{"@context":"http://iiif.io/api/presentation/3/context.json","id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/iiif/4m91834k6z/manifest","type":"Manifest","label":{"en":["Davidson, Abe"]},"logo":"https://d9jk7wjtjpu5g.cloudfront.net/organizations/logo_images/000/000/082/original/TheBreman_SecondaryMark_Horizontal_Blue_Black.png?1713640889","metadata":[{"label":{"en":["Date"]},"value":{"en":["2007-05-08 (creation)"]}},{"label":{"en":["Format"]},"value":{"en":["Video"]}},{"label":{"en":["Source"]},"value":{"en":["William Breman Jewish Heritage Museum","Esther and Herbert Taylor Oral History Collection","Jewish Oral History Project of Atlanta"]}},{"label":{"en":["Description"]},"value":{"en":["\u003cp\u003eAbe Davidson was interviewed by Sandra Berman on May 8, 2007 in Macon, Georgia.\u003c/p\u003e (general)","\u003cp\u003eAbe starts off the interview by discussing his family history and how the Davidson family ended up living in Cochran, Georgia. Abe discusses his father’s history, and how he and his uncle immigrated to the United States from Poland. Abe discusses several aspects of his father’s history at the start of the interview, including how his father and uncle immigrated to the United States from Poland, peddling merchandise in small Georgia towns, getting drafted during World War I, and marrying his mother. Abe also discusses his parent’s marriage and his mother’s battle with health problems after they have six children together.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e            During the interview, Abe recalls his time working in his father’s dry goods store. Abe took over the store when his father passed away, and recounts his experience with expanding the store and the customers who frequented his store over the years.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e            Abe tells the interviewer about his arranged marriage with his wife, Ida Radetsky Davidson. He mentions that they were set up on a blind date and the rest is history. Abe discusses the family he shared with Ida, including their three children, Shelley, Julius, and Aaron. He also recalls the family’s involvement with Congregation Shearith Israel and the social activities they participated in.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e            Abe and the interviewer discuss the Civil Rights Era and integration in Cochran, Georgia, as well as in other small cities in Georgia. Abe mentions that integration was rather peaceful in Cochran, though the same is not necessarily true for larger cities like Macon, Georgia. They also talk about how Cochran has changed and developed over the years.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e            The interview shifts from discussing small-town life in Cochran to a larger scale when Abe discusses being drafted to serve in World War II and about how his European family faired during the Holocaust. Abe was drafted toward the end of World War II, and served in a few bases around the United States. The Davidson family had some family still living in Poland when World War II broke out, but he recalls that some managed to migrate to Israel and were still alive at the time of the interview.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e            Abe also spends some time during the interview discussing the lives and careers of all his siblings as well as his children. Abe closes the interview by wrapping up the discussion about his children and commenting on the wonders of small-town life.\u003c/p\u003e (scope content)"]}},{"label":{"en":["Source Metadata URI"]},"value":{"en":["https://archivesspace.thebreman.org/repositories/2/archival_objects/28409"]}},{"label":{"en":["Rights Statement"]},"value":{"en":["\u003cp\u003eAll rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, recorded by any information storage and retrieval system, without the express written consent of the William Breman Jewish Heritage Museum.\u003c/p\u003e"]}},{"label":{"en":["Subject"]},"value":{"en":["Abe Davidson (personal name)","Julius Davidson (personal name)","Ida Fixel Davidson (personal name)","Goldie Davidson Bailey (personal name)","Fannie Davidson Garber (personal name)","David Davidson (personal name)","Shirley Davidson (personal name)","Lillian Davidson Gala (personal name)","Sophie Jay Davidson (personal name)","Nathan Joseph Davidson (personal name)","Molly Fixel Kaplan (personal name)","Jacob Kaplan (personal name)","Ida Radetsky Davidson (personal name)","Shelley Davidson (personal name)","Julius Davidson (personal name)","Aaron Davidson (personal name)","Congregation Shearith Israel (corporate name)","Davidson's Dry Goods Company (corporate name)","Garber's Grocery Store (corporate name)","Boy Scouts of America (corporate name)","Bialystok, Poland (geographic term)","Atlanta, Georgia (geographic term)","Cochran, Georgia (geographic term)","Macon, Georgia (geographic term)","Savannah, Georgia (geographic term)","Warner Robins, Georgia (geographic term)","Wrightsville, Georgia (geographic term)","Dayton, Ohio (geographic term)","New York, United States of America (geographic term)","Georgia, United States of America (geographic term)","North Carolina, United States of America (geographic term)","Ohio, United States of America (geographic term)","Camp Blanding Joint Training Center (geographic term)","Camp Wheeler (geographic term)","Fort Winfield Scott (geographic term)","Israel (geographic term)","World War I (topical term)","World War II (topical term)","Military Draft (topical term)","United States Army Signal Corps (topical term)","Civil Rights Era (topical term)","Integration (topical term)","Holocaust (topical term)","Jews of Europe (topical term)","Affidavit of Support and Sponsorship (topical term)","Passover (topical term)"]}}],"summary":{"en":["\u003cp\u003eAbe Davidson was interviewed by Sandra Berman on May 8, 2007 in Macon, Georgia.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eAbe starts off the interview by discussing his family history and how the Davidson family ended up living in Cochran, Georgia. Abe discusses his father’s history, and how he and his uncle immigrated to the United States from Poland. Abe discusses several aspects of his father’s history at the start of the interview, including how his father and uncle immigrated to the United States from Poland, peddling merchandise in small Georgia towns, getting drafted during World War I, and marrying his mother. Abe also discusses his parent’s marriage and his mother’s battle with health problems after they have six children together.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e            During the interview, Abe recalls his time working in his father’s dry goods store. Abe took over the store when his father passed away, and recounts his experience with expanding the store and the customers who frequented his store over the years.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e            Abe tells the interviewer about his arranged marriage with his wife, Ida Radetsky Davidson. He mentions that they were set up on a blind date and the rest is history. Abe discusses the family he shared with Ida, including their three children, Shelley, Julius, and Aaron. He also recalls the family’s involvement with Congregation Shearith Israel and the social activities they participated in.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e            Abe and the interviewer discuss the Civil Rights Era and integration in Cochran, Georgia, as well as in other small cities in Georgia. Abe mentions that integration was rather peaceful in Cochran, though the same is not necessarily true for larger cities like Macon, Georgia. They also talk about how Cochran has changed and developed over the years.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e            The interview shifts from discussing small-town life in Cochran to a larger scale when Abe discusses being drafted to serve in World War II and about how his European family faired during the Holocaust. Abe was drafted toward the end of World War II, and served in a few bases around the United States. The Davidson family had some family still living in Poland when World War II broke out, but he recalls that some managed to migrate to Israel and were still alive at the time of the interview.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e            Abe also spends some time during the interview discussing the lives and careers of all his siblings as well as his children. Abe closes the interview by wrapping up the discussion about his children and commenting on the wonders of small-town life.\u003c/p\u003e"]},"requiredStatement":{"label":{"en":["Attribution"]},"value":{"en":["\u003cp\u003eAll rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, recorded by any information storage and retrieval system, without the express written consent of the William Breman Jewish Heritage Museum.\u003c/p\u003e"]}},"provider":[{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/aboutus","type":"Agent","label":{"en":["William Breman Jewish Heritage Museum"]},"homepage":[{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/","type":"Text","label":{"en":["William Breman Jewish Heritage Museum"]},"format":"text/html"}],"logo":[{"id":"https://d9jk7wjtjpu5g.cloudfront.net/organizations/logo_images/000/000/082/original/TheBreman_SecondaryMark_Horizontal_Blue_Black.png?1713640889","type":"Image"}]}],"thumbnail":[{"id":"https://d9jk7wjtjpu5g.cloudfront.net/collection_resource_files/thumbnails/000/111/526/small/Davidson_Abe.mp4_1618665577.jpg?1618651178","type":"Image","format":"image/jpeg"}],"items":[{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39902/file/111526","type":"Canvas","label":{"en":["Media File 1 of 1 - Davidson_Abe.mp4"]},"duration":2580.845,"width":640,"height":360,"thumbnail":[{"id":"https://d9jk7wjtjpu5g.cloudfront.net/collection_resource_files/thumbnails/000/111/526/small/Davidson_Abe.mp4_1618665577.jpg?1618651178","type":"Image","format":"image/jpeg"}],"items":[{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39902/file/111526/content/1","type":"AnnotationPage","items":[{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39902/file/111526/content/1/annotation/1","type":"Annotation","motivation":"painting","body":{"id":"https://aviary-p-thebreman.s3.wasabisys.com/collection_resource_files/resource_files/000/111/526/original/Davidson_Abe.mp4?1618651175","type":"Video","format":"video/mp4","duration":2580.845,"width":640,"height":360},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39902/file/111526","metadata":[]}]}],"annotations":[{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39902/file/111526/transcript/24828","type":"AnnotationPage","label":{"en":["Davidson, Abe [Transcript]"]},"items":[{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39902/file/111526/transcript/24828/annotation/1","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"BERMAN: Today is May 8, 2007, and I am with Abe Davidson in Macon, Georgia.