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"CRISTOL: I thank you so much for all of your time.\n\nKRICK: Thank you. You've been a wonderful interviewer.\n\nCRISTOL: Thank you.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/40199/file/111841#t=8880.0,8910.0"}]},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/40199/file/111841/annotation_set/500","type":"AnnotationPage","label":{"en":["Gertrude Krick [Transcript]"]},"items":[{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/40199/file/111841/annotation_set/500/annotation/298","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe Great Depression was a severe worldwide economic depression in the decade preceding World War II. The time of the Great Depression varied across nations, but in most countries it started in about 1929 and lasted until the late 1930’s or early 1940’s. It was the longest, most widespread, and deepest depression of the twentieth century.         \u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/40199/file/111841#t=30.0,60.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/40199/file/111841/annotation_set/500/annotation/299","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eTeachers College, Columbia University is a graduate school of education, health and psychology in New York City. Founded in 1887, it has served as the Faculty and Department of Education of Columbia University since its affiliation in 1898.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/40199/file/111841#t=60.0,90.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/40199/file/111841/annotation_set/500/annotation/300","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eColumbia University (officially Columbia University in the City of New York) is a private, Ivy League, research university in Upper Manhattan, New York City. Columbia University currently occupies 32 acres in the Morningside Heights area of New York City. It was established in 1754 as King's College by royal charter of George II of Great Britain. Columbia is the oldest college in New York State and the fifth chartered institution of higher learning in the country, making it one of nine colonial colleges founded before the Declaration of Independence.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/40199/file/111841#t=60.0,90.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/40199/file/111841/annotation_set/500/annotation/301","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eAtlanta Jewish Community Center was officially founded in 1910, as the Jewish Educational Alliance. In the late 1940’s it evolved into the Atlanta Jewish Community Center and moved to Peachtree Street. It stayed there until 1998, when the building was sold and the center moved to Dunwoody. In 2000, it was renamed the ‘Marcus Jewish Community Center of Atlanta.’\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/40199/file/111841#t=120.0,150.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/40199/file/111841/annotation_set/500/annotation/302","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe Jewish Educational Alliance (JEA) operated from 1910 to 1948 on the site where the Atlanta- Fulton County Stadium was located. The JEA was once the hub of Jewish life in Atlanta. Families congregated there for social, educational, sports and cultural programs. The JEA ran camps and held classes to help some new residents learn to read and write English. For newcomers, it became a refuge, with programs to help them acclimate to a new home. The JEA stayed at that site until the late 1940’s, when it evolved into the Atlanta Jewish Community Center and moved to Peachtree Street. It stayed there until 1998, when the building was sold and the center moved to Dunwoody. In 2000, it was renamed the ‘Marcus Jewish Community Center of Atlanta.’\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/40199/file/111841#t=120.0,150.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/40199/file/111841/annotation_set/500/annotation/303","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eEdward M. Kahn (1895-1984) was an immigrant from Bialystok, Poland. He became a leader in Atlanta’s Jewish community and served as executive director of several organizations including the Jewish Educational Alliance, the Atlanta Jewish Welfare Fund, and the Atlanta Federation of Jewish Social Service, an earlier incarnation of the current Jewish Federation of Greater Atlanta.  He also worked with Southern Israelite as a writer and adviser.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/40199/file/111841#t=120.0,150.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/40199/file/111841/annotation_set/500/annotation/304","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eJunior Leagues are education and charitable women’s organizations aimed at improving their communities through voluntarism and building their members’ civil leadership skills through training.  It is an international organization with 293 different chapters.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/40199/file/111841#t=150.0,180.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/40199/file/111841/annotation_set/500/annotation/305","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eAtlanta Service Guild was founded in 1936 by 16 young Jewish women. The organization is dedicated to social service and civic work. Arlene Freitag Frohsin was its founding president. Among the organization's projects was a pre-natal clinic and gift shop at Grady Hospital, a nursery school at the Jewish Educational Alliance, an occupational therapy room at Emory Hospital, and a gift shop at the Jewish Home (renamed the William Breman Jewish Home).\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/40199/file/111841#t=180.0,210.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/40199/file/111841/annotation_set/500/annotation/306","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eZaban Park in Dunwoody is home to the Marcus Jewish Community Center of Atlanta. The area is named for philanthropist and community leader Erwin Zaban who gave and raised money for what was formerly undeveloped pastureland.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/40199/file/111841#t=180.0,210.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/40199/file/111841/annotation_set/500/annotation/307","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe Temple, or ‘Hebrew Benevolent Congregation,’ is Atlanta’s oldest Jewish congregation. The cornerstone was laid on The Temple on Garnett Street in 1875.  The dedication was held in 1877 and The Temple was located there until 1902.  The Temple’s next location on Pryor Street was dedicated in 1902. The Temple’s current location in Midtown on Peachtree Street was dedicated in 1931. The main sanctuary is on the National Register of Historic Places. The Reform congregation now totals approximately 1,500 families.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/40199/file/111841#t=240.0,270.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/40199/file/111841/annotation_set/500/annotation/308","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe Standard Club is a Jewish social club that started as the Concordia Association in 1867 in Downtown Atlanta. In 1905, it was reorganized as the ‘Standard Club’ and moved into the former mansion of William C. Sanders near the site of Georgia State Stadium (formerly Turner Field). In the late 1920’s the club moved to Ponce de Leon Avenue in Midtown Atlanta. Later, the club moved to what is now the Lenox Park business park and was located there until 1983. In the 1980’s, the club moved to its present location in Johns Creek in Atlanta’s northern suburbs.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/40199/file/111841#t=240.0,270.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/40199/file/111841/annotation_set/500/annotation/309","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe National Council of Jewish Women (NCJW) is an organization of volunteers and advocates, founded in the 1890’s, who turn progressive ideals in advocacy and philanthropy inspired by Jewish values.  They strive to improve the quality of life for women, children and families.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/40199/file/111841#t=240.0,270.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/40199/file/111841/annotation_set/500/annotation/310","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe Marcus Jewish Community Center of Atlanta is the primary Jewish community center in Atlanta.  It is located in Dunwoody, north of the city, and offers family-centric programs and events with programs, events, and classes that enrich the quality of family life.  Their programs include preschool, camping, fitness and sports, Jewish life and learning, arts and culture and social and educational programs.  It was named in honor of Bernard Marcus, one of the co-founders of Home Depot, who gave a major gift to the capital campaign.  The Atlanta Jewish Community Center (AJCC) on Peachtree Road in Midtown preceded it.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/40199/file/111841#t=270.0,300.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/40199/file/111841/annotation_set/500/annotation/311","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eRose Cherkas (1909-1959) was a native of Burlington, Illinois who resided in Atlanta for more than 20 years. In her professional career, she was an investigator for the United States Civil Service Commission. She was active in Junior Hadassah of Atlanta, president of the Business and Professional Women’s Division of Hadassah (1950-1951), as well as a founding member of the first Business and Professional Women’s Division of the Atlanta Jewish Welfare Fund, the precursor of the Atlanta Jewish Federation.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/40199/file/111841#t=360.0,390.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/40199/file/111841/annotation_set/500/annotation/312","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eEdward Krick (1916-2000) was born in Atlanta, Georgia. He was in the grocery business and, later, the real estate business. As a young man he was active in the Shearith Israel Juniors, a chapter of Young Judaea. He was a president of Congregation Shearith Israel. He served on the Boards of Trustees of the Atlanta Jewish Federation, the Atlanta Jewish Community Center, the Zionist Organization of America, and the Hebrew Academy of Atlanta.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/40199/file/111841#t=360.0,390.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/40199/file/111841/annotation_set/500/annotation/313","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe feminist movement, also known as ‘women's liberation,’ ‘women’s lib,’ the ‘women's movement,’ or ‘feminism’ refers to a series of campaigns for reforms on issues such as equal pay, reproductive rights, domestic violence, maternity leave, women's suffrage, sexual harassment, and sexual violence.  Feminism began in the western world in the late nineteenth century and has gone through three waves. First-wave feminism was oriented around the station of middle- or upper-class white women and involved suffrage and political equality. Second-wave feminism attempted to further combat social and cultural inequalities. Third-wave feminism is continuing to address financial, social and cultural inequalities.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/40199/file/111841#t=420.0,450.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/40199/file/111841/annotation_set/500/annotation/314","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eSarah Tontak Berkovitz (1917-2011) was president of the Atlanta Junior Hadassah and the Southeastern Region of Junior Hadassah. A native of Atlanta, she married Harry Berkovitz, an electrical engineer, in 1942, and subsequently resided in Glen Rock, NJ.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/40199/file/111841#t=450.0,480.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/40199/file/111841/annotation_set/500/annotation/315","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eHebrew Academy of Atlanta was established in 1953 as the first all-day Jewish day school in Atlanta, with Alex E. Milt chairing its organization committee. It was renamed the Katherine and Jacob Greenfield Hebrew Academy. In 2014, the Greenfield Hebrew Academy (grades pre-K through 8) and Yeshiva High School (grades 9-12) merged into one college preparatory day school that was renamed the Atlanta Jewish Academy.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/40199/file/111841#t=510.0,540.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/40199/file/111841/annotation_set/500/annotation/316","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eSamuel H. Rosenberg (1905-1962) was Executive Director the Atlanta Bureau of Education from 1949 to 1962. A native of New York, he was educated at Rabbi Isaac Elchanan Theological Seminary, City College of New York, Columbia University, and the University of Buffalo.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/40199/file/111841#t=510.0,540.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/40199/file/111841/annotation_set/500/annotation/317","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe Atlanta Bureau of Jewish Education (ABJE) was created in 1946 to foster Jewish education in the city. In 1947, it was instrumental in forming a Hebrew High School is Atlanta. Over the course of four decades, the Bureau offered services to schools, the community and individuals including curriculum guides for Atlanta-area public schools, Holocaust education programs, conferences, workshops, programs for teenagers in Israel, festivals, adult education, classes, lectures, and extension classes for Sunday school teachers. The organization also operated a lending library of Jewish books and resources. Samuel H. Rosenberg was its Executive Director from 1949 to 1962 and Hans Erman, a German Holocaust survivor born in 1914, served as its Executive Director from 1963 to 1969.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/40199/file/111841#t=510.0,540.