{"@context":"http://iiif.io/api/presentation/3/context.json","id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/iiif/445h990068/manifest","type":"Manifest","label":{"en":["Frank, Sherry Zimmerman (1993)"]},"logo":"https://d9jk7wjtjpu5g.cloudfront.net/organizations/logo_images/000/000/082/original/TheBreman_SecondaryMark_Horizontal_Blue_Black.png?1713640889","metadata":[{"label":{"en":["Date"]},"value":{"en":["1993-04-21 (captured)","1993-06-16 (captured)","1994-04-27 (captured)"]}},{"label":{"en":["Agent"]},"value":{"en":["Frank, Sherry Zimmerman (1942-) (Interviewee)","Schoenberg, Ann Hoffman (Interviewer)"]}},{"label":{"en":["Format"]},"value":{"en":["video"]}},{"label":{"en":["Source"]},"value":{"en":["The William Breman Jewish Heritage Museum","Esther and Herbert Taylor Oral History Collection","Jewish Oral History Project of Atlanta"]}},{"label":{"en":["Description"]},"value":{"en":["\u003cp\u003eSherry Zimmerman Frank was interviewed by Ann Hoffman Schoenberg on April 21, 1993, June 16, 1993, and April 27, 1994 in Atlanta, Georgia. \u003c/p\u003e (general)","\u003cp\u003eSherry Zimmerman Frank, the daughter of Esther Horowitz Zimmerman and Jack Haynes Zimmerman, was born in Atlanta in 1942 and grew up in the Morningside area. Her father died when Sherry was eleven years old. Sherry’s family attended both Ahavath Achim and Shearith Israel congregations. She met Leonard Frank when they were both at Grady High School. She attended Stephens College, and after one year, returned to Atlanta to marry Leonard. Together they had four children, Jacqueline, Laura, Jacob and Andrew. Her and her family lived in New Jersey and Tennessee, but after her and Leonard divorced, Sherry returned to the Atlanta area with her four children and began working in the Jewish community.\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\u003cp\u003eSherry was the Executive Director for the Southeast Region of the American Jewish Committee for 25 years. She was also President of the National Council of Jewish Women, served on the board of Ahavath Achim, and was Vice President of the Epstein School. While at the American Jewish Committee, she helped found many groups including the Atlanta Black/Jewish Coalition, ACCESS, and Faith Alliance of Metro Atlanta. Sherry was involved in the Civil Rights Movement, social justice causes, interfaith relations, and the Soviet Jewry movement. She was also active in political campaigns for local, state, and national elections, and had a strong connection to Congressman John Lewis. She has dedicated much of her life to combatting all forms of discrimination, preserving Jewish history, and building support for Israel. Her book, A \u003cem\u003ePassion to Serve: Memoirs of a Jewish Activist,\u003c/em\u003e was published in 2019, offering a detailed look at her fifty years of activism and community service. \u003c/p\u003e (bioghist)","\u003cp\u003eIn the April 21, 1993 interview, Sherry shares a brief family history, and describes what it was like growing up in Atlanta. She talks about her classmates and being involved in B’nai B’rith Girls. She recalls going to Stephens College, her marriage to Leonard Frank, and talks about their four children. Sherry remembers her parents, and the impact they had on her. She talks about her volunteer work, as well as her political involvement, including her close relationship with John Lewis. \u003c/p\u003e\r\n\u003cp\u003e \u003c/p\u003e (scope content)","\u003cp\u003eIn the June 16, 1993 interview, Sherry discusses her family history, her parents, and their impact on her. She remembers some of her significant peers, and talks about others who have had an influence on her. Sherry describes B’nai B’rith girls, and young adulthood in Atlanta more generally. She recalls her volunteer and career work, and discusses how the Civil Rights Movement impacted her work and thinking. She tells some of her most significant accomplishments and talks about being a feminist within the Jewish community. \u003c/p\u003e\r\n\u003cp\u003e \u003c/p\u003e (scope content)","\u003cp\u003eIn the April 27, 1994 interview, Sherry talks about her work with the American Jewish Committee. She recalls the work she did with the Black/Jewish Coalition at the American Jewish Committee and discusses the current state of Jewish and black relations in Atlanta. She shares the work the American Jewish Committee did with youth, both in black and Jewish relations, and in leadership. Sherry elaborates on both interfaith and interethnic relations in Atlanta, and her role in building those relationships. Lastly, she talks about some of her additional accomplishments beyond the American Jewish Committee. \u003c/p\u003e (scope content)"]}},{"label":{"en":["Source Metadata URI"]},"value":{"en":["https://archivesspace.thebreman.org/repositories/2/archival_objects/28617"]}},{"label":{"en":["Rights Statement"]},"value":{"en":["\u003cp\u003eAll rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, recorded by any information storage and retrieval system, without the express written consent of the William Breman Jewish Heritage Museum.\u003c/p\u003e"]}},{"label":{"en":["Subject"]},"value":{"en":["Eizenstat, Stuart (1943-) (personal name)","Mossman, Sydney (personal name)","Goodman, Arnold M. (personal name)","Dwoskin, Harry (1907-1990) (personal name)","Cleland, Joseph M. (1942-2021) (personal name)","Young, Andrew (1932-) (personal name)","Fowler, Wyche (1940-) (personal name)","Lewis, John (1940-2020) (personal name)","Bond, Julian (1940-2015) (personal name)","King, Martin Luther Jr. (1929-1968) (personal name)","King, Martin Luther (1899-1984) (personal name)","Epstein, Harry H. (1903-2003) (personal name)","Marcus, Sidney J. (1928-1983) (personal name)","Jackson, Maynard (1938-2003) (personal name)","Cohen, Gerald (1919-2009) (personal name)","Levitas, Elliot H. (1930-2022) (personal name)","Cole, Johnnetta (1936-) (personal name)","Alexander, Cecil (1918-2013) (personal name)","King, Coretta Scott (1927-2006) (personal name)","Frank, Leo M. (1884-1915) (personal name)","Muhammad, Elijah (1897-1975) (personal name)","Farrakhan, Louis (1933-) (personal name)","Sugarman, Alvin (1938-) (personal name)","Shearith Israel (corporate name)","Ahavath Achim (corporate name)","B’nai B’rith Girls (corporate name)","National Council of Jewish Women (corporate name)","Daughters of Zion (corporate name)","The William Breman Jewish Home (corporate name)","Aleph Zadik Aleph (corporate name)","Stephens College (corporate name)","Blue Star Camps (corporate name)","American Jewish Committee (corporate name)","Perry Homes (corporate name)","Soviet Jewry (corporate name)","Southern Israelite (corporate name)","Hadassah (corporate name)","B’nai B’rith (corporate name)","The Temple (corporate name)","B’nai B’rith Youth Organization (corporate name)","Jewels of Judea (corporate name)","Jewish Federation of Greater Atlanta (corporate name)","Women’s Plea for Soviet Jewry (corporate name)","Black/Jewish Coalition (corporate name)","Concerned Black Clergy (corporate name)","Inner Circle (corporate name)","ACCESS (corporate name)","International Council of Christians and Jews (corporate name)","Atlanta Interfaith Coalition (corporate name)","Palestine Liberation Organization (corporate name)","Oz Ve Shalom (corporate name)","Latin American Association (corporate name)","Project Interchange (corporate name)","Korean Community Relations Council (corporate name)","Israel (geographic term)","Russia (geographic term)","Atlanta, Georgia (geographic term)","Columbus, Missouri (geographic term)","Plainfield, New Jersey (geographic term)","King Center (geographic term)","Mount Scopus (geographic term)","Perry Homes (geographic term)","Selma, Alabama (geographic term)","Forsyth County, Georgia (geographic term)","South Africa (geographic term)","Palestine (geographic term)","The Vatican (geographic term)","Soviet Union (geographic term)","Yizkor (topical term)","Voting Rights Act of 1965 (topical term)","Kaddish (topical term)","Yahrzeit (topical term)","Shul (topical term)","Basketball (topical term)","Civil Rights Movement (topical term)","Jewish-black relations (topical term)","Jewish-Korean relations (topical term)","Feminism (topical term)","Tallit (topical term)","Bat mitzvah (topical term)","Gulf War (topical term)","Aliyah (topical term)","Seder (topical term)","Haggadah (topical term)","Antisemitism (topical term)","Racism (topical term)","Reform Judaism (topical term)","Conservative Judaism (topical term)","Orthodox Judaism (topical term)","Nostra Atatae (topical term)","Rosh Hodesh (topical term)"]}}],"summary":{"en":["\u003cp\u003eSherry Zimmerman Frank was interviewed by Ann Hoffman Schoenberg on April 21, 1993, June 16, 1993, and April 27, 1994 in Atlanta, Georgia.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSherry Zimmerman Frank, the daughter of Esther Horowitz Zimmerman and Jack Haynes Zimmerman, was born in Atlanta in 1942 and grew up in the Morningside area. Her father died when Sherry was eleven years old. Sherry\u0026rsquo;s family attended both Ahavath Achim and Shearith Israel congregations. She met Leonard Frank when they were both at Grady High School. She attended Stephens College, and after one year, returned to Atlanta to marry Leonard. Together they had four children, Jacqueline, Laura, Jacob and Andrew. Her and her family lived in New Jersey and Tennessee, but after her and Leonard divorced, Sherry returned to the Atlanta area with her four children and began working in the Jewish community.\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\u003cp\u003eSherry was the Executive Director for the Southeast Region of the American Jewish Committee for 25 years. She was also President of the National Council of Jewish Women, served on the board of Ahavath Achim, and was Vice President of the Epstein School. While at the American Jewish Committee, she helped found many groups including the Atlanta Black/Jewish Coalition, ACCESS, and Faith Alliance of Metro Atlanta. Sherry was involved in the Civil Rights Movement, social justice causes, interfaith relations, and the Soviet Jewry movement. She was also active in political campaigns for local, state, and national elections, and had a strong connection to Congressman John Lewis. She has dedicated much of her life to combatting all forms of discrimination, preserving Jewish history, and building support for Israel. Her book, A \u003cem\u003ePassion to Serve: Memoirs of a Jewish Activist,\u003c/em\u003e was published in 2019, offering a detailed look at her fifty years of activism and community service.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIn the April 21, 1993 interview, Sherry shares a brief family history, and describes what it was like growing up in Atlanta. She talks about her classmates and being involved in B\u0026rsquo;nai B\u0026rsquo;rith Girls. She recalls going to Stephens College, her marriage to Leonard Frank, and talks about their four children. Sherry remembers her parents, and the impact they had on her. She talks about her volunteer work, as well as her political involvement, including her close relationship with John Lewis.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIn the June 16, 1993 interview, Sherry discusses her family history, her parents, and their impact on her. She remembers some of her significant peers, and talks about others who have had an influence on her. Sherry describes B\u0026rsquo;nai B\u0026rsquo;rith girls, and young adulthood in Atlanta more generally. She recalls her volunteer and career work, and discusses how the Civil Rights Movement impacted her work and thinking. She tells some of her most significant accomplishments and talks about being a feminist within the Jewish community.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIn the April 27, 1994 interview, Sherry talks about her work with the American Jewish Committee. She recalls the work she did with the Black/Jewish Coalition at the American Jewish Committee and discusses the current state of Jewish and black relations in Atlanta. She shares the work the American Jewish Committee did with youth, both in black and Jewish relations, and in leadership. Sherry elaborates on both interfaith and interethnic relations in Atlanta, and her role in building those relationships. Lastly, she talks about some of her additional accomplishments beyond the American Jewish Committee.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e"]},"requiredStatement":{"label":{"en":["Attribution"]},"value":{"en":["\u003cp\u003eAll rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, recorded by any information storage and retrieval system, without the express written consent of the William Breman Jewish Heritage Museum.\u003c/p\u003e"]}},"provider":[{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/aboutus","type":"Agent","label":{"en":["William Breman Jewish Heritage Museum"]},"homepage":[{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/","type":"Text","label":{"en":["William Breman Jewish Heritage Museum"]},"format":"text/html"}],"logo":[{"id":"https://d9jk7wjtjpu5g.cloudfront.net/organizations/logo_images/000/000/082/original/TheBreman_SecondaryMark_Horizontal_Blue_Black.png?1713640889","type":"Image"}]}],"thumbnail":[{"id":"https://d9jk7wjtjpu5g.cloudfront.net/collection_resource_files/thumbnails/000/118/737/small/Sherry_Frank.png?1625059864","type":"Image","format":"image/png"}],"items":[{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45678/file/118737","type":"Canvas","label":{"en":["Media File 1 of 1 - Frank_Sherry.mp3"]},"duration":10200.86857,"width":640,"height":360,"thumbnail":[{"id":"https://d9jk7wjtjpu5g.cloudfront.net/collection_resource_files/thumbnails/000/118/737/small/Sherry_Frank.png?1625059864","type":"Image","format":"image/png"}],"items":[{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45678/file/118737/content/1","type":"AnnotationPage","items":[{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45678/file/118737/content/1/annotation/1","type":"Annotation","motivation":"painting","body":{"id":"https://aviary-p-thebreman.s3.wasabisys.com/collection_resource_files/resource_files/000/118/737/original/Frank_Sherry.mp3?1624978273","type":"Audio","format":"audio/mp3","duration":10200.86857,"width":640,"height":360},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45678/file/118737","metadata":[]}]}],"annotations":[{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45678/file/118737/transcript/42096","type":"AnnotationPage","label":{"en":["Frank, Sherry [Transcript]"]},"items":[{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45678/file/118737/transcript/42096/annotation/1","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"SCHOENBERG: This is Ann Hoffman Schoenberg interviewing Sherry Zimmerman Frank\non the 21st of April, 1993, for the Jewish Oral History Project of Atlanta,\nco-sponsored by the American Jewish Committee, the Atlanta Jewish Federation,\nand the National Council of Jewish Women (NCJW). We are doing this interview at\nan open board meeting at NCJW headquarters on Miami Circle in Atlanta, Georgia.\nIt is 10:00 in the morning, and you're nice and ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45678/file/118737#t=0.0,30.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45678/file/118737/transcript/42096/annotation/2","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"fresh, and I'm going to ask you,\nif you would, to tell us how your family came to Atlanta, Georgia.\n\nFRANK: My father is a native, he was born here. My grandparents emigrated to\nthis country from Europe. My mother was born in this country and was born in\nBrooklyn, New York and raised there until she married my father and moved to Atlanta.\n\nSCHOENBERG: Would you tell us the names of your parents?\n\nFRANK: My grandfather was Joseph Horowitz. My grandmother was Bertha Horowitz.\nGrandfather was a line typesetter for The Yiddish Press in New York, ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45678/file/118737#t=30.0,60.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45678/file/118737/transcript/42096/annotation/3","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and my\ngrandmother was a homemaker. My mother's name was Esther Horowitz Zimmerman and\nmy father was Jack Haynes Zimmerman.\n\nSCHOENBERG: Would you spell that middle name, please?\n\nFRANK: H-A-Y-N-E-S. My mother said he made it up. I'm not sure, but my brother's\nchildren have that middle name, too, so . . .\n\nSCHOENBERG: What part of Europe did they emigrate from?\n\nFRANK: I only know Russia, but I don't know [where].\n\nSCHOENBERG: How did they choose Atlanta, Georgia? Do ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45678/file/118737#t=60.0,90.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45678/file/118737/transcript/42096/annotation/4","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"you remember what year the\ngrandparents came?\n\nFRANK: My father's parents passed away before I was born—or my grandmother was\nalive when I was just a couple of years old—so I don't know where their roots\nwere. I think they were even native Georgians, I don't think my father was the\nfirst generation. So they date back a long time. The Zimmerman family's roots\nare in Europe. In fact, I always knew the name Zimmerman . . . When I found\nrelatives in Israel, their name was Simma, so I don't know whether that was an\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45678/file/118737#t=90.0,120.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45678/file/118737/transcript/42096/annotation/5","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"early family name from Russia.\n\nSCHOENBERG: The family was affiliated with which synagogue?\n\nFRANK: In the early days, Shearith Israel was referred to as the \"Zimmerman\nShul.\" When you look at the wall of past presidents at Shearith Israel, many\nearly presidents are Zimmermans. I grew up at the Shearith Israel for holidays,\nand all my friends were at the AA, Ahavath Achim. I went to religious school at\nthe AA, and spent all my holidays at Shearith ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45678/file/118737#t=120.0,150.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45678/file/118737/transcript/42096/annotation/6","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Israel.\n\nSCHOENBERG: That must have been lonely, because most children in those\nyears—we're talking, what—in the 1950s . . . ?\n\nFRANK: It's interesting. First of all, men and women sat separate, which I think\nimpacted my attitude towards that today. Maybe that gave me an early desire to\nbe a feminist in rebellion. But the neat thing, when you were a kid, was that\nnobody upstairs paid attention and so kids could stay outside. There was a\nwonderful group—very small—but a wonderful group of Atlantans who were my age\nand members of Shearith ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45678/file/118737#t=150.0,180.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45678/file/118737/transcript/42096/annotation/7","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Israel. Harriet Maziar Leibowitz, and PearlAnn Golden\nHorowitz, and Robin Sasher Burger and I spent all of our yontifs in the hall, or\nat my house during the holidays. So that was the group at Shearith Israel.\n\nSCHOENBERG: And who were your friends at school and at AA?\n\nFRANK: Those friends from Shearith Israel were some of my friends. Peggy\nAlterman Shulman who heads JNF [Jewish National Fund] was a close friend, Elaine\nand Marilyn Greenbaum—who we used to call the \"Greenbaum Twins,\" ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45678/file/118737#t=180.0,210.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45678/file/118737/transcript/42096/annotation/8","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"who now live\nin New York—were close childhood friends. I was very close to my cousin who was\nin my grade, Lynn Harris Goodman.\n\nSCHOENBERG: Were all of you living in that North Highland area, or where was\nyour home?\n\nFRANK: Yes.\n\nSCHOENBERG: Where exactly was your home?\n\nFRANK: I lived on Zimmer Drive, but the street was named Zimmer Drive before\nZimmermans moved on the street. It was a very Jewish street. It was the\nMorningside area. I ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45678/file/118737#t=210.0,240.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45678/file/118737/transcript/42096/annotation/9","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"remember thinking my parents made me walk for miles to\nschool, and now when I drive from Morningside [Elementary] School to Zimmer\nDrive, it's not even three blocks. I remember trucking roller skates and\nbicycles up to the top of the hill and thinking I was going down Mount Everest.\nNow I drive down that street and it's barely a slope. But Peggy Shulman lived on\nthe street. Peggy Alterman's cousin was Edward Sugarman. I used to go to Peggy's\nall the time in hopes that her older cousin would be there. The Franco family\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45678/file/118737#t=240.0,270.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45678/file/118737/transcript/42096/annotation/10","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"lived on the street, two Alterman families . . . It was an amazing Jewish\nstreet. Barbara Hartman Orkin's house was across the street and two over from\nme. They had an extra lot that was a garden, and I was sure that was the \"Secret\nGarden\" from the book. It's just funny to see people grown up. The street was\nfilled with significant Jews.\n\nSCHOENBERG: Which of your friends do you feel have made a significant impact,\nother than yourself, on the ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45678/file/118737#t=270.0,300.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45678/file/118737/transcript/42096/annotation/11","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Jewish community?\n\nFRANK: Well, the star of our class was Stuart Eizenstat. He went the farthest.\nBut it's an activist class. Peggy Shulman's at JNF. PearlAnn Horowitz and Robin\nSasher are doing great things for disabled and handicapped people. Mark\nLichtenstein was in our class. He's continued to carry influence at the\nFederation [The Jewish Federation of Greater Atlanta.] I guess those are the key ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45678/file/118737#t=300.0,330.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45678/file/118737/transcript/42096/annotation/12","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"folks.\n\nSCHOENBERG: To what do you attribute the fact that so many of you had such a\nstrong feeling for Jewish organizational work?\n\nFRANK: We were a very close Jewish community. I remember at Grady High School—I\ndon't know what percentage of the school was Jewish, but—our entire BBG [B'nai\nB'rith Girls] group could have a meeting at lunch, even though we were friends\nwith some of our Christian neighbors. A couple of us, like Eleanor [Danamon]\nBlass, was a cheerleader, and ultimately was president of the student body,\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45678/file/118737#t=330.0,360.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45678/file/118737/transcript/42096/annotation/13","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"which was very exciting then. We were very tight as a Jewish group. I had a\nlittle group of \"Six Musketeers\" and we had a playhouse in the back of my yard.\nAll of our immediate friends were Jewish, all the guys we ran around with . . .\n\nSCHOENBERG: You never dated non-Jewish [boys]?\n\nFRANK: Well, we weren't supposed to, but in my senior year I had a big-time\ncrush on somebody who wasn't Jewish. I wouldn't ask my mother if I could go to\nthe graduation party with him, so I ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45678/file/118737#t=360.0,390.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45678/file/118737/transcript/42096/annotation/14","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"went with Stuart Eizenstat and met him [the\nnon-Jewish boy] at the party.\n\nSCHOENBERG: And whom did Stuart meet?\n\nFRANK: I think Stuart was actually too shy to go out with anyone, so it was very convenient.\n\nSCHOENBERG: How did your parents meet? You said that your mother's family were\nin Brooklyn. Did they eventually move to Atlanta? Is that how your parents met?\n\nFRANK: Yes. My father had a sister who was married and lived in New York, in\nBrooklyn. My mother met her, and then she ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45678/file/118737#t=390.0,420.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45678/file/118737/transcript/42096/annotation/15","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"fixed Mother up with Dad. But my\ngrandparents ultimately did move once Mother married and moved down here. She\nhad only one brother—who also migrated to Atlanta—so her whole immediate\nfamily was here.\n\nSCHOENBERG: And you have siblings?\n\nFRANK: I have one brother.\n\nSCHOENBERG: Whose name is . . . ?\n\nFRANK: His name is Neil Zimmerman, and he lives in Houston [Texas]. He is\nmarried to someone named Sherry, so there's another Sherry Zimmerman. They have\ntwo children.\n\nSCHOENBERG: And what does he do?\n\nFRANK: ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45678/file/118737#t=420.0,450.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45678/file/118737/transcript/42096/annotation/16","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"He works with an oil company, and I'll think about the name of what he is.\n\nSCHOENBERG: Oh, that's all right. He's not involved with the Jewish community, however?\n\nFRANK: No, not at all. We are polar opposites.\n\nSCHOENBERG: The people I spoke with indicated that you were a decent student.\n\nFRANK: No, my brother was smart. I was much busier with my organizational work,\nand school was just a minor past time. I was much too busy running the world to ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45678/file/118737#t=450.0,480.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45678/file/118737/transcript/42096/annotation/17","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"study.\n\nSCHOENBERG: What organizations were you active in when you were in school?\n\nFRANK: BBG was my thing. I always ran for everything, and lost, too. It was very\ndiscouraging. It just didn't stop. In fact, when I was NCJW [National Council of\nJewish Women] president, I was sure they had just saved the best for last.\nBecause all through BBG I'd run for everything and wouldn't get that, and [I'd]\nget the next office. Then I ran for student [body] president and got vice\npresident at college. Finally, I [was president at] NCJW. Actually, I even was\nto be president of the New Jersey chapter and we ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45678/file/118737#t=480.0,510.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45678/file/118737/transcript/42096/annotation/18","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"moved. So I had this feeling\nthat I was never going to be president of anything. But the Atlanta Chapter\nsaved me. It was called chapter—now it's section.\n\nSCHOENBERG: Tell me about your BBG chapter—because it obviously was an\nimportant incident in several of your contemporaries' lives—and how that came\nabout. How was that chapter formed?\n\nFRANK: We were a very, very, tight-knit Jewish crowd. We were all at the AA\nsynagogue. Most of us all lived in that ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45678/file/118737#t=510.0,540.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45678/file/118737/transcript/42096/annotation/19","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"area. There was a large group of girls\nmy age, and BBG was very strong. DOZ was a sorority in Atlanta.\n\nSCHOENBERG: Which stood for . . . ?\n\nFRANK: Daughters of Zion. But it was just snobby, and they took very few people,\nand it was really a big deal to get in. Some of us viewed that that was the\nthing for Reform Jews to get in—which really wasn't true, we just associated it\n[with them]—because we didn't know the Reform Jews. [We thought] they must be\nthe snobs. They were richer and they lived down in northwest [Atlanta] and some\nof them were DOZ. But they also had a ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45678/file/118737#t=540.0,570.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45678/file/118737/transcript/42096/annotation/20","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"sorority called STP that they were part\nof. But DOZ was just snobby. You either had to be very pretty, very popular, or\nhave a parent or sister in DOZ. My crowd didn't want any part of it. We didn't\nwant anybody left out. So, we formed our own BBG chapter called JOJ, which was\n\"Jewels of Judea\". I don't think it lasted after our five years in it, but we\nstarted in eighth grade. We were very, very, busy and active. And even today, so\nmuch Federation leadership and community leadership—just ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45678/file/118737#t=570.0,600.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45678/file/118737/transcript/42096/annotation/21","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"identified Jews—came\nfrom our chapter.\n\nSCHOENBERG: What were some of your projects, do you remember?\n\nFRANK: Yes. One thing that was a real deciding factor for us was, we had mothers\nwho were advisors. Rosalyn Alterman was an advisor, and ViVi Kogon Hillman was\nan advisor. Helene Facher, who was a B'nai B'rith Women leader, oversaw our\nwork. So we had real, fabulous, activist, role models helping us. We did service\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45678/file/118737#t=600.0,630.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45678/file/118737/transcript/42096/annotation/22","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"projects at [The William Bremen] Jewish Home, we did service projects for the\npoor, a lot of Jewish awareness programming, socials . . . We put on a play,\nPeter Pan. We just did a lot that bonded us as a group, a lot of programs. I get\nangry today because kids do everything that costs a fortune—like going to Six\nFlags—instead of just playing together. We were ferocious on the basketball\ncourt. We just did things as a group.\n\nSCHOENBERG: Did you meet at the Alliance [Jewish Educational Alliance]?\n\nFRANK: At the Center [Atlanta Jewish Community Center].\n\nSCHOENBERG: Which ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45678/file/118737#t=630.0,660.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45678/file/118737/transcript/42096/annotation/23","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"one?\n\nFRANK: I'm much too young for the Alliance.\n\nSCHOENBERG: That's what I figured.\n\nFRANK: By the time I was born, it was the Center. Actually, the Center was being\nbuilt when I first started. I was sweetheart of one of the AZA groups called\nDSI. In fact, I have lots of fond memories of that. I remember one of my best\nfriends had a crush on Kenny Kaufman, and he had a crush on her. He was too shy\nto give her his dog tag, so I did it for him. My boyfriend then was Cary Reuben.\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45678/file/118737#t=660.0,690.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45678/file/118737/transcript/42096/annotation/24","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"But the DSI group couldn't meet at the Center because it wasn't built yet, and\nthey had most of their meetings that year at my house.\n\nSCHOENBERG: At your house?\n\nFRANK: Yes. That was fun. We had a lot of meetings in the back yard and\ndownstairs. But every Sunday, we went from the AA synagogue to Zestos—which was\none of the places on Peachtree Street—and then to the Community Center. We\nspent our whole day there. We went from ball game to ball game, cheering against\nthe BBG girls we didn't like—and always against DOZ—and ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45678/file/118737#t=690.0,720.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45678/file/118737/transcript/42096/annotation/25","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"then made every AZA\ngame we could. There were wonderful role models. I remember Elaine Gilner\nFreedman was in [Group] 176, a girls group of BBG, and there were older BBG\ngroups that were great role models. We all went to convention. We spent lots of\ntime writing songs and oratory things.\n\nSCHOENBERG: You were creative.\n\nFRANK: We were real team-minded.\n\nSCHOENBERG: All of these Jewish ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45678/file/118737#t=720.0,750.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45678/file/118737/transcript/42096/annotation/26","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"identity activities, obviously had a major\nimpact on your life. As you grew up and went off to college, how did you choose\nthe college that you went to? It wasn't a very Jewish choice, was it?\n\nFRANK: It was such a misfit. My mother really had no sense in guiding me, when I\nlook back now. Stephens College was viewed as a finishing school. I'm so down\nand earthy—that wasn't a match. There were no Jews, no ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45678/file/118737#t=750.0,780.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45678/file/118737/transcript/42096/annotation/27","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Jewish sorority. When my\nfather died . . . When my dad began working, he worked as an insurance agent for\nOberdorfer Insurance Company. Then he formed his own agency. When Dad passed\naway, Mother dissolved his agency and went back as an agent with Donald\nOberdorfer. At that time, Gene Oberdorfer was working there. We would go to\noffice parties and Gene Oberdorfer was a graduate of [University of] North\nCarolina and Sarah Lynn was a graduate of Stephens [College]. So Sarah Lynn ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45678/file/118737#t=780.0,810.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45678/file/118737/transcript/42096/annotation/28","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"told\nme I had to go to Stephens, and Gene told my brother he had to go to the\nUniversity of North Carolina, and that was just our destiny. At that time, you\ndidn't have brochures from a million colleges. You didn't go travel to look at\nthem. Sarah Lynn said it was good [and] I went.\n\nSCHOENBERG: I wondered how you had gotten there, because I know that there was a\nvery limited number of people from Atlanta.\n\nFRANK: I had a Jewish roommate who was Arlene Gottlieb, now Arlene Gottlieb\nJaffey, from Savannah [Georgia]. But our Jewish activities were minimal.\n\nSCHOENBERG: Did you associate with any of the students at the University ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45678/file/118737#t=810.0,840.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45678/file/118737/transcript/42096/annotation/29","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"of\nMissouri, right there in Columbia [Missouri] . . .\n\nFRANK: Oh, yes.\n\nSCHOENBERG: . . . because there are a lot of Jewish students there?\n\nFRANK: I had met Leonard [Frank] during my senior year—the last quarter of our\nsenior year of high school—and had fallen in love. I went to school crazy about\nhim, was sorry I was going far away, and couldn't wait to come home once I got\nthere. So, I did date the guys from the University of Missouri, but not that\nmuch. That's where we all went for our social life, and there was a Jewish\nfraternity there, so that was a connection for us.\n\nSCHOENBERG: You mentioned that your father died. How old were you when your\nfather died?\n\nFRANK: ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45678/file/118737#t=840.0,870.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45678/file/118737/transcript/42096/annotation/30","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I was eleven.\n\nSCHOENBERG: Very young. That obviously must have had a major impact on your life\nin general. Would you open up that area a little bit?\n\nFRANK: Yes, two thoughts. One is that I remember as a child when—on the High\nHolidays—you said yizkor, all the children left, then anybody with both parents\nstill living left. Today, the tradition is to stand—particularly in light of\nthe Holocaust—that everybody ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45678/file/118737#t=870.0,900.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45678/file/118737/transcript/42096/annotation/31","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"needs to say a prayer for someone. I was dreading\nthat first yizkor, when I had to stay in and my family's response . . . At that\ntime, Rabbi [Sydney] Mossman was at Shearith Israel. I think he probably had\nmore influence on me than anyone. I'll never forget, he gave a phenomenal\nsermon. When he talked about going up and down rows of a hospital during the\nwar—now I reflect, it must have been World War II—and seeing a jovial guy at\nthe end of that hall in a bed, always greeting him. He never knew what the guy's\nphysical problems were because he was always in a bed and always very ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45678/file/118737#t=900.0,930.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45678/file/118737/transcript/42096/annotation/32","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"jovial.\nOne day he saw him walking, and saw he only had one leg, and he fell. Rabbi\nMossman went to help him up, and he pushed the rabbi aside and said, \"It's not\nthe leg I don't have, but the leg I have, that will keep me going.\" And he\nwouldn't take help. I just remember feeling, \"It's not my loss, but what I have,\nthat will always keep me going.\" And I think that's been my cornerstone. Plus, I\nreally think a lot of my inspiration has always come from rabbis. I was ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45678/file/118737#t=930.0,960.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45678/file/118737/transcript/42096/annotation/33","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"forever\nmaking speeches, and after that yizkor, every time I needed to give a BBG speech\nI'd go to Rabbi Mossman for help. Even today, I look for Rabbi [Arnold M.]\nGoodman. I always look for rabbis for mentors. The other thing is that my mother\nwas strong and stoic, and if she was suffering, she never showed us. She just\nkept on going. We never saw her cry, and she went to work at a time women didn't\nwork. She was a survivor, and I needed her ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45678/file/118737#t=960.0,990.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45678/file/118737/transcript/42096/annotation/34","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"survival skills these last 12 years.\nSo I guess those are the two things.