{"@context":"http://iiif.io/api/presentation/3/context.json","id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/iiif/3x83j3c22d/manifest","type":"Manifest","label":{"en":["Gortatowsky, Helen"]},"logo":"https://d9jk7wjtjpu5g.cloudfront.net/organizations/logo_images/000/000/082/original/TheBreman_SecondaryMark_Horizontal_Blue_Black.png?1713640889","metadata":[{"label":{"en":["Date"]},"value":{"en":["1987-08-12 (captured)","1987-08-19 (captured)"]}},{"label":{"en":["Agent"]},"value":{"en":["Gortatowsky, Helen (Interviewee)","Alpert, Merna (Interviewer)"]}},{"label":{"en":["Format"]},"value":{"en":["Audio"]}},{"label":{"en":["Source"]},"value":{"en":["William Breman Jewish Heritage Museum","Esther \u0026amp; Herbert Taylor Jewish Oral Hsitory Collection","American Jewish Committee"]}},{"label":{"en":["Description"]},"value":{"en":["\u003cp\u003eHelen Gortatowsky was interviewed by Merna Alpert on August 12, 1987 and August 19, 1987, in Atlanta, Georgia.\u003c/p\u003e (general)","\u003cp\u003eHelen Bauer Abraham Gortatowsky was born in Atlanta, Georgia on December 26, 1913. She was the only child of William and Ida Guthman Bauer. Her father had a son, Roy, from his first marriage. In 1918, Roy was killed in World War I. Helen’s family attended The Temple. Her father managed the Standard Club for several years before working for Prudential Insurance Company. Helen attended and graduated from Vanderbilt University in Nashville, Tennessee. After college, she returned to Atlanta and worked for Rich’s for 14 years and eventually became a buyer for them. She later worked part-time at the Atlanta Merchandise Mart.\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\u003cp\u003e \u003c/p\u003e\r\n\u003cp\u003eOn March 30, 1946, she married Joseph Abraham and they had one son, Robert. Joseph passed away in 1973. Helen married her second husband, Julian Gortatowsky in 1979, and they were married until his death in 1983. She was a life-long member of The Temple. Helen also volunteered with the National Federation for the Blind and at Sarah Smith Elementary School. She passed away on May 13, 2002, leaving behind her son Robert, daughter-in-law Judy, three grandsons and a stepdaughter, Grace Gortatowsky Bright.\u003c/p\u003e (bioghist)","\u003cp\u003eHelen begins the interview discussing her parents and her half-brother, Roy. She shares about her family’s long history in Atlanta. She talks about what her father did for a living and living at the Standard Club. She recalls attending Immaculate Conception Academy and later public school. Helen mentions that Rebecca Felton lived next door to the convent and near the Standard Club. She discusses attending The Temple and her family’s religious life while she was growing up. She talks about her parents friendship with Leo Frank and the letter from him to her parents. She recalls not facing any antisemitism while she was growing up.\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\u003cp\u003e \u003c/p\u003e\r\n\u003cp\u003eHelen spoke about attending Vanderbilt University in Nashville, Tennessee and attending a year of law school while at college. She mentions working for Rich’s after college. She remembers the Great Atlanta Fire of 1917 and visiting her half-brother, Roy, at Fort McPherson. She shares her memories of Sam Massell and his time as mayor of Atlanta. Helen discusses her two husbands, Joe and Julian, and having a son with Joe. She talks about working after she got married and where she worked.\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\u003cp\u003e \u003c/p\u003e\r\n\u003cp\u003eHelen describes the Jewish life that she and her husband, Joe had in their home, and how their son did not have a bar mitzvah. She reflects on the lack of antisemitism she faced throughout her life. She recalls the desegregation of Atlanta’s schools and how the city has changed since her youth. She reflects on her family’s interaction with blacks and how they were treated differently in Meridian, Mississippi where her mother-in-law lived. She briefly mentions the 1964 Democratic National Convention.\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\u003cp\u003e \u003c/p\u003e\r\n\u003cp\u003eHelen shared her husband, Joe’s feelings about her working, and his service in World War II. She spoke about the organizations she has supported over the years. She also discussed her volunteer work with the National Federation of the Blind and her love of reading. She details the traveling she has done in the United States and around the world. Helen talks about her son and his family moving from Kingston, New York to Atlanta. She reflects on the growing number of synagogues in Atlanta and the surrounding communities. She recalls the impact of World War II on her and the greater Atlanta community.\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\u003cp\u003e \u003c/p\u003e\r\n\u003cp\u003eHelen shares the genealogical information she has on the Bauer side of her family. She recalls what some of her ancestors did in Germany. She also discusses how her family remained connected to her relatives in Bavaria. She shares more about her trip to Israel and a later trip she made across France. She reflects on how young people have more freedom to travel and do things than she did in her youth. She concludes the interview by discussing how raising children has changed since she raised her son.\u003c/p\u003e (scope content)"]}},{"label":{"en":["Rights Statement"]},"value":{"en":["\u003cp\u003eAll rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, recorded by any information storage and retrieval system, without the express written consent of the William Breman Jewish Heritage Museum.\u003c/p\u003e"]}},{"label":{"en":["Subject"]},"value":{"en":["Gortatowsky, Helen Bauer Abraham (1913-2002) (personal name)","Abraham, Joseph L. (1912-1973) (personal name)","Abraham, Robert (b. 1950) (personal name)","Grotatowsky, Julian (1911-1983) (personal name)","Bright, Grace Gortatowsky (b. 1946) (personal name)","Bauer, William (1862-1931) (personal name)","Bauer, Ida Guthman (1875-1944) (personal name)","Bauer, Roy (1895-1918) (personal name)","Guthman, Helena “Lena” Haas (1838-1877) (personal name)","Guthman, Isaac (1834-1900) (personal name)","Bauer, Stella Steinheimer (1875-1959) (personal name)","Steinheimer, David (1839-1930) (personal name)","Frank, Leo (1884-1915) (personal name)","Felton, Rebecca Latimer (1835-1930) (personal name)","Rothschild, Rabbi Jacob (1911-1973) (personal name)","Rich, Walter (1880-1947) (personal name)","Massell, Jr., Samuel (1927-2022) (personal name)","Jackson, Jr., Maynard Holbrook (1938-2003) (personal name)","Young, Andrew (b. 1932) (personal name)","Allen, Jr., Ivan Earnest (1911-2003) (personal name)","Hamer, Fannie Lou (1917-1977) (personal name)","Uhry, Alene Fox (1909-2002) (personal name)","Hitler, Adolf (1889-1945) (personal name)","Franco, Francisco (1892-1975) (personal name)","Nixon, Richard (1913-1994) (personal name)","Bauer, Sr., Henry R. (1912-1983) (personal name)","Atlanta, Georgia (geographic term)","Bavaria (geographic term)","Philadelphia, Pennsylvania (geographic term)","Little Rock, Arkansas (geographic term)","Verdun, France (geographic term)","Newnan, Georgia (geographic term)","Huntsville, Alabama (geographic term)","Meridian, Mississippi (geographic term)","Delhi, India (geographic term)","Nashville, Tennessee (geographic term)","New Haven, Connecticut (geographic term)","Kingston, New York (geographic term)","Zurich, Switzerland (geographic term)","Haifa, Israel (geographic term)","Vienna, Austria (geographic term)","Tel Aviv, Israel (geographic term)","Washington, D.C. (geographic term)","Montreal, Canada (geographic term)","Snellville, Georgia (geographic term)","Stone Mountain, Georgia (geographic term)","Buttenwiesen, Germany (geographic term)","Marseille, France (geographic term)","Atlanta-Fulton County Stadium (corporate name)","Pershing Point Park (corporate name)","Oakland Cemetery (corporate name)","The Standard Club (corporate name)","The Sisters of the Immaculate Conception School and Convent (corporate name)","Prudential Financial, Inc. (corporate name)","The Temple (corporate name)","Ahavath Achim Synagogue (corporate name)","Hebrew Union College-Jewish Institute of Religion (corporate name)","Vanderbilt University (corporate name)","Rich’s (corporate name)","American Jewish Committee (corporate name)","Atlanta Market Center/Merchandise Mart (corporate name)","United States Army Air Corp (corporate name)","National Federation for the Blind (corporate name)","Sarah Smith Elementary School (corporate name)","IBM (corporate name)","National Council of Jewish Women (corporate name)","World War I (named event)","World War II (named event)","American Civil War (named event)","The Great Depression (named event)","The Great Atlanta Fire of 1917 (named event)","1964 Democratic National Convention (named event)","The Holocaust (named event)","The Croix de Guerre (topical term)","Confederate States Army (topical term)","Reform Judaism (topical term)","Orthodox Judaism (topical term)","Conservative Judaism (topical term)","Antisemitism (topical term)","Desegregation (topical term)","Ku Klux Klan (topical term)","Shabbat (topical term)","Bar mitzvah (topical term)","Seder (topical term)","Fourth Army (topical term)"]}}],"summary":{"en":["\u003cp\u003eHelen Gortatowsky was interviewed by Merna Alpert on August 12, 1987 and August 19, 1987, in Atlanta, Georgia.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eHelen Bauer Abraham Gortatowsky was born in Atlanta, Georgia on December 26, 1913. She was the only child of William and Ida Guthman Bauer. Her father had a son, Roy, from his first marriage. In 1918, Roy was killed in World War I. Helen\u0026rsquo;s family attended The Temple. Her father managed the Standard Club for several years before working for Prudential Insurance Company. Helen attended and graduated from Vanderbilt University in Nashville, Tennessee. After college, she returned to Atlanta and worked for Rich\u0026rsquo;s for 14 years and eventually became a buyer for them. She later worked part-time at the Atlanta Merchandise Mart.\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\u003cp\u003eOn March 30, 1946, she married Joseph Abraham and they had one son, Robert. Joseph passed away in 1973. Helen married her second husband, Julian Gortatowsky in 1979, and they were married until his death in 1983. She was a life-long member of The Temple. Helen also volunteered with the National Federation for the Blind and at Sarah Smith Elementary School. She passed away on May 13, 2002, leaving behind her son Robert, daughter-in-law Judy, three grandsons and a stepdaughter, Grace Gortatowsky Bright.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eHelen begins the interview discussing her parents and her half-brother, Roy. She shares about her family\u0026rsquo;s long history in Atlanta. She talks about what her father did for a living and living at the Standard Club. She recalls attending Immaculate Conception Academy and later public school. Helen mentions that Rebecca Felton lived next door to the convent and near the Standard Club. She discusses attending The Temple and her family\u0026rsquo;s religious life while she was growing up. She talks about her parents friendship with Leo Frank and the letter from him to her parents. She recalls not facing any antisemitism while she was growing up.\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\u003cp\u003eHelen spoke about attending Vanderbilt University in Nashville, Tennessee and attending a year of law school while at college. She mentions working for Rich\u0026rsquo;s after college. She remembers the Great Atlanta Fire of 1917 and visiting her half-brother, Roy, at Fort McPherson. She shares her memories of Sam Massell and his time as mayor of Atlanta. Helen discusses her two husbands, Joe and Julian, and having a son with Joe. She talks about working after she got married and where she worked.\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\u003cp\u003eHelen describes the Jewish life that she and her husband, Joe had in their home, and how their son did not have a bar mitzvah. She reflects on the lack of antisemitism she faced throughout her life. She recalls the desegregation of Atlanta\u0026rsquo;s schools and how the city has changed since her youth. She reflects on her family\u0026rsquo;s interaction with blacks and how they were treated differently in Meridian, Mississippi where her mother-in-law lived. She briefly mentions the 1964 Democratic National Convention.\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\u003cp\u003eHelen shared her husband, Joe\u0026rsquo;s feelings about her working, and his service in World War II. She spoke about the organizations she has supported over the years. She also discussed her volunteer work with the National Federation of the Blind and her love of reading. She details the traveling she has done in the United States and around the world. Helen talks about her son and his family moving from Kingston, New York to Atlanta. She reflects on the growing number of synagogues in Atlanta and the surrounding communities. She recalls the impact of World War II on her and the greater Atlanta community.\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\u003cp\u003eHelen shares the genealogical information she has on the Bauer side of her family. She recalls what some of her ancestors did in Germany. She also discusses how her family remained connected to her relatives in Bavaria. She shares more about her trip to Israel and a later trip she made across France. She reflects on how young people have more freedom to travel and do things than she did in her youth. She concludes the interview by discussing how raising children has changed since she raised her son.\u003c/p\u003e"]},"requiredStatement":{"label":{"en":["Attribution"]},"value":{"en":["\u003cp\u003eAll rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, recorded by any information storage and retrieval system, without the express written consent of the William Breman Jewish Heritage Museum.\u003c/p\u003e"]}},"provider":[{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/aboutus","type":"Agent","label":{"en":["William Breman Jewish Heritage Museum"]},"homepage":[{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/","type":"Text","label":{"en":["William Breman Jewish Heritage Museum"]},"format":"text/html"}],"logo":[{"id":"https://d9jk7wjtjpu5g.cloudfront.net/organizations/logo_images/000/000/082/original/TheBreman_SecondaryMark_Horizontal_Blue_Black.png?1713640889","type":"Image"}]}],"thumbnail":[{"id":"https://d9jk7wjtjpu5g.cloudfront.net/public/images/audio-default.png","type":"Image","format":"image/png"}],"items":[{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/164457/file/299349","type":"Canvas","label":{"en":["Media File 1 of 1 - GORTATOWSKY_HELEN.mp3"]},"duration":7092.14041,"width":640,"height":360,"thumbnail":[{"id":"https://d9jk7wjtjpu5g.cloudfront.net/public/images/audio-default.png","type":"Image","format":"image/png"}],"items":[{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/164457/file/299349/content/1","type":"AnnotationPage","items":[{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/164457/file/299349/content/1/annotation/1","type":"Annotation","motivation":"painting","body":{"id":"https://aviary-p-thebreman.s3.wasabisys.com/collection_resource_files/resource_files/000/299/349/original/GORTATOWSKY_HELEN.mp3?1766868324","type":"Audio","format":"audio/mpeg","duration":7092.14041,"width":640,"height":360},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/164457/file/299349","metadata":[]}]}],"annotations":[{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/164457/file/299349/transcript/88053","type":"AnnotationPage","label":{"en":["Gortatowsky, Helen [Transcript]"]},"items":[{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/164457/file/299349/transcript/88053/annotation/1","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eALPERT:\u003c/strong\u003e I am interviewing Mrs. Helen Gortatowsky in her home on August 12, 1987. Mrs. Gortatowsky, what was your maiden name?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/164457/file/299349#t=1.0,16.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/164457/file/299349/transcript/88053/annotation/2","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eGORTATOWSKY:\u003c/strong\u003e Helen Bauer.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/164457/file/299349#t=16.0,20.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/164457/file/299349/transcript/88053/annotation/3","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eALPERT:\u003c/strong\u003e I usually like to start by asking people about their background. You did tell me that you were born in Atlanta [Georgia]. Were your folks also born here?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/164457/file/299349#t=20.0,31.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/164457/file/299349/transcript/88053/annotation/4","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eGORTATOWSKY:\u003c/strong\u003e My mother was born in Atlanta. My father was born in Bavaria [Germany] and came to the United States as a teenage boy. Incidentally, I was born in the stadium parking lot, in what is now the Atlanta Stadium parking lot.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/164457/file/299349#t=31.0,50.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/164457/file/299349/transcript/88053/annotation/5","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eALPERT:\u003c/strong\u003e Oh, I see. How did your father get from Bavaria to Atlanta?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/164457/file/299349#t=50.0,57.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/164457/file/299349/transcript/88053/annotation/6","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eGORTATOWSKY:\u003c/strong\u003e It was not direct. He came into the port of Philadelphia [Pennsylvania] as so many German immigrants did. He went originally to Little Rock, Arkansas. I don't understand that, but I have to think it was probably because of a job, because he did not know people there. [He] came to Atlanta, I believe, because he met other German immigrants who had settled here.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/164457/file/299349#t=57.0,94.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/164457/file/299349/transcript/88053/annotation/7","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eALPERT:\u003c/strong\u003e How old was he when he arrived here?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/164457/file/299349#t=94.0,96.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/164457/file/299349/transcript/88053/annotation/8","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eGORTATOWSKY:\u003c/strong\u003e Eighteen, when he arrived in Atlanta.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/164457/file/299349#t=96.0,98.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/164457/file/299349/transcript/88053/annotation/9","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eALPERT:\u003c/strong\u003e Yes.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/164457/file/299349#t=98.0,99.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/164457/file/299349/transcript/88053/annotation/10","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eGORTATOWSKY:\u003c/strong\u003e In his early 20's.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/164457/file/299349#t=99.0,102.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/164457/file/299349/transcript/88053/annotation/11","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eALPERT:\u003c/strong\u003e How did he meet your mother?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/164457/file/299349#t=102.0,105.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/164457/file/299349/transcript/88053/annotation/12","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eGORTATOWSKY:\u003c/strong\u003e My father met my mother in what in those days was a fairly closed Jewish society. All the Atlanta Jews knew all the others. There weren't that many of them. My father had been married before. As a matter of fact, he was married originally in Atlanta. My father was married in Atlanta the first time also, and he had a son, Roy Bauer, whose mother died when Roy was six years old. When he was 10 years old, my father and mother were married. My mother was the only mother that he ever remembered. Roy was killed in one of the last battles of World War I and is buried at Verdun [France]. In my hallway, which I can show you, is the Croix de Guerre which he was awarded by the French government. His name is also on the memorial plaque that stands in the little park at Pershing Point.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/164457/file/299349#t=105.0,192.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/164457/file/299349/transcript/88053/annotation/13","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eALPERT:\u003c/strong\u003e Oh, goodness. Your mother grew up here.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/164457/file/299349#t=192.0,197.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/164457/file/299349/transcript/88053/annotation/14","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eGORTATOWSKY:\u003c/strong\u003e My mother was born on Forsyth Street.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/164457/file/299349#t=197.0,200.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/164457/file/299349/transcript/88053/annotation/15","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eALPERT:\u003c/strong\u003e Her folks, did they come from Europe, or had they been here much longer?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/164457/file/299349#t=200.0,209.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/164457/file/299349/transcript/88053/annotation/16","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eGORTATOWSKY:\u003c/strong\u003e They also came from Europe as very young people, but they moved to Atlanta from Philadelphia. That's an interesting story. My great grandparents came to Atlanta with children, a good many children, and there were no public schools in Atlanta and they . . .","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/164457/file/299349#t=209.0,235.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/164457/file/299349/transcript/88053/annotation/17","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eALPERT:\u003c/strong\u003e . . . Would you happen to know the year?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/164457/file/299349#t=235.0,237.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/164457/file/299349/transcript/88053/annotation/18","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eGORTATOWSKY:\u003c/strong\u003e It was in the late 1850's or middle 1850's, I guess. They could not afford a tutor, so they moved to Newnan, Georgia, because Newnan had a school. I really shouldn't say Atlanta didn't have public schools. They didn't have a school. They moved to Newnan and couldn't make a living in Newnan, so they moved back to Atlanta. At the outbreak of the Civil War, my great grandparents, my grandmother's parents and that family, moved back to Philadelphia. They stayed . . . there until after the Civil War. Shortly after the Civil War, my grandmother and my grandfather were married. My grandfather, Isaac Guthman, had stayed in Atlanta all that time and was in the Confederate Army. I can show you a couple of mementos of that also hanging in my hallway.