{"@context":"http://iiif.io/api/presentation/3/context.json","id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/iiif/4f1mg7g63f/manifest","type":"Manifest","label":{"en":["Royal, Stuart"]},"logo":"https://d9jk7wjtjpu5g.cloudfront.net/organizations/logo_images/000/000/082/original/TheBreman_SecondaryMark_Horizontal_Blue_Black.png?1713640889","metadata":[{"label":{"en":["Date"]},"value":{"en":["2009-01-27 (creation)"]}},{"label":{"en":["Language"]},"value":{"en":["English (primary)"]}},{"label":{"en":["Format"]},"value":{"en":["Video"]}},{"label":{"en":["Description"]},"value":{"en":["\u003cp\u003eStuart Royal interviewed by Sandra Berman on January 27, 2009 in Birmingham, Alabama\u003c/p\u003e (general)","\u003cp\u003eStuart’s grandfather, Joseph Barnett Royal, came to Birmingham. Alabama in the early 1900’s because of a job opportunity with the Birmingham News. He was originally from Russia.  Stuart’s father, Arnold Royal, and his three brothers were born in Birmingham, and eventually three of the brothers moved away. Arnold Royal eventually became a pediatrician and practiced for more than 50 years. Stuart and his four siblings were raised in Birmingham. \u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eStuart’s grandfather on the Friedman side of the family, ‘Daddy Max’ Friedman, came to Birmingham circa 1915 from Cincinnati, Ohio, where there was a large family contingent.  A friend brought him to Birmingham for a job in the engraving business.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eJoseph Royal was very religious and was active at Temple Beth-El, which was founded in 1927.  Later, Stuart’s father and his uncle, Karl Friedman, each became president of Temple Beth-El.  The Royals lived on the Northside and eventually moved to the Southside, where a lot of Jews lived, and then to Mountain Brook.   \u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eStuart’s father and his brothers each became bar mitzvah, as did Stuart in 1963. Stuart was born in 1950 and went to public school for most of his childhood education.  Later he went to a private high school.  Because he played on sports teams, he had non-Jewish friends, but his social friends were all Jewish. \u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eAfter his bar mitzvah, Stuart spent several summers at Camp Blue Star, which had a significant impact on him.  He went to college in Houston and was introduced to his wife, Barbara Butnick Royal, by his sister.  Stuart became a pediatric radiologist.  Stuart and Barbara raised their children, Jeremy (also a radiologist) and Rachael (McDonald) in Birmingham and are active in the general and Jewish communities today.\u003c/p\u003e (bioghist)","\u003cp\u003eStuart recalls his family roots in Birmingham and how his grandparents on both the Stuart and Friedman sides of his family came to Birmingham in the 1910’s.  He describes their early experiences in Birmingham, what Jewish life was like for them in the early years, and their involvement in the Jewish community over time.   He talks about where Jews lived at that time and how the community moved to other areas over time.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eStuart also shared his own personal experience in the Jewish community and at Temple Beth-El, especially as the rabbis changed over time.  He describes his public and private school experiences, his social experiences, and his friendships.  Stuart expresses his concerns about Jewish continuity and rate of intermarriage in general and within his own family.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eStuart recalls his experiences and observations during the Civil Rights era, the simultaneous acts of antisemitism, and the concerns of the Jewish community.  He discusses the bombing of the 16th Street Baptist Church and the failed bombing of Temple Beth-El.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eStuart recounts how he met his wife, Barbara, and discusses his Jewish camping experience at Camp Blue Star and its positive impact on him.  He talks about how he loved growing up in Birmingham, his love for Birmingham today, and his appreciation of the Jewish community, the non-Jewish cultural activities, and the opportunities for Jews to participate widely in the community.  \u003c/p\u003e (scope content)"]}},{"label":{"en":["Source Metadata URI"]},"value":{"en":["https://archivesspace.thebreman.org/repositories/2/archival_objects/28385"]}},{"label":{"en":["Rights Statement"]},"value":{"en":["\u003cp\u003eAll rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, recorded by any information storage and retrieval system, without the express written consent of the William Breman Jewish Heritage Museum.\u003c/p\u003e"]}}],"summary":{"en":["\u003cp\u003eStuart Royal interviewed by Sandra Berman on January 27, 2009 in Birmingham, Alabama\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eStuart’s grandfather, Joseph Barnett Royal, came to Birmingham. Alabama in the early 1900’s because of a job opportunity with the Birmingham News. He was originally from Russia.  Stuart’s father, Arnold Royal, and his three brothers were born in Birmingham, and eventually three of the brothers moved away. Arnold Royal eventually became a pediatrician and practiced for more than 50 years. Stuart and his four siblings were raised in Birmingham. \u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eStuart’s grandfather on the Friedman side of the family, ‘Daddy Max’ Friedman, came to Birmingham circa 1915 from Cincinnati, Ohio, where there was a large family contingent.  A friend brought him to Birmingham for a job in the engraving business.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eJoseph Royal was very religious and was active at Temple Beth-El, which was founded in 1927.  Later, Stuart’s father and his uncle, Karl Friedman, each became president of Temple Beth-El.  The Royals lived on the Northside and eventually moved to the Southside, where a lot of Jews lived, and then to Mountain Brook.   \u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eStuart’s father and his brothers each became bar mitzvah, as did Stuart in 1963. Stuart was born in 1950 and went to public school for most of his childhood education.  Later he went to a private high school.  Because he played on sports teams, he had non-Jewish friends, but his social friends were all Jewish. \u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eAfter his bar mitzvah, Stuart spent several summers at Camp Blue Star, which had a significant impact on him.  He went to college in Houston and was introduced to his wife, Barbara Butnick Royal, by his sister.  Stuart became a pediatric radiologist.  Stuart and Barbara raised their children, Jeremy (also a radiologist) and Rachael (McDonald) in Birmingham and are active in the general and Jewish communities today.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eStuart recalls his family roots in Birmingham and how his grandparents on both the Stuart and Friedman sides of his family came to Birmingham in the 1910’s.  He describes their early experiences in Birmingham, what Jewish life was like for them in the early years, and their involvement in the Jewish community over time.   He talks about where Jews lived at that time and how the community moved to other areas over time.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eStuart also shared his own personal experience in the Jewish community and at Temple Beth-El, especially as the rabbis changed over time.  He describes his public and private school experiences, his social experiences, and his friendships.  Stuart expresses his concerns about Jewish continuity and rate of intermarriage in general and within his own family.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eStuart recalls his experiences and observations during the Civil Rights era, the simultaneous acts of antisemitism, and the concerns of the Jewish community.  He discusses the bombing of the 16th Street Baptist Church and the failed bombing of Temple Beth-El.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eStuart recounts how he met his wife, Barbara, and discusses his Jewish camping experience at Camp Blue Star and its positive impact on him.  He talks about how he loved growing up in Birmingham, his love for Birmingham today, and his appreciation of the Jewish community, the non-Jewish cultural activities, and the opportunities for Jews to participate widely in the community.  \u003c/p\u003e"]},"requiredStatement":{"label":{"en":["Attribution"]},"value":{"en":["\u003cp\u003eAll rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, recorded by any information storage and retrieval system, without the express written consent of the William Breman Jewish Heritage Museum.\u003c/p\u003e"]}},"provider":[{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/aboutus","type":"Agent","label":{"en":["William Breman Jewish Heritage Museum"]},"homepage":[{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/","type":"Text","label":{"en":["William Breman Jewish Heritage Museum"]},"format":"text/html"}],"logo":[{"id":"https://d9jk7wjtjpu5g.cloudfront.net/organizations/logo_images/000/000/082/original/TheBreman_SecondaryMark_Horizontal_Blue_Black.png?1713640889","type":"Image"}]}],"thumbnail":[{"id":"https://d9jk7wjtjpu5g.cloudfront.net/collection_resource_files/thumbnails/000/104/016/small/Stuart_Royal.png?1619302848","type":"Image","format":"image/png"}],"items":[{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35088/file/104016","type":"Canvas","label":{"en":["Media File 1 of 1 - Royal_Stuart.mp4"]},"duration":3327.914,"width":640,"height":360,"thumbnail":[{"id":"https://d9jk7wjtjpu5g.cloudfront.net/collection_resource_files/thumbnails/000/104/016/small/Stuart_Royal.png?1619302848","type":"Image","format":"image/png"}],"items":[{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35088/file/104016/content/1","type":"AnnotationPage","items":[{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35088/file/104016/content/1/annotation/1","type":"Annotation","motivation":"painting","body":{"id":"https://aviary-p-thebreman.s3.wasabisys.com/collection_resource_files/resource_files/000/104/016/original/Royal_Stuart.mp4?1610113027","type":"Video","format":"video/mp4","duration":3327.914,"width":640,"height":360},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35088/file/104016","metadata":[]}]}],"annotations":[{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35088/file/104016/transcript/21548","type":"AnnotationPage","label":{"en":["Royal, Stuart [Transcript]"]},"items":[{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35088/file/104016/transcript/21548/annotation/1","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"BERMAN: Today is January 27, 2009. I am with Stuart Royal who has agreed to\nbe interviewed for the Esther and Herbert Taylor Oral History Project of the\nWilliam Breman Jewish Heritage Museum. I am Sandra Berman. I'm the archivist at\nthe museum, and I am very thankful that you have agreed to participate in our\nproject. I'd like to begin by just asking you to tell me a little bit about your\nbackground and how you and your family ended up Birmingham.\n\nROYAL: My name is Stuart ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35088/file/104016#t=0.0,30.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35088/file/104016/transcript/21548/annotation/2","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Royal. My family is one of the Jewish families in\nBirmingham that have been here for a long time. My father and his three\nbrothers, the four of them were born in Birmingham. His father, my grandfather,\nJoseph Barnett Royal, moved to Birmingham in the early teens . . . nineteen\nteens, to be a newspaper distributor for the Birmingham News, the major paper in\nBirmingham even today. There are stories about ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35088/file/104016#t=30.0,60.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35088/file/104016/transcript/21548/annotation/3","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"him and the four young boys\ngetting up early in the morning before school in their sort of cart-drawn,\nhorse-powered vehicle to distribute, to throw papers basically, over the\nSouthside of Birmingham. That was how my family made it. They came from nothing\non the Royal side of the family. Three of the brothers eventually moved away\nwhen they grew up. My father [Arnold Royal] stayed here in Birmingham. He\neventually became a ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35088/file/104016#t=60.0,90.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35088/file/104016/transcript/21548/annotation/4","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"pediatrician. He was one of the Jewish pediatricians in\nBirmingham for 50 plus years. He lived until he was . . . practiced pediatrics\nuntil he was 79. He was born and raised here. All of his family . . . I have\nfour siblings . . . the five of us were born and raised in Birmingham.\n\nOn the other side of my family is the Friedman side of the family. There's\nRubenstein . . . Micky Friedman ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35088/file/104016#t=90.0,120.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35088/file/104016/transcript/21548/annotation/5","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Rubenstein, who lives in Birmingham, is a very\nimportant Jewish family in Birmingham, my mother, Elaine Friedman Royal, married\nto my father, and then the third one was Karl Friedman, [the] so-called 'Bubba'\nFriedman. There were the three Friedmans, my mother, my Aunt Micky Rubenstein,\nand Karl Friedman, and they came to Birmingham . . . their parents came to\nBirmingham in the late teens as I ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35088/file/104016#t=120.0,150.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35088/file/104016/transcript/21548/annotation/6","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"remember. Mimi, my grandmother on that side of\nthe family, Mimi Friedman lived on the Southside. She was very involved in the\ntheater on the south side, and her husband, 'Daddy Max' Friedman, was in the\nengraving business. He was born in Russia, but he moved here, and he became\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35088/file/104016#t=150.0,180.