{"@context":"http://iiif.io/api/presentation/3/context.json","id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/iiif/4f1mg7gs34/manifest","type":"Manifest","label":{"en":["Arnovitz, Ruth"]},"logo":"https://d9jk7wjtjpu5g.cloudfront.net/organizations/logo_images/000/000/082/original/TheBreman_SecondaryMark_Horizontal_Blue_Black.png?1713640889","metadata":[{"label":{"en":["Date"]},"value":{"en":["2006-09-26 (captured)"]}},{"label":{"en":["Agent"]},"value":{"en":["Arnovitz, Ruth (Interviewee)","Kremer, Ray Ann (Interviewer)"]}},{"label":{"en":["Format"]},"value":{"en":["Audio"]}},{"label":{"en":["Source"]},"value":{"en":["William Breman Jewish Heritage Museum"]}},{"label":{"en":["Publisher"]},"value":{"en":["William Breman Jewish Heritage Museum","Ester and Herbert Taylor Oral History Collection"]}},{"label":{"en":["Description"]},"value":{"en":["\u003cp\u003eRuth Arnovitz interviewed by Ran Ann Kremer in Sepemter 26, 2005, in Atlanta, Georgia. \u003c/p\u003e (general)","\u003cp\u003eRuth Hillman Lazarus Arnovitz was born in 1917 in Atlanta. She has two brothers, Arthur and Ralph, and a sister, Helen. Her children include her son Wayne and daughters Janet and Myra from her first husband Jake Lazarus, as well as her stepchildren Eliot, Susan, Ellen, and Judy from Morris Arnovitz. She attended commercial high school before going into the workforce. Growing up, Ruth was involved in Young Judea and Ahavath Achim Synagogue. She moved to Quitman, Georgia after marrying her first husband, but later moved back to Atlanta. Ruth passed away at 101 years old on November 3, 2018. \u003c/p\u003e (bioghist)","\u003cp\u003eThe interview begins with Ruth Arnovitz discussing her family background and how they immigrated to Atlanta, Georgia. She talks about her immediate family and her time growing up in Atlanta. She details what the Atlanta community was like. Arnovitz discusses her Jewish upbringing as well and her experiences with Ahavath Achim and Young Judea. She reflects on her marriage to Jack and moving to Quitman, Georgia. Arnovitz details what her life was like in Quitman. She reminiscences on raising her kids there and what the community was like. Arnovitz talks about how she moved back to Atlanta after her first husband’s death. She shares her experience with meeting her second husband Morris and her experience back in Atlanta. She reflects on anti-black and anti-Jewish sentiments in Atlanta compared to Quitman. Arnovitz  especially details civil rights in Quitman. She then goes on to compare her life in Quitman versus in Atlanta. She describes her involvements and social life in Quitman. She discusses her experience with keeping kosher throughout her life. She concludes by reflecting on the environment of Quitman. \u003c/p\u003e (scope content)"]}},{"label":{"en":["Source Metadata URI"]},"value":{"en":["https://archivesspace.thebreman.org/repositories/2/archival_objects/29093"]}},{"label":{"en":["Rights Statement"]},"value":{"en":["\u003cp\u003eAll rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, recorded by any information storage and retrieval system, without the express written consent of the William Breman Jewish Heritage Museum.\u003c/p\u003e"]}},{"label":{"en":["Subject"]},"value":{"en":["Ahavath Achim Synagogue (corporate name)","Immigration (topical term)","Atlanta, Georgia (geographic term)","Quitman, Georgia (geographic term)","Antisemitism (topical term)","Civil Rights Movement (topical term)"]}}],"summary":{"en":["\u003cp\u003eRuth Arnovitz interviewed by Ran Ann Kremer in Sepemter 26, 2005, in Atlanta, Georgia.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eRuth Hillman Lazarus Arnovitz was born in 1917 in Atlanta. She has two brothers, Arthur and Ralph, and a sister, Helen. Her children include her son Wayne and daughters Janet and Myra from her first husband Jake Lazarus, as well as her stepchildren Eliot, Susan, Ellen, and Judy from Morris Arnovitz. She attended commercial high school before going into the workforce. Growing up, Ruth was involved in Young Judea and Ahavath Achim Synagogue. She moved to Quitman, Georgia after marrying her first husband, but later moved back to Atlanta. Ruth passed away at 101 years old on November 3, 2018.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe interview begins with Ruth Arnovitz discussing her family background and how they immigrated to Atlanta, Georgia. She talks about her immediate family and her time growing up in Atlanta. She details what the Atlanta community was like. Arnovitz discusses her Jewish upbringing as well and her experiences with Ahavath Achim and Young Judea. She reflects on her marriage to Jack and moving to Quitman, Georgia. Arnovitz details what her life was like in Quitman. She reminiscences on raising her kids there and what the community was like. Arnovitz talks about how she moved back to Atlanta after her first husband\u0026rsquo;s death. She shares her experience with meeting her second husband Morris and her experience back in Atlanta. She reflects on anti-black and anti-Jewish sentiments in Atlanta compared to Quitman. Arnovitz \u0026nbsp;especially details civil rights in Quitman. She then goes on to compare her life in Quitman versus in Atlanta. She describes her involvements and social life in Quitman. She discusses her experience with keeping kosher throughout her life. She concludes by reflecting on the environment of Quitman.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e"]},"requiredStatement":{"label":{"en":["Attribution"]},"value":{"en":["\u003cp\u003eAll rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, recorded by any information storage and retrieval system, without the express written consent of the William Breman Jewish Heritage Museum.\u003c/p\u003e"]}},"provider":[{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/aboutus","type":"Agent","label":{"en":["William Breman Jewish Heritage Museum"]},"homepage":[{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/","type":"Text","label":{"en":["William Breman Jewish Heritage Museum"]},"format":"text/html"}],"logo":[{"id":"https://d9jk7wjtjpu5g.cloudfront.net/organizations/logo_images/000/000/082/original/TheBreman_SecondaryMark_Horizontal_Blue_Black.png?1713640889","type":"Image"}]}],"thumbnail":[{"id":"https://d9jk7wjtjpu5g.cloudfront.net/public/images/audio-default.png","type":"Image","format":"image/png"}],"items":[{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/87900/file/181008","type":"Canvas","label":{"en":["Media File 1 of 1 - Arnovitz__Ruth_lofi.mp3"]},"duration":2840.39837,"width":640,"height":360,"thumbnail":[{"id":"https://d9jk7wjtjpu5g.cloudfront.net/public/images/audio-default.png","type":"Image","format":"image/png"}],"items":[{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/87900/file/181008/content/1","type":"AnnotationPage","items":[{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/87900/file/181008/content/1/annotation/1","type":"Annotation","motivation":"painting","body":{"id":"https://aviary-p-thebreman.s3.wasabisys.com/collection_resource_files/resource_files/000/181/008/original/Arnovitz__Ruth_lofi.mp3?1679410622","type":"Audio","format":"audio/mpeg","duration":2840.39837,"width":640,"height":360},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/87900/file/181008","metadata":[]}]}],"annotations":[{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/87900/file/181008/transcript/42831","type":"AnnotationPage","label":{"en":["Arnovitz, Ruth [Transcript]"]},"items":[{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/87900/file/181008/transcript/42831/annotation/1","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"KREMER: It is September 26, 2006. This is Ray Ann Kremer interviewing Ruth\nHillman Lazarus Arnovitz in her home in Park Place, Atlanta, Georgia. This is a\nJewish Oral History Project of Atlanta. A project of the William Breman Heritage\nMuseum, originated by the American Jewish Committee with the support of the\nNational Council of Jewish Women, ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/87900/file/181008#t=0.0,30.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/87900/file/181008/transcript/42831/annotation/2","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Atlanta chapter and the Atlanta Jewish\nFederation. Ruth, I like to go as far back as I can with what you remember of\nyour parents. Where they came from, how they got to Atlanta, do you remember\nabout where they came from? Do you have any names?\n\nARNOVITZ: I, no way, I would . . . I don't know, I know they came from Europe, in\n\nRussia. It's either Russia or Poland. Whether you know Poland's part of Russia,\nRussia's there. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/87900/file/181008#t=30.0,60.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/87900/file/181008/transcript/42831/annotation/3","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Anyway, I know that that's where they came from. What they, oh I\ndo remember now, my grandmother said they were dairy farmers over there. I just\nnow recall that, but up . . .\n\nKREMER: Now that's your paternal grandmother? Okay, so your maternal family.\nARNOVITZ: Yeah.\n\nKREMER: What made them come to Atlanta?\n\nARNOVITZ: They came so long ago I don't know. It's just like they were\nimmigrated, they migrated to Atlanta. My grandfather came first.\n\nKREMER: Do you remember about when?\n\nARNOVITZ: Have no idea.\n\nKREMER: Early in the century?\n\nARNOVITZ: Early in the century ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/87900/file/181008#t=60.0,90.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/87900/file/181008/transcript/42831/annotation/4","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"because mother, ninety-four when she died, and she\n\ndied in 1970 . . . 1975 or 1976 . . .\n\nKREMER: Okay . . .\n\nARNOVITZ: . . . so . . .\n\nKREMER: . . . 1975 or 1976.\n\nARNOVITZ: . . . 1976, she died, yeah.\n\nKREMER: What, what was your maternal family name?\n\nARNOVITZ: Hillman [sp] oh mat, mat, oh maternal was Solomon.\n\nKREMER: Okay.\n\nARNOVITZ: Solomon.\n\nKREMER: Okay.\n\nARNOVITZ: Yeah, and daddy's was Hillman.\n\nKREMER: Okay, Hillman.\n\nARNOVITZ: Yeah, Hillman.\n\nKREMER: Did, did it get changed from . . .\n\nARNOVITZ: Yeah.\n\nKREMER: .... a Russian sounding name?\n\nARNOVITZ: Oh yeah, it was Gillalevitz, [sp]. Now, I remember that.\n\nKREMER: Now could you ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/87900/file/181008#t=90.0,120.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/87900/file/181008/transcript/42831/annotation/5","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"spell Gillalevitz?\n\nARNOVITZ: No.\n\nKREMER: That's the Hillman side.\n\nARNOVITZ: That was the Hillman side. The Solomon side was Kabatsky.\n\nKREMER: How do you spell that?\n\nARNOVITZ: I don't know.\n\nKREMER: Make a try.\n\nARNOVITZ: They can try, Kabatsky.\n\nKREMER: No, they can't try.\n\nARNOVITZ: No . . .\n\nKREMER: . . . You have to, because you know the sounds you're making, just\nguess. \"G\n\nARNOVITZ: \"K\", no, it was \"K\",\n\nKREMER: Oh, Kabatsky.\n\nARNOVITZ: Kabat... was \"K\", I think it was K-A-B-A-T-S-K-Y, Kabatsky.\n\nKREMER: Okay, and . . .\n\nARNOVITZ: They were changed.\n\nKREMER: That was Solomon?\n\nARNOVITZ: When you came ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/87900/file/181008#t=120.0,150.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/87900/file/181008/transcript/42831/annotation/6","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"through it was Solomon, wherever they came through they\nasked him his name and he said, \"Solomon\", that was his first name. Solomon,\nwhat, not speaking any English, he said, \"Solomon\". They gave him Solomon. One\nbrother came through and his last name became Cabot [sp] and another one stayed\nKabatsky so the three brothers had three different last names.\n\nKREMER: Did they all come at the same time?\n\nARNOVITZ: I don't know, and they didn't all, they didn't, others\n\ndidn't come to Atlanta at all. Where my Zeyde [sp] died, landed. I don't know\nhow he got here, but he was the Shamus of the Shul once he got here.\n\nKREMER: Hmm, which ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/87900/file/181008#t=150.0,180.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/87900/file/181008/transcript/42831/annotation/7","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Shul?\n\nARNOVITZ: AA [Ahavath Achim Synagogue].\n\nKREMER His full name was?\n\nARNOVITZ: Samuel Solomon.\n\nKREMER: Okay, and then your father came about the same time . . . ?\n\nARNOVITZ: About the same time as my mother came I think. Not, not my\ngrandfather, because they were younger, and I don't know what year they came here.\n\nKREMER: Okay, but your mother was born in the old country as . . .\n\nARNOVITZ: Oh yes.\n\nKREMER: . . . was your father.\n\nARNOVITZ: Yeah, they were both born there, yeah.\n\nKREMER: Who came from your father's family?\n\nARNOVITZ: Here? Oh, a ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/87900/file/181008#t=180.0,210.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/87900/file/181008/transcript/42831/annotation/8","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"brother called Label. Label, he, he became Hillman too\nwhenever the Gillalevitz whatever it was. The only two, no there was three\nbrothers. There was Label and my daddy was Morris and then there was Louie,\nLouis, Louie, three brothers came.\n\nKREMER: The parents didn't come.\n\nARNOVITZ: No, the parents didn't come. I don't think, now I'm thinking, I'm not sure.\n\nI never heard daddy speak of a daddy; he spoke of his mother. His daddy most\nlikely had passed away before he came even. He did leave his ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/87900/file/181008#t=210.0,240.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/87900/file/181008/transcript/42831/annotation/9","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"mother and a sister\nin Europe.\n\nKREMER: Did they have a trade, you said they wanted to avoid getting inducted\ninto the Russian army which . . .\n\nARNOVITZ: They did.\n\nKREMER: . . . which is why they got sent.\n\nARNOVITZ: They, yeah, yeah, yes, that's what I was told.\n\nKREMER: Did he have a trade of any sort?\n\nARNOVITZ: No, I don't think so, I don't think he was more than, I think he was\nreal young when he came. I don't think he's; I don't think daddy was, I don't\nthink daddy was more than maybe 13, 14. He was really young when he came, I\nheard often said he was very young when he came over.\n\nKREMER: Okay, now did he, when did he open ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/87900/file/181008#t=240.0,270.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/87900/file/181008/transcript/42831/annotation/10","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"the store? About how old was he, did,\n\ndid he open it up with a partner or . . .\n\nARNOVITZ: No, he opened by himself, but I have no idea what year he would have\n\nopened it up in.\n\nKREMER: After he married your mother?\n\nARNOVITZ: I . . . I believe he must have opened it before because he didn't have\nany other business and he couldn't have been getting married if he wasn't making\nsome money, a living somehow or another. I feel like he opened it before.