\nHe has agreed to do an interview for the Esther and Herbert Taylor Oral History\nCollection of the Ida Pearle and Joseph Cuba Community Archives of the Breman\nMuseum. Thank you so much for agreeing to do this interview. We're very pleased\nto be here. I'd like to begin by asking you a little bit about your family\nbackground. How did your family end up in Georgia, and then ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39902/file/111526#t=0.0,30.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39902/file/111526/transcript/24828/annotation/2","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Cochran, Georgia?\n\nDAVIDSON: My father came originally from Poland.\n\nBERMAN: And your father's name? I just . . .\n\nDAVIDSON: Julius Davidson.\n\nBERMAN: Thank you.\n\nDAVIDSON: He was one of four children. His father died when he was very young.\nHe became a baker by trade. He had one brother named Joseph Nathan who was a\nyear or two older than he was, and he had two sisters that were younger. His\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39902/file/111526#t=30.0,60.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39902/file/111526/transcript/24828/annotation/3","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"mother didn't get along too well with his father's side of the family. They had\na lot of problems, so the only person that he got along, had family was his\ngrandmother on his mother's side. I think he must have lived with them because\nshe looked after him a lot when his mother was working. When he was in his late\nteens he was a baker by trade and did fairly well, ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39902/file/111526#t=60.0,90.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39902/file/111526/transcript/24828/annotation/4","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"but he was afraid he might\nget drafted into the army.\n\nBERMAN: This was where?\n\nDAVIDSON: In Russia. Actually it was, it was Poland, but it was part of Russia-\n\nBERMAN: Do you know what city?\n\nDAVIDSON: -at that time. It was a little small town about 40 miles from\nBialystok [Poland] and he . . . him and his brother both decided they wanted to\ncome to [the United States of] America. First his brother came and his ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39902/file/111526#t=90.0,120.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39902/file/111526/transcript/24828/annotation/5","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"brother,\ninstead of going to New York like most of the people from that part of the\ncountry went, he went in through Galveston, Texas. At that time there was some\nless restrictions to get in. I guess you've heard that.\n\nBERMAN: Yes.\n\nDAVIDSON: He gradually worked his way east. He settled in Macon. He was working\nas a peddler.\n\nBERMAN: His name?\n\nDAVIDSON: ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39902/file/111526#t=120.0,150.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39902/file/111526/transcript/24828/annotation/6","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Joseph Nathan Davidson. At that time, they had some name that was\nassigned to them by the Russian government, but when he came to this country he\ncalled himself Davidson because in Europe they always referred to him as\n[unintelligible: 2.44, possibly 'Nathan'] son of David, so he became Davidson.\nWhen my father came back, that must've been sometime between 1900 and ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39902/file/111526#t=150.0,180.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39902/file/111526/transcript/24828/annotation/7","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"probably\nsomewhere in the very late single digits. He was probably between 1907 and 1910.\nMy father came in 1913 and he came to New York. He corresponded with his brother\nand his brother advised him to come to Georgia. He came down here and settled\nhere in Macon. At that time, he was working as a peddler going from house to\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39902/file/111526#t=180.0,210.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39902/file/111526/transcript/24828/annotation/8","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"house. They weren't doing too well. At that time there were a lot of young\nJewish boys that were trying to make a living as peddlers, and neither one of\nthem knew the language too well. They decided they would go to the smaller\ntowns. My father went, took his stuff with him and went down to . . . I think\nthe first ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39902/file/111526#t=210.0,240.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39902/file/111526/transcript/24828/annotation/9","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"town he came to was Cochran and then he later went to . . . he spent a\nday or two there and then he'd go to East McRae [Georgia]. He'd go to town to\ntown. He'd sell his merchandise on credit and he'd go back and collect the\nmoney. Supposedly get all of it, anyway. He got to Macon around 1914. Between\nthe time that he started traveling in small ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39902/file/111526#t=240.0,270.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39902/file/111526/transcript/24828/annotation/10","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"towns he saved up enough money and\nhe started a business in Wrightsville, Georgia, which is a small town about 50\nmiles from Macon. He put his brother in there with a relative. That Jacob Kaplan\npicture I showed you, brother-in-law. That was the two of them in business in\nWrightsville. He continued to travel as a ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39902/file/111526#t=270.0,300.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39902/file/111526/transcript/24828/annotation/11","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"peddler. He saved up enough and he\nopened up a store in McRae. He was doing fairly well. He got drafted and went\noff to service in World War I. He was in service about a year and a half, two\nyears and he came back. He got discharged in New York. He got him a job at a\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39902/file/111526#t=300.0,330.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39902/file/111526/transcript/24828/annotation/12","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"delicatessen, that's a place that served meals, and he didn't like that kind of\nwork. He was corresponding with his brother who had moved from Wrightsville over\nto North Carolina, so he moved down to North Carolina and opened up a business\nthere. He was in North Carolina I guess, must've been there ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39902/file/111526#t=330.0,360.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39902/file/111526/transcript/24828/annotation/13","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"about several years\nprobably. He left New York probably around 1921 or 192- must've been around 1920\nor 1921. In the meantime, he got married. He married my mother, Ida. She was Ida Fixel.\n\nBERMAN: F-I- how do you spell that?\n\nDAVIDSON: F-I-X-E-L. She was a sister to woman who had married Jacob Kaplan.\n\nBERMAN: Can you spell that last name too?\n\nDAVIDSON: ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39902/file/111526#t=360.0,390.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39902/file/111526/transcript/24828/annotation/14","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Kaplan.\n\nBERMAN: Oh, Kaplan.\n\nDAVIDSON: K-A-P-L-A-N. Her name was Molly and my mother's name was Ida. They\ncame from Bialystok. Molly had come earlier and married Mr. Kaplan. That was an\narranged marriage also. They . . . he was in North Carolina and ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39902/file/111526#t=390.0,420.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39902/file/111526/transcript/24828/annotation/15","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"he thought about\nGeorgia because he had always enjoyed living in Georgia. He decided to come down\nand investigate the possibility of opening a business in Georgia. He went to,\nthrough Cochran and was visiting some of his friends there. His friend was a\nfella named Augustine. Mr. Augustine talked him into buying his business. He had\na retail dry good ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39902/file/111526#t=420.0,450.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39902/file/111526/transcript/24828/annotation/16","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"store. He bought his business and moved his family down. He\nhad a real hard time getting it started because Mr. Augustine had cheated him\nout of his money. Gone in there and they had looked at the inventory, agreed on\na price, and Mr. Augustine took all of the good merchandise and sold it out and\nfilled it up with junk. So he got his ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39902/file/111526#t=450.0,480.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39902/file/111526/transcript/24828/annotation/17","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"first, that wasn't his first lesson in\nbeing cheated, but he . . . anyway, he worked real hard and he was always made a\ngood living. He never did get rich.\n\nBERMAN: Where was his brother during this time?\n\nDAVIDSON: His brother was still living in North Carolina. But his brother got\nkilled in an accident.\n\nBERMAN: Oh, tragic.\n\nDAVIDSON: He was trying to fix a light fixture and he got ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39902/file/111526#t=480.0,510.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39902/file/111526/transcript/24828/annotation/18","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"electrocuted. He was,\nmatter of fact that was the year before I was born. My name is for him. He . . .\n\nBERMAN: Your parents, it was an arranged marriage also?\n\nDAVIDSON: It was an arranged marriage. They were pretty happy together, but I\nthink they didn't know too much about birth control, or at least they knew about\nit and they didn't practice ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39902/file/111526#t=510.0,540.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39902/file/111526/transcript/24828/annotation/19","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"it. They had six children in all real quick.\n\nBERMAN: Who are your siblings?\n\nDAVIDSON: I have -- my oldest sister was Goldie. She's passed away now. Then the\nsecond one was Fannie and she lives in Atlanta [Georgia]. The next one was my\nbrother David and then I was born. Then I had one sister named Shirley. She was\nborn 1930 and then Lillian was born in 1932. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39902/file/111526#t=540.0,570.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39902/file/111526/transcript/24828/annotation/20","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"We were all . . . the oldest was\nborn in 1922, so we [were] all born there in a period of 10 years. It was six of\nus. I understand she had one miscarriage. She [his mother] unfortunately was,\nhad developed some health problems and the doctor couldn't figure out what was\nwrong with her. They finally figured out she had an internal ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39902/file/111526#t=570.0,600.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39902/file/111526/transcript/24828/annotation/21","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"goiter. Most of the\ngoiters at that time grew out, they could spot it. This one grew internally.\nThey finally took to a doctor and removed it, but she had all kinds of health\nproblems after that. She had mental problems because why some of the medicine\nthey gave her affected her. She [his mother] died in 1939, ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39902/file/111526#t=600.0,630.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39902/file/111526/transcript/24828/annotation/22","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"1938 I believe it\nwas. She was only, she was born in 1900.\n\nBERMAN: Oh, that's young.\n\nDAVIDSON: She . . . anything else you want?\n\nBERMAN: Oh yes. I'm just getting rolling here. The business -- the store, it was\ncalled Davidson's?\n\nDAVIDSON: David -- called it Davidson's Dry Goods Company.\n\nBERMAN: How did it change over the years?\n\nDAVIDSON: When he [his father] first ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39902/file/111526#t=630.0,660.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39902/file/111526/transcript/24828/annotation/23","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"opened, first took it over, it was 26 feet\nwide and 100 feet deep. He always wanted to enlarge it but the property next to\nhim never was available. When I took over, I was able to enlarge it and before\nwe got through with it, it was about three times that size. Wasn't it sugar?\nThen . . .\n\nBERMAN: What year did you take over?\n\nDAVIDSON: When he [his father] died in ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39902/file/111526#t=660.0,690.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39902/file/111526/transcript/24828/annotation/24","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"1952. I didn't do much of the expanding.\nWas it expanded when you were born?\n\nUNKNOWN: No.\n\nDAVIDSON: After y'all were born.\n\nUNKNOWN: After you bought out.\n\nDAVIDSON: After, that's right. I bought the rest of the family after I got\nmarried. Prior to that time, we - it was owned by me and the rest of the family.\n\nBERMAN: Do you have any great stories about the store? Can you think of any\nfavorite ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39902/file/111526#t=690.0,720.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39902/file/111526/transcript/24828/annotation/25","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"customers that you may have had? Or . . .\n\nDAVIDSON: Oh, we had a lot, a lot of customers that were very loyal. We did some\nbusiness on credit. We had some of them that paid real good and some didn't pay\nso good. We'd go out chasing them sometimes. But . . .\n\nBERMAN: What about the sales staff? Were they the same over . . .\n\nDAVIDSON: Over the years we had quite a few changes. We started in ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39902/file/111526#t=720.0,750.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39902/file/111526/transcript/24828/annotation/26","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"1926 and I\ndidn't close it up until 1993, so. There was quite a few changes. I had one\nwoman named Ruth Marsh, she worked for me about close to 20 years, wasn't it?\n\nUNKNOWN: More than 20 years, because she worked for you before I was born. She\nwas still working for you when Jack and I got married. So that was more than ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39902/file/111526#t=750.0,780.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39902/file/111526/transcript/24828/annotation/27","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"35 years.\n\nBERMAN: If I could just . . .\n\nDAVIDSON: Go ahead.\n\nBERMAN: Was there any customer that just you remember so clearly? Like a great\ncustomer that every time, they came in regularly and you had a great\nrelationship with?\n\nDAVIDSON: I can't think of anybody particular right now. I had a lot of\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39902/file/111526#t=780.0,810.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39902/file/111526/transcript/24828/annotation/28","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"different sales clerks that worked for me. One of them was named Julian Hasbel\nand he later became a lay preacher. He also was, became a competitor. He first\nwent to work for one of my competitors and then he opened up his own business.\nBut we always remained good friends.\n\nBERMAN: What about the farming community? Did they come in every weekend or . . .?\n\nDAVIDSON: Yes, on the weekends they would come in and at first ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39902/file/111526#t=810.0,840.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39902/file/111526/transcript/24828/annotation/29","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"a lot of them\nwould come in in the little, I guess you call them Model T's, that type of car.\nA lot of them would come in on wagons and park back of this big grocery store\nacross the street. They would park in the vacant lot behind them. Then in later\nyears, Saturday became less ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39902/file/111526#t=840.0,870.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39902/file/111526/transcript/24828/annotation/30","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"important. In the earlier days, we would do at least\n50 percent of the week's business on Saturday, and the store hours were a lot\nlonger. As we got, I guess more civilized, we cut down on the hours and we'd\nclose earlier. But it was always the practice to close during the middle of the\nweek. Part of the time we closed in the afternoons on Thursdays and ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39902/file/111526#t=870.0,900.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39902/file/111526/transcript/24828/annotation/31","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"later we\nclosed it to Wednesday, to get it more to the middle of the week. I guess\nmust've been around either in the late 1950's or the early 1960's, they started\nclosing all day on Wednesday. We would be closed on Wednesday all day and be\nopen on other days. Then we had a shirt factory there that was the ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39902/file/111526#t=900.0,930.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39902/file/111526/transcript/24828/annotation/32","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"biggest\nemployer for a long time. Besides the farming, they had a lot of other\nindustries. They had the saw mills that hired a lot of workers. In later years,\nLithonia Lighting opened up a big plant there and manufactured light fixtures.\n\nBERMAN: Is it still there? Lithonia?\n\nDAVIDSON: Yes, Lithonia's still there. The L \u0026 H Shirt Company went out of\nbusiness. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39902/file/111526#t=930.0,960.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39902/file/111526/transcript/24828/annotation/33","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"They got too much competition from overseas and they finally had to\nclose up.\n\nBERMAN: When did you marry and who did you marry?\n\nDAVIDSON: I got married 1957, 1956.\n\nBERMAN: Who was your . . .?\n\nDAVIDSON: Ida Radetsky, from Savannah [Georgia].\n\nBERMAN: How do you spell that last name?\n\nDAVIDSON: Shelley, spell it for her.\n\nUNKNOWN: R-A-D-E-T-S-K-Y.\n\nBERMAN: How did you meet Ida?\n\nDAVIDSON: It was arranged. Then we went . . . I went down and met ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39902/file/111526#t=960.0,990.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39902/file/111526/transcript/24828/annotation/34","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"her and we, I\nguess you'd say I went and courted her on the week -- on Sundays for about, I\nguess we started in the summer. We got engaged probably October or November and\ngot married in January.\n\nBERMAN: When you were growing up ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39902/file/111526#t=990.0,1020.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39902/file/111526/transcript/24828/annotation/35","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"or working in the store . . .\n\nDAVIDSON: Yes?\n\nBERMAN: Did you date anybody that was not Jewish or did you always know that you\nwould have an arranged marriage?\n\nDAVIDSON: No, I didn't know that but . . . I took a couple of girls to the\nsenior prom once as a junior and once as a senior, but I didn't have any serious\nromance with any girls.\n\nBERMAN: Did you know you wanted to marry ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39902/file/111526#t=1020.0,1050.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39902/file/111526/transcript/24828/annotation/36","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"someone Jewish?\n\nDAVIDSON: Yes. Yes I did.\n\nBERMAN: Was that for yourself or your parents?\n\nDAVIDSON: I guess for both? And . . .\n\nBERMAN: So you didn't mind having an arranged marriage?\n\nDAVIDSON: Not really.\n\nBERMAN: No? Who arranged it for you?\n\nDAVIDSON: They didn't arrange the marriage. They arranged me to meet her.\n\nBERMAN: Meet her. Okay.\n\nUNKNOWN: A blind date.\n\nDAVIDSON: Yes.\n\nBERMAN: A blind date.\n\nDAVIDSON: Yes, I had been on quite a few dates, blind dates, but that was the\nfirst one that ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39902/file/111526#t=1050.0,1080.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39902/file/111526/transcript/24828/annotation/37","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"kind of caught.\n\nBERMAN: Did she have a hard time leaving Savannah and moving to a small\ncommunity like Cochran?\n\nDAVIDSON: I don't know. If we'd been younger it probably would have but I was,\nwe were close to 30 when we did that. I guess when she was in her early 20's she\nprobably wouldn't have thought too much of it, but as she got older she realized\nthat chances of meeting a boy in Savannah was pretty slim. She'd either have to\nmove away or lower her ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39902/file/111526#t=1080.0,1110.