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35088/file/104016/transcript/21548/annotation/7","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"instrumental in that sort of engraving business in Birmingham. Both of our\nfamilies were really in Birmingham way back towards the beginning of Temple\nBeth-El. Temple Beth-El here was founded in 1927.\n\n[Stuart turns to the side:] \"Is that correct, Julia?\"\n\nROYAL: Both the families were here before that official synagogue, Temple\nBeth-El, became what it is today. That's where we are, and we've been here\ncontinuously ever since.\n\nBERMAN: Where were they from ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35088/file/104016#t=180.0,210.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35088/file/104016/transcript/21548/annotation/8","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"originally, both sides?\n\nROYAL: The Royal side of the family was from Russia. Both my grandmother and\ngrandfather on that side were from Russia. On the Friedman side of the family,\nthey were from probably Poland . . . Germany were their backgrounds.\n\nBERMAN: I understand how your grandfather, if he was distributing for the\nnewspaper, came here. How about the Friedmans. How did they end up in Birmingham?\n\nROYAL: They originally were in Cincinnati [Ohio]. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35088/file/104016#t=210.0,240.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35088/file/104016/transcript/21548/annotation/9","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"There was a big Friedman\ncontingent in Cincinnati, and he had a friend who brought him down to Birmingham\nto find a job in Birmingham. It was strictly a job related sort of thing at that time.\n\nBERMAN: Did they ever talk about what they found here when they first moved down here\n\n. . . their early recollections of Birmingham and living in Alabama?\n\nROYAL: Coming to Birmingham, at that ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35088/file/104016#t=240.0,270.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35088/file/104016/transcript/21548/annotation/10","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"time most of the Jews were located on the\nNorthside of Birmingham, which actually happens to be about where the Civic\nCenter area is located today. In fact, just in the last five or ten years my\nfamily, who lived there and also owned some property with some rental property\naround there, just recently sold that property to the city of Birmingham which\nhas a big dome stadium plan that's in the process of being ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35088/file/104016#t=270.0,300.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35088/file/104016/transcript/21548/annotation/11","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"developed. That was\nsome of the land that was purchased for that new thing in Birmingham, which\nhopefully will be a big deal to happen, so my family will be somewhere in the\nbackground for developing that. That's where that side of the family came from.\n\nBERMAN: Was it your grandfather who was the distributor?\n\nROYAL: Yes.\n\nBERMAN: Then your father went to medical school.\n\nROYAL: ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35088/file/104016#t=300.0,330.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35088/file/104016/transcript/21548/annotation/12","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Yes. In terms of my grandfather on that side, he was in the choir in\nTemple Beth-El. He was a very religious person. Back at that stage, Birmingham I\nthink for the longest time had Orthodox and Conservative and Reform.\nConservative Judaism at that stage, I think in most places, was more . . . it\nwas high Conservative. It was closer to Orthodox, which is what I remember. My\ngrandfather on that side was very religious. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35088/file/104016#t=330.0,360.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35088/file/104016/transcript/21548/annotation/13","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"He was sort of a cantor at times\nwhen we didn't have a cantor. He was one of the cantors, and he was in the\nchoir. He was very attached, and my father was bar mitzvahed. My father and his\ntwin brother--actually the four brothers--were bar mitzvahed here in Birmingham.\nThis was back in the early thirties . . . 1931. That side of the family was very\nattached to Jewish life in Birmingham, and they lived on the Northside. Back at\nthat stage they ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35088/file/104016#t=360.0,390.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35088/file/104016/transcript/21548/annotation/14","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"had shochets. They had . . . it wasn't a ghetto, but it was an\ninternal community that really supported the typical almost shtetl-type of\nlifestyle that these people, who were first immigrants coming from Europe, would maintain.\n\nAfter my father eventually came back college, etc., they moved on to what is now\nthe Southside, back in the area where St. Vincent's Hospital is . . . Highland\nAvenue. There were a ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35088/file/104016#t=390.0,420.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35088/file/104016/transcript/21548/annotation/15","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"lot of Jews that lived in that area of Birmingham. I was\nactually born there, on the Southside. There were five of us, five brothers and\nsisters. In the early Fifties the natural tendency in Birmingham, Jews in\nBirmingham and other people, was to move so-called 'over the mountain' north.\nThere was the Southside of Birmingham . . . first there was the Northside, then\nthere was the Southside. Then most people moved over the mountain into various\ncommunities, most prominently Mountain Brook. There was sort of a ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35088/file/104016#t=420.0,450.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35088/file/104016/transcript/21548/annotation/16","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Jewish-type\nghetto in Birmingham in the Fifties that developed in Mountain Brook. I was born\non the Southside, but then moved over into Mountain Brook. That's how things\nhave evolved relative to just living in Birmingham.\n\nBERMAN: When [Temple] Beth-El was founded, it couldn't have been founded as a\nConservative synagogue. It was an Orthodox synagogue originally, correct?\n\nROYAL: I think some other people could answer that more definitively than I\ncould, but it was certainly on the Orthodox ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35088/file/104016#t=450.0,480.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35088/file/104016/transcript/21548/annotation/17","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"side. I think there were Orthodox\npeople that came together, of like mind, to form something different. Form in\nthe conservative sense of things.\n\nBERMAN: Do you have a fondness for any particular rabbi at Beth-El or any\ninsights into any of the earlier rabbis at Beth-El?\n\nROYAL: I remember Rabbi [Abraham] Mesch. He was the rabbi in the Thirties on to\nwhen I was bar mitzvahed, which was ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35088/file/104016#t=480.0,510.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35088/file/104016/transcript/21548/annotation/18","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"1963, and he was more towards the Orthodox .\n. . a fairly stern sort of guy. He set a certain tone that people responded to,\nbut he wasn't a real approachable person, especially for children. I was raised\nin my formative years, for pre-bar mitzvah especially, in a Conservative\nsynagogue that was like that. The ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35088/file/104016#t=510.0,540.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35088/file/104016/transcript/21548/annotation/19","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"actual . . . within the synagogue itself the\nwhole feel of it was pretty austere, pretty formal in a sense.\n\nNot too long after that, in the Sixties the synagogue was renovated. We just had\nnewer rabbis. Rabbi [Morton A.] Wallach, who was there in the early Sixties, and\nhe put a totally different tone to things. After I became bar ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35088/file/104016#t=540.0,570.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35088/file/104016/transcript/21548/annotation/20","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"mitzvahed and\neventually went to college, I lost touch with Temple Beth-El until I moved back\nafter medical training, etc. Actually, my favorite rabbi after that is our\ncurrent rabbi, Rabbi [Brian] Glusman. He's a totally different feel. He's a\nwonderful person, very appealing individual. [He] totally changed the service on\nFriday night into something that's more laid back, ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35088/file/104016#t=570.0,600.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35088/file/104016/transcript/21548/annotation/21","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"more spiritual in a way . . .\nalmost a camp-like singing and guitar atmosphere. That's for Friday night. On\nSaturday it's a pretty traditional, middle of the road, Conservative type of\nthing. I like the fact that he has appeal to the younger generation, and he's\nreally rejuvenated the spirit and the attendance in the Friday night services,\nfor instance.\n\nThat's what Conservative Judaism does, at least in this ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35088/file/104016#t=600.0,630.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35088/file/104016/transcript/21548/annotation/22","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"city. There's only one\nConservative synagogue in a city of this size, and it only has one rabbi, and so\nthe tone of that rabbi sets the tone of how the synagogue feels. In a given\ntime, you'll have a more austere type of thing. You'll have a more formal sort\nof thing, you'll have a less formal, and as a Conservative Jew you have to be\nflexible to those things. I remember during medical training living in Boston,\nand there were 30 something ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35088/file/104016#t=630.0,660.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35088/file/104016/transcript/21548/annotation/23","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Conservative synagogues. You could find anything\nalong the spectrum. Here you have one, so you as the individual have to be\nflexible. That's how things go in a city of this size.\n\nBERMAN: Did you go to school with mainly other Jews or were you in a very mixed\nkind of public school setting?\n\nROYAL: I went to . . . I was in public school virtually the ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35088/file/104016#t=660.0,690.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35088/file/104016/transcript/21548/annotation/24","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"entire childhood\neducation. Because most of the Jews at that time lived in a certain area, in the\nMountain Brook school system there was a fairly high concentration of Jews. It\nwas still quite a minority in terms of the total population of the kids who were\nin the school, but it was still . . . all your Jewish friends . . . everyone who\nwas Jewish virtually went to school there, and it was a public situation. As\nit's gotten further along, when I got further into high school, I eventually\nwent ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35088/file/104016#t=690.0,720.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35088/file/104016/transcript/21548/annotation/25","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"to a private high school. That really had to do more with the fact that the\nMountain Brook school system actually didn't have a high school until later in\nhigh school from my experience. I went to a private school because I wanted to\nhave a more established education at that time.\n\nBERMAN: Was it easy to be Jewish in Birmingham during your time growing up?\n\nROYAL: My time growing up in terms ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35088/file/104016#t=720.0,750.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35088/file/104016/transcript/21548/annotation/26","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"of bar mitzvah age and post-bar mitzvah was\nin the Sixties, so Birmingham was an interesting place, as you know, in the\nSixties. I was talking earlier today about my father. My father became\neventually president of the synagogue. My uncle, Karl Friedman, became president\nof the synagogue, so my family's been very involved in the Jewish community of\nBirmingham. My uncle was also president of [Levite] ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35088/file/104016#t=750.0,780.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35088/file/104016/transcript/21548/annotation/27","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"JCC [Jewish Community\nCenter]. One of the things about Birmingham and Jewish life, which . . . I don't\nthink it's unique . . . a city of this size if you're really going to have a\nstrong Jewish community, people need to identify with being Jewish and\nparticipate. The community if it's successful I think opens its arms to people\nwho move in just like Barbara Solomon, who was immediate past president of the\nsynagogue. She's from Canada. People who are interested and they're talented,\nthey have an ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35088/file/104016#t=780.0,810.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35088/file/104016/transcript/21548/annotation/28","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"opportunity to express themselves and be leaders in the Jewish\ncommunity. Birmingham I think has that feel for people being involved, and you\nknow most of the people. I think that's a little bit different than you'll find\nin larger cities, where you can become virtually anonymous. In a city perhaps\nlike New York, you can be Jewish without even identifying per se. The whole\nenvironment has a Jewish feel. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35088/file/104016#t=810.0,840.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35088/file/104016/transcript/21548/annotation/29","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Birmingham, as a general community, doesn't have\na Jewish feel to it, so if you're going to be Jewish you need to identify with\nit, belong to synagogues, belong to the JCC, belong to Jewish organizations, and\nmake that part of your life.\n\nBERMAN: So most of your friends were Jewish.\n\nROYAL: When I was growing up, all of my social friends were Jewish. I went to\nschool with non-Jewish people. I was ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35088/file/104016#t=840.0,870.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35088/file/104016/transcript/21548/annotation/30","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"athletic. I played on athletic teams, which\nwere predominantly non-Jewish guys on my teams. They were friends. They were not\nsocial friends, but they were friends.\n\nBERMAN: What about the Reform congregation. Did you associate with . . .?\n\nROYAL: That's an interesting thing. Of course, I don't know if that has any\nuniqueness to Birmingham at all. Back when I was young there were ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35088/file/104016#t=870.0,900.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35088/file/104016/transcript/21548/annotation/31","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"two country\nclubs in Birmingham. The Hillcrest Club was virtually completely where the\nReform Jews spent their time, and the Fairmont Club was virtually where the\nConservative Jews spent their time . . . the families . . . where you spent your\ntime, your social time, and there wasn't much crossover.\n\nBERMAN: Were these Jewish country clubs?\n\nROYAL: These were Jewish country clubs. They were ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35088/file/104016#t=900.0,930.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35088/file/104016/transcript/21548/annotation/32","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"exclusively Jewish country\nclubs at that time. Eventually it morphed, but back when we were there they were\nJewish country clubs. It was unfortunate for me, at that time when I was young,\nbut especially through the years and looking back on it. It was unfortunate that\nit sort of segregated the Conservative and Reform Jews in Birmingham, socially.\nI'm talking about the kids. I don't think there was a lot of one looking down on\nthe ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35088/file/104016#t=930.0,960.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35088/file/104016/transcript/21548/annotation/33","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"other. They were just in different social circles. The Orthodox community in\nBirmingham has always been fairly small, so that, from a statistical sense,\ndidn't have much of an impact. I would say I knew of, but I was not very social\nfriendly with . . . being a Conservative . . . with the Reform Jewish kids.\nGiven that Birmingham was a relatively small community from a numbers\nstandpoint, it really cut ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35088/file/104016#t=960.0,990.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35088/file/104016/transcript/21548/annotation/34","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"down on the number of kids that you were exposed to\nthat you could date or get to know. I still think there's some of that today,\nthat there still are somewhat different social circles. It wasn't until I came\nback, became a doctor, and then there were other doctors who were Jewish doctors\nfrom the Reform synagogue, that I met them professionally and then eventually\nbecame socially friends with them ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35088/file/104016#t=990.0,1020.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35088/file/104016/transcript/21548/annotation/35","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that there was that sort of\ncross-fertilization. You might delve into that with other people, but I think\nthere has been a separation that probably wasn't to the benefit of the community\nor the social experience growing up in Birmingham being Jewish.\n\nBERMAN: Did you ever date anybody that wasn't Jewish when you were living in Birmingham?\n\nROYAL: I never dated anybody who wasn't Jewish.\n\nBERMAN: Would that have been frowned upon in your home?\n\nROYAL: Yes. I would give you this ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35088/file/104016#t=1020.0,1050.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35088/file/104016/transcript/21548/annotation/36","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"insight. This is probably not unique at all,\nbut certainly at my parents' level everybody was married Jewish. There was no\nintermarriage that I knew of at that level. There was no divorce at that level,\nat my parents' age. A little bit younger, it was really in the Sixties, that I\nfirst remembered anybody, any Jewish couple divorcing. It was very unusual.\nThere were five children in my family. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35088/file/104016#t=1050.0,1080.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35088/file/104016/transcript/21548/annotation/37","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Every one of them married Jewish people.\nThere was virtually 100 percent in that Jewish sort of thing, and that extends\neven out to first cousins level. Since then, at my children's generation, it's\nabout 50 percent. About 50 percent of them currently are marrying Jewish,\ndespite the fact that I was head of the Israel Bonds for our area, been on the\nboard of the Temple, on the ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35088/file/104016#t=1080.0,1110.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35088/file/104016/transcript/21548/annotation/38","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"board of the JCC, all my kids have been through the\nHebrew school, all the Jewish youth groups. They've been to Israel. They've done\nall that. With all those experiences, 50 percent of them still are only marrying\nJewish in our family.\n\nBERMAN: What do you attribute that to? Why do you think that's . . .?\n\nROYAL: That's a good . . . if I had the answer to that I would be ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35088/file/104016#t=1110.0,1140.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35088/file/104016/transcript/21548/annotation/39","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"the senior\nrabbi somewhere I guess. One of my major interests is really for Jewish\ncontinuity, and that's what we're talking about and we're fighting . . . It's\nfighting a losing battle everywhere. I really don't know. I wish I had the\nanswer to that. I was just talking to a Jewish doctor today who has--my children\nare already older and married--teenage children. I told him that if I were ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35088/file/104016#t=1140.0,1170.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35088/file/104016/transcript/21548/annotation/40","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"him\nat those ages--eventually they get to an age where they won't listen to you when\nyou try to give them advice--but, as Jewish parents, you should tell them that\nyou want them to marry Jewish. If they don't, you will be severely disappointed\n. . . that it will have a big impact on the family, on them and their children's\nability to enjoy the Jewish experiences that we have. Everything we\ndo--obviously we do the usual Jewish religious ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35088/file/104016#t=1170.0,1200.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35088/file/104016/transcript/21548/annotation/41","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"observances--but wherever we go,\nif we go down to the beach . . . we have a beach experience every year . . .\nit's a Jewish experience. We do Shabbat [Hebrew: Sabbath] every Friday at home,\nbut [also] at the beach. The whole extended family does a Jewish thing.\nEverybody comes to the beach. If your children are coming and participating in\nyour family and they're not Jewish, they are not going to know what's going on.\nThey're not going to feel like it. They're going to stand ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35088/file/104016#t=1200.0,1230.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35088/file/104016/transcript/21548/annotation/42","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"out.\n\nI encourage parents to very forcefully talk to their children before they get to\nbe about 16, because later they just . . . they're not listening to you. The\nhormones are raging, and they're . . . that's the dogma I think that they should\nget. Then when they start to date I think people should absolutely,\ncategorically say, \"You are not allowed to date non-Jewish people.\" Other ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35088/file/104016#t=1230.0,1260.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35088/file/104016/transcript/21548/annotation/43","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"than\nthe fact that they're not Jewish, there are wonderful people out there that\nJewish people could marry and do marry and in other ways have a successful\nmarriage, but you and your children are not going to be Jewish if you don't\nmarry somebody Jewish. They should categorically, when they are at home,\nprohibit them from dating non-Jewish people. Then hopefully that will perpetuate\nwhen they ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35088/file/104016#t=1260.0,1290.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35088/file/104016/transcript/21548/annotation/44","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"go off to college. You don't have control over your children at that\nstage of the game.\n\nOne of my children, after all of this that we're talking about, who went off to\nan Ivy League school that's very Jewish--most of the Ivy League schools are very\nJewish--and we wanted him to go there because of the Jewish experience. It's a\nterrific . . . it happens to be Yale [University--New Haven, Connecticut], and\nthe Hillel there was world class, the best Hillel anywhere . . . and December of\nhis freshman year he brought ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35088/file/104016#t=1290.0,1320.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35088/file/104016/transcript/21548/annotation/45","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"home a non-Jewish girl. Of course, it didn't last\nbecause we . . . It was a surprise to us, and it just was not something we\nexpected and not something we would tolerate. I think that had a big impact on\nhim for a long time, because eventually--that was when he was 18 and he just got\nmarried and he's 30--he was not finding the right Jewish girl in various\nexperiences. He eventually went on ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35088/file/104016#t=1320.0,1350.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35088/file/104016/transcript/21548/annotation/46","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"JDate. Here it was . . . [he was] a medical\nresident. He's in medical training. You'd think he'd be able to find somebody,\nand it was JDate . . . He's in Birmingham, in residency, found now his wife in\nAtlanta, working in Atlanta, but this was through JDate. [He] would not have . . .\n\nBERMAN: That's wonderful.\n\nROYAL: Can I tell you how wonderful it feels? I will just tell you, for anybody\nwho has to struggle through their children not ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35088/file/104016#t=1350.0,1380.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35088/file/104016/transcript/21548/annotation/47","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"marrying Jewish, it's\nheartbreaking. It's just absolutely heartbreaking when they don't.\n\nBERMAN: What year were you born?\n\nROYAL: I was born in 1950.\n\nBERMAN: Nineteen fifty . . . so you were a mere baby when schools were\ndesegregated in 1954.\n\nROYAL: Right.\n\nBERMAN: What is your earliest recollection of your families talking about it?\nWas there discussion here at the ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35088/file/104016#t=1380.0,1410.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35088/file/104016/transcript/21548/annotation/48","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Temple? What can you recall about that era?\n\nROYAL: When we eventually moved over into Mountain Brook . . . this was starting\non the Southside and moved into Mountain Brook . . . Mountain Brook was a very\nhomogeneous population of white people, Jews and Christians predominantly. When\nyou're less than ten years of age, it doesn't make a big impact on you, but ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35088/file/104016#t=1410.0,1440.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35088/file/104016/transcript/21548/annotation/49","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I\nremember [President] John [Fitzgerald] Kennedy in 1960, 1961, getting elected.\nThat was . . . I really don't remember Brown v. Board of Education. From a\npersonal recollection standpoint, it didn't have an impact on me. I was just too\nyoung, but I remember John Kennedy's election. I remember opening my mind up to\nthings happening out there in the world. That's when I really began to pay\nattention to what was happening in Birmingham relative to the segregation and\ncivil ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35088/file/104016#t=1440.0,1470.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35088/file/104016/transcript/21548/annotation/50","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"rights things.\n\nI would say . . . I don't know what your experience is in terms of Jews in the\nsegregated South during that period of time. Jews were . . . my experience in\nBirmingham was the Jewish people were bigoted towards black people. We had a\nmaid . . . a housekeeper. We had numbers of them. They were all black,\nAfrican-American. They were wonderful people, and we supported them but they\nwere, in my ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35088/file/104016#t=1470.0,1500.