\n\nKREMER: Do you remember them talking about what Atlanta was like at all?\n\nARNOVITZ: I remember what I, I've been here so long I remember what Atlanta was like.\n\nKREMER: ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/87900/file/181008#t=270.0,300.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/87900/file/181008/transcript/42831/annotation/11","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"What, now wait, where were, we haven't gotten your parents having\n\n children.\n\nARNOVITZ: Yeah.\n\nKREMER: Let's do that.\n\nARNOVITZ: What now?\n\nKREMER: What was the line up of the kids? I mean were you first? Are you the\nfirst born?\n\nARNOVITZ: No! My mother had two brothers, Arthur, my oldest brother, then Ralph\n\nand then me and then my sister Helen.\n\nKREMER: Okay, so they're, they're, they're Hillmans?\n\nARNOVITZ: They are Hillmans yeah.\n\nKREMER: Okay.\n\nARNOVITZ: Arthur.\n\nKREMER: Helen's name is . . . ?\n\nARNOVITZ: Cohen now, Helen ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/87900/file/181008#t=300.0,330.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/87900/file/181008/transcript/42831/annotation/12","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Cohen.\n\nKREMER: You all came along and you were born, I'm looking here to see.\n\nARNOVITZ: All of us were born.\n\nKREMER: Okay, you were born in 1917 . . . here.\n\nARNOVITZ: Yeah.\n\nKREMER: Okay, and so your parents have been here, do you have any idea of how long?\n\nARNOVITZ: They were, my oldest brother was born in 1905, and they married then\nin 1904 because I remember mother saying that she was only married a year\nbefore. Arthur was ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/87900/file/181008#t=330.0,360.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/87900/file/181008/transcript/42831/annotation/13","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"born. I feel like they came in maybe 1903, from what I\nfigure. I know that they married . . . soon . . .\n\nKREMER: Quickly after they got here.\n\nARNOVITZ: . . . quickly after they got here.\n\nKREMER: Okay so that, that gives me more of a time frame.\n\nARNOVITZ: We would say 1903.\n\nKREMER: Okay and where did you live at that point and where was the store?\n\nARNOVITZ: On Stonewall Street, which is on the south side of town, which is\nright . . . I don't think it's there anymore but at that time it was right by\nAtlanta University, in that section.\n\nKREMER: Okay, and how long did your family live there? ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/87900/file/181008#t=360.0,390.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/87900/file/181008/transcript/42831/annotation/14","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"A long time after they\nsold the store?\n\nARNOVITZ: Oh no, no.\n\nKREMER: They sold the store and moved?\n\nARNOVITZ: No, we moved before we sold the store.\n\nKREMER: Okay.\n\nARNOVITZ: We moved before we sold the store, but the store was there in 1940,\nthe store was still there.\n\nKREMER: Okay, you said that's about the time your father went out of the\nbusiness and went into business with your brothers.\n\nARNOVITZ: Yeah.\n\nKREMER: Right.\n\nARNOVITZ: Either that or a little bit earlier, because I worked with the boys,\nwith my\n\nbrothers. I married in 1941 so . . .\n\nKREMER: What did they ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/87900/file/181008#t=390.0,420.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/87900/file/181008/transcript/42831/annotation/15","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"manufacture, you said they had a manufacturing business?\n\nARNOVITZ: They're still in the business, disinfectant, disinfectants, household,\nman, Hill Manufacturing Company.\n\nKREMER: Hill Manufacturing?\n\nARNOVITZ: Yeah.\n\nKREMER: All right you were telling me, what, when did Hill Manufacturing start?\n\nARNOVITZ: Hill Manufacturing started very crude. Ralph, my middle brother,\nstarted it when he came out of school. That would have been 1930 . . . about\n1930 or so and just small. Then ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/87900/file/181008#t=420.0,450.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/87900/file/181008/transcript/42831/annotation/16","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"he progressively got larger and larger. Then he,\nmy older brother, Arthur, came with him in 1941, no before then, maybe two or\nthree years later. I'm not sure of the date.\n\nKREMER: Now you said you worked there, what did you do?\n\nARNOVITZ: I was a secretary, I did the front office. I worked the front office\nwhen I finished school in 1935.\n\nKREMER: Where did you go to school here?\n\nARNOVITZ: Commercial High. We were all born in Atlanta.\n\nKREMER: Who were some of the people in your class? ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/87900/file/181008#t=450.0,480.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/87900/file/181008/transcript/42831/annotation/17","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Did a lot of Jewish kids go\n\n there?\n\nARNOVITZ: Yeah.\n\nKREMER: While you're thinking about who's in there . . .\n\nARNOVITZ: Dorothy LeBron [sp] and [indistinct: 08:06] Irving.\n\nKREMER: You've got to speak up.\n\nARNOVITZ: I, I, I really don't know, I have . . .\n\nKREMER: Who is the second one?\n\nARNOVITZ: He didn't go there, I thought he did. I really don't remember.\n\nKREMER: Okay were there clubs?\n\nARNOVITZ: Clubs?\n\nKREMER: Yeah, like Jewish clubs, that you belonged to there.\n\nARNOVITZ: Not in the school, we had a Jew, we had Young Judea Club, I mean I\nbelonged to a club. I belonged to a club there, in here but not in the school.\n\nKREMER: Okay, so girls ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/87900/file/181008#t=480.0,510.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/87900/file/181008/transcript/42831/annotation/18","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"your age joined Young Judea.\n\nARNOVITZ: Yeah.\n\nKREMER: What kinds of activities did you have?\n\nARNOVITZ: We were not as active then as they are now, but we had the social\nclubs, you know what I mean. Life in Atlanta was not, I don't know if Federation\nwas even in existence that early. We had the synagogue of course, we always,\nalways . . .\n\nKREMER: Were you bat mitzvahed?\n\nARNOVITZ: No . . .\n\nKREMER: Confirmed?\n\nARNOVITZ: Confirmed, yes. When I came along before children were, before girls\nwere bat mitzvahed, you know. That was, that was later. Girls were not bat\nmitzvahed at my age yet. Yes, I was ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/87900/file/181008#t=510.0,540.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/87900/file/181008/transcript/42831/annotation/19","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Confirmed from the, from AA.\n\nKREMER: Can you remember some of the girls who were in Young Judea with you?\n\nARNOVITZ: Rose Schlaffer.\n\nKREMER: Speak up.\n\nARNOVITZ: Rose Schalffer at the time which is Rodell. [sp]\n\nKREMER: How do you spell Schalffer? [sp]\n\nARNOVITZ: \"S-C-H, SCHALFFER\"I don't know, \"S-C-H-A-L-F-F-E-R\",\n\nSchalffer, was Rose Robell Sybill Seligman [sp] Barnett [sp], Minnie Boas [sp],\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/87900/file/181008#t=540.0,570.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/87900/file/181008/transcript/42831/annotation/20","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Dorothy Lavine [sp], which was Dorothy Weimer [sp], Dorothy Weimer [sp] Lavine.\n\nKREMER: Was there a boy's club too? What did the boys do?\n\nARNOVITZ: There was a boy's club. There was a lot of boy, a lot of boys clubs in\nAtlanta. Don't ask me about them, I don't know what, even their name, MGIMI\n[sp], the boy's clubs.\n\nKREMER: What was that you just said?\n\nARNOVITZ: I'm not sure.\n\nKREMER: \"MP'\n\nARNOVITZ: I thought it was \"MG\" but I might be wrong at that. I'm not really\nsure of the boys clubs at all.\n\nKREMER: Okay. You graduated from high school and went to work.\n\nARNOVITZ: I went to work.\n\nKREMER: ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/87900/file/181008#t=570.0,600.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/87900/file/181008/transcript/42831/annotation/21","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Did many girls your age go to college?\n\nARNOVITZ: Some did, and I don't know why I didn't but my daddy, at that time I\n\nremember daddy saying, \"Well if you really want to go well you can go, otherwise\ntake a\n\ncommercial course so I wish, I had always regretted that I didn't go.\n\nKREMER: Did your brothers go to college?\n\nARNOVITZ: Yes.\n\nKREMER: Where did they go?\n\nARNOVITZ: Georgia State, it was here in Atlanta; you know Georgia State. They\n\nboth went to college. At that time in the Jewish, the men had, got bar\nmitzvahed; the men had\n\nthe education, and the women came ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/87900/file/181008#t=600.0,630.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/87900/file/181008/transcript/42831/annotation/22","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"along.\n\nARNOVITZ: I worked, I didn't work, when I started working, I worked at Saks\nFifth Avenue.\n\nKREMER: Oh, before you worked . . .\n\nARNOVITZ: Oh yeah . . .\n\nKREMER: . . . the family business . . .\n\nARNOVITZ: . . . before\n\nKREMER: Okay.\n\nARNOVITZ: Before I met with him.\n\nKREMER: They had a Saks Fifth Avenue back then?\n\nARNOVITZ: Sure, we had Saks then, I worked at Saks before I worked anywhere.\nThey had a Lord and Taylor's and they had a Saks. Of course, Rich's; it was\ncalled Davidsons [sp] then, not Macy's. Then I met Jack, my first husband, on a\nvisit to Valdosta.\n\nKREMER: What were you doing in ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/87900/file/181008#t=630.0,660.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/87900/file/181008/transcript/42831/annotation/23","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Valdosta?\n\nARNOVITZ: I had, I knew their family there, Abrams [sp], Jackie Abrams [sp] and we\n\nvisited there, and she dated me with, with Jack and that was it. He came [to]\nvisit here.\n\nI went with Jacky about a year before we got married. We married in February 1941.\n\nKREMER: Did you have a big wedding? At AA?\n\nARNOVITZ: Oh, our wedding, the Community Center at that time had opened up ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/87900/file/181008#t=660.0,690.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/87900/file/181008/transcript/42831/annotation/24","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"on\n\nTenth Street. It, it wasn't really fully completed; we were the first ones to\nget married there. I married him right there.\n\nKREMER: Now so you got married, did you continue to work? Did you live here?\n\nARNOVITZ: We moved to Quitman, Georgia.\n\nKREMER: Okay.\n\nARNOVITZ: I didn't, I didn't work, I didn't work at all. I helped in the store\nthere of course when they needed me.\n\nKREMER: What kind of store did they have?\n\nARNOVITZ: A dry goods store.\n\nKREMER: Okay.\n\nARNOVITZ: When I did, I helped on a Saturday maybe, or a weekend.\n\nKREMER: Now Quitman, Georgia, where is that exactly?\n\nARNOVITZ: That is ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/87900/file/181008#t=690.0,720.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/87900/file/181008/transcript/42831/annotation/25","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"South Georgia, between Valdosta and Thomasville.\n\nKREMER: Were there any other Jewish people in the town?\n\nARNOVITZ: Yes, there's none of them left, there was one. There were, there were\nfive families, Jewish families there.\n\nKREMER: Who were they?\n\nARNOVITZ: We were, the Usher's [sp], the Usher's had another brother there. He\nhad a\n\nfamily with three or four children, and the Taylor's, which my sister married a\nTaylor, and then I had a sister-in-law there was Pincu's [sp], and then there\nwas a Berman, a Berman [sp] family, Berman's I think it were ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/87900/file/181008#t=720.0,750.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/87900/file/181008/transcript/42831/annotation/26","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Berman's. Later on,\nthere became a pajama factory, pajama plant there and the Berman's came there.\n\nKREMER: They worked for the company?\n\nARNOVITZ: Oh yeah, and the Kalin's, we had the Kalin's there after that.\n\nKREMER: How do you spell that?\n\nARNOVITZ: Kalin, K-A-L-I-N, Kalin.\n\nKREMER: Okay, and how do you spell Berman?\n\nARNOVITZ: B-E-R-M-A-N.\n\nKREMER: Okay, all right so did these people all come from the same place in\nEurope? Were they all immigrants?\n\nARNOVITZ: I have no idea. I know that the Lasher's came from there, but now the\nKalin's were younger, they were born in America. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/87900/file/181008#t=750.0,780.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/87900/file/181008/transcript/42831/annotation/27","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Their families most likely came\nfrom Europe.\n\nKREMER: Okay so do you know where the Lazarus' (Kremer says \"Lazarus\", but\nArnovitz is saying \"Lasher\") came from? Okay, she doesn't know.\n\nARNOVITZ: That I don't know.\n\nKREMER: Yeah no, that's all right, you just . . . yeah, I'll pipe in for you.\n\nARNOVITZ: Yeah, I forget.\n\nKREMER: Okay, so what was life like, how big was the town? There were five\nJewish families and how many others?\n\nARNOVITZ: When I moved there, there was about five\n\nthousand population. When I left there wasn't about but four thousand. It was\nthe one town that lost population, ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/87900/file/181008#t=780.0,810.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/87900/file/181008/transcript/42831/annotation/28","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"didn't gain it.\n\nKREMER: Were those mostly white people or a combination of white and black?\n\nARNOVITZ: Oh, a combination of white and black. I, when I moved there, there\nwere more white, but I think towards the end there might have been equally as\nmany black as there was white.\n\nKREMER: What were the racial relations like when you moved there which\n\nwas in the for . . . early forties.\n\nARNOVITZ: Of course not, it was, it was segregated. I remember when the, the\nschools first became integrated.\n\nKREMER: When was that?\n\nARNOVITZ: ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/87900/file/181008#t=810.0,840.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/87900/file/181008/transcript/42831/annotation/29","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"When my children, in 1962, sixty, when all of the integration started.\nBecause my oldest child was in, in high school, going into high school I think,\nwhen they started integrating.\n\nKREMER: All your kids were educated in the Quitman Schools?