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/164457/file/299349#t=237.0,310.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/164457/file/299349/transcript/88053/annotation/19","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eALPERT:\u003c/strong\u003e Maybe later.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/164457/file/299349#t=310.0,311.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/164457/file/299349/transcript/88053/annotation/20","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eGORTATOWSKY:\u003c/strong\u003e Yes, and my family's been here ever since.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/164457/file/299349#t=311.0,318.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/164457/file/299349/transcript/88053/annotation/21","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eALPERT:\u003c/strong\u003e That's a wonderful long history, despite the moving around early on.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/164457/file/299349#t=318.0,324.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/164457/file/299349/transcript/88053/annotation/22","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eGORTATOWSKY:\u003c/strong\u003e Yes.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/164457/file/299349#t=324.0,325.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/164457/file/299349/transcript/88053/annotation/23","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eALPERT:\u003c/strong\u003e What kind of work did your grandfather do?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/164457/file/299349#t=325.0,331.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/164457/file/299349/transcript/88053/annotation/24","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eGORTATOWSKY:\u003c/strong\u003e Do you know? I don't know. It certainly must have been something because they had nine children. My grandmother died in childbirth at age 38 after having had nine children. But they had lots of family in Atlanta who apparently were very supportive.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/164457/file/299349#t=331.0,357.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/164457/file/299349/transcript/88053/annotation/25","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eALPERT:\u003c/strong\u003e You would think with nine children that would be necessary.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/164457/file/299349#t=357.0,360.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/164457/file/299349/transcript/88053/annotation/26","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eGORTATOWSKY:\u003c/strong\u003e All of those nine children didn't live to adulthood either. There were diphtheria epidemics and measles epidemics that washed away . . . two or three of the children who are buried in Oakland Cemetery.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/164457/file/299349#t=360.0,378.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/164457/file/299349/transcript/88053/annotation/27","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eALPERT:\u003c/strong\u003e Your . . . mother was here and your father after he came, after the death of his first wife, married your mother.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/164457/file/299349#t=378.0,387.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/164457/file/299349/transcript/88053/annotation/28","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eGORTATOWSKY:\u003c/strong\u003e Right.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/164457/file/299349#t=387.0,388.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/164457/file/299349/transcript/88053/annotation/29","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eALPERT:\u003c/strong\u003e What kind of work did he do? Would you happen to know . . . approximately the year?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/164457/file/299349#t=388.0,398.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/164457/file/299349/transcript/88053/annotation/30","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eGORTATOWSKY:\u003c/strong\u003e They were married in 1906. My father at that time had a grocery store on Whitehall Street. He left there shortly after and became the manager of the Standard Club. We lived in an apartment in the club which was on Washington Street . . . until I was nine years old and then my father went with the Prudential Insurance Company. He worked for the Prudential until his death in January of 1931.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/164457/file/299349#t=398.0,443.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/164457/file/299349/transcript/88053/annotation/31","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eALPERT:\u003c/strong\u003e How was it living? Can you remember living in the Standard Club in an apartment there?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/164457/file/299349#t=443.0,453.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/164457/file/299349/transcript/88053/annotation/32","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eGORTATOWSKY:\u003c/strong\u003e I remember it pretty well. The main things I think made it different, I did not go to public school because I would have had to walk across Capitol Avenue, which had two streetcar lines, and my mother was afraid for me to cross the tracks. The Immaculate Conception Academy was directly across the street from the club, so I went to the Immaculate Conception Academy. Where incidentally they taught reading phonetically when nobody else in Atlanta did.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/164457/file/299349#t=453.0,499.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/164457/file/299349/transcript/88053/annotation/33","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eALPERT:\u003c/strong\u003e That's interesting.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/164457/file/299349#t=499.0,502.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/164457/file/299349/transcript/88053/annotation/34","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eGORTATOWSKY:\u003c/strong\u003e I did not go to public school until I was nine years old and we moved away from the club.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/164457/file/299349#t=502.0,509.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/164457/file/299349/transcript/88053/annotation/35","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eALPERT:\u003c/strong\u003e Did that going to the parochial school . . . how did that mix with your being Jewish? Do you recall?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/164457/file/299349#t=509.0,520.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/164457/file/299349/transcript/88053/annotation/36","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eGORTATOWSKY:\u003c/strong\u003e It seemed to make absolutely no difference. I remember distinctly the nuns were really very kind and the first thing in the morning was a catechism and I didn't, I stayed in my seat while the Catholic children lined up against the wall to say the catechism. But there were several children who were not Catholics and we just sat in our seat, and it really made no difference. The nuns made no attempt to teach religion to anyone but the Catholic children. We were all on very good terms because when there were big parties at the club, my father used to take remains over to the nuns for which they were very grateful.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/164457/file/299349#t=520.0,577.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/164457/file/299349/transcript/88053/annotation/37","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eALPERT:\u003c/strong\u003e I can imagine.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/164457/file/299349#t=577.0,579.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/164457/file/299349/transcript/88053/annotation/38","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eGORTATOWSKY:\u003c/strong\u003e I'll tell you something else. Next to the convent lived the Mrs. Rebecca Felton, who became well known in Georgia because she was a senator for two days or something like that. She was appointed to fill a vacancy, and I think she served something like two days before . . . the fill-in election.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/164457/file/299349#t=579.0,610.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/164457/file/299349/transcript/88053/annotation/39","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eALPERT:\u003c/strong\u003e Was this before women could vote or after?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/164457/file/299349#t=610.0,616.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/164457/file/299349/transcript/88053/annotation/40","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eGORTATOWSKY:\u003c/strong\u003e . . . I am ignorant, I'm ashamed to say. I don't know when the amendment passed that gave the women the ballot, but I believe women could vote then.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/164457/file/299349#t=616.0,625.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/164457/file/299349/transcript/88053/annotation/41","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eALPERT:\u003c/strong\u003e At that time.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/164457/file/299349#t=625.0,626.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/164457/file/299349/transcript/88053/annotation/42","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eGORTATOWSKY:\u003c/strong\u003e Yes. I seem to remember my mother voting as long as I can remember.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/164457/file/299349#t=626.0,632.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/164457/file/299349/transcript/88053/annotation/43","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eALPERT:\u003c/strong\u003e I think it was around World War II that women got the vote.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/164457/file/299349#t=632.0,638.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/164457/file/299349/transcript/88053/annotation/44","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eGORTATOWSKY:\u003c/strong\u003e Oh, not World War II.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/164457/file/299349#t=638.0,641.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/164457/file/299349/transcript/88053/annotation/45","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eALPERT:\u003c/strong\u003e I'm sorry, World War I.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/164457/file/299349#t=641.0,642.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/164457/file/299349/transcript/88053/annotation/46","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eGORTATOWSKY:\u003c/strong\u003e Yes, and this was after World War I. But not long after.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/164457/file/299349#t=642.0,652.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/164457/file/299349/transcript/88053/annotation/47","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eALPERT:\u003c/strong\u003e That was really something.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/164457/file/299349#t=652.0,656.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/164457/file/299349/transcript/88053/annotation/48","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eGORTATOWSKY:\u003c/strong\u003e Yes, it was, it really was. I remember still how she looked. A little old lady in long black clothes, that's all I remember.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/164457/file/299349#t=656.0,666.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/164457/file/299349/transcript/88053/annotation/49","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eALPERT:\u003c/strong\u003e In your home, in your parents' home I should say, were they Reform, were they Orthodox, were they part of any synagogue? What, in other words, what was the religious tone?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/164457/file/299349#t=666.0,690.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/164457/file/299349/transcript/88053/annotation/50","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eGORTATOWSKY:\u003c/strong\u003e Yes, my parents belonged to The Temple. As a matter of fact, my grandfather and my great grandfather were among the founding members. We lived what I think was a routine Reform Jewish life in Atlanta. My parents went to weekly services, and I remember my mother wouldn't let me cut out paper dolls or sew on Saturday. But we did not observe many of the home ceremonies that are today routine with my children and with almost all of us. But . . . religion always played an important part in their life and my mother told me that although the congregation was always set up as a Reform temple, that the backgrounds of all of the founders were such that they still observed many rules that have since passed away with everybody but really . . . Orthodox Jews. She said that for instance they went to temple services on Saturday. Then they went to Oakland Cemetery to visit their mother's grave and that they always had to walk because they weren't allowed to ride on Saturday and that one of the homely things that she always remembered, their grandparents lived next door to this motherless family, and they weren't allowed to tear the toilet paper on Saturday. They had to do that on Friday to prepare for the Sabbath. Yet they omitted other things . . . I think this is the way habits are formed. You do the things that fit in and the things that don't you forget about.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/164457/file/299349#t=690.0,834.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/164457/file/299349/transcript/88053/annotation/51","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eALPERT:\u003c/strong\u003e That I had not heard before.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/164457/file/299349#t=834.0,837.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/164457/file/299349/transcript/88053/annotation/52","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eGORTATOWSKY:\u003c/strong\u003e No.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/164457/file/299349#t=837.0,838.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/164457/file/299349/transcript/88053/annotation/53","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eALPERT:\u003c/strong\u003e They could flush the toilets and turning on water.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/164457/file/299349#t=838.0,840.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/164457/file/299349/transcript/88053/annotation/54","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eGORTATOWSKY:\u003c/strong\u003e Yes and turn the lights on. This is what I'm saying. It wasn't a consistent deal because I believed that they had belonged to the so-called Reform congregations in Europe. Wasn't a departure.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/164457/file/299349#t=840.0,858.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/164457/file/299349/transcript/88053/annotation/55","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eALPERT:\u003c/strong\u003e The Reform movement started in . . .","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/164457/file/299349#t=858.0,863.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/164457/file/299349/transcript/88053/annotation/56","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eGORTATOWSKY:\u003c/strong\u003e . . . Germany.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/164457/file/299349#t=863.0,864.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/164457/file/299349/transcript/88053/annotation/57","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eALPERT:\u003c/strong\u003e How about holidays, were they observed in your home either at the club or when you moved away from it?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/164457/file/299349#t=864.0,872.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/164457/file/299349/transcript/88053/annotation/58","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eGORTATOWSKY:\u003c/strong\u003e Oh yes. I never went to school on the Jewish holidays, and they were observed, but even things like a seder were not universally observed in most Reform Jewish households, as I recall it. I used to go to a seder. My aunt, Mrs. Henry Bauer, used to always invite me because her father, Mr. Steinheimer . . . David Steinheimer, who was one of the really patriarchs of the congregation always had a seder and all the family children always [went].","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/164457/file/299349#t=872.0,923.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/164457/file/299349/transcript/88053/annotation/59","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eALPERT:\u003c/strong\u003e Would you say that the Jewish atmosphere in your home was [it] casual or loving or all encompassing or routine? How would you characterize it in your parents' home?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/164457/file/299349#t=923.0,943.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/164457/file/299349/transcript/88053/annotation/60","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eGORTATOWSKY:\u003c/strong\u003e I suspect I would have to call it more or less routine, but it was a routine all right, because as I said, until I was really a big girl, I didn't use a scissors or a needle and so forth on Saturday, and we went to services. Sometimes I went reluctantly, but reforms were maintained. I don't think that the emphasis on what the [Leo] Frank case did to Atlanta is exaggerated because I think it reminded this group in which he lived, which included my parents, as you just saw, kept them always mindful of their Jewishness. I think they did a good deal to preserve it, because it was very important to the community that the Jewish community would not be too intimidated.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/164457/file/299349#t=943.0,1020.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/164457/file/299349/transcript/88053/annotation/61","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eALPERT:\u003c/strong\u003e From the letter that you showed me, and we hope we'll get a copy of it.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/164457/file/299349#t=1020.0,1024.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/164457/file/299349/transcript/88053/annotation/62","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eGORTATOWSKY:\u003c/strong\u003e You will.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/164457/file/299349#t=1024.0,1026.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/164457/file/299349/transcript/88053/annotation/63","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eALPERT:\u003c/strong\u003e It seems as though Mr. Frank was a good friend of the family.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/164457/file/299349#t=1026.0,1031.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/164457/file/299349/transcript/88053/annotation/64","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eGORTATOWSKY:\u003c/strong\u003e When he was in prison in Atlanta, my mother used to take him his Friday night dinner. I think if I remember, he refers to it in the letter that he missed. He didn't?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/164457/file/299349#t=1031.0,1044.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/164457/file/299349/transcript/88053/annotation/65","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eALPERT:\u003c/strong\u003e I didn't read it.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/164457/file/299349#t=1044.0,1045.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/164457/file/299349/transcript/88053/annotation/66","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eGORTATOWSKY:\u003c/strong\u003e Maybe he didn't. I can't remember. But they were good friends, yes.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/164457/file/299349#t=1045.0,1053.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/164457/file/299349/transcript/88053/annotation/67","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eALPERT:\u003c/strong\u003e Then I'm sure the whole thing must have been terribly upsetting in your family. You were a little baby at that time.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/164457/file/299349#t=1053.0,1061.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/164457/file/299349/transcript/88053/annotation/68","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eGORTATOWSKY:\u003c/strong\u003e Yes, that's right","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/164457/file/299349#t=1061.0,1062.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/164457/file/299349/transcript/88053/annotation/69","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eALPERT:\u003c/strong\u003e You wouldn't remember it.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/164457/file/299349#t=1062.0,1063.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/164457/file/299349/transcript/88053/annotation/70","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eGORTATOWSKY:\u003c/strong\u003e No, but I remember it was a subject of conversation, even into the years that I remember distinctly. My parents were not sentimental people. I have a feeling that this letter must have been the last, and this is why it was kept and no others were because there obviously had been earlier correspondence when he asked, sending stamps again and so forth. I have a feeling. I didn't know this letter existed until after my mother's death. It was put away carefully and when I went through her things I found this letter.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/164457/file/299349#t=1063.0,1112.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/164457/file/299349/transcript/88053/annotation/71","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eALPERT:\u003c/strong\u003e It certainly is a treasure to keep then.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/164457/file/299349#t=1112.0,1115.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/164457/file/299349/transcript/88053/annotation/72","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eGORTATOWSKY:\u003c/strong\u003e I understand that it is because I believe that most of his correspondence was destroyed. Rabbi Rothschild, Jack Rothschild, asked me to give this letter to Hebrew Union College. He found out quite accidentally at a dinner party that I had one. What he said was that Hebrew Union College was doing a study on antisemitism in America and that one of their big problems was that there was no prime material from Leo Frank. I said, \"I have a letter.