{"@context":"http://iiif.io/api/presentation/3/context.json","id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/iiif/4m9183628x/manifest","type":"Manifest","label":{"en":["Shalova, Rosita"]},"logo":"https://d9jk7wjtjpu5g.cloudfront.net/organizations/logo_images/000/000/082/original/TheBreman_SecondaryMark_Horizontal_Blue_Black.png?1713640889","metadata":[{"label":{"en":["Date"]},"value":{"en":["2006-12-20 (captured)"]}},{"label":{"en":["Agent"]},"value":{"en":["Shalova, Rosita (Interviewee)","Berman, Sandra (Interviewer)"]}},{"label":{"en":["Language"]},"value":{"en":["English (primary)"]}},{"label":{"en":["Format"]},"value":{"en":["video"]}},{"label":{"en":["Source"]},"value":{"en":["William Breman Jewish Heritage Museum","Esther and Herbert Taylor Oral History Collection","Judith and Elliot Cohen Russian Oral History Project"]}},{"label":{"en":["Description"]},"value":{"en":["\u003cp\u003eRosita Shalova was interviewed by Sandra Berman in Atlanta, Georgia on December 20, 2006.\u003c/p\u003e (general)","\u003cp\u003eRosita Shalova was born to a Jewish family in Grozny, Chechnya on December 31, 1955. As a child, her grandfather, a rabbi, shaped the family’s religious traditions and practices. However, Rosita was constantly aware of being different. At school, she endured the religious suppression of the Soviet regime and vividly recalls being asked if she believed in G-d. Outside their tight-knit neighborhood, anti-Jewish taunts reminded her that she was a minority in a Muslim-majority city.\u003cbr\u003eDespite the oppressive atmosphere, Rosita completed her studies and pursued a degree in accounting. Then, after marrying Edward, she moved to Tashkent, Uzbekistan, where Jews were also in the minority, but antisemitism was less blatant. After the tragic loss of two pregnancies, Rosita and Edward joyfully welcomed a healthy daughter and son. Edward supported the family as a photographer while Rosita cared for the children. After traveling to Hungary and other areas of Russia, Rosita and Edward began to desire better opportunities for their family. A series of increasingly violent and antisemitic experiences finally convinced Edward and Rosita to leave the Soviet Union in 1989. \u003cbr\u003eAfter months of preparation and anxious waiting, they arrived in Atlanta, Georgia. The Jewish Federation welcomed them and helped the family settle into a new life. Rosita and Edward soon found jobs and the children began attending the Hebrew Academy. As American citizens, Rosita and Edward embraced the freedom to finally practice their religion openly. After moving to Marietta, Rosita and Edward joined Congregation Or VeShalom. \u003cbr\u003eShortly after their arrival, Rosita’s brother, sister-in-law and their children also made Atlanta home. Meanwhile, much of their extended family, including Rosita’s parents, emigrated to Israel. Rosita enjoys visits to Israel, where she feels a deep connection to her faith. She also cherishes the moments she now shares with her grandchildren.\u003c/p\u003e (bioghist)","\u003cp\u003eRosita gives an overview of where her family lived in the Soviet Union before they emigrated. She talks about having to hide her Jewish identity growing up. Rosita shares her experiences having children and traveling to Hungary. She recounts the process of leaving the Soviet Union. Rosita remembers arriving in the United States and settling into their new life. She explains how she and her husband made their living. Rosita remembers becoming an American citizen. She recalls the challenge of trying to visit her mother in Israel. Rosita describes the incident that sealed her decision to leave the USSR. She discusses her love of Israel and Judaism. \u003c/p\u003e (scope content)"]}},{"label":{"en":["Rights Statement"]},"value":{"en":["\u003cp\u003eAll rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, recorded by any information storage and retrieval system, without the express written consent of the William Breman Jewish Heritage Museum.\u003c/p\u003e"]}}],"summary":{"en":["\u003cp\u003eRosita Shalova was interviewed by Sandra Berman in Atlanta, Georgia on December 20, 2006.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eRosita Shalova was born to a Jewish family in Grozny, Chechnya on December 31, 1955. As a child, her grandfather, a rabbi, shaped the family\u0026rsquo;s religious traditions and practices. However, Rosita was constantly aware of being different. At school, she endured the religious suppression of the Soviet regime and vividly recalls being asked if she believed in G-d. Outside their tight-knit neighborhood, anti-Jewish taunts reminded her that she was a minority in a Muslim-majority city.\u003cbr /\u003eDespite the oppressive atmosphere, Rosita completed her studies and pursued a degree in accounting. Then, after marrying Edward, she moved to Tashkent, Uzbekistan, where Jews were also in the minority, but antisemitism was less blatant. After the tragic loss of two pregnancies, Rosita and Edward joyfully welcomed a healthy daughter and son. Edward supported the family as a photographer while Rosita cared for the children. After traveling to Hungary and other areas of Russia, Rosita and Edward began to desire better opportunities for their family. A series of increasingly violent and antisemitic experiences finally convinced Edward and Rosita to leave the Soviet Union in 1989.\u0026nbsp;\u003cbr /\u003eAfter months of preparation and anxious waiting, they arrived in Atlanta, Georgia. The Jewish Federation welcomed them and helped the family settle into a new life. Rosita and Edward soon found jobs and the children began attending the Hebrew Academy. As American citizens, Rosita and Edward embraced the freedom to finally practice their religion openly. After moving to Marietta, Rosita and Edward joined Congregation Or VeShalom.\u0026nbsp;\u003cbr /\u003eShortly after their arrival, Rosita\u0026rsquo;s brother, sister-in-law and their children also made Atlanta home. Meanwhile, much of their extended family, including Rosita\u0026rsquo;s parents, emigrated to Israel. Rosita enjoys visits to Israel, where she feels a deep connection to her faith. She also cherishes the moments she now shares with her grandchildren.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eRosita gives an overview of where her family lived in the Soviet Union before they emigrated. She talks about having to hide her Jewish identity growing up. Rosita shares her experiences having children and traveling to Hungary. She recounts the process of leaving the Soviet Union. Rosita remembers arriving in the United States and settling into their new life. She explains how she and her husband made their living. Rosita remembers becoming an American citizen. She recalls the challenge of trying to visit her mother in Israel. Rosita describes the incident that sealed her decision to leave the USSR. She discusses her love of Israel and Judaism.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e"]},"requiredStatement":{"label":{"en":["Attribution"]},"value":{"en":["\u003cp\u003eAll rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, recorded by any information storage and retrieval system, without the express written consent of the William Breman Jewish Heritage Museum.\u003c/p\u003e"]}},"provider":[{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/aboutus","type":"Agent","label":{"en":["William Breman Jewish Heritage Museum"]},"homepage":[{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/","type":"Text","label":{"en":["William Breman Jewish Heritage Museum"]},"format":"text/html"}],"logo":[{"id":"https://d9jk7wjtjpu5g.cloudfront.net/organizations/logo_images/000/000/082/original/TheBreman_SecondaryMark_Horizontal_Blue_Black.png?1713640889","type":"Image"}]}],"thumbnail":[{"id":"https://d9jk7wjtjpu5g.cloudfront.net/collection_resource_files/thumbnails/000/303/640/small/Shalova_Rosita.mp4_1771944093.jpg?1771944094","type":"Image","format":"image/jpeg"}],"items":[{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/166907/file/303640","type":"Canvas","label":{"en":["Media File 1 of 1 - Shalova_Rosita.mp4"]},"duration":3104.87613,"width":640,"height":360,"thumbnail":[{"id":"https://d9jk7wjtjpu5g.cloudfront.net/collection_resource_files/thumbnails/000/303/640/small/Shalova_Rosita.mp4_1771944093.jpg?1771944094","type":"Image","format":"image/jpeg"}],"items":[{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/166907/file/303640/content/1","type":"AnnotationPage","items":[{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/166907/file/303640/content/1/annotation/1","type":"Annotation","motivation":"painting","body":{"id":"https://aviary-p-thebreman.s3.wasabisys.com/collection_resource_files/resource_files/000/303/640/original/Shalova_Rosita.mp4?1771944092","type":"Video","format":"video/mp4","duration":3104.87613,"width":640,"height":360},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/166907/file/303640","metadata":[]}]}],"annotations":[{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/166907/file/303640/transcript/91269","type":"AnnotationPage","label":{"en":["Shalova, Rosita [Transcript]"]},"items":[{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/166907/file/303640/transcript/91269/annotation/1","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eBerman:\u003c/strong\u003e Today is December 20th, 2006. My name is Sandra Berman. I am with Rosita Shalova, who has agreed to do this interview for the Elliot and Judith Cohen oral history project of the Esther and Judith Taylor oral history collection of the Cuba archives at the Bremen Museum. Thank you very much and I know that is quite a mouthful. I would like to begin by just asking you to speak a little bit about your early life, when you were born, where you were from in the former Soviet Union, who your parents were.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/166907/file/303640#t=0.0,42.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/166907/file/303640/transcript/91269/annotation/2","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eShalova:\u003c/strong\u003e I was born in Grozny, Chechnya, in [1955], December 31st.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/166907/file/303640#t=42.0,51.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/166907/file/303640/transcript/91269/annotation/3","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eBerman:\u003c/strong\u003e In what year?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/166907/file/303640#t=51.0,52.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/166907/file/303640/transcript/91269/annotation/4","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eShalova:\u003c/strong\u003e December 31st, [1955].","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/166907/file/303640#t=52.0,55.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/166907/file/303640/transcript/91269/annotation/5","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eBerman:\u003c/strong\u003e When you were born?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/166907/file/303640#t=55.0,57.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/166907/file/303640/transcript/91269/annotation/6","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eShalova:\u003c/strong\u003e In Grozny, Chechnya. It's a very Muslim place. A lot of Chechen rebels live there. I mean, a lot of Muslims live there. For us, in the beginning, it wasn't that scary to live there in the beginning. A long time ago, my grandfather, he saved some Chechens from Communists a long time ago, and he was a rabbi lately. So, for him, for his family, for my mom's family, it wasn't that big of a problem to live there because everybody respect him and everybody was just standing up for him. So, for him, it wasn't that … For us, it was not that difficult. But later on, when it was like social … I mean, the socialism was like going, during the [Leonid] Brezhnev time, and it was a little bit difficult for the Jewish people there. Everybody started to think about to go to Israel. My grandfather, he was actually already very old, and we were starting to think. We all got married, and we all moved to the different places. I moved to Tashkent, Uzbekistan and the last 13 years before I came here, I lived there. It was also a Muslim place, but those Muslims was a little bit different with our Muslims. It was a little better life in Uzbekistan than in Chechnya. My aunt, she was the first one who moved to Israel.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/166907/file/303640#t=57.0,174.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/166907/file/303640/transcript/91269/annotation/7","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eBerman:\u003c/strong\u003e What year was that?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/166907/file/303640#t=174.0,176.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/166907/file/303640/transcript/91269/annotation/8","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eShalova:\u003c/strong\u003e It was probably in the 1960s. No, it was probably the 1970s, when the first time they opened the border for the Russian Jews to move. I believe it was in the 1970s.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/166907/file/303640#t=176.0,192.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/166907/file/303640/transcript/91269/annotation/9","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eBerman:\u003c/strong\u003e So, she would have been of a refusenik in a sense?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/166907/file/303640#t=192.0,195.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/166907/file/303640/transcript/91269/annotation/10","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eShalova:\u003c/strong\u003e She moved to Israel first. Yes, it was in the 1970s because I left in 1989. I called her, and I asked her to send visa for me so I can leave, and she did it immediately. She used to work in Israel in some government place where she can send visas for everyone. So, a lot of my family moved to Israel. I was the first one from our generation who left and we decided to come here to America. Maybe I sound a little bit selfish, but when you have two children, you don't want them to fight all the time and be in war. That's what I did. I came here.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/166907/file/303640#t=195.0,246.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/166907/file/303640/transcript/91269/annotation/11","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eBerman:\u003c/strong\u003e Let us backtrack a little bit. This is so interesting to me because we have interviewed several people but no one from an area that was more Muslim. Alright.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/166907/file/303640#t=246.0,256.