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/40199/file/111841/annotation_set/500/annotation/318","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eAdult Institute of Jewish Studies was a program operated by the Atlanta Bureau of Jewish Education and hosted primarily at the Atlanta Jewish Community Center. The Institute offered weekly courses and lectures to adults in Judaism, Jewish culture, Jewish issues, Jewish literature, Yiddish, Hebrew, and Israeli dance.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/40199/file/111841#t=540.0,570.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/40199/file/111841/annotation_set/500/annotation/319","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eSchoen Free Kindergarten was dedicated by his family in memory of Moses Schoen in 1911. Moses, Isaac, and Samuel operated Schoen Brothers, a wholesale hide distributor in Atlanta.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/40199/file/111841#t=570.0,600.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/40199/file/111841/annotation_set/500/annotation/320","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eIn 1915, philanthropist Morris Hirsch established the Morris Hirsch Clinic to provide outpatient medical services to those unable to afford care. A dental program was added to the clinic in 1929. In 1956, the dental clinic moved to Pryor Street and was renamed the Ben Massell Dental Clinic. The brothers Irving and Marvin Goldstein, both dentists, supported a volunteer dental force that served 6,000 patients each year. The Ben Massell Dental Clinic is still in existence today.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/40199/file/111841#t=600.0,630.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/40199/file/111841/annotation_set/500/annotation/321","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe Jewish Welfare Fund was one of the preceding organizations of the current Jewish Federation of Greater Atlanta.  Its function was to fundraise for the Jewish community centrally and disperse it throughout the Jewish community (locally, nationally and internationally) rather than each Jewish institution trying to raise money individually.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/40199/file/111841#t=630.0,660.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/40199/file/111841/annotation_set/500/annotation/322","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eAtlanta Jewish Federation was a precursor of the Jewish Federation of Greater Atlanta, an organization which raises funds that are dispersed throughout the Jewish community.  Services also include caring for Jews in need locally and around the world, community outreach, leadership development, and educational opportunities.  It is part of the Jewish Federation of North America (JFNA).\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/40199/file/111841#t=660.0,690.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/40199/file/111841/annotation_set/500/annotation/323","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eJewish Family Services of Atlanta was an organization that began its life in 1890 as the Montefiore Relief Association. Its name and focus changed multiple times. It became a constituent agency of the Jewish Federation of Atlanta. In 1982 Jewish Family Services incorporated as a separate organization, although it continued to maintain its affiliation with the Federation. It operated the Jewish Family and Children’s Bureau and the Ben Massell Dental Clinic. Jewish Family Services merged with Jewish Vocational Services in 1997 to become Jewish Family and Career Services.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/40199/file/111841#t=690.0,720.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/40199/file/111841/annotation_set/500/annotation/324","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eFounded in 1904, Shearith Israel began as a congregation that met in the homes of congregants until 1906 when they began using a Methodist church on Hunter Street. After World War II, Rabbi Tobias Geffen moved the congregation to University Drive, where it became the first synagogue in DeKalb County. In the 1960’s, they removed the barrier between the men’s and women’s sections in the sanctuary and officially became affiliated with the Conservative movement in 2002.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/40199/file/111841#t=930.0,960.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/40199/file/111841/annotation_set/500/annotation/325","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eSamuel Ernest Vandiver Jr. (1918-2005), was an American politician who was the 73rd Governor of Georgia from 1959 to 1963.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/40199/file/111841#t=960.0,990.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/40199/file/111841/annotation_set/500/annotation/326","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eEmory University is a private university in Atlanta. It was founded in 1836 by a small group of Methodists and named in honor of Methodist bishop John Emory. Today it has nearly 3,000 faculty members and is ranked 20th among national universities in U.S. News \u0026amp; World Report’s 2014 rankings.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/40199/file/111841#t=1050.0,1080.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/40199/file/111841/annotation_set/500/annotation/327","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eIn 1973, the Yom Kippur War was fought by the coalition of Arab states led by Egypt and Syria against Israel from October 6 to October 25. The Arabs launched a surprise attack on Yom Kippur, the holiest day in Judaism. Egyptian and Syrian forces crossed ceasefire lines to enter the Sinai Peninsula and the Golan Heights, which had been captured by Israel in the 1967 Six­Day War. The Israelis managed to halt the Egyptian offensive and then forced them back to the pre­war lines. After the cease fire the Israelis withdrew from the Sinai Peninsula.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/40199/file/111841#t=1080.0,1110.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/40199/file/111841/annotation_set/500/annotation/328","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eTorah Umesorah–National Society for Hebrew Day Schools is an Orthodox Jewish educational organization based in the United States. It promotes Torah-based Jewish religious education in North America by supporting and developing a loosely affiliated network of independent private Jewish day schools. Torah Umesorah was founded in 1944 by Rabbi Shraga Feivel Mendlowitz.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/40199/file/111841#t=1170.0,1200.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/40199/file/111841/annotation_set/500/annotation/329","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eBeth Jacob is an Orthodox synagogue on LaVista Road in Atlanta founded in 1942 by former members of Ahavath Achim who were looking for a more Orthodox congregation. Beth Jacob is now Atlanta’s largest Orthodox congregation. The congregation first met in a rented grocery store on Parkway Drive. It moved to a permanent location on Boulevard when it purchased and renovated a two-story apartment building. In 1956, it converted the Tabernacle Baptist Church on Boulevard to a synagogue. It built its current synagogue building on a five-acre lot on LaVista Road in 1961. Rabbi Joseph Safra was the congregation’s first permanent rabbi in 1951, followed by Rabbi Emanuel Feldman from 1952 to 1991. Rabbi Ilan Feldman has been the congregation’s rabbi since his father Emanuel’s retirement in 1991.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/40199/file/111841#t=1170.0,1200.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/40199/file/111841/annotation_set/500/annotation/330","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eTorah Day School of Atlanta was founded in 1985 with an enrollment of approximately 25 students in grades 1 and 2.  Over the years it has grown and moved several times.  In 2003, it moved to LaVista Road with a state-of-the-art, full service school on 11 acres and 360 students. Its mission is to inspire students to observe the Torah, strive for personal excellence and to pursue life-long learning.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/40199/file/111841#t=1200.0,1230.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/40199/file/111841/annotation_set/500/annotation/331","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe Charles E. Smith Jewish Day School, often referred to as CESJDS or JDS, is a private, pluralistic Jewish K-12 school located in Rockville, Maryland. The school began in 1965 as a Solomon Schechter School in the basement of Ohr Kodesh in Chevy Chase, Maryland. The school was named in honor of Charles E. Smith, a local Jewish philanthropist and real estate magnate. The head of school is Rabbi Mitchel Malkus. The school has more than 1,000 students on two campuses.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/40199/file/111841#t=1230.0,1260.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/40199/file/111841/annotation_set/500/annotation/332","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe adherents of Orthodox Judaism, a traditional branch of Judaism that strictly follows the Written Torah and the Oral Law concerning prayer, dress, food, sex, family relations, social behavior, the Sabbath day, holidays and more.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/40199/file/111841#t=1230.0,1260.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/40199/file/111841/annotation_set/500/annotation/333","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eSylvia Glustrom Schwartz (1923-2017), a native of Atlanta, began her career in preschool education at the Atlanta Jewish Community Center in 1954 and was director of early childhood services at the Marcus Jewish Community Center of Atlanta when she retired in 1990. A member of Na’amat and Brandeis, where she worked at the book sale for many years. She was a past vice president of Congregation Shearith Israel and a consultant to the Shearith Israel religious school.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/40199/file/111841#t=1320.0,1350.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/40199/file/111841/annotation_set/500/annotation/334","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe Epstein School (also known as the Solomon Shechter School of Atlanta) is a private Jewish day school in the Atlanta area located in Sandy Springs. In 1973, Rabbi Harry H. Epstein and the leaders of Ahavath Achim synagogue wanted to create a Conservative Jewish day school. The first campus was housed at the synagogue. In 1987 the school moved to Sandy Springs.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/40199/file/111841#t=1320.0,1350.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/40199/file/111841/annotation_set/500/annotation/335","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eA modern Orthodox high school founded in 1971, which offered a well-rounded, Torah-based, college preparatory education to young Jewish men and women.  As of mid-2014 the Greenfield Hebrew Academy (grades pre-K through 8) and Yeshiva High School (grades 9-12) merged into one college preparatory day school now called the ‘Atlanta Jewish Academy.’\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/40199/file/111841#t=1410.0,1440.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/40199/file/111841/annotation_set/500/annotation/336","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe Atlanta Jewish Times is a weekly community newspaper serving the Jewish community of Atlanta, Georgia. Formerly the Southern Israelite, the publication’s name changed to the Atlanta Jewish Times in 1987.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/40199/file/111841#t=1440.0,1470.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/40199/file/111841/annotation_set/500/annotation/337","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eNa’amat had its origins in 1925 with the formation of the Women’s Organization for the Pioneer Women of Palestine, commonly referred to as “Pioneer Women.” Na’amat is the largest Jewish women’s organization in the world, counting more than 300,000 members in Israel and 9 sister organizations worldwide. It operates approximately 250 day care centers in Israel and provides funding for technological and agricultural high schools, a women’s shelter, legal aid bureaus, educational scholarships, women’s rights centers and women’s health centers. It is also a powerful voice in advocating for equal rights, religious freedom and world peace. During the 1930’s Pioneer Women changed its name to Na’amat, an acronym for Nashim Ovdot U'Mitnadvot (Hebrew: Working and Volunteering Women.). Na’amat is affiliated with the Labour Zionist Movement in Israel and the World Labor Zionist Movement.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/40199/file/111841#t=1590.0,1620.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/40199/file/111841/annotation_set/500/annotation/338","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003ePioneer Women was a Jewish women’s organization formed in 1925. Its name was changed in the 1930’s to Na’mat, an acronym for Nashim Ovdot U'Mitnadvot (Hebrew: Working and Volunteering Women.).\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/40199/file/111841#t=1590.0,1620.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/40199/file/111841/annotation_set/500/annotation/339","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eGolda Meir (1898-1978) was an Israeli teacher, politician, and the fourth Prime Minister of Israel.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/40199/file/111841#t=1620.0,1650.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/40199/file/111841/annotation_set/500/annotation/340","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eAliyah (Hebrew: ascent) is the immigration of Jews from the diaspora to Israel. It is one of the most basic tenets of Zionism.