\" He wanted me to give it to them, but my son and daughter-in-law wanted the letter and so I sent a copy, a Hebrew Union copy.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/164457/file/299349#t=1115.0,1175.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/164457/file/299349/transcript/88053/annotation/73","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eALPERT:\u003c/strong\u003e That is something. The effects of the whole incident and horror, I'm sure reverberated in the Jewish community for . . .","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/164457/file/299349#t=1175.0,1190.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/164457/file/299349/transcript/88053/annotation/74","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eGORTATOWSKY:\u003c/strong\u003e That's right, but of course I was one year old when it happened, and I suspect that I wasn't really very concerned with it until I was perhaps in my teens. I don't think children paid too much attention.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/164457/file/299349#t=1190.0,1204.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/164457/file/299349/transcript/88053/annotation/75","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eALPERT:\u003c/strong\u003e Did you personally feel any antisemitism as a child?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/164457/file/299349#t=1204.0,1209.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/164457/file/299349/transcript/88053/annotation/76","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eGORTATOWSKY:\u003c/strong\u003e No, I've been very fortunate. Not in a Catholic school, not in the public schools.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/164457/file/299349#t=1209.0,1218.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/164457/file/299349/transcript/88053/annotation/77","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eALPERT:\u003c/strong\u003e You went to high school also at public school.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/164457/file/299349#t=1218.0,1220.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/164457/file/299349/transcript/88053/annotation/78","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eGORTATOWSKY:\u003c/strong\u003e I went to public school all the way through.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/164457/file/299349#t=1220.0,1225.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/164457/file/299349/transcript/88053/annotation/79","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eALPERT:\u003c/strong\u003e Tell me, did you get married right after school or did you work?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/164457/file/299349#t=1225.0,1229.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/164457/file/299349/transcript/88053/annotation/80","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eGORTATOWSKY:\u003c/strong\u003e I was old when I married. I really was. I went to Vanderbilt University for four years, came out in the depression, and thanks to the good offices of Mr. Walter Rich, I went to work at Rich's. When I tell young people today that I was a Phi Beta Kappa graduate of a good university and went to work for $12 a week, they find it incredible. But I was very lucky, I had a job and lots of people I knew did not.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/164457/file/299349#t=1229.0,1274.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/164457/file/299349/transcript/88053/annotation/81","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eALPERT:\u003c/strong\u003e . . . What was your major in college?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/164457/file/299349#t=1274.0,1278.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/164457/file/299349/transcript/88053/annotation/82","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eGORTATOWSKY:\u003c/strong\u003e I was a philosophy major, but I never took the big exam because at the end of my junior year I was just really tired of going to school and I wanted something different. At Vanderbilt if you had enough quality credits to graduate you could get your hourly credits in one of the professional schools and . . . you were a senior in absentia. I went to law school for one year simply because I really was just tired of the old 76 and decided I'd wanted something different.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/164457/file/299349#t=1278.0,1325.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/164457/file/299349/transcript/88053/annotation/83","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eALPERT:\u003c/strong\u003e Did you ever complete a law degree?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/164457/file/299349#t=1325.0,1328.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/164457/file/299349/transcript/88053/annotation/84","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eGORTATOWSKY:\u003c/strong\u003e I had no intention of ever doing anything else. I was just giving myself a change of scene.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/164457/file/299349#t=1328.0,1336.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/164457/file/299349/transcript/88053/annotation/85","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eALPERT:\u003c/strong\u003e You never really used that knowledge.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/164457/file/299349#t=1336.0,1339.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/164457/file/299349/transcript/88053/annotation/86","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eGORTATOWSKY:\u003c/strong\u003e Never.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/164457/file/299349#t=1339.0,1344.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/164457/file/299349/transcript/88053/annotation/87","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eALPERT:\u003c/strong\u003e When you went to college, it was in the . . .","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/164457/file/299349#t=1344.0,1348.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/164457/file/299349/transcript/88053/annotation/88","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eGORTATOWSKY:\u003c/strong\u003e I graduated in 1935.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/164457/file/299349#t=1348.0,1349.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/164457/file/299349/transcript/88053/annotation/89","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eALPERT:\u003c/strong\u003e In 1935. At that time, I think most of the professions open to women in general - nursing, teaching, maybe social work. Were there others? Were you interested in anything?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/164457/file/299349#t=1349.0,1368.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/164457/file/299349/transcript/88053/annotation/90","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eGORTATOWSKY:\u003c/strong\u003e I think most professions were open to a slight degree. I think had I chosen to go on to law school; it wouldn't have been too big a deal to get a job. But that's just speculation. I really couldn't afford to go on to school anymore and really didn't want to because I had gone to law school only because I was tired.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/164457/file/299349#t=1368.0,1394.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/164457/file/299349/transcript/88053/annotation/91","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eALPERT:\u003c/strong\u003e I'd like to get to something else. I've heard that there was a tremendous fire in Atlanta. Either just before or . . . during World War I. Were you a youngster?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/164457/file/299349#t=1394.0,1411.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/164457/file/299349/transcript/88053/annotation/92","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eGORTATOWSKY:\u003c/strong\u003e That's one of my earliest memories. Absolutely. I have only two memories of that period of my life, which I know is natural. I believe they say you at about five you erase your past memories. But yes, I was living at the Standard Club then. I had a black nurse because my mother was deeply involved in the running of the club also. She took me out, I guess on the streetcar, because we didn't have a car, to Piedmont Park. When the fire broke out, my parents were frantic and they managed on foot and . . . by hitching rides with people who were coming along to get to Piedmont Park where they found us sitting on a bank that is now right behind, I guess it was then too, right behind the Piedmont Driving Club, watching the fire, which was only blocks away of course. I remember that, and I remember going to Fort McPherson when my half-brother Roy was stationed there. I remember that mostly because I saw an Indian in full feathered headdress. I really think it's probably the only time in my life I ever did. But I remember that, that's it.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/164457/file/299349#t=1411.0,1519.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/164457/file/299349/transcript/88053/annotation/93","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eALPERT:\u003c/strong\u003e . . . Was your family affected by the fire?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/164457/file/299349#t=1519.0,1524.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/164457/file/299349/transcript/88053/annotation/94","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eGORTATOWSKY:\u003c/strong\u003e No way.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/164457/file/299349#t=1524.0,1525.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/164457/file/299349/transcript/88053/annotation/95","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eALPERT:\u003c/strong\u003e Didn't touch . . .","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/164457/file/299349#t=1525.0,1526.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/164457/file/299349/transcript/88053/annotation/96","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eGORTATOWSKY:\u003c/strong\u003e . . . No one.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/164457/file/299349#t=1526.0,1528.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/164457/file/299349/transcript/88053/annotation/97","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eALPERT:\u003c/strong\u003e That's good. Another thing in Atlanta history that I think you may know about, I know that Sam Massell at one point was mayor, and he was . . .","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/164457/file/299349#t=1528.0,1541.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/164457/file/299349/transcript/88053/annotation/98","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eGORTATOWSKY:\u003c/strong\u003e That's recent history.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/164457/file/299349#t=1541.0,1543.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/164457/file/299349/transcript/88053/annotation/99","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eALPERT:\u003c/strong\u003e I'm newer to Atlanta than that, alright. I was wondering, he was Jewish. When was it that he was mayor? Let's get approximately.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/164457/file/299349#t=1543.0,1559.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/164457/file/299349/transcript/88053/annotation/100","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eGORTATOWSKY:\u003c/strong\u003e Now you test my memory. Let's see. We've had; I guess it was probably about 15 years ago. Because well not quite that far. We had Maynard Jackson after that for two terms, and we've had Andrew Young for a term and a half. I guess when he ran was approximately . . . 12, 15 years ago.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/164457/file/299349#t=1559.0,1597.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/164457/file/299349/transcript/88053/annotation/101","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eALPERT:\u003c/strong\u003e Isn't it unusual for there to be a Jewish mayor in a Southern city?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/164457/file/299349#t=1597.0,1603.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/164457/file/299349/transcript/88053/annotation/102","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eGORTATOWSKY:\u003c/strong\u003e Very unusual.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/164457/file/299349#t=1603.0,1608.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/164457/file/299349/transcript/88053/annotation/103","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eALPERT:\u003c/strong\u003e Did you know him? Did your family know him?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/164457/file/299349#t=1608.0,1609.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/164457/file/299349/transcript/88053/annotation/104","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eGORTATOWSKY:\u003c/strong\u003e Oh yes. I know him. His sister is married to a relative of mine. I've known him since he was a child. Not intimately, but I've certainly known him.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/164457/file/299349#t=1609.0,1623.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/164457/file/299349/transcript/88053/annotation/105","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eALPERT:\u003c/strong\u003e Was he accepted by the majority of Atlantans? He must have been to be voted in.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/164457/file/299349#t=1623.0,1629.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/164457/file/299349/transcript/88053/annotation/106","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eGORTATOWSKY:\u003c/strong\u003e Yes, he was. He had a well-known name, and the family had contributed considerably to the growth of Atlanta, so it wasn't as if they were springing an unknown. He had been vice mayor, you see, under Ivan Allen, which was a singularly successful mayoralty. He was not a stranger, but it was unusual. I think it was a real accomplishment because I recall he didn't particularly shake the foundations and he got along well with the business community. This is the main thing that a mayor has to do unfortunately.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/164457/file/299349#t=1629.0,1688.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/164457/file/299349/transcript/88053/annotation/107","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eALPERT:\u003c/strong\u003e After college and your year of law school, you were working at Rich's. Did you work there after you were married also or?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/164457/file/299349#t=1688.0,1697.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/164457/file/299349/transcript/88053/annotation/108","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eGORTATOWSKY:\u003c/strong\u003e I worked there only about a year after I was married. I worked at Rich's for 14 years. I will tell you [it] explains both marriages to you because it's quick. I was married twice. Julian Gortatowsky was my second husband. We had known each other 53 years when we married. My first husband was Joseph Abraham, who I had met . . . [tape stops and resumes]","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/164457/file/299349#t=1697.0,1739.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/164457/file/299349/transcript/88053/annotation/109","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eALPERT:\u003c/strong\u003e You were saying you had been married twice.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/164457/file/299349#t=1739.0,1742.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/164457/file/299349/transcript/88053/annotation/110","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eGORTATOWSKY:\u003c/strong\u003e Twice. When I went to my 50th reunion at Vanderbilt University two years ago, before the reunion they sent out a rather silly questionnaire, I thought. One of the silly questions was what was the most important thing that you did at Vanderbilt University? I wrote them back the most important thing I did was meet not one, but two husbands at Vanderbilt. They liked that and in all the literature that came afterwards it was quoted not with my name I'm happy to say, but I did meet Joe Abraham and Julian Gortatowsky when I entered Vanderbilt University. Neither one were Atlanta natives and both ended up here.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/164457/file/299349#t=1742.0,1803.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/164457/file/299349/transcript/88053/annotation/111","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eALPERT:\u003c/strong\u003e Julian Abraham.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/164457/file/299349#t=1803.0,1805.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/164457/file/299349/transcript/88053/annotation/112","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eGORTATOWSKY:\u003c/strong\u003e Joseph Abraham died in 1973.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/164457/file/299349#t=1805.0,1810.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/164457/file/299349/transcript/88053/annotation/113","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eALPERT:\u003c/strong\u003e What . . . did he die from?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/164457/file/299349#t=1810.0,1813.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/164457/file/299349/transcript/88053/annotation/114","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eGORTATOWSKY:\u003c/strong\u003e He died riding a bicycle on Paces Ferry Road. He was a wonderful athlete, and he'd never had a heart attack in his life. He had a fatal heart attack on riding the bicycle on Paces Ferry.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/164457/file/299349#t=1813.0,1828.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/164457/file/299349/transcript/88053/annotation/115","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eALPERT:\u003c/strong\u003e Oh my.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/164457/file/299349#t=1828.0,1829.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/164457/file/299349/transcript/88053/annotation/116","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eGORTATOWSKY:\u003c/strong\u003e He would ride that bike every day and on weekends maybe 50 or 75 miles.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/164457/file/299349#t=1829.0,1835.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/164457/file/299349/transcript/88053/annotation/117","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eALPERT:\u003c/strong\u003e Did you also ride?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/164457/file/299349#t=1835.0,1836.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/164457/file/299349/transcript/88053/annotation/118","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eGORTATOWSKY:\u003c/strong\u003e No. Never rode a bicycle in my life. My parents wouldn't let me. I was raised in the neighborhood of street cars and so forth.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/164457/file/299349#t=1836.0,1848.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/164457/file/299349/transcript/88053/annotation/119","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eALPERT:\u003c/strong\u003e What kind of work did he do?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/164457/file/299349#t=1848.0,1851.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/164457/file/299349/transcript/88053/annotation/120","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eGORTATOWSKY:\u003c/strong\u003e Joe was a, they were both attorneys.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/164457/file/299349#t=1851.0,1859.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/164457/file/299349/transcript/88053/annotation/121","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eALPERT:\u003c/strong\u003e Was he involved in any famous cases here in Atlanta?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/164457/file/299349#t=1859.0,1865.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/164457/file/299349/transcript/88053/annotation/122","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eGORTATOWSKY:\u003c/strong\u003e No. He was primarily a real property lawyer. He did a great deal of professional writing, which was professionally published, but no. Nothing that made very interesting reading.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/164457/file/299349#t=1865.0,1888.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/164457/file/299349/transcript/88053/annotation/123","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eALPERT:\u003c/strong\u003e You have one child that I know of.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/164457/file/299349#t=1888.0,1891.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/164457/file/299349/transcript/88053/annotation/124","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eGORTATOWSKY:\u003c/strong\u003e I have only one child.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/164457/file/299349#t=1891.0,1898.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/164457/file/299349/transcript/88053/annotation/125","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eALPERT:\u003c/strong\u003e You did not work very much for money after your marriage?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/164457/file/299349#t=1898.0,1903.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/164457/file/299349/transcript/88053/annotation/126","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eGORTATOWSKY:\u003c/strong\u003e No. I worked for about a year . . . at Rich's. No, I worked longer than that at Rich's. I worked three years at Rich's after I was married and then I guess about 1955, four, five, six, I forget which year it was, I worked for one year for the American Jewish Committee as a professional. I have to put professional in quotes because I certainly wasn't very professional. I think one of the best things I did for them was to encourage them to hire a full-time professional. What I did was when something had to be done, I tried to do it, but it was not a full-time job. The nearest real professional was in Miami [Florida], and we were considered in the Miami district. After my year there, they did hire a full-time professional, which I was strongly in favor of. Then about 19, let's see 1963, I went to work part-time at the Atlanta Merchandise Mart. I went in to help someone out for four days and I stayed at various jobs there for 20 years part-time. Two days a week and every day during the big trade shows. I loved it, and it was just right. It was enough to be stimulating and no responsibility to carry home as I had had when I worked for Rich's. The person I worked for went out of business and I tried very hard to get another part-time job. I could have got a full-time job, but not a part-time one, because we were in that sort of a recession in the early 1980's and part-time means that you need more help than your regular people can do and there wasn't any. I did not want; I would not have taken a full-time job. I was married to Julian Gortatowsky at that point and it was just as well that I didn't get a job because a few months later he was ill . . . and was bed ridden for some months and died and I would not have worked during that period anyway so here I am that's my work story. But I've worked 34 years of my life.