\n\nSCHOENBERG: Yes. Tell me more about your mother, because everyone I spoke with\ntold me what a phenomenal woman she was and how strong she was.\n\nFRANK: Mother was strong. She had a little bit of an acid mouth, so people who\nfind me much too short will know where it came from. I inherited it rightfully.\nYou never worried what my mother was thinking because she said ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45678/file/118737#t=990.0,1020.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45678/file/118737/transcript/42096/annotation/35","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"it—to a fault.\nAnd I would say I have that problem, too. But, she was very strong and very\ndetermined, and really raised my brother and me believing we could do anything\nand have anything. She sacrificed . . . Looking back now—I went to Blue Star to\ncamp [and] I went to Stephens [College]—I don't think I ever thought I had\nmoney, but she certainly gave us all the opportunities that my friends ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45678/file/118737#t=1020.0,1050.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45678/file/118737/transcript/42096/annotation/36","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"had with\ntwo parents.\n\nSCHOENBERG: Who were her good friends, or your parents' good friends, when your\nfather was still living?\n\nFRANK: There were lots of rooms in my parents' house painted by Harry Dwoskin,\nand Dad's best man at his wedding was Harry Dwoskin. Actually, Diane Dwoskin\n[Harry's daughter]—when her dad passed away and her mother had passed away—in\ncleaning out family pictures, found some old pictures of my father and her\nfather on fishing trips. She didn't know who it was until someone told her, and\nshe sent them to me. They were very ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45678/file/118737#t=1050.0,1080.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45678/file/118737/transcript/42096/annotation/37","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"friendly with Muriel and Harry Marrett whose\nchildren are Don Marrett and SueSue Sussman. But, mostly the network was the\nfamily, the Zimmerman clan. Jerry Horowitz's mother, Helen Haan's parents . . .\nI remember Jerry Horowitz ran for everything at college, and he was older than I\nwas, too. I had a crush on him like I did Ed Sugarman. Every time Jerry and the\nTulane [University] guys came home, I went to visit Aunt Doxey in brand new\nclothes. It was ridiculous. I loved going to Passover there because Jay Brock\nand a whole bunch of Jerry's ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45678/file/118737#t=1080.0,1110.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45678/file/118737/transcript/42096/annotation/38","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"friends would be there, and that was very\nprestigious. But mother's network of friends were either her neighbors or her\nrelatives. Also, the other people who were very important in Mother's life were\nRose and Harry Maziar. I remember Mother had to go back to school short term to\nget her insurance license, and my brother and I spent several weeks at Harry and\nRose Maziar's house. I just always loved ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45678/file/118737#t=1110.0,1140.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45678/file/118737/transcript/42096/annotation/39","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"them.\n\nSCHOENBERG: And you came back from Stephens?\n\nFRANK: I came back from Stephens after a year, to get married—at nineteen,\nalmost twenty—and I was going to continue. Leonard had graduated from Georgia\nTech [Georgia Institute of Technology] and was living in a small town in\nAlabama. It was very lonely for me, and we decided that we would get married and\nI would continue school. I got pregnant in six weeks, so I had a baby before my\nfirst anniversary. I remember sitting in the hospital with Helen Haan—who had\nher baby two ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45678/file/118737#t=1140.0,1170.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45678/file/118737/transcript/42096/annotation/40","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"months premature—and we were due the same day. I kept saying,\n\"God, I wish it was me.\" I didn't realize my mother was stroking out and\ncounting. I was just so innocent. So I got pregnant, got sick and nauseous and\nthe works, and never did go back to school. Then, in between the kids, I went a\nquarter here and there. But my school plans changed as I started having children.\n\nSCHOENBERG: Tell me about your children. You have wonderful children.\n\nFRANK: Yes, my kids are great. They're all math geniuses.\n\nSCHOENBERG: They take after their mother?\n\nFRANK: No, ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45678/file/118737#t=1170.0,1200.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45678/file/118737/transcript/42096/annotation/41","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"my husband had very strong math skills—and I have strong ones—but\nthey don't have the writing skills I have. My oldest is 30, lives in San\nFrancisco [California] and is an actuary and a real community activist.\n\nSCHOENBERG: Her name is?\n\nFRANK: Her name is Jacqueline Frank, and she's just gotten on the National Young\nLeadership Cabinet for UJA. My second daughter is 28, she's Laura Frank, and\nshe's an investment banker, and she's married. Her husband is John Bernard.\nShe's Laura Frank Bernard. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45678/file/118737#t=1200.0,1230.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45678/file/118737/transcript/42096/annotation/42","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"My third one is 24 and an engineer, and he's Jacob\nAllen Frank. My youngest one is 16, and he's Andrew Frank. I remember doing some\nof my first NCJW projects with Andrew, in what my mother used to call a \"drain\nboard.\" [It was] like one of those infant seats, but it was really crummy. It\ncould fall over and create any kind of disaster. But we had this cultural\nenrichment program at black schools in Atlanta, and I would bring ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45678/file/118737#t=1230.0,1260.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45678/file/118737/transcript/42096/annotation/43","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Jacob\nthere—having no concern about safety or disease or anything—and put him on the\ntable. He would sit in that infant seat and sleep and I would go teach a\ncultural enrichment class. We just brought the kids everywhere, and now he's 24.\nIt's a long time ago that I was doing those NCJW projects.\n\nSCHOENBERG: Tell us about some of your volunteer activities, since they laid the\ngroundwork for your professional life.\n\nFRANK: I used to say I received my undergraduate degree in ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45678/file/118737#t=1260.0,1290.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45678/file/118737/transcript/42096/annotation/44","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"NCJW and my graduate\ndegree in AJC. When I lived in New Jersey, I was married to an engineer and he\ntraveled, and we had two children. We had Jacque here, and we moved to New\nJersey and Laura was born in New Jersey. I immediately wanted to get involved in\nthe community, and the thing in Plainfield, New Jersey was NCJW. That's what all\nmy friends were involved in, and I threw myself into the service projects and to\nwork for Israel and the like. I went to the national convention that was held in\nAtlanta ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45678/file/118737#t=1290.0,1320.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45678/file/118737/transcript/42096/annotation/45","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"in 1965 or 1967. I was here in Atlanta as a delegate from New Jersey. I\ncame with the kids and left them with my parents. I was the only one traveling\non the plane to a convention with children, and my partner there was Marilyn\nFlanzbaum who is now a national vice-president of NCJW. I was to follow her as\npresident. I came back here, and Marilyn Shubin was about to be president. We\nhad just moved, Leonard went into the family business, and I came back here and\nstarting climbing the Council roots . . .\n\nSCHOENBERG: And that was what ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45678/file/118737#t=1320.0,1350.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45678/file/118737/transcript/42096/annotation/46","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"year, late 1960s?\n\nFRANK: Yes, I would say it was 1968. It was after the 1967 War, because I\nremember the fund raising for that war in New Jersey. You remember things by\nwars. I remember the fund raising for the 1973 War here in Atlanta. I did the\ntelephone committee for the first ball that we had. We did a ball, and then when\nwe stopped doing the NCJW ball. We had a \"No Ball\" event for a year and then we\ndid Bargainata. I was the advisor to ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45678/file/118737#t=1350.0,1380.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45678/file/118737/transcript/42096/annotation/47","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"something called Councilettes, and the\nCouncilettes are still around. Lila Hertz's sister-in-law, Julie Golson, was a\nCouncilette. The three Wyler girls were all Councilettes. So I did that, and\nthen I moved into membership, and then I moved into fund raising, and then I\nmoved into presidency.\n\nSCHOENBERG: And you were president what year here in Atlanta?\n\nFRANK: 1973 to 1975.\n\nSCHOENBERG: What special projects were you involved within those ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45678/file/118737#t=1380.0,1410.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45678/file/118737/transcript/42096/annotation/48","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"years?\n\nFRANK: The three or four hallmarks of my particular work was the Tay-Sachs\nscreening and creating the lab at Emory [University]. We did a study on juvenile\njustice. Barbara Asher's administration before mine had done the study on child\ncare, but we opened the Grady Hospital Child Care Center just as she was going\nout of office and I was coming in. I was at a retreat for Councilettes with\nBarbara Lipshutz's daughter, Wendy, when they got the news ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45678/file/118737#t=1410.0,1440.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45678/file/118737/transcript/42096/annotation/49","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that Barbara had\ndied. So it was very interesting watching the Barbara Lipshutz Institute evolve\nin NCJW and the friends around her, like Marilyn Shubin, who really grieved that\nloss. I guess the loss of Barbara Lipshutz and Ros Cohen were the two most\ndramatic losses I've experienced with NCJW. Mostly there was a team. Susie Elson\nfollowed Barbara Asher. It was a very interesting ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45678/file/118737#t=1440.0,1470.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45678/file/118737/transcript/42096/annotation/50","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"style. Susie Elson lived\nelaborately and served magnificently. When the Executive Committee used to meet,\nwe would meet from early morning until late afternoon [like we had] nothing else\nto do. Susie would serve these gorgeous lunches and she would put crackers out\nin these silver biscuit tins I had never seen before. Then Barbara Asher became\npresident and with Barbara, as long as she had a cigarette and a legal pad, she\nwent for hours without food. I remember vice-presidents bringing peanut butter\nsandwiches to her house so we could survive lunches ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45678/file/118737#t=1470.0,1500.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45678/file/118737/transcript/42096/annotation/51","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"at Barbara's. Then I got my\nturn to be president, and I love to cook. I would cook for days waiting for the\nbig Exec [Executive] meeting at my house. We had great lunches. I remember the\nonly one who could ever keep up with that, and surpass it, was when Gracie\nHentrow was president, and her mom would come in from Montgomery [Alabama] and\nshe would cook for us. That was great.\n\nSCHOENBERG: And today?\n\nFRANK: Today, the Exec meetings are held here in just a couple of hours. We're\nin the modern age of technology and quick decisions, but [back then] we just\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45678/file/118737#t=1500.0,1530.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45678/file/118737/transcript/42096/annotation/52","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"resolved the world's problems for hours and hours.\n\nSCHOENBERG: There were a few other projects, I think, that you might want to mention.\n\nFRANK: I have to mention that my love for Soviet Jewry really started in\nNational Council of Jewish Women and has followed me on a destiny that has\nreally changed my life. I remember in the early days of 1970, the Soviet Jewry\nmovement began with a failed attempt to airlift seven people who tried to leave\nRussia in ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45678/file/118737#t=1530.0,1560.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45678/file/118737/transcript/42096/annotation/53","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"1970. The women's organizations used to do a \"Women's Plea for Soviet\nJewry\" on Human Rights Day. We rotated, and it was NCJW's turn. We were probably\nthe second organization to do it in 1973. I decided we'd do something daring and\nwe'd do a soup kitchen in a city park. I remember a board meeting when some old\npast presidents threatened to leave NCJW and quit their membership—and the\nquestion of whether life members could drop out—because of my bringing our\nJewishness into the streets of Atlanta. I still have a hard ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45678/file/118737#t=1560.0,1590.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45678/file/118737/transcript/42096/annotation/54","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"time with some of\nthose folks. But I was really determined that we would go out in the streets and\nbring this issue to the fore, and the NCJW did a fabulous job.\n\nSCHOENBERG: What was the reaction, other than the internal reaction before the fact?\n\nFRANK: The reaction was fabulous. We were looking to get publicity in an unusual\nway, so we decided we would serve potato soup and black bread. We got the food\neditors of the paper [Atlanta Journal and Constitution] to do a two-page spread\non what a diet was like in the hard ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45678/file/118737#t=1590.0,1620.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45678/file/118737/transcript/42096/annotation/55","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"labor work camps, as part of the abuse that\nthe Soviet Jews took. So there was enormous publicity and there was enormous\ncoverage of the event. We did it at the park. I don't think Woodruff Park was\nopen then. We did it at the park that's in front of the old Municipal Auditorium\n. . .\n\nSCHOENBERG: . . . Hurt Park . . .\n\nFRANK: . . . and I remember Max Cleland came in his wheelchair then. It wasn't\nthat long after [his] recuperation from the Vietnam War. He was so moved by the\nSoviet Jewry movement—1973 was very ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45678/file/118737#t=1620.0,1650.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45678/file/118737/transcript/42096/annotation/56","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"early—he decided to pass a resolution in\nthe Georgia House. He was a House of Representatives member of the State\nAssembly then. He came out, and as it was windy and freezing in December, and he\nread it with two of us holding the papers down. Georgia was the first State\nHouse to pass a resolution for Soviet Jewry, and he did it. Even then, we had\nsuch close ties. I remember fundraisers for him at Richard Cohen's first wife,\nLois Cohen's, house. Those of us who are active in public policy had\nunbelievable ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45678/file/118737#t=1650.0,1680.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45678/file/118737/transcript/42096/annotation/57","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"contacts—as we do today—with politicians.\n\nSCHOENBERG: Tell me about the political contacts. Were they made through your\nwork at Council [NCJW], or were they just done on your own and became part of\nthe whole scene?\n\nFRANK: They were done inside and outside. Council . . . We called it Council and\nnot NCJW then. What happened—and still exists—is that the most politically\nsavvy activist ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45678/file/118737#t=1680.0,1710.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45678/file/118737/transcript/42096/annotation/58","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"people were in NCJW. So my best friend at the time in the NCJW\ncontext was Fran Eizenstat—who, obviously, was married to Stu [Stuart]\nEizenstat—who, at that time, for instance, was doing the policy positions for\nAndy Young in his race for Congress, or the position papers for Wyche Fowler in\nhis race for City Council. We clearly didn't do the political fundraising under\nNCJW's banner. But because of my contacts there, I had a fundraiser for Andy\nYoung. I had ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45678/file/118737#t=1710.0,1740.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45678/file/118737/transcript/42096/annotation/59","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"a fundraiser for Wyche Fowler at my house. I did voter registration\nand brought people to the polls on election day.\n\nSCHOENBERG: You told me something about that. It was kind of interesting.\n\nFRANK: Everybody had house help—housekeepers—at that time. I had a woman who\nworked for me, who had worked for my mom and partly raised me, and she would\nwork for me and help me with my children. The day of the election when Andy\nYoung ran for Congress, I had asked her to spend the night because I had signed\nup to work Perry Homes. I was going to be there when the ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45678/file/118737#t=1740.0,1770.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45678/file/118737/transcript/42096/annotation/60","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"polls opened, but I had\nto be in the neighborhood first to get people to the polls. When I told my\nhousekeeper I was going to Perry Homes, she had a coronary and made me leave my\nwedding band and diamonds at home. [She] absolutely wouldn't let me tell my\nmother where I was going. I went from the morning—from the minute the polls\nopened—until late at night. We had these big signs on our car advertising Andy\nYoung, and I knocked on doors and brought strangers in my car. When the buses\nunloaded at the end of the day, people even reeking of ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45678/file/118737#t=1770.0,1800.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45678/file/118737/transcript/42096/annotation/61","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"alcohol, got in our cars.\nWe drove them all over town trying to find their poll. Then at night, a few of\nus went down to see the election results come in, and I had to watch Perry Homes\ncome in. We were really part of the great band wagon. Andy Young's campaign\nreally gave new meaning to grass roots organizations. A documentary should have\nbeen done on it. I remember a wonderful moment, too. Andy Young had risen to\nU.N. Ambassador, and we were at an NCJW convention. There was a big delegation\nfrom Atlanta—Karen ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45678/file/118737#t=1800.0,1830.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45678/file/118737/transcript/42096/annotation/62","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Piecuch was probably there—and Andy Young spoke. He had\neverybody in awe, and I raised [my hand] for a personal privilege. I said to\nAndy at the time, \"If I knew how far your star would take you, instead of\ndriving a car to bring people to vote for you for Congress, I would have driven\na bus.\" It just brought the whole house down at the convention.\n\nSCHOENBERG: You've mentioned to me ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45678/file/118737#t=1830.0,1860.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45678/file/118737/transcript/42096/annotation/63","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"also that you were involved with John Lewis,\nwho is our current congressman here in Atlanta. You've been very much involved\nwith the black community here in the city. Tell us something about your feelings\nand how important that has been.\n\nFRANK: I think that was probably nurtured through NCJW as well, because so much\nof what we were doing in community service was in the black community, in the\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45678/file/118737#t=1860.0,1890.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45678/file/118737/transcript/42096/annotation/64","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"poor community, with schools. I developed very close ties that I really cared\nabout, particularly my association with Andy Young. Then it evolved. When I came\nto work for the American Jewish Committee, my boss told me to find a place and\nreally make a mark, find one area that I felt I could really contribute in, and\nbegin to develop some credibility in it. At the time, we debated about whether\nit would be energy—which was an emerging issue in ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45678/file/118737#t=1890.0,1920.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45678/file/118737/transcript/42096/annotation/65","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"1980—or whether it would be\nethnic outreach. Atlanta just wasn't quite ethnically diverse yet. Though we\ntried with an Hispanic community, it was too soon. The other option was to be\ninvolved in the black community, and that's really where I zeroed in on the\nrenewal of the Voting Rights Act. We created a meeting around the renewal of the\nVoting Rights Act that we knew Jews had lobbied on and worked to create years\nago. We could work for its renewal and extension, so we created a Black/Jewish\nCoalition out of ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45678/file/118737#t=1920.0,1950.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45678/file/118737/transcript/42096/annotation/66","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that.\n\nSCHOENBERG: Who has been particularly actively involved in that project?\n\nFRANK: The first co-chair was John Lewis, and that was really the beginning of a\ntotal love affair with the Lewis family. John chaired the coalition for four\nyears when he ran for Congress. Many, many, activists that I work with closely\nin the Jewish community, I met through the coalition and then outgrowths of it.\nBut a minute on John Lewis. I fell in love with John and his wife, Lillian\n[Lewis]. We discovered—they ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45678/file/118737#t=1950.0,1980.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45678/file/118737/transcript/42096/annotation/67","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"had adopted a child, and at that time I only had\none child at home—that our boys were born the same day. So they invited my son\nto their son's birthday party, and that continued for several years. And when\nJohn ran for office, I said to him, \"I can't do anything partisan politics, but\nas a single parent I'm home every weekend and I'd be glad to take little John\n[Lewis] any time you want.\" John took me up on the that offer, and from Friday\nnight to Sunday for four months—through the entire race—John Miles spent\nweekends with me. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45678/file/118737#t=1980.0,2010.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45678/file/118737/transcript/42096/annotation/68","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Anywhere my son went, or spent the night, or [if he] was\ninvited to a birthday, the two kids went together. They just spent that summer\nin John Lewis for Congress tee-shirts. Every time they went to the grocery, or\nfilled up gas, or went to meet family at the airport, they were a two-team show.\nJulian Bond, who speaks so beautifully, challenged John to lots of debates. So\nSunday night after those television debates . . . Even the difficult one where\nJohn didn't show up because, one of the people running for office wasn't a\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45678/file/118737#t=2010.0,2040.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45678/file/118737/transcript/42096/annotation/69","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"significant enough candidate, so they didn't put her on the panel . . . She\nstarted a picket, and he wouldn't cross the picket line, and she didn't come.\nHer last name is Kanner. John decided that he just couldn't cross the picket\nline and that he had worked so much for equality that he would not participate\nin a panel that all the candidates weren't in. So Julian had that whole hour to\nhimself, and we all died—who were supporting him—and said he could be a little\nless self-righteous and get elected. Anyway, John promised my son that if he got\nelected, he was going to bring him to ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45678/file/118737#t=2040.0,2070.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45678/file/118737/transcript/42096/annotation/70","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Washington, [DC]. When John did get\nelected, the Freedom Trains were so important to the Black Movement, [he\ndecided] he was going to go to Washington on a train with his constituents. So\nwe went by train to Washington. And when John Lewis was sworn in, my son and his\nson were in the well—side by side with him—and I was sitting in the bleachers\nin the balcony with Lillian, looking down. That was very exciting. So we have\nstayed, really, their family. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45678/file/118737#t=2070.0,2100.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45678/file/118737/transcript/42096/annotation/71","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"They come to my house for yontifs, and weddings,\nand bar mitzvahs, and our relationship is very close. But then, through my work,\nI was involved in Leadership Atlanta and other things where I've met other\nsignificant folks. It was very interesting, when I moved back to Atlanta I was\non the National Board of NCJW. I applied soon after that for Leadership Atlanta.\nThere was absolutely no doubt that I got in Leadership Atlanta on my NCJW bio,\nbecause I was even impressed with my bio. I was on the National Board of NCJW. I\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45678/file/118737#t=2100.0,2130.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45678/file/118737/transcript/42096/annotation/72","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"was appointed twice by Secretaries of State to the U.S. Commission on UNESCO,\nwhich has now closed. NCJW always had an NGO—non-government\norganization—position on UNESCO. UNESCO was a U.N. agency very critical of\nIsrael, so in all my briefings to fight the battles for Israel within this U.N.\nagency, I got a lot of my early education on Israel. My first trip to Israel was\nfor the dedication of the NCJW Institute [NCJW Research Institute for Innovation\nin Education at Hebrew University] in Israel, and it was ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45678/file/118737#t=2130.0,2160.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45678/file/118737/transcript/42096/annotation/73","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"supposed to open in\n1973, but the 1973 War came. After the war, we went back in 1974 to dedicate the\nInstitute, and Mount Scopus was opened to us, so it was very exciting. So even\nmy first trip to Israel was with NCJW.\n\nSCHOENBERG: We are going to run out of tape shortly, and we are also going to\nrun out of time since you have a meeting. I think what I will do—if I may,\nSherry—is reserve the ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45678/file/118737#t=2160.0,2190.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45678/file/118737/transcript/42096/annotation/74","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"right to meet with you again, and we will continue our\nconversation, because there obviously is a lot more to talk about in your life.\nBut I thank you for what we have been able to accomplish today, and I know it is\ngoing to be worthwhile. Thank you.\n\n[audio cuts out, then resumes]\n\nFRANK: . . . the first ten pages of my baby book are Edward, because my mother\nmust have been trying to have a baby when Edward was born. Every year she would\ntell me when it was Edward's birthday. Like who cares? ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45678/file/118737#t=2190.0,2220.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45678/file/118737/transcript/42096/annotation/75","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"But my parents had a real\naffinity for Ed.\n\n[audio cuts out, then resumes]\n\nSCHOENBERG: That little bit of tape concerned Edward Sugarman. It was recorded\njust after the meeting.\n\nSCHOENBERG: This is Ann Hoffman Schoenberg interviewing Sherry Zimmerman Frank\non the 16th of June, 1993, in Atlanta, Georgia. It is almost eight o'clock in\nthe evening, and we are doing this at an open meeting of the ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45678/file/118737#t=2220.0,2250.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45678/file/118737/transcript/42096/annotation/76","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Oral History\ntraining group. The group for which it is being done is the Jewish Oral History\nProject of Atlanta, co-sponsored by the American Jewish Committee, the Atlanta\nJewish Federation, and the National Council of Jewish Women. Okay, Sherry, how\nabout starting at the beginning. Tell us how your family came to Atlanta, Georgia.\n\nFRANK: My father's family was here—he was a long-time Southerner in\nAtlanta—and my grandparents, his parents, were born in ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45678/file/118737#t=2250.0,2280.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45678/file/118737/transcript/42096/annotation/77","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Atlanta. My mother came\nby way of Brooklyn, New York, and she came here to marry Dad.\n\nSCHOENBERG: How did they meet?\n\nFRANK: My father had a sister who lived in New York, [she] met my mother, and\nmade the shadchan, and Dad travel to New York to visit. Then they got married in\nNew York and came south, and then my mother's parents and brother also\nultimately came to Atlanta.\n\nSCHOENBERG: What were all their full names, if you would, please, and\napproximate years of birth and such?\n\nFRANK: My father's parents were ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45678/file/118737#t=2280.0,2310.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45678/file/118737/transcript/42096/annotation/78","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Sarah Zimmerman, and right now I've forgotten\nhis father's name. My mother's parents were Bertha and Joseph Horowitz, and my\ngrandmother was a homemaker. But my mother tells me that my grandfather—her\nfather—set the line type for the Yiddish Press, The Forward, in New York.\n\nSCHOENBERG: Your father's family, the Zimmerman family, they've been in Atlanta\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45678/file/118737#t=2310.0,2340.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45678/file/118737/transcript/42096/annotation/79","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"for more than one generation before your father?\n\nFRANK: Right. I'm a fifth-generation member of the AA synagogue. But my father's\nfamily were all deeply rooted at Shearith Israel, as well as my family belonging\nto both shuls. There was a very large Zimmerman family. In fact, Shearith\n[Israel] was called—in its early years—the \"Zimmerman Shul.\" Its lineup of\npast presidents shows lots of Zimmermans.\n\nSCHOENBERG: Any of them your relatives, your immediate relatives?\n\nFRANK: They're all my relatives. My father had a group of sisters and brothers.\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45678/file/118737#t=2340.0,2370.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45678/file/118737/transcript/42096/annotation/80","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"He was Jack Zimmerman. He had an insurance agency, and he died when he was very\nyoung. He was in his forties. But his brother was probably the one of his\nsiblings known the best. He was Joe Zimmerman, and he had a men's store,\nZimmerman's. Everybody in Atlanta dressed at Zimmerman's. In fact, there were\ntwo Joe Zimmermans', and most folks in Atlanta dressed at one or the other. The\nwomen's store was called Joseph's [and was owned by] the other Joe Zimmerman,\nand he was a cousin.\n\nSCHOENBERG: Where was it located?\n\nFRANK: It ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45678/file/118737#t=2370.0,2400.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45678/file/118737/transcript/42096/annotation/81","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"was located, right now, where the Central City Park is, in an old\nhotel downtown. I remember going downtown on weekends and stopping in to see my\nUncle Joe around lunch time so he'd bring me to Leb's [restaurant]. I remember,\nas a young girl, I used to wrap presents and sell ties there on Christmas. I\nremember all the black folks that came in there, and how kindly he was treated.\nIt didn't dawn on me until years later how important those folks were. I've\nnoticed at the King Center, in the memorabilia in glass [cases] that ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45678/file/118737#t=2400.0,2430.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45678/file/118737/transcript/42096/annotation/82","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"they have\nof Dr. Martin Luther King [Jr.], there is a suit that he wore when he gave a\nfamous speech, and Zimmerman's label is in the shirt. When Uncle Joe passed\naway, \"Daddy King\" gave the eulogy at Shearith Israel, which is really remarkable.\n\nSCHOENBERG: Daddy King gave the eulogy for your Uncle Joe?\n\nFRANK: Yes. He fitted a lot of folks in there in their time.\n\nSCHOENBERG: Why would he have been asked to do a eulogy?\n\nFRANK: I think my Uncle Joe was very close to the King family. He ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45678/file/118737#t=2430.0,2460.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45678/file/118737/transcript/42096/annotation/83","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"probably\nhelped dress them, probably floated a lot of loans for them, and he was very\nclose to the black community.\n\nSCHOENBERG: The loans probably were the answer there. That's very interesting. I\nhad not ever heard that particular tidbit of information.\n\nFRANK: I have very little of my father's memorabilia—I was eleven when he\ndied—but someone once sent me something that I have framed at my office, and I\njust love. My father was in the insurance ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45678/file/118737#t=2460.0,2490.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45678/file/118737/transcript/42096/annotation/84","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"business, and his mother was elderly,\nand I guess she kept kosher. She had reached the point that she couldn't live by\nherself. Her husband had died. I was probably two or three when she died, so I\ndon't remember them. But in this little article I have from the Southern\nIsraelite—because that's what it was called—Daddy had committed in a letter to\nthe editor, to give a dollar a week to the formation of a home for the elderly\nwhere they [could] live in dignity until they died. He said that while we were\ntrying to form a Jewish home for the ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45678/file/118737#t=2490.0,2520.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45678/file/118737/transcript/42096/annotation/85","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"elderly, he would put his secretary at the\ndisposal of the community for any organizational help. I always thought about,\nhad he lived, what he might have done for the elderly. After he died, my mother,\njust the last couple of years, was sick and passed away. But she lived her last\nfive months at the [William Breman] Jewish Home. And I thought how interesting,\nhe tried to build it for his mother, and his wife was there.\n\nSCHOENBERG: Were other members of your family ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45678/file/118737#t=2520.0,2550.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45678/file/118737/transcript/42096/annotation/86","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"real active in the community, not\njust at Shearith Israel, but generally in the community?\n\nFRANK: Yes, they were. My family's roots were very involved in Hadassah, very\ninvolved in Shearith Israel, very involved in AA. Some of my favorite cousins\ntoday—Helen Hunt—is like a sister. I end every day on the phone with Helen\nHunt, who was a Zimmerman. Her father and mother were Mildred and Louie\nZimmerman. And I remember another cousin. Helen's first cousin was Jerry\nHorowitz, ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45678/file/118737#t=2550.0,2580.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45678/file/118737/transcript/42096/annotation/87","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"who today is Federation [The Jewish Federation of Greater Atlanta]\npresident. Jerry was a few years older than I was, and every time Jerry came\nhome from Tulane [University], I got dressed up in new clothes and went to visit\nAunt Doxey. And I can remember many, many, seders at Jerry's house, or at\nHelen's house, in the years after my dad died.