\n\nARNOVITZ: The Quitman and then when they graduated they, they went away.\n\nKREMER: Where did they all go?\n\nARNOVITZ: Wayne the oldest one went, came to Atlanta. He went to\n\nGeorgia Tech for summer school. Then he transferred to ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/87900/file/181008#t=840.0,870.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/87900/file/181008/transcript/42831/annotation/30","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Emory. He finished at Emory.\n\nJanet, the middle one, went to Columbia, Missouri . . .\n\nKREMER: Stevens.\n\nARNOVITZ: University of Columbia.\n\nKREMER: University of . . .\n\nARNOVITZ: Columbia.\n\nKREMER: . . . Missouri?\n\nARNOVITZ: Missouri and she, then she left and came back and graduated from\nGeorgia, Georgia, Augusta she graduated. Myra [sp] graduated and went to Boston,\nB.U. She graduated from there and got her masters at Northwestern.\n\nKREMER: Tell us what a typical Jewish life was in, in Quitman. Did you ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/87900/file/181008#t=870.0,900.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/87900/file/181008/transcript/42831/annotation/31","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"have a Temple?\n\nARNOVITZ: The Temple was in Valdosta, Georgia, which was 17 miles. We\n\nwere very active in it. Them, they had Sunday School; they had Hebrew classes\nand my children took Hebrew there. They went to Hebrew School there and they\nwere bar mitzvahed there, bar mitzvahed. The girls were bat mitzvahed and they\nwere bat mitzvahed in Valdosta. We were very active with the Jewish Community.\nIn other words, we went there all the time. It was ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/87900/file/181008#t=900.0,930.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/87900/file/181008/transcript/42831/annotation/32","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"17 miles just highway. It was\nnot more than 17, well it was [a] less than twenty-minute drive.\n\nKREMER: What were your relations like with the people in Quitman? I mean, were\nyou friendly? Were you . . .\n\nARNOVITZ: Very.\n\nKREMER: . . . in a country club?\n\nARNOVITZ: Very friendly, we . . .\n\nKREMER: Did you have country clubs?\n\nARNOVITZ: Yes, we belonged to the country club. They had a country club, and I\ndidn't feel anything in Quitman, no difference at all.\n\nKREMER: You liked living there.\n\nARNOVITZ: Yeah, but I always knew that I would, I always thought I'd leave there\nearlier than I did. When the children ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/87900/file/181008#t=930.0,960.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/87900/file/181008/transcript/42831/annotation/33","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"left, I figured the reason they left here\nbut when my first husband, when my husband died, I stayed there. From March, I\nstayed almost a year, from March to January. Then I came to Atlanta.\n\nKREMER: What year was that?\n\nARNOVITZ: 1975.\n\nKREMER: Oh, a long time ago.\n\nARNOVITZ: Yeah, I been here then, I was married, I married in 1978 to Morris.\n\nKREMER: He passed . . .\n\nARNOVITZ: He passed away ten years after we married. He passed away in 1988.\n\nKREMER: When you came back here, where did you live here when you came back?\n\nARNOVITZ: Sherbrooke Forest, ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/87900/file/181008#t=960.0,990.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/87900/file/181008/transcript/42831/annotation/34","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I had an apartment in Sherbrooke Forest. Then when\nI married Morris, we moved to up on Peachtree Street. I'm trying to think of the\nname of the condominium up there.\n\nKREMER: That's not important.\n\nARNOVITZ: That's not important.\n\nKREMER: You're talking about Atlanta?\n\nARNOVITZ: Yeah.\n\nKREMER: Okay.\n\nARNOVITZ: I say before in my times; I'm saying before the time of electricity\nwas . . . was gas. I . . .\n\nKREMER: You're talking about when you lived here as a youngster.\n\nARNOVITZ: Yeah, sure as a youngster, before electricity. There was gaslights on\nthe street. They used to light the gas, you could see the men come by and ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/87900/file/181008#t=990.0,1020.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/87900/file/181008/transcript/42831/annotation/35","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"light\nthe gaslights on the streets.\n\nKREMER: When did they get electricity?\n\nARNOVITZ: I meant to ask someone that because, it must, I don't really know when\nelectricity came around, I meant, I meant to find out from somebody.\n\nKREMER: Did you take the trolley downtown to shop?\n\nARNOVITZ: Oh yes, yes, we took the all the time, we rode the trolley. There was\ntracks everywhere. I remember it one time I wanted to go someplace, it was in a\ncar, and I didn't know, I said, \"Well let's follow the tracks.\" We followed the\ntrolley tracks and I know where to ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/87900/file/181008#t=1020.0,1050.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/87900/file/181008/transcript/42831/annotation/36","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"go.\n\nKREMER: Did you sense any antisemitism when you were growing up here? It wasn't\nso terribly long after the Leo Frank . . .\n\nARNOVITZ: I know, but I didn't, a lot of, most people didn't feel it. I didn't\nfeel it. I didn't live in a, living in a neighborhood there wasn't a lot of Jews\nyou didn't, I didn't feel it at all. I have heard some people say when they\nlived like on Washington Street and Capitol Avenue, they did feel it because\nthere was a, abundance of Jews. I did not feel it at all myself.\n\nKREMER: Now what did you hear people say about the Leo Frank Case?\n\nARNOVITZ: That was a long time before my, I mean I was very young at that time.\n\nKREMER: Right.\n\nARNOVITZ: I often heard them talk about it, in later life when I got there, I\ndon't really know but . . .\n\nKREMER: What did you hear?\n\nARNOVITZ: What?\n\nKREMER: ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/87900/file/181008#t=1050.0,1080.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/87900/file/181008/transcript/42831/annotation/37","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"What did you hear said about it?\n\nARNOVITZ: I don't know, I haven't heard really too much about it other than we\nknew what, maybe I think what I know is more about what I had read about it than\nwhat I heard people say about the lynching and the riots and all that came\nalong, but I don't, I didn't hear nothing, did you, ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/87900/file/181008#t=1080.0,1110.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/87900/file/181008/transcript/42831/annotation/38","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"my family didn't talk about\nit, let's put it that way.\n\nKREMER: That's not unusual, a lot . . .\n\nARNOVITZ: Yeah.\n\nKREMER: . . . most Jews.\n\nARNOVITZ: Yeah.\n\nKREMER: . . . that I've interviewed.\n\nARNOVITZ: Yeah.\n\nKREMER: . . . the families didn't want to talk about it. They were too\nfrightened, they\n\nwere to upset.\n\nARNOVITZ: Yeah.\n\nKREMER: There were people who remember Ku Klux Klan marching around. Do you\nremember that?\n\nARNOVITZ: That I remember.\n\nKREMER: Do you remember that? Do you remember that?\n\nARNOVITZ: Yes, I remember the Ku Klux, I remember the Ku Klux, Ku Klux, Ku\n\nKlux Klan more in ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/87900/file/181008#t=1110.0,1140.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/87900/file/181008/transcript/42831/annotation/39","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Quitman than I did here.\n\nKREMER: Oh, okay.\n\nARNOVITZ: In Quitman, they marched and I'm going to tell you, the people, the\n\nmerchants, the white merchants were so against them. In one place there, they\ntook out baseball bats and couldn't stop it. They were hitting them over the\nhead, they were hitting them and telling them, get off the streets.\n\nKREMER: Hitting who?\n\nARNOVITZ: The Ku Klux Klan were, .the white merchants were taking bat, baseball\nbats after them and hitting them and telling them get off the streets and stop\nmarching. They marched a lot in Quitman.\n\nKREMER: Did you know who they were?\n\nARNOVITZ: Yes.\n\nKREMER: Everyone knew who . . .\n\nARNOVITZ: Yes.\n\nKREMER: . . . they were.\n\nARNOVITZ: ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/87900/file/181008#t=1140.0,1170.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/87900/file/181008/transcript/42831/annotation/40","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"One of them and we found out later, was one person we used to trade\nwith. [Of] course we stopped trading with him. He used to sell some kind of\nmerchandise, I\n\nforgot, groceries, I think.\n\nKREMER: That's interesting that the town . . .\n\nARNOVITZ: Small . . .\n\nKREMER: . . . fought against them in Quitman.\n\nARNOVITZ: Oh, small towns were terrible with it.\n\nKREMER: What about Atlanta? Did you see them marching here or hear about it?\n\nARNOVITZ: Hear about it yes, there was a lot of burnings and all that, but I\ndidn't see them marching. Yeah, I did see them march too but I didn't, there\nwasn't as, being a bigger town, you didn't get it, but being a small town it was\nright there, you saw them.\n\nKREMER: ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/87900/file/181008#t=1170.0,1200.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/87900/file/181008/transcript/42831/annotation/41","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Did they pick on the Jews; did they bum crosses in the Jewish yards?\n\nARNOVITZ: No, they were in Quitman, they weren't with the Jews so much as they\nwere for the blacks. There was a lot of blacks in Quitman and that's why they\nburned. If they were for the Jews, they didn't bother us, let's put it like\nthat, but they did bother the blacks.\n\nKREMER: Did you have any lynchings there?\n\nARNOVITZ: Lynchings?\n\nKREMER: Yeah.\n\nARNOVITZ: Not that I know of, but they were here in Atlanta; I . . .\n\nKREMER: Did . . .\n\nARNOVITZ: . . . I used to hear of a lot of it in Atlanta.\n\nKREMER: Did you hear of people getting beaten up and that sort of thing?\n\nARNOVITZ: In Atlanta?\n\nKREMER: Or Quitman.\n\nARNOVITZ: I mean Quitman? No.\n\nKREMER: There wasn't a lot of ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/87900/file/181008#t=1200.0,1230.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/87900/file/181008/transcript/42831/annotation/42","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"physical violence there?\n\nARNOVITZ: No, all I saw was a lot of marching. They were threatened, they were\nthreatened by the white people, not by the blacks. They were threatened and they\nreally stopped marching after a while.\n\nKREMER: Not in Atlanta, the merchants didn't stand up to them.\n\nARNOVJTZ: No, if they did, I didn't see it. I couldn't see, I didn't see it if\nthey stood up to them.\n\nKREMER: Do you remember when they stopped marching here? Were you, were you\nhere, back here then?\n\nARNOVITZ: No, I . . .\n\nKREMER: No?\n\nARNOVTZ: I don't think so. I don't remember marching here, I remember reading\nabout them or talking about them, but I didn't see . . .\n\nKREMER: You were probably in Quitman . . .\n\nARNOVITZ: Yeah.\n\nKREMER: . . . ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/87900/file/181008#t=1230.0,1260.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/87900/file/181008/transcript/42831/annotation/43","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"when all that was going on.\n\nARNOVITZ: Yeah, that's right.\n\nKREMER: What about relationships of, were Jews on boards of civic things when\nyou were growing up here?\n\nARNOVITZ: Was I what?\n\nKREMER: Were Jews on the Board of Directors of civic organizations that you knew\nabout in either Quitman or here, in the early years?\n\nARNOVITZ: I don't really know. I know that they were not, I didn't know of\nanyone on\n\nany boards here. And in Quitman, there was nothing to be on. It was such a small\ntown, was there?\n\nKREMER: ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/87900/file/181008#t=1260.0,1290.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/87900/file/181008/transcript/42831/annotation/44","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Here, there, it was, I mean, it's a big city so . . .\n\nARNOVITZ: Yeah, this was a city, yeah, but now well they were, I'm sure they were,\n\nbut not as much as now, but we got some affluent people in the Jewish community\nhere that evidently was . . . the Reformed movement was, but I don't know, I\nreally don't know.\n\nKREMER: Okay, now when the Civil Rights Movement came which is when your kids\n\nwent to high school. If that's when they were interviewing, integrating the\nschools . . . what do you remember of Civil Rights activities in Quitman?\n\nARNOVITZ: I can remember ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/87900/file/181008#t=1290.0,1320.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/87900/file/181008/transcript/42831/annotation/45","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"the meetings they had at the schoolhouse and if one of\nthem get up and holler, \"We, we are not going to let them integrate, we are not\ngoing to do this.\" And I remember saying, \"Who's going to keep them from doing\nit?\" I mean after all, they were stronger, but they fought it, but there was no\nway, they couldn't run the school without it. That's when the private schools\nstarted opening up.\n\nKREMER: In Quitman too?\n\nARNOVITZ: In Valdosta. I don't recall one in Quitman but I know that down to\nValdosta, Thomasville had, they were adjoining counties.\n\nKREMER: You didn't ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/87900/file/181008#t=1320.0,1350.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/87900/file/181008/transcript/42831/annotation/46","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"send your kids there though.\n\nARNOVITZ: No! They finished where they were . . . first of all, they wouldn't\nhave gone anyway.\n\nKREMER: They what?\n\nARNOVITZ: They wouldn't have gone anyway, if I wanted them, they would have\nfought it. They were happy, they didn't bother them. They didn't grow up\nthinking well this one is black and that one is yellow and what they are. I\nasked him one, one time, how many black children in your room, I don't know. In\nother words, they didn't really realize the difference at all, which I'm glad to\nsay they didn't.\n\nKREMER: Integration occurred when they were in high school or before?\n\nARNOVITZ: The top one, ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/87900/file/181008#t=1350.0,1380.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/87900/file/181008/transcript/42831/annotation/47","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"well it must have been before the young ones were in high\nschool. Integration 1960, one he finished in 1962, think the young, maybe Myra\nwas still in high school, in grammar school. They were all in high school when\nintegration started.