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/164457/file/299349#t=1903.0,2120.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/164457/file/299349/transcript/88053/annotation/127","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eALPERT:\u003c/strong\u003e You say when you worked at Rich's you carried home responsibilities. What kind of work did you do there?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/164457/file/299349#t=2120.0,2127.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/164457/file/299349/transcript/88053/annotation/128","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eGORTATOWSKY:\u003c/strong\u003e I worked as a salesperson the first couple of years and then I was an assistant buyer for a very brief time and then I was a buyer. While you literally didn't bring the store home with you, if you had to make your plans and your budgets and your projects and so forth, so you didn't entirely forget it. You never forget, beat the day when you work in a department store.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/164457/file/299349#t=2127.0,2156.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/164457/file/299349/transcript/88053/annotation/129","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eALPERT:\u003c/strong\u003e I'm sure. Then you've got quite a varied work history, and it sounds . . .","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/164457/file/299349#t=2156.0,2163.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/164457/file/299349/transcript/88053/annotation/130","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eGORTATOWSKY:\u003c/strong\u003e . . . Most of my work history except that one year at American Jewish Committee has been in merchandise.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/164457/file/299349#t=2163.0,2171.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/164457/file/299349/transcript/88053/annotation/131","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eALPERT:\u003c/strong\u003e True. In your home, yours and your husband's what kind of Jewish flavor was there? Was it strictly Reform and pro forma?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/164457/file/299349#t=2171.0,2189.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/164457/file/299349/transcript/88053/annotation/132","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eGORTATOWSKY:\u003c/strong\u003e Yes. I think that . . . neither Joe nor I had any tremendously deep religious feelings. I think my feeling is more what I would term historic than spiritual. Joe had grown up in a small town where there was no rabbi. Huntsville, Alabama, which is a city now, but it was a village when he lived there. He used to say, he had the only all English bar mitzvah in history because there was no one to coach him on the Hebrew and his parents wanted him to be bar mitzvah. But we did most of the traditional type things when our child was growing up because we both felt that children need to be able to make a choice of lifestyles and they needed to know something about religious observances. I must say I'm much less observant now that I'm old than I was in those days because I did what I thought I should do.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/164457/file/299349#t=2189.0,2275.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/164457/file/299349/transcript/88053/annotation/133","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eALPERT:\u003c/strong\u003e But your son was bar mitzvah or . . .","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/164457/file/299349#t=2275.0,2278.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/164457/file/299349/transcript/88053/annotation/134","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eGORTATOWSKY:\u003c/strong\u003e There were no bar mitzvah in The Temple in those days. Jack Rothschild used to say, and I think he was right that it was more bar than mitzvah. My grandsons all are going to be bar mitzvah, but I'm inclined to think that it is frequently more bar than mitzvah.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/164457/file/299349#t=2278.0,2303.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/164457/file/299349/transcript/88053/annotation/135","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eALPERT:\u003c/strong\u003e In your adult years, did you run into any personal antisemitism?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/164457/file/299349#t=2303.0,2310.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/164457/file/299349/transcript/88053/annotation/136","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eGORTATOWSKY:\u003c/strong\u003e I've just been very lucky. I think we all have possibly things you're not included in, or you may have neighbors who are very pleasant neighbors and don't care to include you in their social life. But I can't say that I did. In the years, when I was a homeowner and lived in a house with both marriages, I was very, very lucky with my neighborhoods because I had neighbors always that included us in parties and in festivities. I'm still on very good terms with some of my old neighbors that go way back, so I think I've just been lucky. I know that there's plenty of antisemitism in Atlanta, but I've been lucky because I haven't experienced it.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/164457/file/299349#t=2310.0,2374.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/164457/file/299349/transcript/88053/annotation/137","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eALPERT:\u003c/strong\u003e Do you know if your son experienced any while he was growing up?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/164457/file/299349#t=2374.0,2378.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/164457/file/299349/transcript/88053/annotation/138","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eGORTATOWSKY:\u003c/strong\u003e Oh, I don't think so, not at all. No. He's still friendly with . . . some of his Christian friends from school days in Atlanta. They're spread all over the United States, of course, but . . .","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/164457/file/299349#t=2378.0,2398.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/164457/file/299349/transcript/88053/annotation/139","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eALPERT:\u003c/strong\u003e Did he go to public school?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/164457/file/299349#t=2398.0,2400.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/164457/file/299349/transcript/88053/annotation/140","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eGORTATOWSKY:\u003c/strong\u003e Yes, he went through public school the entire time. Sometimes we didn't think there was going to be a public school, but there always was . . . When desegregation was first ordered and there was a debate about whether the schools were going to be kept open or not, but they were.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/164457/file/299349#t=2400.0,2422.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/164457/file/299349/transcript/88053/annotation/141","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eALPERT:\u003c/strong\u003e You have lived through so many changes in Atlanta.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/164457/file/299349#t=2422.0,2428.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/164457/file/299349/transcript/88053/annotation/142","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eGORTATOWSKY:\u003c/strong\u003e Oh yes.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/164457/file/299349#t=2428.0,2432.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/164457/file/299349/transcript/88053/annotation/143","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eALPERT:\u003c/strong\u003e Could you talk about them in the sense . . . Did they affect you? Do you think it's good or not so good?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/164457/file/299349#t=2432.0,2440.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/164457/file/299349/transcript/88053/annotation/144","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eGORTATOWSKY:\u003c/strong\u003e I think like most people that grew up in Atlanta . . . we all say life is more difficult.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/164457/file/299349#t=2440.0,2449.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/164457/file/299349/transcript/88053/annotation/145","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eALPERT:\u003c/strong\u003e Now.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/164457/file/299349#t=2449.0,2450.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/164457/file/299349/transcript/88053/annotation/146","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eGORTATOWSKY:\u003c/strong\u003e Yes, only because you have more people and more distance to contend with. In many ways, I think Atlanta's a much, much better city than it was in my youth. It's more open, it's more understanding, particularly of minorities, but it's less convenient. My son and his family moved back to Atlanta only last week, and they didn't really move to Atlanta. They lived 17 miles from me. This is what I mean about less convenient. Twenty-five years ago they would have lived five minutes from me no matter where they were.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/164457/file/299349#t=2450.0,2498.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/164457/file/299349/transcript/88053/annotation/147","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eALPERT:\u003c/strong\u003e It's gotten much bigger.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/164457/file/299349#t=2498.0,2504.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/164457/file/299349/transcript/88053/annotation/148","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eGORTATOWSKY:\u003c/strong\u003e But everything changes.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/164457/file/299349#t=2504.0,2505.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/164457/file/299349/transcript/88053/annotation/149","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eALPERT:\u003c/strong\u003e Everything living changes.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/164457/file/299349#t=2505.0,2509.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/164457/file/299349/transcript/88053/annotation/150","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eGORTATOWSKY:\u003c/strong\u003e Exactly. You can't diagonize over the inconveniences of living in a big city because this is what it is. Atlanta's now a big city.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/164457/file/299349#t=2509.0,2524.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/164457/file/299349/transcript/88053/annotation/151","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eALPERT:\u003c/strong\u003e I understand, and I'm among them that there's been an influx of people from everywhere else in the United States now living in Atlanta. Do you think that's good, bad or indifferent for Atlanta?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/164457/file/299349#t=2524.0,2539.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/164457/file/299349/transcript/88053/annotation/152","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eGORTATOWSKY:\u003c/strong\u003e I think this is a phenomenon of the whole United States, particularly any business oriented city, which Atlanta certainly is.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/164457/file/299349#t=2539.0,2553.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/164457/file/299349/transcript/88053/annotation/153","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eALPERT:\u003c/strong\u003e That's true.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/164457/file/299349#t=2553.0,2555.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/164457/file/299349/transcript/88053/annotation/154","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eGORTATOWSKY:\u003c/strong\u003e I don't really think about that much. That's the way it is.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/164457/file/299349#t=2555.0,2564.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/164457/file/299349/transcript/88053/annotation/155","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eALPERT:\u003c/strong\u003e Some people are annoyed by it, and some people think it's going to . . .","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/164457/file/299349#t=2564.0,2566.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/164457/file/299349/transcript/88053/annotation/156","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eGORTATOWSKY:\u003c/strong\u003e . . . What are you going to do?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/164457/file/299349#t=2566.0,2568.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/164457/file/299349/transcript/88053/annotation/157","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eALPERT:\u003c/strong\u003e I don't know.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/164457/file/299349#t=2568.0,2569.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/164457/file/299349/transcript/88053/annotation/158","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eGORTATOWSKY:\u003c/strong\u003e I could be annoyed I'm having four office towers built behind my lovely porch here, but nothing I can do about it except move.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/164457/file/299349#t=2569.0,2587.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/164457/file/299349/transcript/88053/annotation/159","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eALPERT:\u003c/strong\u003e Something on the tip of my tongue to ask you about. It'll come back to me, I'm sure . . . You think the growth of Atlanta has been good in terms of being a broader city.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/164457/file/299349#t=2587.0,2606.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/164457/file/299349/transcript/88053/annotation/160","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eGORTATOWSKY:\u003c/strong\u003e Yes, I do. I think we don't have many of the social problems that more provincial Southern cities have. After all, you can't have an almost total black government and carry on the prejudicial acts that used to happen . . . It's an impossibility, so it has to be good to that degree.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/164457/file/299349#t=2606.0,2652.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/164457/file/299349/transcript/88053/annotation/161","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eALPERT:\u003c/strong\u003e That's an interesting point. Your families lived here both before and after the Civil War. What was their relationship with blacks slaves then?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/164457/file/299349#t=2652.0,2667.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/164457/file/299349/transcript/88053/annotation/162","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eGORTATOWSKY:\u003c/strong\u003e They never had any slaves. They were not in a category that could afford plantations and slaves. They always had black servants. In my youth, we had a black maid and I remember them well. My mother always had good personal relationships. What I mean to say is I don't think she would have ever asked anybody who worked with her to do things that she wouldn't have been willing to do herself. We always had good relationships, no problems. I . . . used to in the early years of my marriage, I used to go once a year to Meridian, Mississippi where my mother-in-law lived. I felt as if I was stepping backwards in time because even that long ago, there was such a difference in the attitude that Atlantans had toward black persons than I found in Mississippi. It was just unbelievable to me, and not only that, the lifestyles were so different, and this was before school desegregation even. She moved eventually because age forced her to move to where . . . her daughter lived. But we went to Meridian for a good many years once a year and I always found it was unbelievable.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/164457/file/299349#t=2667.0,2801.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/164457/file/299349/transcript/88053/annotation/163","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eALPERT:\u003c/strong\u003e Was it a small town then? Meridian.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/164457/file/299349#t=2801.0,2805.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/164457/file/299349/transcript/88053/annotation/164","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eGORTATOWSKY:\u003c/strong\u003e Yes, I don't guess it's so big. I haven't been there forever, and I never expect to go back because I have no reason to, but it was a city that had wealth and lovely homes, and I never saw any industry. I always wondered and still do what kept it humming. In the early 1930's and in the late 1930's and early 1940's. I knew people in Mississippi, who had what I presume could be called a plantation. They were cotton farms and . . . the people made a great deal of money on it and while I never had any firsthand observation of what happened, you could gather what went down on in that area. At the Republican Convention and well, the Democratic Convention I guess it was where the Mississippi delegates were challenged by a black group. I'm trying to think of the name, what it was. Fannie Hamer, I think, who became very famous on television and radio because she challenged the life of the Delta. But I never have seen a plantation in my life.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/164457/file/299349#t=2805.0,2904.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/164457/file/299349/transcript/88053/annotation/165","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eALPERT:\u003c/strong\u003e It seems you've grown up in a city atmosphere rather than in a small town or country. Would you say that in cities and urban settings that people tend to be more accepting of other . . .","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/164457/file/299349#t=2904.0,2923.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/164457/file/299349/transcript/88053/annotation/166","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eGORTATOWSKY:\u003c/strong\u003e . . . I feel sure that this is true because you have daily contacts with persons of all lifestyles.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/164457/file/299349#t=2923.0,2941.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/164457/file/299349/transcript/88053/annotation/167","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eALPERT:\u003c/strong\u003e When you worked, was your son then small or growing up?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/164457/file/299349#t=2941.0,2946.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/164457/file/299349/transcript/88053/annotation/168","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eGORTATOWSKY:\u003c/strong\u003e No, I . . . worked for 14 years at Rich's, and I stayed home for 14 years. He was about 14 years old when I went to work part-time at the Merchandise Mall and I didn't really realize I was going to work at that point. I was the man that came to dinner.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/164457/file/299349#t=2946.0,2967.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/164457/file/299349/transcript/88053/annotation/169","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eALPERT:\u003c/strong\u003e What did your husband think of your working, even part-time?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/164457/file/299349#t=2967.0,2970.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/164457/file/299349/transcript/88053/annotation/170","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eGORTATOWSKY:\u003c/strong\u003e Joe was delighted. He was a feminist. He even wrote a magazine article once about preparing wives for widowhood. He was always appalled at how little women knew about their husband's affairs. He was a very open minded person.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/164457/file/299349#t=2970.0,3001.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/164457/file/299349/transcript/88053/annotation/171","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eALPERT:\u003c/strong\u003e He was not angry or upset that you went to work.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/164457/file/299349#t=3001.0,3005.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/164457/file/299349/transcript/88053/annotation/172","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eGORTATOWSKY:\u003c/strong\u003e He was delighted . . . We were very, very good friends. We had been friends, you see, for college and for years before we married because World War II got very much in our way. He was . . .","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/164457/file/299349#t=3005.0,3022.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/164457/file/299349/transcript/88053/annotation/173","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eALPERT:\u003c/strong\u003e . . . World War II?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/164457/file/299349#t=3022.0,3023.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/164457/file/299349/transcript/88053/annotation/174","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eGORTATOWSKY:\u003c/strong\u003e Yes. See, he was in India during World War II. We were old when we married and we've been friends for years. We knew each other . . . In the Army. US Air Corp.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/164457/file/299349#t=3023.0,3045.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/164457/file/299349/transcript/88053/annotation/175","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eALPERT:\u003c/strong\u003e Didn't think of India as being an active part of World War II.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/164457/file/299349#t=3045.0,3050.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/164457/file/299349/transcript/88053/annotation/176","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eGORTATOWSKY:\u003c/strong\u003e Yes, the Air Corp kept airfields open in India. He happened to be in . . . Delhi [India] near the Taj Mahal. But we were older than we would have been. I think we would . . . but he was a very open-minded person. I think he would have thought it was rather foolish for me not to take a job if it interested me. I never, I must confess I've never been very interested in organization activities. I belonged to loads of them, from the Jewish one to the National Wildlife Federation to the United Negro Fund and all a zillion of them, but I'm not a valuable member. I don't participate much. I . . . think that I worked for so many years where you went to a meeting and things got done bang, bang, bang, and there wasn't a lot of talking about it. People did it and that was it. I'm not very patient at meetings. I don't go to meetings.