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/166907/file/303640/transcript/91269/annotation/12","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eShalova:\u003c/strong\u003e Alright.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/166907/file/303640#t=256.0,256.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/166907/file/303640/transcript/91269/annotation/13","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eBerman:\u003c/strong\u003e Alright. I was just wondering what … Describe a little more of what it was like to be a Jewish person living in Chechnya and then in Uzbekistan.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/166907/file/303640#t=256.0,264.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/166907/file/303640/transcript/91269/annotation/14","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eShalova:\u003c/strong\u003e Okay, in the beginning, we were scared to say that we are Jewish when I grew up, you know, like at Passover. We were kids and we didn't have the synagogue there. Everything that was going on, it was in my grandpa's house, or in another rabbi's house, or if, G-d forbid, somebody died, my grandpa went to their house, and it was like a bunch of men and people. We didn't have a synagogue there. Even when I was a kid, and we had matzah in our hands, and we went outside, everybody was, \"Oh, Jewish! Jewish! Jewish!\" It was embarrassing to say in schools that we are Jewish because they basically hate us there, honestly.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/166907/file/303640#t=264.0,315.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/166907/file/303640/transcript/91269/annotation/15","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eBerman:\u003c/strong\u003e Was there a large Jewish population there?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/166907/file/303640#t=315.0,317.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/166907/file/303640/transcript/91269/annotation/16","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eShalova:\u003c/strong\u003e It was a lot of Jewish, but everybody tried to hide that they are Jewish.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/166907/file/303640#t=317.0,324.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/166907/file/303640/transcript/91269/annotation/17","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eBerman:\u003c/strong\u003e You tried to maintain your Judaism in the home though.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/166907/file/303640#t=324.0,328.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/166907/file/303640/transcript/91269/annotation/18","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eShalova:\u003c/strong\u003e Yes.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/166907/file/303640#t=328.0,329.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/166907/file/303640/transcript/91269/annotation/19","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eBerman:\u003c/strong\u003e Which is remarkable really.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/166907/file/303640#t=329.0,332.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/166907/file/303640/transcript/91269/annotation/20","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eShalova:\u003c/strong\u003e Like, about the holidays, Jewish holidays, I knew only because of my grandpa. I didn't know about the Jewish holidays if he wasn't a rabbi, but yes, I did know because of him Rosh HaShanah, Passover, and Hanukkah, and all of those, Sukkot, everything, because of him. But in school, you know, in Russia, it was a socialism life. They ask you, \"Do you believe in G-d?\" You have to say no, because it's like, yes, you have to say no. We were scared to say that, \"Yes, we believe in G-d,\" because you will be totally like out of … You know, gosh, it's hard for me to talk.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/166907/file/303640#t=332.0,381.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/166907/file/303640/transcript/91269/annotation/21","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eBerman:\u003c/strong\u003e Oh, you are doing wonderfully.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/166907/file/303640#t=381.0,384.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/166907/file/303640/transcript/91269/annotation/22","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eShalova:\u003c/strong\u003e So, anyway, we always tried to hide that we are Jewish.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/166907/file/303640#t=384.0,388.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/166907/file/303640/transcript/91269/annotation/23","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eBerman:\u003c/strong\u003e Did you associate with other families who were Jewish and also hiding it, or were most of your friends …","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/166907/file/303640#t=388.0,396.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/166907/file/303640/transcript/91269/annotation/24","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eShalova:\u003c/strong\u003e In Russia?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/166907/file/303640#t=396.0,397.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/166907/file/303640/transcript/91269/annotation/25","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eBerman:\u003c/strong\u003e In Chechnya.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/166907/file/303640#t=397.0,398.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/166907/file/303640/transcript/91269/annotation/26","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eShalova:\u003c/strong\u003e In Chechnya, yes. It was around us. I mean, I had a few friends who wasn't Jewish, who was Christian, but they never told me that I'm Jew or, you know, nasty words. It was friends.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/166907/file/303640#t=398.0,412.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/166907/file/303640/transcript/91269/annotation/27","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eBerman:\u003c/strong\u003e Did they know you were Jewish?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/166907/file/303640#t=412.0,414.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/166907/file/303640/transcript/91269/annotation/28","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eShalova:\u003c/strong\u003e Yes, but they wasn't Muslims. It was just like Christian friends and that's it. A lot of them, most of them was Jewish friends. That's what we was around in our group. We went everywhere here, like birthday parties, like weddings, where they play Jewish music. But it was a big Jewish community where the old Jews lived. So, it was kind of that part of town.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/166907/file/303640#t=414.0,444.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/166907/file/303640/transcript/91269/annotation/29","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eBerman:\u003c/strong\u003e And then you got married?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/166907/file/303640#t=444.0,447.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/166907/file/303640/transcript/91269/annotation/30","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eShalova:\u003c/strong\u003e Then, I got married and I moved to Tashkent, Uzbekistan. I was 21 and I moved. At 20 … Oh, that probably will be interesting because when I was 22, I lost my first child and it was in Uzbekistan already, also Muslim place. I was pregnant. I had a very difficult pregnancy and the doctor there, they never pay attention. I said I probably should have already delivered my baby because it was over seven months. I had difficult pregnancy. They didn't pay attention. They didn't even look at me and after I was like totally out already, I was bleeding like crazy. I thought I'm gonna probably die already. My husband took me to the hospital immediately. She even then didn't pay any attention and I lost my baby. I lost baby because I was losing blood and he was losing blood. It was a boy. And second time when I got pregnant, immediately I had a C-section. They did a C-section for me. They didn't save the child. And they didn't even do any anesthesia, because they said, \"You want a child alive and you don't want to feel any pain. It's not going to happen.\" I said, \"What do you mean?\" It was an operating room, and it was like two tables next to each other. I was in one, and another woman was [in the other]. I was thinking, \"Oh, okay, you're going to give me anesthesia. I'm not going to feel anything.\" And they said, \"No.\" I said, \"What do you mean?\" They said, \"Well, you want a child or you want anesthesia?\" I said, \"What do mean? You're not going give me anything? I'm going to feel everything?\" And they say, \"Well, if you want the child alive, we can't do it.\"","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/166907/file/303640#t=447.0,572.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/166907/file/303640/transcript/91269/annotation/31","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eBerman:\u003c/strong\u003e Unbelievable.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/166907/file/303640#t=572.0,573.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/166907/file/303640/transcript/91269/annotation/32","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eShalova:\u003c/strong\u003e So, they didn't do anything. They didn't do, and I felt everything. That was horrible.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/166907/file/303640#t=573.0,578.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/166907/file/303640/transcript/91269/annotation/33","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eBerman:\u003c/strong\u003e And that was a cesarean?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/166907/file/303640#t=578.0,579.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/166907/file/303640/transcript/91269/annotation/34","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eShalova:\u003c/strong\u003e That was cesarean, yes, in Russia. And so, after that, I actually was scared. I got pregnant again ten months later and it was cesarean. My mom took me immediately to her place where she lived. It [is in the region known for the] Caucasian Mineral Waters. The city was Pyatigorsk [Russia]. So, I had my son there. My mom was like all around the doctors. An Armenian woman—her name was Nina Zakharovna—she was like my second mom. She saved my life, she saved my son's life, she saved my daughter's life. She did a C-section for me second time. Everything was fine.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/166907/file/303640#t=579.0,623.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/166907/file/303640/transcript/91269/annotation/35","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eBerman:\u003c/strong\u003e Was she a doctor?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/166907/file/303640#t=623.0,624.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/166907/file/303640/transcript/91269/annotation/36","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eShalova:\u003c/strong\u003e She was head of the hospital. Yes, she was a surgeon.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/166907/file/303640#t=624.0,630.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/166907/file/303640/transcript/91269/annotation/37","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eBerman:\u003c/strong\u003e Why don't you spell her name just so we have it?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/166907/file/303640#t=630.0,634.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/166907/file/303640/transcript/91269/annotation/38","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eShalova:\u003c/strong\u003e I can spell her name, but I cannot tell you last name. I can tell you her name. In Russia, we call first name and the father's second name. It's Nina Zakharovna. She is Armenian woman. She was awesome. Every time after that, when I had to come to my mom's place, I bring my children to her.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/166907/file/303640#t=634.0,662.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/166907/file/303640/transcript/91269/annotation/39","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eBerman:\u003c/strong\u003e How many children do you have? Two.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/166907/file/303640#t=662.0,665.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/166907/file/303640/transcript/91269/annotation/40","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eShalova:\u003c/strong\u003e Two.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/166907/file/303640#t=665.0,665.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/166907/file/303640/transcript/91269/annotation/41","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eBerman:\u003c/strong\u003e Two. Two, and they were both born in …","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/166907/file/303640#t=665.0,666.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/166907/file/303640/transcript/91269/annotation/42","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eShalova:\u003c/strong\u003e In Pyatigorsk, where my mom lived. So, then in 1989, when we went to … My husband's uncle, he took … He gave us … Offered to us actually, not … Didn't gave us, offered to us the tour to go to Hungary. We went there and I liked it a lot. It was like, totally different. It wasn't like … It's probably socialism life there too, but totally different from Russia.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/166907/file/303640#t=666.0,707.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/166907/file/303640/transcript/91269/annotation/43","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eBerman:\u003c/strong\u003e It was still Soviet Union then?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/166907/file/303640#t=707.0,708.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/166907/file/303640/transcript/91269/annotation/44","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eShalova:\u003c/strong\u003e Yes, but totally from Russia. It's not like a communist life. Well, it was, but it wasn't … You didn't feel like you feel in Russia. So, in 1989, we came back from Hungary in March, I believe … In February. And we went through Moscow. My daughter was supposed to go to the first grade in Russia. She turned … She was five and a half, and at six, they start to go school there now. I bought for her everything in Moscow, like her school uniform—in Russia, we used to have uniforms and everything—so she can go to school. Then, when we came back to Uzbekistan, it was unbelievable. Like, they start to kind of … For Jews, start to kind of … A lot of Jews was living [there] at that time and everybody just like … Jewish, they didn't like them either, even in that place. Before, it was okay actually. When I moved there, first time, it was okay. But later on, it just was a lot hate.