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/40199/file/111841#t=1620.0,1650.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/40199/file/111841/annotation_set/500/annotation/341","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe University of Chicago is a highly ranked private research university in Chicago, in the U.S. state of Illinois.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/40199/file/111841#t=1860.0,1890.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/40199/file/111841/annotation_set/500/annotation/342","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eGreat Books Program is a college or university curriculum inspired by the Great Books movement begun in the United States in the 1920’s that makes use of a list of great books. The great books are those that tradition, and various institutions and authorities, have regarded as constituting or best expressing the foundations of Western culture. The aim of such programs is a return to the Western Liberal Arts tradition in education. Great Books programs often include designated discussion groups as well as lectures, and have small class sizes. Students in such programs generally receive a high degree of individual attention from their professors.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/40199/file/111841#t=1860.0,1890.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/40199/file/111841/annotation_set/500/annotation/343","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eHillel: The Foundation for Jewish Campus Life is a Jewish campus organization. Its mission is to enrich the lives of Jewish students so they may enrich Jewish people and the world.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/40199/file/111841#t=1890.0,1920.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/40199/file/111841/annotation_set/500/annotation/344","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eGeorge Washington University (GW, GWU, or George Washington) is a private research university in Washington, D.C. Charted by an act of the United States Congress in 1821, GWU was founded on the basis of President George Washington’s wishes for a national university within the nation's capital. GWU is consistently ranked as one of the most prestigious and expensive universities in the United States.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/40199/file/111841#t=1890.0,1920.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/40199/file/111841/annotation_set/500/annotation/345","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe University of Maryland is a public research university located in the city of College Park, Maryland, approximately four miles from the northeast border of Washington, D.C.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/40199/file/111841#t=1920.0,1950.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/40199/file/111841/annotation_set/500/annotation/346","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eHarvard University is a private Ivy League research university in Cambridge, Massachusetts. Established in 1636 and named for clergyman John Harvard (its first benefactor), its history, influence, and wealth have made it one of the world's most prestigious universities. Harvard is the United States' oldest institution of higher learning.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/40199/file/111841#t=1920.0,1950.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/40199/file/111841/annotation_set/500/annotation/347","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe University of North Carolina at Greensboro (UNCG), also known as UNC Greensboro, is a public liberal arts and research university in Greensboro, North Carolina. The school was established as a women's college in 1891 and became a co-educational institution in 1963.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/40199/file/111841#t=1950.0,1980.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/40199/file/111841/annotation_set/500/annotation/348","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eA shochet is an adult male Jew who is trained and accredited by a rabbinic authority in the Jewish dietary laws. Specifically, a shochet slaughters animals in a way prescribed by Jewish dietary laws to avoid pain to the animal as much as possible, and to safeguard the health of the consumer.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/40199/file/111841#t=2040.0,2070.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/40199/file/111841/annotation_set/500/annotation/349","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eShabbos (Yiddish) or Shabbat (Hebrew) is the Jewish Sabbath, or day of rest, and is observed on Saturdays. Shabbos observance entails refraining from work activities, often with great rigor, and engaging in restful activities to honor the day. Shabbos begins at sundown on Friday night and is ushered in by lighting candles and reciting a blessing. It is closed the following evening with the recitation of the havdalah blessing.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/40199/file/111841#t=2070.0,2100.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/40199/file/111841/annotation_set/500/annotation/350","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eCheder is a Hebrew word for ‘room.’ It is a Jewish religious elementary school for boys. Religious classes were usually held in a room attached to a synagogue or in the private home of a teacher called a ‘melamed.’ It was traditional for boys to start cheder at three or five years old, learning to read Hebrew from a primer and studying the Book of Leviticus.  Girls did not attend cheder.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/40199/file/111841#t=2160.0,2190.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/40199/file/111841/annotation_set/500/annotation/351","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eHunter College is a public university and one of the constituent organizations of the City University of New York, located in the Lenox Hill neighborhood of Manhattan’s Upper East Side.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/40199/file/111841#t=2190.0,2220.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/40199/file/111841/annotation_set/500/annotation/352","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eScarlet fever is an infectious disease which most commonly affects four- to eight-year-old children. Symptoms include sore throat, fever, and a characteristic red rash. It is usually spread by inhalation. Before the availability of antibiotics, scarlet fever was a major cause of death.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/40199/file/111841#t=2310.0,2340.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/40199/file/111841/annotation_set/500/annotation/353","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003ePiedmont Park is a 189-acre park located just north of downtown Atlanta. It was originally designed by Joseph Forsyth Johnson to host the first Piedmont Exhibition in 1887.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/40199/file/111841#t=2520.0,2550.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/40199/file/111841/annotation_set/500/annotation/354","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eChallah is a special Jewish braided bread eaten on Sabbath and Jewish holidays.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/40199/file/111841#t=2580.0,2610.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/40199/file/111841/annotation_set/500/annotation/355","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eShul is a Yiddish word for synagogue that is derived from a German word meaning “school,” and emphasizes the synagogue's role as a place of study.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/40199/file/111841#t=2580.0,2610.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/40199/file/111841/annotation_set/500/annotation/356","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eRetinitis pigmentosa is a genetic disorder of the eyes that causes loss of vision.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/40199/file/111841#t=2610.0,2640.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/40199/file/111841/annotation_set/500/annotation/357","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eTo daven is to recite Jewish liturgical prayers during which the prayer sways or rocks lightly.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/40199/file/111841#t=2610.0,2640.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/40199/file/111841/annotation_set/500/annotation/358","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eTefillah is a Hebrew term for prayer, and may refer specifically to  the Amidah prayer, the central prayer of the Jewish liturgy recited three times on a regular weekday. Tefillah is also one of many terms for prayer in general.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/40199/file/111841#t=2610.0,2640.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/40199/file/111841/annotation_set/500/annotation/359","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eGa’on is a Hebrew title of honor to describe excellence in Jewish learning.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/40199/file/111841#t=2610.0,2640.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/40199/file/111841/annotation_set/500/annotation/360","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eHebrew for ‘platform.’ The bimah is a raised structure in the synagogue from which the Torah is read and from which prayers are led.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/40199/file/111841#t=2670.0,2700.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/40199/file/111841/annotation_set/500/annotation/361","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eHebrew for ‘study.’  The legal code spanning 1,000 years and based on the teachings of the Bible, the Talmud interprets biblical laws and commandments. It also contains a rich store of historic facts and traditions.  It has two divisions: the Mishnah and the Gemara. The Mishnah is the interpretation of Biblical law. The Gemara is a commentary on the Mishnah by a group of later scholars.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/40199/file/111841#t=2700.0,2730.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/40199/file/111841/annotation_set/500/annotation/362","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe Mishnah is a part of the Talmud, which is the central text of Rabbinic Judaism. The Talmud is the basis for all codes of Jewish law.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/40199/file/111841#t=2700.0,2730.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/40199/file/111841/annotation_set/500/annotation/363","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eAn organization of Jewish men and women who see to it that the bodies of Jews are prepared for burial according to Jewish tradition. The task is considered a laudable one as the recipient cannot return the gift. It is referred to as a ‘good deed of truth.’\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/40199/file/111841#t=2850.0,2880.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/40199/file/111841/annotation_set/500/annotation/364","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe Curtis Institute of Music is a conservatory in Philadelphia that offers courses of study leading to a performance diploma, Bachelor of Music, Master of Music in Opera, or Professional Studies Certificate in Opera. All pupils attend on full scholarship and admission is extremely competitive. It is among the most selective institutes of higher education in the world with a 4.8 percent admissions rate.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/40199/file/111841#t=2910.0,2940.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/40199/file/111841/annotation_set/500/annotation/365","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eRice University, officially William Marsh Rice University, is a private research university in Houston, Texas. It is located on a 295-acre campus, close to the Houston Museum District and adjacent to the Texas Medical Center.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/40199/file/111841#t=2910.0,2940.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/40199/file/111841/annotation_set/500/annotation/366","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eLeopold Auer (1845–1930) was a Hungarian-American violinist, teacher, conductor, and composer. He was best known as an outstanding violin teacher. From1868 to 1917, he was a violin professor at the Saint Petersburg Conservatory in Russia. Beginning in 1928, he was on the faculty of the Curtis Institute of Music in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. Among his pupils were such famous performers as Mischa Elman, Jascha Heifetz, Efrem Zimbalist, and Nathan Milstein.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/40199/file/111841#t=2940.0,2970.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/40199/file/111841/annotation_set/500/annotation/367","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe Ramaz School is a private, co-educational, Jewish Modern Orthodox Day School, which offers a dual curriculum of general studies taught in English and Judaic studies taught in Hebrew. The school is located on the Upper East Side of Manhattan in New York City. In 1937, Congregation Kehilath Jeshurun and its rabbi, Joseph Hyman Lookstein, helped to found and finance the school.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/40199/file/111841#t=2940.0,2970.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/40199/file/111841/annotation_set/500/annotation/368","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eHarris Levin (1861-1955), an immigrant from Kovno, Russia [now Kaunas, Lithuania], operated a grocery store on Pulliam Street in Atlanta.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/40199/file/111841#t=3060.0,3090.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/40199/file/111841/annotation_set/500/annotation/369","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eSamuel Krick (1860-1945).