\n\nKREMER: What other civil rights activities went on in, in Quitman? What . . .\nwere their others? Yeah, I mean were they, I mean did you have a lunch counter\nthing, the bathroom thing, I mean what happened to change all that?\n\nARNOVITZ: It was everything, I think that the blacks actually were afraid to do\nanything, because they knew they couldn't sit in the ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/87900/file/181008#t=1380.0,1410.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/87900/file/181008/transcript/42831/annotation/48","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"lunchroom, they knew they couldn't use the bath, and they didn't try. There was nobody there strong enough to\npush to\n\ndo it. We never had any trouble; I mean nobody ever tried to do something they\nweren't supposed to do.\n\nKREMER: When, when did it change? I mean when, when did they start to, when did\nthey . . .\n\nARNOVITZ: They didn't.\n\nKREMER: It still isn't integrated?\n\nARNOVITZ: Oh now, now, oh now everything, everything is together now, I don't\nknow what they're doing. When I left, they were all together, they could go\nanywhere they wanted to, they could go to the shows. When I started . . .\n\nKREMER: Something had to happen.\n\nARNOVITZ: I don't know, if it did ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/87900/file/181008#t=1410.0,1440.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/87900/file/181008/transcript/42831/annotation/49","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"it, it just, it easily went on to it\nbecause I remember when at the movies when the blacks had to sit upstairs, and I\nnever remember them coming downstairs. I think that movie house maybe closed\nbefore they came down. They used to be upstairs. The lunch counters, well as I\nsay when I left in 1975, I don't remember any blacks being in the lunch counters\neven. I don't think they pushed themselves there to do it as much as they did in Atlanta.\n\nKREMER: If they didn't have any organization.\n\nARNOVITZ: That's right, there wasn't any . . .\n\nKREMER: If the preachers, if they didn't have any strong preachers or . . .\n\nARNOVITZ: They didn't have any ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/87900/file/181008#t=1440.0,1470.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/87900/file/181008/transcript/42831/annotation/50","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"strong black men, no affluent black people to\npush it. They just went along as it went.\n\nKREMER: That's interesting. You don't really know as far as it being different\nin Quitman and Atlanta because you were really living in Quitman during those years.\n\nARNOVITZ: That's right.\n\nKREMER: Did you get to Atlanta much?\n\nARNOVITZ: Yeah, I came.\n\nKREMER: Did you notice the difference in, in with the civil rights? Were things\ndifferent here than Quitman?\n\nARNOVITZ: Yeah, the difference ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/87900/file/181008#t=1470.0,1500.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/87900/file/181008/transcript/42831/annotation/51","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"is I know if you went to a restaurant there were\nblacks there too. If you went to the, I, well I didn't go to the show when I\ncame in, I just came to see the family, but when you went out, they rode on,\nwell you knew on the streetcars then, that they were not, they were mixed\nalready. They would sit forward. See in Quitman, you didn't have public\ntransportation, so you didn't see that.\n\nKREMER: How would you compare the two?\n\nARNOVITZ: What?\n\nKREMER: The two Quitman and Atlanta as far as general life in the different\nperiods that you lived. Because I mean you really had a ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/87900/file/181008#t=1500.0,1530.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/87900/file/181008/transcript/42831/annotation/52","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"real view of a small\ntown as a Jew and a minority and a big city . . .\n\nARNOVITZ: In Quitman there were so few of us Jews, we never thought about it\njust as Jews, we just mixed in. We belonged to the country club; we did\neverything they did; we went to the garden clubs. There weren't any just Jewish\norganizations other than Valdosta Hebrew Sisterhood, and Hadassah. In Quitman\nthere was nothing, it was just, we were just people. They didn't think of us as\nJews, and I don't think anybody in Quitman thought of us as Jews or ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/87900/file/181008#t=1530.0,1560.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/87900/file/181008/transcript/42831/annotation/53","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"different\nthan they are. When we came to Atlanta, that was a difference already.\n\nKREMER: When did you sell the family store in Quitman?\n\nARNOVITZ: When . . . ? After my husband died, we . . .\n\nKREMER: Did you just close it down or sell it?\n\nARNOVITZ: I sold it to a, his name was Karr [sp]. He was Jewish, he was from, I\nthink he was from Jacksonville. I had my son come, my son was attorney at that\ntime, he still is attorney. He came down and I had that store, it was three\nstores together, different stores and he closed them all up, and he sold them all.\n\nKREMER: ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/87900/file/181008#t=1560.0,1590.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/87900/file/181008/transcript/42831/annotation/54","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Now what were the three stores?\n\nARNOVITZ: There was a, one had, sold pecans and baked pecans, then I was at the\ndouble store, dry goods store and right behind was a automobile, you know\nautomobile parts and stuff like that.\n\nKREMER: Oh, so he, your family owned all those.\n\nARNOVITZ: Yeah, well we didn't run them, we just owned the buildings.\n\nKREMER: Oh, you just owned the buildings.\n\nARNOVITZ: The buildings!\n\nKREMER: You didn't own the business.\n\nARNOVITZ: No, we didn't own the business, we just owned the buildings.\n\nKREMER: You had real estate.\n\nARNOVITZ: Yeah, we just sold, we sold, we owned the ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/87900/file/181008#t=1590.0,1620.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/87900/file/181008/transcript/42831/annotation/55","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"business of the dry goods store.\n\nKREMER: I see.\n\nARNOVITZ: He sold them all, he just sold the whole . . .\n\nKREMER: Sold the buildings . . .\n\nARNOVITZ: Yeah, and then after I moved here, I sold my house. I had a, I wrote\nsomeone I knew that was moving to Atlanta from Washington and she bought the house.\n\nKREMER: You mean Quitman.\n\nARNOVITZ: I mean from, moving from Washington to Quitman . . . I wrote [to] her.\n\nKREMER: How did you find out? Did you know who the person was?\n\nARNOVITZ: Yeah.\n\nKREMER: Oh, I don't imagine there's not a big market for the [indistinct: 27:28] house.\n\nARNOVITZ: She was moving back; her husband had ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/87900/file/181008#t=1620.0,1650.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/87900/file/181008/transcript/42831/annotation/56","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"died, and they went, I'm trying\nto think what he died, what her name, maybe they went in the government service.\nI can't remember her name right now. I knew that she was coming back so I wrote\nand told her that I knew she was coming back and that my house was for sale, and\nshe bought it. It was just about three doors, four doors down from her parent's house.\n\nKREMER: That worked out. You have . . .\n\nARNOVITZ: Nothing.\n\nKREMER: . . . property interest or anything in Quitman now.\n\nARNOVITZ: No, not now, nothing.\n\nKREMER: Do you have any friends left there? It's been so long.\n\nARNOVITZ: I found out ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/87900/file/181008#t=1650.0,1680.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/87900/file/181008/transcript/42831/annotation/57","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"later I don't think there's any Jews left; they've all\nmoved. I've lost a couple of my non-Jewish friends that died since then. All the\nJews had moved away.\n\nKREMER: What about Valdosta? [indistinct: 28:09] . . . population?\n\nARNOVITZ: . . . some of them. They have a lot in Valdosta?\n\nKREMER: How many is a lot?\n\nARNOVITZ: A lot is a few thousand. I mean it's not, Quitman had no one, you know\nJews and I imagine there was a few thousand in, Jews in Quitman Valdosta.\n\nKREMER: Do you think that life was very different in Quitman than Valdosta\n\nbecause of the difference in . . .\n\nARNOVITZ: Oh sure, they led a Jewish ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/87900/file/181008#t=1680.0,1710.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/87900/file/181008/transcript/42831/annotation/58","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"life in Valdosta. They were, they had a lot of\n\npeople and they were together a lot. We went over, I went to Valdosta a lot\nbecause of\n\nthe Jewish, I went over and played . . . Mahjong over there; I played bridge\nover there and because Mahjong is definitely a Jewish game, so you didn't get\nanybody that played Mahjong and . . .\n\nKREMER: Now why is it a Jewish game? I don't . . .\n\nARNOVITZ: I don't, it's Chinese, it's really a Chinese game.\n\nKREMER: Yeah,\n\nARNOVITZ: You don't . . .\n\nKREMER: Yeah.\n\nARNOVITZ: . . . but you don't find anybody but the Jews that play it.\n\nKREMER: You know . . .\n\nARNOVITZ: Even here in Atlanta.\n\nKREMER: 1, you know I never thought about it.\n\nARNOVITZ: Even in Atlanta, there's nobody but ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/87900/file/181008#t=1710.0,1740.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/87900/file/181008/transcript/42831/annotation/59","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Jews play Mahjong.\n\nKREMER: Yeah, I just never thought about it.\n\nARNOVITZ: I have! Now I had one friend in Quitman that had a Mahjong set, and\nwhen she\n\nsaw it she didn't even know what it was . . . It was just handed down to her\nfrom somebody, but she never played it.\n\nKREMER: She probably didn't know how.\n\nARNOVITZ: She probably didn't know what it was until I told her what it was. The\n\nJewish life is different.\n\nKREMER: What kind of family social life did you have in Quitman? I mean . . .\n\nARNOVITZ: I was invited everywhere that the non-Jews ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/87900/file/181008#t=1740.0,1770.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/87900/file/181008/transcript/42831/annotation/60","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"were invited.\n\nKREMER: Okay, so, I mean, took the kids, you had parties.\n\nARNOVITZ: I had parties, everything, I had all the friends, I had friends, I was\n. . .\n\nKREMER: Did you play golf in the country club?\n\nARNOVITZ: I did not, they played, I could have, but I didn't play golf. I'm not\na golfer, but I had a regular, what, canasta. I had a regular canasta game every\nweek there. We played bridge one day a week and then with all, no Jews. I was\nthe only one that was Jewish.\n\nKREMER: Were you involved in the schools? You ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/87900/file/181008#t=1770.0,1800.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/87900/file/181008/transcript/42831/annotation/61","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"know PTA [Parent Teacher\nAssociation] . . .\n\nARNOVITZ: Yes . . .\n\nKREMER: . . . and that kind of thing . . . girl scouts, boy scouts?\n\nARNOVITZ: Cub scouts, I didn't do it, I did cub scouts, I didn't do girl scouts,\nbut I did cub scouts, and I was always with PTA. I worked diligently in the\nschool system. Having three children you had somebody in each school all the time.\n\nKREMER: None of your kids went to school in Atlanta?\n\nARNOVITZ: No.\n\nKREMER: I'll have that later.\n\nARNOVITZ: They stayed there until they went to college and then they came here.\n\nKREMER: Did you know anything about ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/87900/file/181008#t=1800.0,1830.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/87900/file/181008/transcript/42831/annotation/62","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Ballyhoo or any of those . . .\n\nARNOVITZ: No.\n\nKREMER: . . . dance things?\n\nARNOVITZ: No. I saw the, I saw the play here. You know he ran . . .\n\nKREMER: Right.\n\nARNOVITZ: . . . the Ballyhoo . . .\n\nKREMER: Right.\n\nARNOVITZ: That was really the Reformed I know that . . .\n\nKREMER: Oh, so you all didn't participate in Top Hat or . . . or any of that stuff?\n\nARNOVITZ: No, at that time, when I came along the Sephardic's the Ashkenazi's\n\nand the Reformed's were three different religions. They didn't mix at all.\n\nKREMER: Did you have something ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/87900/file/181008#t=1830.0,1860.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/87900/file/181008/transcript/42831/annotation/63","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"similar? Did you have an equivalent to those clubs?\n\nARNOVITZ: In Quitman?\n\nKREMER: No . . .\n\nARNOVITZ: Here?\n\nKREMER: . . . for the Conservative . . .\n\nARNOVITZ: Oh.\n\nKREMER: . . . community, I mean in other words, you may not have had Ballyhoo .\n. .\n\nARNOVITZ: No.\n\nKREMER: . . . but did you have something else?\n\nARNOVITZ: I don't remember it if we did.\n\nKREMER: Okay, because what it really was for was . . .\n\nARNOVITZ: Yeah.\n\nKREMER: . . . for Jewish boys and girls to meet each other to find spouses.\n\nARNOVITZ: Yeah, yeah.\n\nKREMER: That's really what it was all about. There was one in Birmingham . . .\n\nARNOVITZ: Yeah.\n\nKREMER: . . . and one, you know.\n\nARNOVITZ: Yeah, I don't remember anything being that way.\n\nKREMER: All right, you don't remember having any of ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/87900/file/181008#t=1860.0,1890.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/87900/file/181008/transcript/42831/annotation/64","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that. Were any of the clubs\nlike Mayfair and Progressive and all that going on when you . . .\n\nARNOVITZ: Oh sure.\n\nKREMER: . . . were here?\n\nARNOVITZ: Sure.\n\nKREMER: Did your family belong to any of those?\n\nARNOVITZ: Yes, yeah, my brothers belonged, mother and daddy didn't let's put it\nthat way, but my brother's did. I was already young, I didn't belong, I met him\nwhen I was, I met Henry when I was 23. My brother's belonged to the Standard\nClub and the Progressive Club. The Mayfair, the Mayfair was the first one. The\nMayfair, Progressive and the Standard. They belonged, something on the hill Standard.\n\nKREMER: I'd have to support ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/87900/file/181008#t=1890.0,1920.