\n\nSCHOENBERG: Obviously, the death of your father was a pivotal point in your life\nand the life of your family. Could you maybe talk a little about how that\naffected you personally, and ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45678/file/118737#t=2580.0,2610.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45678/file/118737/transcript/42096/annotation/88","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"also the family structure?\n\nFRANK: I have a brother. My mother had an eight-year-old son and an\neleven-year-old daughter, me. Dad came home, we had Shabbos dinner, and he\ndidn't feel well, he laid down. We were watching TV, and he died of a heart\nattack. I'm sure today there would be all kinds of things that might have saved\nhim. But I think I was dramatically impacted by that in ways that I'm just\nbeginning to see. My father was in the insurance business, and my ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45678/file/118737#t=2610.0,2640.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45678/file/118737/transcript/42096/annotation/89","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"mother\ndissolved his insurance agency, went and took her insurance exam, and became a\nbroker—an insurance agent—carrying on mostly the family business. So I think\nshe taught me a lot about persevering as a role model, being able to survive.\nAnd when I divorced, and then my former husband died and left young children, I\nthink the lessons of my mother—that you can make it, and you can go out and\nwork, and do ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45678/file/118737#t=2640.0,2670.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45678/file/118737/transcript/42096/annotation/90","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"it—were important to me.\n\nSCHOENBERG: Had she ever worked before or was she a stay-at-home mom?\n\nFRANK: Mother went to NYU [New York University], and she worked for a while, but\nin retail. She didn't graduate, worked in retail, and then got married and had\nchildren, and didn't work until Dad died.\n\nSCHOENBERG: I don't think you mentioned her name.\n\nFRANK: She was Esther Horowitz Zimmerman. She was a very strong woman, and she\nwas single and working at a time that women weren't doing it.\n\nSCHOENBERG: Did you have to shoulder a lot of the household ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45678/file/118737#t=2670.0,2700.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45678/file/118737/transcript/42096/annotation/91","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"responsibilities?\n\nFRANK: No, I was very spoiled. I lived the good life of most Southerners. My\ngrandfather and grandmother moved to town shortly after Mom and Dad married, and\nhad my brother and me. My grandfather passed away and my grandmother moved in\nwith us. And after Dad died, I always had my grandmother in the house. She died\nabout three or four years later. So there was that transition time. Grandma was\nthere, and also we had a housekeeper during the day time. Everybody had help in\nAtlanta at that time. Mother worked, but was home at three. My brother and I ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45678/file/118737#t=2700.0,2730.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45678/file/118737/transcript/42096/annotation/92","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"did\njust an overwhelming amount of elocution, and piano, and ballet—if you can\nbelieve it—and all the other sports. So I don't think I realized Mother wasn't\na stay-at-home mother. I mean, she was there when I needed her.\n\nSCHOENBERG: You indicated that you felt that the example she set had a good deal\nto do with the way you have carried on your own life after your ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45678/file/118737#t=2730.0,2760.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45678/file/118737/transcript/42096/annotation/93","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"own trials. What\nother influences do you think have given you the kind of the wherewithal to get\non with it?\n\nFRANK: It's interesting that Mother gave me elocution—in addition to all the\nother kinds of things—because I think in my later life I realized how much that\ngave me a sense of comfort, speaking in front of people, because it's always\nbeen something that I've enjoyed doing. The other ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45678/file/118737#t=2760.0,2790.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45678/file/118737/transcript/42096/annotation/94","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"thing is that I found\ntremendous comfort in the synagogue, and I guess that's always been where I've\nturned and where I've found strength. I've always found it in the Jewish\ncommunity, and particularly growing up. My family belonged to the Shearith\nIsrael, but all my friends went to the AA synagogue. So I went for yontif to\nShearith Israel and for confirmation to the AA, so I had both. But Rabbi Mossman\nwas a real inspiration to me. I always was running for something, so I ran for\nevery office in the school and BBYM [B'nai B'rith Young Men]. I lost everything\nand always came in second. I was vice-president of the ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45678/file/118737#t=2790.0,2820.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45678/file/118737/transcript/42096/annotation/95","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"world. But I always\nturned to Rabbi Mossman for inspiration, too.\n\nSCHOENBERG: Who [else], among the adults in the community, do you think were the\nreal movers and shakers? Or were you aware of things like that when you were a kid?\n\nFRANK: I think there were models in my family. Jerry Horowitz's parents were\nvery involved. My Uncle Joe Zimmerman was very involved. As I moved into adult\nlife, Marilyn Shubin was one of my most important ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45678/file/118737#t=2820.0,2850.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45678/file/118737/transcript/42096/annotation/96","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"mentors in the National\nCouncil of Jewish Women, where I spent a lot of my adult life. I think probably\nRabbi [Harry] Epstein influenced me in ways I didn't know about until I grew up,\nbecause I always found that my most inspiring voices came from the pulpit. In my\nlater years, there have been other people that are my mentors. Clearly, Rabbi\n[Arnold M.] Goodman is probably my favorite mentor today.\n\nSCHOENBERG: You were involved in his selection, I understand.\n\nFRANK: I was on the committee that selected him. It was a lot of fun. He's ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45678/file/118737#t=2850.0,2880.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45678/file/118737/transcript/42096/annotation/97","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"terrific.\n\nSCHOENBERG: Who else was involved in that?\n\nFRANK: That was an interesting committee. Marshall Solomon was involved in it,\nHerb Karp, Doris Goldstein, Sol Singer. Each time we brought another rabbi down,\na few of us had dinner with him at a different house, just to break the ice and\nhave a smaller group. I was invited to the dinner when Rabbi Goodman came,\nbefore he met with our whole committee. And that ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45678/file/118737#t=2880.0,2910.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45678/file/118737/transcript/42096/annotation/98","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"evening, Sol Singer hosted the\ndinner, so that was what I remember about that selection. But Rabbi Mossman . .\n. I remember in the old days—when I was a child—they used to have yahrzeit at\nthe holidays. Anyone who didn't have a parent, or a sibling, or spouse to say\nKaddish for was asked to leave the shul, and there was this huge exodus of\npeople out. I think that's really before we confronted the Holocaust, because\nsince then, everybody has taken on more the role that everybody has someone they\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45678/file/118737#t=2910.0,2940.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45678/file/118737/transcript/42096/annotation/99","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"ought to say Kaddish for, whether they know them or they don't. But, I dreaded\nit. I was 11 years old. I was afraid of everybody crying and being hysterical,\nand I knew I had to stay in shul for Kaddish. I'll never forget, as long as I\nlive, Rabbi Mossman's sermon. Because I know that it was something that stuck\nwith me my whole life. He told the story of visiting in a hospital with people\nwho had been wounded in one of the wars. One of his favorite people was always\nvery jovial in a bed, and hospitable, and ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45678/file/118737#t=2940.0,2970.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45678/file/118737/transcript/42096/annotation/100","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"he never knew what was wrong with him\nor why he was always in the hospital bed looking so healthy and wonderful. One\nday he saw him in the halls and noticed he didn't have a leg, and he dropped\nsomething, or he fell, and the rabbi rushed to go help him. This man pushed him\naway and said, \"It's not the leg I've lost, but the leg I have left, that will\npull me up and keep me going.\" And he didn't want help. That has always been my\ncreed. It's not what I don't have but what I have that just keeps me ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45678/file/118737#t=2970.0,3000.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45678/file/118737/transcript/42096/annotation/101","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"going.\n\nSCHOENBERG: Very inspiring. I wanted to get back into some of the old-time\nleaders in the community, if we can. The Rabbi Mossmans of the world.\n\nFRANK: Yes. Two other leaders . . . I think it's a sad commentary today, because\nwhen we grew up in BBG, we didn't have young advisors. We had parents who were\nadvisors, and BBG was ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45678/file/118737#t=3000.0,3030.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45678/file/118737/transcript/42096/annotation/102","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"fabulous. The advisors of our group were Ros [Rosalyn]\nAlterman, and she was fabulous. The other woman who was just unbelievable was\nVivi Kogon who is now Vivi Hillman. Our inspiration at that time was Helene\nFacher. Helene's got another name now—I can't remember the last name—but\nHelene did everything in B'nai B'rith Women. And those were role models who were\nfabulous to all of us, who were just beginning the climb into organizational life.\n\nSCHOENBERG: They were women in their thirties ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45678/file/118737#t=3030.0,3060.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45678/file/118737/transcript/42096/annotation/103","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"perhaps?\n\nFRANK: Well, we were 13 to 17 and they must have been 20 to 25 years older than\nwe were—in their thirties. But they were doing wonderful things in the\ncommunity, and they were smart and organized and just really \"with it\" women.\n\nSCHOENBERG: And none of them worked?\n\nFRANK: No. Today when I see Helen Facher and I tell her she was such a role\nmodel to me, she points to our group and how accomplished we were, and she says,\n\"I look with pride at all ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45678/file/118737#t=3060.0,3090.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45678/file/118737/transcript/42096/annotation/104","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that you're doing.\" A lot of us are doing very neat\nthings in the community that were part of my BBG group.\n\nSCHOENBERG: We talked on the other side of the tape about this, but I think this\ngroup would be interested in hearing how it came about that you formed a BBG group.\n\nFRANK: Right. When I grew up, there was BBG [B'nai B'rith Girls] and AZA [Aleph\nZadik Aleph] for girls and boys in Atlanta. But the real \"in\" thing to be in was\nDOZ [Daughters of Zion]. And DOZ—from my perspective—was a very Temple, very\nrich, very snobby, kind ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45678/file/118737#t=3090.0,3120.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45678/file/118737/transcript/42096/annotation/105","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"of private sorority. You had to be accepted into DOZ.\nActually, it wasn't The Temple. The Temple was STP, and DOZ were the other girls\nin town, but not The Temple. But you had to be asked to be in it, and it had a\ncertain snob appeal to it. My age group was very large and very close, and we\ndecided we were not going to deal with some of us getting in and some of us not.\nWe decided we were not going to go ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45678/file/118737#t=3120.0,3150.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45678/file/118737/transcript/42096/annotation/106","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"in for this snob appeal, we were going to go\nin for a real equal rights kind of view. So about thirty of us formed a BBG\nchapter, and in our age group, there were only [about] three people—Barbara\nTalpa was one—who went into DOZ. They were really siblings of long-time DOZ\nmembers. When our chapter started, I think there was a big following for years\nto come of large groups going into BBG. I'm not sure DOZ was ever quite as\nstrong afterwards, [or] STP. I don't really quite know what happened to that at\nThe ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45678/file/118737#t=3150.0,3180.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45678/file/118737/transcript/42096/annotation/107","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Temple.\n\nSCHOENBERG: I think it's interesting that even in those years, you were\nespousing equality and I understand from Peggy that you were among the leaders\nof the pack.\n\nFRANK: Well, Peggy Shulman was Peggy Alterman, and we were very close. We\nplanned the world from our street on Zimmer Drive. She lived down the street. Ed\nSugarman was her cousin, and when she would get home from being at Mama Ida\nSugarman's on Shabbos—if ever Ed was coming over afterwards—I made a quick\ndash down there to visit as well. I remember ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45678/file/118737#t=3180.0,3210.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45678/file/118737/transcript/42096/annotation/108","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Peggy and I sitting on her door\nsteps when her mother brought baby Bruce [Sugarman] home from the hospital.\nBruce today is grown up and owns the Brickery Restaurant in Sandy Springs, but I\nremember him coming home from the hospital.\n\nSCHOENBERG: You're not supposed to admit those things.\n\nFRANK: Our group had wonderful people, our BBG group. I ran for office against\nPearlAnn Golden Horowitz, against Robin Sasher Burger, against Peggy Shulman,\nagainst Eleanor Danamon Blass, the Greenbaum twins. There were a lot of\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45678/file/118737#t=3210.0,3240.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45678/file/118737/transcript/42096/annotation/109","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"activists in our group.\n\nSCHOENBERG: And what are all those activists doing today?\n\nFRANK: Well, Peggy Shulman is the JNF [Jewish National Fund] Director. Harriet\nMaziar Leibowitz is an accomplished photographer. PearlAnn Horowitz Golden is an\nadvocate for those with disabilities and very active in lots of boards in the\ncommunity. Eleanor Blass was the first Jewish president that I know of at Grady\nHigh School. We all got behind her campaign. That was very exciting. She and\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45678/file/118737#t=3240.0,3270.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45678/file/118737/transcript/42096/annotation/110","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Michael Blass were childhood sweethearts in high school. I remember I was\nsweetheart of an AZA group called DSI, and my boyfriend was Cary Reuben. I\nremember Kenny Kaufman lived around the corner from me, [and he] was Cary\nReuben's good friend. Kenny was so shy that he wouldn't give his girlfriend his\ndog tag, so I gave it to her for him. In our group was Mark Lichenstein—he's\ninvolved in the community—and Sam Mislow. Stu ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45678/file/118737#t=3270.0,3300.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45678/file/118737/transcript/42096/annotation/111","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Eizenstat was the star of our\nclass. He went on to fame in the [President Jimmy] Carter administration.\nPearlAnn Horowitz, and Harriet Leibowitz, and Robin Burger, and I all were at\nShearith Israel, and we lived behind the shul. So, we would just take the break\nand come to my house for a few hours and then come back late in the afternoon.\nWe spent many a yontif, half at Shearith Israel and half at my house.\n\nSCHOENBERG: What all did you do when you dated? What were ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45678/file/118737#t=3300.0,3330.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45678/file/118737/transcript/42096/annotation/112","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"the activities that\nwere common?\n\nFRANK: You went to a hamburger restaurant in Atlanta called Seven Steers, which\nI haven't thought about since then, which was in Buckhead and downtown right\nnear The Fox [Theater]. You went to the movies, but then you went to the\ndrive-in movies a lot.\n\nSCHOENBERG: Where were those?\n\nFRANK: There was a very big one we used to go to at Piedmont [Road] where the\nLindbergh Station is today. I hadn't thought about that in a long time. When you\ncut Sunday School, you went to the Krystal and the Varsity. When you went to the\nVarsity and you drove in, black ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45678/file/118737#t=3330.0,3360.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45678/file/118737/transcript/42096/annotation/113","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"folks would jump on the hood of your car, and\nthey would try to get a bigger tip based on how much they entertained you. So\nthey would sing and dance, they'd wear crazy hats and stuff, and you would\nreally look for them. If you collected things, you collected their numbers,\nbecause when they jumped on the hood of your car, they'd put a number on your\nwindow sill, and that's how you knew who your waiter was when he went in to get\nyour food. [They] had a whole lingo, too. You could go there and order a bag of\nrags and a PC walking, and folks would know that was french fries and a\nchocolate milk with ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45678/file/118737#t=3360.0,3390.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45678/file/118737/transcript/42096/annotation/114","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"ice.\n\nSCHOENBERG: They still do a lot of that kind of thing—none of the jumping on\nthe hoods that I've noticed, but the lingo is still there. Did you have dances?\n\nFRANK: Everything really revolved around BBYO [B'nai B'rith Youth Organization],\nand when I went to Grady High School, our whole BBG group could meet at lunch in\nthe cafeteria. There were so many Jews there. It was unbelievable. It seemed\nlike the whole world was Jewish when we were there, and there was routine to our\nlives. Every Saturday after ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45678/file/118737#t=3390.0,3420.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45678/file/118737/transcript/42096/annotation/115","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Sunday School or after shul at the AA, we would walk\nto Rich's [department store].\n\nSCHOENBERG: You went to services every Saturday?\n\nFRANK: We went a lot. We had to around the time we were confirmed, so we went to\nshul a lot on Saturday, more for social than for religious purposes, I'm sure.\nThen we would walk into downtown Atlanta, because it was walkable, and we would\ngo eat at a Chinese restaurant called Pyng Ho which was up a big flight of\nsteps. Then we'd go between Rich's and Davison's [department store]. Then every\nSunday we went to Sunday School, and went ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45678/file/118737#t=3420.0,3450.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45678/file/118737/transcript/42096/annotation/116","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"straight from Sunday School to the\nCenter, and we had meetings, and then we all played basketball. That was when\nDOZ and the BBYO groups were really at each other. It didn't matter who was\nplaying DOZ, if they were in BBG and different chapters, you cheered for them.\nThen we always stayed later to cheer for the boys' teams that were playing, so\nthat was the social thing. And there were always dances and parties with BBG and AZA.\n\nSCHOENBERG: Who were your favorite dates?\n\nFRANK: Oh, ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45678/file/118737#t=3450.0,3480.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45678/file/118737/transcript/42096/annotation/117","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"goodness. Probably Cary Reuben for a number of years. Golly, I liked\na guy who has passed away—Larry Reuben—Cary's brother, Ed Solomon I went out\nwith, Larry Fein, who has moved to Birmingham [Alabama] . . . Gosh, I can't remember.\n\nSCHOENBERG: But you liked some of those older guys, too, that you never really\ngot to ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45678/file/118737#t=3480.0,3510.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45678/file/118737/transcript/42096/annotation/118","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"date.\n\nFRANK: I'm going blank. I can't remember them, but when I was a senior in high\nschool, I met my husband. When we were young in high school—eighth, ninth and\ntenth grade—we all dated the high school guys. We dated the guys our age for a\nlong time, and the guys one year older than us who were in Frank Garson [AZA\nGroup], which was another AZA group. But then . . .\n\nSCHOENBERG: What was your BBG group called?\n\nFRANK: JOJ, \"Jewels of ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45678/file/118737#t=3510.0,3540.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45678/file/118737/transcript/42096/annotation/119","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Judea\", and the DSI group was \"Devoted Sons of Israel.\"\nWe had really classy names. That's in the days before they named them for all\nthe Frank Fiermans, and Frank Garsons, and all those great Atlantans who had\nchapters named for them. But, we played basketball, and I remember Leon Tuck was\nmy advisor [and] our coach for a while. We loved our basketball coaches. But\nthen, once you were in eleventh and twelfth grade, you went to the colleges to\ndate, because at that time there were no women at ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45678/file/118737#t=3540.0,3570.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45678/file/118737/transcript/42096/annotation/120","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Georgia Tech. So all the guys\nwho came here dated the Jewish girls. Judy Cogen was a good friend of mine, and\nwas sweetheart of AEPi at Georgia Tech. She was dating Marty Cogen then, and I\nwas dating an AEPi, so we doubled a lot. So once you hit eleventh and twelfth\ngrade, you began dating the college kids, and that was big time.\n\nSCHOENBERG: Also at Emory [University]?\n\nFRANK: Not as much, a little bit. But Emory had women on the campus, so even\nthough they dated high school ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45678/file/118737#t=3570.0,3600.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45678/file/118737/transcript/42096/annotation/121","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"girls in Atlanta, it wasn't as much. But at that\ntime, the AEPi and TEP house at Emory were all Jewish, and the AEPi house at\n[Georgia] Tech was really where the action was.\n\nSCHOENBERG: Who were some of the guys at Tech?\n\nFRANK: Well, Jerry and Sandy Cohen were [there]. One of my best friends was\nElaine Greenbaum. Elaine and Marilyn Greenbaum were the \"Greenbaum Twins\" here\nin Atlanta. Now they live in New York. Elaine dated Jerry ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45678/file/118737#t=3600.0,3630.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45678/file/118737/transcript/42096/annotation/122","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Cohen. Judy Cogen\ndated Marty Cogen. I dated Leonard [Frank]. Oh, and Lenny Greenstein was there\nat the time. He stayed here.\n\nSCHOENBERG: How about Warren Epstein?\n\nFRANK: I think Warren was a good deal older than I was. I didn't know him. But\nsome other names escape me. Lee Weinstein and Gary Leff were there. They're\nstill in Atlanta. But most of the crowd that Leonard and Marty Cogen ran around\nwith are ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45678/file/118737#t=3630.0,3660.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45678/file/118737/transcript/42096/annotation/123","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"gone, out of Atlanta.\n\nSCHOENBERG: They just left town.\n\nFRANK: Yes.\n\nSCHOENBERG: Couldn't stand it, couldn't take the heat.\n\nFRANK: Right.\n\nSCHOENBERG: All right, let's move on. I'm really curious, and would like for you\nto talk a little more about, how you got into your profession, how you used your\nvolunteer activities as a stepping stone into a career.\n\nFRANK: I always was involved in organizational ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45678/file/118737#t=3660.0,3690.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45678/file/118737/transcript/42096/annotation/124","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"life. I ran for stuff when I was\nat college—I went to Stephens College—and then Leonard and I got married, and\nwe lived for a while in New Jersey. When I was in New Jersey, I was introduced\nto National Council of Jewish Women, and I fell in love with it. When I came\nback to Atlanta, I immediately looked up NCJW. Marilyn Shubin was president of\nthe section, and she plugged me into my first job. That was just a 20 year love\naffair with National Council of Jewish Women. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45678/file/118737#t=3690.0,3720.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45678/file/118737/transcript/42096/annotation/125","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Through the National Council of\nJewish Women and my work with Soviet Jewry, I became very involved in Federation\nand chaired the Federation Soviet Jewry Committee. I moved out of NCJW as\npresident, on to some national things with NCJW, but [did] a lot of leadership\ntraining and campaign stuff with Federation work with Soviet Jewry. Then Leonard\nand I moved to Tennessee, and I went through a divorce in Tennessee and knew I\nneeded to go to work to support four children. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45678/file/118737#t=3720.0,3750.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45678/file/118737/transcript/42096/annotation/126","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I had two job opportunities that\nwere a direct result of my volunteer work. The first one offered to me was\nDirector of Volunteers at a Jewish home and hospital. The second one that was\noffered to me was Director of Volunteers with Russian Resettlement. I had worked\nwith Jody Franco and Fran Eizenstat when the Soviet Jews first began coming to\nAtlanta in the 1970s. So when I moved to Memphis [Tennessee] in 1978, I really\nknew a lot about Soviet Jewry. I had helped write a national manual that the\nNational Council of Jewish Women had gotten a ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45678/file/118737#t=3750.0,3780.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45678/file/118737/transcript/42096/annotation/127","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"grant from the Council of Jewish\nFederations to write about the volunteer role in the resettlement of Soviet\nJews. So it was a real toss up for me, and I just decided that the future of\nthis country was in the elderly and I needed to learn about that if I was going\nto be working long term. So I went to work for the Jewish Home [Memphis Jewish\nHome and Rehab] as their Director of Volunteers. Then, two years later, I\nfinished the divorce, sold my house, and moved back to Atlanta. I came looking\nfor a job and really was determined to work in the Jewish community, and if not\nthat, in the political arena. Interestingly, one of the people I spoke to was\nSidney ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45678/file/118737#t=3780.0,3810.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45678/file/118737/transcript/42096/annotation/128","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Marcus who was about to run for mayor. All of his folks really wanted me\non that staff, but they weren't ready to put the staff together, and I needed a\njob. I had come to Atlanta, bought a house, and moved here with four kids—one\nin college by then. The American Jewish Committee position opened up, and I got\nthis job, and I've been at it now twelve and a half years. I really feel like\nI'm getting paid for the things I've done for 20 years as a volunteer, and still\nin the same kind of tying social issues, public policy ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45678/file/118737#t=3810.0,3840.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45678/file/118737/transcript/42096/annotation/129","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"issues, and concern for\nworld Jewry.\n\nSCHOENBERG: Was there a strong social activism streak in your mother?\n\nFRANK: No, I think the social activism comes from my father. My mother was very\nprivate, very quiet, not communal at all. But when I look back at it, I think\nshe probably did all she could do to work and raise a family, and I don't think\nsingle women could do what they could do today. So she was not organizationally\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45678/file/118737#t=3840.0,3870.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45678/file/118737/transcript/42096/annotation/130","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"minded at all. I'm not sure Jewish women did that in New York growing up, too. I\nthink some of it is very much [that] communal activity is southern.\n\nSCHOENBERG: I don't know that it's necessarily southern, but you may be right.\nAlthough, look at the leadership in Council, for instance. Frequently, the top\nleadership comes out of that New York area.\n\nFRANK: I was in a great crowd, though. Marilyn Shubin was followed by Susie\nElson who was followed by Barbara Asher, and then I followed Barbara Asher. So\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45678/file/118737#t=3870.0,3900.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45678/file/118737/transcript/42096/annotation/131","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"it was just a wonderful succession of interesting and different role models.\n\nSCHOENBERG: You told a cute story about how your meetings changed.\n\nFRANK: Oh, yes. These were the days when everybody was home with help and with\nchildren. I remember when I finally came on to the Executive Committee of the\nNational Council of Jewish Women. Marilyn Shubin had finished her\npresidency—and shortly after, went to work for the Federation—and Susie Elson\nwas president. We would have Executive Committee meetings that would last, I\nguess, from nine-thirty or ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45678/file/118737#t=3900.0,3930.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45678/file/118737/transcript/42096/annotation/132","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"so in the morning until about two or three [in the\nafternoon]. At Susie Elson's, they were always absolutely elaborate lunches. She\nused the most exquisite silver I ever saw in my life. It was the first time I\nsaw a biscuit tin . . . I always thought you put crackers in a basket or a\nlittle loose side thing, but she had these silver antique beauties. Then we went\nfrom Susie Elson and all the delicious food, to Barbara Asher who felt if she\nhad a cigarette and a pad of paper, she could go from early morning until late\nnight. I remember people used to bring fruit and peanut butter and jelly\nsandwiches thinking they would die ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45678/file/118737#t=3930.0,3960.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45678/file/118737/transcript/42096/annotation/133","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"before Barbara Asher's meetings ended. And\nI'm the original Jewish mother and cook. When I got to be president, the focus\nof our meetings were, \"What had Sherry cooked up?\" I remember Gracie Hentrow was\none of the presidents after me, and I think she was intimidated by how much we\nate at these meetings, or the style in which we served. Her mother used to come\nin from Montgomery [Alabama] when we'd have Exec meetings, and she cooked for\nus. It was really a lot of fun. Now I see the women meet for two ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45678/file/118737#t=3960.0,3990.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45678/file/118737/transcript/42096/annotation/134","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and a half\nhours at the Council office and barely have coffee, so I guess those were the\ngood old days when we could ponder the world for hours. They were exciting,\nchallenging times.\n\nSCHOENBERG: Your own drive, then, for social activism and for bettering this\nworld, you think . . .\n\nFRANK: It was partly my synagogue and it was partly my youth group. I believe it\nprobably was my father who just didn't live long enough to set the ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45678/file/118737#t=3990.0,4020.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45678/file/118737/transcript/42096/annotation/135","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"example that\nI followed. But I've just always been drawn to the community, and to me, that's\nliving out my Judaism and working for social justice. I think maybe [I'm] even\nlucky to be part of the times. I remember one of the things that I did . . .\nWhen I was President of Council—and I think I was a fairly good delegator—I\ndecided there are certain things you should be able to do as president, and\npick. It was early in the 1970s, and the Soviet Jewry Movement had just started,\nreally in 1970. The women's organizations were rotating the ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45678/file/118737#t=4020.0,4050.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45678/file/118737/transcript/42096/annotation/136","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Women's Plea for\nSoviet Jewry on December 10th which was Human Rights Day. I was president from\n1973 to 1975, and in 1973, it was National Council of Jewish Women's turn to do\nthe Women's Plea for Soviet Jewry, and I decided as president, I was going to be\nchair. I also decided we were going to take the cause of Soviet Jewry into the\nstreets of Atlanta. I remember a past president suggesting to me [that] she\nmight rethink her membership in NCJW, and be the first life member to cancel a\nlife membership because I was being so Jewish in ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45678/file/118737#t=4050.0,4080.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45678/file/118737/transcript/42096/annotation/137","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"public. But we set up a soup\nkitchen at a downtown city park to stage what it was like being in Siberia in a\nprison camp in the Soviet Union. I think to work for Soviet Jewry and to see the\ndoors open and resettle Soviet Jews, and to see them land by the thousands in\nIsrael, if you weren't a social activist, the times made you one. I was supposed\nto go to Israel for the first time in 1973 when NCJW's research center was to be\ndedicated at Mount Scopus. But the Yom ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45678/file/118737#t=4080.0,4110.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45678/file/118737/transcript/42096/annotation/138","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Kippur War broke out, and we didn't go\nuntil 1974. To go to Mount Scopus and see that road open again and Jerusalem\nre-unified—and not be compelled to work for your life for Israel—I think the\ntimes drew me in as much as my own kind of commitment to these issues.\n\nSCHOENBERG: You're probably quite right. I think there are a lot of people who\nhave been in much the same boat. How did the Civil Rights Movement—for\ninstance—of the 1960s, ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45678/file/118737#t=4110.0,4140.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45678/file/118737/transcript/42096/annotation/139","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"impact you or influence your thinking?\n\nFRANK: I probably had a comfort level working with blacks. I think lots of us\ngrew up loving the people who worked in our house. [I also] grew to have a real\ncomfort level with blacks—not realizing it through the years—because I worked\nsometimes in my Uncle Joe's store. But it was really through National Council of\nJewish Women that I began doing projects at inner city schools—cultural\nenrichment programs—that I got drawn into it. My best friend in my ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45678/file/118737#t=4140.0,4170.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45678/file/118737/transcript/42096/annotation/140","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"National\nCouncil of Jewish Women days became Fran Eizenstat, and you just couldn't be\nFran's friend without being politically active. So everybody Stuart Eizenstat\nknew got involved in Andy Young's campaign. I remember the day of the election\nfor Congress when Andrew Young ran. This is the 1960s. All of us were assigned\ndistricts, and we were to go work all day bringing people to the polls. When I\ntold my housekeeper I was going, she had a fit and made me promise her that I\nwouldn't tell my ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45678/file/118737#t=4170.0,4200.