\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/40199/file/111841#t=3090.0,3120.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/40199/file/111841/annotation_set/500/annotation/370","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eAhavath Achim was founded in 1887 in a small room on Gilmer Street. In 1901 they moved to a permanent building at the corner of Piedmont and Gilmer Street. In 1921, the congregation constructed a synagogue at Washington Street and Woodward Avenue. The final service in that building was held in 1958 to make way for construction of the Downtown Connector (the concurrent section of Interstate 75 and Interstate 85 through Atlanta). The synagogue moved to its current location on Peachtree Battle Avenue in 1958.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/40199/file/111841#t=3240.0,3270.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/40199/file/111841/annotation_set/500/annotation/371","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eKaddish (Hebrew for ‘holy’) is a hymn of praises to God found in the Jewish prayer service that is recited aloud while standing. The central theme of the Kaddish is the magnification and sanctification of God's name. Along with the Shema and Amidah, the Kaddish is one of the most important and central elements in the Jewish liturgy.  Mourner's Kaddish is said at all prayer services and certain other occasions. Following the death of a parent, child, spouse, or sibling it is customary to recite the Mourner's Kaddish in the presence of a congregation daily for 30 days, or 11 months in the case of a parent, and then at every anniversary of the death. It is important to note that the Mourner's Kaddish does not mention death at all, but instead praises God.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/40199/file/111841#t=3240.0,3270.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/40199/file/111841/annotation_set/500/annotation/372","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eBar mitzvah (Hebrew for ‘son of commandment’), is a rite of passage for Jewish boys aged 13 years and one day.  At that time, a Jewish boy is considered a responsible adult for most religious purposes.  He is now duty bound to keep the commandments, he puts on tefillin, and may be counted to the minyan quorum for public worship.  He celebrates the bar mitzvah by being called up to the reading of the Torah in the synagogue, usually on the next available Sabbath after his Hebrew birthday.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/40199/file/111841#t=3240.0,3270.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/40199/file/111841/annotation_set/500/annotation/373","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThose who adhere to Reform Judaism, a division within Judaism especially in North America and Western Europe. Historically it began in the nineteenth century. In general, the Reform movement maintains that Judaism and Jewish traditions should be modernized and compatible with participation in Western culture. While the Torah remains the law, in Reform Judaism women are included (mixed seating, bat mitzvah and women rabbis), music is allowed in the services, and most of the service is in English.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/40199/file/111841#t=3300.0,3330.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/40199/file/111841/annotation_set/500/annotation/374","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eSephardic Jews are the Jews of Spain, Portugal, North Africa and the Middle East and their descendants. The adjective “Sephardic” and corresponding nouns Sephardi (singular) and Sephardim (plural) are derived from the Hebrew word ‘Sepharad,’ which refers to Spain. Historically, the vernacular language of Sephardic Jews was Ladino, a Romance language derived from Old Spanish, incorporating elements from the old Romance languages of the Iberian Peninsula, Hebrew, Aramaic, and in the lands receiving those who were exiled, Ottoman Turkish, Arabic, Greek, Bulgarian and Serbo-Croatian vocabulary.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/40199/file/111841#t=3360.0,3390.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/40199/file/111841/annotation_set/500/annotation/375","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003e[1] Sidney R. Tourial (1943- ), a native Atlantan, is a dentist in private practice with a specialty in prosthodontics, the cosmetic restoration and replacement of teeth. He was a Clinical Instructor and Associate Professor of Fixed Prosthodontics at Emory University from 1971 to 1984. He is a past president of the Georgia Dental Association. He was a past president of Congregation Or VeShalom and has been a board member of the Atlanta Jewish Community Center (now Marcus Jewish Community Center of Atlanta) and the Epstein School.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/40199/file/111841#t=3360.0,3390.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/40199/file/111841/annotation_set/500/annotation/376","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eAshkenazic or Ashkenazi is an ethnic division of Jews which formed in the Holy Roman Empire in the early 1000’s. They established communities in central and eastern Europe. Sometime in the early medieval period, the Jews of central and eastern Europe came to be called by this term.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/40199/file/111841#t=3420.0,3450.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/40199/file/111841/annotation_set/500/annotation/377","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eA person who observes commandments for the Jewish Sabbath from sundown Friday evening until sundown Saturday evening.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/40199/file/111841#t=3450.0,3480.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/40199/file/111841/annotation_set/500/annotation/378","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003ePlural form of tallis, a prayer shawl fringed at each of the four corners in accordance with biblical law. The wearing of tallis at worship is obligatory only for married men, but it is customarily worn also by males of bar mitzvah age and older.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/40199/file/111841#t=3630.0,3660.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/40199/file/111841/annotation_set/500/annotation/379","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe chanting of Sheva B’rachot, or Seven Blessings, is a traditional part of the Jewish wedding ceremony. Taken from the pages of the Talmud, the blessings begin with the kiddush over wine and increase in intensity. It is no accident that there are seven blessings, given there are seven days of creation. It is a common custom for the blessings to be chanted by a chazzan or rabbi, if they preside over the wedding ceremony.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/40199/file/111841#t=3630.0,3660.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/40199/file/111841/annotation_set/500/annotation/380","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eHebrew for ‘canopy.’ The canopy under which a Jewish wedding takes place.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/40199/file/111841#t=3630.0,3660.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/40199/file/111841/annotation_set/500/annotation/381","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eRabbi David Marx was a long-time rabbi at The Temple in Atlanta, Georgia. He led the move toward Reform Judaism practices. He served as rabbi from 1895 to 1946. When he retired, Rabbi Jacob Rothschild took the pulpit that Rabbi Marx had held for more than half a century.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/40199/file/111841#t=3660.0,3690.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/40199/file/111841/annotation_set/500/annotation/382","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eJewish men cover their heads during prayer with a small skull-cap called a ‘yarmulke’ or ‘kippah.’  Orthodox Jewish men wear it at all times to remind themselves of God’s presence.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/40199/file/111841#t=3660.0,3690.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/40199/file/111841/annotation_set/500/annotation/383","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eWorld War II (often abbreviated to WWII or WW2), also known as the Second World War, was a global war that lasted from 1939 to 1945, although related conflicts began earlier. It involved the vast majority of the world's countries—including all of the great powers—eventually forming two opposing military alliances: the Allies and the Axis. It was the most widespread war in history, and directly involved more than 100 million people from over 30 countries. Marked by mass deaths of civilians, including the Holocaust (in which approximately 6 million Jews were killed) and the strategic bombing of industrial and population centers (in which approximately one million were killed, and which included the atomic bombings of Hiroshima and Nagasaki), it resulted in an estimated 50 million to 85 million fatalities. These made World War II the deadliest conflict in human history\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/40199/file/111841#t=3720.0,3750.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/40199/file/111841/annotation_set/500/annotation/384","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe Jewish Progressive Club was a Jewish social organization that was established in 1913 by Russian Jews who felt unwelcome at the Standard Club, where German Jews were predominant. At first the club was located in a rented house until a new club was built on Pryor Street including a swimming pool and a gym. In 1940 the club opened a larger facility at 1050 Techwood Drive in Midtown with three swimming pools, tennis and softball. In 1976 the club moved north to 1160 Moore’s Mill Road near Interstate 75. The property was eventually sold as the club faced financial challenges and the Carl E. Sanders Family YMCA at Buckhead opened in 1996.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/40199/file/111841#t=3750.0,3780.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/40199/file/111841/annotation_set/500/annotation/385","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eEphraim Frankel (1930-2012), an immigrant from Cologne, Germany, was headmaster for the Atlanta Hebrew Academy (now the Atlanta Jewish Academy) for 23 years. Before relocating to Atlanta to become head of the Atlanta Hebrew Academy in 1967, he lived in Israel; Baltimore, Maryland; Boston, Massachusetts; and Ottawa, Canada. After his retirement, he relocated to Highland Park, New Jersey. He obtained a bachelor’s degree from Yeshiva University, a master’s degree from Boston University, and a doctorate from Georgia State University.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/40199/file/111841#t=3870.0,3900.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/40199/file/111841/annotation_set/500/annotation/386","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eSpecial education (also known as special needs education, aided education, exceptional education or Special Ed) is the practice of educating students with special educational needs in a way that addresses their individual differences and needs.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/40199/file/111841#t=3990.0,4020.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/40199/file/111841/annotation_set/500/annotation/387","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eEnglish as a Second Language, commonly abbreviated as ESL are programs that educate students who are not native English speakers.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/40199/file/111841#t=3990.0,4020.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/40199/file/111841/annotation_set/500/annotation/388","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eAn ulpan is an institute or school for the intensive study of Hebrew.  The Hebrew word means “teaching” or “instruction.”\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/40199/file/111841#t=4020.0,4050.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/40199/file/111841/annotation_set/500/annotation/389","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eA person who is old-fashioned and fussy.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/40199/file/111841#t=4260.0,4290.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/40199/file/111841/annotation_set/500/annotation/390","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eAtlanta–Fulton County Stadium, often referred to as ‘Fulton County Stadium’ and originally named ‘Atlanta Stadium,’ was built to attract a major league baseball team. In 1966 it succeeded when the Milwaukee Braves relocated to Atlanta. The stadium was built on the site of the cleared Washington-Rawson neighborhood, which had been a wealthy area and home to much of Atlanta’s Jewish community. The Braves continued to play at Fulton County Stadium until the end of the 1996 season, when they moved into Turner Field, the converted Centennial Olympic Stadium originally built for the 1996 Summer Olympics. The stadium was demolished in 1997.  A parking lot for Turner Field now stands on the site. In 2016, the property was purchased by Georgia State with plans to build a new park for its baseball team within the footprint of Atlanta–Fulton County Stadium.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/40199/file/111841#t=4530.0,4560.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/40199/file/111841/annotation_set/500/annotation/391","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eDruid Hills is an affluent neighborhood in the city of Atlanta, Georgia. The main campus of Emory University and the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) are located in Druid Hills. Druid Hills was designed by Frederick Law Olmsted and was one of his last commissions. A showpiece of the design was the string of parks along Ponce de Leon Avenue, which was designated as Druid Hills Parks and Parkways and listed on the National Register of Historic Places on April 11, 1975. The remainder of the development was listed on the Register as the Druid Hills Historic District on October 25, 1979.