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/166907/file/303640#t=708.0,778.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/166907/file/303640/transcript/91269/annotation/45","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eBerman:\u003c/strong\u003e Why do you think that was?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/166907/file/303640#t=778.0,779.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/166907/file/303640/transcript/91269/annotation/46","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eShalova:\u003c/strong\u003e Maybe because they were thinking, \"yes, Jewish people live well there. They make money a lot.\" And Russian people, when they have some money, the first time, where does this money go? It's for the alcohol. They drink a lot, they don't work, they don't see anything, they do anything for themselves. Jewish people think about their family, about their children, about their future. They didn't think about that. They probably was a lot of jealousy there or something like … If you go outside and you dressed up nice, and they just look at you, \"Oh, how they make their money? How they can …\" You know, just like a lot of jealousy, a lot hate, a lot of nobody liked us, nobody respect us, nobody … Like, well, we had a car in Russia. It's not like everyone had a car, and everybody just looked at us because we had the car. It's like, you know, \"How you can get that money to buy a car there?\" Well, my husband works and he doesn't drink. That's how he makes money and buys a car. And he takes care of his family, not just … So, that kind of stuff. After all of that, we decide to leave.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/166907/file/303640#t=779.0,870.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/166907/file/303640/transcript/91269/annotation/47","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eBerman:\u003c/strong\u003e Was it the same from both the Muslims and the Christians, the same kind of reaction to you, or was it worse from the Muslim community?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/166907/file/303640#t=870.0,879.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/166907/file/303640/transcript/91269/annotation/48","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eShalova:\u003c/strong\u003e Actually, honestly nobody like us there. Nobody like us anywhere unfortunately. I don't know why, for what. But yes, it was from both.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/166907/file/303640#t=879.0,890.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/166907/file/303640/transcript/91269/annotation/49","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eBerman:\u003c/strong\u003e So, it was in 1989. Then, you decided to leave?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/166907/file/303640#t=890.0,894.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/166907/file/303640/transcript/91269/annotation/50","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eShalova:\u003c/strong\u003e Yes.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/166907/file/303640#t=894.0,896.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/166907/file/303640/transcript/91269/annotation/51","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eBerman:\u003c/strong\u003e Tell me about that process. What was it like?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/166907/file/303640#t=896.0,899.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/166907/file/303640/transcript/91269/annotation/52","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eShalova:\u003c/strong\u003e We had an organization called OVIR [Office of Visas and Registrations]. We went there. We got all of our papers. I called my aunt [in] Israel, and I asked her to send visa for me because without that visa, I can't leave Russia. So, she sent that visa for me, and we took all of our papers, documents, children's pictures, and mother with the children, with the two children, husband separately, and then all papers from … I'm not sure. I'm now sure now what kind of papers, but I believe you have to have permit from your parents, you have to pay your debts if you own something, to leave your passport in Russia, that you are Russian citizen. We pay like 700 rubles.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/166907/file/303640#t=899.0,952.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/166907/file/303640/transcript/91269/annotation/53","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eBerman:\u003c/strong\u003e What is that in American?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/166907/file/303640#t=952.0,954.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/166907/file/303640/transcript/91269/annotation/54","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eShalova:\u003c/strong\u003e In American money, actually, it was more at that time, because Russian dollar for some reason was higher than American dollars at that time. So, we pay 700 rubles to leave out my passport. And my husband's passport [cost] the same. Fourteen hundred rubles we pay for two passports because children didn't have passports yet. So, yes, and we left.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/166907/file/303640#t=954.0,983.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/166907/file/303640/transcript/91269/annotation/55","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eBerman:\u003c/strong\u003e Was there … So, but you had a visa from Israel?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/166907/file/303640#t=983.0,986.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/166907/file/303640/transcript/91269/annotation/56","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eShalova:\u003c/strong\u003e I had a visa from Israel.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/166907/file/303640#t=986.0,988.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/166907/file/303640/transcript/91269/annotation/57","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eBerman:\u003c/strong\u003e How did you get to the United States?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/166907/file/303640#t=988.0,989.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/166907/file/303640/transcript/91269/annotation/58","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eShalova:\u003c/strong\u003e Well, oh, okay. I had a visa from Israel. We got that visa. We got all of this paper. We took this organization to OVIR. And in OVIR, it was a processing time. They took us maybe a couple months, maybe three months, and they sent for us that, \"Okay, you can leave the country.\" So, we started to sell our stuff what we could. We took, of course, the good stuff. What we want to take with us, we took with us. And then we went. We went to Moscow, we put the stamps in our visas, four visas for our children and for us. My husband went to Moscow, and he put visas in our stamps, and our visas that we can leave the country, and he bought tickets to go to Vienna [Austria] because at that time, all Jewish people immigrate from Russia to Vienna, and from Vienna, went to Israel, or Canada, Australia, United States, anywhere they wanted. So, when we arrived to Vienna, it was like several lines, \"Who wants to go where?\" It was a line. A lot of people went to Israel directly and it was a line. A lot of Russian Jews went to the United States. And I told my husband, \"Let's just go there. Let's just try. If it's not going to happen, we're going to go to Israel. But let's try first.\" And honestly, if I will have a choice, I will go to Israel now. I mean, not now. If it will be like … 17 years ago, if I knew, I would move to Israel first. I love Israel. It's a beautiful country.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/166907/file/303640#t=989.0,1091.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/166907/file/303640/transcript/91269/annotation/59","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eBerman:\u003c/strong\u003e Well, we will talk about that in just a minute, because I really want to talk about that. But how long were you in Vienna?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/166907/file/303640#t=1091.0,1097.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/166907/file/303640/transcript/91269/annotation/60","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eShalova:\u003c/strong\u003e In Vienna, it was like for 16 days. It was very fast. Then, because we decided to go to America, it was HIAS [Hebrew Immigrant Aid Society], a Jewish organization. HIAS, right? We went there and we asked them what we're gonna do, we wanna go to America, and they send us to Rome, Italy. In Italy, we was for two months. We was waiting. They didn't let us work. They didn't let us do anything.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/166907/file/303640#t=1097.0,1130.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/166907/file/303640/transcript/91269/annotation/61","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eBerman:\u003c/strong\u003e Were there any kind of classes there to learn English or …","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/166907/file/303640#t=1130.0,1132.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/166907/file/303640/transcript/91269/annotation/62","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eShalova:\u003c/strong\u003e No, it wasn't any classes there, wasn't anything there. You just sit and wait, patiently wait. You're not allowed to work. They gave us a little amount of money so we can survive somehow, because in Russia, for four people, they change [allow you to emigrate with] like only $90 per person, so it's like nothing. One day to the store and it's, like … And you're not allowed. If you're going to just take something extra, they're not going to let you leave the country. It's going to be like … I don't know. They didn't let you. They're going make you stay. So anyway, then we went to Italy. And in Italy, it was like for two months. And after that, patiently waiting. And then, we got a guarantee, because we didn't have any family in Atlanta, in America at all. Like I said, I was the first from our generation who came. You needed a sponsor.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/166907/file/303640#t=1132.0,1194.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/166907/file/303640/transcript/91269/annotation/63","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eBerman:\u003c/strong\u003e You needed a sponsor.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/166907/file/303640#t=1194.0,1194.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/166907/file/303640/transcript/91269/annotation/64","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eShalova:\u003c/strong\u003e You needed a sponsor. Right. Who gonna sponsor us? Jewish Federation from Atlanta [sponsored us] and so it's home now.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/166907/file/303640#t=1194.0,1201.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/166907/file/303640/transcript/91269/annotation/65","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eBerman:\u003c/strong\u003e So, how was the … So, the Jewish Federation from Atlanta sponsored you then? Right.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/166907/file/303640#t=1201.0,1207.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/166907/file/303640/transcript/91269/annotation/66","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eShalova:\u003c/strong\u003e Right.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/166907/file/303640#t=1207.0,1207.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/166907/file/303640/transcript/91269/annotation/67","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eBerman:\u003c/strong\u003e Right. And how helpful were they when … Tell me about getting off that plane for the first time. What was that feeling?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/166907/file/303640#t=1207.0,1215.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/166907/file/303640/transcript/91269/annotation/68","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eShalova:\u003c/strong\u003e Okay, first time we arrived in New York. In New York, we were waiting for like five or six hours and then they put us in an airplane coming to Atlanta. We came to Atlanta and we had some Russian people who met us at the airport, and they brought us to the Willow Walk apartments. It's in Sandy Springs, right across from the Prado [shopping mall]. It was old apartments. They brought us there and they said, \"That's your apartment.\" By Russian standards, it was a great apartment. It wasn't great inside, of course. It was like, very … I believe it was supposed to be like … It was so cheap in the beginning. So, we lived there like for seven, eight months, then we move from that. And first four months, Jewish Federation help us to pay for our rent. They find us job. They provide the classes, English classes.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/166907/file/303640#t=1215.0,1274.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/166907/file/303640/transcript/91269/annotation/69","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eBerman:\u003c/strong\u003e Was it Federation and also Jewish Family Services or just Federation?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/166907/file/303640#t=1274.0,1280.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/166907/file/303640/transcript/91269/annotation/70","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eShalova:\u003c/strong\u003e I believe both. And we had a Jewish family who took my daughter with them everywhere. They had a little girl. They took my daughter.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/166907/file/303640#t=1280.0,1295.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/166907/file/303640/transcript/91269/annotation/71","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eBerman:\u003c/strong\u003e Do you remember their names?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/166907/file/303640#t=1295.0,1301.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/166907/file/303640/transcript/91269/annotation/72","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eShalova:\u003c/strong\u003e No, it's been 17 years, so …","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/166907/file/303640#t=1301.0,1308.