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/87900/file/181008/transcript/42831/annotation/65","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that. If we're going to keep it.\n\nARNOVITZ: It's so far away.\n\nKREMER: Right, right, okay, did you ever spend any time up north at all?\n\nARNOVITZ: No.\n\nKREMER: You would have no way of comparing being Jewish in the south and being\nJewish in the north?\n\nARNOVITZ: Not at all, only north I ever did was when I made a trip to visit\nsomebody. That wasn't very many time.\n\nKREMER: Did you travel much?\n\nARNOVITZ: I traveled a lot with my second husband. We traveled all the time, but\nas a young one, no I did not travel.\n\nKREMER: Did you ever go to ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/87900/file/181008#t=1920.0,1950.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/87900/file/181008/transcript/42831/annotation/66","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"camp? Okay, do you remember when Israel became a state?\n\nARNOVITZ: Yes, oh yeah, that I remember.\n\nKREMER: Let's see, you were in Valdosta then, I mean in Quitman then.\n\nARNOVITZ: Quitman then.\n\nKREMER: How did you react to it, how did people in the town really know or\nunderstand or did, was it like just a non-event?\n\nARNOVITZ: A non-event, that we knew when we went to Valdosta, when we get there\nwe knew when [indistinct: 32:55] we heard it all. Let's see, my husband was in\nthe service.\n\nKREMER: ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/87900/file/181008#t=1950.0,1980.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/87900/file/181008/transcript/42831/annotation/67","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Your first husband?\n\nARNOVITZ: Yeah.\n\nKREMER: He went to the war.\n\nARNOVITZ: Yes, he went to the war.\n\nKREMER: Where did he go?\n\nARNOVITZ: Okinawa [Japan].\n\nKREMER: Okinawa?\n\nARNOVITZ: He was on, in the Pacific. He was there two years I think. I know he\ncame home when my first son was . . . when my first child was born, he came in.\nHe had landed in Norfolk, Virginia and he came home, but after a week he had to\ngo back in the service and then he didn't come back in again for two years, when\nthe war was over.\n\nKREMER: ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/87900/file/181008#t=1980.0,2010.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/87900/file/181008/transcript/42831/annotation/68","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Do you remember hearing about the Holocaust atrocities during the time\nthat it was going on?\n\nARNOVITZ: We heard about it.\n\nKREMER: How did you hear about it?\n\nARNOVITZ: I imagine through different ones talking because there wasn't\ntelevision, there wasn't that television, it was just, as my son had asked me\nthe same thing the other day, what did we know. I said, \"But you got to\nunderstand, we didn't have the communication that we have today.\" You had to\nhear what other people said and what was brought out. If you went to the\nsynagogue, if you went to ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/87900/file/181008#t=2010.0,2040.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/87900/file/181008/transcript/42831/annotation/69","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"somewhere, you heard it. Other than that, you didn't\nknow it.\n\nKREMER: Did, was anybody trying to do anything about it, petition Washington,\njust . . .?\n\nARNOVITZ: That's no.\n\nKREMER: You said you lost family in it, that your family didn't hear from them anymore.\n\nARNOVITZ: Yeah.\n\nKREMER: That was . . .\n\nARNOVITZ: That was my daddy's, that was daddy's mother. That's the only ones I\nknow that was left over there, was daddy's mother and a sister. I heard daddy\nsay that. Anybody else I don't know.\n\nKREMER: You just knew you stopped hearing from them.\n\nARNOVITZ: We know we stopped hearing from them.\n\nKREMER: Okay, so it was sort of word of ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/87900/file/181008#t=2040.0,2070.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/87900/file/181008/transcript/42831/annotation/70","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"mouth through other Jewish people you heard\n\ntalking about it.\n\nARNOVITZ: That's right.\n\nKREMER: You found bits of information wherever they could find it.\n\nARNOVITZ: That's right, that's correct.\n\nKREMER: Okay.\n\nARNOVITZ: Because we didn't hear it otherwise.\n\nKREMER: It wasn't general conversation or . . .\n\nARNOVITZ: Oh yes, it was general conversation. Whenever you got among Jews,\nthat's what they talked about.\n\nKREMER: No, but I'm talking about in Quitman.\n\nARNOVITZ: Oh, in Quitman, no!\n\nKREMER: It was like they had . . .\n\nARNOVITZ: No.\n\nKREMER: . . . not a clue.\n\nARNOVITZ: Quitman knew nothing about it, I imagine they even knew it was going on.\n\nKREMER: Did you share any of that with your friends in Quitman?\n\nARNOVITZ: No, I think maybe I was not aware of it too ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/87900/file/181008#t=2070.0,2100.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/87900/file/181008/transcript/42831/annotation/71","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"much. I mean I was aware, but\n\nI didn't know enough about it to discuss it with them. I think a lot of it was I\ndidn't know how bad it was until it got, until the end.\n\nKREMER: You just sort of heard rumors but . . .\n\nARNOVITZ: Yeah.\n\nKREMER: . . . you didn't really know how bad . . .\n\nARNOVITZ: How bad everything was going.\n\nKREMER: Yeah, okay. Okay, so you, so you didn't feel the need to communicate with\n\nyour Quitman friends about it or you couldn't think of anything particular to do\nabout it.\n\nARNOVITZ: No, we didn't. Maybe it was Grace, this one friend of ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/87900/file/181008#t=2100.0,2130.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/87900/file/181008/transcript/42831/annotation/72","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"mine, we really\nconversed with it, but other than that I didn't. Now we raised money in Valdosta\nfor it, I still remember the money being raised there, but in Quitman . . .\n\nKREMER: Was this after the war?\n\nARNOVITZ: Yes, it had to have been after the war, because I was . . .\n\nKREMER: To raise money for the refugees?\n\nARNOVITZ: It had to be, it had to have been after the war because I wasn't in\nQuitman during the war, see I was here. I was here during the whole time until\nit was over with. I came home . . .\n\nKREMER: Okay.\n\nARNOVITZ: . . . to have Wayne.\n\nKREMER: Okay.\n\nARNOVITZ: I came home for the son, and I didn't go back until Jack came back out\nof the service.\n\nKREMER: How many years was that?\n\nARNOVITZ: How many years? ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/87900/file/181008#t=2130.0,2160.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/87900/file/181008/transcript/42831/annotation/73","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Two years.\n\nKREMER: Oh okay, so you were here two years?\n\nARNOVITZ: Yeah, I was here two years.\n\nKREMER: You would have access to more . . .\n\nARNOVITZ: No!\n\nKREMER: . . . Jewish community talk about it . . .\n\nARNOVITZ: I wouldn't know what they were doing there then. When I came, I didn't\ngo back at all then because I didn't have any way to get back. I was pregnant; I\ncame here pregnant with my first child. He was born here. See, Wayne was the\nonly one born here. He was born here. Then when Jack came out of service, he,\nWayne was two years old, and we went back to Quitman.\n\nKREMER: Who was running the store then?\n\nARNOVITZ: Wayne was my first son.\n\nKREMER: Right, but who was ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/87900/file/181008#t=2160.0,2190.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/87900/file/181008/transcript/42831/annotation/74","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"running the store back in Quitman when he was . . .\n\nARNOVITZ: His daddy! His daddy was still living.\n\nKREMER: Okay.\n\nARNOVITZ: The store was not, was not his at that time; it was his daddy's store.\n\nKREMER: Oh, I see. Okay, so then you had the couple years here and then you went\nback. Was it hard going back and forth like that, or it was just where your\nfamily was in both places?\n\nARNOVITZ: We got in the car, and we drove.\n\nKREMER: No, I don't mean hard in that sense, I mean the transition.\n\nARNOVITZ: Oh no, because the only time I came back here was to visit.\n\nKREMER: This is tape ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/87900/file/181008#t=2190.0,2220.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/87900/file/181008/transcript/42831/annotation/75","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"two of the interview with Ruth Hillam Lazarus Arnovitz by\nRay Ann Kremer. The date is September 26, 2006. A project of the William Breman\nHeritage Museum, originated by the American Jewish Committee with the support of\nthe National Council of Jewish Women, Atlanta chapter and the Atlanta Jewish\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/87900/file/181008#t=2220.0,2250.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/87900/file/181008/transcript/42831/annotation/76","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Federation. Ruth, we were talking about all the help you had, that was not\nexpensive, in raising your children and living. Did you have a cook?\n\nARNOVITZ: In Quitman Georgia? No.\n\nKREMER: No cook?\n\nARNOVITZ: I cooked, but they cleaned. They took care of the children. I have\nalways done my own cooking even until today. The help was so unreal, inexpensive\nthen. You had help for ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/87900/file/181008#t=2250.0,2280.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/87900/file/181008/transcript/42831/annotation/77","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"three dollars a week. Maybe then a extra dollar for the\nones that were coming in the afternoon\n\nand spent all afternoon with the children. Help was no problem. Cooking I did myself.\n\nKREMER: Did you do Jewish cooking?\n\nARNOVITZ: Yes! I kept kosher for as long as I could in Quitman. Then we lost our\nshecht. Daddy would send meat to me and it got so that he couldn't send it\nanymore, and I was ordering it out of Savannah. No, I started out with\nJacksonville, and then they passed a law fresh meat couldn't be shipped across\nthe town, ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/87900/file/181008#t=2280.0,2310.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/87900/file/181008/transcript/42831/annotation/78","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"state line, county lines. Then I started ordering it out of Savannah.\nThe food I got was not edible. At that time, I switched over gradually by\ncooking outside on the grill and all until you get . . . and then, so I kept\nkosher most of the time that I was in Quitman.\n\nKREMER: That was pretty unusual. Were you the only Jewish person in Quitman that\nkept kosher or did . . . ?\n\nARNOVITZ: No, my, my mother-in-law, father-in-law kept kosher, and he had a\nbell; at that time there were not home ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/87900/file/181008#t=2310.0,2340.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/87900/file/181008/transcript/42831/annotation/79","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"freezers you know. He had no, the freezer\nplant, he had a community. It's in the ice plant they had a freezer and he owned\none so we could keep our meat in the freezer there.\n\nKREMER: You couldn't get it in Atlanta and bring it back in a cooler or something?\n\nARNOVITZ: Daddy sent it from Atlanta . . .\n\nKREMER: Okay.\n\nARNOVITZ: . . . as long as he could.\n\nKREMER: Okay.\n\nARNOVITZ: I don't remember why daddy, it got to be a, something he couldn't do.\n\nHe used to send it with dry ice from Atlanta. Then after a while the Valdosta,\nthe grocery stores would carry the kosher ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/87900/file/181008#t=2340.0,2370.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/87900/file/181008/transcript/42831/annotation/80","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"chicken. You could get the kosher\nchicken but then it got so I didn't keep it for a while. I mean I didn't buy\njust \"tref' meat but I didn't keep kosher . . .\n\nKREMER: Okay so you don't keep kosher now.\n\nARNOVITZ: Oh yeah!\n\nKREMER: Oh, you do.\n\nARNOVITZ: I came back to Atlanta; I kept kosher. Yeah, I keep kosher now.\n\nKREMER: It's a lot easier.\n\nARNOVITZ: It's a lot easier, well to begin with Morris kept a kosher house. I\n\ndefinitely would.\n\nKREMER: I don't think you told me how you met Morris.\n\nARNOVITZ: To begin with Morris, I knew Morris all my life to begin with, but we\n\ndidn't date as young, as teenagers. When ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/87900/file/181008#t=2370.0,2400.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/87900/file/181008/transcript/42831/annotation/81","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"his first wife died in October, mother\ndied in November so when he was sitting shiva instead of going, I mean not\nsitting shiva, but when he was going for kaddish he'd come to us where we were\nsitting shiva. He had asked me to go out, and I, he didn't even know my whole\nname at that time, but anyway we dated, it was in December we dated, and we\nmarried in April.\n\nKREMER: Okay so and . . .\n\nARNOVITZ: I'd known him all along,\n\nKREMER: Yeah.\n\nARNOVITZ: Let's see, my parents were godparents to his oldest brother.\n\nKREMER: He had ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/87900/file/181008#t=2400.0,2430.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/87900/file/181008/transcript/42831/annotation/82","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"children too.\n\nARNOVITZ: Oh yes, he had grandchildren. I had a lot of, his children, you know\nwho his children are.\n\nKREMER: Who are all his children?\n\nARNOVITZ: Elliott Arnovitz, Susan Plaster, then he has a daughter in Birmingham,\nJudy Rosenstreich and each one of them had their children and then they got\ngreat grand, and Susan has grandchildren so that's great-grandchildren. Yes, I\nhave a bunch of them.\n\nKREMER: You do.\n\nARNOVITZ: I have, he's got a big family.\n\nKREMER: Okay, all right, well I have to tell you, this has been really ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/87900/file/181008#t=2430.0,2460.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/87900/file/181008/transcript/42831/annotation/83","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"lovely.\nYou're a\n\ngood interviewee . . .\n\nARNOVITZ: I hope . . .\n\nKREMER: . . . and I enjoyed it, I learned a lot, and thank-you so much on behalf\nof the\n\nBremen Museum.\n\nARNOVITZ: I hope . . .\n\nKREMER: You had a cousin in Quitman.