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39902/file/111526/transcript/24828/annotation/38","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"standards.\n\nBERMAN: What was life like for a young Jewish family and their children in\nCochran, Georgia?\n\nDAVIDSON: We have a lot of friends that were non-Jewish. But we also had a\ncouple other Jewish families.\n\nBERMAN: Who were they?\n\nDAVIDSON: A couple named Mr. Joe Reed, Joseph Reed, his family. He had his wife\nand he had three children, two boys and a girl. A Mr. Herman Louis, he had ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39902/file/111526#t=1110.0,1140.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39902/file/111526/transcript/24828/annotation/39","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"his\nwife and two children, one boy and one girl. Mr. Reed eventually moved to\nSavannah after his wife passed away. He sold out his business. Matter of fact,\nhe had a business exactly next door to ours. Then Mr. Louis's store was just up\nstreet, not half a block away.\n\nBERMAN: What kind of business?\n\nDAVIDSON: They were all very similar businesses.\n\nBERMAN: Very similar.\n\nDAVIDSON: They were - they were friends ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39902/file/111526#t=1140.0,1170.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39902/file/111526/transcript/24828/annotation/40","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and competitors. We used to visit with\nthem quite a bit. Mr. Louis, we used to visit him more than Mr. Reed. He got\nalong better with Mr. Louis than he did with Mr. Reed. Mr. Reed had a tendency\nto mind his business, give a lot of free advice, which usually was pretty bad.\n\nBERMAN: How many children did you have?\n\nDAVIDSON: Three.\n\nBERMAN: Who --\n\nDAVIDSON: Shelley is my oldest. Then I ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39902/file/111526#t=1170.0,1200.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39902/file/111526/transcript/24828/annotation/41","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"have a son named Julius and a son named Aaron.\n\nBERMAN: How did you feel about raising them in this small community? Was it\ndifficult? Did they attend Sunday School?\n\nDAVIDSON: They came to Sunday School every Sunday when they were old enough.\nWhen they were old enough they came for Hebrew School afterwards.\n\nBERMAN: This was when they came into Macon?\n\nDAVIDSON: My wife drove them back and forth to Hebrew School. We all came\ntogether on ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39902/file/111526#t=1200.0,1230.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39902/file/111526/transcript/24828/annotation/42","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Sunday. We would kill time while they were in Sunday School and then\nwe would go out and eat together.\n\nBERMAN: How important was the synagogue in your life?\n\nDAVIDSON: It wasn't that important to me, but it was very important to my wife.\nShe came from a real religious family and that was one of the reasons why we --\n\nBERMAN: Just for the purpose of the interview, what was the synagogue?\n\nDAVIDSON: Congregation Shearith Israel.\n\nBERMAN: Was you wife active in the Sisterhood?\n\nDAVIDSON: They didn't have a ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39902/file/111526#t=1230.0,1260.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39902/file/111526/transcript/24828/annotation/43","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Sisterhood. She had a few friends she picked up\nwhen they, I guess we had social affairs at there at the synagogue. She didn't\nhave too many close friends in Macon. They were kind of cliquish. She can tell\nyou more about that than I can.\n\nBERMAN: They were cliquish? She had a hard time breaking into their little group?\n\nDAVIDSON: Yes. She had two or three women that were very nice. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39902/file/111526#t=1260.0,1290.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39902/file/111526/transcript/24828/annotation/44","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"But the majority\nof them weren't.\n\nBERMAN: Did other people from the smaller towns outside of Macon also come into\nMacon for worship?\n\nDAVIDSON: Yes. There were quite a few of them. A lot more came from Warner\nRobins [Georgia] than any other town since it was the largest town close by.\nThey . . . matter of fact I had a sister, Fannie that lives in Atlanta now. She\nlived in Warner Robins and her children used to come in for ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39902/file/111526#t=1290.0,1320.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39902/file/111526/transcript/24828/annotation/45","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Sunday School. They\nwere a little bit older than mine. Her youngest child is about three or four\nyears older than you? More than that, five years older than Shelley.\n\nBERMAN: Besides the synagogue, what else did you do for social life?\n\nDAVIDSON: Yes. We played, went to the ball games and then they had . . . I was\nreal active in the JayCees at that time. We had a lot ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39902/file/111526#t=1320.0,1350.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39902/file/111526/transcript/24828/annotation/46","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"of JayCee parties. They\nused to have them about three or four a year. Then had some other activities at\nthe college we used to go to. There's a two year school in Cochran, little\nGeorgia college. We used to be active in the . . . some of the teachers there on\ngood terms with family.\n\nBERMAN: Were there any clubs? Did you go into ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39902/file/111526#t=1350.0,1380.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39902/file/111526/transcript/24828/annotation/47","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Macon for anything like that?\n\nDAVIDSON: No, I don't remember anything.\n\nUNKNOWN: [unintelligible: 23.05]\n\nDAVIDSON: I didn't go to any affairs though.\n\nUNKNOWN: [unintelligible: 23.10]\n\nDAVIDSON: That was when they had the . . . what was that name, the . . . it\nwasn't the Shriners, it was the . . .\n\nUNKNOWN: The Mason's.\n\nDAVIDSON: ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39902/file/111526#t=1380.0,1410.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39902/file/111526/transcript/24828/annotation/48","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"No, it was the Eagles or somebody like that?\n\nBERMAN: The Optimists?\n\nDAVIDSON: No.\n\nBERMAN: We can come back to that.\n\nDAVIDSON: Okay.\n\nBERMAN: How would you describe your relationship with the non-Jewish families in Cochran?\n\nDAVIDSON: I got along real well with most of them. I had several real close\nfriends that were non-Jews. Before I got married and afterwards, we kept up the\nfriendship. We wasn't quite as . . . I didn't ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39902/file/111526#t=1410.0,1440.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39902/file/111526/transcript/24828/annotation/49","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"go out. I stayed at home with the\nfamily. But I always got along real good with them.\n\nBERMAN: Were there any incidents that were not pleasant for either yourself or\nyour children being Jewish in a small town?\n\nDAVIDSON: When I was real small we had a few instances where people call you\nnames but after I got up any size I never had any problem.\n\nBERMAN: What about for your children? Did they have any problems?\n\nDAVIDSON: If they had any they never said anything to me about it. Anybody ever\ngive y'all any trouble?\n\nUNKNOWN: Curiosity, ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39902/file/111526#t=1440.0,1470.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39902/file/111526/transcript/24828/annotation/50","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"not trouble. Later on like in Newnan [Georgia] and\nUniversity of Georgia [UGA] we had some serious problems, but not in Cochran.\n\nBERMAN: What about during the Civil Rights Era? How did that affect your store\nand the community of Cochran?\n\nDAVIDSON: I really don't know anything particular instances that happened, but ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39902/file/111526#t=1470.0,1500.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39902/file/111526/transcript/24828/annotation/51","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I\ndo know there was some hard feelings among a lot of, both the blacks and the\nwhites that --\n\nBERMAN: Was integration here a peaceful occurrence when it -- when the schools?\n\nDAVIDSON: It was relatively peaceful. I don't know of any particular bad\ninstances. Do you?\n\nUNKNOWN: They had more problems in Macon than they did in Cochran.\n\nDAVIDSON: Yes.\n\nBERMAN: So the schools just integrated . . .\n\nDAVIDSON: Integrated, yes.\n\nBERMAN: What about the restaurants and the . . .\n\nDAVIDSON: That was a little bit slower ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39902/file/111526#t=1500.0,1530.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39902/file/111526/transcript/24828/annotation/52","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"than the schools, but eventually it did.\n\nBERMAN: How did you feel personally about it all? Were you ready for\nintegration? Were you --\n\nDAVIDSON: I was brought up with everything was separated and we didn't think too\nmuch about it. It's a little more difficult, probably easier for the younger\nones than it was for the older ones. We heard a lot of nasty jokes and snide\nremarks that we wouldn't want to repeat.\n\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39902/file/111526#t=1530.0,1560.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39902/file/111526/transcript/24828/annotation/53","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"BERMAN: It must've been a difficult time for everybody.\n\nDAVIDSON: It was . . . I know that the shirt factory integrated pretty\npeacefully. Prior to the school integration, the shirt factory was all white.\nBut most of the large scale work ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39902/file/111526#t=1560.0,1590.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39902/file/111526/transcript/24828/annotation/54","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"they integrated it pretty good and the police\nhad, and the Sheriff's department had some integration too.\n\nBERMAN: Did you have any African American employees?\n\nDAVIDSON: I never did have . . . I never had a large staff. I never had more\nthan three people at one time.