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/166907/file/303640/transcript/91269/annotation/73","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eBerman:\u003c/strong\u003e Did you know any English before you came here?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/166907/file/303640#t=1308.0,1311.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/166907/file/303640/transcript/91269/annotation/74","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eShalova:\u003c/strong\u003e Zero.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/166907/file/303640#t=1311.0,1312.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/166907/file/303640/transcript/91269/annotation/75","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eBerman:\u003c/strong\u003e You speak beautifully.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/166907/file/303640#t=1312.0,1313.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/166907/file/303640/transcript/91269/annotation/76","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eShalova:\u003c/strong\u003e Thank you.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/166907/file/303640#t=1313.0,1314.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/166907/file/303640/transcript/91269/annotation/77","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eBerman:\u003c/strong\u003e So, was that difficult? [Yes.]","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/166907/file/303640#t=1314.0,1315.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/166907/file/303640/transcript/91269/annotation/78","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eShalova:\u003c/strong\u003e [Yes.]","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/166907/file/303640#t=1315.0,1315.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/166907/file/303640/transcript/91269/annotation/79","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eBerman:\u003c/strong\u003e [Yes.] Night classes? Day classes? How did you learn?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/166907/file/303640#t=1315.0,1320.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/166907/file/303640/transcript/91269/annotation/80","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eShalova:\u003c/strong\u003e I didn't have any classes because, you know, when you have two children and you have to pay for the roof and for the food on the table … So, I start to work immediately, and I work two, three jobs.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/166907/file/303640#t=1320.0,1334.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/166907/file/303640/transcript/91269/annotation/81","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eBerman:\u003c/strong\u003e What were your jobs?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/166907/file/303640#t=1334.0,1335.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/166907/file/303640/transcript/91269/annotation/82","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eShalova:\u003c/strong\u003e Oh, gosh, they said, \"If you're not gonna get this job, we're gonna take you out from the … We're not going to pay for your apartment,\" so … And I didn't, well, I didn't even think that somebody's gonna help me. So, it was my choice to leave the country. First time, my job was … They offer us to clean hotels. I took it immediately and I worked so hard all the time to put some food on the table, to pay for the roof. So, yes, and then, I did like laundry. After I finished with the rooms, I did laundry for overtime. Then, at evening time, late, I went to … It was right in Prado, right across our apartments. We walk. It was a school, Prado Interact, for the computers. We learned like accounting. For the accounting, I went to school there, but it was only computers. It wasn't any English. For six months, I did that. And then, I had like maybe one day a month off. I worked every single day, and after work, run to the store, did the grocery, at night, put children to bed, and cook, and clean, and laundry. Oh, it's … I don't wanna be there again, but yes, I went through all of that.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/166907/file/303640#t=1335.0,1421.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/166907/file/303640/transcript/91269/annotation/83","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eBerman:\u003c/strong\u003e And your husband, what is his name, by the way? Edward.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/166907/file/303640#t=1421.0,1424.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/166907/file/303640/transcript/91269/annotation/84","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eShalova:\u003c/strong\u003e Edward.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/166907/file/303640#t=1424.0,1424.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/166907/file/303640/transcript/91269/annotation/85","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eBerman:\u003c/strong\u003e Edward. Edward.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/166907/file/303640#t=1424.0,1425.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/166907/file/303640/transcript/91269/annotation/86","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eShalova:\u003c/strong\u003e Edward, and he was working at the G. Philip Company. I will never forget that day when I took my daughter first time. We just came, and I had five dollars in a pocket, and empty refrigerator, and nothing at home to children and husband, and I took her to the store with me. It used to be Cub Foods, right in Lindbergh [neighborhood]. I took her with me. One Russian guy, he offered us if I need to go to the store, he can drive me there. And I don't want to leave her at home by herself, so I took her with me because my husband took my son. I took her with me, and it was the biggest mistake. She saw everything and she want everything. Of course, she's six years old child. She want everything. She doesn't know. She doesn't care that I don't have any money or anything. I took her with me, and she saw ice cream. And she said, \"Mama. Mama, ice cream. Can I have an ice cream?\" in Russian. It's a bunch of Russians there, and I feel so embarrassed, and I said so quiet, \"Sabine, baby, I don't have any money. I have only $5, and that ice cream costs $5. Can I buy for you next time?\" You know, in Russia, I never say no to her, because we had everything in Russia, full everything. So, she probably will … Well, she did get upset because she would just walk and she just look, walk behind me, so little, tiny girl. She walked behind me. I just start to walk ahead and she walked behind me. And she said so quiet, but [loud] enough so I can hear, she said, \"When I'm going to be a big girl, I'm gonna buy for myself everything.\" Oh, G-d, it's like she put knife in my heart and turn around. I turn around and I said, \"Okay. Okay, baby, I'm gonna buy for you this ice cream. Let's go.\" And she look at me and she said, \"No, but I know you don't have any money, but I want an ice cream.\" And those diamond tears coming from her eyes, I was just like kind of, \"Okay, let's go. I gonna buy you ice cream.\" Well, I didn't because I thought, \"If I'm going to give her ice cream now, what she's going to eat in the morning?\" I even remember what I bought for that money. I will never forget this story. It's scary.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/166907/file/303640#t=1425.0,1568.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/166907/file/303640/transcript/91269/annotation/87","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eBerman:\u003c/strong\u003e A lot of people who emigrated have said it was shocking to see the amount of food and the stocked shelves at the grocery store and the stores for the first time. This is true.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/166907/file/303640#t=1568.0,1580.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/166907/file/303640/transcript/91269/annotation/88","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eBerman:\u003c/strong\u003e This is true.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/166907/file/303640#t=1580.0,1580.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/166907/file/303640/transcript/91269/annotation/89","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eShalova:\u003c/strong\u003e This is true. Is that a big difference? Oh, yes.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/166907/file/303640#t=1580.0,1582.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/166907/file/303640/transcript/91269/annotation/90","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eShalova:\u003c/strong\u003e Oh, yes.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/166907/file/303640#t=1582.0,1582.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/166907/file/303640/transcript/91269/annotation/91","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eBerman:\u003c/strong\u003e Oh, yes. Describe that for me.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/166907/file/303640#t=1582.0,1584.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/166907/file/303640/transcript/91269/annotation/92","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eShalova:\u003c/strong\u003e Yes, okay, at five o'clock in the morning we woke up in Russia with the little gallons, and we went outside to buy milk. If you're not going to get it at five, you're going to not get fresh milk. Then, you have to run to the store and stay. At seven o' clock, stores, I mean, open. You have to go to the stores and buy that milk in the store. If you are going to be lucky, you are gonna get there. Oh, before even the doors opened the line was like long, long, long. So, if you're going to get lucky, you're going to get from the store. If you're not … So, same with bread, same with chicken, toilet paper, everything.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/166907/file/303640#t=1584.0,1625.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/166907/file/303640/transcript/91269/annotation/93","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eBerman:\u003c/strong\u003e So, were you shocked when you saw the amount of goods?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/166907/file/303640#t=1625.0,1629.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/166907/file/303640/transcript/91269/annotation/94","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eShalova:\u003c/strong\u003e Probably not because before we went to Hungary and I was kind of, \"Wow!\" I was shocked there first time. When I came here, no, because I already was in Hungry. I already was in Vienna when we immigrate. The stores was full also in Italy and then, when we came here, it was already like it's supposed to be. It's not Russia anymore and it's supposed to be like that. We wasn't that shocked because I was already somewhere before America.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/166907/file/303640#t=1629.0,1662.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/166907/file/303640/transcript/91269/annotation/95","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eBerman:\u003c/strong\u003e I did not ask you. I guess we should backtrack a little. What did you do in Russia and what did your husband do? What were your occupations?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/166907/file/303640#t=1662.0,1669.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/166907/file/303640/transcript/91269/annotation/96","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eShalova:\u003c/strong\u003e My husband was a photographer. He had his business in Russia, which is they try to close all the time. Before we left, they start to make like more of those businesses for people so they can make more money. And my sister-in-law had business there. My husband had, but I was in accounting. I finished college. I was in accounting, and in Russia, because I had two children, I worked only one year. Then, my husband's money was enough, so I stayed with the children at home, took my daughter to ice skating. She from three and a half was ice skating. And I took my son to special school, where it was like swimming. He could take swimming lessons and everything. So, I was basically like a mom, full-time mom, and took them to see my mom all the time. Like twice, three times a year, we went to see mom. But later on, they start to let people have more businesses. After we left, I heard they start the close [businesses] again. Now, since [Vladimir] Putin came, I believe it's like more freedom of speech, but maybe not. I don't know. It's hard to say when you're not there exactly.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/166907/file/303640#t=1669.0,1752.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/166907/file/303640/transcript/91269/annotation/97","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eBerman:\u003c/strong\u003e So, what does your husband do today?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/166907/file/303640#t=1752.0,1755.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/166907/file/303640/transcript/91269/annotation/98","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eShalova:\u003c/strong\u003e Right now, he works. He used to work for 16 years for Pizza Hut and Pizza Domino's. He was a delivery driver. Then, he was a manager in a pizza [restaurant] for a few years. Right now, just like a couple of months ago, he changed his job. He started to work with one Jewish guy. Gosh, what is the name of this company? I don't know. Honestly, it's new. He just started to work and I don't know. And you? What do you do?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/166907/file/303640#t=1755.0,1792.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/166907/file/303640/transcript/91269/annotation/99","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eBerman:\u003c/strong\u003e And you? What do you do?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/166907/file/303640#t=1792.0,1792.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/166907/file/303640/transcript/91269/annotation/100","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eShalova:\u003c/strong\u003e And you? What do you do? He still work a couple days at the pizza because he has good insurance there. And I work at the hair salon. I do hair. That's how I know Judy and that's how I come to be American citizen in 1995. I was so excited. I was studying for my test. That's also interesting. I studied for my test. I just knew I'm not going to learn all of this American history, so I took those hundred questions what I'm supposed to know for the test, and I bring, and I give it to client. I did their color, and I ask, \"What is that? What is that?\" And they asked me. They tried to answer my question. They said, \"Oh, Rosita, we don't know.\" I said, \"How come you're an American and you don't know?