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/40199/file/111841#t=4560.0,4590.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/40199/file/111841/annotation_set/500/annotation/392","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eMorningside/Lenox Park is a neighborhood in Atlanta, Georgia founded in 1923. It is located north of Virginia-Highland, east of Ansley Park and west of Druid Hills. Approximately 3,500 households comprise the neighborhood that includes the original subdivisions of Morningside, Lenox Park, University Park, Noble Park, Johnson Estates and Hylan Park. After World War II, residents of heavily Jewish Washington-Rawson and Summerhill neighborhoods south of the State Capitol relocated to northeast Atlanta including Morningside when those old Jewish neighborhoods were demolished to make way for the Downtown Connector freeway and Turner Field.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/40199/file/111841#t=4560.0,4590.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/40199/file/111841/annotation_set/500/annotation/393","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eParent Teacher Association (PTA) is a national organization with affiliations in local schools throughout the United States composed of parents, teachers and staff, and devoted to the educational success of children and the promotion of parent involvement in schools.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/40199/file/111841#t=4590.0,4620.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/40199/file/111841/annotation_set/500/annotation/394","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eMorningside Elementary School is an Atlanta Public School that opened in 1929 in the Morningside neighborhood of Atlanta, Georgia. Morningside feeds into Inman Middle School and Grady High School. It serves the neighborhoods of Morningside, Lenox Park, Sherwood Forest, Piedmont Heights, and Ansley Park.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/40199/file/111841#t=4620.0,4650.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/40199/file/111841/annotation_set/500/annotation/395","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eJames L. Key Elementary School was located at Ormond Street and Capital Avenue in Atlanta, Georgia and was in existence from at least the 1940’s through the 1960’s.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/40199/file/111841#t=4620.0,4650.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/40199/file/111841/annotation_set/500/annotation/396","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eA phrase meaning with all one's might or very vigorously, an allusion to the blacksmith's tools.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/40199/file/111841#t=4680.0,4710.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/40199/file/111841/annotation_set/500/annotation/397","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) is the leading national public health institute of the United States. The CDC is a United States federal agency under the Department of Health and Human Services, headquartered near Atlanta, Georgia.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/40199/file/111841#t=4920.0,4950.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/40199/file/111841/annotation_set/500/annotation/398","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eRabbi Chaim Feuerman (1929-2017) was a professor of education at Yeshiva University from 1989 to 2017. He was a graduate of City College of New York (CCNY) and was ordained at the Jewish Theological Seminary (JTS). He was a U.S. Air Force Chaplain and Captain in the Air Force Reserves. Among his positions as head of Jewish day schools, he was director of the Atlanta Jewish Academy (AJA) from 1961 to 1967, during which time he initiated the study that lead to accreditation of the AJA by the Southern Association of Colleges and Schools (SACS).\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/40199/file/111841#t=4950.0,4980.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/40199/file/111841/annotation_set/500/annotation/399","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eHenry Birnbrey (1923- ) is an Atlanta certified public accountant and attorney who emigrated from Dortmund, Germany to the United States on a kindertransport in 1938 sponsored by the Birmingham, Alabama section of National Council of Jewish Women. He resided in foster homes and in the Hebrew Orphans' Home in Atlanta after his arrival in America. He served two terms as President of the Hebrew Academy of Atlanta during which time it became the first Jewish Day School in the United States to receive accreditation from the Southern Association of Colleges and Schools (SACS). He was in the United States Army during World War II. He participated in the invasion of Normandy and witnessed the liberation of concentration camp victims at the end of the war.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/40199/file/111841#t=5130.0,5160.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/40199/file/111841/annotation_set/500/annotation/400","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe Southern Association of Colleges and Schools (SACS) is one of the six regional accreditation organizations recognized by the United States Department of Education and the Council for Higher Education Accreditation. This agency accredits over 13,000 public and private educational institutions ranging from preschool to college level in the Southern United States.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/40199/file/111841#t=5160.0,5190.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/40199/file/111841/annotation_set/500/annotation/401","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eAbbreviation for Doctor of Philosophy, the highest academic degree awarded by universities in most countries.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/40199/file/111841#t=5250.0,5280.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/40199/file/111841/annotation_set/500/annotation/402","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe Westminster Schools is a private Christian day school in Atlanta, Georgia that originated in 1951 as a reorganization of the North Avenue Presbyterian School, a girls' school, and an affiliate of the North Avenue Presbyterian Church. Dr. William L. Pressly served as Westminster's first president. In 1953, Washington Seminary, another private school for girls founded by two of George Washington's great-nieces in 1878, merged with Westminster. The resulting school was co-educational until the sixth grade, with separate schools for boys and girls continuing through the twelfth grade, a practice that continued until 1986 and provided the basis of Westminster's plural name.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/40199/file/111841#t=5340.0,5370.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/40199/file/111841/annotation_set/500/annotation/403","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eUnthinkingly enthusiastic and eager\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/40199/file/111841#t=5370.0,5400.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/40199/file/111841/annotation_set/500/annotation/404","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eA modern Orthodox high school founded in 1971, which offered a well-rounded, Torah-based, college preparatory education to young Jewish men and women.  As of mid-2014 the Greenfield Hebrew Academy (grades pre-K through 8) and Yeshiva High School (grades 9-12) merged into one college preparatory day school now called the ‘Atlanta Jewish Academy.’\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/40199/file/111841#t=5460.0,5490.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/40199/file/111841/annotation_set/500/annotation/405","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eIrwin Krick (1914-1993) was born in Atlanta and attended Atlanta Public Schools. He was involved in Zionist youth organizations like B’nai B’rith and Aaronean Club. He was one of the founding members and a president of Congregation Beth El in Atlanta, a Conservative synagogue in Atlanta from 1954 to 1961. He served in the United States Navy during World War II. He owned a grocery store that was part of the Associated Grocer Co-op, Inc.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/40199/file/111841#t=5610.0,5640.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/40199/file/111841/annotation_set/500/annotation/406","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eAssociated Grocers Co-op Inc., originally founded as Atlanta Saving Stores in 1929 and later known as Quality Service Stores, bought merchandise collectively, and in turn, sold it to their member owners at the lowest possible cost. It was founded by eight Atlanta Jewish grocers, who met at the home of Dr. Irving Greenberg. The membership remained entirely Jewish until the 1930’s, when it expanded to include grocers from the general community. Most of the small stores were not passed down to the next generation and simply went out of business. Associated Grocers Co-op closed in 1988.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/40199/file/111841#t=5730.0,5760.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/40199/file/111841/annotation_set/500/annotation/407","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eJack Maziar (1908-1997), a native of Russia, was a manager at Associated Grocers Co-op in Atlanta from 1929 to 1971, which bought merchandise and sold it to member retail grocery owners, eliminating the wholesaler. He set up the Associated Grocers Credit Union. He was active in the East Point Rotary Club, headed the grocery division of the Atlanta Jewish Federation, and was treasurer of the Atlanta Bureau of Jewish Education.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/40199/file/111841#t=5760.0,5790.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/40199/file/111841/annotation_set/500/annotation/408","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe Great Atlantic \u0026amp; Pacific Tea Company, better known as ‘A\u0026amp;P,’ is a supermarket and liquor store chain in the United States that was founded in 1859.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/40199/file/111841#t=5760.0,5790.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/40199/file/111841/annotation_set/500/annotation/409","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe Alterman family owned and operated Alterman Foods, Inc. a retail and wholesale grocery business founded in 1923 by Louis Alterman and operated by his five sons David, Isadore, Max, George, and Sam. Alterman Foods opened the first supermarket in Atlanta on Marietta Street. The store was named Big Apple after a popular dance of the time. The company operated a retail division  under the names of Big Apple and Food Giant Supermarkets. Its wholesale division was known as ABC Food Stores. Alterman Foods expanded to one-third of all the retail groceries in Georgia. In 1980, the business was sold to Delhaize and CIE \"Le Lion\" S.A., a Belgium conglomerate.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/40199/file/111841#t=5790.0,5820.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/40199/file/111841/annotation_set/500/annotation/410","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eHarry S. Glassman (1908-1990) was an Atlanta businessman whose business, Harry Glassman and Company, expanded from selling insurance to real estate sales. He was an active member of the ZOA (Zionist Organization of America), serving as a president of its Atlanta District.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/40199/file/111841#t=5910.0,5940.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/40199/file/111841/annotation_set/500/annotation/411","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eIrwin Greenbaum (1915 - 2002) and his brother Leonard Greenbaum (1912-1999) were co-founders of a chain of family-owned retail wine, beer, and liquor stores which opened its first store on Ponce De Leon  Avenue in Atlanta, Georgia in 1938. The two brothers went their separate ways in 1963 when new city and state laws limited the number of liquor stores to two per family. Irwin called his stores Tower, and Leonard kept the name Green's.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/40199/file/111841#t=5910.0,5940.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/40199/file/111841/annotation_set/500/annotation/412","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eRabbi Tobias Geffen (1870-1970) was an Orthodox rabbi and leader of Shearith Israel in Atlanta from 1910-1970. He is widely known for his 1935 decision that certified Coca-Cola as kosher. He also organized the first Hebrew school in Atlanta, and standardized regulation of kosher supervision in the Atlanta area.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/40199/file/111841#t=6030.0,6060.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/40199/file/111841/annotation_set/500/annotation/413","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eRabbi Sydney K. Mossman (1913-1971) was born in Windsor, Canada. He served in Germany during and after World War II. He served for many years at Shearith Israel in Atlanta, Georgia.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/40199/file/111841#t=6120.0,6150.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/40199/file/111841/annotation_set/500/annotation/414","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eRabbi Arnold Heisler was first the assistant rabbi of Shearith Israel from 1952 and when Rabbi Tobias Geffen semi-retired, becoming rabbi emeritus, he assumed the position of running the daily life of the synagogue until 1956 when Rabbi Sydney Mossman came.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/40199/file/111841#t=6120.0,6150.