\n\nBERMAN: What about customers?\n\nDAVIDSON: They were all mixed. They had black and white both. We, after ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39902/file/111526#t=1590.0,1620.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39902/file/111526/transcript/24828/annotation/55","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"the\nVietnam War, we had refugees from Vietnam came over. We had a few of those\npeople as customers.\n\nBERMAN: How did you see the community of Cochran changing over the years from\nwhere it was when you, maybe in the mid-Thirties and Forties to how it is today?\n\nDAVIDSON: When I was real small, most of the streets were unpaved. Then they\nfinally paved most of the streets. The schools ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39902/file/111526#t=1620.0,1650.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39902/file/111526/transcript/24828/annotation/56","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"were enlarged and modernized and\nof course like I said, during the Civil Rights era, they did a lot more\nintegrating and the . . . even some of the housing became more integrated than\nit was prior to that.\n\nBERMAN: What's the community like today?\n\nDAVIDSON: I've ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39902/file/111526#t=1650.0,1680.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39902/file/111526/transcript/24828/annotation/57","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"been gone from there almost ten years. I only go back just to\nvisit once in a while. Unfortunately, when I go it usually is somebody's\nfuneral, somebody I knew well. I haven't been recently.\n\nBERMAN: Is it, is there still small businesses?\n\nDAVIDSON: There's still some small businesses there and the --\n\nBERMAN: Are they able to make it okay?\n\nDAVIDSON: They're still managing to make a living. Not as ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39902/file/111526#t=1680.0,1710.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39902/file/111526/transcript/24828/annotation/58","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"many in my type of\nbusiness, but the other type of businesses are there. Most of the --\n\nBERMAN: Any Jewish families left there at all?\n\nDAVIDSON: There's none that I know of. If there's any Jews living there, they're\nnot in business. They're in other things. Matter of fact when I sold my\nbusiness, I didn't sell the business, I rented it. Sold the building to a Korean\nand he runs a business there plus one, either in the Eastman [Georgia] or McRae.\nI'm not sure.\n\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39902/file/111526#t=1710.0,1740.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39902/file/111526/transcript/24828/annotation/59","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"BERMAN: Do you remember any kind of [Ku Klux] Klan [KKK] activity in Cochran?\n\nDAVIDSON: I never came in contact with any of it, but I'm sure that some of it\nwent on.\n\nBERMAN: What are some of your fondest memories of growing, of your life in a\nsmall town in Georgia?\n\nDAVIDSON: Most of it . . . when I was, ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39902/file/111526#t=1740.0,1770.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39902/file/111526/transcript/24828/annotation/60","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I guess must have been 12, I went to Boy\nScout Camp with a group of scouts from Cochran. I enjoyed that. That was a lot\nof fun. Then we went camping a couple of times just out in the woods for the\nweekend. That was a lot of fun. We used to go to all the basketball games. When\nI was in school, we only had basketball and track. I used to go to the games. I\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39902/file/111526#t=1770.0,1800.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39902/file/111526/transcript/24828/annotation/61","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"wasn't big enough to play until I got to be about a junior in High School and I\nwent out [tried out] for ball. I never did play any. I just sat on the bench.\n\nBERMAN: Your parents were both from Bialystok or near Bialystok?\n\nDAVIDSON: Yes.\n\nBERMAN: Then they lived in a small southern town?\n\nDAVIDSON: Yes.\n\nBERMAN: Did they combine some of their . . . your mother, did she have . . .\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39902/file/111526#t=1800.0,1830.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39902/file/111526/transcript/24828/annotation/62","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"cook a little Jewish Southern food?\n\nDAVIDSON: Yes, she did. She cooked just mostly just regular Jewish food. She\nmade a lot of Jewish food. My father was a better than average cook. He was a\nreal good baker. He'd make humintash and bread, challah, and he was a cook in\nthe army in World War ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39902/file/111526#t=1830.0,1860.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39902/file/111526/transcript/24828/annotation/63","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I.\n\nBERMAN: Did she make fried chicken and chicken soup?\n\nDAVIDSON: Yes. She actually died when I was about ten years old. She had been\noff sick for about the last two or three years so I don't remember an awful lot\nabout what she did.\n\nBERMAN: Can you describe a Passover meal? What was it like? Did you ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39902/file/111526#t=1860.0,1890.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39902/file/111526/transcript/24828/annotation/64","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"have a lot\nof relatives and . . .\n\nDAVIDSON: My wife used to put on a pretty good Passover and she would invite\nchildren from the college. I remember several years what she had two or three to\ncome and join the Passover. Then of course we had a Passover, my father used to\nalways conduct the Passover service even when we were ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39902/file/111526#t=1890.0,1920.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39902/file/111526/transcript/24828/annotation/65","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"small. After my mother\ndied, my father remarried and he had . . . she had two children, my stepmother\ndid. She prepared the Passover. It was pretty good. We would always try to\ninvite somebody if we could. If anybody was living close by or visiting, we\nwould invite them.\n\nBERMAN: How long after your mother died did your father remarry?\n\nDAVIDSON: About a year.\n\nBERMAN: A year. So ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39902/file/111526#t=1920.0,1950.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39902/file/111526/transcript/24828/annotation/66","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"he . . . do you think it was partially because he . . . did\nhe need help taking care of all these children?\n\nDAVIDSON: He thought he did.\n\nBERMAN: How did he meet . . .\n\nDAVIDSON: Somebody had recommended it to him.\n\nBERMAN: Where was she from?\n\nDAVIDSON: She was from Greensboro [Georgia].\n\nBERMAN: Her name?\n\nDAVIDSON: She was Sophie Jay. There's still some Jay's that live up in the, in\nCommerce [Georgia], that were related to her husband. I believe there was some\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39902/file/111526#t=1950.0,1980.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39902/file/111526/transcript/24828/annotation/67","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"in Buford [Georgia] too. Do you know them or heard of them?\n\nBERMAN: No, I don't think so.\n\nDAVIDSON: You've heard of them? Ferman and I went to school together for a short while.\n\nBERMAN: Your mother, I mean your stepmother than came into this family and there\nwere eight of you then.\n\nDAVIDSON: That's right, but actually only seven because her daughter was living\nin Atlanta at that time. She had finished business school and was ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39902/file/111526#t=1980.0,2010.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39902/file/111526/transcript/24828/annotation/68","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"working as a secretary.\n\nBERMAN: Was it difficult to make ends meet?\n\nDAVIDSON: We always made, always had plenty to eat and clothes to wear. We never\nwere spending money foolishly. If my father couldn't afford it, he wouldn't buy\nit. But we always had plenty of food.\n\nBERMAN: What did your siblings end up doing?\n\nDAVIDSON: I had . . . my brother, he became a research chemist and he went to\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39902/file/111526#t=2010.0,2040.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39902/file/111526/transcript/24828/annotation/69","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Ohio State and got his Ph.D. He married a girl from Dayton [Ohio] and he\nunfortunately had a heart attack and died when he was relatively young. Then I\nhave my oldest sister, Goldie. She lived in Atlanta and she married Herman\nBailey from Atlanta. They lived in Atlanta for a while. He ran a restaurant\nthere and then ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39902/file/111526#t=2040.0,2070.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39902/file/111526/transcript/24828/annotation/70","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"he sold it. He moved to Vidalia [Georgia] and opened up a store\nsimilar to ours. I had a sister named Fannie who now lives in Atlanta. She\nmarried a fella named Garber, Carl Garber. There are quite a few Garber's in Atlanta.\n\nBERMAN: Yes.\n\nDAVIDSON: You may know them.\n\nBERMAN: Al Garber.\n\nDAVIDSON: Not Al. It's just Sam and ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39902/file/111526#t=2070.0,2100.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39902/file/111526/transcript/24828/annotation/71","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"David. That's . . .\n\nBERMAN: So the other three?\n\nDAVIDSON: Then I had a sister named Shirley. She married my brother's\nbrother-in-law and she moved to Dayton. She was a school teacher and she's since\npassed away. My oldest sister Goldie, she lived in Vidalia and she passed away.\nFannie what lived in Warner Robins for a ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39902/file/111526#t=2100.0,2130.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39902/file/111526/transcript/24828/annotation/72","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"while. Her husband was Carl Garber and\nhe, they got married I think in 1946 and they . . . he ran a grocery store there\nin Warner Robins for about . . . in Atlanta on Stewart Avenue.\n\nBERMAN: Really? What was the name of it?