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35088/file/104016/transcript/21548/annotation/51","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"family and virtually all the other Jewish families who had such\nhousekeepers, they were second-class citizens. They were talked about in my\nexperience in a relatively demeaned way. They were loved, but they were\nsecond-class people. As a young kid, you know how you are. You're seven or eight\nyears old and you're looking up to your parents, and they're talking, and\nthey're using--not my parents specifically, but all that generation--'nigger,'\nthat sort ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35088/file/104016#t=1500.0,1530.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35088/file/104016/transcript/21548/annotation/52","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"of . . . I forget the . . . what is the . . .\n\n[someone off camera inaudibly says the word to him]\n\nROYAL: . . . Schwarze [German: black], yes. It's been so long since I've even\nused it. That was not daily, but every hourly sort of word, and I couldn't even\nremember it. That goes to show you how much things have changed. That was the\nway that black people were talked about . . . 1960, 1961, 1962. Then it becomes\n1963, and, of course, there's a lot of things happening in Birmingham, but ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35088/file/104016#t=1530.0,1560.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35088/file/104016/transcript/21548/annotation/53","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"1963\nwas the year that the bombing of the 16th Street Baptist Church happened. This\nwas at the time when my father and my uncle, in 1963 and 1964, were president of\nthe synagogue. They were involved in what was happening in the Jewish\ncommunity's participation in the civil rights thing, which was behind the\nscenes. It was muted. It wasn't publicly ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35088/file/104016#t=1560.0,1590.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35088/file/104016/transcript/21548/annotation/54","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"recognized, but they were trying to\nwork with Birmingham civic leaders and politicians to try to help solve the\nracial problems. I remember that happening. I will tell you, in 1963 . . . now\nI'm 13 years old, post-bar mitzvah . . . I was bar mitzvahed in April of 1963 .\n. . the bombing was later that year . . . I remember not being able to go\ndowntown at all.\n\nAt that time, we were ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35088/file/104016#t=1590.0,1620.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35088/file/104016/transcript/21548/annotation/55","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"living in Mountain Brook. Temple Beth-El is on the south\nside of Birmingham, so we could go to Temple, which is sort on the edge of the\nSouthside. We used to . . . before it got more violent in Birmingham . . . after\nJunior Congregation on Saturday mornings, we would, a group of us, hop on the\nbus and go downtown and just hang out and go to movies and enjoy ourselves. That\nwas the social ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35088/file/104016#t=1620.0,1650.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35088/file/104016/transcript/21548/annotation/56","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"experience at that time. When it got to be 1962 and 1963 [it was]\nnot allowed. My parents absolutely did not allow us to go down there. They felt\nit was dangerous. My father in particular, because of his exposure in the\nsecular community . . . he was a Jewish leader . . . I think he felt\nparticularly vulnerable and sensitive to things that could happen to him or his\nchildren, so we were just not . . . It was really for one to two years I ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35088/file/104016#t=1650.0,1680.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35088/file/104016/transcript/21548/annotation/57","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"didn't\ngo to downtown Birmingham.\n\nBERMAN: Did you discuss what was happening in your home? Was it dinner table conversation?\n\nROYAL: I don't remember major serious conversation. I remember things happening\n. . . we saw . . . this was a worldwide event in Birmingham, Alabama. The\nhosing, and the dogs, and the 16th Street Baptist Church bombing. These were\nsentinel events in the Civil Rights Movement happening in Birmingham, ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35088/file/104016#t=1680.0,1710.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35088/file/104016/transcript/21548/annotation/58","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"literally\na few miles from where I was living, and I saw nothing of it. I saw it on\ntelevision. I had no first-hand experience with it. I remember it disturbing my\nfather, the kind of person who would pace and worry, but he wasn't the best\ncommunicator. To sit down and talk to me about it in a real . . . to have a\ndialogue . . . here I'm a teenager . . . 13, 14 at the time . . . That's a time\nwhen you could really start to have more adult concepts and ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35088/file/104016#t=1710.0,1740.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35088/file/104016/transcript/21548/annotation/59","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"conversations, but I\ndon't remember having such a conversation with him.\n\nBERMAN: Do you remember, and looking back, what was the stand of the Temple here\nand Rabbi [Abraham] Mesch?\n\nROYAL: Of course, this was now after Rabbi Mesch.\n\nBERMAN: Right. That was after Rabbi Mesch.\n\nROYAL: Our rabbi here did not take a stand. The Reform rabbi I think was ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35088/file/104016#t=1740.0,1770.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35088/file/104016/transcript/21548/annotation/60","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"more\nvocal and more out there in terms of a stand. As I remember--you'll get this\nbetter from other people because people were a bit older and remembered it\nbetter--I think there was an attempt to . . . try to not rock the boat, not to\nget the Jewish people out there visible in supporting the Civil Rights Movement.\nI don't think the ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35088/file/104016#t=1770.0,1800.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35088/file/104016/transcript/21548/annotation/61","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"community, the general community out there, knew what the\nJewish people were doing behind the scenes. There was a fair amount going on\nbehind the scenes relative to the Civil Rights Movement, but not overtly, anyway.\n\nBERMAN: What do you think the reason . . . I have a couple of different\nquestions. Do you recall any kind of vocalization regarding northern Jews coming\ndown here and then getting to go back up ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35088/file/104016#t=1800.0,1830.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35088/file/104016/transcript/21548/annotation/62","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"north, and was there discussion of that\nor have you discussed it in years since?\n\nROYAL: It's an interesting question that you ask, because the answer in terms of\nduring that period of time that I remember, we didn't discuss it. My son . . .\nhe did go to Yale [University--New Haven, Connecticut] . . . took a course in\nreligious studies at Yale, and they had to write a paper. He decided to write a\npaper on this experience of the 19 rabbis from the Jewish ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35088/file/104016#t=1830.0,1860.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35088/file/104016/transcript/21548/annotation/63","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Theological Seminary\n[of America--New York City, New York] coming down to Birmingham to try to, I\nthink, intercede in what was going on. He went to the JTS [Jewish Theological\nSeminary] archives in New York. He was in New Haven as a college student. He\nwent to New York, dusted off the archives, read through the minutes, as you\nwould do in a professional sense, and wrote a paper on it. What shocked him . .\n. what was unbelievable to him at the time was that, as he's reading through\nthese archives in New York ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35088/file/104016#t=1860.0,1890.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35088/file/104016/transcript/21548/annotation/64","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"City, they're talking about my father, Arnold Royal.\nThey're talking about my uncle, Karl Friedman, and what it was going to be like\nwhen they came down and confronted these people. That was the first time he\nreally realized that my family had a role that was recognized back in a very\nimportant time in Birmingham's history, the Birmingham general community\nhistory. It was something that he was able to bring [to] the fore . . . In fact,\nI think they're going to put his paper in the ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35088/file/104016#t=1890.0,1920.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35088/file/104016/transcript/21548/annotation/65","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"archives here at Temple Beth-El\nand maybe part of the archives of what your organization is doing.\n\nBERMAN: I know you were young, but in your family discussions or recalling, was\nthe community afraid?\n\nROYAL: The community was very afraid. The Jewish community was afraid of what\nwas going on. There were in the middle of that . . . the early Sixties ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35088/file/104016#t=1920.0,1950.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35088/file/104016/transcript/21548/annotation/66","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"were a\npretty important time relative to the Civil Rights Movement and related to\nAfrican-Americans . . . but, interspersed in there, there was a fair amount of\nantisemitic things going on. I don't remember . . . these were the little things\nwhen you were a grade school kid. There were, in my elementary school in\nMountain Brook, wonderful Mountain Brook, Alabama, in the Fifties, there were\nfights. We had fights. The Jewish kids had fights on the playground related to\nbeing Jewish, and antisemitic slogans, and things ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35088/file/104016#t=1950.0,1980.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35088/file/104016/transcript/21548/annotation/67","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"written. There was this\nundercurrent of that at that time, but it surfaced in the early Sixties. You\ndidn't hear a lot about it, but there was antisemitic acts going on in\nBirmingham during the early Sixties, also. The two things together, the\nantisemitic sort of thing plus the whole violent tone of what was going on, made\nJewish people pretty frightened during that period of ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35088/file/104016#t=1980.0,2010.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35088/file/104016/transcript/21548/annotation/68","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"time.\n\nBERMAN: Did you have discussions with your parents in later years about the\ninvolvement of the Jewish community . . . what they did or didn't do?\n\nROYAL: We talked about it, but I think, in my own estimation, that they were\nsomewhat embarrassed that the Jewish leaders didn't take a more overt role, a\nmore visible role in the community related to the civil rights issues that were\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35088/file/104016#t=2010.0,2040.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35088/file/104016/transcript/21548/annotation/69","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"going on. I'm not comparing this to the Holocaust per se, but when people have\nvery bad experiences, and they didn't defend themselves or come out in the way\nthey wanted to, it's sort of an embarrassing thing. People don't like to talk\nabout it, and it's hard to draw that out. I think that's probably what we were\nexperiencing. It was something they didn't like to admit, talk about, and I'll\ntell you, at that stage of the game, you'd have to have ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35088/file/104016#t=2040.0,2070.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35088/file/104016/transcript/21548/annotation/70","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"lived then. Of course, I\nwas young and I'm not sure I can really comment, but I can understand people in\na different environment where they may be very physically and emotionally\nthreatened to not have the courage to stand up, especially if it wasn't directly\ninvolving you. It may just be a difficult expression or stand to take. Some\npeople do, and of course those are our heroes. We like that to happen, and we\nneed to learn about ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35088/file/104016#t=2070.0,2100.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35088/file/104016/transcript/21548/annotation/71","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that. There weren't a lot of overt Jewish heroes in\nBirmingham during the Civil Rights Movement.\n\nBERMAN: Where were you and what can you tell me about the almost bombing at this Temple?\n\nROYAL: This was in the late Fifties, and of course I really remember just from\nwhat I read and from the photographs that were in the newspapers, archives that\nI've looked at, and . . . my parents . . . I remember them ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35088/file/104016#t=2100.0,2130.