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/40199/file/111841/annotation_set/500/annotation/415","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eRabbi Hyman R. (Chaim Raphael) Friedman (1913-2000) was associate rabbi for Congregation Shearith Israel in Atlanta, Georgia from 1943 to 1952, and the head of the Atlanta Hebrew School at Congregation Shearith Israel. He was a native of Bronx, New York who graduated from Yeshiva College with smicha from the Rabbi Isaac Elchanan Theological Seminary. He was remembered for initiating Junior Congregation services on Saturday mornings for Shearith Israel’s bar mitzvah students. After leaving Atlanta, he served as rabbi at Congregation Tifereth Israel in Winthrop, Massachusetts until his retirement, when he relocated to Silver Spring, Maryland.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/40199/file/111841#t=6120.0,6150.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/40199/file/111841/annotation_set/500/annotation/416","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eH. Stephen “Steve” Merlin was born in Atlanta in 1948. He is an attorney in Atlanta, having earned his law degree at Emory University. He was president of Congregation Shearith Israel, and a board member for the Atlanta Jewish Federation of Greater Atlanta, the Hebrew Academy, the Weber School, and the William Breman Jewish Home.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/40199/file/111841#t=6150.0,6180.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/40199/file/111841/annotation_set/500/annotation/417","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eBarbara Ellison Rosenblit (1948- ), an Atlanta native, is a Humanities and Jewish Studies Teacher and Director of Mentoring at The Weber School in Atlanta (2018). A teacher at The Weber School beginning in 1997, she also taught in Israel. She was the winner of the 2004 Covenant Award for outstanding Jewish educators in North America. She was a Jewish Women’s Archive(JWA) board member. She received a bachelor’s degrees from Brandeis University and graduate degrees from Columbia University Teachers College and Emory University.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/40199/file/111841#t=6150.0,6180.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/40199/file/111841/annotation_set/500/annotation/418","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eRabbi Donald Frieman was rabbi at Congregation Shearith Israel in Atlanta from 1970 to 1975 after serving as rabbi for Temple Beth Torah in Westbury, Long Island and as a chaplain the United States Army. He was president of the Atlanta Rabbinical Association from 1973 to 1974. Rabbi Frieman was ordained at the Jewish Theological Seminary. He was the author of Milestones in the Life of the Jew.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/40199/file/111841#t=6180.0,6210.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/40199/file/111841/annotation_set/500/annotation/419","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eRabbi Nissim Wernick was born in Brooklyn, New York in 1939 and served as rabbi of Congregation Shearith Israel in Atlanta, Georgia, from 1968 to 1970. He received undergraduate degrees from Long Island University, a graduate degree and rabbinic ordination from the Jewish Theological Seminary, and a doctoral degree from Brigham Young University. His career also included rabbinical posts at Beth Tifiloh Congregation in Baltimore, Maryland, Congregation Montefiore in Salt Lake City, Utah, and Ahavath Achim Hebrew congregation in Wichita, Kansas. He was founding rabbi for the Ohev Shalom, the first Conservatoire synagogue in South Africa. He held various faculty positions at Emory University in Atlanta, American College Jerusalem in Israel, and Florida International University in Miami.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/40199/file/111841#t=6180.0,6210.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/40199/file/111841/annotation_set/500/annotation/420","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eRabbi Marc H. Wilson was born in Chicago, Illinois in 1949 and was a rabbi at Congregation Shearith Israel in Atlanta from 1975 to 1985.  He received a bachelor's degree from De Paul University, and rabbinic ordination from Hebrew Theological College in Chicago. He was the founding principal of Morton Grove Community Hebrew School in Chicago in 1970. After leaving Shearith Israel, he served as rabbi for Temple Israel in Charlotte and Beth Israel in Greenville, South Carolina. He is the author of columns and commentaries published in the Atlanta Jewish Times, Columbia State, Reader’s Digest, the Washington Post, Philadelphia Inquirer, Chicago Tribune, and in his blog, marcmusing.blogspot.com. He was the founder of Greenville Faith Communities United and its successor, MeetingPoint, and Torah Chayim, an interfaith organization. He was founding chairperson of St. Baldrick’s Day for childhood cancer research. \u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/40199/file/111841#t=6210.0,6240.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/40199/file/111841/annotation_set/500/annotation/421","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eUnicoi State Park and Lodge is in the Chattahoochee National Forest, near the alpine Village of Helen, Georgia. The lodge has 100 guest rooms and 30 cabins located in the 1,050 Acre Unicoi State Park. The lodge overlooks the 53-Acre Unicoi Lake and is near Anna Ruby Falls.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/40199/file/111841#t=6240.0,6270.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/40199/file/111841/annotation_set/500/annotation/422","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eZemirot or z'mirot are Jewish hymns, usually sung in the Hebrew or Aramaic languages, but sometimes also in Yiddish or Ladino. The best known zemirot are those sung around the table during Shabbat and Jewish holidays.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/40199/file/111841#t=6330.0,6360.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/40199/file/111841/annotation_set/500/annotation/423","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eRabbi Mark Kunis is the head of Congregation Shaarei Shamayim in Atlanta. Rabbi Kunis has been a former President of the Atlanta Rabbinical Association, the founder of MORASHA, The Rabbinic Fellowship of the Union for Traditional Judaism and President of the Federation of Traditional Orthodox Rabbis.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/40199/file/111841#t=6390.0,6420.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/40199/file/111841/annotation_set/500/annotation/424","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eShomer Shabbat is a term used to describe a person who “keeps” the Sabbath. Someone who is shomer Shabbat or shomer Shabbos observes all the laws and commandments of the Jewish Sabbath. \u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/40199/file/111841#t=6450.0,6480.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/40199/file/111841/annotation_set/500/annotation/425","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eAliyah in Hebrew means ‘ascent’ or ‘going up.’ An aliyah is the calling of a member of a Jewish congregation to the bimah for a segment of reading from the Torah. The person who receives the aliyah goes up to the bimah before the reading and recites a blessing thanking God for giving the Torah to the Jewish nation. After the reading, the recipient then recites another concluding blessing.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/40199/file/111841#t=6450.0,6480.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/40199/file/111841/annotation_set/500/annotation/426","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eIn Orthodox synagogues men and women do not sit together and are separated by a mechitza (Hebrew: partition or division).  Men and women are generally not separated in most Conservative synagogues, although it is a permissible option. Reform and Reconstructionist Judaism, consistent with their view that traditional religious law is not mandatory in modern times, do not use mechitzot in their synagogues.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/40199/file/111841#t=6480.0,6510.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/40199/file/111841/annotation_set/500/annotation/427","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eRobert's Rules of Order Newly Revised, commonly referred to as Robert’s Rules of Order (or simply Robert’s Rules), is the most widely used manual of parliamentary procedure in the United States. It governs the meetings of a diverse range of organizations—including church groups, county commissions, homeowners associations, nonprofit associations, professional societies, school boards, and trade unions—that have adopted it as their parliamentary authority.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/40199/file/111841#t=6540.0,6570.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/40199/file/111841/annotation_set/500/annotation/428","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003ePlural form of Sabbat, the Jewish Sabbath, a day of rest that is observed on Saturdays.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/40199/file/111841#t=6570.0,6600.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/40199/file/111841/annotation_set/500/annotation/429","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe two High Holy Days are Rosh Ha-Shanah (Jewish New Year) and Yom Kippur (Day of Atonement).\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/40199/file/111841#t=6570.0,6600.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/40199/file/111841/annotation_set/500/annotation/430","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eRabbi Judah Kogen served as rabbi for Congregation Shearith Israel during the late 1980's. He was born in Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada in 1949. He was ordained at the Jewish Theological Seminary of America and received undergraduate and graduate degrees from there as well as a graduate degree from Columbia University. He also served as a rabbi in numerous other Conservative congregations in cities including Linden, New Jersey, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, Swampscott, Massachusetts, Larchmont, New York, Newington, Connecticut, and Wichita, Kansas.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/40199/file/111841#t=6660.0,6690.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/40199/file/111841/annotation_set/500/annotation/431","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eA shofar is an ancient musical horn made of ram's horn, used for Jewish religious purposes.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/40199/file/111841#t=6690.0,6720.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/40199/file/111841/annotation_set/500/annotation/432","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eRebecca's Tent is a homeless shelter housed in Congregation Shearith Israel in Atlanta, Georgia that provides hot meals and beds to women during winter months.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/40199/file/111841#t=6720.0,6750.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/40199/file/111841/annotation_set/500/annotation/433","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eJewish Family Services of Atlanta was an organization that began its life in 1890 as the Montefiore Relief Association. Its name and focus changed multiple times. It became a constituent agency of the Jewish Federation of Atlanta. In 1982 Jewish Family Services incorporated as a separate organization, although it continued to maintain its affiliation with the Federation. It operated the Jewish Family and Children’s Bureau and the Ben Massell Dental Clinic. Jewish Family Services merged with Jewish Vocational Services in 1997 to become Jewish Family and Career Services.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/40199/file/111841#t=6810.0,6840.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/40199/file/111841/annotation_set/500/annotation/434","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eHelen Wasserman Spiegel (1923-2017) was born in Nuremburg, Germany, immigrated to Boston, Massachusetts in 1938 after Kristallnacht, and moved to Atlanta in 1946. She was a co-founder, along with Sara Duke, of the Shearith Israel homeless shelter for women, now called Rebecca’s Tent.  She was a supporter of the Hebrew Academy; founding member of Congregation Beth El; chapter and regional president of Hadassah; and board member of the Jewish Home. She was a docent and educator of the Holocaust for the William Breman Jewish Heritage Museum.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/40199/file/111841#t=6870.0,6900.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/40199/file/111841/annotation_set/500/annotation/435","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eTraditional Judaism stands between Modern Orthodox Judaism, which retains a belief that the Torah was transmitted in an unbroken tradition from Moses on Mt. Sinai, and Conservative Judaism, which has sometimes permitted personal views to override classical scholarship.  Traditional Judaism attempts to combine modern approaches to studying Judaism’s sacred texts while staying in keeping with classical approaches to interpreting and making decisions regarding Jewish law.  For instance, it does not ordain women as rabbis but it does allow women’s prayer groups.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/40199/file/111841#t=6870.0,6900.