\n\nDAVIDSON: Garber's . . ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39902/file/111526#t=2130.0,2160.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39902/file/111526/transcript/24828/annotation/73","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":". I think just Garber's Grocery Store . . . Groceries. It\nwas on the corner of University and Stewart. Then he . . . him and his brother\nwere partners together, Sam Garber. He had a nice little business, but it wasn't\nenough for two families to live out of. He sold the business ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39902/file/111526#t=2160.0,2190.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39902/file/111526/transcript/24828/annotation/74","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"to his brother and\nhe opened up a store in Warner Robins similar to mine. He had a little bit\nbetter class of merchandise than I did because Warner Robins is a little bigger\ncity and people, they had better jobs.\n\nBERMAN: Is there . . . is it still around?\n\nDAVIDSON: No, he closed it up. Remember he had health problems. They were very\nsuccessful there.\n\nBERMAN: What was the name of that store?\n\nDAVIDSON: Garber's Department Store. They were very successful there for several years.\n\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39902/file/111526#t=2190.0,2220.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39902/file/111526/transcript/24828/annotation/75","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"BERMAN: If we could --\n\nDAVIDSON: What year was it that they close it up Sugar, in the early Eighties? 1984.\n\nBERMAN: If we could backtrack just a little bit?\n\nDAVIDSON: Okay.\n\nBERMAN: How about the war years, World War II years? Did you serve?\n\nDAVIDSON: I was in the army and so was my brother.\n\nBERMAN: Where were you serving, and . . .\n\nDAVIDSON: I got drafted just as the war ended. I got drafted in June and the war\nended in August. I was taking basic training at Camp Bland in ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39902/file/111526#t=2220.0,2250.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39902/file/111526/transcript/24828/annotation/76","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Florida. My\nbrother was trained here at Macon at the Camp Wheeler. When he was taking\naptitude tests, he did real good on it, so they sent him to college. Then he was\ndoing some specialized work and about the time he got through with his college,\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39902/file/111526#t=2250.0,2280.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39902/file/111526/transcript/24828/annotation/77","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that program had been dropped. They sent him to the Signal Corps and they\ntrained him to do repair on Signal Corps equipment. He soon went to the\nPhilippines. He served in the Philippines about . . . he went over there while I\nwas at Bland and he stayed there about six to eight months.\n\nBERMAN: How long were you?\n\nDAVIDSON: I was in the army about two mon . . . about 18 months.\n\nBERMAN: 18 months.\n\nDAVIDSON: I went ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39902/file/111526#t=2280.0,2310.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39902/file/111526/transcript/24828/annotation/78","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"to Fort from Bland and went to Fort [unintelligible: 38.33,\npossibly an Army fort in Virginia]. From there I went to California at Fort\nWinfield Scott. Which is . . . probably never heard of it. It's a real small\nbase just north of the city. Then I got discharged.\n\nBERMAN: I saw that your family was from Bialystok. How did the war . . . you\nmust've still have relatives over there? Did ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39902/file/111526#t=2310.0,2340.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39902/file/111526/transcript/24828/annotation/79","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"they-\n\nDAVIDSON: That was my mother's side of family so . . . I do know that most of my\nfather's family got wiped out during the . . . we had one cousin on my . . . he\nwas in the Polish army for a while and then he went to the Russian army. Then he\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39902/file/111526#t=2340.0,2370.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39902/file/111526/transcript/24828/annotation/80","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"migrated to Israel and he was married to a Russian woman and they had some\nfamily. At that time, the Israelites were very suspicious of anybody and\nanything to do with Russia so they didn't like it and they wouldn't . . .\nAnyway, they gave him a hard time so he moved to France. He lived in France\nuntil he died. Just about what? ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39902/file/111526#t=2370.0,2400.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39902/file/111526/transcript/24828/annotation/81","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"About ten years ago or so? Maybe a little longer\nthan that.\n\nUNKNOWN: A little longer than that.\n\nBERMAN: And your mother's family was stuck in Europe?\n\nDAVIDSON: My mother's family, we had quite a few relatives that were in Israel.\nI got quite a few relatives in this country that were distant relatives of hers.\n\nBERMAN: But most of them, were they able to immigrate before the Nazis came?\n\nDAVIDSON: Oh, yes. They immigrated. I've been on a trip to Israel in 1993 ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39902/file/111526#t=2400.0,2430.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39902/file/111526/transcript/24828/annotation/82","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and I\nmet some of my cousins over there.\n\nBERMAN: When you first heard about what happened to the Jews of Europe, what was\nyour --\n\nDAVIDSON: It was quite a bit of those people were my father's family. Most of\nthem I felt real bad about it but wasn't anything we could do. We really didn't\nknow too much about it until it was too late to do any good.\n\nBERMAN: Did ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39902/file/111526#t=2430.0,2460.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39902/file/111526/transcript/24828/annotation/83","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"any of them write to you to try to get affidavits or to get out of Europe?\n\nDAVIDSON: At that time I was underage. I didn't remember. Some of them might\nhave contacted my father but I don't know anything about it.\n\nBERMAN: Okay. Do you ever regret not living in a larger city?\n\nDAVIDSON: Not really. My needs and wants are very simple so I was satisfied\nliving in a small town.\n\nBERMAN: Is there ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39902/file/111526#t=2460.0,2490.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39902/file/111526/transcript/24828/annotation/84","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"anything else you'd like to say that we haven't covered?\n\nDAVIDSON: I can't think of anything particular.\n\nUNKNOWN: Aunt Lilly [unintelligible: 41.36].\n\nDAVIDSON: What's that?\n\nUNKNOWN: Aunt Lilly.\n\nDAVIDSON: Oh, I forgot about my youngest sister, Lillian Gala. She lives in\nAtlanta and she has one son that's an attorney. Of course, Shelley's an attorney\nand one of Fannie's sons is an attorney. She also ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39902/file/111526#t=2490.0,2520.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39902/file/111526/transcript/24828/annotation/85","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"has a daughter that's a\npublished author. Yes.\n\nBERMAN: What do, what do your son's do?\n\nDAVIDSON: Aaron is a doctor. He's an ophthalmologist and Julius, the oldest boy,\nis a comptroller at a large lumber company in Savannah.\n\nBERMAN: And where's the . . .\n\nDAVIDSON: He's a CPA but he didn't like working for the public too much, so he\ngot a job working for a private company.\n\nBERMAN: And the doctor's son, Julius . . .?\n\nUNKNOWN: ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39902/file/111526#t=2520.0,2550.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39902/file/111526/transcript/24828/annotation/86","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Aaron.\n\nDAVIDSON: Aaron.\n\nBERMAN: Where's he live?\n\nDAVIDSON: Statesboro [Georgia].\n\nBERMAN: That's a nice small town also.\n\nDAVIDSON: Yes.\n\nBERMAN: There must've been something wonderful about small town life. All of\nyour children live in small towns.\n\nDAVIDSON: Yes.\n\nBERMAN: Or smaller than . . .\n\nDAVIDSON: Julius lived in Atlanta for while he was working for big accounting\nfirm. He didn't like it. He couldn't wait to get away from there.\n\nBERMAN: That's wonderful. Wonderful. Thank you very much.\n\nDAVIDSON: You're quite welcome.\n\nBERMAN: I appreciate it.\n\nDAVIDSON: Hope it was helpful for y'all.\n\nBERMAN: Yes, it was very helpful. Thank you.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39902/file/111526#t=2550.0,2580.0"}]},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39902/file/111526/annotation_set/466","type":"AnnotationPage","label":{"en":["Annotations [Transcript]"]},"items":[{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39902/file/111526/annotation_set/466/annotation/87","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eMacon, Georgia, officially Macon-Bibb County, is a consolidated city-county in the state of Georgia. Macon lies near the state’s geographic center, about 85 miles southeast of Atlanta. The city’s nickname is “The Heart of Georgia.”\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39902/file/111526#t=0.0,30.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39902/file/111526/annotation_set/466/annotation/88","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eCochran is a city in Bleckley County, Georgia. Cochran is named for Judge Arthur E. Cochran and was incorporated on March 19, 1869. Cochran is home to Bleckley County High School and Middle Georgia State University.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39902/file/111526#t=30.0,60.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39902/file/111526/annotation_set/466/annotation/89","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe Selective Service Act of 1917, or Selective Draft Act, authorized the United States federal government to raise a national army for service in World War I through conscription. The guidelines for the act outlines that all males aged 21 to 30 were required to register to potentially be selected for military service. Congress amended the law in August 1918 to expand the age range to include all men 18 to 45, and to bar further volunteering. By the end of World War I, some 2.8 million men had been drafted.