\n\nARNOVITZ: Yeah, was Lily Solomon from here, it was my first cousin. She married\nHenry Taylor who lived in Quitman. She married in January of 1941, and I married\nin February of 1941. We met, I think we met at the same time. I mean she met\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/87900/file/181008#t=2460.0,2490.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/87900/file/181008/transcript/42831/annotation/84","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Henry at the same time I met Jack. She lived there and then when I moved here,\nshe . . .then she later on moved to Tampa [Florida], where her children, in\nTampa. She passed away this year. We were first cousins.\n\nKREMER: It's so interesting that there's just nobody left there.\n\nARNOVITZ: There's no Jewish people . . .\n\nKREMER: Yeah.\n\nARNOVITZ: . . . left there. No, there's no Jewish people, all of them are gone.\n\nKREMER: Well . . .\n\nARNOVITZ: Either they died out or they moved away, I remember something on that\n\nKREMER: What?\n\nARNOVITZ: The Kalins [sp], she was a Mantis [sp] from here. I don't know if you\n\nknow them. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/87900/file/181008#t=2490.0,2520.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/87900/file/181008/transcript/42831/annotation/85","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Anyway...\n\nKREMER: Is that Eve Mantis's family?\n\nARNOVITZ: Who?\n\nKREMER: Eve Mantis [sp] who had art galleries; is that her family. . . ? Oh okay.\n\nARNOVITZ: They had fur, furriers, they had, they had fur shops, they carried\nfurs and altered furs and all that. Anyway, she lived there and they . . .\n\nKREMER: Now she lived in Quitman?\n\nARNOVITZ: . . . Quitman, and they both died, she and her husband are both gone.\n\nKREMER: What did they do in Quitman?\n\nARNOVITZ: Had a store like we did, on the same street.\n\nKREMER: Did most of the Jews there have stores?\n\nARNOVITZ: That's the only thing they had. Except the last ones I said that came\nin from the ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/87900/file/181008#t=2520.0,2550.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/87900/file/181008/transcript/42831/annotation/86","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"pajama plant, pajama plant. Pajama plant was in Quitman. It was a\nbranch of one that was a shirt factory. They were owned by the same people in\nValdosta, Dinnerman [sp] and . . .\n\nKREMER: Were they Jewish?\n\nARNOVITZ: Yeah.\n\nKREMER: Dinnerman?\n\nARNOVITZ: Yeah, they were Jewish. I think they're still there.\n\nKREMER: Do they still have the factories?\n\nARNOVITZ: No, they sold the pajama factory in Atlanta. I mean, Atlanta, in\n\nQuitman. I don't think the shirt, I really don't know but I believe the shirt\nfactory is still going on in Valdosta. I haven't heard anybody say that it's\ngone; I didn't ask but I haven't heard.\n\nKREMER: So much ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/87900/file/181008#t=2550.0,2580.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/87900/file/181008/transcript/42831/annotation/87","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"of that kind of manufacturing is going on in Asia.\n\nARNOVITZ: I don't know whether it's there or not. Quitman, Valdosta has grown in\nleaps and bounds where [as] Quitman has shrunk. This one friend of mine, he's\npassed away, non-Jewish, she said you could roll a bowling down the main street\non Saturday night and you wouldn't hit a soul. It's really . . .\n\nKREMER: There's no movie theater now?\n\nARNOVITZ: There's nothing there now.\n\nKREMER: No bowling alley?\n\nKREMER: Nothing.\n\nARNOVITZ: I think some restaurants there, I think they got one motel. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/87900/file/181008#t=2580.0,2610.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/87900/file/181008/transcript/42831/annotation/88","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"It's a\ndying city. My father-in-law used to tell the story [of] when the railroad came\nthrough, railroads wanted to come through, they wanted to come through Quitman.\nYou got to understand . . .\n\nKREMER: They wanted to come through Quitman?\n\nARNOVITZ: . . . you got to understand Quitman was a society town then you know.\n\nKREMER: No, I didn't know.\n\nARNOVITZ: Yeah, Quitman was a, we don't want that smoky thing coming through our\ntown, so it went through Valdosta. When I was there still they wanted to build a\nnaval hospital there, we don't want those soldiers laying all over our\ncourthouse square. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/87900/file/181008#t=2610.0,2640.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/87900/file/181008/transcript/42831/annotation/89","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"This was the society. They didn't want that stuff there. When\nthey forming, they formed a Chamber of Commerce while I was in Quitman. I forgot\nabout that, it wasn't any longer than that. When they formed the Chamber of\nCommerce, they put the foot down then, but it was almost too late, to try to get\nthings to come in. The . . .\n\nKREMER: What did the society quote people who . . .\n\nARNOVITZ: What did they do?\n\nKREMER: . . . yes, what kind of, what, how did they earn their livings?\n\nARNOVITZ: I don't know what they did.\n\nKREMER: Were they the bankers?\n\nARNOVITZ: Yeah, they were the ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/87900/file/181008#t=2640.0,2670.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/87900/file/181008/transcript/42831/annotation/90","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"bankers, and they were the, the country club\npeople they were the . . .\n\nKREMER: Yeah, but how did they earn their money?\n\nARNOVITZ: Let me stop and think of some of them there . . . they were the\nbankers . . . what did the Garretts do I'm thinking of people who they are; I'm\ntrying to think what they did do, the Garretts [sp]. I don't know, they were\njust the rich folks there but what they did I don't\n\n know.\n\nKREMER: I mean if they were rich at, and they're . . .\n\nARNOVITZ: They, maybe they had a business elsewhere. They were just living\nthere, that's what I think. No, there was no business there. There was nothing\nthere so they couldn't have been there. They had to have it, business either\nThomasville or Valdosta somewhere . . .\n\nKREMER: ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/87900/file/181008#t=2670.0,2700.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/87900/file/181008/transcript/42831/annotation/91","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"How far was Thomasville?\n\nARNOVITZ: 28 miles. Quitman, Valdosta was 17 miles.\n\nKREMER: What's in Thomasville?\n\nARNOVITZ: Oh, there's a big hospital . . .\n\nKREMER: They got the hospital you all didn't get . . .\n\nARNOVITZ: We got a hospital, we had a hospital in Quitman,\n\nKREMER: Oh.\n\nARNOVITZ: . . . In Atlanta, in Quitman.\n\nKREMER: Quitman.\n\nARNOVITZ: On my, which child, it must, two of my children were born in Quitman.\nThe last two were born in Quitman hospital.\n\nKREMER: They had doctors and all the specialties . . .\n\nARNOVITZ: Yeah.\n\nKREMER: It was big enough for that.\n\nARNOVITZ: Wee had the doctors, W had good doctors there. [indistinct: 45:28] why\nanybody would live in Quitman.\n\nKREMER: You wanted to live in ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/87900/file/181008#t=2700.0,2730.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/87900/file/181008/transcript/42831/annotation/92","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Quitman.\n\nARNOVITZ: I didn't want to be there, I . . . but, Quitman was nothing, I mean,\nwhat was the activity, of course what we did, what, if you went out to eat or\nyou played cards or you played\n\nMahjong. Jack stayed in the business, I didn't, I didn't there, I didn't go, in\nother words the only time I went in is a holiday or something, holiday or maybe\na Saturday I . . .\n\nKREMER: What did your kids do for fun?\n\nARNOVITZ: Who?\n\nKREMER: Your kids.\n\nARNOVITZ: I don't know, well they had, they were busy all the time to do what\nevery, all the other kids ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/87900/file/181008#t=2730.0,2760.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/87900/file/181008/transcript/42831/annotation/93","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"do. Of course, they had Young Judean, Young Judea.\n\nKREMER: In Quitman?\n\nARNOVITZ: Valdosta.\n\nKREMER: Oh.\n\nARNOVITZ: Everybody went to Valdosta.\n\nKREMER: Oh, okay.\n\nARNOVITZ: We were, we took them to Valdosta most, until they able to drive, but they\n\nwere just about gone about the time they started driving. My husband used to\ntake them to Valdosta for everything and he'd come home, and I'd have dinner\nready for them when\n\nthey came back.\n\nKREMER: Interesting.\n\nARNOVITZ: It wasn't any fun living in Quitman, believe me.\n\nKREMER: It's . . .\n\nARNOVITZ: It was . . .\n\nKREMER: . . . a very typical small . . .\n\nARNOVITZ: . . . town.\n\nKREMER: . . . southern town.\n\nARNOVITZ: Yeah, town, nothing.\n\nKREMER: ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/87900/file/181008#t=2760.0,2790.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/87900/file/181008/transcript/42831/annotation/94","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"One of the reasons those towns are dying is because people don't want to\nlive in them anymore.\n\nARNOVITZ: That's right. You got . . .\n\nKREMER: They all want to come to Atlanta.\n\nARNOVITZ: The kids get out of high school, and they go to, and they leave. They all\n\nleave, even my non-Jewish friends. Their children don't stay there, they be\ngone. They still write to me but they're in different places. They didn't stay\nthere, there's nothing in Quitman to keep them there.\n\nKREMER: Unless you have a business. You were lucky to be able to sell yours.\n\nARNOVITZ: The same thing that find somebody that wanted to sell, I hadn't been\nto Quitman in a long, there's a lot of antique shops there now. It's not\nanything they sell, the big ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/87900/file/181008#t=2790.0,2820.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/87900/file/181008/transcript/42831/annotation/95","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"stores closed up.\n\nKREMER: Interesting.\n\nARNOVITZ: A few drug stores, restaurants and antique shops; have a big\ncourthouse, square and a library there, a big, the library turned into a museum\nbecause I keep getting letters from them, wanting money.\n\nKREMER: All right, well I'm going to thank you again. See we fished around and\ncame up with all kinds of other things.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/87900/file/181008#t=2820.0,2850.0"}]},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/87900/file/181008/annotation_set/1033","type":"AnnotationPage","label":{"en":["Arnovitz, Ruth [Transcript]"]},"items":[{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/87900/file/181008/annotation_set/1033/annotation/96","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe William Breman Jewish Heritage Museum in Atlanta celebrates and commemorates Jewish history, culture, and art through events and museum spaces. The Breman also contains the Cuba Family Archives for Southern Jewish History, which houses thousands of manuscripts, oral histories, and photograph collections, related to southern Jewish history and the Holocaust.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/87900/file/181008#t=0.0,30.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/87900/file/181008/annotation_set/1033/annotation/97","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe American Jewish Committee (AJC) was founded in 1906 to safeguard the welfare and security of Jews worldwide. It is one of the oldest Jewish advocacy organizations in the United States.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/87900/file/181008#t=0.0,30.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/87900/file/181008/annotation_set/1033/annotation/98","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe National Council of Jewish Women is an organization of volunteers and advocates who turn progressive ideals into advocacy and philanthropy inspired by Jewish values. They strive to improve the quality of life for women, children, and families.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/87900/file/181008#t=0.0,30.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/87900/file/181008/annotation_set/1033/annotation/99","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eRussia is a transcontinental country spanning Eastern Europe and Northern Asia.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/87900/file/181008#t=30.0,60.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/87900/file/181008/annotation_set/1033/annotation/100","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003ePoland is a country located in Central Europe.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/87900/file/181008#t=30.0,60.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/87900/file/181008/annotation_set/1033/annotation/101","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eA synagogue.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/87900/file/181008#t=150.0,180.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/87900/file/181008/annotation_set/1033/annotation/102","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eAhavath Achim Synagogue (often referred to as \"AA\") was founded as an Orthodox congregation in 1887 in a small room on Gilmer Street. In 1901 they moved to a permanent building at the corner of Piedmont Avenue and Gilmer Street. In 1921, the congregation constructed a synagogue at Washington Street and Woodward Avenue. It joined the Conservative movement in 1952. The final service in the Washington Street building was held in 1958 to make way for construction of the Downtown Connector (the concurrent section of Interstate 75 and Interstate 85 through Atlanta). The synagogue moved to its current location on Peachtree Battle Avenue in 1958. As of 2022, Ahavath Achim is the largest Conservative synagogue in the Atlanta area and its current Senior Rabbi is Laurence Rosenthal.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/87900/file/181008#t=180.0,210.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/87900/file/181008/annotation_set/1033/annotation/103","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eClark Atlanta University is a private, Methodist, historically black research university in Atlanta, Georgia, established in 1865.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/87900/file/181008#t=360.0,390.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/87900/file/181008/annotation_set/1033/annotation/104","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eHill Manufacturing Company is a manufacturing company for maintenance formulations, including aerosols, lubricants, industrial deodorants and cleaning products. The company was founded in 1930 in Atlanta, Georgia.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/87900/file/181008#t=420.0,450.