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/40199/file/111841/annotation_set/500/annotation/436","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eUnion for Traditional Judaism (UTJ), founded in 1984, is a traditional, Halakhic Jewish outreach and communal service organization. The UTJ is often viewed as representing a denomination or inhabiting an ideological space nestled between Conservative Judaism and Orthodox Judaism.. It was organized in protest of decisions by the Conservative Movement's Rabbinical Assembly and  Jewish Theological Seminary to ordain women rabbis. It initially called itself \"The Union for Traditional Conservative Judaism\" (UTCJ)  but dropped the \"C\" from its title when it broke with the Conservative Movement in 1988. Following a two year period of negotiations, the Rabbinic Fellowship of the UTJ absorbed a modern Orthodox rabbinic organization, the Fellowship of Traditional Orthodox Rabbis. The merged rabbinic body is known today as MORASHAH. Some of the UTJ leaders at various times called themselves Conservative, Modern Orthodox or trans-denominational. The UTJ's Institute of Traditional Judaism (ITJ) granted semikhah to a number of rabbis, but in 2010 it suspended its semikhah program and offers only on-line learning.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/40199/file/111841#t=6900.0,6930.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/40199/file/111841/annotation_set/500/annotation/437","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe Conservative movement seeks to preserve Jewish tradition and ritual but has a more flexible approach to the interpretation of the law than Orthodox Judaism. It attempts to combine a positive attitude toward modern culture, while preserving a commitment to Jewish observance. Conservative Judaism observes gender equality (mixed seating, women rabbis and bat mitzvahs).\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/40199/file/111841#t=6900.0,6930.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/40199/file/111841/annotation_set/500/annotation/438","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eShearith Israel officially became affiliated with the Conservative movement in 2002, subsequent to this interview.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/40199/file/111841#t=6930.0,6960.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/40199/file/111841/annotation_set/500/annotation/439","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eFellowship of Traditional Orthodox Rabbis, a modern Orthodox rabbinic organization, merged with the Rabbinic Fellowship of the Union for Traditional Conservative Judaism to form Morashah, the rabbinic fellowship of UTJ.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/40199/file/111841#t=6930.0,6960.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/40199/file/111841/annotation_set/500/annotation/440","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eHalakha (or Halacha) is Hebrew for ‘way’ or ‘path’. It is the legal tradition of Judaism and the body of Jewish religious laws derived from the Written and Oral Torah.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/40199/file/111841#t=7050.0,7080.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/40199/file/111841/annotation_set/500/annotation/441","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe Book of Ruth or \"Scroll of Ruth” [Hebrew: Megillat Ruth] is the second of the Five Megillot [Hebrew: scrolls], which are parts of the Ketuvim, the third major section of the Tanakh. The Megillat Ruth tells of Ruth's accepting the God of the Israelites as her God and the Israelite people as her own.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/40199/file/111841#t=7080.0,7110.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/40199/file/111841/annotation_set/500/annotation/442","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eIn Judaism, bracha or berkkah (plural: brachot/berakkot) is a blessing recited in public or private, usually before the performance of a commandment or the enjoyment of food or fragrance, or in praise of God as the source of all blessing.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/40199/file/111841#t=7110.0,7140.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/40199/file/111841/annotation_set/500/annotation/443","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe haftorah is a series of selections from the books of Nevi'im (“Prophets”) of the Hebrew Bible (Tanach) that is publicly read in synagogue as part of Jewish religious practice. The haftorah reading follows the Torah reading on each Sabbath and on Jewish festivals and fast days.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/40199/file/111841#t=7110.0,7140.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/40199/file/111841/annotation_set/500/annotation/444","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eSong of Songs (Hebrew: Shir HaShirim),  or Song of Solomon, is one of the five megillot (scrolls) that are part of the Hebrew Bible. The reading of Song of Songs is incorporated into the services in most synagogues on Passover on “Shabbat Chol HaMoed,” the Shabbat that occurs during the intermediate days of Passover, or on the seventh day of Passover when Shabbat coincides with that day.  It has been interpreted as an allegory of the relationship between God and the People of Israel in terms of the love between a man and a woman.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/40199/file/111841#t=7110.0,7140.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/40199/file/111841/annotation_set/500/annotation/445","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe Book of Isaiah (Hebrew: Sefer Yeshaya) is the first book of the Later Prophets (Hebrew: Neviim Acharonim) in the Hebrew Bible (Tanakh). Isaiah warned of the destruction of Jerusalem and its Temple and the exile of the Jews of the kingdom of Judah.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/40199/file/111841#t=7110.0,7140.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/40199/file/111841/annotation_set/500/annotation/446","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eMaftir refers to the last portion of the Torah read on Shabbat and holiday mornings before the reading of the haftorah portion.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/40199/file/111841#t=7140.0,7170.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/40199/file/111841/annotation_set/500/annotation/447","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe Torah Ark or Aron Kodesh [Hebrew] is the holiest place in the synagogue and where the Torah scrolls are kept when not in use. The Aron Kodesh is situated in the front of the synagogue and is usually an ornate curtained-off cabinet or section of the synagogue built along the wall that most closely faces Jerusalem, the direction Jews face when praying.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/40199/file/111841#t=7200.0,7230.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/40199/file/111841/annotation_set/500/annotation/448","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eA D'var Torah (Plural: Divrei Torah), also known as a Drasha in Ashkenazic communities, is a talk on topics relating to a section (parashah) of the Torah, typically the weekly Torah reading.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/40199/file/111841#t=7200.0,7230.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/40199/file/111841/annotation_set/500/annotation/449","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eKaddish (Hebrew for ‘holy’) is a hymn of praises to God found in the Jewish prayer service that is recited aloud while standing. The central theme of the Kaddish is the magnification and sanctification of God's name. Along with the Shema and Amidah, the Kaddish is one of the most important and central elements in the Jewish liturgy.  Mourner's Kaddish is said at all prayer services and certain other occasions. Following the death of a parent, child, spouse, or sibling it is customary to recite the Mourner's Kaddish in the presence of a congregation daily for 30 days, or 11 months in the case of a parent, and then at every anniversary of the death. It is important to note that the Mourner's Kaddish does not mention death at all, but instead praises God.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/40199/file/111841#t=7230.0,7260.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/40199/file/111841/annotation_set/500/annotation/450","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eA minyan refers to the quorum of ten Jewish adults required for certain religious obligations. According to many non-Orthodox streams of Judaism adult females count in the minyan.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/40199/file/111841#t=7230.0,7260.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/40199/file/111841/annotation_set/500/annotation/451","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eNathan Cohen (1908-1990) was an Atlanta resident for many years who was born in Dadeville, Alabama. He was a journalist with the Atlanta Journal from 1926 to 1947, when he relocated to Tampa, Florida where he became co-manager with his brother Herman of the Tampa Novelty Company. While living in Atlanta, he was a contributing writer to the Southern Israelite and he was a trustee for the Gate City Lodge of B’nai B’rith and editor of its publication The Spokesman. He was a member of the Aaronean, a Young Judea youth group, and the Zionists of Atlanta (ZOA). After retirement, he again resided Atlanta where he was a member of Ahavath Achim Synagogue, and a volunteer for the American Red Cross, the American Cancer Society and the Jewish Home. In 1979, he received the Ahavath Achim presidential award for special service.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/40199/file/111841#t=7290.0,7320.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/40199/file/111841/annotation_set/500/annotation/452","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eJoseph “Joe” M. Cohen (1912-1983) owned Joe Cohen’s Grocery Store in Atlanta. He was a recipient of the Shearith Israel Distinguished Service Award in 1983. The award was subsequently renamed the Joe Cohen Distinguished Service Award in his memory.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/40199/file/111841#t=7320.0,7350.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/40199/file/111841/annotation_set/500/annotation/453","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eDorothy “Dotsie” Horowitz Zimmerman (1917-2000) was a native of Atlanta. She was active in fundraising drives for the William Breman Jewish Home and served as a sisterhood president for Congregation Shearith Israel.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/40199/file/111841#t=7350.0,7380.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/40199/file/111841/annotation_set/500/annotation/454","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eAlice Goncher Rich Diskin (1926-2006) was a native of Atlanta who, for 25 years, co-managed the Congregation Shearith Israel gift shop with Faye Tenenbaum. The gift shop was renamed Alice’s Riches when she retired as manager. Before marriage, she worked at the Hebrew Orphans Home, and with her first husband Sidney Rich, managed the family’s grocery business. She was a volunteer with Dial-a-Ride Transportation Services (DARTS) and the William Breman Jewish Heritage Museum. She received the first Joe Cohen Distinguished Service Award, the Woman of Achievement Award, and the Light of Torah Award from the National Women's League of Conservative Judaism.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/40199/file/111841#t=7350.0,7380.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/40199/file/111841/annotation_set/500/annotation/455","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eRabbi Samuel Geffen (1907-2002) grew up in Atlanta, the son of Sara and Rabbi Tobias Geffen. He attended Boys’ High and Emory University.  He was a concert violinist and lawyer before becoming a Rabbi. Then he received two degrees, Rabbi and Master of Hebrew Literature from the Jewish Institute of Religion in New York City. He was the spiritual leader for over 40 years of the Jewish Center of Forest Hills West in New York.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/40199/file/111841#t=7380.0,7410.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/40199/file/111841/annotation_set/500/annotation/456","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eLouis Geffen (1904-2001) was born in New York City but grew up in Atlanta, Georgia where his father, Rabbi Tobias Geffen, was the rabbi at Congregation Shearith Israel for more than 50 years. He was a graduate of Boys' High School and Emory University in Atlanta, and obtained a law degree at Columbia University in New York City. He gained prominence in Atlanta as an attorney and a Vice Chairman of the Atlanta School Board. During World War II, he was a judge advocate in the United States Army, rising to the rank of Lieutenant Colonel. He was an officer of the Zionist Organization of America, president of the Southeastern Region of Young Judea, and Commander of the Jewish War Veterans Post 112.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/40199/file/111841#t=7380.0,7410.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/40199/file/111841/annotation_set/500/annotation/457","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThis youth group, also known as the SIJ Club, is related to the Shearith Israel synagogue in Atlanta, Georgia and is part of Young Judaea. It was organized in 1928 when the synagogue was located on Hunter Street in Atlanta.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/40199/file/111841#t=7410.0,7440.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/40199/file/111841/annotation_set/500/annotation/458","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eYoung Judaea is a peer-led Zionist youth movement founded in 1909.  Its programs include youth clubs, conventions, summer camps and Israel programs that provide experiential programming through which Jewish youth and young adults build meaningful relationships with their peers, emphasize social action, and develop a lifelong commitment to Jewish life, the Jewish people, and Israel.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/40199/file/111841#t=7410.0,7440.