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35088/file/104016/transcript/21548/annotation/72","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"just being emotional\nwhen it happened, because it really didn't happen. It really didn't get bombed,\nbut it was supposed to and it was close to happening. That was an important time\nin Birmingham's Jewish history. We'll never forget it again. It's something\nthat'll make an impact for the future.\n\nBERMAN: Why was Temple Beth-El selected if they were not ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35088/file/104016#t=2130.0,2160.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35088/file/104016/transcript/21548/annotation/73","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"vocally speaking out\nagainst . . . or in favor of integration? Was there any. . . ?\n\nROYAL: I think . . . again, others may have more information on this . . . but I\nthink this was more of an antisemitic, more strictly antisemitic act or attempt\nas opposed to something that was a spillover from the African-American civil\nrights issues that we were dealing with in Birmingham. It was ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35088/file/104016#t=2160.0,2190.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35088/file/104016/transcript/21548/annotation/74","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"frequently similar\npeople. I think there was an overlap of people who did this, but I'm not . . . I\ndon't think they were targeting Jews because the Jews were supporting the\nAfrican-Americans in the civil rights issues. I think it was just strictly\nJewish antisemitic sort of events.\n\nBERMAN: Are you glad you grew up in a southern city, in Birmingham?\n\nROYAL: Yes. I loved growing up in Birmingham. There's so many aspects to ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35088/file/104016#t=2190.0,2220.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35088/file/104016/transcript/21548/annotation/75","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that. I\nlove the size of the Jewish community, and I will tell you . . . I'm not sure I\ncan comment how far back this is true, but the Birmingham Jewish population has\nnot changed for a long time. There's been 5,000 to 6,000 Jews in Birmingham for\ndecades that I know of, back from when I was growing up until today. I'm sure\nthere have been fluctuations, but when you have . . . and it's a size enough\ncommunity, like I was mentioning, that you can have Conservative, Reform and\nOrthodox. There's always been ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35088/file/104016#t=2220.0,2250.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35088/file/104016/transcript/21548/annotation/76","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that since 1950, when I was born. Later on,\nthere's even a Hasidic group here.\n\nBERMAN: A Chabad.\n\nROYAL: A Chabad, and there's been a Humanistic Jewish group here, so a few\nsmaller groups have developed, enough to where people can find a niche in terms\nof being Jewish. That has been wonderful, and I think in Birmingham . . . this\ndoesn't have to do with the Jewish thing, but I would just ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35088/file/104016#t=2250.0,2280.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35088/file/104016/transcript/21548/annotation/77","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"say Birmingham is an\nattractive community culturally. Jews like to be . . . I think Jewish people\nlove culture, so in terms of the theater, the cultural arts, it's got it here.\nIt's accessible. It's logistically easy to get to. You can afford it. You have\nthe time to do it. It has most of the advantages and the quality. I would just\nsay the quality of these cultural things are very good. It's not quite the\nMetropolitan Opera, ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35088/file/104016#t=2280.0,2310.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35088/file/104016/transcript/21548/annotation/78","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"but I will tell you that Birmingham gets high marks for\nthat. To have a small city, big town sort of feel to it where you can easily get\nback and forth and you can appreciate the cultural non-Jewish parts of the\ncommunity. Then you have this really identified, very cohesive strong Jewish\ncommunity, it's a wonderful thing. I've encouraged my children to consider doing\n. . . this is now . . . again we're talking ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35088/file/104016#t=2310.0,2340.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35088/file/104016/transcript/21548/annotation/79","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"about . . . in terms of the\nRoyal-Friedman side of the family, we're working on 100 years being in\nBirmingham. I think Birmingham is better than . . . to grow up now as a Jewish\nperson it's better than it's ever been. I thought it was great when I was\ngrowing up.\n\nBERMAN: What changed? Is there a better relationship with the general community\nthan there was?\n\nROYAL: I think people are coming together. I think the Jewish community is\ntighter. What eventually happened with the two country clubs, they eventually\nmerged. That brought some of the Jewish people ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35088/file/104016#t=2340.0,2370.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35088/file/104016/transcript/21548/annotation/80","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"socially together, from\nConservative and Reform together more, and I think that was a positive step. I\nthink that Birmingham has just become a stronger . . . The medical community is\nworld class in Birmingham, and you can virtually professionally find your niche\nin virtually any profession. There's a few . . . I mean if you want to be on\nBroadway, you're not going to do that in Birmingham, Alabama. You're going to\ngrow out of that and move on, but in most of them you can be ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35088/file/104016#t=2370.0,2400.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35088/file/104016/transcript/21548/annotation/81","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"extremely\nprofessionally successful and then have your Jewish life. I don't know where\nelse I would choose to live.\n\nBERMAN: How active do Jewish community members get in general civic affairs in\nthe city?\n\nROYAL: I would say moderately. The Jewish people who are here get very involved\nin the Jewish organizations. Of course, everybody only has so much time. There\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35088/file/104016#t=2400.0,2430.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35088/file/104016/transcript/21548/annotation/82","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"are some people . . . like my wife, for instance, is very involved in the\nnon-Jewish arts community and leadership community. Jewish people are typically\nsuccessful in what they try to do, and, if they have interest, they're accepted.\n\nBERMAN: That's what I . . .\n\nROYAL: It's not an issue of the secular non-Jewish community not being\nopen-armed to it. We ended up . . . when ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35088/file/104016#t=2430.0,2460.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35088/file/104016/transcript/21548/annotation/83","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"we finished medical training and came\nback to Birmingham . . . we lived . . . came back to the city of Birmingham.\nLike I said, most people, most Jews, lived in Mountain Brook. That's not the\ncity of Birmingham. We lived in the city, and our kids went to city schools and\neventually went to a private school in the city. At this private school, there's\nthe usual WASP-y [White Anglo-Saxon Protestant] wealthy . . . Birmingham has a\nvery wealthy non-Jewish community. It has a pretty wealthy Jewish community, but\nnon-Jewish community. Very wealthy. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35088/file/104016#t=2460.0,2490.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35088/file/104016/transcript/21548/annotation/84","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Surprisingly so. So we were with a lot of\nthe blue blood . . . my kids were with the blue blood non-Jewish kids and their\nfamilies. Today, even within the last week we went to a high school basketball\ngame at that private school that our kids attended, and we're with all these\nnon-Jewish . . . That's the non-Jewish side of our social circle, kind of\nthrough that, and then the rest of our social experience is with our Jewish\nfriends. Whether you want to do ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35088/file/104016#t=2490.0,2520.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35088/file/104016/transcript/21548/annotation/85","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"it in general socially, you're accepted.\n\nThere still is this whole . . . Birmingham has historically had a pretty strong\ncountry club environment for social activities. I'm talking about the Birmingham\nCountry Club, which didn't have any Jews for the longest time, and has some\ntoken Jews. Mountain Brook Country Club never had any Jews. They may have one\nnow. Really, it's essentially a non- . . . it's an exclusive sort of country\nclub. A lot ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35088/file/104016#t=2520.0,2550.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35088/file/104016/transcript/21548/annotation/86","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"of non-Jewish wealthy people's social experiences are through their\ncountry club. I think that's one of the reasons why there were those Jewish\ncountry clubs, the two that eventually merged into one, because Jews didn't have\nan opportunity, in those days for sure, and virtually not today, to have country\nclub social experiences unless you had a Jewish one yourself. We're not part of\nthe non-Jewish country club scene, but out there in the rest of the ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35088/file/104016#t=2550.0,2580.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35088/file/104016/transcript/21548/annotation/87","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"world, in a\ncivic sort of sense . . . This past week, we went down to the civil rights\nmuseum [Birmingham Civil Rights Institute]--Birmingham has a civil rights\nmuseum--and they had a big gala, and we were invited. We were a part of it. It\nwas a predominantly non-Jewish social experience, and it was . . . we were\nwelcome. If you want to be on [a] board of non-Jewish agencies or non-Jewish\nthings, by and large Jews are welcome. Of course, Jews do a lot. They've\nhistorically done a lot in the United ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35088/file/104016#t=2580.0,2610.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35088/file/104016/transcript/21548/annotation/88","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Way. The United Way is not a Jewish\nagency, but there's been many Jews who have been heads of the United Way here,\nwhich is a very prominent and very successful community environment. I would\nsay, in general, Jews have all the opportunity they need to be involved in civic\naffairs in Birmingham.\n\nBERMAN: How did you meet your wife?\n\nROYAL: The network. I was in ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35088/file/104016#t=2610.0,2640.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35088/file/104016/transcript/21548/annotation/89","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"college, and my sister went to a different college.\nShe met my wife-to-be, who's . . .\n\nBERMAN: Her name?\n\nROYAL: Barbara Butnick Royal. Barbara went to the University of Georgia [Athens,\nGeorgia], and my sister, who . . . Actually, this sister went to [H.] Sophie\nNewcomb [Memorial College--New Orleans, Louisiana]. She transferred to Georgia\nand met Barbara there. When she met her, she said, \"I've got a brother for you\nthat you've got to meet.\" I actually have a twin. This is sort of a funny story\nthat she likes to tell. She said, ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35088/file/104016#t=2640.0,2670.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35088/file/104016/transcript/21548/annotation/90","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\"You've got to come home with me on the\nweekend to meet my brother, and you're going to just love him. He's just right\nfor you.\" She brought [Barbara] home from Georgia to Birmingham, from Athens,\none weekend. [Barbara] walked in the door and met my twin brother. She said, \"I\ndon't think so.\" [My sister] said, \"Wait, wait, wait. There's another one,\" and\nshe walked into the other room, and there I was. The chemistry was right, and it\nwas I guess the JDate ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35088/file/104016#t=2670.0,2700.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35088/file/104016/transcript/21548/annotation/91","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"of the 1960's, because that's . . . one of the best ways\nto meet Jewish people is to have somebody vetted, [to have] somebody pick\nsomebody out for you. It's the sort of non-professional matchmaker situation.\nThat's how I met my wife.\n\nBERMAN: Where was she from originally?\n\nROYAL: She was originally from Richmond, Virginia, and an interesting part of\nthat story is that my sister introduced me to Barbara, who were at ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35088/file/104016#t=2700.0,2730.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35088/file/104016/transcript/21548/annotation/92","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Georgia.\nBarbara had, growing up in Richmond, a guy that lived on her street that was at\nthe University of Georgia [veterinarian] school . . . a Jewish guy on her street\nin Richmond . . . and she introduced my sister to him. They got married . . .\n\nBERMAN: That's great.\n\nROYAL: . . . and we both ended up moving to Birmingham, so both of our families\nand the kids were born and raised in Birmingham.\n\nBERMAN: Has your wife enjoyed life in Birmingham?\n\nROYAL: Yes. Richmond [Virginia]--I don't know if you know much about Richmond--I\nthink Richmond from a Jewish standpoint--I mean it's a bit bigger Jewish\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35088/file/104016#t=2730.0,2760.