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/87900/file/181008/annotation_set/1033/annotation/105","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eCommercial High School began as a department of Girls’ High School in 1889 for girls who wanted to learn business skills. They taught bookkeeping, typing, math and history. It expanded to a four-story brick building on Pryor Street, and in 1910 became Atlanta’s first coed high school. It closed in June 1947.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/87900/file/181008#t=450.0,480.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/87900/file/181008/annotation_set/1033/annotation/106","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eYoung Judaea is a peer-led Zionist youth movement founded in 1909 for Jewish youth in grades 2–12. Its programs include youth clubs, conventions, summer camps and Israel programs that provide experiential programming through which Jewish youth and young adults build meaningful relationships with their peers, emphasize social action, and develop a lifelong commitment to Jewish life, the Jewish people, and Israel.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/87900/file/181008#t=480.0,510.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/87900/file/181008/annotation_set/1033/annotation/107","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eHebrew for “daughter of commandments.” A rite of passage for Jewish girls aged 12 years and one day according to her Hebrew birthday. Many girls have their bat mitzvah around age 13, the same as boys who have their bar mitzvah at that age. The bat mitzvah girl is now duty bound to keep the commandments. Synagogue ceremonies are held for bat mitzvah girls in Reform and Conservative communities, but it has not won the approval of Orthodox rabbis. \u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/87900/file/181008#t=510.0,540.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/87900/file/181008/annotation_set/1033/annotation/108","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eConfirmation is a coming-of-age ritual that originated in the Reform movement, which scorned the idea that at 13 years of age a child was an adult. They replaced bar and bat mitzvah with a confirmation ceremony at about age 16 to 18. In some Conservative synagogues the confirmation concept has been adopted as a way to continue and child’s Jewish education and involvement for a few more years.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/87900/file/181008#t=510.0,540.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/87900/file/181008/annotation_set/1033/annotation/109","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eGeorgia State University is a public research university in Atlanta, Georgia, founded in 1913.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/87900/file/181008#t=600.0,630.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/87900/file/181008/annotation_set/1033/annotation/110","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eA bar mitzvah [Hebrew: son of commandments; plural: b’nai mitzvah] is a rite of passage for Jewish boys aged 13 years and one day. At that time, a Jewish boy is considered a responsible adult for most religious purposes. He is now duty-bound to keep the commandments, he puts on tefillin, and may be counted to the minyan quorum for public worship. He celebrates the bar mitzvah by being called up to the reading of the Torah in the synagogue, usually on the next available Sabbath after his Hebrew birthday.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/87900/file/181008#t=600.0,630.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/87900/file/181008/annotation_set/1033/annotation/111","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe Atlanta Jewish Community Center was officially founded in 1910, as the Jewish Educational Alliance. In the late 1940s it evolved into the Atlanta Jewish Community Center and moved to Peachtree Street. It stayed there until 1998, when the building was sold and the center moved to the suburb of Dunwoody. In 2000, it was renamed the “Marcus Jewish Community Center of Atlanta.”\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/87900/file/181008#t=660.0,690.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/87900/file/181008/annotation_set/1033/annotation/112","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe Georgia Institute of Technology (Georgia Tech) is a public research university and institute of technology in Atlanta, Georgia, established in 1885.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/87900/file/181008#t=840.0,870.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/87900/file/181008/annotation_set/1033/annotation/113","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eEmory University is a private research university in Atlanta, Georgia, founded in 1836.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/87900/file/181008#t=870.0,900.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/87900/file/181008/annotation_set/1033/annotation/114","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eColumbia University is a private Ivy League research university in New York City, established in 1754. \u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/87900/file/181008#t=870.0,900.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/87900/file/181008/annotation_set/1033/annotation/115","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eUniversity of Missouri is a public land-grant research university in Columbia, Missouri, founded in 1839.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/87900/file/181008#t=870.0,900.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/87900/file/181008/annotation_set/1033/annotation/116","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eAugusta University is a public research university and academic medical center in Augusta, Georgia, established in 1828.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/87900/file/181008#t=870.0,900.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/87900/file/181008/annotation_set/1033/annotation/117","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eBoston University in a private research university in Boston, Massachusetts, founded in 1839.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/87900/file/181008#t=870.0,900.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/87900/file/181008/annotation_set/1033/annotation/118","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eNorthwestern University is a private research university in Evanston, Illinois, founded in 1851.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/87900/file/181008#t=870.0,900.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/87900/file/181008/annotation_set/1033/annotation/119","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eAntisemitism is prejudice against, hostility to, or hatred of Jews.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/87900/file/181008#t=1050.0,1080.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/87900/file/181008/annotation_set/1033/annotation/120","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eLeo Max Frank (1884-1915) was a Jewish factory superintendent in Atlanta, Georgia. In 1913, he was accused of raping and murdering one of his employees, a 13-year-old girl named Mary Phagan, whose body was found on the premises of the National Pencil Company. Frank was arrested, tried, convicted and sentenced to death for her murder. The trial was the catalyst for a great outburst of antisemitism led by the populist Tom Watson and the center of powerful class and political interests. Frank was sent to Milledgeville State Penitentiary to await his execution. Governor John M. Slaton, believing there had been a miscarriage of justice, commuted Frank’s sentence to life in prison. This enraged a group of men who styled themselves the “Knights of Mary Phagan.” They drove to the prison, kidnapped Frank from his cell and drove him to Marietta, Georgia where they lynched him. Many years later, the murderer was revealed to be Jim Conley, who had lied in the trial, pinning it on Frank instead. Frank was pardoned on March 11, 1986, although they stopped short of exonerating him.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/87900/file/181008#t=1050.0,1080.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/87900/file/181008/annotation_set/1033/annotation/121","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe Ku Klux Klan (or “Knights of the Ku Klux Klan” today) is a white supremacist, white nationalist, anti-immigration, anti-Jewish, anti-Catholic, anti-Black secret society, whose methods have included terrorism and murder. It was founded in the South in the 1860s and then died out and come back several times, most notably in the 1920s when membership soared again, and then again in the 1960s during the civil rights era. When the Klan was re-founded in 1915 in Georgia, the event was marked by a cross burning on Stone Mountain. In the past it members dressed up in white robes and a pointed hat designed to hide their identity and to terrify. It is still in existence.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/87900/file/181008#t=1110.0,1140.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/87900/file/181008/annotation_set/1033/annotation/122","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe American Civil Rights Movement encompasses social movements in the United States whose goal was to end racial segregation and discrimination against Black Americans and enforce constitutional voting rights to them. The movement was characterized by major campaigns of civil resistance. Between 1955 and 1968, acts of nonviolent protest and civil disobedience produced crisis situations between activists and government authorities. Noted legislative achievements during this phase of the Civil Rights Movement were passage of the Civil Rights Act of 1964, the Voting Rights Act of 1965, the Immigration and Nationality Services Act of 1965, and the Fair Housing Act of 1968.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/87900/file/181008#t=1290.0,1320.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/87900/file/181008/annotation_set/1033/annotation/123","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eValdosta Hebrew Congregation was formed in the late 19th century in Valdosta, Georgia as an Orthodox Congregation.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/87900/file/181008#t=1530.0,1560.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/87900/file/181008/annotation_set/1033/annotation/124","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eHadassah, the Women’s Zionist Organization of America, is a volunteer service organization founded in 1912 by Henrietta Szold. It currently has over 300,000 members and supporters worldwide. \u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/87900/file/181008#t=1530.0,1560.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/87900/file/181008/annotation_set/1033/annotation/125","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eMahjong is a tile-based game that was developed during the Qing dynasty in China and has spread throughout the world since the early 20th century. It is commonly played by four players. Mahjong is a game of skill, strategy, and calculation and it involves a degree of chance.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/87900/file/181008#t=1710.0,1740.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/87900/file/181008/annotation_set/1033/annotation/126","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe Parent Teacher Association (PTA) is a national organization with affiliations in local schools throughout the United States composed of parents, teachers and staff, and devoted to the educational success of children and the promotion of parent involvement in schools.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/87900/file/181008#t=1800.0,1830.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/87900/file/181008/annotation_set/1033/annotation/127","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eGirl Scouts of the United States of America is a youth organization for girls in the U.S. and American girls living abroad that was founded in 1912 with the goal of empowering girls.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/87900/file/181008#t=1800.0,1830.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/87900/file/181008/annotation_set/1033/annotation/128","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe Boy Scouts of America is a scouting organization and youth organization founded in 1910. \u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/87900/file/181008#t=1800.0,1830.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/87900/file/181008/annotation_set/1033/annotation/129","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eBallyhoo was the name of a social party for upper-middle class Reform Jewish young adults (high school to college age) held annually in Atlanta, Georgia. The event attracted young people from all over the Southeast to meet boys and girls from other cities.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/87900/file/181008#t=1830.0,1860.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/87900/file/181008/annotation_set/1033/annotation/130","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eSephardic Jews are the Jews of Spain, Portugal, North Africa, and the Middle East, and their descendants. The adjective “Sephardic” and corresponding nouns Sephardi (singular) and Sephardim (plural) are derived from the Hebrew word Sepharad, which refers to Spain. Historically, the vernacular language of Sephardic Jews was Ladino, a Romance language derived from Old Spanish, incorporating elements from the old Romance languages of the Iberian Peninsula, Hebrew, Aramaic, and in the lands receiving those who were exiled, Ottoman Turkish, Arabic, Greek, Bulgarian, and Serbo-Croatian vocabulary.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/87900/file/181008#t=1830.0,1860.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/87900/file/181008/annotation_set/1033/annotation/131","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eAshkenazi Jews [also known as Ashkenazic Jews or Ashkenazim] are Jews who originally lived in northern and eastern Europe. They once lived in the area of Rhineland and France and after the crusades they moved to Poland, Lithuania and Russia. In the 17th century, avoiding persecution, many Jews moved to and settled in Western Europe. As of 2018, Ashkenazim account for about 75% of the world's Jewish population.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/87900/file/181008#t=1830.0,1860.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/87900/file/181008/annotation_set/1033/annotation/132","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eAlso known as Masorti Judaism, Conservative Judaism is a form of Judaism that seeks to preserve Jewish tradition and ritual, but has a more flexible approach to the interpretation of the law than Orthodox Judaism. It attempts to combine a positive attitude toward modern culture, while preserving a commitment to Jewish observance. In general, Conservative congregations also observe gender equality (mixed seating, women rabbis, and bat mitzvah). The governing body for Conservative Judaism in the United States is the United Synagogue of Conservative Judaism (USCJ), formerly known as the United Synagogue of America.