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45678/file/118737/transcript/42096/annotation/141","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"mother where I was going. I was going to Perry Homes. She spent\nthe night at the house and made me take off my wedding band and diamond ring\nwhen I went into the district. I was there when the polls opened at seven [in\nthe morning] and stayed until they closed at seven [at night]. I literally\nknocked on stranger's doors, brought folks—some reeking of alcohol—in my car\nto vote, waited at bus stops to take people to the polls . . . There are\nwonderful documentaries about that being the beginning of grass roots\npolitics—the folks that came out to get out the vote when Andy ran for\nCongress. I remember Leonard and I being one of maybe ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45678/file/118737#t=4200.0,4230.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45678/file/118737/transcript/42096/annotation/142","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"a dozen folks down at Andy\nYoung's precinct on election night watching our precinct. I figured I was going\nto get commission on how many folks in Perry Homes voted that day. But it was an\namazing victory and I think from then on I just couldn't stand staying out of\npolitics. Then Wyche Fowler was in [Atlanta] City Council, and I was involved in\nSoviet Jewry with Federation. Wyche went and interceded on behalf of a Soviet\nJew who, a week after Wyche got back from Russia, got out. I ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45678/file/118737#t=4230.0,4260.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45678/file/118737/transcript/42096/annotation/143","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"remember having\nparties at my house for Wyche when he first ran for Congress and City Council,\nthen went on to be Senator. You just couldn't be involved with the friends that\nI was involved with, [like] Ros Cohen, who was a past president of NCJW and\npassed away as a young woman. All of us got caught up in politics—if not out of\nour own inclination, through being friends of Fran and Stuart—and that's\ncontinued to this day.\n\nSCHOENBERG: I know you have a close relationship with John Lewis and his whole family.\n\nFRANK: Right, by the ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45678/file/118737#t=4260.0,4290.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45678/file/118737/transcript/42096/annotation/144","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"time I came to work for the American Jewish Committee, I\nknew it was inappropriate any longer to say where my politics were, particularly\nwhen I was working as much as I am in the black community today. But I told John\n[Lewis] when he ran against Julian Bond, that I was certainly in his camp,\nwanted to do what I could, but out of the spotlight. Also, I didn't have money\nto give. But I discovered in learning about John Lewis, that his son and my son\nhad the same birthday. And John Miles Lewis, and my ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45678/file/118737#t=4290.0,4320.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45678/file/118737/transcript/42096/annotation/145","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"son Andy Frank, have shared\nmany birthday parties together.\n\nSCHOENBERG: Is Andy Frank named for Andy Young?\n\nFRANK: No. I never even thought about that until I just slipped. But I told John\nwhen he ran for Congress that I was a single parent, home on weekends, and if\nthere was anything I could do for them in that vein, quietly to let me know.\nWhat I didn't realize was [that] John was from Alabama and his wife, Lillian\n[Lewis], was from California, and they had no one here. Little John came on\nFriday nights and stayed until Sunday evenings for three months, through the\nentire summer. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45678/file/118737#t=4320.0,4350.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45678/file/118737/transcript/42096/annotation/146","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"John would end his busy weekends and his debates on television,\nputting his feet up at my house, unwinding, and having something to eat and\npicking up little John. His son and my son spent the entire summer wearing \"John\nLewis for Congress\" shirts. So wherever they went, to fill up gas, to get\ngroceries, they were politicking. And he promised my son if he made it to\nCongress, he was going to take him with him. And when John was sworn in to\nCongress, his son and my son were at his side on the ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45678/file/118737#t=4350.0,4380.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45678/file/118737/transcript/42096/annotation/147","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"floor, and Lillian Lewis\nand I were looking down on them from the balcony. So there's a real affinity we\nhave with the Lewis family.\n\nSCHOENBERG: Very special.\n\nSCHOENBERG: This is Ann Hoffman Schoenberg interviewing Sherry Zimmerman Frank\non the 16th of June, 1993, in Atlanta, Georgia. This is the first side of the\nsecond tape. This is for the Jewish Oral History Project of Atlanta,\nco-sponsored by the American Jewish Committee, the Atlanta Jewish Federation,\nand the ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45678/file/118737#t=4380.0,4410.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45678/file/118737/transcript/42096/annotation/148","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"National Council of Jewish Women. We were talking about the American\nJewish Committee's black/Jewish or Jewish/black coalition, whichever way we\nphrase it. There are other areas, however, that I think you've had a significant\nimpact on in the American Jewish Committee's work of the last several years.\nWhat about ACCESS, for instance?\n\nFRANK: I guess there are three or four things I'm most proud of. One is [that]\nin another ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45678/file/118737#t=4410.0,4440.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45678/file/118737/transcript/42096/annotation/149","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"world and another day—if women were in places that they were not in\n[in] my day, or they are today—I am sure I would have studied to be a rabbi. So\none of the things I like to do best is be rabbi to the American Jewish\nCommittee. It was very fertile ground. It was a constituency that needed a\nlittle bit of Jewish nourishment and I really liked to fill that vacuum. Also, I\nwas the first person who was a non-Temple member to be president of the National\nCouncil of Jewish Women. So I think I have an ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45678/file/118737#t=4440.0,4470.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45678/file/118737/transcript/42096/annotation/150","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"affinity with moving Reform Jews\ninto a more traditional posture, and I've done that—I think—with the American\nJewish Committee. I was always very devoted to Federation, and I enjoy being a\nteam player. I enjoyed making NCJW more centrist and more connected to\nFederation, and vice versa—Federation more appreciative of things outside of\ntheir four walls. So I've really enjoyed when people say to me, \"AJC is so\nmainstream, or so known, or so ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45678/file/118737#t=4470.0,4500.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45678/file/118737/transcript/42096/annotation/151","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"different than when you came in.\" I really like\nto think that it's come both ways. The more traditional Jewish community has\ncome to appreciate the important role AJC plays and AJC is more a player in\nmainstream Jewish community. So that's one thing. Another thing is, I really am\ncommitted to the next generation, maybe because some of my kids are in that next\ngeneration. My daughter has just got on the UJA National Board and is president\nof Young Leadership Council of Federation in San Francisco. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45678/file/118737#t=4500.0,4530.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45678/file/118737/transcript/42096/annotation/152","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"So I'm very proud of\nthat kind of next generation of commitment. I really am committed to young\npeople, and I think the American Jewish Committee—because of its intellectual\nprogramming and other kinds of things—has a great deal to offer these young\nfolks who are educated and community minded as well as Jewishly committed, or\nwho ought to be more Jewishly committed. I can be a rabbi to them because they\nhaven't quite joined a synagogue yet. But ACCESS has grown. I recently told my\nboss, when I came on staff at the American Jewish Committee in ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45678/file/118737#t=4530.0,4560.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45678/file/118737/transcript/42096/annotation/153","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"1980, the chapter\nhad about 450 members. Today we're 1,450. ACCESS is our young adult division,\nand is now 550 [members], so it's larger than the chapter I came to direct\ntwelve and a half years ago. I'm very proud of that. I'm proud of the leadership\nthat is emerging from it. Also, as much as I think I'm a team player, I still am\nguilty of a lot of turf issues—we all are—and I see how ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45678/file/118737#t=4560.0,4590.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45678/file/118737/transcript/42096/annotation/154","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"un-turf-minded they\nare. They're teaching me, and that's very exciting, so I really feel good about\nthat. It's interesting, the things that lead to other things. Through my work\nwith the black community, [one time] Maynard Jackson called to ask us to pull\ntogether a press conference. In our efforts to bring in the diverse group that\nwe're working with—which includes religious folks and ethnic folks—we, in all\ninnocence, called the Latin American Association, the Korean Community Relations\nCouncil, and others. The ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45678/file/118737#t=4590.0,4620.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45678/file/118737/transcript/42096/annotation/155","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Koreans came to that press conference feeling [that]\nfinally they could get someone to listen to them about the problems they were\nhaving in the black community. We'd become the bridge between the black\ncommunity and the Korean community. The Korean community said to us, \"The Jewish\ncommunity works in the black community—physically, has jobs in the black\ncommunity—with small grocery stores in the black community. How do you\nfunction?\" We pulled together a wonderful committee of ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45678/file/118737#t=4620.0,4650.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45678/file/118737/transcript/42096/annotation/156","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Jews to meet with the\nKorean community, and it was a very funny meeting. One of the people that we\ninvited, who is one of my favorite mentors and I think one of the Jewish\ncommunity's giants, is Gerald Cohen. We invited some traditional young folks,\nlike Elaine Alexander, who has always worked in inter-group relation stuff or\nher kid—Kent Alexander—who wants to work as an outreach person. But we also\ninvited some of the old-timers like Gerald Cohen who would know what it was like\nto be in business in the black community. When we went to have this ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45678/file/118737#t=4650.0,4680.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45678/file/118737/transcript/42096/annotation/157","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"meeting with\nthe Koreans, they invited us to a restaurant in Korea Town—which I didn't even\nknow existed—on Buford Highway. We were dying to call [The Atlanta] Jewish\nTimes about the meeting. But we didn't want the Koreans to feel like they were\non stage or like animals in a zoo, \"Come take pictures.\" So we held back our\ndesire to call the press, we left our cameras at the office, and when we got to\nthis meeting, we discovered that there were cameras just flicking away at us. We\ndiscovered for the small Korean community that's half the size of the Jewish\ncommunity—maybe thirty thousand—they've got ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45678/file/118737#t=4680.0,4710.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45678/file/118737/transcript/42096/annotation/158","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"five papers. We have one or two.\nWe were just intrigued with it. There was such awe among the Koreans when Gerald\nCohen would speak. They have this tremendous respect for the elderly, as we do\nas a Jewish value, too. They were so intrigued when Gerald said to them, \"I know\nhow to talk to my grandson at the Shabbos table. I know how to talk to my\nfriends, to my colleagues at Federation, but I also know how to communicate with\nthe guys who load the trucks and sort metal in our warehouse.\" He gave them a\nlot of ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45678/file/118737#t=4710.0,4740.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45678/file/118737/transcript/42096/annotation/159","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"insights about being part of the community—a lot of communities—that\nyou live and work in. We learned that the Koreans had a lot to learn from us and\nwere very anxious to learn. [At] our next meeting with them, we realized what\nsavvy the Jewish community has politically. So we thought we would help them\nbecause they thought any time you needed to express yourself, you do it in the\npress—which very often is counterproductive and particularly inflammatory for\nthe black community. We told them about working quietly and working through\npolitical process. So we ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45678/file/118737#t=4740.0,4770.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45678/file/118737/transcript/42096/annotation/160","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"invited Elliott Levitas—who is a former\nCongressman—but who couldn't come. But Liane Levitan, Ron Slotin, and Doug\nTebor were in elected positions—Kent County [Georgia] chairman (Liane Levitan),\nand a [Georgia] state legislator [Ron Slotin], and a representative of the\n[Georgia] State House [of Representatives] (Doug Tebor). [We invited them] to\nspeak about how you use the political system, and we've done some very\ninteresting things in helping the Koreans move into communal affairs. So that's\nanother exciting area, too. I hope Federation will help me fund a trip of black\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45678/file/118737#t=4770.0,4800.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45678/file/118737/transcript/42096/annotation/161","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Atlantans, but next I want to take Koreans, and Hispanics, and Japanese. This\ncommunity is growing so in its ethnic diversity. I think there are some real\nfriends out there for the Jewish community in these growing ethnic communities\nwho have tremendous awe for us.\n\nSCHOENBERG: Very interesting, I certainly had not considered that. I had thought\nin terms of the Koreans taking the place of the old-time Jewish families who\nlived and worked in the ghettos of ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45678/file/118737#t=4800.0,4830.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45678/file/118737/transcript/42096/annotation/162","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"the earlier years, but . . .\n\nFRANK: The other thing is the American Jewish Committee, and it's a program\ncoming from the Agency, but I really love it. A priority of the Agency is\nsomething we called, \"Why Be Jewish?\" I think all of us—as we look at the\nstudies about Jewish assimilation—realize that we have to reach out and affirm\nmore [of] why it is a very positive thing to live a Jewish lifestyle. I'm\nfinding tremendous interest among my constituents in the American Jewish\nCommittee for that. This past year we had a ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45678/file/118737#t=4830.0,4860.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45678/file/118737/transcript/42096/annotation/163","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"wonderful study group for our Board.\nI think our founders of the American Jewish Committee would be turning in their\ngraves to think that of all Boards in the city of Atlanta, the American Jewish\nCommittee was the first one to institute a six-part Board study series on the\nTorah for our leadership. But I see us getting into studying and being more\nknowledgeable, Jewishly, as an organization, and I'm going to have fun nurturing\nthat in the years to come.\n\nSCHOENBERG: What else do you want to talk about? ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45678/file/118737#t=4860.0,4890.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45678/file/118737/transcript/42096/annotation/164","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"You're such a good interview, I\ndon't even have to say anything. I'm going to let you make your own questions,\nnow. Is there something else?\n\nFRANK: I guess, if there's any area that I am radical on, it's feminism in the\nJewish ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45678/file/118737#t=4890.0,4920.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45678/file/118737/transcript/42096/annotation/165","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"community. I never was a bra-burning feminist. I don't relate at all to\nthe radical feminist issues. I like playing woman's role. I like equality. But I\nam rabid in the Jewish community, and I don't know where it came from. Sometimes\nI say to myself, \"Maybe it came from sitting in the back, or on the side, of the\nmechitzah at Shearith Israel and feeling second class and hating it.\" I never\ncan daven where women sit separately. I don't like that kind of thing. For\nyears, I wanted to wear a ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45678/file/118737#t=4920.0,4950.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45678/file/118737/transcript/42096/annotation/166","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"tallit, and women didn't do that at the AA. When I was\nbat mitzvahed—I didn't have a bat mitzvah as a child because my voice is really\npitiful, and I had all the Hebrew but I was embarrassed to sing. I used to sit\nevery Shabbos at shul with Jeannie Kutner who sings as badly as I do, and\nJeannie was having this whole new renewal into Judaism. Gerald Cohen says\nJeannie overcame her background more than anyone he knows, meaning she grew up\nat The Temple and is now at the AA. Jeannie and I decided we'd study for our ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45678/file/118737#t=4950.0,4980.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45678/file/118737/transcript/42096/annotation/167","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"bat\nmitzvah together. My kids really had a kick telling their boss they had to get\noff work to come in town for their mother's bat mitzvah at 45 [years old]. But,\nsome of my friends wanted to buy me a tallit then, and I wouldn't do it. I said\nto my kids, \"The only reason I'd do a bat mitzvah with Jeannie is because she\ncouldn't sing either.\" And on the way home from the bat mitzvah, my kids said,\n\"Hey, Mom, next to you, Jeannie Kutner can sing.\" They only told me that after\nthe bat mitzvah. But it kept gnawing at me that I wanted to wear a tallit, and I\njust ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45678/file/118737#t=4980.0,5010.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45678/file/118737/transcript/42096/annotation/168","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"didn't. At Etz Chaim now, the women wear tallits and you can't have an\naliyah at Etz Chaim without putting on a kippah and a tallit if you're a man or\na woman, which I just think is so beautiful. I went to Israel right before the\nGulf War, and there was no one in Israel. The shops were open just for us [and]\nfor our tour bus because nobody was going and nobody was buying. I decided with\nmy meager money, I was going to make an investment in Israel's economy. And if I\nwas going to make an investment in Israel's economy, it had to be a tallit. So I\nwent and I ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45678/file/118737#t=5010.0,5040.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45678/file/118737/transcript/42096/annotation/169","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"bought this absolutely exquisite tallit. I figured, also, if I was\ngoing to wear a tallit, it had to be a feminist tallit. It's pink silk, and it's\nall woven colors, and it's wonderful. Then I decided, if I was going to wear the\ntallit, it had to be a very special time. I bought it in December. My mother had\npassed away that year, and I was going to say Kaddish for my mother for the\nfirst time in February. So, I saved it to wear the first time I said Kaddish for\nher, so I could remember her every time I put it ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45678/file/118737#t=5040.0,5070.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45678/file/118737/transcript/42096/annotation/170","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"on. I remember that next year,\nwhoever was president of synagogue called me to ask me to do the Torah portion\nfor Rosh Hashanah, which a woman had never done and which I was very excited\nabout. Then my singing voice really threw me and I had to study for three months\nwith a cantor, which I thought was going to give him a coronary. I don't know\nwhich gave him the worst coronary, my voice, or that a woman was asked to do\nthis. [It seemed like an] absolutely horrible crime. It was totally intimidating\nto sing for the cantor, but ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45678/file/118737#t=5070.0,5100.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45678/file/118737/transcript/42096/annotation/171","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I think the rabbi wanted me to do it so I would wear\nmy tallit in front of the congregation and they would see that a woman could\nwear a tallit. And I have to tell you, nobody has worn it since, so I'm not sure\nif I'm an example for others to follow. But, we have a black/Jewish women's\ngroup, and Johnnetta Cole and I were talking about meeting. It was right after\nJohnnetta's debacle where she was in the [President Bill] Clinton\nadministration, and The Forward newspaper had printed horrible things about her\npast. Then she was taken out ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45678/file/118737#t=5100.0,5130.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45678/file/118737/transcript/42096/annotation/172","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"of contest, if she was in contest, for a Clinton\nappointment. But, Johnnetta said to me when we were meeting, \"We need to do\nsomething inspiring to bring the group together. Why don't you share something\nJewish and I'll share something from the African community?\" She said, \"Bring\nsomething you can touch or feel, like that 'candelabra' thing.\" That was the\nmenorah, so I brought my menorah. And I brought my tallit to share, and\neverybody was very intrigued with the ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45678/file/118737#t=5130.0,5160.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45678/file/118737/transcript/42096/annotation/173","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"tallit.\n\nSCHOENBERG: I would think so, with a pink silk tallit.\n\nFRANK: So I feel that I'm making a very strong statement when I wear it, about\nequality in our Jewish tradition, and I'm really an advocate for that.\n\nSCHOENBERG: How about your girls? Are they advocating much the same?\n\nFRANK: My daughters are an actuary and an investment banker. One daughter, who's\nmarried, earns twice what her husband does and probably always will. He's in a\nwonderful field of environmental ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45678/file/118737#t=5160.0,5190.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45678/file/118737/transcript/42096/annotation/174","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"science, but she's an investment banker. They\nlive in different worlds where women's earning power is different, women's roles\nare different. When Jacque goes out on a date, she feels it's as much her role\nto pay for a guy as for him [to pay for her, because] she may be making more\nthan he. She moved right into being president of YLC and on the board of her\nsynagogue and her Federation without thinking it was unusual for a woman to be\nin this level. She never had to go to her husband for her campaign gift. I would\nsay that they are activists but ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45678/file/118737#t=5190.0,5220.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45678/file/118737/transcript/42096/annotation/175","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"not feminist activists because some of the\nbattles are over. I recently asked Laura, who is very aggressive in business,\nhow she feels as a woman. She says she feels she's listened to and taken more\nseriously because she's in that inner circle at work and because of her\neducational background—she got a Master's [degree] at University of Chicago—so\nI don't think they feel they have to prove anything. It's a different kind ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45678/file/118737#t=5220.0,5250.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45678/file/118737/transcript/42096/annotation/176","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"of\nworld for them, having aliyahs and those kind of things as not being unusual.\nThey had bat mitzvahs. They're just not unusual for them. So I don't see them\nfighting feminist battles. I count women's heads wherever I go in Jewish\nenvironments, to make sure women are really moving where they ought to be. I\nlook at Deborah Beards, who is president of the [The William Bremen] Jewish\nHome, and Sheryl Finkle, president of The Epstein School. I get tremendous\nnaches out of seeing women succeed. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45678/file/118737#t=5250.0,5280.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45678/file/118737/transcript/42096/annotation/177","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"When the [Atlanta] Jewish Community Center\nand Jewish Family Services of Atlanta had executive director positions opened, I\nwaited to see if women would move into the roles. I still don't think that women\nare going to move yet—in this community—into those most powerful places, and\nothers. So I'm always looking at women, but only within our own community for\nsome reason.\n\nSCHOENBERG: Have you aspirations to do something other than what you're doing\nright now?\n\nFRANK: No. Actually, when the Jewish Family Service position was ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45678/file/118737#t=5280.0,5310.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45678/file/118737/transcript/42096/annotation/178","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"open, Jerry\nHorowitz and some other folks told me to apply for it. Early in my AJC career,\nprobably the first year, Marilyn Shubin's position as Women's Division Director\nat Federation opened up and folks told me to apply for it. I went to talk to\nDavid Sarnat about it. I love the American Jewish Committee. The only time in 12\nyears I have thought of leaving was to go run John Lewis's district office here.\nI've been offered other positions in the ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45678/file/118737#t=5310.0,5340.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45678/file/118737/transcript/42096/annotation/179","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"American Jewish Committee field, but I\nwon't leave Atlanta.\n\nSCHOENBERG: You want to stay here.\n\nFRANK: Yes. I have no aspirations to do anything but what I'm doing. I love it.\n\nSCHOENBERG: Well, we're glad that you're doing it, and we're glad you're doing\nit here. I think at this point we will wrap this for the evening, and I thank\nyou very much. I again, will withhold the right to come back at you some other\ntime, if we deem it appropriate, and do a little further exploration. But thank\nyou so much, Sherry.\n\nSCHOENBERG: This is Ann Hoffman ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45678/file/118737#t=5340.0,5370.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45678/file/118737/transcript/42096/annotation/180","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Schoenberg interviewing Sherry Zimmerman Frank\non the 27th of April, 1994, in her home in Atlanta, Georgia, at 140 Abernathy\nRoad. It is about seven-thirty in the evening, and this is for the Jewish Oral\nHistory Project of Atlanta, co-sponsored by the American Jewish Committee, the\nAtlanta Jewish Federation, and the National Council of Jewish ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45678/file/118737#t=5370.0,5400.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45678/file/118737/transcript/42096/annotation/181","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Women. This is the\nsecond side of a second tape that Sherry and I have worked on. We have pretty\nmuch covered your earlier life [Sherry], in our previous two sittings, but I did\nfeel that you might want to expand a little bit more on some of the activities\nthat you have been involved with at AJC since you have become a professional.\nAnd if there's anything else that you'd like to talk about as well. But ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45678/file/118737#t=5400.0,5430.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45678/file/118737/transcript/42096/annotation/182","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"why\ndon't we start with AJC because I really do think that the work that you've done\nthere has been so significant that it's worthy of further mention.\n\nFRANK: Well, I knew when I went through the divorce and had to go to work full\ntime that I wanted to stay in the Jewish community. I also knew that I could\nmake the transition to a professional role from a lay role because I worked with\nNCJW and because it was an organization so tapped in to the community—but\nworking so much in partnership with ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45678/file/118737#t=5430.0,5460.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45678/file/118737/transcript/42096/annotation/183","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"other organizations that had staff. When I\ncame on board with the American Jewish Committee, I remember my boss asking me\nin my interview what I would do with my four little children if someone got\nsick, not realizing he didn't have the right to ask me that.\n\nSCHOENBERG: Well, in those years, it wasn't mandated.\n\nFRANK: Right. As it turns out, I was single with four young children but I had a\nmother who was widowed, and retired, and was wonderful. The funny part was that\nmy boss at the time—Bill Gralnick—whenever his kids were ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45678/file/118737#t=5460.0,5490.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45678/file/118737/transcript/42096/annotation/184","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"sick, he was the\nparent that went to get them and missed a day of work, and not his working wife.\nSo, that was really funny. But I was determined from the beginning to really do\na great job. I needed the job. Bill was very supportive. Within four months of\nmy being on staff, Bill was offered a position in Florida. I knew from January\nuntil May that he was going to leave, and that I was going to have a crack at\nbeing the Director, and that I was going to be the first woman in that job.\n\nSCHOENBERG: What was your initial job? What was your ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45678/file/118737#t=5490.0,5520.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45678/file/118737/transcript/42096/annotation/185","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"title?\n\nFRANK: I was hired as an Assistant Area Director, and women had had that job\nbefore. Bill was very nurturing and encouraging, and told me to find a few\nmentors and listen to them, and find an area to make my mark in. He had made his\nmark in extremism and in interreligious affairs, and he kind of suggested that I\nlook at energy as an issue, and ethnic relations as an issue, and black/Jewish\nrelations. I jumped in at black/Jewish relations. Some ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45678/file/118737#t=5520.0,5550.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45678/file/118737/transcript/42096/annotation/186","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"early mentors like Phoebe\nFranklin Lundeen—who has since passed away—[and] Ted Fisher—who was the\nCommunity Relations Committee chair at Federation who really helped me get into\nUnited Way and other community-based agencies—was a mentor of black/Jewish\nrelations. That's really where I made my mark. I had the opportunity of working\nwith Cecil Alexander and John Lewis in just pulling together a group of blacks\nand Jews. One of my colleagues in New York—Hyman ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45678/file/118737#t=5550.0,5580.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45678/file/118737/transcript/42096/annotation/187","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Bookbinder in Washington [DC],\nwho is AJC's Washington lobbyist—suggested that chapters all over the country\nought to reach out to black folks. It was 1980, 1982, because the Voting Rights\nAct was up for renewal. He thought it was a very good safe bridge issue. Blacks\nand Jews had worked together on voting rights in Mississippi in the 1960s and it\nwas up for renewal. So we actually had a ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45678/file/118737#t=5580.0,5610.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45678/file/118737/transcript/42096/annotation/188","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"meeting to study the Voting Rights Act,\nand out of that grew the Black/Jewish Coalition. The first name of the coalition\nwas the \"Black/Jewish Coalition in Support of the Voting Rights Act.\"\n\nSCHOENBERG: Who was involved in that?\n\nFRANK: Cecil Alexander convened the meeting, and Cecil has a tremendous long\nrich history of working in the black community. His home was one of these homes\nthat was a place that blacks could go when there was segregation in the South,\nand restaurants weren't open to blacks.\n\nSCHOENBERG: Why was that? How did he happen to fall into that pattern?\n\nFRANK: ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45678/file/118737#t=5610.0,5640.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45678/file/118737/transcript/42096/annotation/189","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Folks say that he was just a civic-minded, generous, righteous person who\nreached out across race and religion. But some folks say it was his wife, Hermie\nAlexander, who just was totally color blind. She grew up in New Orleans\n[Louisiana], and I think she had always had black friends. Together they were\nreally the friends of the black community, and they were in the spirit of Jacob\nRothschild who thought, after Martin Luther King [Jr.] won the Nobel [Peace]\nprize, there ought to be a dinner for ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45678/file/118737#t=5640.0,5670.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45678/file/118737/transcript/42096/annotation/190","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"him. He [Cecil] was just a\nforward-thinking guy. We asked him to convene a meeting. We asked John Lewis to\nspeak because he had done so much work with the Voting Rights. There were\nfabulous folks who came to that first meeting, folks like Julian Bond. I think\nwe asked about 50 folks and 35 ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45678/file/118737#t=5670.0,5700.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45678/file/118737/transcript/42096/annotation/191","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"came. There was an electricity in the room.\nEverybody wanted to continue to work together. We spent that first summer\nmeeting with our members of Congress, meeting with the editorial boards [of the\npapers], campaigning for writing letters, speaking out on the renewal of the\nVoting Rights Act . . .\n\nSCHOENBERG: Who were some of the other Jewish members?\n\nFRANK: The Jewish folks from the start were folks who also had a long, rich\nrecord of commitment to the city, to moving out beyond their own Jewish\ncommunity. Elaine Alexander was involved from the beginning. Larry Lowenstein\nwas the ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45678/file/118737#t=5700.0,5730.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45678/file/118737/transcript/42096/annotation/192","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"president of the American Jewish Committee and very supportive of our\nefforts. Lois Frank was on board early, and a lot of AJC leadership like Ted\nFisher, and Marvin Weintraub, and Cedric Suzman. I remember Elaine Alexander\nbeing on there real early.\n\nSCHOENBERG: Was Barbara Asher?\n\nFRANK: Barbara wasn't involved with us. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45678/file/118737#t=5730.0,5760.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45678/file/118737/transcript/42096/annotation/193","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Maybe she came to some things, but I\ndon't remember her very much. Michal Hillman was involved with us from the\nbeginning. My early staff colleagues were real committed to it, Ronnie Van\nGelder, Rabbi [Alvin] Sugarman. We did a lot through the years with the\nBlack/Jewish ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45678/file/118737#t=5760.0,5790.