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39902/file/111526#t=90.0,120.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39902/file/111526/annotation_set/466/annotation/90","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eBialystok is the largest city in northeastern Poland and the capital of the Podlaskie Voivodeship. Bialystok is located in the Bialystok Uplands of the Podlaskie Plain on the banks of the Biala River. It has historically attracted migrants from elsewhere in Poland and beyond, particularly from Central and Eastern Europe.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39902/file/111526#t=90.0,120.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39902/file/111526/annotation_set/466/annotation/91","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eA peddler is a person who goes from place to place selling small items.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39902/file/111526#t=120.0,150.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39902/file/111526/annotation_set/466/annotation/92","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eMcRae is a city in Telfair County, Georgia. It was designated as the county seat in 871. McRae was founded in 1870 as station number eleven on the Macon and Brunswick Railroad.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39902/file/111526#t=240.0,270.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39902/file/111526/annotation_set/466/annotation/93","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eWrightsville is a city in Johnson County in the state of Georgia. The city is also the county seat of Johnson County.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39902/file/111526#t=270.0,300.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39902/file/111526/annotation_set/466/annotation/94","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eWorld War I, also called First World War or Great War, was an international conflict that in 1914–18 embroiled most of the nations of Europe along with Russia, the United States, the Middle East, and other regions. The war pitted the Central Powers—mainly Germany, Austria-Hungary, and Turkey—against the Allies—mainly France, Great Britain, Russia, Italy, Japan, and, from 1917, the United States. It ended with the defeat of the Central Powers.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39902/file/111526#t=300.0,330.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39902/file/111526/annotation_set/466/annotation/95","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eA delicatessen is a store selling cold cuts, cheeses, and a variety of salads, as well as a selection of unusual or foreign prepared foods.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39902/file/111526#t=330.0,360.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39902/file/111526/annotation_set/466/annotation/96","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eAtlanta is the capital and most populous city of the state of Georgia. The city serves as the cultural and economic center of the Atlanta metropolitan area. The city is situated among the foothills of the Appalachian Mountains and has the highest elevation among major cities east of the Mississippi River.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39902/file/111526#t=540.0,570.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39902/file/111526/annotation_set/466/annotation/97","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eA goiter is an abnormal enlargement of the butterfly-shaped gland below the Adam’s apple (thyroid). A goiter commonly develops as a result of iodine deficiency or inflammation of the thyroid gland.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39902/file/111526#t=600.0,630.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39902/file/111526/annotation_set/466/annotation/98","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eA lay preacher is a preacher or a religious proclaimer who is not a formally ordained cleric. Lay preaching varies in importance between religions and their sects.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39902/file/111526#t=810.0,840.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39902/file/111526/annotation_set/466/annotation/99","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe Model T was an automobile built by the Ford Motor Company from 1908 until 1927. Conceived by Henry Ford as practical, affordable transportation for the common man, it quickly became prized for its low cost, durability, versatility, and ease of maintenance.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39902/file/111526#t=840.0,870.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39902/file/111526/annotation_set/466/annotation/100","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eSavannah is a coastal Georgia city that is separated from South Carolina by the Savannah River. Savannah is known for its manicured parks, horse-drawn carriages and antebellum architecture. Its historic district is filled with cobblestoned squares and parks. The center of Savannah’s historic district is the landmark Gothic-revival Cathedral of Saint John the Baptist.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39902/file/111526#t=960.0,990.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39902/file/111526/annotation_set/466/annotation/101","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eCongregation Shearith Israel is an egalitarian, conservative synagogue devoted to spiritual and religious enrichment, Jewish education, and community. The synagogue was founded in 1904 by a minyan of Eastern European immigrants, who named their community “Remnant of Israel”, in acknowledgement of their status as pioneers in the American South, and of their dedication to the tradition from which they had come.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39902/file/111526#t=1230.0,1260.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39902/file/111526/annotation_set/466/annotation/102","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eWarner Robins is a city in the state of Georgia, located in Houston and Peach counties in the central part of the state.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39902/file/111526#t=1290.0,1320.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39902/file/111526/annotation_set/466/annotation/103","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eNewnan is a city in Metro Atlanta and the county seat of Coweta County, Georgia, approximately 40 miles southwest of Atlanta.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39902/file/111526#t=1470.0,1500.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39902/file/111526/annotation_set/466/annotation/104","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe University of Georgia (UGA) was chartered by the state of Georgia in 1785 and is known as the birthplace of high education in America. UGA is Georgia’s flagship institution and is recognized for its commitment to student excellence through an emphasis on rigorous learning experiences both inside and outside the classroom.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39902/file/111526#t=1470.0,1500.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39902/file/111526/annotation_set/466/annotation/105","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe American Civil Rights Era generally encompasses events beginning with the Brown v. Board of Education Supreme Court decision in1954 and ending with the Fair Housing Act of1968, which was a follow up to the Civil Rights Act of 1964 and the Voting Rights Act of 1965. The American Civil Rights Movement encompasses social movements in the United States whose goal was to end racial segregation and discrimination against black Americans and enforce constitutional voting rights to them. The movement was characterized by major campaigns of civil resistance. Between 1955 and 1968, acts of nonviolent protest and civil disobedience produced crisis situations between activists and government authorities. Noted legislative achievements during this phase of the Civil Rights Movement were passage of the Civil Rights Act of 1964, the Voting Rights Act of 1965, the Immigration and Nationality Services Act of1965, and the Fair Housing Act of 1968.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39902/file/111526#t=1470.0,1500.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39902/file/111526/annotation_set/466/annotation/106","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eSchool integration in the United States (also known as desegregation) is the process of ending race-based segregation within American public and private schools. Racial segregation in schools existed throughout most of American history and remains an issue in contemporary education.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39902/file/111526#t=1500.0,1530.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39902/file/111526/annotation_set/466/annotation/107","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eSeparate but equal was a legal doctrine in United States constitutional law, according to which racial segregation did not necessarily violate the Fourteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution, which guaranteed “equal protection” under the law to all people.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39902/file/111526#t=1530.0,1560.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39902/file/111526/annotation_set/466/annotation/108","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe Vietnam War occurred in Vietnam, Laos, and Cambodia from November 1, 1955to the fall of Saigon on April 30, 1975. This war fought between North Vietnam—supported by the Soviet Union, China and other communist allies—and the government of South Vietnam—supported by the United States and other anti-communist allies.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39902/file/111526#t=1620.0,1650.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39902/file/111526/annotation_set/466/annotation/109","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eEastman is a city in Dodge County, Georgia. The city was established in 1871 and is the county seat of Dodge County.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39902/file/111526#t=1710.0,1740.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39902/file/111526/annotation_set/466/annotation/110","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe Ku Klux Klan (or Knights of the Ku Klux Klan today, also referred to as the ‘KKK’) is a white supremacist, white nationalist, anti-immigration, anti-Jewish, anti-Catholic, anti-black secret society, whose methods included terrorism and murder. It was founded in the South in the1860’s and then died out and come back several times, most notably in the 1920’s when membership soared again, and then again in the1960’s during the civil rights era. When the Klan was re-founded in 1915 in Georgia, the event was marked by a cross burning on Stone Mountain. In the past it members dressed up in white robes and a pointed hat designed to hide their identity and to terrify. It is still in existence.