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/164457/file/299349#t=3050.0,3136.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/164457/file/299349/transcript/88053/annotation/177","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eALPERT:\u003c/strong\u003e I'm sure that your contribution if there was any financial contribution was welcome.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/164457/file/299349#t=3136.0,3142.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/164457/file/299349/transcript/88053/annotation/178","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eGORTATOWSKY:\u003c/strong\u003e That's true and until last year I always loved to work at the [indistinct: 52:29: possibly:Baranorah]. I think it's an absolutely fascinating phenomenon what you see. I couldn't work last spring for the first time ever because I was having some severe back problems and you have to be able to be on your feet and lift a little bit and do whatever. But I'm not an active organization person.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/164457/file/299349#t=3142.0,3176.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/164457/file/299349/transcript/88053/annotation/179","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eALPERT:\u003c/strong\u003e But you mentioned earlier that you had been doing some volunteer work, reading for the organization.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/164457/file/299349#t=3176.0,3184.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/164457/file/299349/transcript/88053/annotation/180","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eGORTATOWSKY:\u003c/strong\u003e Yes, I did that through council actually.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/164457/file/299349#t=3184.0,3188.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/164457/file/299349/transcript/88053/annotation/181","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eALPERT:\u003c/strong\u003e Could you tell me about it?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/164457/file/299349#t=3188.0,3190.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/164457/file/299349/transcript/88053/annotation/182","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eGORTATOWSKY:\u003c/strong\u003e Yes . . . That project is no longer in existence because I believe they worked in conjunction with the National Organization for the Blind. It was set up I think in a more professional way, and this is . . . why council eventually . . . It wasn't necessary to be done anymore. But I read textbooks when the Atlanta Public School integrated their blind children into regular classrooms, they needed the regular text. Previous to that they could use the text that were provided by the National Foundation for the Blind. But when they were . . . not in separate classes, they had to have the same books that all of the other children did. That's when council started reading textbooks onto tapes and into records. It was records originally.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/164457/file/299349#t=3190.0,3264.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/164457/file/299349/transcript/88053/annotation/183","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eALPERT:\u003c/strong\u003e Were these textbooks for which age classes?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/164457/file/299349#t=3264.0,3269.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/164457/file/299349/transcript/88053/annotation/184","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eGORTATOWSKY:\u003c/strong\u003e The ones I worked on originally were grammar school. The last time I did one, I think it was after council was very actively involved in this, but they were looking for someone to read a book called Understanding Poetry onto a tape for a girl who was at Oglethorpe University. That's the hardest thing I ever did because there was a great deal about scansion in it.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/164457/file/299349#t=3269.0,3309.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/164457/file/299349/transcript/88053/annotation/185","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eALPERT:\u003c/strong\u003e Scansion?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/164457/file/299349#t=3309.0,3310.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/164457/file/299349/transcript/88053/annotation/186","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eGORTATOWSKY:\u003c/strong\u003e Scanning poetry. When you can't see all those little marks and accents, I always wondered how much she could understand about it. I loved doing it. One of the authors had been the best teacher I ever had in all my life, and it was a pleasure to be able to put some of his work into a form that it was available to the blind. All of these things that you read for the blind go into the national libraries eventually, so they are available to more than the one person for whom you're doing the work. But I haven't done that in years, not in years. Because as I said, council stopped that years ago.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/164457/file/299349#t=3310.0,3367.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/164457/file/299349/transcript/88053/annotation/187","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eALPERT:\u003c/strong\u003e Did you enjoy that?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/164457/file/299349#t=3367.0,3369.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/164457/file/299349/transcript/88053/annotation/188","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eGORTATOWSKY:\u003c/strong\u003e Yes, I loved it. I tried to work on the radio station that's operated for the blind down on First Christian Church. That's a marvelous work, but I could never get really into it because my voice wouldn't hold up. You see, you can't stop. If you're doing a book at home and you have the machine and your voice gives out, you turn it off and start another time. But when you're on radio, you have to keep going and my voice wouldn't hold up. I couldn't do it.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/164457/file/299349#t=3369.0,3414.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/164457/file/299349/transcript/88053/annotation/189","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eALPERT:\u003c/strong\u003e That's interesting.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/164457/file/299349#t=3414.0,3415.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/164457/file/299349/transcript/88053/annotation/190","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eGORTATOWSKY:\u003c/strong\u003e I do a little volunteer work now at Sarah Smith School. I work as a volunteer reading tutor.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/164457/file/299349#t=3415.0,3429.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/164457/file/299349/transcript/88053/annotation/191","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eALPERT:\u003c/strong\u003e Is that gratifying?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/164457/file/299349#t=3429.0,3431.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/164457/file/299349/transcript/88053/annotation/192","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eGORTATOWSKY:\u003c/strong\u003e It's tremendously gratifying if you have someone that you think progresses. I'm interested in doing it because in all my life I think reading is the activity that I enjoy more than anything. Always have and still do. It distresses me to think that children grow up without an ability to read well enough to enjoy it. This is a volunteer activity that seems to me that it's peering out also. But for a good reason, the school systems are providing professional remedial readers on a daily basis to the schools now and there is one at Sarah Smith. I know that fortunately the children who need it the most are getting a professional. Many of the children that volunteers work with really only need some one-on-one attention. They have started reasonably well on the road to reading but need more than a classroom teacher can give.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/164457/file/299349#t=3431.0,3509.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/164457/file/299349/transcript/88053/annotation/193","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eALPERT:\u003c/strong\u003e Yet I still hear on the television requests, calls for volunteer to tutor in reading, also.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/164457/file/299349#t=3509.0,3519.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/164457/file/299349/transcript/88053/annotation/194","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eGORTATOWSKY:\u003c/strong\u003e This is mostly for adults, and I wish I could do this. I feel very bad about it, that I can't. But most adult tutoring is at night. I don't think I am equal to getting myself to some of the areas where the classes are held at night. I really am apprehensive about it.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/164457/file/299349#t=3519.0,3562.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/164457/file/299349/transcript/88053/annotation/195","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eALPERT:\u003c/strong\u003e That's very understandable I think. Tell me . . . you've lived in Atlanta all your life, have you traveled, besides to Meridian, Mississippi?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/164457/file/299349#t=3562.0,3577.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/164457/file/299349/transcript/88053/annotation/196","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eGORTATOWSKY:\u003c/strong\u003e Yes, I've traveled a great deal. My college days were in Nashville, Tennessee, and Nashville is still one of the places that I love to go. I'm very fortunate, I still have some good friends there. It always interested me; Nashville's a big city now and a busy city. But when I went there I was fascinated to learn through the families of the natives whom I met, the . . . activities and the standard of . . . the city was so different from Atlanta, which has been intensely commercial my entire life. I know I was amazed to find that most of the young Jewish women, if you were anybody, ended up in belonging to one of two literary societies which still are active. I know in Atlanta nobody would have cared whether you belonged to a literary society, you didn't. In that community this was a very important thing. But I travel a lot. My son lived for the 14 years he's been married . . . See, I was old when he was born.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/164457/file/299349#t=3577.0,3670.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/164457/file/299349/transcript/88053/annotation/197","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eALPERT:\u003c/strong\u003e How old were you? You would keep saying, \"I was old.\"","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/164457/file/299349#t=3670.0,3673.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/164457/file/299349/transcript/88053/annotation/198","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eGORTATOWSKY:\u003c/strong\u003e I was 35. I think that's old to start a family. I think this is why we ended up with one child instead of more. Don't you think it's old to start a family? It isn't today; in my day it was.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/164457/file/299349#t=3673.0,3693.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/164457/file/299349/transcript/88053/annotation/199","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eALPERT:\u003c/strong\u003e My daughter started at 34.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/164457/file/299349#t=3693.0,3694.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/164457/file/299349/transcript/88053/annotation/200","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eGORTATOWSKY:\u003c/strong\u003e That's right. Today . . . this happens, but it was very unusual in those days. Most of my contemporaries have college age or married grandchildren. I have little grammar school age grandchildren, in both families. I have a stepdaughter whom I'm very fond of. Her parents were my friends, and I've known her since birth and we're really happily very close. She lives in New Haven.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/164457/file/299349#t=3694.0,3726.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/164457/file/299349/transcript/88053/annotation/201","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eALPERT:\u003c/strong\u003e Connecticut.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/164457/file/299349#t=3726.0,3727.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/164457/file/299349/transcript/88053/annotation/202","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eGORTATOWSKY:\u003c/strong\u003e That's right. My son lived for many years in Kingston, New York, and I used to go up there four or five times a year. I go to New Haven a couple of times. I used to combine the trips, now I have to take a special trip to New Haven. But I have traveled. In the early years of my marriage, we never took real trips, we'd take a few days or a week because my husband was on his own and he always was. You could go four or five times a year for a few days, but you couldn't be gone a long time. After our son was grown, we said, \"What the heck? What we miss, we miss. We're going to enjoy ourselves.\" We traveled a lot together. I have traveled between marriages; I traveled a lot and since Julian's death I've traveled a lot. I've traveled a lot in this country, and I have traveled a great deal in Europe, and I have been once to the Orient.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/164457/file/299349#t=3727.0,3805.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/164457/file/299349/transcript/88053/annotation/203","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eALPERT:\u003c/strong\u003e Have you ever been to Israel?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/164457/file/299349#t=3805.0,3807.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/164457/file/299349/transcript/88053/annotation/204","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eGORTATOWSKY:\u003c/strong\u003e Yes, I've been to Israel.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/164457/file/299349#t=3807.0,3809.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/164457/file/299349/transcript/88053/annotation/205","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eALPERT:\u003c/strong\u003e Approximately when?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/164457/file/299349#t=3809.0,3811.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/164457/file/299349/transcript/88053/annotation/206","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eGORTATOWSKY:\u003c/strong\u003e I know exactly. I went . . . in the fall of 1974.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/164457/file/299349#t=3811.0,3818.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/164457/file/299349/transcript/88053/annotation/207","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eALPERT:\u003c/strong\u003e What were your impressions?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/164457/file/299349#t=3818.0,3820.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/164457/file/299349/transcript/88053/annotation/208","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eGORTATOWSKY:\u003c/strong\u003e I was fascinated. I loved it. I went with my son and daughter-in-law. They had no children at that time. And my cousin Alene Uhry, who lives in Atlanta, and I went with them and we had a wonderful time. Alene had been once to Israel. My daughter-in-law had been once to Israel, but Robert and I had never been . . . It was crash course in ancient history as far as I was concerned. It was wonderful. I loved it. I thought it was a fascinating experience. I had contacts so that I was in people's homes. My Joe, my Abraham, my husband, had just died. He had a cousin from Zurich [Switzerland], the daughter of an extremely wealthy Swiss industrialist, had married an Israeli and lived in Israel. We were with them and heard a great deal about political life and things that you don't get through the organizations. My daughter-in-law had many relatives in Haifa [Israel]. When her grandparents came to this country from Vienna [Austria] during the [Adolf] Hitler period, her great uncle, who was a cardiologist, had no one to vouch for him in the United States, and he went to Palestine. There were five generations of his family there.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/164457/file/299349#t=3820.0,3940.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/164457/file/299349/transcript/88053/annotation/209","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eALPERT:\u003c/strong\u003e That's unusual.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/164457/file/299349#t=3940.0,3942.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/164457/file/299349/transcript/88053/annotation/210","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eGORTATOWSKY:\u003c/strong\u003e Yes, the young people left us in Tel Aviv [Israel] and went two days early to Haifa so she could meet . . . She had . . .  gone to Israel as a teenage girl just as a tourist and had met a lot of these people and she knew them. That was very interesting because you learn a great deal when you don't get it through official channels.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/164457/file/299349#t=3942.0,3972.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/164457/file/299349/transcript/88053/annotation/211","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eALPERT:\u003c/strong\u003e Then you were there for a few weeks.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/164457/file/299349#t=3972.0,3977.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/164457/file/299349/transcript/88053/annotation/212","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eGORTATOWSKY:\u003c/strong\u003e Two weeks. We went on council trip incidentally before ours.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/164457/file/299349#t=3977.0,3989.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/164457/file/299349/transcript/88053/annotation/213","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eALPERT:\u003c/strong\u003e In all your travels, do you have any favorite places or cities or countries where you've been or parts of the United States.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/164457/file/299349#t=3989.0,4000.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/164457/file/299349/transcript/88053/annotation/214","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eGORTATOWSKY:\u003c/strong\u003e I have a favorite place to travel and . . . my view is not very favorably received. But I'll quote my husband, Joe Abraham, who when someone criticized us for going to Spain during the [Francisco] Franco period, he said, \"If I . . . stayed away from a place because I didn't like the government, I couldn't go to Washington, D.C.\" Because at that point [Richard] Nixon was president and he had known Nixon in their college days. They were both at Duke University Law School at the same time. We went to Spain. But I enjoy traveling in France more than anywhere else I've ever been. To me it has something for everybody. I've traveled rather extensively in France. I'd love to go back. I doubt that I ever do . . . because there's so many other places I've never been and I don't have a lot of time to catch up on them.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/164457/file/299349#t=4000.0,4084.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/164457/file/299349/transcript/88053/annotation/215","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eALPERT:\u003c/strong\u003e You can never tell.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/164457/file/299349#t=4084.0,4087.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/164457/file/299349/transcript/88053/annotation/216","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eGORTATOWSKY:\u003c/strong\u003e But I've enjoyed everywhere I've traveled. I went out to California many times when I worked for Rich's. I went on business, but of course you can always snitch a little time and see something else or go spend your weekend there or something like that. But I had never been to the United States southwest until last year. I absolutely adored it.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/164457/file/299349#t=4087.0,4119.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/164457/file/299349/transcript/88053/annotation/217","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eALPERT:\u003c/strong\u003e How come you went last year, may I ask?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/164457/file/299349#t=4119.0,4122.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/164457/file/299349/transcript/88053/annotation/218","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eGORTATOWSKY:\u003c/strong\u003e Yes. I love to travel and I've often traveled with friends. I have some very generous friends who are still fortunate enough to be couples. They've been very kind about asking me to travel with them, and so a couple who were going to New Mexico for a week asked me, knew that I wanted to go. I had talked about that I'm going to, and I had taken a small trial trip by myself to Canada to see if I could stand my own company if I were . . . in a tour group and it worked. I went with them to New Mexico for a week. Then I . . . went on a tour to the Grand Canyon and Bryce and Zion. I was on a tour in New Mexico too, but I was with friends. Then I went to the . . . what's called the Canyon Lands group, and I thought it was the most fabulous scenery I have ever seen. I've been to Switzerland a number of times because Joe's family was Swiss. Whenever we went to Europe, they literally threw a fit if we didn't come to Switzerland, even when we had planned not to. We would find ourselves changing the trip at the end because somebody from Zurich would call every day, \"How can you be in Europe and not come to Switzerland?\" I've seen Swiss scenery, but I don't think I've ever seen anything that I think is this spectacular as Zion and Bryce and I flew into Monument Valley, which I just loved. You fly in, have you done that? You fly in on a little tiny plane. But it was a wonderful . . .","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/164457/file/299349#t=4122.0,4260.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/164457/file/299349/transcript/88053/annotation/219","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eALPERT:\u003c/strong\u003e We did that to Grand Canyon, that's all I've seen in that area.