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45678/file/118737/transcript/42096/annotation/194","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Coalition. We [would] do programs where we just got together to\nlearn about each other's backgrounds. When I went to Russia and visited Soviet\nJews, I talked about it. When Coretta Scott King went to South Africa, she came\nback and talked about it. We talked about all kinds of social issues. But then\nwe marched together. The first time we marched together, John Lewis at that time\nwas at City Hall in Atlanta, [as] a City Councilman. He was going back to cross\nthe Edmund Pettus Bridge in Selma, Alabama, which was really the ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45678/file/118737#t=5790.0,5820.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45678/file/118737/transcript/42096/annotation/195","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"seminal event\nin the Civil Rights Movement. [It was] when the fire hoses and the dogs were\nwaiting for the marchers at the other side of the Edmund Pettus Bridge, and\nknocked them unconscious. It made the front cover of Life Magazine. It really\nled to the passage of the Voting Rights Act, and John and I shared the twentieth\nanniversary [of that]. The Voting Rights Act was passed in 1965 and this was\n1985. We went back and marched for the twentieth anniversary. Rabbi Sugarman\nsaid he wanted us to start at The Temple [Mishkan Israel] because it was bombed,\nand because ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45678/file/118737#t=5820.0,5850.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45678/file/118737/transcript/42096/annotation/196","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"there was something special about going from that place to another\nplace that was historic. It was so emotional. Lots of us went who had never\nmarched before. People went with their children who didn't march earlier. I\nremember when Rabbi Sugarman and John Lewis got at the top of the Edmund Pettus\nBridge, they kneeled down and said a prayer. Rabbi Sugarman said he kissed the\nground, and he looked down, and in front of him were all the media of the world.\nIt was a celebratory day instead of a day for ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45678/file/118737#t=5850.0,5880.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45678/file/118737/transcript/42096/annotation/197","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"brutality, and he had to say a\nprayer in thanks for how far folks had gone in 20 years. Ever since then, I've\nhardly missed an opportunity to march with Coretta Scott King. One of the things\nwe did was march, so we marched in Selma. We marched in Forsyth County [Georgia]\none week before King Week in early 1990, or maybe 1988. Some of the black\nleadership went into Forsyth County—which was an ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45678/file/118737#t=5880.0,5910.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45678/file/118737/transcript/42096/annotation/198","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"all-white county—to\ndemonstrate that there ought to be black folks in that county. They were stoned,\nand hit by Klansmen [members of the Ku Klux Klan]. Hosea Williams, Joseph Lowery\nand others said, \"We won't be forced out of that county.\" The next week, there\nwas a march called the Forsyth County March Against Fear and Intimidation.\nDuring King Week, there's a certain pattern to things that happen, and on Monday\nmorning of King Week, there's ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45678/file/118737#t=5910.0,5940.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45678/file/118737/transcript/42096/annotation/199","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"always an ecumenical service at Ebenezer Baptist\nChurch. Elaine Alexander was going early, Cecil Alexander was going early, and\nthere was special seating for dignitaries. Elaine said to me that you could hear\nat eight in the morning, everybody sang, \"We're not going to be intimidated.\nWe're going to go back to Forsyth County.\" Elaine came home from that prayer\nservice and said, \"Something is going to happen in Forsyth County next week, and\nwe need to be part of it.\" Elaine and I, the very next day, sat in on all the\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45678/file/118737#t=5940.0,5970.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45678/file/118737/transcript/42096/annotation/200","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"meetings that the black leadership were having from The King Center and the SCLC\nand Concerned Black Clergy and Labor. We had never even led a march, or\nparticipated in one, truly. All of a sudden we found ourselves dealing with\neverything from the portable toilets to what synagogues or congregations we\ncould get open, so folks who came in the night before the march could sleep on\nchurch pews and synagogue pews. I didn't even know that happened. We went to our\nBoard and got monies allocated to rent buses for the march. We had this ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45678/file/118737#t=5970.0,6000.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45678/file/118737/transcript/42096/annotation/201","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"big\ndiscussion about what do we do because we're going to march on Shabbos, and we\ndecided that—those of us who felt that this was in the spirit of Shabbat—we\nwanted to march. We sent out flyers over the name of the Atlanta Black/Jewish\nCoalition, and dozens of Jewish folks marched. I remember Steve Selig was an\nearly participant in the Coalition, and he marched. I talked to John Lewis'\nwife, Lillian, to ask her if she was going to march. She said no, John wanted\nher to stay home, it was too dangerous. I went and marched. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45678/file/118737#t=6000.0,6030.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45678/file/118737/transcript/42096/annotation/202","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"From the time we get\noff the bus until we got to the courthouse, there were wall-to-wall National\nGuards. Flying above us were police helicopters, and all along the side were\nKlansmen in full robes—I had never seen that before—with disgusting signs. It\nwas James Earl Ray who killed Martin Luther King [Jr.], and there were signs\nlike \"God bless James Earl Ray,\" or \"Send all the blacks back to Africa.\" I just\ncouldn't believe that Coretta [Scott King]'s kids had to ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45678/file/118737#t=6030.0,6060.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45678/file/118737/transcript/42096/annotation/203","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"see that, but Coretta\nwas very supportive. So we marched. We marched for Soviet Jewry. The Jewish\ncommunity is not a marching community, and in 1987 we had a march in Washington\nfor a Free Soviet Jewry. I'd have to look back in my notes to see who was\nPremier of Russia at the time—maybe [Leonid] Brezhnev—but, it was the first\ntime a Soviet ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45678/file/118737#t=6060.0,6090.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45678/file/118737/transcript/42096/annotation/204","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Premier was coming to the United States to meet [with the\nPresident], and the Jewish community had this enormous march on Sunday to send a\nmessage, \"Let my people go.\" AJC national reached out to me, to help get black\nvoices there, and John Lewis was one of the speakers. Coretta Scott King sent a\nstatement that was read there, and that was exciting. Some black folks came up\non our plane with us from Atlanta to march. Then, Coretta Scott King decided to\ncommemorate the great March on ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45678/file/118737#t=6090.0,6120.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45678/file/118737/transcript/42096/annotation/205","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Washington where Dr. Martin Luther King [Jr.]\nmade the \"I Have a Dream\" speech by deciding in 1985, that every five years she\nwould go back to Washington to reenact the march and celebrate it. So I went\nback with her three times now. In fact, this past summer, in 1993, it was the\nthirtieth anniversary of that great march. I co-chaired the Atlanta mobilization\nfor the march, and that was fun. I co-chaired it with Tim McDonald who is the\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45678/file/118737#t=6120.0,6150.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45678/file/118737/transcript/42096/annotation/206","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Executive Director of Concerned Black Clergy. I was a duck out of water, not\nknowing how you march, and how you get Labor money in there, and how you\norganize the buses. But at the very end, we did something neat. We realized that\nthere were college students from Atlanta who wanted to go march and didn't have\nthe money to get there. So we sent a letter out to the Coalition to see whether\npeople would sponsor one student for $55, and in four days, we filled a bus that\nwe underwrote to go to the march. So that was very ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45678/file/118737#t=6150.0,6180.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45678/file/118737/transcript/42096/annotation/207","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"exciting. But, from the\nstart, we had great black support in the thing. We had Ozell Sutton from the\nU.S. Justice Department. We had some good old boys. Sonny Walker who worked for\nthe National Alliance of Business and Ozell Sutton were two guys who were in\nArkansas when the Little Rock schools opened, and they were pulled off their\njobs to help the black students in Little Rock cope with that. The first person\nthey reached out to—while they were helping the black students at high\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45678/file/118737#t=6180.0,6210.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45678/file/118737/transcript/42096/annotation/208","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"school—was the Reform Rabbi in that community who became their life-long buddy.\n\nSCHOENBERG: What's his name?\n\nFRANK: Ozell and Sunny Walker would still tell you that their rabbi is Zeke\nSiegel, who I don't know. But it's so interesting, because Ozell grew up loving\nZeke, and Sonny's son lives in Little Rock, Arkansas. Zeke has moved on—I don't\nknow, maybe [he's] retired now—but Sonny Walker's son ran for the State\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45678/file/118737#t=6210.0,6240.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45678/file/118737/transcript/42096/annotation/209","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Legislature in Little Rock, and Zeke Siegel's kid ran his campaign. [Walker's\nson] ran and won. So we had, early on in the Black/Jewish Coalition, blacks who\nhad been part of the Civil Rights struggle but who knew Jews were in there. So\nwe didn't need to convince them. Marvin Goldstein was an early supporter of our\nefforts. Eldrin Bell, certainly Andy Young and Maynard Jackson, and Bill\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45678/file/118737#t=6240.0,6270.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45678/file/118737/transcript/42096/annotation/210","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Campbell . . . Our current mayor, Bill Campbell's wife, Sharon Campbell, has\nbeen on the Steering Committee as many years as I can remember, and chaired our\nfirst two team retreats.We had a great Passover seder one year, and it was the\nsame year that there was a race for Congress, and it became a political thing.\nCharles Johnson was running, and his whole family and entourage came. John Lewis\nwas running, and his whole entourage, and Julian Bond—it was like everybody\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45678/file/118737#t=6270.0,6300.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45678/file/118737/transcript/42096/annotation/211","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"running. We've done two seders. One time [Rabbi] Alvin Sugarman and Andy Young\nco-led it. The next time we did it, we had black seminary students join us, and\nthat was powerful.\n\nSCHOENBERG: What was their reaction, how did they approach the seder?\n\nFRANK: The seder was wonderful because we used a Haggadah which I just picked up\nthis past year and realized how unusable it is today. It really shows you that\nwe've lived in magic times. The ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45678/file/118737#t=6300.0,6330.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45678/file/118737/transcript/42096/annotation/212","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"seder was called \"Passage to Freedom,\" and, of\ncourse, seders are always the story of moving from bondage to freedom. But in\nthis seder, along with all of your traditional readings, we read what [Nelson]\nMandela said in prison, and Robben Island. We read passages from Winnie Mandela.\nWe read passages from [Alexander] Sokurov, we read passages from [Natan]\nShuransky. The only one that's relevant anymore is the passage from the Diary of\nAnn Frank, where she ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45678/file/118737#t=6330.0,6360.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45678/file/118737/transcript/42096/annotation/213","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"dreams that tomorrow will be a better day. But, so many\nstruggles have passed, and we talked about it in terms of our commitment to\nthose in our communities who had gone from slavery to freedom [and] have\nunderstood the slave experience. Some of the black folks helped us sing, \"Let My\nPeople Go\" in the middle of the service. We did a lot of wonderful singing, it\nwas great. It was a real bonding experience. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45678/file/118737#t=6360.0,6390.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45678/file/118737/transcript/42096/annotation/214","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"We've been to synagogue together\nand church together. We've had some very sticky issues we've faced together,\ntoo, at least a half dozen times. We did press conferences on very important\nissues. We spoke out in favor of the pardon for Leo Frank at a press conference.\n\nSCHOENBERG: And was there black support for that?\n\nFRANK: Always. What was so wonderful was that John Lewis was our chair for four\nyears, and he was a member of City ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45678/file/118737#t=6390.0,6420.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45678/file/118737/transcript/42096/annotation/215","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Council. The press hangs around the Council\nchambers looking for a story. There's always press assigned to the Legislature,\nassigned to City Council—there are certain peak places. So, in the first eight\nyears of the Coalition, any time we did a press conference, we did it at City\nHall, and whoever was mayor—be it Andy Young or Maynard Jackson—would come out\nof their office and John would set it up. We had [Rev. Joseph] Joe Roberts, who\nis the minister at Ebenezer [Baptist] Church. We had [Rev.] McKinley Young ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45678/file/118737#t=6420.0,6450.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45678/file/118737/transcript/42096/annotation/216","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and\n[Rev. William] Bill Guy who are prominent black ministers, and support from\nConcerned Black Clergy. We spoke out when President [Ronald] Reagan went to\nBitburg [Germany] to visit a cemetery where SS [military branch of the Nazi\nParty] soldiers were [buried]. That was gratifying. [Dr.] Norman Rates is the\nhead of the Religion Department at Spelman [College], and Norman ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45678/file/118737#t=6450.0,6480.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45678/file/118737/transcript/42096/annotation/217","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Rates and some\nother black leadership helped write the statement that we released. It was\nreally black folks who said, \"We really feel like we need to speak out about\nReagan going to Bitburg,\" and that was gratifying. We spoke out about violence\nin South Africa. In fact, over the years, I have been called by black friends, a\nlot of times, to speak out in public here [at] forums about South Africa. In the\nearly 1980s, Jews could speak out about violence in South Africa ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45678/file/118737#t=6480.0,6510.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45678/file/118737/transcript/42096/annotation/218","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and we were\nallies. As we got to the late 1980s—once the Sullivan Principles came in, and\nthe sanctions against South Africa became an issue—that was a horrible wedge\nbetween blacks and Jews because, the only folks not living up to the sanctions\nwere Israel. There was all of this concern about the relationship between Israel\nand South Africa that I think was really outrageous and unfair on Israel's part.\nThey should have been better than that. But, Israel was in the same boat that\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45678/file/118737#t=6510.0,6540.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45678/file/118737/transcript/42096/annotation/219","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"all of black Africa was, and that is, when you don't have any other trading\npartners, you trade with who will do business with you to stay alive. So I'm not\nreally proud of what Israel did in those years in terms of continuing to sell\narms to South Africa. But Israel looked at the fact that there were a 140,000\nJews in South Africa that needed to be watched and protected, too. So that was a\ndifficult time. That was difficult for a Jew to really work with blacks on South\nAfrica for about six years. That's over, now it's a bridge issue again, ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45678/file/118737#t=6540.0,6570.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45678/file/118737/transcript/42096/annotation/220","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"but we\nspoke out on that. I had some gratifying experiences because there were times,\nfor instance, when the scuds [ballistic missiles] were falling on Israel during\nthe Gulf War. The American Jewish Committee wanted to let Israel know they\nweren't alone and that there were Americans of all walks of life who would reach\nout to them. I reached out to the religious leaders that I knew. \"Judicatory\" ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45678/file/118737#t=6570.0,6600.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45678/file/118737/transcript/42096/annotation/221","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"is\na word that describes in a Christian denomination, a judicatory head of the\nMethodist church, or a judicatory head of the Lutheran church. It's like a\njudicial area or a district. We got the bishops from every Protestant\ndenomination, the Catholic Archbishop, Concerned Black Clergy, Coretta Scott\nKing, [and] the head of the black seminary in town, to sign on to this, urging\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45678/file/118737#t=6600.0,6630.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45678/file/118737/transcript/42096/annotation/222","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"support for Israel. In fact, there were so many names that they asked us if we\nwould extend it to a full page ad in the New York Times. So I went back again,\nalways, to Coretta Scott King, to see if we could use her name in the New York\nTimes ad. She said, \"Yes, submit it.\" We got John Lewis. We got Andy Young.\nThen, just this year, with Saracen poison that's been spread everywhere, the\nAmerican Jewish Committee—on Presidents' Day—wanted to do an ad ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45678/file/118737#t=6630.0,6660.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45678/file/118737/transcript/42096/annotation/223","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"called \"We Are\nOne People,\" celebrating America as a pluralistic democratic state. The AJC said\nto us, \"You reach out to people in your state who are nationally recognized, and\nall races, all religions.\" We made a list, and in three days we got the Governor\nof Georgia, Zell Miller, the Mayor of Atlanta, Bill Campbell, Andrew Young,\nCoretta Scott King, Johnnetta Cole, President of Spelman [College], Dr. [James]\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45678/file/118737#t=6660.0,6690.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45678/file/118737/transcript/42096/annotation/224","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Costen, President of the Interdenominational Theological Center, Louis Sullivan,\nwho is now back at Morehouse [College] who was Secretary of Health and Human\nServices . . . We got Senator [Paul] Coverdale. We got Congressman [John] Lewis,\nit was just . . .\n\nSCHOENBERG: What about [President] Jimmy Carter?\n\nFRANK: We had just honored President Carter that year, and we asked him to sign\non. He wrote us a magnificent letter ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45678/file/118737#t=6690.0,6720.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45678/file/118737/transcript/42096/annotation/225","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"saying that he was with us in spirit but\nthat he just doesn't use his name in ads, and we understood. A President has to\nkeep a certain distance. But we were really thrilled at all of the connections\nthat we made. The Archbishop of the Catholic Church signed on with us, the new\nArchbishop [John Francis] Donoghue. So we were feeling good that all of our\ncontacts and all of our bridge building really did pay off.\n\nFRANK: So, the black/Jewish relations have been a ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45678/file/118737#t=6720.0,6750.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45678/file/118737/transcript/42096/annotation/226","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"journey of love.\n\nSCHOENBERG: Trouble testing. How do you feel the relationships are right now?\nThere's been a good deal of discussion because of all the [Louis] Farrakhan and\n[Elijah] Muhammad business of late, the speeches that have been well documented.\n\nFRANK: Right.\n\nSCHOENBERG: And the fact that even though Muhammad was invited to ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45678/file/118737#t=6750.0,6780.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45678/file/118737/transcript/42096/annotation/227","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"speak at Emory\nUniversity, [he was] then uninvited to speak, because of problems concerning\nperhaps safety and security issues. But he did speak in Atlanta to a rousing\nround of applause and ballyhoo that evening in a church here locally. How has\nthat whole issue impacted the relationships that you're ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45678/file/118737#t=6780.0,6810.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45678/file/118737/transcript/42096/annotation/228","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"finding in the Coalition today?\n\nFRANK: Well, it's definitely impacting them, and there's definitely anger and\nhostility out there. It's really created a gap between us, being the American\nJewish Committee, and the Black/Jewish Coalition, and Concerned Black Clergy.\nWhen Farrakhan tried to meet with the Jewish community when he was in town two\nyears ago, and the Jews refused to meet with him, it really created a chasm that\nwe haven't been able to bridge with Concerned Black Clergy.\n\nSCHOENBERG: Do you feel that it was right to refuse to meet with him?\n\nFRANK: Yes. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45678/file/118737#t=6810.0,6840.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45678/file/118737/transcript/42096/annotation/229","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Lots of folks say to us, \"Gosh, if Arafat and Rabin can shake hands,\nwhy in the world can't you?\" And my response is always that, \"A lot of\nbehind-the-scenes negotiations took place before that handshake.\" Everything\nthat Israel had demanded for years, Arafat was prepared to say—like he would\nstop terrorism, he would recognize Israel's right to exist. So, our view is,\nFarrakhan is selling books that are antisemitic, that say Jews were responsible\nfor the slave trade. As long as he ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45678/file/118737#t=6840.0,6870.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45678/file/118737/transcript/42096/annotation/230","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"continues to say we're the blood suckers of\nAmerica, there's nothing to negotiate. If tomorrow he denounced antisemitism and\nsaid something about Judaism and pluralism, then maybe we would have the\nbeginnings of the grounds for negotiations. I believe, though, that responsible\nblack leaders feel Jews should meet with Farrakhan and we've made a mistake.\nBut, hey, the plate is just too big with too many critical issues on it. We're\nnot going to stop loving you just because we disagree on this ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45678/file/118737#t=6870.0,6900.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45678/file/118737/transcript/42096/annotation/231","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"issue. That's the\nway I feel with most blacks, particularly blacks in the Civil Rights Movement\nwho still want me to keep marching, want me to fight against the bigoted flag we\nhave flying over the Capitol.\n\nSCHOENBERG: And want your money behind their efforts.\n\nFRANK: Well, some of that, too.\n\nSCHOENBERG: I think so.\n\nFRANK: But then there are others that are in that hard line, grass roots, angry\ncamp that we're not going to win over. It's interesting, because I'm developing\nties with the Muslim community, and there's a ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45678/file/118737#t=6900.0,6930.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45678/file/118737/transcript/42096/annotation/232","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"wonderful Imam—Imam is I-M-A-M.\nAn Imam is like a clergy in the Muslim community, and there's a wonderful Imam\nwho leads a very big mosque. When I said to Plemon, P-L-E-M-O-N E-L A-M-I-N,\nPlemon El-Amin,\"Will you meet with Farrakhan?\" he said, \"Absolutely not. Nation\nof Islam is abhorrent to those of us who follow Islam. It ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45678/file/118737#t=6930.0,6960.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45678/file/118737/transcript/42096/annotation/233","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"doesn't begin to teach\nwhat we believe in the Quran. And if I'm not meeting with him, for goodness\nsakes you have no business meeting with him.\" I'm finding that there are more\nand more Muslims who really do ascribe to that view, and I think we need to give\nthe Farrakhan issue a little less hype. It's hard to do because his folks are\ndisgustingly vitriolic and antisemitic, and they grow crowds.\n\nSCHOENBERG: Well, they make very good ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45678/file/118737#t=6960.0,6990.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45678/file/118737/transcript/42096/annotation/234","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"media events.\n\nFRANK: Black folks say that people go to see that like they go to see Michael\nJackson and other entertainers, and I just can't believe that some folks aren't\nvulnerable and some folks don't take some of that black antisemitism to heart.\nBut my view is that where there's trouble, that's where we ought to be. So if,\nin fact, there's problems in the black community, then I think we need to double\nour efforts. One of my officers, Arnie Rubenstein said to ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45678/file/118737#t=6990.0,7020.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45678/file/118737/transcript/42096/annotation/235","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"me, \"When I hear\nFarrakhan and Elijah Muhammad, I want you to double the time you spend in\nblack/Jewish relations just to say 'In your face! I won't let you tear down what\nI've built.'\" So now, the Black/Jewish Coalition has finished this fall—its\nfifteenth retreat—bringing eleventh grade blacks and Jews together for a\nweekend, trying to overcome stereotypes and empower kids to work together in\ntheir schools to ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45678/file/118737#t=7020.0,7050.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45678/file/118737/transcript/42096/annotation/236","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"break the racism, to stop the antisemitic jokes. This past\nweekend we had, for the second year, a retreat for young leaders where we do a\nlot of serious prejudice reduction work with them. John Lewis, both years we've\ndone it, has come out and talked to the folks. It's my hope that we will get\nemerging leadership to begin to reach out to one another and see each other as\nallies. I said to the group, \"You know, next time you're sitting on a nominating\ncommittee of a board you're on, and they're looking ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45678/file/118737#t=7050.0,7080.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45678/file/118737/transcript/42096/annotation/237","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"for a minority person, think\nof someone you spent this weekend with. Or, the next time you're filling a table\nat an NAACP dinner, think of someone [here]. Because that's how it starts. When\nJohn Lewis kicks off his campaign, think of this list and bring folks together,\nBecause you begin to work together and begin to overcome stereotypes.\" I just\nwrote a proposal—and I'm scared to death I'll get the money, then I'll have to\ndo it—to do a similar kind of thing now with college leadership. That's where\nthe anger ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45678/file/118737#t=7080.0,7110.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45678/file/118737/transcript/42096/annotation/238","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"is. It's black college leadership that's bringing [Elijah] Muhammad\nonto campus.\n\nSCHOENBERG: This is what I was going to say to you because what you have spoken\nabout so far have been the two extremes of the ages.\n\nFRANK: Right.\n\nSCHOENBERG: You talked about those who lived through, and remembered, the help\nof Jewish leadership and laypersons during the time of the Civil Rights Movement\nin the 1960s. And you've talked about these young people who have yet to really\nbe impacted by the Farrakhans and Muhammads of the ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45678/file/118737#t=7110.0,7140.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45678/file/118737/transcript/42096/annotation/239","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"world. But there's that group\nin between, and those college kids are really out there in force with their\nmouths wide open and speaking.\n\nFRANK: The anti-Vietnam protest, and so much of the kind of advocacy movements\nof our last 20 years, have really found a kind of birthing ground on the college\ncampus. It's almost as though that's your most radical period in time. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45678/file/118737#t=7140.0,7170.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45678/file/118737/transcript/42096/annotation/240","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"So I say\nto some folks, even being left alone, these radicals are going to realize they\nhave to be more moderate if they want to succeed in the work place.\n\nSCHOENBERG: I was just going to say, that's the time when you have the least to lose.\n\nFRANK: Right.\n\nSCHOENBERG: You're aware, but you really don't have anything to lose at that\npoint, either.\n\nFRANK: But I still think it's worth trying to bring our young folks together to\nsee if we can't begin to nurture a little community spirit. I've thought of one\nperson. When Atlanta opened up and there was a realization ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45678/file/118737#t=7170.0,7200.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45678/file/118737/transcript/42096/annotation/241","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that we had to\nintegrate, there were two major companies in Atlanta. One was Delta [Air Lines]\nand one was [The] Coca-Cola [Company]. Each of them were probably the first to\ntake a black person and put them in a position of importance in the\ncompany—kind of the black community breaking into the corporate white world.\nAnd [William] Bill Allison was the one who moved into Coca-Cola and John Cox\ninto Delta. They were with us from the beginning of this Black/Jewish Coalition,\nand they had worked in the Urban League, and NAACP, ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45678/file/118737#t=7200.0,7230.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45678/file/118737/transcript/42096/annotation/242","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and Community-Coordinated\nChildcare, and those kinds of movements of the 1960s to the 1980s. And they knew\nthat there were Jews in there, and friends. John Cox said to us about eight\nyears ago, \"If I go to lunch with Elaine Alexander for the rest of my life, I'm\nnot going to love her any more. It's as though we've developed a relationship\nand a trust. We now need to go talk to folks who haven't done what we've done.\"\nThat was really our motivation for reaching out to teenagers and to rising young\nleaders, because we had to ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45678/file/118737#t=7230.0,7260.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45678/file/118737/transcript/42096/annotation/243","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"create opportunities for those relationships to begin.\n\nSCHOENBERG: So what kinds of settings? You said you had a retreat, where do you\ngo? How do you go about identifying with youngsters?\n\nFRANK: Well, there are two situations, and one is very interesting. Sharon\nCampbell, the wife of our new Mayor, works with the Atlanta Public Schools.\nShe's in charge of all the ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45678/file/118737#t=7260.0,7290.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45678/file/118737/transcript/42096/annotation/244","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"international programs in them, so that she selects\nthe students who go abroad to study in various countries, including Israel. She\nalso selects the Atlanta host families for visiting international students. She\nreally knows the creme de la creme of the public school system. She calls the\nkids that do this, \"student ambassadors.\" So when we decided to do the high\nschool program, she co-chaired it with Sherry Labovitz, and it's very\ninteresting because at that time, Sharon Campbell's husband Bill, was a law\npartner with Steve ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45678/file/118737#t=7290.0,7320.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45678/file/118737/transcript/42096/annotation/245","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Labovitz. Now that Bill's the Mayor, Steve's the Chief of\nStaff. But Sherry and Sharon were [like] soul mates, sisters, law partners'\nwives, and they chaired the project. It was very easy to find black eleventh and\ntwelfth graders because Sharon had them in the palm of her hand. She has the\naddresses and parents' names on her desk. What was more difficult was to find\nthe Jewish kids because most kids, by eleventh or twelfth grade, have passed\nconfirmation and passed BBYO and they're harder to reach. But we ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45678/file/118737#t=7320.0,7350.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45678/file/118737/transcript/42096/annotation/246","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"did reach them\nthrough synagogues, through youth groups, through Yeshiva [High School]. Over\nthe five years, we've learned that [having] counselors in all the schools\nlooking for us [is key], because they know it's a really growth experience for\nthe kids. We found [that] if we can go to schools where there are both blacks\nand Jews [it works best]. It doesn't work at Mays [High School]—which is all\nblack—or Yeshiva—which is all Jewish. But if we work at North Springs [High\nSchool], and Riverwood [High School], and [The] Padeaia [School], and Woodward\n[Academy], and a lot of [other] schools—even Grady [High School] that has\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45678/file/118737#t=7350.0,7380.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45678/file/118737/transcript/42096/annotation/247","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"blacks and Jews . . . If we can get two to four kids from a school, when they go\nback into the school, their relationship continues. This is very interesting.\nThe Jewish community is very over-organized in terms of . . . everything. But\nalmost every agency today has a young leadership program. Most are called Young\nProfessionals. We're light years ahead of the black community in reaching out\nand giving opportunities to young people for leadership. But last year, at the\nProject ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45678/file/118737#t=7380.0,7410.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45678/file/118737/transcript/42096/annotation/248","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Understanding Retreat, which is our young leadership retreat, one of the\nblack women—Catrice Lindsey, who works for the Democratic Party—was captivated\nto find so many of the young Jews were involved in ACCESS, which is the American\nJewish Committee's Young Professionals group. It blew her away that there were\njunior groups of organizations. Well, one year later, she has now created a\nblack young leadership group called \"Inner Circle,\" and they have a hundred\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45678/file/118737#t=7410.0,7440.