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39902/file/111526#t=1740.0,1770.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39902/file/111526/annotation_set/466/annotation/111","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe Boy Scouts of America are a youth organization founded in the United States in 1910 to train youth in responsible citizenship, character development, and self-reliance through participation in a wide range of outdoor activities, educational programs and at older age levels, career-oriented programs in partnership with community organizations. They wear a uniform and earn merit badges for achievements in sports, crafts, science, etc. The boys start as a Cub Scout until age 11 and can move up to be an Eagle Scout.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39902/file/111526#t=1770.0,1800.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39902/file/111526/annotation_set/466/annotation/112","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eHamantash\u003c/em\u003e (pl.: \u003cem\u003ehamantashen\u003c/em\u003e) is a Yiddish word for a filled triangular cookie or pastry, usually associated with the Jewish holiday of Purim and Haman, the villain in the Purim story. The shape is achieved by folding in the sides of a circular piece of dough, with a filling placed in the center. \u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39902/file/111526#t=1830.0,1860.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39902/file/111526/annotation_set/466/annotation/113","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eChallah is special Jewish braided bread eaten on Sabbath and Jewish holidays.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39902/file/111526#t=1830.0,1860.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39902/file/111526/annotation_set/466/annotation/114","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003ePassover [Hebrew: \u003cem\u003ePesach\u003c/em\u003e] is the anniversary of Israel’s liberation from Egyptian bondage. The holiday lasts for eight days. Unleavened bread, \u003cem\u003ematzah\u003c/em\u003e, is eaten in memory of the unleavened bread prepared by the Israelite during their hasty flight from Egypt, when they had not time to wait for the dough to rise. On the first two nights of Passover, the \u003cem\u003eseder\u003c/em\u003e, the central event of the holiday is celebrated. The \u003cem\u003eseder\u003c/em\u003e service is one of the most colorful and joyous occasions in Jewish life. In addition to eating \u003cem\u003ematzah\u003c/em\u003e during the \u003cem\u003eseder\u003c/em\u003e, Jews are prohibited from eating leavened bread during the entire week of Passover. In addition, Jews are also supposed to avoid foods made with wheat, barley, rye, spelt or oats unless those foods are labeled ‘kosher for Passover.’ Jews traditionally have separate dishes for Passover. \u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39902/file/111526#t=1860.0,1890.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39902/file/111526/annotation_set/466/annotation/115","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eGreensboro is a town in and the county seat of Green County, Georgia. The city is located halfway between Atlanta and Augusta, Georgia.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39902/file/111526#t=1950.0,1980.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39902/file/111526/annotation_set/466/annotation/116","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eCommerce is a city in Jackson County, Georgia, 70 miles northeast of Atlanta.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39902/file/111526#t=1950.0,1980.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39902/file/111526/annotation_set/466/annotation/117","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eBuford is a city in Gwinnett and Hall counties in the state of Georgia.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39902/file/111526#t=1980.0,2010.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39902/file/111526/annotation_set/466/annotation/118","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe Ohio State University, commonly Ohio State or OSU, is a public land-grant research university in Columbus, Ohio. It was founded in 1870 as the state’s land–grant university and the ninth university in Ohio with the Morrill Act of 1862. The university is the flagship of the University System of Ohio.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39902/file/111526#t=2040.0,2070.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39902/file/111526/annotation_set/466/annotation/119","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eDayton is a city in western Ohio. \u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39902/file/111526#t=2040.0,2070.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39902/file/111526/annotation_set/466/annotation/120","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eVidalia is a city located primarily in Toombs County, Georgia.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39902/file/111526#t=2070.0,2100.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39902/file/111526/annotation_set/466/annotation/121","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eUnited States Army Basic Combat Training, also referred to as Initial Entry Training, is the recruit training program of the United States Army. Basic Combat Training, often known as “boot camp”, is the introduction to Army service where recruits will learn the traditions, tactics, and methods of becoming a Soldier.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39902/file/111526#t=2220.0,2250.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39902/file/111526/annotation_set/466/annotation/122","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eWorld War II (often abbreviated to WWII or WW2), also known as the Second World War, was a global war that lasted from 1939 to 1945, although related conflicts began earlier. It involved the vast majority of the world's countries—including all of the great powers—eventually forming two opposing military alliances: the Allies and the Axis. World War II was the most widespread and destructive war in history. It was also the deadliest conflict in human history. It directly involved more than 100 million people from over 30 countries, making it difficult to calculate casualties. In addition to millions of soldiers wounded or killed on battlefields, the war was marked by mass deaths of civilians, including the Holocaust (in which approximately 6 million Jews were killed) and the strategic bombing of industrial and population centers (in which approximately one million were killed, and which included the atomic bombings of Hiroshima and Nagasaki), it resulted in an estimated 50 million to 85 million fatalities.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39902/file/111526#t=2220.0,2250.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39902/file/111526/annotation_set/466/annotation/123","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eCamp Blanding Joint Training Center is the primary military reservation and training base for the Florida National Guard.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39902/file/111526#t=2220.0,2250.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39902/file/111526/annotation_set/466/annotation/124","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eCamp Wheeler was a United States Army base near Macon, Georgia. The camo was a staging location for many US Army units during World War I and World War II. It was named for Joseph Wheeler, a general in the Confederate States of America’s Army and in the U.S. Army in the Spanish-American War.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39902/file/111526#t=2250.0,2280.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39902/file/111526/annotation_set/466/annotation/125","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe United States Army Signal Corps is a branch of the United States Army that creates and manages communications and information systems for the command and control of combined arms forces. It was established in 1860, the brainchild of Major Albert J. Myer, and had an important role in the American Civil War.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39902/file/111526#t=2280.0,2310.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39902/file/111526/annotation_set/466/annotation/126","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eFort Winfield Scott was established in 1912 in the western part of the Presidio as a coast artillery post and the headquarters of the Artillery District of San Francisco, California.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39902/file/111526#t=2310.0,2340.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39902/file/111526/annotation_set/466/annotation/127","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe National Socialist German Workers’ Party (NSDAP), commonly known as the ‘Nazi Party,’ was a political party in Germany active between 1920 and 1945. The party’s leader was Adolf Hitler. Initially, Nazi political strategy focused on anti-big business, anti-bourgeois and anti-capitalist rhetoric. In the 1930’s the party's focus shifted to anti-Semitic and anti-Marxist themes. Racism was also central to Nazism. The Nazis aimed to unite all Germans as national comrades, whilst excluding those deemed either to be community aliens or of a foreign race. The Nazis sought to improve the stock of the Germanic people through racial purity and eugenics, broad social welfare programs, and a disregard for the value of individual life, which could be sacrificed for the good of the Nazi state and the ‘Aryan master race.’ The persecution reached its climax when the party-controlled German state organized the systematic murder of approximately 6,000,000 Jews and 5,000,000 from the other targeted groups.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39902/file/111526#t=2400.0,2430.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39902/file/111526/annotation_set/466/annotation/128","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe Holocaust was the systematic, government-sponsored attempt by the Germans to annihilate the Jews of Europe between 1939 and 1945, which resulted in the deaths of nearly 6,000,000 Jews. Although the first extermination camp, Chelmno, did not begin operations until December1941, the Germans had been experimenting with poison gas for the purpose of mass murder since 1939. 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