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/164457/file/299349#t=4260.0,4264.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/164457/file/299349/transcript/88053/annotation/220","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eGORTATOWSKY:\u003c/strong\u003e But I loved it. I hope I'll go back someday.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/164457/file/299349#t=4264.0,4268.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/164457/file/299349/transcript/88053/annotation/221","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eALPERT:\u003c/strong\u003e I wanted to ask something else. Most of your life, adult life, you've been married and you've traveled with a husband. You mentioned testing out about traveling alone and not with personal friends, whether it's on a tour or not. How did you find it? I think that might be helpful to other women who find themselves in the same boat.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/164457/file/299349#t=4268.0,4295.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/164457/file/299349/transcript/88053/annotation/222","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eGORTATOWSKY:\u003c/strong\u003e I decided I could stand myself for a week anytime. I was in Kingston with my son and his family for about five weeks. We were trying out an experiment that didn't work. They had urged me to rent a small apartment in Kingston and just keep it and spend more of my time in Kingston than I was. I was going up there about five times a year, but I never stay but a week in somebody else's home. My daughter-in-law always said that one of the pleasantest parts of her childhood was the time she could spend with her grandparents. She hated it so that her children grew up away from grandparents and great grandparents. Her own family was such a situation that it wasn't possible . . . They're much younger than I, her father's still working and there's a great grandmother who doesn't travel anymore. I was the candidate, and I did it. I rented an apartment. After about five weeks I was lucky to be able to get out of my lease. It just, I decided it wouldn't work for any of us. It was lovely when we were together. But I was used to a much more active social life than I could make there going as a relatively old person into a new community. I told them, if you go out a lot in the evening and I don't have anything to do, it's going to worry you as well as me. I think we're just going to leave things alone. But when I was up there, that seemed the perfect time to hook on to a one week trip to Canada. I had never been to Canada. I had been to the Orient and had never been to Canada, which seemed kind of silly. I had a lovely one week trip to Canada. It was an inadequate trip simply because there wasn't [enough time.] I had frustrations about what I couldn't see and couldn't do. But I found it worked out fine. I found that people are very nice to you when they know you're alone. Also, if you're busy sightseeing all day, all you want to do is at my point is have your dinner and read or watch the television or something in the evening, not go. It was very nice trip. I liked it so much that last summer I took my nine, he was nine then, my nine year old grandson to Montreal [Canada] for a few days. We had a very good time.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/164457/file/299349#t=4295.0,4494.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/164457/file/299349/transcript/88053/annotation/223","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eALPERT:\u003c/strong\u003e That has proved to be very interesting.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/164457/file/299349#t=4494.0,4501.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/164457/file/299349/transcript/88053/annotation/224","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eGORTATOWSKY:\u003c/strong\u003e But of course, my big travel, I used to go to Kingston about five times a year, so I'll be much more of a stay at home now.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/164457/file/299349#t=4501.0,4511.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/164457/file/299349/transcript/88053/annotation/225","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eALPERT:\u003c/strong\u003e Does your son work for IBM up there?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/164457/file/299349#t=4511.0,4513.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/164457/file/299349/transcript/88053/annotation/226","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eGORTATOWSKY:\u003c/strong\u003e Yes, he worked for there and here. My daughter-in-law too.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/164457/file/299349#t=4513.0,4520.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/164457/file/299349/transcript/88053/annotation/227","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eALPERT:\u003c/strong\u003e I imagine you're delighted that they're closer.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/164457/file/299349#t=4520.0,4524.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/164457/file/299349/transcript/88053/annotation/228","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eGORTATOWSKY:\u003c/strong\u003e I'm thrilled. It came as such a surprise to all of us that it was possible . . . IBM had never done the type of work that my son had done his entire working career. They'd never done any of this in Atlanta. All of a sudden they opened a new project here. When he heard about it, he . . . came down and talked to the people and asked for a transfer and received it.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/164457/file/299349#t=4524.0,4559.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/164457/file/299349/transcript/88053/annotation/229","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eALPERT:\u003c/strong\u003e That's good news.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/164457/file/299349#t=4559.0,4561.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/164457/file/299349/transcript/88053/annotation/230","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eGORTATOWSKY:\u003c/strong\u003e Yes, it was wonderful. It was so unexpected, it was marvelous.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/164457/file/299349#t=4561.0,4564.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/164457/file/299349/transcript/88053/annotation/231","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eALPERT:\u003c/strong\u003e I have a feeling that you're looking at your watch, and I know you have an appointment.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/164457/file/299349#t=4564.0,4573.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/164457/file/299349/transcript/88053/annotation/232","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eGORTATOWSKY:\u003c/strong\u003e I’ve still got time. It's all right if you have any other questions. I haven't done anything very momentous. I can tell you more about the scene than about myself because I haven't done anything . . .","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/164457/file/299349#t=4573.0,4587.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/164457/file/299349/transcript/88053/annotation/233","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eALPERT:\u003c/strong\u003e . . . You're a thinking person and you've reflected on.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/164457/file/299349#t=4587.0,4593.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/164457/file/299349/transcript/88053/annotation/234","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eGORTATOWSKY:\u003c/strong\u003e Thank you, I think I am.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/164457/file/299349#t=4593.0,4596.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/164457/file/299349/transcript/88053/annotation/235","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eALPERT:\u003c/strong\u003e That's important also because whether a woman has worked outside her home, inside her home only, she . . . helped to shape her family life. She certainly is aware of changes and such. For example, when you were growing up there was perhaps an Orthodox synagogue and The Temple. Maybe AA [Ahavath Achim] also.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/164457/file/299349#t=4596.0,4622.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/164457/file/299349/transcript/88053/annotation/236","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eGORTATOWSKY:\u003c/strong\u003e Oh, yes. There was AA, certainly. AA, I believe is the second oldest congregation. It started as an Orthodox congregation. As modern life intruded on religious practice, its congregation found that being a Conservative congregation suited their lifestyle better. They had courage enough to change, which is why it has been such a successful congregation, I feel sure. When I lived at the Standard Club, there was one house between the club and the AA, their Washington Street synagogue.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/164457/file/299349#t=4622.0,4677.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/164457/file/299349/transcript/88053/annotation/237","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eALPERT:\u003c/strong\u003e Did your family participate in that synagogue or did they go always to The Temple?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/164457/file/299349#t=4677.0,4682.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/164457/file/299349/transcript/88053/annotation/238","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eGORTATOWSKY:\u003c/strong\u003e No, went always to The Temple. But I had been inside of the synagogue when speakers of Jewish interest came, they usually used one of the synagogues as the meeting place.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/164457/file/299349#t=4682.0,4703.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/164457/file/299349/transcript/88053/annotation/239","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eALPERT:\u003c/strong\u003e I raise this about synagogues because now Atlanta seems to be blooming with synagogues. Every five years there seems to be a new one coming up.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/164457/file/299349#t=4703.0,4714.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/164457/file/299349/transcript/88053/annotation/240","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eGORTATOWSKY:\u003c/strong\u003e It's the funniest thing in the world to me, because when I heard that there was a congregation in Snellville [Georgia], I couldn't believe it. In my mind, Snellville is just redneck territory, and to find that Jews live in Snellville. When you grow up in a place . . . my friends still live geographically reasonably near to me now. My son doesn't. Take a 35-mile round trip when I go out there. But . . . when the Council of Jewish Women had a section in Stone Mountain, the home of the clan, this was a revelation. An amazement.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/164457/file/299349#t=4714.0,4778.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/164457/file/299349/transcript/88053/annotation/241","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eALPERT:\u003c/strong\u003e I know even since I've been here, which is nine years now, the Jewish population has increased tremendously in the last nine years. Also, I was beginning to be aware of Jews moving in these suburban areas where they had not been before.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/164457/file/299349#t=4778.0,4800.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/164457/file/299349/transcript/88053/annotation/242","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eGORTATOWSKY:\u003c/strong\u003e I know a lot of these people, most of them young who are in . . . I know people who are in three of the suburban congregations. My own young family is in the process of trying to decide which congregation they're going to join because they know that with three little boys who are going to have to be trained for bar mitzvah and all, they can't run into the center city for these classes. They are even now taught . . . They have friends who are relatives or acquaintances in several of the congregations that are near to where they live, and this is a decision they're going to have to make. Their decision I think will be ruled primarily by the religious school because right now that's their largest concern.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/164457/file/299349#t=4800.0,4861.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/164457/file/299349/transcript/88053/annotation/243","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eALPERT:\u003c/strong\u003e Young boys. Isn't it a good thing that there are so many [synagogues], I think last count of fifteen or seventeen synagogues in greater Atlanta.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/164457/file/299349#t=4861.0,4873.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/164457/file/299349/transcript/88053/annotation/244","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eGORTATOWSKY:\u003c/strong\u003e Personally, I think it's a little excessive.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/164457/file/299349#t=4873.0,4878.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/164457/file/299349/transcript/88053/annotation/245","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eALPERT:\u003c/strong\u003e Why?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/164457/file/299349#t=4878.0,4879.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/164457/file/299349/transcript/88053/annotation/246","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eGORTATOWSKY:\u003c/strong\u003e I think . . . I'm trying to think of the word I want to use. I think you have a little more cohesive congregation if you have a little more size, a little more people to do the work, a few more people to help pay the bills. It's a very expensive proposition. I think it's a shame when I hear, as I frequently do, of young couples who truly want to join a congregation and simply can't afford it. I think that to make religion that expensive, of course it's expensive in the big congregations too, but I do think that you have to have a certain number of families to be able to have support or perhaps to have anything resembling a library for the children to use and to have enough people to keep things going. But if there's anybody who's no authority on congregations, I'm the one. This is just a personal view which may have no value.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/164457/file/299349#t=4879.0,4964.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/164457/file/299349/transcript/88053/annotation/247","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eALPERT:\u003c/strong\u003e I asked for a personal view.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/164457/file/299349#t=4964.0,4965.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/164457/file/299349/transcript/88053/annotation/248","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eGORTATOWSKY:\u003c/strong\u003e That's it. I also think that it's a bad practice for a small group simply because they . . . don't like what a majority of the congregation is doing to decide to split off and make another. It seems to me you . . . be more religious to learn to live together than to separate.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/164457/file/299349#t=4965.0,4995.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/164457/file/299349/transcript/88053/annotation/249","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eALPERT:\u003c/strong\u003e The compromise. That's an angle. That's right. All right now, about the letter we would love to have a copy of.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/164457/file/299349#t=4995.0,5006.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/164457/file/299349/transcript/88053/annotation/250","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eGORTATOWSKY:\u003c/strong\u003e I promise you; I will send you a copy. Do you want me to send it to the council office or to you? I have my council directory.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/164457/file/299349#t=5006.0,5016.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/164457/file/299349/transcript/88053/annotation/251","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eALPERT:\u003c/strong\u003e This material gets turned into the American Jewish Committee.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/164457/file/299349#t=5016.0,5021.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/164457/file/299349/transcript/88053/annotation/252","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eGORTATOWSKY:\u003c/strong\u003e Does it?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/164457/file/299349#t=5021.0,5022.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/164457/file/299349/transcript/88053/annotation/253","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eALPERT:\u003c/strong\u003e Yes. Although it's a joint venture of the two.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/164457/file/299349#t=5022.0,5025.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/164457/file/299349/transcript/88053/annotation/254","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eGORTATOWSKY:\u003c/strong\u003e Do you want me to mail it to you so you can turn it in with the . . .","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/164457/file/299349#t=5025.0,5030.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/164457/file/299349/transcript/88053/annotation/255","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eALPERT:\u003c/strong\u003e . . . That would be great . . .","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/164457/file/299349#t=5030.0,5032.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/164457/file/299349/transcript/88053/annotation/256","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eGORTATOWSKY:\u003c/strong\u003e . . . With whatever you do with you do with this interview.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/164457/file/299349#t=5032.0,5036.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/164457/file/299349/transcript/88053/annotation/257","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eALPERT:\u003c/strong\u003e You mentioned to me that would be absolutely great.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/164457/file/299349#t=5036.0,5038.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/164457/file/299349/transcript/88053/annotation/258","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eGORTATOWSKY:\u003c/strong\u003e All right.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/164457/file/299349#t=5038.0,5039.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/164457/file/299349/transcript/88053/annotation/259","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eALPERT:\u003c/strong\u003e I'm sure it will be well treasured. I hope you'll get it to the document preservation center to keep it, although you've kept it very well or your family has kept it very well.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/164457/file/299349#t=5039.0,5051.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/164457/file/299349/transcript/88053/annotation/260","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eGORTATOWSKY:\u003c/strong\u003e As I told you, my mother died in 1944, and I had never seen it until I went through her things and found it. Folded up with some family photographs and pictures and things.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/164457/file/299349#t=5051.0,5070.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/164457/file/299349/transcript/88053/annotation/261","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eALPERT:\u003c/strong\u003e How were you and your family affected by World War II and Nazism and the Holocaust. Did you have family or did your husband have family overseas?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/164457/file/299349#t=5070.0,5085.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/164457/file/299349/transcript/88053/annotation/262","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eGORTATOWSKY:\u003c/strong\u003e I wasn't married during World War II. My father, who had long been gone, had relatives. My aunt brought one young man to this country. The rest of his family did not want to come here. They went to South Africa where they had other relatives. This young man went into the army and my aunt never heard from him again. He survived it. She found him because she had some of his things and which she shipped to him.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/164457/file/299349#t=5085.0,5136.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/164457/file/299349/transcript/88053/annotation/263","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eALPERT:\u003c/strong\u003e That's an unusual experience.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/164457/file/299349#t=5136.0,5138.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/164457/file/299349/transcript/88053/annotation/264","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eGORTATOWSKY:\u003c/strong\u003e Yes, it was. It was an unfortunate experience because she was a particularly kind and generous person. But you know, can't like everybody . . . I didn't care much for him. I didn't miss him. That he didn't come back to Atlanta suited me fine.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/164457/file/299349#t=5138.0,5163.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/164457/file/299349/transcript/88053/annotation/265","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eALPERT:\u003c/strong\u003e Then I presume you were working during that period.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/164457/file/299349#t=5163.0,5167.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/164457/file/299349/transcript/88053/annotation/266","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eGORTATOWSKY:\u003c/strong\u003e Oh yes, sure. I certainly was. It was a very, very busy time to work too, believe me. Merchandise was very scarce and it meant every 10 days or so going to New York on the train I might add.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/164457/file/299349#t=5167.0,5191.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/164457/file/299349/transcript/88053/annotation/267","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eALPERT:\u003c/strong\u003e They were crowded in those days too.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/164457/file/299349#t=5191.0,5193.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/164457/file/299349/transcript/88053/annotation/268","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eGORTATOWSKY:\u003c/strong\u003e They were. I like trains though.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/164457/file/299349#t=5193.0,5198.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/164457/file/299349/transcript/88053/annotation/269","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eALPERT:\u003c/strong\u003e I guess I'm trying to get a sense of how World War II really affected the Jewish community and you and Atlanta.