\" So, they said, \"By the time when you're going to have a test, you're gonna know more about American history than we do.\" So anyway, I passed it very well, very fast, and I got the American … I got that test. And I asked, when I came back to the shop, to the salon, I was so excited. I was like, \"Yes! I'm American citizen now! Yay!\" And it was in 1995, 11 years ago. My boss, he told me, \"Yes, no, you're not an American citizen yet.\" I said, \"Why not? I am. I just passed my test.\" He said, \"You didn't take your oath yet.\" I said, \"Oh, if I pass my test, I'm going to take my oath.\" And we had a wonderful lady there. Her name is Susie Soper. She wrote. She heard. I believe she was the head of Atlanta Journal-Constitution Living section. She was doing pedicure at that time, and she saw how excited I was. She decided to write about that, and she sent the reporter in the salon, and he, or she, I believe, she took the interview from everyone in the shop, even from the clients. Then, she sent a photographer in my house, and they started to take pictures of how my daughter and my niece light the Shabbos candles. Then, they probably didn't like that picture, so she sent a photographer when I took my oath.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/166907/file/303640#t=1792.0,1927.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/166907/file/303640/transcript/91269/annotation/101","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eBerman:\u003c/strong\u003e I think it is wonderful. Describe that feeling of taking your oath of citizenship.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/166907/file/303640#t=1927.0,1933.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/166907/file/303640/transcript/91269/annotation/102","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eShalova:\u003c/strong\u003e Well, honestly, I almost cried. I almost cry. It was a lot of people there from every place: China, Israel, Russia, everywhere, a lot of people, South America. I was standing, and the camera was directly on me, and they was taking pictures, and all people look at me. I, at the same time, feel kind of embarrassed and at the same time, feel kind of special. Then, when I took my oath, I almost cry and my husband hugged me. They took the pictures. It was unbelievable. It was. I was so excited about that. And then, for the next day … For a couple of days, I believe … No, not for a few days. They told us exactly when I'm going to [be in the] newspaper, when the newspaper going to be. We went and we bought newspapers, several, and then I start to receive the article with my pictures and my husband's picture from my clients. One client, she framed it and she make like a picture, and it's in my wall now in my husband office, so it's cool.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/166907/file/303640#t=1933.0,2009.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/166907/file/303640/transcript/91269/annotation/103","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eBerman:\u003c/strong\u003e That is wonderful. When you left—you mentioned your mother earlier—when you emigrated, did you leave your mother? Is she still there?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/166907/file/303640#t=2009.0,2022.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/166907/file/303640/transcript/91269/annotation/104","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eShalova:\u003c/strong\u003e My mom and my dad, when we immigrate, they still live in Pyatigorsk. I was the first one, and my brother a week later, he followed me, and we both here. Then, my mom, she lived in Russia, and she got real sick. And you know, Russian doctors in four different places in Russia tell that she had a cancer and only in Israel they can fix this problem. So, my father took my mom and they ran to Israel. They even didn't sell their house because they gave my mom only four months. They said, \"Four months,\" and that's it. So, my mom wants to see me so badly and my brother. It was a year after we left and I was no one here yet. I didn't have any papers to go. I didn't have anything. So, I went to Jewish Family Services. It was a Russian lady there. Her name was Rosa Kaleti. I went to her and I said, \"Rosa.\" I cried. I cried and I say, \"Rosa, you have to do something. My mom is in Israel.\" And I bring for her letters from Israel and the … Diagnose? Like the doctors said. Diagnosis.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/166907/file/303640#t=2022.0,2104.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/166907/file/303640/transcript/91269/annotation/105","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eBerman:\u003c/strong\u003e Diagnosis.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/166907/file/303640#t=2104.0,2104.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/166907/file/303640/transcript/91269/annotation/106","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eShalova:\u003c/strong\u003e Diagnosis. Diagnosis, what did she have. And she read that and she called some guy and they gave me like this travel passport. During like three, four hours, I had a travel passport, and she called another guy, a Jewish guy, and she asked him do it. [She said,] \"It's a mitzvah [Hebrew: commandment; a good deed]. Do it for her. She have to go to Israel to see her mom. Her mom is very sick.\" He gave me a ticket for $850 and I assume they was … Well, I know they are so expensive. So, it was first time when I went to Israel to see my mom. And then, it was a year like [since] I came and of course, I didn't have any money. I didn't save anything, but I did have my luggage came from Russia. So, in my luggage, I had beautiful six rugs, handmade. So, I took those rugs and I went to Jewish synagogue or somewhere. It's on High Point [Road], synagogue, Chabad …","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/166907/file/303640#t=2104.0,2173.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/166907/file/303640/transcript/91269/annotation/107","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eBerman:\u003c/strong\u003e The Chabad House [of Congregation Beth Tefillah] on High Point Road.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/166907/file/303640#t=2173.0,2175.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/166907/file/303640/transcript/91269/annotation/108","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eShalova:\u003c/strong\u003e Rabbi [Yossi] New was there. Rabbi New, right.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/166907/file/303640#t=2175.0,2178.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/166907/file/303640/transcript/91269/annotation/109","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eBerman:\u003c/strong\u003e Rabbi New, right.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/166907/file/303640#t=2178.0,2178.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/166907/file/303640/transcript/91269/annotation/110","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eShalova:\u003c/strong\u003e Rabbi New, right. So, I went there and I asked people, \"Who wants to buy rugs, handmade? I need some money to go to Israel. My mom is very sick.\" So, it was one doctor. His name … His wife's name was Linda. I'm not sure about his name. So, they bought from me three rugs and another three … He gave me like $1,250 for three rugs. And another three rugs, my husband just took to the store, and he just gave it to them for $250 each. So, altogether, it came to $2,000. That's what I took with me and pay for my ticket. Well, and we saved, I believe, $500. So, I filled the full refrigerator with food, we pay rent for our apartment, and I left my husband with nothing, with two children, but I cook a lot, left them frozen food, and left for them for two, three weeks, and I went to Israel to see my mom. Rosa Kaleti helped me with my ticket, and she helped me with my travel passport. So, then I went to Amsterdam [the Netherlands] and then, I came to Israel first time. Then, my mom had surgery there and I saw my aunt who sent visa for me. It was her son's wedding day before my mom went to the hospital. We went to her son's wedding. Then, I said, \"We have to go to Wailing Wall.\" The only note I put in the wall [said], \"G-d, please save my mom,\" just a little tiny note. And my mom, you should see. Her list was like that [very long] for her children, for her grandchildren, for everyone. She couldn't find any little hole [large enough to fit] that big letter in the wall. So, anyway, and next day, we went to this hospital, and she was in the hospital. Her surgery was like for five hours. I tried to talk to the doctor. He speak Russian, because my English was just three words at that time. I didn't speak English well at that time, like I speak now. So, anyway, I just remember he dialed a code on the door and I just look. I remembered the numbers what he dial and they put her behind that door. So, when nobody was around, I just dialed that number. The door was open. Then, I said, \"Mom, just don't worry. Everything's going to be fine.\" And she said, \"Rosita, don't do that. They're going to kick you out from here. Just don't do that.\" [I said,]\"Mom, just don't worry.\" I was fasting all day long. I didn't eat anything. She was … Surgery was long. I called them all the time to ask, \"Is that finished? Is that?\" Right.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/166907/file/303640#t=2178.0,2368.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/166907/file/303640/transcript/91269/annotation/111","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eBerman:\u003c/strong\u003e Right.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/166907/file/303640#t=2368.0,2368.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/166907/file/303640/transcript/91269/annotation/112","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eShalova:\u003c/strong\u003e Right. So, everything was fine. Thank you, G-d. That is great.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/166907/file/303640#t=2368.0,2374.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/166907/file/303640/transcript/91269/annotation/113","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eBerman:\u003c/strong\u003e That is great.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/166907/file/303640#t=2374.0,2374.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/166907/file/303640/transcript/91269/annotation/114","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eShalova:\u003c/strong\u003e That is great. Thank you, G-d. She was saved, but a year and a half after, I lost my father there. He died from cancer. Oh, I am so sorry.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/166907/file/303640#t=2374.0,2383.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/166907/file/303640/transcript/91269/annotation/115","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eBerman:\u003c/strong\u003e Oh, I am so sorry.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/166907/file/303640#t=2383.0,2383.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/166907/file/303640/transcript/91269/annotation/116","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eShalova:\u003c/strong\u003e Oh, I am so sorry. Thank you. He die from cancer.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/166907/file/303640#t=2383.0,2384.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/166907/file/303640/transcript/91269/annotation/117","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eBerman:\u003c/strong\u003e Did they stay in Israel then?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/166907/file/303640#t=2384.0,2386.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/166907/file/303640/transcript/91269/annotation/118","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eShalova:\u003c/strong\u003e Yes, they stay in Israel.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/166907/file/303640#t=2386.0,2389.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/166907/file/303640/transcript/91269/annotation/119","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eBerman:\u003c/strong\u003e Is your mother still in Israel?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/166907/file/303640#t=2389.0,2390.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/166907/file/303640/transcript/91269/annotation/120","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eShalova:\u003c/strong\u003e My mom's still in Israel. She just did a beautiful wedding for my daughter there. And yes, she invited people. We have a lot of relatives there and yes.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/166907/file/303640#t=2390.0,2405.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/166907/file/303640/transcript/91269/annotation/121","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eBerman:\u003c/strong\u003e That is wonderful.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/166907/file/303640#t=2405.0,2407.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/166907/file/303640/transcript/91269/annotation/122","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eShalova:\u003c/strong\u003e I just want to say something. I went to Rabbi New and I asked him, \"Please. Please pray for my mom.\" And I had a little … It was a little … At school, at Hebrew Academy, somebody gave for my daughter or for my son. I don't know. It was like a little, red teddy bear. You have to put coins there. Like, how you call this? Like money … Was it a bank?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/166907/file/303640#t=2407.0,2432.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/166907/file/303640/transcript/91269/annotation/123","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eBerman:\u003c/strong\u003e Was it a bank?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/166907/file/303640#t=2432.0,2432.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/166907/file/303640/transcript/91269/annotation/124","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eShalova:\u003c/strong\u003e Was it a bank? Right. And they say, like, coins put … All of these coins. It wasn't that much, but I didn't have anything. So, I bring that little teddy bear to the Rabbi New. And I said, \"That's all I have to give you. Please pray for my mom.\" So, it's …","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/166907/file/303640#t=2432.0,2456.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/166907/file/303640/transcript/91269/annotation/125","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eBerman:\u003c/strong\u003e That is a wonderful story. It really is. It must have been just so difficult for you to get the courage initially to leave. Was there one incident, finally, the last straw that made you say, \"This is it. We're leaving,\" or did it just build up over time?