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35088/file/104016/transcript/21548/annotation/93","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"community, but it's demographically pretty similar. The cities are pretty\nsimilar in a lot of ways. Richmond is much more historic. Birmingham is\nphysically much more beautiful. I think somebody born and raised in Richmond, if\nyou like Richmond, would enjoy the Jewish experience in Birmingham. She came\nhere, fell in love with it . . . She's a big macher [Yiddish: an important or\ninfluential person] in Birmingham, my wife, and she runs a women's leadership\nprogram. It's a non-Jewish women's executive leadership thing, so she trains\nthese women who are at the . . . vice presidents of ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35088/file/104016#t=2760.0,2790.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35088/file/104016/transcript/21548/annotation/94","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"corporations and the banking\nsystem and Southern Progress [Corporation] and Bellsouth [Corporation].\nDifferent prominent corporations in Birmingham. She trains them, so she knows\nall these non-Jewish women leaders in Birmingham.\n\nI think, in a city the size of Birmingham, with the amount of Jews that we have,\nit's good that Jews become involved in non-Jewish affairs, business and civic\nthings in the city. I think it ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35088/file/104016#t=2790.0,2820.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35088/file/104016/transcript/21548/annotation/95","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"exposes the community to Jews and what we're all\nabout. We wear being Jewish on our sleeve. People know that we're Jewish. I\nhappen to work at Children's Hospital. I've been there for a long time, and\neverybody knows that I'm Jewish. Everybody knows that come Rosh Ha-Shanah and\nYom Kippur, I'm not there. That's part of what being Jewish is, and I think\nthat's a good education for people. There aren't horns coming out. 'Stuart\npoints to his head and makes a motion to signify horns coming out of his head\u003e .\n. . I don't know if in Atlanta whether you guys have horns there, but here in\nBirmingham we don't have ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35088/file/104016#t=2820.0,2850.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35088/file/104016/transcript/21548/annotation/96","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"horns. It's great to be involved and for people to see\nwho we are.\n\nBERMAN: That's great. If you could look back on your growing up in Birmingham,\n[are] there some memorable incidents that you want to recount about being Jewish\nand being in the South, being in Birmingham?\n\nROYAL: ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35088/file/104016#t=2850.0,2880.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35088/file/104016/transcript/21548/annotation/97","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Well . . .\n\nBERMAN: That's kind of a big question.\n\nROYAL: Yes, it is. There's so many things. Socially the Jewish kids stayed\ntogether. We didn't date non-Jewish kids. Now, what happened was we had a big\ngroup of guys who loved to go out and, when you were 15, 16, and 17, we went out\nand we actually found non-Jewish girls. There was sort of like the pack. The\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35088/file/104016#t=2880.0,2910.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35088/file/104016/transcript/21548/annotation/98","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"pack would go to, at that time, Shoney's [Restaurant]. That was a hangout in\nBirmingham, and that was where we created the little black books. 'This is this\ngirl who lives here' and . . . I don't know if you'd considering that dating.\nThey were dates, but this was a total . . . this had no long-term significance\nto it. It was just sort of a teenage experience, but out of that I will relate\nthis to you. We would meet these girls. They would be from different areas, and\nthe ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35088/file/104016#t=2910.0,2940.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35088/file/104016/transcript/21548/annotation/99","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"classic area in Birmingham was Gardendale. It happened to be sort of north\nof Birmingham.\n\nI went out on a date, one of these kind of dates, with this girl, and we went\nback over to her house, after we went to a movie or something, and she was sort\nof enamored by me. She was having a good time, and because of that she said,\n\"I've got to show you something. It's only because you're so special I'm going\nto show you this, so ssshhh. Be quiet.\" She went into her parents' bedroom, and\nshe came out with ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35088/file/104016#t=2940.0,2970.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35088/file/104016/transcript/21548/annotation/100","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"this big white box container, and she took it off and opened\nit up, and it had the Ku Klux Klan robe in it.\n\nBERMAN: Did she know you were Jewish?\n\nROYAL: She did not. No. This was like a one-night stand sort of thing almost. I\nmean it was just what the guys were doing. I cannot tell you how much I broke\nout into a cold sweat, because here I was being Jewish and just trying to sow\nyour wild oats, just trying to go out and ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35088/file/104016#t=2970.0,3000.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35088/file/104016/transcript/21548/annotation/101","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"have social experiences as a young\nteenage boy, and all of a sudden the fact that I am Jewish . . . I mean I had\nnot been thinking anything about Jewish that entire evening or those experiences\nthat we were having, and that was one of the last times I went out for that type\nof thing. It's out there, but most of the time in Birmingham, if you ask me\nabout being Jewish in Birmingham, most of the time you don't feel antisemitism.\nThere are these little things that ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35088/file/104016#t=3000.0,3030.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35088/file/104016/transcript/21548/annotation/102","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"happen, but most of the time it's way in the\nbackground. Today I personally don't feel it virtually at all. I don't hear . .\n. Nobody says anything antisemitic, and you have the opportunity to go out and\ndo things. You don't belong to the non-Jewish country clubs, but many of our\nkids' friends have gotten married, and we get invited to their weddings, and we\ngo to the country clubs. It's not like we're excluded ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35088/file/104016#t=3030.0,3060.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35088/file/104016/transcript/21548/annotation/103","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"physically from going\nthere, but it's not . . . if you intellectualize it, there certainly is that out\nthere, but it's not more overt.\n\nBERMAN: Just two final questions. Do you keep kosher in the home?\n\nROYAL: In the Fifties, when I was young, my family kept kosher. Then as . . . I\ncannot tell you exactly why . . . I think it ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35088/file/104016#t=3060.0,3090.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35088/file/104016/transcript/21548/annotation/104","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"probably had to do with my\ngrandparents passing away. They were all kosher, my grandparents, and then my\nparents were keeping kosher, and one of my grandmothers actually lived with us\nfor a while, so we kept kosher. I think it was after they passed away that we\nwere not strictly kosher. It was not easy to be . . . it still isn't. I mean\nit's easier, but historically it hasn't been easy to be kosher, to maintain a\nkosher home, in Birmingham. It just didn't have the products available.\n\nBERMAN: Was there a butcher shop?\n\nROYAL: There intermittently has been, ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35088/file/104016#t=3090.0,3120.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35088/file/104016/transcript/21548/annotation/105","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"but eventually now Publix [Supermarket] .\n. . There are places that you can get good quality kosher foods in Birmingham,\nbut historically the Orthodox people who through the last 50 years have\nmaintained kosher experiences have had to ship things in from Atlanta or other\nplaces to be able to do it. It's just been difficult, so we were not strictly\nkosher, but it's a kosher style living. Nobody ate any ham. Never had ham. Never\never saw ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35088/file/104016#t=3120.0,3150.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35088/file/104016/transcript/21548/annotation/106","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"ham in my house. No shellfish. The most egregious violations of the\nkosher rules you wouldn't see in my house, but we eventually didn't have\nseparate plates. It wasn't the milchig [Yiddish: dairy foods], fleishig\n[Yiddish: meat or fowl products] . . . mixing things. It was a kosher style, but\nnot a true kosher experience.\n\nBERMAN: Did you go to summer camp?\n\nROYAL: We did.\n\nBERMAN: Where did you go?\n\nROYAL: I went to a non-Jewish summer camp early on, but then I ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35088/file/104016#t=3150.0,3180.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35088/file/104016/transcript/21548/annotation/107","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"went to Camp Blue Star.\n\nSandy: So you knew the Popkins?\n\nROYAL: I knew the Popkins. I knew Harry Popkin and . . .\n\nBERMAN: Herman Popkin.\n\nROYAL: Herman Popkin, and Michael Popkin, who was Herman's son . . . no . . .\n\nBERMAN: Roger Popkin.\n\nROYAL: Roger Popkin, who was Herman's son, and Michael who was the other son.\nAnyway, yes, and I played basketball with them. They were my age, those two.\nMichael and Roger were my age. I will tell you that was some of the most\nimportant Jewish experiences I had growing up was going to Jewish camp. Again, I\nwent to a ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35088/file/104016#t=3180.0,3210.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35088/file/104016/transcript/21548/annotation/108","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"non-Jewish athletic secular camp, and then post-bar mitzvah went to\nthis thing, and it was just like . . . It was an emotional experience. It wasn't\njust fun. Being with Jewish people all the time, every day, and singing Jewish\nprayers, and caring about other people's Jewish experiences. It was the best. I\nwent there three years [as] a camper, and then went back as a waiter, and went\nback after I met my wife, my wife-to-be ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35088/file/104016#t=3210.0,3240.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35088/file/104016/transcript/21548/annotation/109","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Barbara, which I told you about. The\nsummer after we met, after we got introduced, I took her to camp Blue Star. We\nwere counselors at Camp Blue Star. I was actually in Houston in college, and she\nwas back at Georgia in college. We had this long distance--real long distance at\nthat time--relationship. Then we went to camp in North Carolina, and that was\nit. We had this ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35088/file/104016#t=3240.0,3270.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35088/file/104016/transcript/21548/annotation/110","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"budding relationship, and it became totally cemented at Camp\nBlue Star. I just cannot tell you how important that was to me.\n\nBERMAN: Did you send your kids to Blue Star, your children?\n\nROYAL: My kids, one of them went, and one of them didn't. One of them was not an\novernight camper, so he didn't do that. He went to JCC camp. The other one went\nto Camp Blue Star and loved it. It's just . . . I don't know the answer to\nassimilation. I don't know the answer to Jewish continuity. I wish I ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35088/file/104016#t=3270.0,3300.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35088/file/104016/transcript/21548/annotation/111","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"did. I\nwould have to say that has an important part. I think going to Israel . . . Both\nmy kids went to Israel, had summer experiences in Israel. We offered it, and one\nof them went to Jewish camp. I think it's a big, big part of maintaining Jewish identity.\n\nBERMAN: With that, I thank you. This was wonderful. We'll send you a copy, and\nwe really appreciate it.\n\nROYAL: Please do. Thank you.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35088/file/104016#t=3300.0,3330.0"}]},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35088/file/104016/annotation_set/303","type":"AnnotationPage","label":{"en":["Annotations [Transcript]"]},"items":[{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35088/file/104016/annotation_set/303/annotation/112","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe Southside community is situated on the slopes of Red Mountain, just south of the central business district.  It is one of the oldest residential neighborhoods and is home to the University of Alabama—Birmingham and its adjacent hospitals.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35088/file/104016#t=150.0,180.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35088/file/104016/annotation_set/303/annotation/113","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eTemple Beth-El was founded in 1907 and is a Conservative congregation.  The current rabbi (2014) is Randall Konigsburg.  On April 28, 1958, during the Civil Rights Era, dynamite was placed outside the synagogue but it failed to explode.   The crime was never officially solved.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35088/file/104016#t=180.0,210.