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/164457/file/299349#t=5198.0,5210.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/164457/file/299349/transcript/88053/annotation/270","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eGORTATOWSKY:\u003c/strong\u003e I don't think it . . . In my view and I'm certainly no authority on the Jewish community, I don't think it affected the Jewish community any different than it affected the entire US community. It affected my life because Joe and I were married almost as soon as he came back from India. But if we hadn't been such slowpokes, quite possibly we would have married earlier on before that. But maybe it gelled us, made us make up our mind that the years were passing. But I don't think . . . I can't see where the Jewish community suffered or profited any more than the general community.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/164457/file/299349#t=5210.0,5275.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/164457/file/299349/transcript/88053/annotation/271","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eALPERT:\u003c/strong\u003e Atlanta's sort of an inland city, it's not on the coastline. I'm wondering how, obviously men were going off to be soldiers and sailors. But I'm wondering how much the sense of the war affected the city and its functioning or its business.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/164457/file/299349#t=5275.0,5298.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/164457/file/299349/transcript/88053/annotation/272","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eGORTATOWSKY:\u003c/strong\u003e Atlanta was . . . we had our time changed during World War II. We were on central time.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/164457/file/299349#t=5298.0,5309.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/164457/file/299349/transcript/88053/annotation/273","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eALPERT:\u003c/strong\u003e I didn't know that.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/164457/file/299349#t=5309.0,5310.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/164457/file/299349/transcript/88053/annotation/274","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eGORTATOWSKY:\u003c/strong\u003e We were right on the edge. You go no distance out of Atlanta today and you're in central time. We had to change to conform with Washington, D.C. time because, I think, it was the Fourth Army headquarters was in Atlanta . . . Atlanta was pretty much involved. But that was the main difference that we changed our time.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/164457/file/299349#t=5310.0,5355.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/164457/file/299349/transcript/88053/annotation/275","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eALPERT:\u003c/strong\u003e . . . Odd things of history that people don't think about too much. All right. At this point I'm really running out of . . .","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/164457/file/299349#t=5355.0,5369.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/164457/file/299349/transcript/88053/annotation/276","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eGORTATOWSKY:\u003c/strong\u003e . . . I say that I don't have any momentous things. I think we've done it.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/164457/file/299349#t=5369.0,5374.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/164457/file/299349/transcript/88053/annotation/277","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eALPERT:\u003c/strong\u003e If I find that something occurs to me that, \"Oh, I should have asked her.\" May I call you and arrange another appointment.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/164457/file/299349#t=5374.0,5386.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/164457/file/299349/transcript/88053/annotation/278","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eGORTATOWSKY:\u003c/strong\u003e Of course.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/164457/file/299349#t=5386.0,5387.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/164457/file/299349/transcript/88053/annotation/279","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eALPERT:\u003c/strong\u003e That has happened to me, I'll admit. Because sometimes I think slowly and sometimes you might remember something that . . .","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/164457/file/299349#t=5387.0,5397.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/164457/file/299349/transcript/88053/annotation/280","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eGORTATOWSKY:\u003c/strong\u003e Exactly.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/164457/file/299349#t=5397.0,5399.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/164457/file/299349/transcript/88053/annotation/281","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eALPERT:\u003c/strong\u003e I want to thank you very much for you for this.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/164457/file/299349#t=5399.0,5401.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/164457/file/299349/transcript/88053/annotation/282","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eGORTATOWSKY:\u003c/strong\u003e It's been a pleasure. I really was astonished when you telephoned me. I've known about this oral history thing for years because I hear of it and I do every now and then get involved in something that the American Jewish Committee is doing because I'm a long time member. But I have had a very uneventful life, so I was astonished when you called.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/164457/file/299349#t=5401.0,5438.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/164457/file/299349/transcript/88053/annotation/283","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eALPERT:\u003c/strong\u003e Very often people achieve something in their living that may not be make headlines and yet it's important for others to know about it and that's what we're trying to elicit out also. If you will give us permission to perhaps use the tape in our archives and library I know it'll be very valuable to historians and thank you very much. Today is . . . August 19 [1987] I'm have returned to Mrs. Helen Gortatowsky, who has very generously agreed to share with us her family tree. Mrs. Gortatowsky, how did you come by this record?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/164457/file/299349#t=5438.0,5500.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/164457/file/299349/transcript/88053/annotation/284","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eGORTATOWSKY:\u003c/strong\u003e My first cousin Henry Bauer got interested in his family tree and I share only one half of this and the one that I have here is only from the Bauer side of my family. It is the information that was sent to him by the burgermeister [German: mayor] of Buttenwiesen in Germany. Buttenwiesen is a tiny town in southern Bavaria. None of the information about the Bauer family in the United States is on the printed part. I have added my own family. I'm sure that Henry must have added his family on to the copy that he has, but he very generously had gave several of us a copy of this information that came from Germany.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/164457/file/299349#t=5500.0,5571.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/164457/file/299349/transcript/88053/annotation/285","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eALPERT:\u003c/strong\u003e How far back does it go?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/164457/file/299349#t=5571.0,5574.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/164457/file/299349/transcript/88053/annotation/286","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eGORTATOWSKY:\u003c/strong\u003e The first person who's mentioned on it was born in 1776. Died in 1838. There really are not many generations because apparently these people lived a very long time. Had many children.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/164457/file/299349#t=5574.0,5596.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/164457/file/299349/transcript/88053/annotation/287","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eALPERT:\u003c/strong\u003e How many? The first one.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/164457/file/299349#t=5596.0,5597.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/164457/file/299349/transcript/88053/annotation/288","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eGORTATOWSKY:\u003c/strong\u003e The first one, let me count them. Had eleven children and then had a second wife and had . . . Now wait a minute, I think I'm telling you something wrong. Yes, I'm going to change that. He had eleven children, period. The eleventh one happened to be my grandfather and he had seven children . . .","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/164457/file/299349#t=5597.0,5662.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/164457/file/299349/transcript/88053/annotation/289","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eALPERT:\u003c/strong\u003e [Tape 3] with Helen Gortatowsky. We were talking about your grandfather; he had had a second marriage.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/164457/file/299349#t=5662.0,5671.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/164457/file/299349/transcript/88053/annotation/290","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eGORTATOWSKY:\u003c/strong\u003e Which apparently came after my father had come to this country, but my father was a teenage boy, so that's doesn't seem too strange.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/164457/file/299349#t=5671.0,5694.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/164457/file/299349/transcript/88053/annotation/291","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eALPERT:\u003c/strong\u003e Did your father come without his family to this country?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/164457/file/299349#t=5694.0,5698.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/164457/file/299349/transcript/88053/annotation/292","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eGORTATOWSKY:\u003c/strong\u003e Yes. [He] came to escape the army.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/164457/file/299349#t=5698.0,5704.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/164457/file/299349/transcript/88053/annotation/293","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eALPERT:\u003c/strong\u003e That was going to be my next question.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/164457/file/299349#t=5704.0,5707.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/164457/file/299349/transcript/88053/annotation/294","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eGORTATOWSKY:\u003c/strong\u003e Which I know was a very, very usual reason for coming. He came before he was 18.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/164457/file/299349#t=5707.0,5721.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/164457/file/299349/transcript/88053/annotation/295","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eALPERT:\u003c/strong\u003e When he came, did he know anyone here or have any family on this side of the ocean?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/164457/file/299349#t=5721.0,5728.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/164457/file/299349/transcript/88053/annotation/296","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eGORTATOWSKY:\u003c/strong\u003e Yes, I think there were some connections. He had some very distant relatives who were in this country, but I don't believe he ever had any very close association with them.  My father died when I was 17 years old and I guess not any of us were as family background oriented as we are today. I . . . didn't ask enough questions I suspect because I don't know all of these answers. To me . . . the only particularly interesting part about this family tree is that it goes back so far and that German municipal governments kept the statistics while they were busy exterminating the families.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/164457/file/299349#t=5728.0,5806.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/164457/file/299349/transcript/88053/annotation/297","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eALPERT:\u003c/strong\u003e Amazing, really.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/164457/file/299349#t=5806.0,5807.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/164457/file/299349/transcript/88053/annotation/298","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eGORTATOWSKY:\u003c/strong\u003e I think it is. A young relative of mine went to Buttenwiesen a few years ago. She was on a bus or a train, I don't remember which, traveling through Germany, and she saw a sign that said, \"Buttenwiesen.\" She knew that her father would be interested if she could go there, which wasn't easy because it's still so small that no public transportation goes there, but she rented a car and drove down. One of the things, she went on a Sunday and almost everything was closed. But she went to the cemetery and saw graves of a number of these people who are listed on this family tree. Apparently the tombstones weren't destroyed [but] just the people.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/164457/file/299349#t=5807.0,5884.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/164457/file/299349/transcript/88053/annotation/299","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eALPERT:\u003c/strong\u003e Was the cemetery, an all Jewish cemetery?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/164457/file/299349#t=5884.0,5888.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/164457/file/299349/transcript/88053/annotation/300","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eGORTATOWSKY:\u003c/strong\u003e No, it was not because she said that . . . She had no information at hand, only what she could remember. She said about half of our tombstones had crosses. She decided though those were not family and perhaps the ones without the crosses were.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/164457/file/299349#t=5888.0,5912.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/164457/file/299349/transcript/88053/annotation/301","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eALPERT:\u003c/strong\u003e That is amazing. Do you know of anything more about any of the people mentioned, the large families they had?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/164457/file/299349#t=5912.0,5924.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/164457/file/299349/transcript/88053/annotation/302","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eGORTATOWSKY:\u003c/strong\u003e Not much. I don't know anything about most of the people. I know about my father's a little bit about my father's relatives who were left in Germany because in my childhood after World War I, my father used to pack up boxes of food and clothing and send them to Germany during those very difficult days after World War I. Of my own contemporaries, I know about a couple of them. One which I think who, the one young man whom I mentioned came to Atlanta, my aunt, Mrs. Henry Bauer, brought him to live with her, which was turned out rather strangely. I know about his sister, I've never seen her. She lives in South Africa, if she's still living. Another sister who did not want to come to the United States, she wanted to go to South Africa. I don't think she ever made it . . . Whatever became of her is totally unknown but that's about it.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/164457/file/299349#t=5924.0,6021.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/164457/file/299349/transcript/88053/annotation/303","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eALPERT:\u003c/strong\u003e Were those who had the very large families, eleven children, nine children, were they farmers?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/164457/file/299349#t=6021.0,6033.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/164457/file/299349/transcript/88053/annotation/304","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eGORTATOWSKY:\u003c/strong\u003e They were peasants as their name indicated. They were not farmers. My grandfather . . . they lived in the country, I know that. They had some crops, but I don't think they earned their living as farmers. Because my father used to tell me about how they made sauerkraut and such. Walked on the sauerkraut in white cotton socks.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/164457/file/299349#t=6033.0,6060.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/164457/file/299349/transcript/88053/annotation/305","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eALPERT:\u003c/strong\u003e Really?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/164457/file/299349#t=6060.0,6061.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/164457/file/299349/transcript/88053/annotation/306","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eGORTATOWSKY:\u003c/strong\u003e To pack it down, yes.  I know that this is not a strange procedure that was customary in those times in that area. But my grandfather, who was born in 1831 and died in 1897, was . . . a pferdhandler [German: horse handler], which my notes added, Henry's notes on here added says that he had a livery stable, a pferdhandler, a horse handler. I seem to have lost my German dictionary somewhere. I kind of remember lending it to somebody and I didn't get it back. But I know . . . that he has the notes here. The reason I wanted it because the first one listed Lazarus was a hausierer [German: peddler] handler. There's a note up here to tell me what it is and I can't read it.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/164457/file/299349#t=6061.0,6149.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/164457/file/299349/transcript/88053/annotation/307","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eALPERT:\u003c/strong\u003e May I try? Sure. Peddler, I think.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/164457/file/299349#t=6149.0,6162.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/164457/file/299349/transcript/88053/annotation/308","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eGORTATOWSKY:\u003c/strong\u003e Very well maybe. I haven't looked at this in years so the first time I go to the library I have to look up this word in the German dictionary.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/164457/file/299349#t=6162.0,6181.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/164457/file/299349/transcript/88053/annotation/309","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eALPERT:\u003c/strong\u003e Are your children interested in this?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/164457/file/299349#t=6181.0,6184.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/164457/file/299349/transcript/88053/annotation/310","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eGORTATOWSKY:\u003c/strong\u003e Not particularly. My grandson, I have a little grandson who's still a child, but I think he may be interested because he seems interested in family but I've never, I haven't showed it to him. He's just 10 years old and there's plenty of time.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/164457/file/299349#t=6184.0,6217.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/164457/file/299349/transcript/88053/annotation/311","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eALPERT:\u003c/strong\u003e Are any of your families still living in Bavaria?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/164457/file/299349#t=6217.0,6220.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/164457/file/299349/transcript/88053/annotation/312","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eGORTATOWSKY:\u003c/strong\u003e I haven't the faintest idea. I suspect with all these many children that . . . maybe someone escaped and maybe some of them were there. But except for his own brothers and sisters, my father had really no contact after he came to this country. He had good contact with his brothers and sisters. I know what became of the ones . . . the one brother came also to Atlanta and I know about the . . . brothers and sister who remained in Germany. They all died somewhere between World War I and World War II. One of my father's oldest brother's wife came to the United States after World War II. She was on her way . . . when war broke out and she was stranded in England where she was visiting her brother who had lived in England for many years. She spent the war years in Oxford, England, came to this country after that. She was quite an old lady and lived here I guess about 15 years and died in New York at a very advanced age. She was not a blood relative of mine. I was very fond of her, and we kept up with her. We knew her. She had been to the United States several times. I saw her a few times while she was living in New York. But I don't know anything more about any of them except my Bauer family in Atlanta, whom I keep up very closely.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/164457/file/299349#t=6220.0,6367.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/164457/file/299349/transcript/88053/annotation/313","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eALPERT:\u003c/strong\u003e How many, I . . . think I didn't even ask you earlier, how many brothers and sisters did you have?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/164457/file/299349#t=6367.0,6375.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/164457/file/299349/transcript/88053/annotation/314","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eGORTATOWSKY:\u003c/strong\u003e I had one half-brother, that's all. I believe we did mention that.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/164457/file/299349#t=6375.0,6379.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/164457/file/299349/transcript/88053/annotation/315","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eALPERT:\u003c/strong\u003e Yes, I apologize. You're right.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/164457/file/299349#t=6379.0,6383.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/164457/file/299349/transcript/88053/annotation/316","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eGORTATOWSKY:\u003c/strong\u003e But that was the extent of the family.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/164457/file/299349#t=6383.0,6390.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/164457/file/299349/transcript/88053/annotation/317","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eALPERT:\u003c/strong\u003e That's quite a treasure to have for the young ones coming up . . .","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/164457/file/299349#t=6390.0,6395.