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45678/file/118737/transcript/42096/annotation/249","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"people, in a year. You have to apply to go to all of these things—the Teen\nRetreat or the Project Understanding Retreat—and we screen them. If you're a\nteenager, you have to have a reference, and we sometimes check. We want to make\nsure somebody knows they're not just a bad kid looking to get in trouble,\nbecause we're responsible for them overnight. In the Young Leadership Retreat,\nthe criteria is [that] you have to be working in the community. So we look at\nwhat boards or agencies they've begun to work on, and all these ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45678/file/118737#t=7440.0,7470.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45678/file/118737/transcript/42096/annotation/250","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"black applicants\nput down Inner Circle, and we said, \"What is Inner Circle?\" We realized it was\nCatrice's advocacy group for young leaders. So there was a direct result of our\nwork to begin to introduce developing young leadership groups in the black\ncommunity. So that was very exciting.\n\nSCHOENBERG: And these Young Leadership groups are people in their mid to late\ntwenties and thirties primarily?\n\nFRANK: Yes, and the American Jewish Committee membership is $35 if you're 35 and\nunder, $100 if you're ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45678/file/118737#t=7470.0,7500.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45678/file/118737/transcript/42096/annotation/251","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"over. So that was kind of a natural [age division].\nFederation, and most of the other groups, do 35 and under. I would say my first\nten years on the AJC staff, one of my real hallmarks was our work in the whole\narea of inter-group relations—Christian/Jewish as well as black/Jewish. But I\nthink my hallmark in the last five years is the growth of our young leadership\ngroup called ACCESS, and that's given me a tremendous amount of joy.\n\nSCHOENBERG: Who are some of the young ones whom you feel have ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45678/file/118737#t=7500.0,7530.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45678/file/118737/transcript/42096/annotation/252","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"real potential?\n\nFRANK: Well, I get a thrill out of the fact that I'm seeing everybody's sons and\ndaughters, in the group, who I know. For instance, my early presidents were\npeople like Tom Asher, and his son Hugh is active in the group, Elaine\nAlexander, and her son Kent is in the group, and I've always loved Madelyn and\nLeon Eplan. Elise Eplan was an early chair of the group. Janna ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45678/file/118737#t=7530.0,7560.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45678/file/118737/transcript/42096/annotation/253","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Eplan is now on\nour Board and chaired the Teen Retreat and the Project Understanding Retreat.\nThat's another neat thing. The young leaders that went to the Project\nUnderstanding Retreat last Spring chaired and staffed the Teen Retreat this\nFall. So teenagers could see role models of young people in their twenties and\ntheir thirties working together. They spoke their language. But, you go around\nthe room and there is a \"little\" everybody. Bootsie and Jerry ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45678/file/118737#t=7560.0,7590.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45678/file/118737/transcript/42096/annotation/254","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Siegel's kid was\nat the Black/Jewish Retreat. Marcia and Michael Schwartz's son Herman is on our\nBoard. Jerry and PearlAnn Horowitz's son Scott is on our Board. Jerry and Judy\nDubrof's daughter Cydnee Dubrof is a leader in our group. It is so much fun to\nsee these dynamite kids, whose parents were involved—and even kids whose\nparents aren't involved—who are so thrilled. The kids are connecting Jewishly\n[and] they're feeling closer to ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45678/file/118737#t=7590.0,7620.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45678/file/118737/transcript/42096/annotation/255","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"us.\n\nSCHOENBERG: It's sort of natural for a child who has seen his or her own parents\ndoing things within the community to themselves do something when their time\ncomes. But I wondered if there weren't young people whose parents really weren't\nthat active. And if maybe it's going the other direction—the parents are\nbecoming activated in later years because they see their own children . . .\n\nFRANK: Definitely.\n\nSCHOENBERG: . . . showing an interest.\n\nFRANK: There's some of that.\n\nSCHOENBERG: That's great.\n\nFRANK: ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45678/file/118737#t=7620.0,7650.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45678/file/118737/transcript/42096/annotation/256","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Parents are very excited about it. Also, kids are expanding parents'\nvistas. Bootsie and Jerry Siegel were involved in the Jewish community, [and]\nwere in a traditional kind of background. Their daughter Adele spent the weekend\nat the Black/Jewish Retreat. They probably never spent ten minutes thinking\nabout black/Jewish relations. So, there's some folks expanding through their\nchildren. The other thing [that] is in my heart of hearts . . . I always say\nthat in a different time I would have been a rabbi, that I've always been drawn\nto Jewish things. ACCESS is taking me ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45678/file/118737#t=7650.0,7680.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45678/file/118737/transcript/42096/annotation/257","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"back to that as well, because I'm finding\nin the young kids that I work with—I call them kids, but they're really in\ntheir twenties and thirties—they grew up with a lousy Jewish education, a\nwoefully inadequate education in their religious schools, and in their\ncongregations, and sometimes even in their family life. They are hungry for\nJewish study. I find that we are doing so many programs, everything from \"Israel\nand World Jewry\" and \"Antisemitism\" and \"Traditional Jewish ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45678/file/118737#t=7680.0,7710.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45678/file/118737/transcript/42096/annotation/258","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Things,\" to a series\non \"How to bring the Jewish Holidays Home\" where we've cooked latkes. We've had\na Sabbath cooking class, and a Passover cooking class. We've met with almost\nevery rabbi in town. We've done sessions on \"Jewish History,\" and \"Can You be\nJewish and Not Believe in God?\" [We're discussing] will we have an organization\nif we don't have ritual? Will we have a community? It's so nurturing for Jewish\nidentity and Jewish education ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45678/file/118737#t=7710.0,7740.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45678/file/118737/transcript/42096/annotation/259","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"issues. On one hand, they want to be part of the\nworld around them and they want to deal in black/Jewish relations and\nChristian/Jewish relations, and respond to domestic issues. On the other hand,\nthey really want a lot of Jewish programming. Sometimes I feel like I'm running\na synagogue adult education program. The programs are so tremendously\nreligious-based rather than social justice-based. It's very interesting.\n\nSCHOENBERG: It sounds as if those who ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45678/file/118737#t=7740.0,7770.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45678/file/118737/transcript/42096/annotation/260","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"have become active are also those who are\nacross the board. They're not all children who grew up at The Temple or at the\nmore liberal religious institutions.\n\nFRANK: That's true.\n\nSCHOENBERG: They're children coming out of much more of the traditional, not\nhard line really, but more traditional backgrounds.\n\nFRANK: You have some of everything. You have kids that are very assimilated and\nvery Reform. You have kids that grew up in Hebrew ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45678/file/118737#t=7770.0,7800.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45678/file/118737/transcript/42096/annotation/261","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Academy. We have a host of\nHebrew Academy graduates. Children of Federation leadership like David\nRubinstein—his father, Arnie, chaired the Federation campaign the last two\nyears. Mindy Selig, Steve Selig's daughter . . . A lot of leadership potential\nfor the community. I think we're really building folks who will stay with the\nJewish community and all of our agencies. We try to ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45678/file/118737#t=7800.0,7830.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45678/file/118737/transcript/42096/annotation/262","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"not to be a turf-oriented\nagency and encourage the fact that you can be involved with Federation, and ADL,\nand your synagogue, and AJC, and JNF. It's inclusive. We have leaders like Jay\nTenenbaum, and Terry Erinof, and Joel Arogeti, who have been presidents of Or\nVeShalom and Shearith Israel's Young Men. We have folks like Ron Slotin and Doug\nTebor who are Jewish members of the Georgia State Legislature, folks with\naffluence and folks without.\n\nSCHOENBERG: People ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45678/file/118737#t=7830.0,7860.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45678/file/118737/transcript/42096/annotation/263","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"[from] two extremes of the State Legislature, actually.\n\nFRANK: Right. So, we really have quite a diverse group at ACCESS.\n\nSCHOENBERG: And you have a diverse group at AJC now?\n\nFRANK: We have. I remember when Eliot Arnovitz used to pride himself on being\nthe only European Jew in this crowd of German Jews. And I remember the first\nyear or two when Sylvan Makover, or Gerald Cohen, ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45678/file/118737#t=7860.0,7890.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45678/file/118737/transcript/42096/annotation/264","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"or [William] Billy Schatten,\nor maybe even Sidney Feldman, would come to a fundraiser for the American Jewish\nCommittee and come to our dinner. It was easy to do the tables because everybody\nwho went to The Temple fit at one table of ten. That was them, they were\ncomplete. Now, when Eliot Arnovitz walks into a fundraiser, I say, \"Look around\nyou, smarty. You're not even unusual anymore.\" Now we've got dozens of ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45678/file/118737#t=7890.0,7920.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45678/file/118737/transcript/42096/annotation/265","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Ahavath\nAchim (AA) folks, and dozens of Temple Sinai folks, and activists from Or\nVeShalom and some of the new synagogues.\n\nSCHOENBERG: How about . . .\n\nFRANK: The Orthodox still . . .\n\nSCHOENBERG: Beth Jacob, I was going to ask.\n\nFRANK: They are still far from us. They won't give us a fair chance. They don't\nleave their community enough. But Rabbi [Ilan] Feldman, I think, has fallen in\nlove with us. He can feel how he's appreciated in the ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45678/file/118737#t=7920.0,7950.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45678/file/118737/transcript/42096/annotation/266","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"group. We have folks\nclamoring to study with him, and we used him in our \"Why Be Jewish\" series. Our\nyoung professionals, a hundred of them, went to hear him at his synagogue last\nsummer in their summer series on \"Jewish View of God.\" As they've begun to plan\ntheir summer series again, they want to go back to Beth Jacob. So, I think that\nwe're doing a lot to open people's views of different segments of the Jewish community.\n\nSCHOENBERG: Does the Orthodox portion of the ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45678/file/118737#t=7950.0,7980.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45678/file/118737/transcript/42096/annotation/267","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"community . . . I gather they still\nare not very receptive to black relations.\n\nFRANK: I would say our agenda is not one that they are interested in. Their\nprimary agenda issue is continuity and ours is much broader.\n\nSCHOENBERG: And Israel.\n\nFRANK: We do great things in Jewish identity, we do great things in black/Jewish\nrelations, but we [also] do fabulous things in meeting with Council. In Atlanta\ntoday, there are fourteen Council General offices. We meet with the ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45678/file/118737#t=7980.0,8010.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45678/file/118737/transcript/42096/annotation/268","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Japanese\nCouncil, the German Council, the French Council. We deal with them about arms\nsales to the Middle East, about Holocaust revisionism, about voting patterns at\nthe U.N. We deal with Congress members on all kinds of social justice issues,\neverything from family and medical leave, to foreign aid to Israel for a woman's\nright to abortion. Our agenda is multi-faceted, and for most of the traditional\nand religious community, theirs is rather narrowly ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45678/file/118737#t=8010.0,8040.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45678/file/118737/transcript/42096/annotation/269","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"focused. We would love to\nhave more Jews from traditional [organizations]. In some communities, as well as\nour interfaith activities, AJC did Intra-Jewish Dialogues. We found Conservative\nand Reform Jews willing to do it, but we couldn't get Orthodox to the table. It\nwas a shame, because Sunny Stern—my partner—tried, and she has roots in the\nHebrew Academy and lots of friends in the Beth Jacob community. She couldn't\neven get them to come, ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45678/file/118737#t=8040.0,8070.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45678/file/118737/transcript/42096/annotation/270","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"so we can't break that area.\n\nSCHOENBERG: Tell me about the Jewish/Christian relations. There is a very strong\nNational Council of Christians and Jews here. Do you interface at all with them?\n\nFRANK: Not much. I want to be generous and just say no. I don't know what they\ndo here, and I haven't seen any impact that they make here. I'm sorry about\nthat, because in my first few years, the ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45678/file/118737#t=8070.0,8100.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45678/file/118737/transcript/42096/annotation/271","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Director of the National Council of\nChristians and Jews—from about 1980 to 1985—did some significant work in\ntrying to get us to bridge across Christian/Jewish lines. Atlanta is interesting\nbecause it's got pockets. There's the Concerned Black Clergy for black clergy,\nthere's the Atlanta Rabbinic Association for Jews for Rabbis, and there's the\nChristian Council. I think all of these are necessary. I wouldn't want each\ndenomination not to have its umbrella working together, cooperating. But we're\none of the few ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45678/file/118737#t=8100.0,8130.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45678/file/118737/transcript/42096/annotation/272","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"cities that doesn't have an interfaith body. The earlier\ndirector, in the 1980s, of the National Council of Christians and Jews really\ntried with our help, ADL's help, and the Federation CRC's [Community Relations\nCommittee] help, to bring clergy together across religious lines. But, when he\nleft, that effort kind of died out. So I don't know what Jimmy . . .\n\nSCHOENBERG: This is Ann Hoffman Schoenberg interviewing Sherry Zimmerman Frank\non the 27th of April, 1994, in her home in Atlanta, ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45678/file/118737#t=8130.0,8160.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45678/file/118737/transcript/42096/annotation/273","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Georgia, for the Jewish Oral\nHistory Project of Atlanta, co-sponsored by the American Jewish Committee,\nAtlanta Jewish Federation, and National Council of Jewish Women. This is the\nthird tape, the first side.\n\nFRANK: It's interesting to think about interfaith relationships in Atlanta,\nacross race lines. And then I want to say something about interethnic, don't let\nme forget. Because Atlanta is really growing in a diverse ethnic community now.\nBut Atlanta did not have an umbrella that brought folks ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45678/file/118737#t=8160.0,8190.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45678/file/118737/transcript/42096/annotation/274","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"together along religious\nlines. The State Legislature created something called the Georgia Human\nRelations Commission about five or six years ago. Rabbi [Alvin] Sugarman was on\nit at one time, now Rabbi [Arnold] Goodman is, so there is Jewish presence\nthere. Gayle Cohn Gross is on it as well. One of the things that grew out of the\nGeorgia Human Relations Commission was a recognition that we didn't have a body\nin Atlanta that brought folks together. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45678/file/118737#t=8190.0,8220.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45678/file/118737/transcript/42096/annotation/275","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I played a role in helping to create the\nAtlanta Interfaith Coalition. Elaine Alexander and I helped to create the\nAtlanta Interfaith Coalition which now is so wonderful. It's about two or three\nyears old. The two co-chairs are Reverend Perky Daniel who is a Presbyterian\nwoman and Imam Plemon El-Amin—who I mentioned earlier—who is the Muslim Imam.\nSo even just the diversity of a black ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45678/file/118737#t=8220.0,8250.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45678/file/118737/transcript/42096/annotation/276","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Muslim and a Presbyterian woman says\nsomething. Around the table today are Buddhists, and Hindus, and Sikhs, and\nCatholics, and Christians. The Catholics are Hispanic, as well as\nEnglish-speaking. There are Christians of all denominations, and seminary folks,\nand Jewish folks. Rabbi Stanley Davis is on it, [Rabbi] Shalom Lewis was, and\nRabbi Goodman got off. Rabbi Harvey ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45678/file/118737#t=8250.0,8280.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45678/file/118737/transcript/42096/annotation/277","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Winokur is the leader in the group. It\nreally is a coming together across a tremendous diversity, and we've done so\nmany things together. We had a \"Shake Hands Atlanta Day\" last year at Grady High\nSchool, a coming together across all cultures and races and religions. The group\nis working on a wonderful document called \"Common Threads,\" and it's looking at\nwhat each of our traditions—the Quran, the Old Testament, the New Testament,\nother books which I don't know the name of from Sikhs, and the Buddhists, and\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45678/file/118737#t=8280.0,8310.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45678/file/118737/transcript/42096/annotation/278","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Baha'i—what they say about social justice, belief in God, community\nresponsibility, mercy . . . It's very interesting that even though we say it in\ndifferent ways, we have a message that's kind of . . .\n\nSCHOENBERG: A universal message?\n\nFRANK: Yes. It's very neat. It's very inspiring to work with these folks. It's\ninteresting, because I always go to the King service that marks the beginning of\nKing Week, and it's always interfaith. For the last eight or ten years, ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45678/file/118737#t=8310.0,8340.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45678/file/118737/transcript/42096/annotation/279","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Mrs.\nKing has always presented the Dr. Martin Luther King, Sr., Daddy King's\nCommunity Service Award to a minister. This year, they asked me to present the\nHonoree to Mrs. King. I began by saying, \"Here I am, a Jewish advocate in a\nChristian Presbyterian Church giving a Southern Baptist award in memory of a\nSouthern Baptist minister to a Muslim Imam, and if that's not ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45678/file/118737#t=8340.0,8370.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45678/file/118737/transcript/42096/annotation/280","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"ecumenical, I\ndon't know what is.\" It really brought down the house. Through networks—that's\nbeen really exciting to work with, and these folks are really good people and\ngood friends. Over the years, we've had real struggles. The Presbyterian\ncommunity nationally has been the most anti-Israel community of the Protestant\ndenominations throughout the 1980s. As I learned more ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45678/file/118737#t=8370.0,8400.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45678/file/118737/transcript/42096/annotation/281","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"about it, I understood it\nwas with good reason. It wasn't reason that I was happy about, but most of the\nPresbyterian operations overseas were in Beirut. So as soon as Israel began\nhaving trouble with Lebanon, and the massacres, and the sovereign chalutzim. . .\nBeirut University [American University at Beirut] was a Presbyterian-run\nuniversity, so as Lebanon became almost demolished . . . Lebanon is not what it\nused to be, as a real flourishing . . .\n\nSCHOENBERG: And never will be.\n\nFRANK: . . . island, kind of the ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45678/file/118737#t=8400.0,8430.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45678/file/118737/transcript/42096/annotation/282","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\"France of the Middle East.\" As Lebanon really\ntook its beating, the Presbyterians nationally became harder and harder lined\nagainst Israel. So we would find the most vitriolic statements in the World\nCouncil of Churches in whatever came from the Presbyterians. At one point here,\na number of years ago, the Atlanta Presbyteries were going to have a dialogue\nhere with a Jew and an Israeli Presbytery. They asked if I would co-sponsor it,\nand I said ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45678/file/118737#t=8430.0,8460.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45678/file/118737/transcript/42096/annotation/283","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"no. I actually didn't say no up front. I said, \"I will if I check it\nout and it's going to be good.\" But it's my experience [that] when another group\npicks the Jew . . . I don't care who you pick from the Christian [side], they\ncan be as hard line as they want, but don't pick my representative. Let me pick\nhim. When I checked it out and found out who it was, it was a disgusting\nself-hating Jew who gets up and bashes Israel. The Presbyteries were sending him\naround the world with this Israeli friend. I said to the Presbyteries, \"What\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45678/file/118737#t=8460.0,8490.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45678/file/118737/transcript/42096/annotation/284","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"you're going to have is a program that's on extremism. You've got a Neo-Nazi and\na Skinhead and you think you're going to get two points of view. You're not.\"\nThey looked at me like I was crazy, and when the two folks came to town and did\ntheir damage—and we monitored their programs—the Presbytery leaders who put it\ntogether came to my office and said, \"You were right, and we're sorry, and we've\ndone terrible damage. What can we do to change it?\" We began a four-year journey\nof Presbytery/Jewish dialogue. It was such a test of how ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45678/file/118737#t=8490.0,8520.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45678/file/118737/transcript/42096/annotation/285","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"far relations can go,\nbecause through the discussions, two of the Presbytery leaders went to the\nMiddle East. While they visited with the PLO and lived among the West Bank, they\nalso heard the Israeli point of view through our staff and our contacts and\nmeetings we set up. They were quite taken by the folks from Oz Ve Shalom which\nis the religious movement for peace. One of the people that they heard in Israel\ncame to the United States, and at the very ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45678/file/118737#t=8520.0,8550.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45678/file/118737/transcript/42096/annotation/286","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"same church, at Trinity Presbyterian\nChurch in Northside Atlanta, we co-hosted—the Presbyterians and AJC—a forum\nwith the Oz Ve Shalom spokesman in the very place that this vitriolic horrible\nthing had happened before. So we really knew that we had come a far way. There\nwere many other instances of Israelis that came, or Palestinians who came, and\nthey would have me sit in on dialogues. All of a sudden, the Presbyterians were\nfeeling uncomfortable if Israel ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45678/file/118737#t=8550.0,8580.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45678/file/118737/transcript/42096/annotation/287","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"was bashed. They were seeing the propaganda in a\ndifferent light. So that was very exciting. With the Catholic Church in\nAtlanta—the Catholic Church was active in the Civil Rights Movement and\ncontinued to have very good relations with AJC. AJC was the only Jewish\norganization that ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45678/file/118737#t=8580.0,8610.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45678/file/118737/transcript/42096/annotation/288","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"had representation at the Vatican during the Declarations of\nNostra Atatae, N-O-S-T-R-A, and then Atatae, A-T-A-T-A-E. Nostra Atatae was the\ndocument that came out of Vatican Council II, when Catholic teachings were\npurged of the deicide charge that . . .\n\nSCHOENBERG: That was under John the whatever.\n\nFRANK: It was a time when Catholics removed the death of Christ as being on the\nhands of Jews and when they ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45678/file/118737#t=8610.0,8640.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45678/file/118737/transcript/42096/annotation/289","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"committed to change their liturgy and their\nteachings to remove their own liturgy of antisemitism. Rabbi Mark Tenenbaum, a\nleader of the American Jewish Committee and our Religious Affairs Director, was\nat the Vatican and participated. So, through the years, we've celebrated the\nanniversaries of Vatican Council II, and we did that here with the Catholic\nChurch. We actually had a kosher dinner at Christ the King [Catholic] Church,\nwhich I think they cooked at the AA, and brought over to West ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45678/file/118737#t=8640.0,8670.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45678/file/118737/transcript/42096/annotation/290","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Wesley [Street]\nand Peachtree Street to Christ the King. I thought that was kind of funny. For a\ndecade, we had a Catholic/Jewish dialogue. Then, in the last ten years, the\nCatholic Church has [taken] a beating here. Two black Archbishops have come. One\ndied. One got involved in a scandal where [it] was said he fathered a child. But\nwhen the last archbishop was here, Archbishop Marino, I think that was the one\nin the scandal . . .\n\nSCHOENBERG: That was the one that got in the ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45678/file/118737#t=8670.0,8700.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45678/file/118737/transcript/42096/annotation/291","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"trouble. Lyke was the one . . .\n\nFRANK: Archbishop [James Patterson] Lyke was the last one. He died a terrible\ndeath of cancer. Each time [an archbishop] comes, we do our official meeting,\nand one of the things I said was, \"I have this dream of going to the Vatican and\nIsrael with Catholics and Jews from Atlanta.\" Archbishop Lyke said, \"I've got a\ntrip overseas this summer, but next summer I'll promise to co-lead it with you.\"\n\nSCHOENBERG: He died.\n\nFRANK: He died and didn't [go]. So now we have [Archbishop] John Francis\nDonoghue who came here from ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45678/file/118737#t=8700.0,8730.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45678/file/118737/transcript/42096/annotation/292","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Charlotte [North Carolina], a White Archbishop, not\na black one. We've met with him again and raised the issue of the Vatican and\nIsrael trip. If we can do it in 1995, we'll have the opportunity to celebrate\nthe 30th anniversary of Nostra Atatae and we'll also be able to go to the\ndiplomatic offices—in the Vatican and Israel—of each other's, since there is\nnow recognition. So we have very warm and good ties with the Catholic church.\nThe Baptist ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45678/file/118737#t=8730.0,8760.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45678/file/118737/transcript/42096/annotation/293","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"denominations—our national office has closer ties with them than we\ndo. They're pretty evangelical, and beyond Holy Land tours, there's not a great\ndeal that has brought us together with the Baptists. But we have close ties with\nthe rest of the Protestant denominations. What's interesting and emerging now is\nAtlanta's ethnic community. While we've reached out in a small way, I see all of\nthat accelerating. When the Rodney King verdict came out in Los Angeles\n[California] and there were ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45678/file/118737#t=8760.0,8790.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45678/file/118737/transcript/42096/annotation/294","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"riots in Los Angeles, there were riots in Atlanta.\nIf you remember, one of the places that got really trampled was a Korean grocery\nstore right on the Atlanta University campus. When we were concerned about\nAtlanta exploding, we quickly called Maynard Jackson—who was Mayor—and said,\n\"What can we do through the Black/Jewish Coalition and the American Jewish\nCommittee? We're here to help you.\" Maynard said to us—within twelve hours of\nthe little bit of a riot we had in downtown Atlanta—\"Help us ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45678/file/118737#t=8790.0,8820.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45678/file/118737/transcript/42096/annotation/295","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"bring this city\ntogether, and let's get a religious voice, kind of a chorus of 'there's much\nmore that unites us than divides us.'\" So we got on the phone. I remember\nRichard Cohen and I were at a luncheon that the Mayor was hosting for a German\nambassador visiting the city. [When] the Mayor told us that, Richard Cohen did\nnot even go back to his medical office, he came straight to my office like he\nwas on my staff, got on the phone, and between us—in four hours—we had\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45678/file/118737#t=8820.0,8850.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45678/file/118737/transcript/42096/annotation/296","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"orchestrated Concerned Black Clergy, the Christian Council, the Catholic\nArchdiocese, the Hundred Black Men—which is an emerging black power group—all\nof the Jewish agencies, the State Human Relations Commission, and the Atlanta\nInterfaith Coalition. The next day we convened a press conference at [Atlanta]\nCity Hall, and Eldrin Bell spoke and the Mayor spoke. As we were reaching out,\nwe opened a book of all the various ethnic leaders in town, and we called them.\nWhen we got down ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45678/file/118737#t=8850.0,8880.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45678/file/118737/transcript/42096/annotation/297","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"there, three Korean leaders were there and said to us, \"Will\nyou meet with us afterwards and help us learn how to work with the black\ncommunity?\" Jews were in those same positions. So we have had now, three or\nfour, fabulous dinners with Korean leaders. In fact, the first time we did it\nthey asked us to \"come to their house\" and we went to a Chinese restaurant in a\nlittle area called Korean Town, which most people don't even realize [is there].\nIt's great. It's on Buford Highway. We wanted to tell The Jewish Times, but we\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45678/file/118737#t=8880.0,8910.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45678/file/118737/transcript/42096/annotation/298","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"didn't want to come in with cameras, taking pictures, \"look at these people who\nlook different than we do.\" So we held back, and when we got there, they had\nthree newspapers from the Korean community covering us, and they were taking\npictures all night long.\n\nSCHOENBERG: And did you get copies for The Southern Israelite?\n\nFRANK: We were told by the Koreans that it was the talk of the town in the\nKorean community for weeks. We met with the ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45678/file/118737#t=8910.0,8940.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45678/file/118737/transcript/42096/annotation/299","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Jews, and that was interesting\nbecause . . .\n\nSCHOENBERG: Well, obviously the parallels were definitely there because who had\noccupied those positions in the black communities prior . . .\n\nFRANK: Right.\n\nSCHOENBERG: . . . and met 50, 60, 80 years [ago]? The Jews were the ones who had\nthe little stores.\n\nFRANK: Right. It was very interesting because it was typical of an AJC way of\ndoing things. We invited about eight Jews. We invited Candy Berman who had just\ngot into Leadership Atlanta, and was working outside the Jewish community, and\nbeginning to really make ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45678/file/118737#t=8940.0,8970.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45678/file/118737/transcript/42096/annotation/300","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"contacts and care. We invited the traditional bridge\nbuilders—Lois Frank, Elaine Alexander. And Elaine's son Kent wanted to work\nwith us. But we also invited folks who weren't part of the normal dialogue like\nGerald Cohen, who had a business in the inner city, who hired black folks, who\ncared about the community around him. We brought to the table some Jews who had\na history, and they were transformed by the older folks. The Koreans have high\nregard for older folks and their wisdom, but ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45678/file/118737#t=8970.0,9000.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45678/file/118737/transcript/42096/annotation/301","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"also their hands-on experiences of\nworking in the neighborhood, and caring about the neighborhood, and still coming\nhome to your kosher home, and your own kind of cultural life. So we've stayed\nclose to the Koreans. In subsequent dinners, we realized that the Koreans really\ndid not know how to use political advocacy like we do. We take for granted how\nsavvy we are as Jews. So the next time we met, we invited all the Jewish\npoliticians that we're close to. We invited ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45678/file/118737#t=9000.0,9030.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45678/file/118737/transcript/42096/annotation/302","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Liane Levitan who now is the Chief\nof DeKalb County, CEO. We invited Ron Slotin and Doug Tebor, who are in the\nState Legislature. What happened for that [was] we invited Elliott Levitas\nbecause we wanted to give them a contact with how Congress runs and [how] you\nuse your Congressman—even though Elliott had been out of Congress for several\nyears. He was unable to attend, but wants to continue with us. Since then, Liane\nLevitan is the darling of that community. They call on Doug ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45678/file/118737#t=9030.0,9060.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45678/file/118737/transcript/42096/annotation/303","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Tebor. He has some\nsupporters there. We really opened some neat doors for them, so that's one close\ntie. In the last number of years, we have [also] been asked during the\nLegislature, a number of times—by the Latin American Association, which is the\numbrella agency for 22 Spanish-speaking citizens who are in Atlanta—to work on\nevery kind of issue from English only, to immigration issues, to a number of\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45678/file/118737#t=9060.0,9090.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45678/file/118737/transcript/42096/annotation/304","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"nuanced issues that deal with various things that are important to the Latin\nAmerican community. We found lawyers like Larry Appel, who are young leaders in\nAJC who work and advocate for them. We just had a fabulous dinner about two\nmonths ago that Lois Frank hosted. We had the Board of the Latin American\nAssociation and the Board of the American Jewish Committee have dinner together,\nand it was just great. There were 15 or 18 people from each side, and besides\ntalking and eating and enjoying, our ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45678/file/118737#t=9090.0,9120.