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35088/file/104016/annotation_set/303/annotation/114","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eOrthodox Judaism is a traditional branch of Judaism that strictly follows the Written Torah and the Oral Law concerning prayer, dress, food, sex, family relations, social behavior, the Sabbath day, holidays and more.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35088/file/104016#t=330.0,360.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35088/file/104016/annotation_set/303/annotation/115","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eA form of Judaism that seeks to preserve Jewish tradition and ritual but has a more flexible approach to the interpretation of the law than Orthodox Judaism.  It attempts to combine a positive attitude toward modern culture, while preserving a commitment to Jewish observance.   They also observe gender equality (mixed seating, women rabbis and bat mitzvahs).\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35088/file/104016#t=330.0,360.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35088/file/104016/annotation_set/303/annotation/116","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eA division within Judaism especially in North America and the United Kingdom.  Historically it began in the nineteenth century.  In general, the Reform movement maintains that Judaism and Jewish traditions should be modernized and compatible with participation in Western culture.  While the Torah remains the law, in Reform Judaism women are included (mixed seating, bat mitzvah and women rabbis), music is allowed in the services and most of the service is in English.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35088/file/104016#t=330.0,360.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35088/file/104016/annotation_set/303/annotation/117","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe chazzan (cantor) is the official in charge of music or chants and leads liturgical prayer and chanting in the synagogue.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35088/file/104016#t=360.0,390.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35088/file/104016/annotation_set/303/annotation/118","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eBar mitzvah is Hebrew for ‘son of commandment.’ A rite of passage for Jewish boys aged 13 years and one day.  At that time, a Jewish boy is considered a responsible adult for most religious purposes.  He is now duty bound to keep the commandments, he puts on tefillin, and may be counted to the minyan quorum for public worship.  He celebrates the bar mitzvah by being called up to the reading of the Torah in the synagogue, usually on the next available Sabbath after his Hebrew birthday\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35088/file/104016#t=360.0,390.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35088/file/104016/annotation_set/303/annotation/119","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eAn adult male Jew who is trained and accredited by a rabbinic authority in the Jewish dietary laws.  Specifically, a shochet slaughters animals in a way prescribed by Jewish dietary laws to avoid pain to the animal as much as possible and to safeguard the health of the consumer.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35088/file/104016#t=390.0,420.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35088/file/104016/annotation_set/303/annotation/120","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eA shtetl is a small town, usually in Eastern Europe, with a significant Jewish presence in it.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35088/file/104016#t=390.0,420.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35088/file/104016/annotation_set/303/annotation/121","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eNorthside is the area north of downtown Birmingham.  It was annexed into the City of Birmingham in 1910.   Typically, it was an area of industrial and commercial development and the neighborhood into with new immigrants, including the wave of Eastern European Jews, moved.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35088/file/104016#t=420.0,450.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35088/file/104016/annotation_set/303/annotation/122","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eRabbi Abraham J. Mesch was the rabbi at Temple Beth-El for over 27 years, from 1935 to his death in 1962.  He was an ardent supporter and public advocate of Zionism.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35088/file/104016#t=480.0,510.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35088/file/104016/annotation_set/303/annotation/123","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eRabbi Brian Glusman came to Temple Beth-El in 2001 and left in 2009.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35088/file/104016#t=570.0,600.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35088/file/104016/annotation_set/303/annotation/124","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe Museum holds two oral histories of Karl Friedman:  OHC 10222 (2009) and OHC 10821 (2012).\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35088/file/104016#t=750.0,780.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35088/file/104016/annotation_set/303/annotation/125","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe Levite Jewish Community Center began as the Young Men’s Hebrew Association (YMHA) and was founded in 1887. It was a center for the Eastern European Jews of the Northside. Throughout the years, it served as a meeting spot for all sorts of Jewish organizations and was the site of many social events. In the 1950’s, it became the ‘Levite Jewish Community Center,’ and moved to $1,000,000 complex on Montclair Road.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35088/file/104016#t=780.0,810.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35088/file/104016/annotation_set/303/annotation/126","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eHillcrest Club was established in 1883 for German Jews.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35088/file/104016#t=900.0,930.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35088/file/104016/annotation_set/303/annotation/127","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eFairmont Club was established in 1920 for East European Jews.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35088/file/104016#t=900.0,930.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35088/file/104016/annotation_set/303/annotation/128","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eDevelopment Corporation for Israel, commonly known as ‘Israel Bonds,’ is a broker-dealer that underwrites securities issued by the State of Israel in the United States.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35088/file/104016#t=1080.0,1110.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35088/file/104016/annotation_set/303/annotation/129","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eA group of long-established colleges and universities in the eastern United States having high academic and social prestige.  It includes Harvard, Yale, Princeton, Columbia, Dartmouth, Cornell, Brown, and the University of Pennsylvania.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35088/file/104016#t=1290.0,1320.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35088/file/104016/annotation_set/303/annotation/130","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eHillel: The Foundation for Jewish Campus Life is a Jewish campus organization.  Its mission is to enrich the lives of Jewish students so they may enrich Jewish people and the world.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35088/file/104016#t=1290.0,1320.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35088/file/104016/annotation_set/303/annotation/131","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eJDate is an online dating service aimed at Jewish singles.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35088/file/104016#t=1350.0,1380.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35088/file/104016/annotation_set/303/annotation/132","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eCommonly known as ‘JFK.’  John Kennedy was the 35th President of the United States, serving from 1961 until November 22, 1963 when he was assassinated in Dallas, Texas.  He was a Democrat.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35088/file/104016#t=1440.0,1470.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35088/file/104016/annotation_set/303/annotation/133","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eBrown v. Board of Education of Topeka was a landmark decision of the United States Supreme Court that declared state laws establishing separate public schools for black and white students unconstitutional. The ruling paved the way for integration and the civil rights movement.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35088/file/104016#t=1440.0,1470.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35088/file/104016/annotation_set/303/annotation/134","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eA contemptuous term or ethnic slur for a black or dark-skinned person.  The word originated as a neutral term referring to people with black skin, as a variation of the noun ‘negro.’  Today it is racist insult.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35088/file/104016#t=1530.0,1560.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35088/file/104016/annotation_set/303/annotation/135","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eOn September 15, 1963 a bomb exploded before Sunday morning services at the 16th Street Baptist Church in Birmingham, Alabama—a church with a predominantly black congregation that served as a meeting place for civil rights leaders. Four young girls were killed and many other people injured; outrage over the incident and the violent clash between protesters and police that followed helped draw national attention to the hard-fought, often dangerous struggle for civil rights for African Americans.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35088/file/104016#t=1560.0,1590.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35088/file/104016/annotation_set/303/annotation/136","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe American Civil Rights Movement encompasses social movements in the United States whose goal was to end racial segregation and discrimination against black Americans and enforce constitutional voting rights to them. The movement was characterized by major campaigns of civil resistance. Between 1955 and 1968, acts of nonviolent protest and civil disobedience produced crisis situations between activists and government authorities. Noted legislative achievements during this phase of the Civil Rights Movement were passage of the Civil Rights Act of 1964, the Voting Rights Act of 1965, the Immigration and Nationality Services Act of 1965, and the Fair Housing Act of 1968.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35088/file/104016#t=1680.0,1710.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35088/file/104016/annotation_set/303/annotation/137","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe Jewish Theological Seminary in New York City, New York was founded in 1886 by Dr. Sabato Morais and Dr. H. Pereira Mendes, along with a group of prominent lay leaders from Sephardic congregations in Philadelphia and New York.  Its mission was to preserve the knowledge and practice of historical Judaism by educating intellectual and spiritual leaders for Conservative Judaism. \u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35088/file/104016#t=1860.0,1890.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35088/file/104016/annotation_set/303/annotation/138","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eIn 1963 as Birmingham struggled in the throes of the Civil Rights era, Martin Luther King Jr. made pleas to the Birmingham clergy, including rabbis, to support his marches.  When the Jewish rabbis counseled patience and moderation and asked him to wait for desegregation laws to take effect, King called them out on their perceived passivity in a “Letter from a Birmingham Jail.”  The letter gained national attention and a few weeks later a group of 19 Conservative rabbis from the North, outraged by the images they saw on the TV of black protestors being beaten, arrived in Birmingham. They didn’t tell anyone in the Jewish community they were coming, which angered the rabbis and many Jews in Birmingham. After talking with King in the Birmingham jail, they toured black churches making speeches of support. Then they left. The whole episode appeared high-handed to the Birmingham Jewish community, and they feared an antisemitic backlash from the Ku Klux Klan.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35088/file/104016#t=1860.0,1890.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35088/file/104016/annotation_set/303/annotation/139","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eHasidic Judaism is a Jewish mystical movement that was founded in eighteenth century Eastern Europe by Rabbi Israel Baal Shem Tov. It promotes spirituality through the popularization and internalization of Jewish mysticism as the fundamental aspect of the faith.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35088/file/104016#t=2250.0,2280.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35088/file/104016/annotation_set/303/annotation/140","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eChabad is a Hasidic movement in Orthodox Judaism.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35088/file/104016#t=2250.0,2280.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35088/file/104016/annotation_set/303/annotation/141","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eHumanistic Judaism embraces a human-centered philosophy that combines the celebration of Jewish culture and identity with an adherence to humanistic values and ideas.  It offers a nontheistic alternative.  Humanistic Jews value their Jewish identity and the aspects of Jewish culture that offer a genuine expression of their contemporary way of life.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35088/file/104016#t=2250.0,2280.