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/166907/file/303640#t=2456.0,2483.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/166907/file/303640/transcript/91269/annotation/126","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eShalova:\u003c/strong\u003e In Russia? Yes.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/166907/file/303640#t=2483.0,2484.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/166907/file/303640/transcript/91269/annotation/127","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eBerman:\u003c/strong\u003e Yes.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/166907/file/303640#t=2484.0,2484.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/166907/file/303640/transcript/91269/annotation/128","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eShalova:\u003c/strong\u003e Yes. It built up. The last one was when somebody wanna poison my sister-in-law there in Russia. She had a business and she make a good amount of money. Somebody find out and they decide to poison her. And it was the last maybe … Yes, it was built little by little, but that was the last one. Somebody came into her place. She had a safe at home, and she always showed off. She was … She did show off what she had. Like, if she had diamonds, she wear them. If she had nice clothes, she wear that. Of course, that's why we live. That's why. If you have, why not? If you bought, just buy that and just wear that, of course. So, she did wear that, and somebody just find out, and they came to her place, and they just like bring a bottle of cognac, and some fruits, and they said, \"Anna, do you remember me?\" She said, \"No.\" He said, \"Oh, I know you. I know your father. I know your mom. I know blah, blah, everyone.\" So, when she leave … It was her apartment and her mom's apartment [was] right across. And they said, \"Let's just drink for your father's health, for your mom's health. Let's just drinking.\" She said, \"I don't drink.\" So, and he came with the girlfriend. She said, \"I don't drink.\" And then, they just talked and said, \"Okay, hold on. I'm going to bring some little glasses, shot glasses.\" So, she bring to them and while she turn around, they probably put something in her glass. So, she was feeling awful. They took her to the emergency room. She immediately … She feels that she's going to be nauseous or something, and she immediately said, \"Excuse me one moment.\" She walked to her mother and she said, \"Mom, I don't feel good, and in my place, two people, and I don't know them that well, but I think they did something.\" So, she immediately gave her a few big liters of water to drink, and make her throw up, because without that, to clean up her insides. Then, she went there to that room, and she said, \"Um, and it's going to be there in a minute. Hold on one second.\" And they feel something scared, and they live on the ninth floor, so they just run away. They didn't took anything, but they run away. Unbelievable.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/166907/file/303640#t=2484.0,2642.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/166907/file/303640/transcript/91269/annotation/129","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eBerman:\u003c/strong\u003e Unbelievable.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/166907/file/303640#t=2642.0,2642.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/166907/file/303640/transcript/91269/annotation/130","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eShalova:\u003c/strong\u003e Unbelievable. They took her and they put her in intensive care. Her life was between, but yes, they did save her life. Thank you, G-d. After that, we tried to hide her. She wasn't allowed to live in her place. I believe my mother-in-law's sister's husband tried to take her in his place. He tried to find out who did it. Like private investigator, tried find out who did it. So, it was kind of …","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/166907/file/303640#t=2642.0,2673.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/166907/file/303640/transcript/91269/annotation/131","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eBerman:\u003c/strong\u003e Where is she now?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/166907/file/303640#t=2673.0,2674.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/166907/file/303640/transcript/91269/annotation/132","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eShalova:\u003c/strong\u003e Who?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/166907/file/303640#t=2674.0,2675.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/166907/file/303640/transcript/91269/annotation/133","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eBerman:\u003c/strong\u003e Your sister-in-law.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/166907/file/303640#t=2675.0,2676.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/166907/file/303640/transcript/91269/annotation/134","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eShalova:\u003c/strong\u003e Here.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/166907/file/303640#t=2676.0,2677.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/166907/file/303640/transcript/91269/annotation/135","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eBerman:\u003c/strong\u003e There is …","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/166907/file/303640#t=2677.0,2682.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/166907/file/303640/transcript/91269/annotation/136","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eShalova:\u003c/strong\u003e They follow us like six months later.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/166907/file/303640#t=2682.0,2685.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/166907/file/303640/transcript/91269/annotation/137","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eBerman:\u003c/strong\u003e It is amazing to me how you were able to retain your Judaism living there. It seems so important to you here. Why do you think? What was it about you and your family? Some of the other Russian families that have emigrated here, because of how they lived in the Soviet Union, they don't have a lot of feeling toward the religion, the religious aspect. Yet you seem to be very entrenched in your Judaism. I was wondering. What do you think the reason for that is?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/166907/file/303640#t=2685.0,2729.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/166907/file/303640/transcript/91269/annotation/138","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eShalova:\u003c/strong\u003e Maybe because of my grandfather, maybe because of that. But in Russia, you don't believe in G-d. Before anyway, when I was growing up, they didn't let you even think about that. And we wasn't that crazy about religion in Russia because we grow up like that, you know, and everything. Yes, I did believe. Inside myself, I know there is a G-d and I believe in G-d. But when I'm in school, no. I don't know. I don't believe in G-d. I was scared to say something, but inside … My mom always told me, \"There is a G-d. He's watching you. Everything what's happened, happened for a reason. Just blah, blah, and blah.\" And I was like, \"Yes, inside I believe in G-d.\" But like you said, a lot of Russian people, they don't follow that because we grow up like that. They raised like that, that in communism, there is no G-d. You're not blah, blah, blah … You are not allowed even to think about that. You're not allowed even to talk about that.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/166907/file/303640#t=2729.0,2798.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/166907/file/303640/transcript/91269/annotation/139","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eBerman:\u003c/strong\u003e And here, did your children go to … You mentioned the Hebrew Academy.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/166907/file/303640#t=2798.0,2802.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/166907/file/303640/transcript/91269/annotation/140","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eShalova:\u003c/strong\u003e When we just came, yes.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/166907/file/303640#t=2802.0,2804.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/166907/file/303640/transcript/91269/annotation/141","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eBerman:\u003c/strong\u003e Did they stay there for a long time, or did they just start out there?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/166907/file/303640#t=2804.0,2807.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/166907/file/303640/transcript/91269/annotation/142","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eShalova:\u003c/strong\u003e Just started, just a couple of years.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/166907/file/303640#t=2807.0,2810.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/166907/file/303640/transcript/91269/annotation/143","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eBerman:\u003c/strong\u003e And then, are you affiliated with a synagogue?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/166907/file/303640#t=2810.0,2814.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/166907/file/303640/transcript/91269/annotation/144","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eShalova:\u003c/strong\u003e We go to Or VeShalom synagogue because it's so close to my house. But when we move, it was far away. We moved to Marietta. Hebrew Academy is in Sandy Springs, so it was a little bit far away for us to drive, and a little pricey when you start to get on your feet. They did that, gave us a good discount, very good discount. But it's still far away to drive and it was … So, we have to take them [out of Hebrew Academy], unfortunately.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/166907/file/303640#t=2814.0,2848.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/166907/file/303640/transcript/91269/annotation/145","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eBerman:\u003c/strong\u003e And what about the holidays? Do you celebrate the holidays? Is that a great feeling to be able to do it openly?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/166907/file/303640#t=2848.0,2854.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/166907/file/303640/transcript/91269/annotation/146","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eShalova:\u003c/strong\u003e Yes. Oh, happy Hanukkah, by the way. Happy Hanukkah. It's … Yes, and they try to … I have a grandson and they tried to tell him also about the … And it was a funny story. His mother is not Jewish. She's Christian and he came last year. He came to us and he said, \"Mima, are you Jewish?\" I said, \"Yes.\" He goes, \"Is my grandpa Jewish?\" I said, \"Yes.\" [He asked,]\"Is my papa Jewish?\" I said, \"Yes.\" He goes, \"But I am not Jewish.\" I said, \"Oh, really? Why is that?\" He said, \"Because I'm not Jewish.\" I said, \"Well, that's fine. You know, baby, I respect any religion. That's fine. If you don't want to be Jewish, that fine.\" So, there is a Christmas coming in and Hanukkah coming in, and he saw some gifts are up for him. And he goes, \"Mima, can I please have one of my Hanukkah gifts?\" I said, \"Absolutely not.\" He said, \"Why?\" I said, \"You're not Jewish. How are you going to have a Hanukkah gift?\" He goes, \"I'll be Jewish for tonight to make you happy.\" It was so cute. Then, he sang for me a dreidel song and then he got his present. And then my friend came. She brought for him a present and he goes, \"But I'm not Jewish.\" He told her. And she said, \"You know what, baby? It's fine. It's good to be Jewish and Christian at the same time, so you're going to have presents for Hanukkah and for Christmas.\"","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/166907/file/303640#t=2854.0,2942.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/166907/file/303640/transcript/91269/annotation/147","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eBerman:\u003c/strong\u003e That is great.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/166907/file/303640#t=2942.0,2943.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/166907/file/303640/transcript/91269/annotation/148","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eShalova:\u003c/strong\u003e He said, \"Oh, I'll think about that.\" He's funny.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/166907/file/303640#t=2943.0,2947.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/166907/file/303640/transcript/91269/annotation/149","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eBerman:\u003c/strong\u003e So, now, tell me about Israel. You said if you had to do it all over again …","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/166907/file/303640#t=2947.0,2951.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/166907/file/303640/transcript/91269/annotation/150","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eShalova:\u003c/strong\u003e I'd go to Israel.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/166907/file/303640#t=2951.0,2952.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/166907/file/303640/transcript/91269/annotation/151","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eBerman:\u003c/strong\u003e You may have gone to Israel. Why? Tell me about that.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/166907/file/303640#t=2952.0,2958.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/166907/file/303640/transcript/91269/annotation/152","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eShalova:\u003c/strong\u003e First time when I came there, [it was] because of my mom got sick. First time, with my foot step on Israeli land, I cried and I feel like I'm at home. It was that touching. I don't know. Nobody met me there. My family, somebody did, my uncle, I believe, met me. But it wasn't like it was my mom or … But I feel like I was at home. It was that touching, that kind of feeling. And you know, honestly, if I will have a little bit more money, I will move there today.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/166907/file/303640#t=2958.0,3001.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/166907/file/303640/transcript/91269/annotation/153","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eBerman:\u003c/strong\u003e Does your husband feel the same way?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/166907/file/303640#t=3001.0,3004.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/166907/file/303640/transcript/91269/annotation/154","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eShalova:\u003c/strong\u003e He will move everywhere where I move, I think.