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45678/file/118737/transcript/42096/annotation/305","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"program was that each community was\nsupposed to present their three top priority issues for their community. Three\ndifferent people had to present it, so six people spoke. We talked about Israel,\nantisemitism, and Jewish continuity as our issues. They talked about jobs, and\nlegal barriers, and poverty or discrimination, still as bridge issues for them.\nSo, we are clearly moving ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45678/file/118737#t=9120.0,9150.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45678/file/118737/transcript/42096/annotation/306","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"into more ethnic relations. The final thing is that\nthe American Jewish Committee does trips to Israel for non-Jewish leaders\nregularly, through an institute called Project Interchange. When we were asked\nto suggest people to go when they were doing an African-American trip, we sent\nVeronica Biggins who, at the time, was a Vice-President of NationsBank and is\nnow President Clinton's Personnel Director. We sent Earl Shinhoster who was the\nRegional Director of the NAACP who, for years, had worked with ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45678/file/118737#t=9150.0,9180.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45678/file/118737/transcript/42096/annotation/307","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"us in the\nBlack/Jewish Coalition. I forgot him [earlier]. Now he's the number three man at\nthe National NAACP headquarters in Baltimore. But, for the first time this\nSpring, they did an Asian leaders trip to Israel. We invited a woman whose name\nis Pinpin, P-I-N-P-I-N, Chau, C-H-A-U. She is President of Summit Bank, and we\nasked her to go to Israel. Jack Halpern, who is an officer of AJC, invited her\nto go. He is on the Board of her ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45678/file/118737#t=9180.0,9210.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45678/file/118737/transcript/42096/annotation/308","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"bank. It's an interesting bank because the\nChinese and Japanese are the ones who are investors in the bank, and the Koreans\nare the borrowers in the bank. She is able to balance those Asian differences.\nShe just came back and spoke at our Board and she had [them] captivated. She\ntalked about how you could love your country and work for your country as\nAmericans, because you were born here, but you could still understand [that]\nyour roots and your heritage was somewhere else—for her, China and for us,\nIsrael. It ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45678/file/118737#t=9210.0,9240.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45678/file/118737/transcript/42096/annotation/309","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"was captivating to hear her. So we will be moving much more, in the\nyears ahead, into Asian and Hispanic interaction because that's a tremendously\ngrowing part of our city.\n\nSCHOENBERG: Yes. The Hispanic portion in particular, is going to be more and\nmore significant, even here in the South. Because, generally speaking, that\nparticular part of our population is projected to ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45678/file/118737#t=9240.0,9270.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45678/file/118737/transcript/42096/annotation/310","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"be much more significant than\nthe black population, as far as numbers are concerned . . .\n\nFRANK: Yes.\n\nSCHOENBERG: . . . in the next 50 years or 25 years or so.\n\nFRANK: Yes. I love it when people reach out to me. The Indian community—not\nNative American, but India—very much wants to have a street near the King\nCenter named for [Mahatma] Gandhi.\n\nSCHOENBERG: Really?\n\nFRANK: Yes, because Gandhi was Martin Luther King's inspiration. India now has\ndeveloped ties with Israel. There's a troubled past there between India and\nIsrael, Gandhi and Israel. But the ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45678/file/118737#t=9270.0,9300.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45678/file/118737/transcript/42096/annotation/311","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Indian community has reached out to me to\nhelp them get the street changed, and I've been down at City Hall lobbying with\nthem. They just called and asked me to come to a banquet this Saturday for the\nAsian Pacific community, which is Philippine and Malaysian and Korean, and all\nthe ones that we think of, but not India. India is part of that Asian Rim of\ncountries. So that's neat. The black community has asked me already to help in\nthe battle next year to change the flag in ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45678/file/118737#t=9300.0,9330.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45678/file/118737/transcript/42096/annotation/312","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Georgia. A neat thing that has grown\nout of our black/Jewish dialogue is a Women's Dialogue Group. We meet quarterly\nand the women are so high profile it's just unreal. We made a commitment to go\nto Israel and Africa together this summer. The black women just were too busy to\ntake off the time to do both, and they've all been to Africa, and they really\nwanted to go to Israel. The Jewish women wanted to go to Africa. So, we've\ncommitted that we'll go to Africa next year with Johnnetta Cole—the President\nof ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45678/file/118737#t=9330.0,9360.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45678/file/118737/transcript/42096/annotation/313","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Spelman [College]—when she speaks in Ghana. So this summer we're going to\nIsrael. As a prelude to the Israel trip, we went on a private Coca-Cola\nplane—because one of the participants is a vice-president of Coke—last month\nto see the Holocaust Museum together. Veronica Biggins, who is now in Washington\n[DC], is still part of this group of sisters and she is going to Israel with us.\nSo she met us in Washington for the tour. But, the black women [in the group]\nare Johnnetta Cole, President of Spelman [College], Ingrid Saunders ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45678/file/118737#t=9360.0,9390.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45678/file/118737/transcript/42096/annotation/314","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Jones,\nVice-President of Coke [The Coca-Cola Company], Veronica Biggins, Myrtle Davis,\nwho ran for Mayor, Shirley Franklin, who is one of the top leaders of the\nOlympic effort—she was the Chief of Staff under Andy Young and Maynard\nJackson's mayor's office—and Nancy Boxill, who is a County Commissioner. The\nJews are Barbara Asher, who is the City Council woman, Elaine Alexander, Judith\nTaylor, Diane Cohen, myself, and Lois Frank. So it's a hell of a good group.\nThere are ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45678/file/118737#t=9390.0,9420.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45678/file/118737/transcript/42096/annotation/315","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"lots of folks that want to go with us as a fly on the wall. My dream\nis—I've written a proposal for it—to take a trip of non-Jewish leaders every\nyear to Israel—one year of black women, and another year of Catholics, and\nanother year Asians, another year Hispanics, another year maybe high school\nteachers or university leadership. I just would love to be able to have the\nfunding every ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45678/file/118737#t=9420.0,9450.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45678/file/118737/transcript/42096/annotation/316","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"year to bring a different targeted group to Israel.\n\nSCHOENBERG: I hope that there will always be an Israel to bring your people to.\nThe way things are going over there right now, it's not too promising, either.\nI've been very quiet. I really haven't had much that I needed to ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45678/file/118737#t=9450.0,9480.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45678/file/118737/transcript/42096/annotation/317","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"ask because\nyou've been so forthcoming. Is there something else, some other programming . . .\n\nFRANK: I would just say that AJC has really allowed me the opportunity to follow\nall of my fantasies. I would say two others are that I've always loved the issue\nof Soviet Jewry. I chaired a Soviet Jewry Women's Plea when I was President of\nCouncil in 1973. I participated in marches in the 1980s. I adopted a Soviet\nfamily in the late 1970s, when they started coming to the United ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45678/file/118737#t=9480.0,9510.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45678/file/118737/transcript/42096/annotation/318","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"States. I've\nadopted a family in Atlanta—that is now part of my permanent family—about\neight years ago. My daughter in San Francisco is 30, and she's on her second\nadopted Russian family—two young couples—that she's brought into her social\nnetwork. One of my greatest thrills was in 1987 [when] I went with a group of\nmembers of the Atlanta chapter, five of us, Larry Thorpe, Rabbi [Robert] Ichay\nfrom Or VeShalom, Beatrice Grusk, Cookie Shapiro, and ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45678/file/118737#t=9510.0,9540.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45678/file/118737/transcript/42096/annotation/319","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"myself. We went to the\nSoviet Union, to Moscow, Leningrad, and Rega at Pesach. We went there when the\nHebrew teachers were imprisoned, and Rabbi Ichay left tapes all over Russia. We\nbrought Pesach food into places where there were people who wouldn't eat other\nfood during Pesach. We went in front of the great synagogue in Moscow and handed\nout Passover candies and Haggadah. It was just unbelievable, and I remember,\nbefore I left there ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45678/file/118737#t=9540.0,9570.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45678/file/118737/transcript/42096/annotation/320","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"was a meeting of cantors in the United States. Jews did\nwonderful things during the Soviet Jewry movement. One of our crazy ideas was\nthat we would flood the mail system between the United States and Russia with\nboxes of matzo. And every single cantor who came—and there were several\nhundred—to a program at Ebenezer Baptist Church when Coretta Scott King spoke,\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45678/file/118737#t=9570.0,9600.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45678/file/118737/transcript/42096/annotation/321","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"symbolically brought a box of matzo that we were then going to send to the\nSoviet Union. Well, when the program was over, Lois Frank and I were looking at\n400 boxes of matzo that had to get to the post office to clog the mail to the\nSoviet Union. Coretta [Scott King] was so taken with that, she said to me, \"What\ncan I give you to take? I want you to take something to the Soviet Union.\" I\nsaid to Coretta that we'd been told that at that time, news was really censored.\nAmong the many things we were ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45678/file/118737#t=9600.0,9630.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45678/file/118737/transcript/42096/annotation/322","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"taking—medicine and Judaica—we were told to\nbring information, such as dozens of [issues of] Newsweek and Time, and the\nWeekend Review from the last six weeks in the New York Times, magazines to give\npeople the news, and books. The next day I got a call from Coretta, and she sent\nme three books that were titled Mv Life With Martin. It's her biography of how\nshe continued his work after he died, and she wrote messages in them. We saved\nthem for three ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45678/file/118737#t=9630.0,9660.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45678/file/118737/transcript/42096/annotation/323","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"refusnik women, who we were to see, whose husbands were in prison\nbut who—like her—were carrying on [their] message. We gave one in Moscow and\nwe gave two in Leningrad, and in each place they knew of [Dr.] Martin Luther\nKing [Jr.].\n\nSCHOENBERG: Yes.\n\nFRANK: They had heard of him, and the most exciting thing was when we got to the\nthird visit in Leningrad, [one of the] husbands had just been released a day or\ntwo before. So we brought pictures for Mrs. King of each person we gave the\nbooks to, and of course, one [person had been set] free, so that ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45678/file/118737#t=9660.0,9690.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45678/file/118737/transcript/42096/annotation/324","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"was very\ngratifying. The other thing is from my early NCJW days. I've been a feminist and\nworked on the Equal Rights Amendment—which never passed—the ERA, and worked on\na woman's free right to choose, which we're still doing in our agency. But I\nhave started a Rosh Hodesh group. Rosh is R-O-S-H, Hodesh, H-O-D-E-S-H. It's the\nHebrew word for the first day of the new month. Women ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45678/file/118737#t=9690.0,9720.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45678/file/118737/transcript/42096/annotation/325","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"around the country are\nstarting women's study groups, and they are doing it on Rosh Hodesh. I started\none three years ago at the Ahavath Achim synagogue, and many AJC members\nparticipate. Many Jewish women in the community, who are not members of the\nsynagogue but are heads of agencies, like Molly Aczel, A-C-Z-E-L, from the Davis\nAcademy, and Janice Alper, the new Director of the Jewish Education Service, and\nDeborah ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45678/file/118737#t=9720.0,9750.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45678/file/118737/transcript/42096/annotation/326","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Lipstadt, the scholar at Emory. Wonderful women are in the group. I lead\nit once a month, and we study Judaic issues—but women's issues—how Judaism\ntreats women, and we look at women's writings and women's liturgy. And for three\nyears we've had a women's Seder in the middle of Passover, and that's really\nbeen fun. So I've been able to chase all my fantasies and all the things I care\nabout—my Jewish community, ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45678/file/118737#t=9750.0,9780.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45678/file/118737/transcript/42096/annotation/327","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"my feminist community, world Jewry, Israel,\ninter-group relations.\n\nSCHOENBERG: And you still have time for your kids?\n\nFRANK: I do, and I bring all of this to them. All of my kids are real socially\nmotivated, each differently. Jacque is a leader in the Jewish community, and\nAndrew is a kid who really won't let you say anything slightly racist or bigoted\nin front of him. He tells me his teachers in high school want to know when he's\ngoing to run for president so they can vote for ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45678/file/118737#t=9780.0,9810.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45678/file/118737/transcript/42096/annotation/328","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"him.\n\nSCHOENBERG: Where does he go to school?\n\nFRANK: He goes to Riverwood. He's graduating this year and going to the\nUniversity of Georgia.\n\nSCHOENBERG: I was going to ask if he had decided where he wanted to settle on.\n\nFRANK: They're all activists.\n\nSCHOENBERG: Do you have anything else you want to add to?\n\nFRANK: I guess, a real indebtedness to NCJW for getting my roots there; a\ncommitment to synagogue and Federation for enhancing my Jewish identity. Then,\njust ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45678/file/118737#t=9810.0,9840.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45678/file/118737/transcript/42096/annotation/329","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"a total 13 year love affair with the American Jewish Committee. I sometimes\nfeel like Alvin Sugarman. Rabbi [Alvin] Sugarman does outrageous things, and\nfrequently I don't agree with him. I'm sure, frequently, his congregants don't\n[either]. But, they really love him, and they really know he's there for them\nwhen they need him. They give him a very long rope to live out his view of\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45678/file/118737#t=9840.0,9870.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45678/file/118737/transcript/42096/annotation/330","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Judaism or follow his passions, and I frequently feel like him. I feel like I\nhave so much trust in the community, and particularly in the American Jewish\nCommittee, that they'll let me be as liberal as I want to be, or as Jewish as I\nwant to be, or as feminist as I want to be, and just consider the source and\naccept it. And my children are like that. Jacque talks about telling her\ngrown-up friends what it was like when she was 28 to get off work to go home to\nher mother's bat mitzvah. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45678/file/118737#t=9870.0,9900.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45678/file/118737/transcript/42096/annotation/331","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"It was totally outrageous. Now, our family gets\ntogether every year in San Francisco for Passover, and her friends like to see\nwhat feminist or radical thing I'm going to add to our Seder. They all just give\nme free license to do it. They love it.\n\nSCHOENBERG: What you're trying to say is that they all take you with a grain of\nsalt and say, \"Oh well, she's done it again.\"\n\nFRANK: They know I broke the ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45678/file/118737#t=9900.0,9930.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45678/file/118737/transcript/42096/annotation/332","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"model when I came out. But I love it. I love\npolitical advocacy, I just love it all.\n\nSCHOENBERG: It seems to me—and I'm not as tied up in all of it is as you\nare—that Atlanta organizations, the chapters ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45678/file/118737#t=9930.0,9960.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45678/file/118737/transcript/42096/annotation/333","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"in Atlanta, seem to be more and\nmore important on a national level—that there are national leaders and national\nissues that are being led out of Atlanta, that things happen here that are\nreplicated elsewhere or on a national scale because this is an innovative area.\n\nFRANK: I think you're 100 percent right. I have been given the opportunity to\nleave Atlanta. With AJC, I never ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45678/file/118737#t=9960.0,9990.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45678/file/118737/transcript/42096/annotation/334","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"will. I think there is an openness here, a\npossibility here that doesn't exist in other places, a dynamism with the young\nfolks coming here, a progressiveness in part because the Civil Rights Movement\nstarted here. It's just amazing. Our Federation campaigns are increasing when\ncommunities are shrinking. You go to these national black marches and\nevents—everybody who is anybody started here, from Vernon Jordan with Urban\nLeague, ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45678/file/118737#t=9990.0,10020.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45678/file/118737/transcript/42096/annotation/335","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"to Coretta [Scott King], and John Lewis and all the others. There is\njust an openness. I think anybody who wants to work hard can get involved in\nthis city. It's progressive.\n\nSCHOENBERG: I've always had the feeling that it was different in that respect. I\nthink that, generally speaking, it is sort of expected that the business leaders\nof the community will also be social ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45678/file/118737#t=10020.0,10050.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45678/file/118737/transcript/42096/annotation/336","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"issue leaders.\n\nFRANK: Right.\n\nSCHOENBERG: That they will be the ones who will have the reins for the United\nWay campaigns, and the Chamber of Commerce and all these other community\norganizations which do, and shake, and change.\n\nFRANK: Women are succeeding in this city, not as fast as some would like, but\nthey are. Even though some of our leadership is parochial and just focused on\nour own agency, we see a lot of Federation leadership in other organizations. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45678/file/118737#t=10050.0,10080.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45678/file/118737/transcript/42096/annotation/337","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I\nknow, of my own leadership, some are just solely AJC folks. But most are\ninvolved across the community. There is a real spirit here. And along the way,\nI've had friends who were mentors who loved what I did. Ronnie Van Gelder worked\nfor me for a long time as an NCJW woman, and my best friend. I've had a\nsupportive network of family. My sister-in-law and brother-in-law, Barb and\nCharles Golson, my cousin, Helen Haan who is like a ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45678/file/118737#t=10080.0,10110.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45678/file/118737/transcript/42096/annotation/338","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"sister, April Levine who\nworked for me—who is now the Director of ORT—Ronnie at The Temple . . . [They\nhave] been there, supportive, or just not said, \"You're really nuts. What are\nyou doing?\" And for a lot of the formative years that I did this back in Atlanta\n. . .\n\nSCHOENBERG: Doesn't someone occasionally say, \"You're really nuts?\"\n\nFRANK: Mostly they tell me I'm going to burn out, slow down. But in the early\nyears when I worked here, mother was here [and] my mother was a tremendous\nbackup to ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45678/file/118737#t=10110.0,10140.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45678/file/118737/transcript/42096/annotation/339","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"me. I must admit, though my marriage ended unhappily, my husband\nLeonard was a real supporter of all that I did for a very long time, and that\ngave me a good start.\n\nSCHOENBERG: Well, I guess that having said all that you've said this evening, I\nreally think we've done a fairly comprehensive job. And, indeed, I don't know\nwhere else to go from here, other than to thank ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45678/file/118737#t=10140.0,10170.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45678/file/118737/transcript/42096/annotation/340","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"you for all the time you have\ngiven, out of this busy life of yours, to this wonderful project which—of\ncourse—is partially supported by your organization.\n\nFRANK: I love it. We love it.\n\nSCHOENBERG: I feel that it's a project that has not only enhanced my\nunderstanding of the community personally, but should be of great value, I\nthink, to scholars of the future.\n\nFRANK: Right.\n\nSCHOENBERG: I hope so.\n\nFRANK: Right.\n\nSCHOENBERG: Okay, thanks so much.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45678/file/118737#t=10170.0,10200.0"}]},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45678/file/118737/annotation_set/1011","type":"AnnotationPage","label":{"en":["Annotations [Transcript]"]},"items":[{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45678/file/118737/annotation_set/1011/annotation/341","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eSherry Zimmerman Frank’s maternal grandparents were Joseph and Bertha Horowitz. Her paternal grandparents were Samuel Leib Zimmerman and Sarah Zimmerman. \u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45678/file/118737#t=30.0,60.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45678/file/118737/annotation_set/1011/annotation/342","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eTypesetting, creating text for print in books, magazines, newspapers, etc., is now done digitally using computers. Originally, type was set by arranging physical metal pieces for each letter of each word, arranged and placed on a printing press to create pages. \u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45678/file/118737#t=30.0,60.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45678/file/118737/annotation_set/1011/annotation/343","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eIn New York City between 1885 and 1914, there were over 150 Yiddish dailies, weeklies, monthlies, quarterlies, festival journals, and yearbooks being published. Yiddish is the historical language of Ashkenazi Jews from Central and Eastern Europe. \u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45678/file/118737#t=30.0,60.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45678/file/118737/annotation_set/1011/annotation/344","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eOriginally located in downtown Atlanta, Congregation Shearith Israel moved in the 1940s and became the first synagogue in DeKalb County Georgia. In 2002 they officially became affiliated with the Conservative movement.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45678/file/118737#t=120.0,150.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45678/file/118737/annotation_set/1011/annotation/345","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eShul\u003c/em\u003e is the Yiddish word for temple or synagogue. \u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45678/file/118737#t=120.0,150.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45678/file/118737/annotation_set/1011/annotation/346","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eAhavath Achim (AA) is a congregation in metro Atlanta that was initially Orthodox but began to shift to Conservatism, which they joined in 1952. \u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45678/file/118737#t=120.0,150.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45678/file/118737/annotation_set/1011/annotation/347","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eIn Orthodox and some Conservative congregations, men and women are not permitted to sit together during prayer services. In some synagogues, instead of being divided by a \u003cem\u003emechitzah\u003c/em\u003e (a physical barrier like a curtain or screen), the women’s section is in the balcony and the men’s section is on the main floor of the sanctuary.  \u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45678/file/118737#t=150.0,180.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45678/file/118737/annotation_set/1011/annotation/348","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eAn advocate for social, political, legal, and economic rights for women equal to those of men. \u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45678/file/118737#t=150.0,180.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45678/file/118737/annotation_set/1011/annotation/349","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eYontif\u003c/em\u003e is the generic word for Jewish holidays including all but the High Holy Days of \u003cem\u003eRosh Ha-Shanah\u003c/em\u003e and \u003cem\u003eYom Kippur\u003c/em\u003e. \u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45678/file/118737#t=180.0,210.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45678/file/118737/annotation_set/1011/annotation/350","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe JNF is a non-profit organization founded in 1901 to purchase land for Jewish settlements. Since its founding, JNF has evolved into a global environmental organization, provided infrastructure for over 1,000 communities, and helped connect Jewish children and young adults to Israel and their heritage.  \u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45678/file/118737#t=180.0,210.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45678/file/118737/annotation_set/1011/annotation/351","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eThe Secret Garden \u003c/em\u003eis a novel by Frances Hodgson Burnett first published in book form in 1911 and set in England. It is considered a classic of English children’s literature.  \u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45678/file/118737#t=270.0,300.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45678/file/118737/annotation_set/1011/annotation/352","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eStuart Eizenstat is an American diplomat and attorney. A Democrat, he served as the U.S. Ambassador to the European Union from 1993 to 1996 and as U.S. Deputy Secretary of the Treasury from 1999 to 2001. He later became a partner at the Covington \u0026amp; Burling law firm, and a senior strategist at the Association of Public-Safety Communications Officials (APCO) Worldwide.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45678/file/118737#t=300.0,330.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45678/file/118737/annotation_set/1011/annotation/353","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe Jewish Federation of Greater Atlanta raises funds, which are dispersed throughout the Jewish community. Services also include caring for Jews in need locally and around the world, community outreach, leadership development, and educational opportunities. It is part of the Jewish Federation of North America (JFNA).\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45678/file/118737#t=300.0,330.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45678/file/118737/annotation_set/1011/annotation/354","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eB'nai B'rith Girls (BBG) is an international youth-led fraternal organization for Jewish teenage girls. B'nai B'rith Youth Organization, now BBYO, is an umbrella organization including Jewish teens in both Aleph Zadik Aleph (AZA) —for Jewish teenage boys—and BBG.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45678/file/118737#t=330.0,360.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45678/file/118737/annotation_set/1011/annotation/355","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eFounded in the 1890s, The National Council of Jewish Women (NCJW) is an organization of volunteers and advocates who turn progressive ideals into advocacy and philanthropy inspired by Jewish values. NCJW strives to improve the quality of life for women, children, and families.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45678/file/118737#t=480.0,510.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45678/file/118737/annotation_set/1011/annotation/356","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eDaughters of Zion (DOZ) is a Jewish social club and service organization for women. \u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45678/file/118737#t=540.0,570.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45678/file/118737/annotation_set/1011/annotation/357","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eReform Judaism is a liberal strand of Judaism characterized by a lesser stress on ritual and personal observance, a regard for Jewish Law as non-binding and the individual Jew as autonomous, and an openness to external influences and progressive values. The origins of Reform Judaism come from 19th-century Germany.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45678/file/118737#t=540.0,570.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45678/file/118737/annotation_set/1011/annotation/358","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eB’nai B’rith Women (BBW)—now Jewish Women International (JWI)—was founded in San Francisco, California in 1909 and began as a social organization but expanded into cultural activities, philanthropy, and community service. \u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45678/file/118737#t=600.0,630.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45678/file/118737/annotation_set/1011/annotation/359","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe William Breman Jewish Home has been serving the elderly and disabled in metro Atlanta since 1951. It provides long term skilled nursing care and short term rehabilitation services and is part of Jewish Home Life Communities, a non-profit organization. \u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45678/file/118737#t=630.0,660.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45678/file/118737/annotation_set/1011/annotation/360","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe Jewish Educational Alliance (JEA) operated from 1910 to 1948 in downtown Atlanta and was once the hub of Jewish life in the city. In the late 1940s, JEA evolved into the Atlanta Jewish Community Center (AJCC) and moved to Peachtree Street where it stayed until moving to Dunwoody in 2000, where it was renamed the Marcus Jewish Community Center of Atlanta. \u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45678/file/118737#t=630.0,660.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45678/file/118737/annotation_set/1011/annotation/361","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eAleph Zadik Aleph (AZA) is an international youth-led fraternal organization for Jewish teenage boys. \u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45678/file/118737#t=660.0,690.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45678/file/118737/annotation_set/1011/annotation/362","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eDog tags are worn by military personnel and display their basic medical information and often, religious preference. They are metal and worn on a long chain around the neck. \u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45678/file/118737#t=660.0,690.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45678/file/118737/annotation_set/1011/annotation/363","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eStephens College is a private women’s college in Columbia, Missouri. \u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45678/file/118737#t=750.0,780.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45678/file/118737/annotation_set/1011/annotation/364","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eA school for young women that focuses on teaching social graces and upper-class-cultural rites as a preparation for entry into society.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45678/file/118737#t=750.0,780.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45678/file/118737/annotation_set/1011/annotation/365","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eYizkor\u003c/em\u003e [Hebrew: remembrance] refers to memorial prayer services held four times a year during Y\u003cem\u003eom Kippur\u003c/em\u003e, \u003cem\u003eSukkot\u003c/em\u003e, Passover, and \u003cem\u003eShavuot\u003c/em\u003e. During the services, those who have lost a parent or a close loved one recite the \u003cem\u003eyizkor\u003c/em\u003e prayer. \u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45678/file/118737#t=870.0,900.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45678/file/118737/annotation_set/1011/annotation/366","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eRabbi Sydney K. Mossman was born in Windsor, Canada in 1913. He served in Germany during and after World War II. 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By the end of the war, more than half of the Jewish population of Europe had been killed by the Nazis (political party of the mass movement known as National Socialism, an extreme racist and authoritarian group) in the Holocaust. \u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45678/file/118737#t=900.0,930.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45678/file/118737/annotation_set/1011/annotation/368","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eRabbi Arnold M. Goodman served as senior rabbi of Ahavath Achim in Atlanta, Georgia from 1982 to 2002. He came to Atlanta from Minnesota where he had served as rabbi of Adath Jeshurun in Minnetonka since 1966. He currently serves as its senior rabbinic scholar. 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The company specialized in interior design for synagogues, churches, clubs, theaters, and high-end homes. \u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45678/file/118737#t=1050.0,1080.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45678/file/118737/annotation_set/1011/annotation/371","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003e[Hebrew: \u003cem\u003ePesach\u003c/em\u003e] The anniversary of Israel’s liberation from Egyptian bondage. 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One in 30 Ashkenazi Jews are carriers of Tay-Sachs, and one in 300 people in the general population are carriers. Since the 1970s, the incidence of babies being born with Tay-Sachs has fallen by more than 90 percent among Jews because of genetic screening in the Jewish community. \u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45678/file/118737#t=1410.0,1440.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45678/file/118737/annotation_set/1011/annotation/379","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe Soviet Jewry movement was an international human rights campaign that advocated for the right of Jews in the Soviet Union to emigrate. The protest movement, which spread throughout the U.S. and other Jewish communities during the 1960s and 1970s, was in large measure a response to the Holocaust. \u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45678/file/118737#t=1530.0,1560.