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/87900/file/181008#t=1860.0,1890.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/87900/file/181008/annotation_set/1033/annotation/133","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe Standard Club is a Jewish social club that started as the “Concordia Association” in 1867 in Downtown Atlanta. In 1905, it was reorganized as the “Standard Club” and moved into the former mansion of William C. Sanders near the site of Center Parc Credit Union Stadium (formerly Turner Field). In the late 1920s the club moved to Ponce de Leon Avenue in Midtown Atlanta. Later, the club moved to what is now the Lenox Park business park and was located there until 1983. In the 1980s, the club moved to its present location in Johns Creek in Atlanta’s northern suburbs.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/87900/file/181008#t=1890.0,1920.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/87900/file/181008/annotation_set/1033/annotation/134","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe Progressive Club was a Jewish social organization in Atlanta, Georgia. It was established in 1913 by Russian Jews who felt unwelcome at the Standard Club, where German Jews were predominant. At first the club was located in a rented house until a new club was built on Pryor Street including a swimming pool and a gym. In 1940 the club opened a larger facility at 1050 Techwood Drive in Midtown with three swimming pools, tennis, and softball. In 1976 the club moved north to 1160 Moore’s Mill Road near Interstate 75. The property was eventually sold to the YMCA as the club faced financial challenges. The Carl E. Sanders Family YMCA at Buckhead, which stands on the former site of the Progressive Club, opened in 1996.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/87900/file/181008#t=1890.0,1920.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/87900/file/181008/annotation_set/1033/annotation/135","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe Mayfair Club was a defunct Jewish social club that was located on Spring Street in Atlanta, Georgia.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/87900/file/181008#t=1890.0,1920.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/87900/file/181008/annotation_set/1033/annotation/136","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eWorld War II (abbreviated WWII or WW2) was a global war involving fighting in most of the world and most countries. Most countries fought in the years 1939–1945 but some started fighting in 1937. Most of the world's countries, including all the great powers, fought as part of two military alliances: the Allies and the Axis Powers. World War II was the largest and deadliest conflict in all of history. It involved more countries, cost more money, involved more people, and killed more people than any other war in history. Between 50 to 85 million people died. The majority were civilians. It included massacres, the deliberate genocide of the Holocaust, strategic bombing, starvation, disease, and the only use of nuclear weapons against civilians in history.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/87900/file/181008#t=1980.0,2010.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/87900/file/181008/annotation_set/1033/annotation/137","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eOkinawa is a Japanese prefecture comprising of 150+ islands.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/87900/file/181008#t=1980.0,2010.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/87900/file/181008/annotation_set/1033/annotation/138","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe systematic, government-sponsored attempt by the German Nazi government to annihilate the Jews of Europe between 1939 and 1945, which resulted in the deaths of 6,000,000 Jews.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/87900/file/181008#t=2010.0,2040.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/87900/file/181008/annotation_set/1033/annotation/139","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eKashrut is a set of dietary laws dealing with the foods that Jews are permitted to eat and how those foods must be prepared according to Jewish law. Food that may be consumed is deemed kosher, from the Ashkenazi pronunciation of the Hebrew term kashér, meaning \"fit\" (in this context, \"fit for consumption\"). In colloquial English, kosher often means \"legitimate,\" \"acceptable,\" \"permissible,\" \"genuine,\" or \"authentic.\"\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/87900/file/181008#t=2280.0,2310.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/87900/file/181008/annotation_set/1033/annotation/140","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eTerefah [tref] Is any food, food product, or utensil that is not ritually clean or prepared according to Jewish dietary laws, which makes it unfit for Jewish use.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/87900/file/181008#t=2370.0,2400.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/87900/file/181008/annotation_set/1033/annotation/141","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eA chamber of commerce is a local association to promote and protect the interests of the business community in a particular town or state.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/87900/file/181008#t=2640.0,2670.0"}]},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/87900/file/181008/index/53055","type":"AnnotationPage","label":{"en":["Arnovitz, Ruth [Index]"]},"items":[{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/87900/file/181008/index/53055/annotation/142","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Family History ","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Title"]}}],"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/87900/file/181008#t=36.0,474.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/87900/file/181008/index/53055/annotation/143","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Ruth, I like to go as far back as I can with what you remember of your parents.\n\n","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Partial Transcript"]}}],"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/87900/file/181008#t=36.0,474.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/87900/file/181008/index/53055/annotation/144","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Ahavath Achim Synagogue","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Atlanta, Georgia","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Europe","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Immigration","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}}],"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/87900/file/181008#t=36.0,474.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/87900/file/181008/index/53055/annotation/145","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Upbringing in Atlanta, Georgia ","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Title"]}}],"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/87900/file/181008#t=474.0,654.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/87900/file/181008/index/53055/annotation/146","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Where did you go to school here?","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Partial Transcript"]}}],"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/87900/file/181008#t=474.0,654.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/87900/file/181008/index/53055/annotation/147","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Atlanta, Georgia","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Commercial High School","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Confirmation","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Young Judea Club","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}}],"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/87900/file/181008#t=474.0,654.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/87900/file/181008/index/53055/annotation/148","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Moving to Quitman, Georgia ","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Title"]}}],"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/87900/file/181008#t=654.0,1051.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/87900/file/181008/index/53055/annotation/149","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Then I met Jack, my first husband, on a visit to Valdosta.","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Partial Transcript"]}}],"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/87900/file/181008#t=654.0,1051.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/87900/file/181008/index/53055/annotation/150","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Marcus Jewish Community Center of Atlanta","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Quitman, Georgia","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Valdosta, Georgia","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}}],"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/87900/file/181008#t=654.0,1051.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/87900/file/181008/index/53055/annotation/151","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Antisemitism and Civil Rights","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Title"]}}],"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/87900/file/181008#t=1051.0,1520.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/87900/file/181008/index/53055/annotation/152","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Did you sense any antisemitism when you were growing up here? ","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Partial Transcript"]}}],"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/87900/file/181008#t=1051.0,1520.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/87900/file/181008/index/53055/annotation/153","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Antisemitism","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Atlanta, Georgia","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Civil Rights Movement","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Holocaust","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Ku Klux Klan","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Leo Frank Case","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Quitman, Georgia","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Segregation","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"World War II","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}}],"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/87900/file/181008#t=1051.0,1520.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/87900/file/181008/index/53055/annotation/154","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Atlanta versus Quitman","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Title"]}}],"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/87900/file/181008#t=1520.0,1761.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/87900/file/181008/index/53055/annotation/155","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"How would you compare the two?","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Partial Transcript"]}}],"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/87900/file/181008#t=1520.0,1761.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/87900/file/181008/index/53055/annotation/156","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Atlanta, Georgia","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Civil Rights Movement","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Country Club","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Jewish Community","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Mahjong","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Quitman, Georgia","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}}],"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/87900/file/181008#t=1520.0,1761.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/87900/file/181008/index/53055/annotation/157","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Quitman Social Life","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Title"]}}],"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/87900/file/181008#t=1761.0,2252.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/87900/file/181008/index/53055/annotation/158","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"What kind of family social life did you have in Quitman?","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Partial Transcript"]}}],"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/87900/file/181008#t=1761.0,2252.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/87900/file/181008/index/53055/annotation/159","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Country Club","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Cub Scouts","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Parent Teacher Association","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Quitman, Georgia","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Social Life","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Young Judea","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}}],"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/87900/file/181008#t=1761.0,2252.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/87900/file/181008/index/53055/annotation/160","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Lifestyle in Quitman ","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Title"]}}],"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/87900/file/181008#t=2252.0,2585.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/87900/file/181008/index/53055/annotation/161","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Ruth, we were talking about all the help you had, that was not expensive, in raising your children and living.\n","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Partial 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","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Title"]}}],"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/87900/file/181008#t=2585.0,2840.39837"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/87900/file/181008/index/53055/annotation/164","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Quitman, Valdosta has grown in leaps and bounds where [as] Quitman has shrunk.","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Partial Transcript"]}}],"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/87900/file/181008#t=2585.0,2840.39837"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/87900/file/181008/index/53055/annotation/165","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Quitman, 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