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/166907/file/303640#t=3004.0,3009.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/166907/file/303640/transcript/91269/annotation/155","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eBerman:\u003c/strong\u003e Well, maybe someday, huh? Maybe someday.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/166907/file/303640#t=3009.0,3014.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/166907/file/303640/transcript/91269/annotation/156","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eShalova:\u003c/strong\u003e Honestly, I do feel that if I will make some more money, I will buy a place there and move there when I'm going to retire.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/166907/file/303640#t=3014.0,3022.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/166907/file/303640/transcript/91269/annotation/157","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eBerman:\u003c/strong\u003e That is wonderful.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/166907/file/303640#t=3022.0,3023.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/166907/file/303640/transcript/91269/annotation/158","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eShalova:\u003c/strong\u003e I love Israel. It's a beautiful country. Have you been there?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/166907/file/303640#t=3023.0,3026.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/166907/file/303640/transcript/91269/annotation/159","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eBerman:\u003c/strong\u003e Yes, many times.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/166907/file/303640#t=3026.0,3028.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/166907/file/303640/transcript/91269/annotation/160","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eShalova:\u003c/strong\u003e I love it. Yes, it's a beautiful country.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/166907/file/303640#t=3028.0,3036.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/166907/file/303640/transcript/91269/annotation/161","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eBerman:\u003c/strong\u003e Are any of your relatives still left in the Soviet Union?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/166907/file/303640#t=3036.0,3039.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/166907/file/303640/transcript/91269/annotation/162","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eShalova:\u003c/strong\u003e My cousin. She came for my daughter's wedding from Pyatigorsk, yes, with her little daughter. Yes, just my cousin [is still in Russia], not direct family. My sister, she lives in Israel now, too.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/166907/file/303640#t=3039.0,3053.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/166907/file/303640/transcript/91269/annotation/163","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eBerman:\u003c/strong\u003e So, you have a lot of reason to move to Israel.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/166907/file/303640#t=3053.0,3056.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/166907/file/303640/transcript/91269/annotation/164","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eShalova:\u003c/strong\u003e Easy, yes. It's a beautiful country and it's home.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/166907/file/303640#t=3056.0,3063.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/166907/file/303640/transcript/91269/annotation/165","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eBerman:\u003c/strong\u003e Do you miss anything at all about the Soviet Union or Russia?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/166907/file/303640#t=3063.0,3068.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/166907/file/303640/transcript/91269/annotation/166","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eShalova:\u003c/strong\u003e [No.]","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/166907/file/303640#t=3068.0,3068.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/166907/file/303640/transcript/91269/annotation/167","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eBerman:\u003c/strong\u003e [No.] Not a thing?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/166907/file/303640#t=3068.0,3068.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/166907/file/303640/transcript/91269/annotation/168","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eShalova:\u003c/strong\u003e I would love to go to see, but my friend, she just came back there. She said, \"I always willing to go there because I want to see one more time. But as soon as I came to Tashkent and saw everything, I couldn't wait when I'm going to go back home.\" No.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/166907/file/303640#t=3068.0,3088.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/166907/file/303640/transcript/91269/annotation/169","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eBerman:\u003c/strong\u003e Your story is just amazing.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/166907/file/303640#t=3088.0,3091.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/166907/file/303640/transcript/91269/annotation/170","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eShalova:\u003c/strong\u003e Thank you.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/166907/file/303640#t=3091.0,3091.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/166907/file/303640/transcript/91269/annotation/171","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eBerman:\u003c/strong\u003e The way you express yourself is also just amazing. I just would like to thank you very much for agreeing to do this. It was a wonderful interview. Thank you.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/166907/file/303640#t=3091.0,3102.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/166907/file/303640/transcript/91269/annotation/172","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eShalova:\u003c/strong\u003e Thank you.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/166907/file/303640#t=3102.0,3102.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/166907/file/303640/transcript/91269/annotation/173","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eBerman:\u003c/strong\u003e Thank you.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/166907/file/303640#t=3102.0,3103.0"}]},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/166907/file/303640/annotation_set/2354","type":"AnnotationPage","label":{"en":["Annotations [Transcript]"]},"items":[{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/166907/file/303640/annotation_set/2354/annotation/174","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThis is a reference to the Esther and Herbert Taylor Oral History Collection, which was founded by Herbert Taylor (1895-1987) and his wife, Esther Kahn Taylor (1905-1992), who were philanthropists and active members of the Atlanta Jewish community. Their daughter-in-law Judith Grossman Taylor (b. 1936) and her husband Mark continue their tradition of philanthropy and now fund the project.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/166907/file/303640#t=0.0,42.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/166907/file/303640/annotation_set/2354/annotation/175","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eGrozny is the capital city of Chechnya, officially called the Chechen Republic. Although Chechnya is officially part of Russia, it operates with a degree of autonomy and has its own government. It is situated in the North Caucasus of Eastern Europe, between the Caspian Sea and Black Sea. \u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/166907/file/303640#t=42.0,51.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/166907/file/303640/annotation_set/2354/annotation/176","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eChechnya is overwhelmingly Sunni Muslim, with more than 94 percent of its population adhering to this faith. Historically, the region also included minority groups such as Jews and a substantial community of Russian Orthodox Christians. However, religious persecution the began in the 1930s under Soviet rule, followed by the regional conflicts in the 1990s, led to significant changes in the demographic makeup of the area. Today, there is no significant or visible Jewish population in Chechnya, and the Christian population represents only a small fraction of the total population.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/166907/file/303640#t=57.0,174.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/166907/file/303640/annotation_set/2354/annotation/177","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eChechen rebels refer to various separatist and Islamist militant groups that have fought against Russian rule in the North Caucasus region, primarily during two major wars (1994–1996 and 1999–2009).\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/166907/file/303640#t=57.0,174.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/166907/file/303640/annotation_set/2354/annotation/178","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eLeonid Ilyich Brezhnev (1906-1982) was a Soviet politician who led the Soviet Union from 1964 to 1982 as the General Secretary of the Central Committee (CC) of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union (CPSU), presiding over the country until his death.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/166907/file/303640#t=57.0,174.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/166907/file/303640/annotation_set/2354/annotation/179","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eTashkent is the capital and largest city of Uzbekistan, a nation in Central Asia that is a former Soviet republic. In 1865 it was conquered by the Russian Empire and witnessed major growth and demographic changes due to forced deportations from throughout the Soviet Union.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/166907/file/303640#t=57.0,174.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/166907/file/303640/annotation_set/2354/annotation/180","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eIn the 1970s and again in the late 1980s through the 1990s, large numbers of Jews left the Soviet Union due to religious repression and the desire for better opportunities. Many emigrated to Israel after restrictions were eased, while others settled in Western countries, including the United States. These waves of migration were driven by changing political conditions and resulted in significant Jewish diaspora communities abroad.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/166907/file/303640#t=176.0,192.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/166907/file/303640/annotation_set/2354/annotation/181","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eRefusenik is an unofficial term for individuals—typically, but not exclusively, Soviet Jews—who were denied permission to emigrate, primarily to Israel, by the authorities of the Soviet Union and other countries of the Soviet Bloc.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/166907/file/303640#t=192.0,195.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/166907/file/303640/annotation_set/2354/annotation/182","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003ePesach\u003cbr\u003e [Hebrew: Passover] is the celebration of Israel’s liberation from Egyptian bondage. The holiday lasts for eight days. Unleavened bread, matzah, is eaten in memory of the unleavened bread prepared by the Israelites during their hasty flight from Egypt, when they had not time to wait for the dough to rise. On the first two nights of Passover, the seder, the central event of the holiday, is celebrated.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/166907/file/303640#t=264.0,315.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/166907/file/303640/annotation_set/2354/annotation/183","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eRosh HaShanah\u003cbr\u003e [Hebrew: head of the year] begins the cycle of High Holy Days. It introduces the Ten Days of Penitence, when Jews examine their souls and take stock of their actions. On the tenth day is Yom Kippur, the Day of Atonement. The tradition is that on Rosh HaShanah, G-d sits in judgment on humanity. Then the fate of every living creature is inscribed in the Book of Life or the Book of Death. Prayer and repentance before the sealing of the books on Yom Kippurmay revoke these decisions.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/166907/file/303640#t=332.0,381.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/166907/file/303640/annotation_set/2354/annotation/184","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eHanukkah or Chanukah [Hebrew: dedication] is an eight-day festival of lights usually falling around Christmas on the Christian calendar. Hanukkah celebrates the victory of the Maccabees in 165 BCE over the Seleucid rulers of Palestine, who had desecrated the Temple. The Maccabees wanted to re-dedicate the Temple altar to Jewish worship by rekindling the menorah (ritual candelabra) but could only find one small jar of ritually pure olive oil. This oil continued to burn miraculously for eight days, enabling them to prepare new oil. The Hanukkah menorah, or hanukiah, with its nine branches, is used to commemorate this miracle by lighting eight candles, one for each day, with the ninth candle.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/166907/file/303640#t=332.0,381.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/166907/file/303640/annotation_set/2354/annotation/185","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eSukkot\u003cbr\u003e is one of the harvest festivals of Judaism. It is seven days long and comes after the ingathering of the yearly harvest. It celebrates G-d’s bounty in nature and G-d’s protection, symbolized by the fragile booths in which the Israelites dwelt in the wilderness. During Sukkot, Jews eat and live in such booths, which gives the festival its name and character.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/166907/file/303640#t=332.0,381.