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45678/file/118737/annotation_set/1011/annotation/380","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eHuman Rights Day is celebrated worldwide on December 10 each year. 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He was a disabled Army veteran of the Vietnam War and a recipient of the Silver Star and the Bronze Star for valorous actions in combat. \u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45678/file/118737#t=1620.0,1650.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45678/file/118737/annotation_set/1011/annotation/382","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003e The Vietnam War was a conflict that occurred in Vietnam, Laos, and Cambodia from 1955 to 1975. America’s involvement in the war was highly controversial. \u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45678/file/118737#t=1620.0,1650.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45678/file/118737/annotation_set/1011/annotation/383","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eAndrew Young (1932-) is a politician, diplomat, and activist. He was a leader in the Civil Rights Movement (1954-1968 movement by African Americans to end legalized racial discrimination, disenfranchisement, and racial segregation in the U.S.), executive director of the Southern Christian Leadership Conference, and a close confidant to Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr. He served in the U.S. House of Representatives, was a United Nations Ambassador, and Mayor of Atlanta from 1982 – 1990.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45678/file/118737#t=1710.0,1740.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45678/file/118737/annotation_set/1011/annotation/384","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eWyche Fowler (1940-) is a Democrat who represented Georgia as both a Senator and member of the U.S. House of Representatives. 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These were some of the first public housing projects in the country. \u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45678/file/118737#t=1740.0,1770.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45678/file/118737/annotation_set/1011/annotation/386","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eJohn Lewis (1940-2020) was a civil rights leader and politician who chaired the Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee (SNCC), worked closely with Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr., and lead the march on the Edmund Pettus Bridge in Selma, Alabama in 1965. 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Martin Luther King Sr. (“Daddy King”) was an African American Baptist pastor, missionary, and an early figure in the Civil Rights Movement. 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It begins at sundown on Friday night and is ushered in by lighting candles and reciting a blessing. It is closed the following evening with the recitation of the \u003cem\u003ehavdalah\u003c/em\u003e blessing. \u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45678/file/118737#t=2610.0,2640.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45678/file/118737/annotation_set/1011/annotation/402","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eRabbi Harry Hyman Epstein (1903-2003) served as rabbi of Ahavath Achim Synagogue in Atlanta, Georgia from 1928 to 1982, when he became rabbi emeritus. Under Rabbi Epstein, the formerly Orthodox congregation began to shift to Conservative Judaism, and officially joined the United Synagogue of America (now the United Synagogue of Conservative Judaism), in 1952. \u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45678/file/118737#t=2850.0,2880.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45678/file/118737/annotation_set/1011/annotation/403","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003e“Anniversary” in Hebrew. Each year the anniversary of the death of a relative is observed by lighting a special \u003cem\u003eyahrzeit\u003c/em\u003e candle and reciting the \u003cem\u003eKaddish\u003c/em\u003e, the prayer for the merit of the departed soul of one’s father, mother or other loved one.  \u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45678/file/118737#t=2910.0,2940.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45678/file/118737/annotation_set/1011/annotation/404","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eKaddish\u003c/em\u003e [Hebrew: holy] is a hymn of praises to God found in the Jewish prayer service that is recited aloud while standing. The central theme of the \u003cem\u003eKaddish\u003c/em\u003e is the magnification and sanctification of God's name. Along with the \u003cem\u003eShema\u003c/em\u003e and \u003cem\u003eAmidah\u003c/em\u003e, the \u003cem\u003eKaddish\u003c/em\u003e is one of the most important and central elements in the Jewish liturgy. Mourner's \u003cem\u003eKaddish\u003c/em\u003e is said at all prayer services and certain other occasions. Following the death of a parent, child, spouse, or sibling it is customary to recite the Mourner's \u003cem\u003eKaddish\u003c/em\u003e in the presence of a congregation daily for 30 days, or 11 months in the case of a parent, and then at every anniversary of the death. It is important to note that the Mourner's \u003cem\u003eKaddish\u003c/em\u003e does not mention death at all, but instead praises God. \u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45678/file/118737#t=2910.0,2940.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45678/file/118737/annotation_set/1011/annotation/405","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe Holocaust was the World War II genocide of the European Jews. Between 1941 and 1945, across German-occupied Europe, Nazi Germany and its collaborators systematically murdered some six million Jews, around two-thirds of Europe’s Jewish population. \u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45678/file/118737#t=2910.0,2940.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45678/file/118737/annotation_set/1011/annotation/406","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe Temple is a Reform congregation located in midtown Atlanta and is the city’s oldest and most diverse synagogue. The civil rights advocacy of the senior rabbi during the 1950s and 1960s led to the infamous bombing of the Temple in 1958.   \u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45678/file/118737#t=3090.0,3120.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45678/file/118737/annotation_set/1011/annotation/407","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eJimmy Carter, a Georgian, was the 39th president of the United States from 1977 to 1981. A member of the Democratic Party, he had previously served as a Georgia State Senator from 1963 to 1967 and as the 76th Governor of Georgia from 1971 to 1975.  \u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45678/file/118737#t=3300.0,3330.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45678/file/118737/annotation_set/1011/annotation/408","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eB'nai B'rith Youth Organization, now BBYO, is an umbrella organization including Jewish teens in both AZA and BBG. \u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45678/file/118737#t=3390.0,3420.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45678/file/118737/annotation_set/1011/annotation/409","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eFrank Fierman (1918-1974) was the director of the Atlanta Jewish Community Center for 16 years. He had an AZA (Aleph Zadik Aleph ) chapter, part of B’nai B’rith Youth Organization, named in his honor.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45678/file/118737#t=3540.0,3570.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45678/file/118737/annotation_set/1011/annotation/410","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eFrank Garson (1886-1955) was an Atlanta businessman and philanthropist. He founded the Lovable Company, manufacturing lingerie and brassieres. He was born Frank Gottesman and later changed his name to Garson. Garson was active in the United Palestine Appeal, the Jewish National Fund, the Jewish Welfare Board and the Anti-Defamation League of B'nai B'rith. \u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45678/file/118737#t=3540.0,3570.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45678/file/118737/annotation_set/1011/annotation/411","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eAEPi (Alpha Epsilon Pi) is an international Jewish fraternity, founded in 1913. Over 102K men have been members since the organization’s beginning.  \u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45678/file/118737#t=3570.0,3600.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45678/file/118737/annotation_set/1011/annotation/412","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eTEP (Tau Epsilon Phi) is an American fraternity formed in 1910 by a group of ten Jewish men who were excluded from membership in other fraternities due to their faith. They dedicated themselves to building an organization free from discrimination. \u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45678/file/118737#t=3600.0,3630.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45678/file/118737/annotation_set/1011/annotation/413","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe Council of Jewish Federations is an association of Jewish community organizations in the U.S. addressing issues of budgeting, campaigning, public welfare, public relations, and business management services.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45678/file/118737#t=3780.0,3810.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45678/file/118737/annotation_set/1011/annotation/414","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eSidney Julius Marcus (1928-1983) was first elected as a Democrat to the Georgia House of Representatives in 1968 from a district in the Buckhead community of Atlanta, Georgia. He subsequently was reelected to seven more terms in the legislature. In 1981, he ran for mayor of Atlanta, losing to civil rights leader and former United Nations ambassador Andrew Young. After his death from cancer at age 55, Sidney Marcus Boulevard, a major street in Buckhead, was named in his memory.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45678/file/118737#t=3810.0,3840.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45678/file/118737/annotation_set/1011/annotation/415","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eA coalition of women’s organizations working to build awareness about the plight of imprisoned Jewish activists in the U.S.S.R. and to encourage authorities to allow Soviet Jews to immigrate. \u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45678/file/118737#t=4050.0,4080.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45678/file/118737/annotation_set/1011/annotation/416","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eA grassroots movement is one which uses the people in a given district, region, or community as the basis for a political or economic movement. They use collective action from the local level to affect change at the local, regional, national, or international level.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45678/file/118737#t=4200.0,4230.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45678/file/118737/annotation_set/1011/annotation/417","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eMaynard Jackson (1938-2003) was a politician and attorney from Georgia and a member of the Democratic Party. In 1973, at the age of 35, he was elected as the first Black mayor of Atlanta or of any major city in the South. He served three terms, making him the second longest-serving mayor of the city. \u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45678/file/118737#t=4590.0,4620.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45678/file/118737/annotation_set/1011/annotation/418","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eFounded in 1972, the Latin American Association (LAA) has grown to become the region’s leading agency representing Georgia’s Latino issues. The LAA offers direct services that help Latino individuals assimilate and become contributing members of Georgia’s community. \u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45678/file/118737#t=4590.0,4620.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45678/file/118737/annotation_set/1011/annotation/419","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe Korean Community Relations Council represented the needs of Atlanta area Korean individuals and businesses, helping them assimilate and become contributing members of their community.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45678/file/118737#t=4590.0,4620.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45678/file/118737/annotation_set/1011/annotation/420","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eGerald Cohen (1919-2009) was known for his vision, his ability to bring people together, and his philanthropic generosity in the Atlanta Jewish community. He has served as president of AA Synagogue, the Jewish Federation of Greater Atlanta, and was a founding member of The Epstein School. He served on the boards of the Anti-Defamation League (ADL), the American Jewish Committee (AJC), the Marcus Jewish Community Center of Atlanta, and many others. \u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45678/file/118737#t=4650.0,4680.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45678/file/118737/annotation_set/1011/annotation/421","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe Atlanta Jewish Times is a Southern Israelite publication, owned and published by Michael A. Morris. \u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45678/file/118737#t=4680.0,4710.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45678/file/118737/annotation_set/1011/annotation/422","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eElliott Harris Levitas (1930-2022) is a Jewish American politician who was born in Atlanta, Georgia. He was a Rhodes scholar who received a bachelor’s degree from Emory University, law degree from Emory Law School, and masters of law degree from Oxford University. From 1955 to 1958, he served in United States Air Force. He served in the Georgia House of Representatives (1965-1975) and was a United States Congressman from Georgia's 4th district in the United States House of Representatives (1975-1985). \u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45678/file/118737#t=4770.0,4800.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45678/file/118737/annotation_set/1011/annotation/423","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eHebrew for ‘teaching’. \u003cem\u003eTorah\u003c/em\u003e is a general term that covers all Jewish law including the vast mass of teachings recorded in the \u003cem\u003eTalmud\u003c/em\u003e and other rabbinical works.  \u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45678/file/118737#t=4860.0,4890.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45678/file/118737/annotation_set/1011/annotation/424","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eA reference to the most radical thinkers of the Women’s Liberation Movement in the 1960s. The idea of bra-burning represented a critique of the existing beauty culture which valued women for their appearance instead of their intellect or other skills and talents. There are, in fact, no historical records of actual bra-burning events or activities. \u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45678/file/118737#t=4920.0,4950.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45678/file/118737/annotation_set/1011/annotation/425","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eA physical barrier like a curtain or screen, found in some synagogues, which divide the women and men.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45678/file/118737#t=4920.0,4950.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45678/file/118737/annotation_set/1011/annotation/426","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eDaven\u003c/em\u003e is the act of reciting Jewish liturgical prayers. \u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45678/file/118737#t=4920.0,4950.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45678/file/118737/annotation_set/1011/annotation/427","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eA prayer shawl fringed at each of the four corners in accordance with biblical law. The wearing of \u003cem\u003etallit\u003c/em\u003e at worship is obligatory only for married men, but it is customarily worn also by males of \u003cem\u003ebar mitzvah\u003c/em\u003e age and older.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45678/file/118737#t=4950.0,4980.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45678/file/118737/annotation_set/1011/annotation/428","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eCongregation Etz Chaim is a progressive, egalitarian, Conservative synagogue in metro Atlanta, north of the city.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45678/file/118737#t=5010.0,5040.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45678/file/118737/annotation_set/1011/annotation/429","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eAliyah\u003c/em\u003e in Hebrew means ‘ascent’ or ‘going up.’ An \u003cem\u003ealiyah\u003c/em\u003e is the calling of a member of a Jewish congregation to the \u003cem\u003ebimah\u003c/em\u003e (a raised structure in the synagogue from which the \u003cem\u003eTorah\u003c/em\u003e is read and from which prayers are led) for a segment of reading from the \u003cem\u003eTorah\u003c/em\u003e. \u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45678/file/118737#t=5010.0,5040.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45678/file/118737/annotation_set/1011/annotation/430","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eJewish men cover their heads during prayer with a small skull-cap called a \u003cem\u003eyarmulke\u003c/em\u003e or \u003cem\u003ekippah\u003c/em\u003e. \u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45678/file/118737#t=5010.0,5040.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45678/file/118737/annotation_set/1011/annotation/431","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe Gulf War (1990-1991), including Operation Desert Storm / Operation Desert Shield, was a war waged by coalition forces from 35 nations led by the United States against Iraq in response to Iraq's invasion and annexation of Kuwait. \u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45678/file/118737#t=5010.0,5040.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45678/file/118737/annotation_set/1011/annotation/432","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe Jewish New Year.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45678/file/118737#t=5070.0,5100.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45678/file/118737/annotation_set/1011/annotation/433","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe official in charge of music or chants who leads liturgical prayer and chanting in the synagogue. \u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45678/file/118737#t=5070.0,5100.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45678/file/118737/annotation_set/1011/annotation/434","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eJohnnetta Cole is an anthropologist, educator, museum director, and the first female African-American president of Spelman College (1987-1997), an historically black college in Atlanta. Cole was also Director of the Smithsonian Institution's National Museum of African Art from 2009-2017. \u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45678/file/118737#t=5100.0,5130.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45678/file/118737/annotation_set/1011/annotation/435","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eBill Clinton, a member of the Democratic Party, served as the 42nd president of the United States from 1993 to 2001. Prior to his presidency, he served as Governor of the state of Arkansas and Attorney General of Arkansas.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45678/file/118737#t=5100.0,5130.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45678/file/118737/annotation_set/1011/annotation/436","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eThe Forward\u003c/em\u003e, formerly known as \u003cem\u003eThe Jewish Daily Forward\u003c/em\u003e, is an American news media organization for a Jewish-American audience. Founded in 1897 as a Yiddish-language daily socialist newspaper, it launched an English-language weekly newspaper in 1990. \u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45678/file/118737#t=5100.0,5130.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45678/file/118737/annotation_set/1011/annotation/437","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe \u003cem\u003emenorah\u003c/em\u003e is an ancient symbol of the Jews and holds seven (if inside a temple) or nine (if in a home or other location) candles. It has come to be connected with \u003cem\u003eHanukkah\u003c/em\u003e (eight-day festival of lights, usually in December, commemorating the victory of the Maccabees over the Syrian Greek army, and the rededication of the Holy Temple in Jerusalem by restoring its menorah, or lamp).  \u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45678/file/118737#t=5130.0,5160.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45678/file/118737/annotation_set/1011/annotation/438","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe Young Leadership Council (YLC) welcomes adults up to age 40, who are single or married, with or without kids; it is dedicated to building a connected community of young Jews.  \u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45678/file/118737#t=5190.0,5220.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45678/file/118737/annotation_set/1011/annotation/439","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe Epstein School is a Jewish day school that offers integrated, dual-language learning and cultivates Jewish identity. Sherry Zimmerman Frank served as the school’s Vice President at one time. \u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45678/file/118737#t=5250.0,5280.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45678/file/118737/annotation_set/1011/annotation/440","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eA Yiddish word that means “pride” or “joy.” \u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45678/file/118737#t=5250.0,5280.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45678/file/118737/annotation_set/1011/annotation/441","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eJewish Family Services of Atlanta began as a relief agency, but merged with Jewish Vocational Services in 1997 to become Jewish Family and Career Services. \u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45678/file/118737#t=5280.0,5310.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45678/file/118737/annotation_set/1011/annotation/442","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eDavid Sarnat has had a long and distinguished career of service to the Jewish community, including 21 years as Executive Director of the Jewish Federation of Greater Atlanta. \u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45678/file/118737#t=5310.0,5340.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45678/file/118737/annotation_set/1011/annotation/443","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eCecil Alexander (1918-2013) was a prominent Atlanta architect and civic leader responsible for some of the city's most notable public buildings. During the civil rights movement of the 1960s and 1970s, he was a leader in peacefully desegregating the city's public housing and local businesses. He also designed a new state flag that removed one of the last symbols of Georgia's racially divided past. \u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45678/file/118737#t=5550.0,5580.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45678/file/118737/annotation_set/1011/annotation/444","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe Nobel Peace Prize is one of the five Nobel Prizes established by the will of Swedish industrialist, inventor, and armaments manufacturer Alfred Nobel. Additional prizes are awarded in chemistry, physics, physiology or medicine, and literature. \u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45678/file/118737#t=5640.0,5670.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45678/file/118737/annotation_set/1011/annotation/445","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eRabbi Alvin M. Sugarman (1938-) is the Rabbi Emeritus of The Temple in Atlanta and currently serves with life tenure. He began his rabbinate at the Temple in 1971 and in 1974 was named senior rabbi. A native of Atlanta, Rabbi Sugarman's family were members of The Temple, where he was also confirmed. He received his BBA from Emory University and was ordained by Hebrew Union College. In 1988 he received his PhD in Theological Studies from Emory University.  \u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45678/file/118737#t=5760.0,5790.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45678/file/118737/annotation_set/1011/annotation/446","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe 1965 voting rights march from Selma to Montgomery, Alabama became known as “Bloody Sunday” because it ended in state troopers beating nonviolent protesters as they tried to cross the Edmund Pettus Bridge. Built in 1940, the bridge is named after Edmund Winston Pettus, a former Confederate brigadier general, Democratic Senator from Alabama, and Grand Dragon of the Alabama Ku Klux Klan. \u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45678/file/118737#t=5790.0,5820.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45678/file/118737/annotation_set/1011/annotation/447","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eLIFE\u003c/em\u003e was an American, wide-ranging weekly general interest magazine known for the quality of its photography. \u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45678/file/118737#t=5820.0,5850.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45678/file/118737/annotation_set/1011/annotation/448","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eMartin Luther King Day is a federal holiday in the U.S. and falls on the third Monday of January. It is the beginning of King Week which celebrates his life and legacy. \u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45678/file/118737#t=5880.0,5910.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45678/file/118737/annotation_set/1011/annotation/449","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe Ku Klux Klan, commonly called the KKK or the Klan, is an American white supremacist hate group, whose primary targets are African Americans and Jews. \u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45678/file/118737#t=5910.0,5940.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45678/file/118737/annotation_set/1011/annotation/450","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eCivil Rights leaders from the 1960s and 1970s.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45678/file/118737#t=5910.0,5940.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45678/file/118737/annotation_set/1011/annotation/451","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003ePromoting or tending toward worldwide Christian unity and cooperation.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45678/file/118737#t=5940.0,5970.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45678/file/118737/annotation_set/1011/annotation/452","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003ePastoral home of the Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45678/file/118737#t=5940.0,5970.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45678/file/118737/annotation_set/1011/annotation/453","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe Southern Christian Leadership Conference (SCLC) is an African-American civil rights organization closely associated with its first president, Dr. Martin Luther King, Junior. \u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45678/file/118737#t=5970.0,6000.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45678/file/118737/annotation_set/1011/annotation/454","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eLeonid Brezhnev served as Chairman of the Presidium and died in 1982. Mikhail Gorbachev served as General Secretary of Russia from 1985-1991.   \u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45678/file/118737#t=6060.0,6090.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45678/file/118737/annotation_set/1011/annotation/455","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003e“I Have a Dream” was a public speech delivered by Dr. Martin Luther King Jr.—during the March on Washington for Jobs and Freedom on August 28, 1963—in which he called for civil and economic rights and an end to racism in the United States. It is one of Dr. King’s most famous speeches. \u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45678/file/118737#t=6120.0,6150.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45678/file/118737/annotation_set/1011/annotation/456","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eChartered in 1983, the mission of Concerned Black Clergy of Metropolitan Atlanta (CBC), is to provide leadership, advocacy and service to the homeless, helpless and hopeless in the community.  \u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45678/file/118737#t=6150.0,6180.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45678/file/118737/annotation_set/1011/annotation/457","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe Little Rock Nine was a group of nine African-American students enrolled in Little Rock Central High School in 1957, who were initially prevented from entering the racially segregated school by Orval Faubus, the Governor of Arkansas. After the intervention of President Dwight D. Eisenhower, they were allowed to attend the school. \u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45678/file/118737#t=6180.0,6210.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45678/file/118737/annotation_set/1011/annotation/458","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eLong-serving Atlanta police officer and public servant. \u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45678/file/118737#t=6240.0,6270.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45678/file/118737/annotation_set/1011/annotation/459","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe Jewish text that sets forth the order of the Passover \u003cem\u003eSeder\u003c/em\u003e.  \u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45678/file/118737#t=6300.0,6330.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45678/file/118737/annotation_set/1011/annotation/460","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eLeo Max Frank (1884-1915) was a Jewish factory superintendent in Atlanta, Georgia. In 1913, he was accused of raping and murdering one of his employees, a 13-year-old girl named Mary Phagan, whose body was found on the premises of the National Pencil Company. Frank was arrested, tried, convicted and sentenced to death for her murder. The trial was the catalyst for a great outburst of antisemitism led by the populist Tom Watson and the center of powerful class and political interests. Frank was sent to Milledgeville State Penitentiary to await his execution. Governor John M. Slaton, believing there had been a miscarriage of justice, commuted Frank’s sentence to life in prison. This enraged a group of men who styled themselves the “Knights of Mary Phagan.” They drove to the prison, kidnapped Frank from his cell and drove him to Marietta, Georgia where they lynched him. Many years later, the murderer was revealed to be Jim Conley, who had lied in the trial, pinning it on Frank instead. Frank was pardoned on March 11, 1986, although they stopped short of exonerating him. \u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45678/file/118737#t=6390.0,6420.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45678/file/118737/annotation_set/1011/annotation/461","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eIn 1977, Rev. Leon Sullivan—an African-American minister and member of the board of General Motors—developed the Sullivan Principles. General Motors had a significant presence in South Africa where apartheid (a harsh program of state-sanctioned racial segregation and discrimination targeted primarily at the country's black population) was in force. The Sullivan Principles were developed to apply economic pressure on South Africa in protest of apartheid and the principles eventually gained wide adoption among U.S.–based corporations.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45678/file/118737#t=6510.0,6540.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45678/file/118737/annotation_set/1011/annotation/462","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eSaracen was a term widely used among Christian writers in Europe during the Middle Ages to refer to Arab Muslims. \u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45678/file/118737#t=6630.0,6660.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45678/file/118737/annotation_set/1011/annotation/463","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eLouis Farrakhan, Sr. (born Louis Eugene Wolcott, 1933) is the leader of the religious group Nation of Islam. He is a disciple of Malcolm X, and a grassroots political leader and critic of white supremacy. He has been criticized for antisemitic remarks.  \u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45678/file/118737#t=6750.0,6780.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45678/file/118737/annotation_set/1011/annotation/464","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eElijah Muhammad (1897-1975) was an American religious leader, black separatist, and self-proclaimed Messenger of Allah who led the Nation of Islam from 1934 until his death in 1975. He was a teacher and mentor of Malcolm X. \u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45678/file/118737#t=6750.0,6780.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45678/file/118737/annotation_set/1011/annotation/465","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eMohammed Abdel Rahman Abdel Raouf al-Qudwa al-Husseini, popularly known as Yasser Arafat (1929­-2004), was Chairman of the Palestine Liberation Organization (PLO) and then President of the Palestinian National Authority (PND). He was also the leader of the Fatah political party and paramilitary group which he founded in 1959. \u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45678/file/118737#t=6840.0,6870.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45678/file/118737/annotation_set/1011/annotation/466","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eMohammed Abdel Rahman Abdel Raouf al-Qudwa al-Husseini, popularly known as Yasser Arafat (1929­-2004), was Chairman of the Palestine Liberation Organization (PLO) and then President of the Palestinian National Authority (PND). He was also the leader of the Fatah political party and paramilitary group which he founded in 1959. \u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45678/file/118737#t=6840.0,6870.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45678/file/118737/annotation_set/1011/annotation/467","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003e The National Association for the Advancement of Colored People (NAACP) is a civil rights organization in the U.S., formed in 1909 as a bi-racial endeavor to advance justice for African-Americans.  \u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45678/file/118737#t=7080.0,7110.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45678/file/118737/annotation_set/1011/annotation/468","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eYeshiva High School (grades 9-12) was a Jewish High School in Atlanta. In 2014 the Greenfield Hebrew Academy (grades pre-K through 8) merged with Yeshiva into one college preparatory day school now called the ‘Atlanta Jewish Academy.’ \u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45678/file/118737#t=7350.0,7380.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45678/file/118737/annotation_set/1011/annotation/469","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003ePotato pancakes.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45678/file/118737#t=7710.0,7740.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45678/file/118737/annotation_set/1011/annotation/470","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eIlan Feldman has been the rabbi at Congregation Beth Jacob, an Orthodox congregation in Atlanta since his father’s retirement as rabbi in 1991. Prior to his position as the rabbi, he was the assistant rabbi from 1980.  \u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45678/file/118737#t=7920.0,7950.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45678/file/118737/annotation_set/1011/annotation/471","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe International Council of Christians and Jews (ICCJ)is an organization of 38 national groups in 32 countries engaged in Christian-Jewish dialog. The organization was founded as a reaction to the Holocaust in efforts to seek Christian-Jewish reconciliation.  \u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45678/file/118737#t=8070.0,8100.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45678/file/118737/annotation_set/1011/annotation/472","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eChalutzim\u003c/em\u003e [Hebrew: pioneers] were Jewish pioneers who immigrated to the region of Palestine especially as part of a movement in the years after World War I to work the land and create Jewish settlements. \u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45678/file/118737#t=8400.0,8430.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45678/file/118737/annotation_set/1011/annotation/473","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eIn 1956 the National Evangelical Synod of Syria and Lebanon assumed total charge of the ministries of the Presbyterian churches. The schools include American University at Beirut, Lebanese American University and some 20 elementary and secondary schools.  \u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45678/file/118737#t=8400.0,8430.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/45678/file/118737/annotation_set/1011/annotation/474","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe Palestine Liberation Organization is a Palestinian nationalist political and militant organization founded in 1964 to centralize the leadership of various Palestinian resistance movements. 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