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/40199/file/111841/annotation_set/500/annotation/459","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eMarvin C. Goldstein (1917-1997) was a prominent dentist and businessman in Atlanta. He was a graduate of Boys’ High School in Atlanta, had  with a combined undergraduate and master’s degree in dentistry from Emory University in Atlanta, and trained in orthodontic dentistry at Columbia University and the University of Michigan. He served as a dental surgeon for the United States Army Air Forces in Europe during World War II.  He and his brother, Irving Goldstein, also a dentist, built the Atlanta Americana Motor Hotel, Atlanta’s first integrated hotel, which opened in 1961. Marvin was international president of the Alpha Omega Dental Fraternity, editor of the American Journal of Orthodontics, president of the Georgia Society of Orthodontists, trustee for the American Fund for Dental Health, honorary fellow in the American College of Dentists and International College of Dentists, and chief of staff of the Ben Massell Dental Clinic. He was a president of Ahavath Achim Synagogue, Atlanta Jewish Federation, ORT Atlanta men’s chapter, Tichon Atlanta, B’nai Brith’s Atlanta chapter; vice-president of the American Jewish Committee; and a vice-chairman of the board of trustees for the Martin Luther King Center for Non-violent Social Change.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/40199/file/111841#t=7440.0,7470.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/40199/file/111841/annotation_set/500/annotation/460","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eOak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL) in Oak Ridge, Tennessee produced the enriched uranium used in the 1945 bombing of Hiroshima, as well as the first examples of reactor-produced plutonium. It is a science and technology national laboratory sponsored by the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE). The laboratory is home to several of the world's top supercomputers and is a leading neutron science and nuclear energy research facility. The town of Oak Ridge and the laboratories were established in 1942 by the Army Corps of Engineers as part of the Manhattan Project. Originally named the Clinton Engineer Works (CEW), it was renamed Oak Ridge National Laboratory in 1948.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/40199/file/111841#t=7470.0,7500.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/40199/file/111841/annotation_set/500/annotation/461","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eJacob Herman “Jake” Goldstein (1915-2003), a native of Atlanta, Georgia was Candler Professor of Chemistry at Emory University. During World War II he worked with the Manhattan Project at the Oakridge National Laboratories in development of the first atomic bomb. He attended Boys’ High School in Atlanta and was awarded undergraduate and graduate degrees from Emory University in Atlanta and a doctoral degree from Harvard University. He was a pioneer in nuclear magnetic resonance technology, which is used for Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) exams. He was a member of Shearith Israel Juniors (SIJ), a Young Judea group in Atlanta.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/40199/file/111841#t=7470.0,7500.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/40199/file/111841/annotation_set/500/annotation/462","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eDavid Alterman (1917-1993), a native Atlantan, was executive vice president of Alterman Foods, Inc. He was one of five brothers who, with their father, owned and operated a wholesale grocery business in Atlanta. He was president of Ahavath Achim Synagogue, Ahavath Achim Men’s Club, Hebrew Academy of Atlanta, and Atlanta Zionist Council.  He was a member of the Jewish Theological Seminary of America and vice president of United Synagogues of America, Southeastern Region and Atlanta Jewish Welfare Federation. \u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/40199/file/111841#t=7500.0,7530.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/40199/file/111841/annotation_set/500/annotation/463","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eQuality Kosher, a kosher delicatessen and meat store located on Briarcliff Road in Atlanta, Georgia that is now known as Kosher Gourmet. Formerly Fred’s Kosher Delicatessen and Kosher Meats, the store was relocated from the Virginia-Highland area of Atlanta in 1983 and was renamed Quality Kosher Emporium at that time. The store has been owned and operated by the Gilmer family since 1970.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/40199/file/111841#t=7560.0,7590.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/40199/file/111841/annotation_set/500/annotation/464","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eSteven N. “Steve” Gilmer was born in Atlanta in 1953 and is the owner of Kosher Gourmet, a kosher delicatessen and meat store in Atlanta, Georgia.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/40199/file/111841#t=7560.0,7590.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/40199/file/111841/annotation_set/500/annotation/465","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eEmanuel “Manny” Kulbersh (1917-1995) was a native of Atlanta, Georgia. He lived in Columbus, Georgia before retiring to Florida. He attended Boys’ High in Atlanta and was a graduate of Emory University. He was a member of Shearith Israel Juniors (SIJ), a Young Judea youth group.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/40199/file/111841#t=7560.0,7590.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/40199/file/111841/annotation_set/500/annotation/466","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe body of stories told by Jewish rabbinic sages to explain passages in the Tanakh (Old Testament). Midrash interprets biblical stores by filling in the gaps left in the narrative regarding events and personalities that are only hinted at.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/40199/file/111841#t=7710.0,7740.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/40199/file/111841/annotation_set/500/annotation/467","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eKleenex is a brand of facial tissues, yet the word is used today to refer to facial tissues of any brand.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/40199/file/111841#t=7860.0,7890.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/40199/file/111841/annotation_set/500/annotation/468","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eKina hora is a Yiddish phrase which can also be pronounced “kein ayin hora.” Translated, it means “without the evil eye” or “there should be no evil eye.” It is the verbal equivalent of knocking on wood. When it’s said quickly is can sometimes sound like “kina hora.”\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/40199/file/111841#t=7950.0,7980.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/40199/file/111841/annotation_set/500/annotation/469","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe Persian Gulf War, also called the Gulf War, (1990-1991) was an international conflict triggered by Iraq’s invasion and occupation of neighboring Kuwait in the summer of 1990. The United States led a coalition of NATO allies and the Middle Eastern countries of Saudi Arabia, Syria, and Egypt in an air campaign that began in January 1991. A massive ground offense began in February, which expelled Iraqi forces from Kuwait.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/40199/file/111841#t=8160.0,8190.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/40199/file/111841/annotation_set/500/annotation/470","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eWorld War II (often abbreviated to WWII or WW2), also known as the Second World War, was a global war that lasted from 1939 to 1945, although related conflicts began earlier. It involved the vast majority of the world's countries—including all of the great powers—eventually forming two opposing military alliances: the Allies and the Axis. It was the most widespread war in history, and directly involved more than 100 million people from over 30 countries. Marked by mass deaths of civilians, including the Holocaust (in which approximately 6 million Jews were killed) and the strategic bombing of industrial and population centers (in which approximately one million were killed, and which included the atomic bombings of Hiroshima and Nagasaki), it resulted in an estimated 50 million to 85 million fatalities. These made World War II the deadliest conflict in human history.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/40199/file/111841#t=8160.0,8190.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/40199/file/111841/annotation_set/500/annotation/471","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe American Red Cross (ARC) is a humanitarian organization that provides emergency assistance, disaster relief and education in the United States. It is the designated United States affiliate of the International Federation of Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies. The ARC was founded in 1881 by Clara Barton.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/40199/file/111841#t=8160.0,8190.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/40199/file/111841/annotation_set/500/annotation/472","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eRobert Lee Fulghum (born June 4, 1937) is an American author and Unitarian Universalist minister. He is most widely known as the author of All I Really Need to Know I Learned in Kindergarten, a book which stayed on The New York Times bestseller lists for nearly two years.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/40199/file/111841#t=8340.0,8370.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/40199/file/111841/annotation_set/500/annotation/473","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe Southern Israelite was a publication that covered news of southern Jewry and issues that involved Jewish populations throughout the nation and world. Rabbi H. Cerf Straus originally established the Southern Israelite as a temple bulletin in Augusta in 1925.  It became so popular he expanded it into a monthly newspaper. Straus eventually sold the paper to Herman Dessauer and Sara B. Simmons, who moved it to Atlanta, where it began circulating state-wide and eventually throughout the South. In 1930, M. Stephen Schiffer took over as sole owner of the Southern Israelite. Ownership of the paper was turned over to a corporation headed by editor Adolph Rosenberg in 1951. In 1964 Vida Goldgar joined the staff and was an important contributor to the Southern Israelite for the next 40 years. In 1979, she purchased the paper. In 1987, its name changed from Southern Israelite to the Atlanta Jewish Times. Today the paper is owned by Michael Morris and continues as a weekly publication with a distribution of 15,000 copies per week.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/40199/file/111841#t=8340.0,8370.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/40199/file/111841/annotation_set/500/annotation/474","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eA book of short essays by American minister and author Robert Fulghum, first published in 1986. The title of the book is taken from the first essay in the volume, in which Fulghum lists lessons normally learned in American kindergarten classrooms and explains how the world would be improved if adults adhered to the same basic rules as children.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/40199/file/111841#t=8370.0,8400.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/40199/file/111841/annotation_set/500/annotation/475","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe United Jewish Appeal (UJA) was a Jewish philanthropic umbrella organization that collected and distributed funds to Jewish organizations in their community and around the country.  UJA existed from 1939 until it was folded into the United Jewish Communities, which was formed from the 1999 merger of United Jewish Appeal (UJA), Council of Jewish Federations and United Israel Appeal, Inc.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/40199/file/111841#t=8400.0,8430.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/40199/file/111841/annotation_set/500/annotation/476","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eMortimer Jerome Adler (1902 - 2001) was an American philosopher, educator, and popular author. Adler and Robert Hutchins, president of the University of Chicago, founded the Great Books of the Western World program and the Great Books Foundation. With Max Weismann, he founded the Center for the Study of The Great Ideas in 1990 in Chicago. Adler, Jewish by birth, was a convert to Christianity, first as an Episcopalian and later as a Catholic.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/40199/file/111841#t=8400.0,8430.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/40199/file/111841/annotation_set/500/annotation/477","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eHebrew word meaning ‘Sanctification.’ Kiddush is a blessing recited over wine or grape juice to sanctify the Sabbath and Jewish holidays.  In many synagogues congregants gather for Kiddush reception after the Friday night or Saturday morning service to recite the blessing over wine or grape juice and have something to eat.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/40199/file/111841#t=8640.0,8670.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/40199/file/111841/annotation_set/500/annotation/478","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eLeonard Greenbaum (1912 - 1999) and his brother Irwin Greenbaum were co-founders of a chain of family-owned retail wine, beer, and liquor stores which opened its first store on Ponce De Leon  Avenue in Atlanta, Georgia in 1938. The two brothers went their separate ways in 1963 when new city and state laws limited the number of liquor stores to two per family. Irwin called his stores Tower, and Leonard kept the name Green's. Leonard's son Jerry Greenbaum expanded the business with a second store on Buford Highway, north of Lenox Road, in Atlanta. Green's expanded to stores in South Carolina in Columbia, Greenville, and Myrtle Beach in addition to the Atlanta stores. 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