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/166907/file/303640/annotation_set/2354/annotation/186","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe communist government that came to power in the 1917 Russian Revolution followed an unofficial policy of state atheism. Officially, it did not outlaw religion in the Soviet Union. However, religion was seen as a threat to the socialist state and, especially after Joseph Stalin came to power, it began making efforts to eliminate religious institutions. Atheism was propagated in schools, religious institutions had their property confiscated, and believers were harassed. During the Great Purge of the 1930s, religious leaders were among the hundreds of thousands of people jailed and executed as political enemies. While the Russian Revolution had replaced the centuries-old official antisemitism of the Tzars, deeply ingrained antisemitic attitudes made Jews suspects of potential opposition. Communist ideology asked Jews to assimilate and not to identify as anything but loyal to the state.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/166907/file/303640#t=332.0,381.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/166907/file/303640/annotation_set/2354/annotation/187","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe Jewish Quarter was a historic neighborhood located in the central part of Grozny. The first Jews moved to the neighborhood in the second half of the 19th century. At one point, it had two synagogues, but both were closed by the Soviets. In 1970, around 10,000 Jews lived there, but most had emigrated by the 1990s. The neighborhood was heavily damaged during the First Chechen War.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/166907/file/303640#t=414.0,444.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/166907/file/303640/annotation_set/2354/annotation/188","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe Caucasian Mineral Waters is a group of spa resorts in Southern Russia that is surrounded by the Caucasus mountains and numerous lakes with therapeutic muds and mineral springs. \u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/166907/file/303640#t=579.0,623.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/166907/file/303640/annotation_set/2354/annotation/189","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003ePyatigorsk is a city in southern Russia. Located in Russia's Caucasus region, it is a premier spa city famous for over 40 diverse mineral springs.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/166907/file/303640#t=579.0,623.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/166907/file/303640/annotation_set/2354/annotation/190","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe Union of Soviet Socialist Republic/USSR was a transcontinental country that spanned much of Eurasia from 1922 to 1991. It was made up of fifteen national republics. It was a communist state with the capital in Moscow. The nation had it foundation in the October Revolution of 1917, when the Bolsheviks established the Russian Soviet Republic. In 1922, the Bolsheviks and Vladmir Lenin proved victorious in the Russian Civil War and formed the Soviet Union. After Lenin’s death in 1924, Joseph Stalin came to power. Under his rule the country saw rapid industrialization and forced collectivization, which resulted in economic growth but also famine that killed millions. Stalin also conducted the Great Purge, which removed actual and perceived opponents. After the World War II, the Cold War began with the Eastern Bloc of the Soviet Union confronting the Western Bloc, which was led by the United States and eventually NATO. In the late 1980s, the Soviet Union’s last leader Mikhail Gorbachev sought to implement various reforms. Additionally various Soviet satellite countries overthrew their Marxist-Leninist regimes. By 1991, a coup attempt against Gorbachev failed and the Soviet Union collapsed with various republics of the Soviet Union remerging as independent nations.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/166907/file/303640#t=707.0,708.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/166907/file/303640/annotation_set/2354/annotation/191","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe Hebrew Immigrant Aid Society (HIAS) is a Jewish American non-profit that aids refugees. Founded in 1881, its original purpose was the help the flow of Jewish immigrants from Russia in relocating. During and after World War II, they had offices throughout Europe, South and Central America and the Far East. They worked to get Jews out of Europe and to any country that would have them by providing tickets and information about visas. After World War II, they assisted 167,000 Jews to leave DP camps and emigrate elsewhere. In 1975, the US State Department asked the organization to assist the incoming Vietnam refugees. Today, the organization continues to provide support to refugees and immigrates of all nationalities, ethnicities, and religions. The organization also works with people whose lives and freedom are believed to be at risk due to war, persecution, or violence. HIAS has offices in the United States and across Latin America, Europe, Africa, and the Middle East. Since its inception, HIAS has helped resettle more than 4.5 million people.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/166907/file/303640#t=1097.0,1130.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/166907/file/303640/annotation_set/2354/annotation/192","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eAn Affidavit of Support is a contract signed by an individual agreeing to use their financial resources to help support an individual intending to immigrate to the United States. The individual who signs the affidavit of support becomes the sponsor of the intending immigrate until they become a U.S. citizen or is credited with 40 quarters of work.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/166907/file/303640#t=1194.0,1194.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/166907/file/303640/annotation_set/2354/annotation/193","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eA Jewish Federation (often known as the \"Federation\" or the \"Fed\") is the secular primary Jewish nonprofit organization found within most metropolitan areas (or sometimes states) in North America that host a substantial Jewish community. The national umbrella organization for the federations is the Jewish Federations of North America. The Jewish Federation of Greater Atlanta was formally incorporated in 1967 as a merger of three precursor organizations: the Atlanta Federation for Jewish Social Service (founded in 1905), the Atlanta Jewish Welfare Fund (founded in 1936), and the Atlanta Jewish Community Council (founded in 1945). It is a regional branch of the Jewish Federations of North America (JFNA). The Jewish Federation of Greater Atlanta raises funds, which are dispersed throughout the Jewish community. Services also include caring for Jews in need locally and around the world, community outreach, leadership development, and educational opportunities.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/166907/file/303640#t=1194.0,1201.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/166907/file/303640/annotation_set/2354/annotation/194","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eJewish Family Services of Atlanta was an organization that began its life in 1890 as the Montefiore Relief Association. Its name and focus changed multiple times. It became a constituent agency of the Jewish Federation of Atlanta. In 1982 Jewish Family Services incorporated as a separate organization, although it continued to maintain its affiliation with the Federation. It operated the Jewish Family and Children’s Bureau and the Ben Massell Dental Clinic. Jewish Family Services merged with Jewish Vocational Services in 1997 to become Jewish Family and Career Services.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/166907/file/303640#t=1274.0,1280.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/166907/file/303640/annotation_set/2354/annotation/195","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eCub Foods is a Minnesota-based grocery chain with over 100 locations, primarily serving Minnesota and Illinois. While they once existed in other areas across the country, all Georgia locations closed in the early 2000s.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/166907/file/303640#t=1425.0,1568.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/166907/file/303640/annotation_set/2354/annotation/196","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eVladimir Vladimirovich Putin (b. 1952) is a former KGB agent and has been the President of Russia since 2012. Putin served as prime minister from 1999 to 2000, as President from 2000 to 2008, and again as Prime Minister from 2008 to 2012. Under his leadership as President from 2000 to 2008, Russia was enjoying significant oil and gas income from skyrocketing energy prices and had amassed hard currency reserves estimated to be as high as $600 billion. He returned to the presidency in 2012 in an election marked by allegations of fraud and protests. Since his time in office, Russia has been transformed into an authoritarian dictatorship. He was reelected in 2018 and 2024. In April 2021, after a referendum, he signed a constitutional amendment that allowed him to run for reelection twice more. In February 2022, Putin launched an invasion of Ukraine, which prompted international condemnation and led to various sanctions again the country. As of 2026, the war with Ukraine continues with efforts towards a cease fire struggling to gain traction.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/166907/file/303640#t=1669.0,1752.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/166907/file/303640/annotation_set/2354/annotation/197","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eSusan Soper is an American journalist and the founder of ObitKit. She has written for CNN, Atlanta INTown, and the Atlanta Journal-Constitution.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/166907/file/303640#t=1792.0,1927.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/166907/file/303640/annotation_set/2354/annotation/198","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eShabbat\u003cbr\u003e (Hebrew) or Shabbos/Shabbes (Yiddish) is the Jewish Sabbath and is observed on Saturdays. Shabbat observance entails refraining from work activities and engaging in restful activities to honor the day. Shabbat begins at sundown on Friday night and is ushered in by lighting candles and reciting a blessing. It is closed the following evening with the recitation of the havdalah blessing.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/166907/file/303640#t=1792.0,1927.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/166907/file/303640/annotation_set/2354/annotation/199","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eChabad House is a Jewish student organization that can be found on various college campus across the United States. They offer a place for Jewish students regardless of background, observance, or affiliation to gather. Chabad House offers students a place to socialize, get involved with various Jewish activities, and get support.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/166907/file/303640#t=2173.0,2175.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/166907/file/303640/annotation_set/2354/annotation/200","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eCongregation Beth Tefillah is an Orthodox synagogue in Sandy Springs, Georgia, affiliated with the Chabad-Lubavitch movement. As of 2022, its current senior rabbi is Yossi New, who is also the founder of the congregation.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/166907/file/303640#t=2173.0,2175.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/166907/file/303640/annotation_set/2354/annotation/201","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eRabbi Yossi New (b. 1958) was born and raised in Melbourne, Australia, moving to New York and eventually Atlanta, Georgia in 1984. He studied at Keren B'Yavneh Yeshiva in Israel and the Rabbinical College of Canada in Montreal. He was ordained in 1981 at Central Lubavitch Yeshiva in Brooklyn, New York. He is the rabbi at Congregation Beth Tefillah and serves as the Director of Chabad of Georgia.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/166907/file/303640#t=2175.0,2178.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/166907/file/303640/annotation_set/2354/annotation/202","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe Western Wall, or Kotel, is in the Old City of Jerusalem at the foot of the western side of the Temple Mount. It is the remnant of the ancient wall that surrounded the Jewish Temple’s courtyard and is arguably the most sacred sit recognized by the Jewish faith outside of the Temple Mount itself. It has been a site for Jewish prayer and pilgrimage for centuries, the earliest mention being in the fourth century. The wall is also commonly referred to as the Wailing Wall because of the centuries-long Jewish tradition of mourning the destruction of the Temple there. Millions of visitors yearly place written prayers into the crevices of the limestone, a tradition stemming from the belief that the Divine Presence rests upon the wall. These notes are collected twice a year and buried on the Mount of Olives.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/166907/file/303640#t=2178.0,2368.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/166907/file/303640/annotation_set/2354/annotation/203","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eFounded in Atlanta in 1953, the Katherine and Jacob Greenfield Hebrew Academy (GHA), originally known as The Hebrew Academy, was the first Jewish day school in the country to be accredited by the Southern Association of Colleges and Schools. In 2014, GHA (grades pre-K through 8) merged with Yeshiva Atlanta high school to become what is now Atlanta Jewish Academy.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/166907/file/303640#t=2407.0,2432.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/166907/file/303640/annotation_set/2354/annotation/204","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eCongregation Or VeShalom was established in Atlanta, Georgia by refugees of the Ottoman Empire, namely from Turkey and the Isle of Rhodes. The Sephardic congregation began in 1920 and was based at Central and Woodward Avenues until 1948 when it moved to a larger building on North Highland Road. Or VeShalom’s current synagogue is located on North Druid Hills Road. As of 2022, the congregation’s rabbi is Josh Hearshen.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/166907/file/303640#t=2814.0,2848.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/166907/file/303640/annotation_set/2354/annotation/205","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe dreidel is a four-sided spinning top that children play with on Hanukkah. Each side is imprinted with a Hebrew letter. These letters are an acronym for the Hebrew words “A great miracle happened there” referring to the miracle of the oil that lasted eight days.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/166907/file/303640#t=2854.0,2942.0"}]}]}]}