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35088/file/104016/annotation_set/303/annotation/142","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eFounded in 1880, the Metropolitan Opera, commonly referred to as the ‘Met’ is a company based in New York City, at the Metropolitan Opera House at the Lincoln Center for the Performing Arts. It presents about 27 different operas each year in a season which lasts from late September through May.  Outside of New York the Met has been known to audiences in large measure through its many years of live radio broadcasts dating back to 1910.  Currently, the annual Met broadcast season typically begins the first week of December and offers 20 live Saturday matinée performances through May. (2015)\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35088/file/104016#t=2280.0,2310.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35088/file/104016/annotation_set/303/annotation/143","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eWhite Anglo-Saxon Protestant (WASP) is often a disparaging term, which originated in the 1950’s to describe persons who are perceived as belonging to an American Protestant upper class and who enjoy financial and social privilege\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35088/file/104016#t=2460.0,2490.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35088/file/104016/annotation_set/303/annotation/144","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe Birmingham Civil Rights Institute opened in November 1992.  Its mission is to enlighten each generation about civil and human rights by exploring our common past and working together in the present to build a better future. \u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35088/file/104016#t=2580.0,2610.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35088/file/104016/annotation_set/303/annotation/145","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eUnited Way is a national system of volunteers, contributors and local charities helping people in their own communities.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35088/file/104016#t=2610.0,2640.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35088/file/104016/annotation_set/303/annotation/146","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eH. Sophie Newcomb Memorial College, or Newcomb College, was the coordinate women’s college of Tulane University in New Orleans.  It was founded in 1886 by Josephine Louise Newcomb in memory of her daughter, Sophie, who died in 1870 at the age of 15.  In 2006 it was merged into other Tulane undergraduate colleges\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35088/file/104016#t=2640.0,2670.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35088/file/104016/annotation_set/303/annotation/147","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eHebrew for “head of the year’, i.e. New Year festival.   The cycle of High Holy Days begins with Rosh Ha-Shanah.  It introduces the Ten Days of Penitence, when Jews examine their souls and take stock of their actions.  On the tenth day is Yom Kippur, the Day of Atonement.  The tradition is that on Rosh Ha-Shanah, G-d sits in judgment on humanity.  Then the fate of every living creature is inscribed in the Book of Life or Death.  These decisions may be revoked by prayer and repentance before the sealing of the books on Yom Kippur.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35088/file/104016#t=2820.0,2850.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35088/file/104016/annotation_set/303/annotation/148","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eHebrew for “Day of Atonement.”  The most sacred day of the Jewish year.  Yom Kippur is a 25-hour fast day.  Most of the day is spent in prayer, reciting yizkor for deceased relatives, confessing sins, requesting divine forgiveness, and listening to Torah readings and sermons.  People greet each other with the wish that they may be sealed in the heavenly book for a good year ahead.  The day ends with the blowing of the shofar (a ram’s horn).\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35088/file/104016#t=2820.0,2850.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35088/file/104016/annotation_set/303/annotation/149","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe idea that Jews have horns apparently began with a mistranslation of Exodus 34:29—“…and Moses didn’t know that his face shone when He [G-d] spoke with him.” The Hebrew word for the verb “shone” is “karan” and is phonetically close to the word ‘keren,’ which can mean ‘horn.’  The error was compounded by Michelangelo, in his sculpture of Moses, which portrays Moses with two horns.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35088/file/104016#t=2820.0,2850.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35088/file/104016/annotation_set/303/annotation/150","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eShoney’s is a chain of restaurants that began as a drive-in restaurant in Charleston, West Virginia.  It is a casual family-oriented dining destination now in 16 states.  (2016)\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35088/file/104016#t=2910.0,2940.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35088/file/104016/annotation_set/303/annotation/151","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe Ku Klux Klan (or Knights of the Ku Klux Klan today) is a white supremacist, white nationalist, anti-immigration, anti-Jewish, anti-Catholic, anti-black secret society, whose methods included terrorism and murder.  It was founded in the South in the 1860’s and the died out and come back several times, most notably in the 1920’s when membership soared again, and then again in the 1960’s during the civil rights era.  When the Klan was re-founded in 1915 in Georgia, the event was marked by a cross burning on Stone Mountain. In the past it members dressed up in white robes and a pointed hat designed to hide their identity and to terrify. It is still in existence\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35088/file/104016#t=2970.0,3000.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35088/file/104016/annotation_set/303/annotation/152","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eKosher/Kashrut is the set of Jewish dietary laws. Food that may be consumed according to halakhah (Jewish law) is termed ‘kosher’ in English. Kosher refers to Jewish laws that dictate how food is prepared or served and which kinds of foods or animals can be eaten. Food that is not in accordance with Jewish law is called ‘treif.’ The word ‘kosher’ has become English vernacular, a colloquialism meaning ‘proper,’ ‘legitimate,’ ‘genuine,’ ‘fair,’ or ‘acceptable.’ Kosher can also be used to describe ritual objects that are made in accordance with Jewish law and are fit for ritual use.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35088/file/104016#t=3060.0,3090.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35088/file/104016/annotation_set/303/annotation/153","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eBlue Star Camps is a Jewish summer camp located in the Blue Ridge Mountains of western North Carolina.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35088/file/104016#t=3180.0,3210.0"}]},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35088/file/104016/index/47547","type":"AnnotationPage","label":{"en":["Royal, Stuart [Index]"]},"items":[{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35088/file/104016/index/47547/annotation/154","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Family Background in Birmingham, Alabama","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Title"]}}],"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35088/file/104016#t=20.0,467.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35088/file/104016/index/47547/annotation/155","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I’d like to begin by just asking you to tell me a little bit about your background and how you and your family ended up Birmingham.","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Partial Transcript"]}}],"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35088/file/104016#t=20.0,467.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35088/file/104016/index/47547/annotation/156","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Bar Mitzvah","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Birmingham News","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Birmingham, Alabama","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Cincinatti","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Friedman, Karl","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Germany","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Mountain Brook","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Poland","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Royal, Elaine Friedman","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Royal, Joseph Barnett","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Rubenstein, Mickey Friedman","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Russia","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"shochets","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Temple Beth-El","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}}],"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35088/file/104016#t=20.0,467.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35088/file/104016/index/47547/annotation/157","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Growing up in Temple Beth-El, Rabbis, and Jewish Life as a Child in Birmingham","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Title"]}}],"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35088/file/104016#t=467.0,1036.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35088/file/104016/index/47547/annotation/158","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"When [Temple] Beth-El was founded, it couldn’t have been founded as a Conservative synagogue.  It was an Orthodox synagogue originally, correct?","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Partial Transcript"]}}],"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35088/file/104016#t=467.0,1036.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35088/file/104016/index/47547/annotation/159","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Fairmont Club","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Hillcrest Club","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Levite Jewish Community Center","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Public School","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Rabbi Abraham Mesch","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Rabbi Brian Glusman","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Rabbi Morton A. 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Was there discussion here at the Temple?  What can you recall about that era?","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Partial Transcript"]}}],"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35088/file/104016#t=1401.0,2210.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35088/file/104016/index/47547/annotation/165","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"16th Street Baptist Church Bombing","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"1963","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"African American-Jewish Relations","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Civil Rights Movement","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Desegregation","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Jewish Theological Seminary","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}}],"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35088/file/104016#t=1401.0,2210.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35088/file/104016/index/47547/annotation/166","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Birmingham Jewish Community and Community Relations","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Title"]}}],"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35088/file/104016#t=2210.0,3074.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35088/file/104016/index/47547/annotation/167","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Are you glad you grew up in a southern city, in Birmingham?","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Partial Transcript"]}}],"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35088/file/104016#t=2210.0,3074.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35088/file/104016/index/47547/annotation/168","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Chabad","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Cultural Arts","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Humanistic Judaism","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}}],"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35088/file/104016#t=2210.0,3074.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35088/file/104016/index/47547/annotation/169","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Kosher and Jewish Summer Camp","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Title"]}}],"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35088/file/104016#t=3074.0,3327.914"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35088/file/104016/index/47547/annotation/170","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Do you keep kosher in the home?","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Partial Transcript"]}}],"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35088/file/104016#t=3074.0,3327.914"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35088/file/104016/index/47547/annotation/171","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Camp Blue Star","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Kashrut","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Popkin Family","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Popkin, Harry","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Popkin, Herman","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Popkin, Roger","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}}],"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35088/file/104016#t=3074.0,3327.914"}]}]}]}