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/164457/file/299349/transcript/88053/annotation/318","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eGORTATOWSKY:\u003c/strong\u003e . . . I think it's interesting. I think it's only interesting because it was the home of the Holocaust that kept all these figures. I doubt seriously if you could write to the mayor of any city in the United States and get this kind of detailed information from their vital statistics.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/164457/file/299349#t=6395.0,6430.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/164457/file/299349/transcript/88053/annotation/319","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eALPERT:\u003c/strong\u003e I don't know. It depends on how long that particular place has been keeping vital statistics.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/164457/file/299349#t=6430.0,6435.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/164457/file/299349/transcript/88053/annotation/320","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eGORTATOWSKY:\u003c/strong\u003e That's right. That's true. But I think it's just so typically German to be so statistical and . . . to be such a record keeper.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/164457/file/299349#t=6435.0,6463.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/164457/file/299349/transcript/88053/annotation/321","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eALPERT:\u003c/strong\u003e That is lovely and I do appreciate your sharing it with us.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/164457/file/299349#t=6463.0,6466.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/164457/file/299349/transcript/88053/annotation/322","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eGORTATOWSKY:\u003c/strong\u003e You're very welcome.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/164457/file/299349#t=6466.0,6479.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/164457/file/299349/transcript/88053/annotation/323","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eALPERT:\u003c/strong\u003e . . . I can't think of anything else that I might have missed except perhaps some of your trips which we didn't talk about very much. You've been to Israel, I presume.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/164457/file/299349#t=6479.0,6491.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/164457/file/299349/transcript/88053/annotation/324","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eGORTATOWSKY:\u003c/strong\u003e Yes . . . I've been there one time. We talked about that. My trips have been a great pleasure to me, but I don't think there were anything very astonishing or very unusual.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/164457/file/299349#t=6491.0,6505.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/164457/file/299349/transcript/88053/annotation/325","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eALPERT:\u003c/strong\u003e Have you been to any unusual places or countries?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/164457/file/299349#t=6505.0,6514.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/164457/file/299349/transcript/88053/annotation/326","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eGORTATOWSKY:\u003c/strong\u003e No, I don't think so. What might perhaps be unusual for me isn't really very unusual in the scheme of things.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/164457/file/299349#t=6514.0,6532.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/164457/file/299349/transcript/88053/annotation/327","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eALPERT:\u003c/strong\u003e That doesn't matter.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/164457/file/299349#t=6532.0,6533.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/164457/file/299349/transcript/88053/annotation/328","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eGORTATOWSKY:\u003c/strong\u003e As broadly as people travel. No, I can't think that I've done anything very unusual. I had . . . in the summer of 1985, I had the least stereotype trip that I've ever taken. I went with a college friend, and we drove up through the middle of France from Marseille to [indistinct: 1:49:31: French city] and this meant traveling through areas where very little English was spoken. We stayed in one hotel for four nights, a charming place where the only person in the whole building who spoke English was a very helpful maid. That's the closest I've ever come to taking to an unusual trip. We couldn't even buy an English language newspaper for about 10 days, and we could keep up with really important world events with our limping French, but I know the first time that we were able to buy English newspapers we found that we had kept up pretty well. Maybe our French was better than we thought it was.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/164457/file/299349#t=6533.0,6643.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/164457/file/299349/transcript/88053/annotation/329","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eALPERT:\u003c/strong\u003e I'm sure your French improved during that period.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/164457/file/299349#t=6643.0,6648.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/164457/file/299349/transcript/88053/annotation/330","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eGORTATOWSKY:\u003c/strong\u003e . . . It really, it's amazing. I consider, to me, I think about this very often I'm sitting here with you, and I could hardly make an intelligible sentence in French if I chose to say something to you in French. But when you are dropped into a circumstance where you must express yourself somehow, some of the things that have been vocabulary and all that's been buried for 50 years comes back. Because most trips you don't really need anything but English. This was really the first time that I had ventured for any length of time into areas that definitely were off the beaten track.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/164457/file/299349#t=6648.0,6705.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/164457/file/299349/transcript/88053/annotation/331","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eALPERT:\u003c/strong\u003e Did you enjoy it?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/164457/file/299349#t=6705.0,6707.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/164457/file/299349/transcript/88053/annotation/332","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eGORTATOWSKY:\u003c/strong\u003e It was a wonderful trip. Marvelous. Lovely.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/164457/file/299349#t=6707.0,6712.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/164457/file/299349/transcript/88053/annotation/333","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eALPERT:\u003c/strong\u003e Would you take that type of trip where you go off the sort of beaten path again or elsewhere?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/164457/file/299349#t=6712.0,6722.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/164457/file/299349/transcript/88053/annotation/334","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eGORTATOWSKY:\u003c/strong\u003e I would love to, but I really doubt that I'm going to have much opportunity to do it because these are things that young people do so marvelously today and I'm so jealous that in my youth, we didn't have initiative or the money to do these things. But I think my physical situation is such that unless I had someone to go with I couldn't do it. Most of the persons with whom I've traveled are in the same situation, and our children are too busy.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/164457/file/299349#t=6722.0,6776.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/164457/file/299349/transcript/88053/annotation/335","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eALPERT:\u003c/strong\u003e . . . I'm curious to know what you think about the freedom to travel, the freedom to leave home, and start out on your own, of young people today as compared with when you were young and going to college.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/164457/file/299349#t=6776.0,6796.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/164457/file/299349/transcript/88053/annotation/336","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eGORTATOWSKY:\u003c/strong\u003e I think it's wonderful . . . I think they're very fortunate to have this opportunity. I don't think I was any different than the rest of my contemporaries. It never entered our heads that we should leave home and live alone when we were single. I keep repeating it, but I suspect all of us who were children in the depression think about it, it didn't enter our heads because it was physically impossible.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/164457/file/299349#t=6796.0,6840.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/164457/file/299349/transcript/88053/annotation/337","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eALPERT:\u003c/strong\u003e Financially impossible.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/164457/file/299349#t=6840.0,6841.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/164457/file/299349/transcript/88053/annotation/338","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eGORTATOWSKY:\u003c/strong\u003e That's what . . . I really mean. I meant financially. If your parents had an apartment and you had a bedroom there, you would have been considered really, I think, a little on the crazy side to go out and pay another rent, even if you could have done it, which I couldn't have done. But I think it's wonderful. I think they're very fortunate. It broadens their outlook. Because most of us have this long middle period where we're busy with jobs and families and then as we get older begin to do the more adventuresome things again. I think the fact that they've had these years of doing interesting things makes it much easier to do the mundane everyday things that you have to do.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/164457/file/299349#t=6841.0,6913.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/164457/file/299349/transcript/88053/annotation/339","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eALPERT:\u003c/strong\u003e Do you have other thoughts on the way children are being brought up now? Would you raise your son any differently, if he was young today and you were younger today, obviously.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/164457/file/299349#t=6913.0,6930.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/164457/file/299349/transcript/88053/annotation/340","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eGORTATOWSKY:\u003c/strong\u003e No, I don't think so. I can't see that my grandchildren are raised all that differently from their parents' generation. This may not be the usual thing, I don't know, but no, I don't have any comments on child raising. I think that's a very dangerous thing to talk about.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/164457/file/299349#t=6930.0,6976.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/164457/file/299349/transcript/88053/annotation/341","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eALPERT:\u003c/strong\u003e You may not have comments, but you probably have some thoughts.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/164457/file/299349#t=6976.0,6982.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/164457/file/299349/transcript/88053/annotation/342","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eGORTATOWSKY:\u003c/strong\u003e I don't see that in early childhood that there's very . . . I don't see much difference in what goes on. I do think probably with teenagers, [they] have so many more challenges, both good and bad, today. That perhaps you have to prepare a teenager a little bit better for what the outside world is all about. But I don't have any ideas on that so no. I'm just glad I don't have to face it.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/164457/file/299349#t=6982.0,7036.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/164457/file/299349/transcript/88053/annotation/343","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eALPERT:\u003c/strong\u003e In other words, you think it may be harder to be a parent and a teenager today.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/164457/file/299349#t=7036.0,7043.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/164457/file/299349/transcript/88053/annotation/344","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eGORTATOWSKY:\u003c/strong\u003e . . . Because we have really dangers in everyday living that we didn't have years ago. Perhaps we had other things then.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/164457/file/299349#t=7043.0,7059.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/164457/file/299349/transcript/88053/annotation/345","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eALPERT:\u003c/strong\u003e I was wondering if you think perhaps your parents felt that you were facing dangers that they didn't have to face in their youth.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/164457/file/299349#t=7059.0,7068.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/164457/file/299349/transcript/88053/annotation/346","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eGORTATOWSKY:\u003c/strong\u003e I don't think so.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/164457/file/299349#t=7068.0,7079.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/164457/file/299349/transcript/88053/annotation/347","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eALPERT:\u003c/strong\u003e All right. Again, I thank you very, very much . . .","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/164457/file/299349#t=7079.0,7083.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/164457/file/299349/transcript/88053/annotation/348","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eGORTATOWSKY:\u003c/strong\u003e . . . You're very welcome . . .","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/164457/file/299349#t=7083.0,7084.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/164457/file/299349/transcript/88053/annotation/349","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eALPERT:\u003c/strong\u003e . . . This has been most helpful and we appreciate it greatly.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/164457/file/299349#t=7084.0,7089.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/164457/file/299349/transcript/88053/annotation/350","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eGORTATOWSKY:\u003c/strong\u003e Thank you.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/164457/file/299349#t=7089.0,7090.0"}]},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/164457/file/299349/annotation_set/2261","type":"AnnotationPage","label":{"en":["Annotations [Transcript]"]},"items":[{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/164457/file/299349/annotation_set/2261/annotation/351","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eAtlanta, Georgia is the capital and largest city in the state of Georgia. During the American Civil War it was a strategically important city for the Confederacy until it was captured in 1864. The city was almost entirely burnt to the ground during General William Sherman’s March to the Sea. After the war, the city rebounded and became a national industrial center.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/164457/file/299349#t=20.0,31.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/164457/file/299349/annotation_set/2261/annotation/352","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eIda Guthman Bauer (1875-1944) was an Atlanta native and daughter of Isaac and Lena Haas Guthman. Prior to marrying she worked as a teacher at Ivy Street School. In 1906, she married William Bauer. They had one daughter, Helen Bauer Abraham Gortatowsky. She was a member of The Temple.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/164457/file/299349#t=31.0,50.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/164457/file/299349/annotation_set/2261/annotation/353","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eWilliam Bauer (1862-1931) was born in Germany and immigrated to the United States as a young adult. He was the son of Ralph and Rosa Bauer and had a younger brother Henry. In 1894, he married his first wife Natalie Metzger, and they had one son, Roy. Natalie died in 1902. In 1906, he married Ida Guthman and they had one daughter, Helen Bauer Abraham Gortatowsky. He managed the Standard Club and later worked for Prudential Life Insurance. He was a member of The Temple.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/164457/file/299349#t=31.0,50.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/164457/file/299349/annotation_set/2261/annotation/354","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eBavaria, officially the Free State of Bavaria, is a landlocked federal state of Germany, occupying its southeastern corner. Bavaria is the largest German state by land area. Bavaria borders Austria, the Czech Republic, Switzerland (across Lake Constance). Bavaria’s main cities are Munich, Nuremberg, and Augsburg. The Duchy of Bavaria dates back to 555. It was later incorporated into the Holy Roman Empire, became an independent kingdom, joined the Prussian-led German Empire in 1871 while retaining its title of kingdom. The Kingdom of Bavaria existed until 1918, when Bavaria became a republic. In 1946, the Free State of Bavaria reorganized itself on democratic lines after the Second World War.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/164457/file/299349#t=31.0,50.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/164457/file/299349/annotation_set/2261/annotation/355","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eAtlanta–Fulton County Stadium, often referred to as “Fulton County Stadium” and originally named “Atlanta Stadium,” was built to attract a major league baseball team. In 1966 it succeeded when the Milwaukee Braves relocated from to Atlanta. Designed by Jewish Atlantan Cecil Alexander, the stadium was built on the site of the cleared Washington-Rawson neighborhood, which had been a wealthy area and home to much of Atlanta’s Jewish community. The Braves continued to play at Fulton County Stadium until the end of the 1996 season, when they moved into Turner Field, the converted Centennial Olympic Stadium originally built for the 1996 Summer Olympics. That stadium, in turn, was renovated and renamed Georgia State Stadium in 2016, and Center Parc Stadium in 2020. Fulton County Stadium was demolished in 1997. A parking lot for Center Parc Stadium now (2021) stands on the site.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/164457/file/299349#t=31.0,50.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/164457/file/299349/annotation_set/2261/annotation/356","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003ePhiladelphia is Pennsylvania's largest city. It has a deep connection to the founding of the United States because it is home to Independence Hall, where the Declaration of Independence and the Constitution were signed. It is also home to the Liberty Bell and other American Revolutionary sites. The city was founded in 1682 by William Penn.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/164457/file/299349#t=57.0,94.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/164457/file/299349/annotation_set/2261/annotation/357","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eLittle Rock is the capital and most populous city in Pulaski County, Arkansas. The capital of the Arkansas Territory was moved to Little Rock from Arkansas Post in 1821 and today, Little Rock is a cultural, economic, government, and transportation center within Arkansas and the American South. Little Rock is home to various cultural institutions such as the Arkansas Museum of Fine Arts, the Arkansas Repertory Theatre, the Arkansas Symphony Orchestra, and the Mosaic Templars Cultural Center. The city is also the headquarters of Dillard's, Windstream Communications, Stephens Inc., University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Heifer International, Winrock International, the Clinton Foundation, and the Rose Law Firm.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/164457/file/299349#t=57.0,94.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/164457/file/299349/annotation_set/2261/annotation/358","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eRoy Bauer (1895-1918) an Atlanta native. He was the son of William and Natalie Metzger Bauer. He attended Georgia Tech. Roy served in the US Army during World War I and was killed while serving in Blan Mont, France in 1918. He is buried at the Meuse-Argonne American Cemetery in Lorraine, France.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/164457/file/299349#t=105.0,192.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/164457/file/299349/annotation_set/2261/annotation/359","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eWorld War I, also called First World War or Great War, was an international conflict from 1914 to 1918 that embroiled most of the nations of Europe along with Russia, the United States, the Middle East, and other regions. The war pitted the Central Powers—mainly Germany, Austria-Hungary, and Turkey—against the Allies—mainly France, Great Britain, Russia, Italy, Japan, and, from 1917, the United States. It ended with the defeat of the Central Powers.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/164457/file/299349#t=105.0,192.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/164457/file/299349/annotation_set/2261/annotation/360","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eVerdun, France is a city in the Meuse department of Grand Est in northeastern France and the largest city in Meuse. During World War I, the city was the site of the longest-lasting of the war that led to enormous loss of life and long casualty lists on both sides. The area is the location of many French and German cemeteries. The Meuse-Argonne American Cemetery and Memorial is located at Romagne-sous-Montfaucon, which is northwest of Verdun.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/164457/file/299349#t=105.0,192.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/164457/file/299349/annotation_set/2261/annotation/361","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe Croix de Guerre is a military decoration of France. It was created in 1915 and was awarded during World War I and again in World War II. It was awarded to individuals or units whose soldiers distinguish themselves by acts of heroism involving combat with the enemy.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/164457/file/299349#t=105.0,192.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/164457/file/299349/annotation_set/2261/annotation/362","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003ePershing Point Park is a small public park in Atlanta, Georgia. It is located in midtown Atlanta at the intersection of Peachtree Street and West Peachtree Street. It was dedicated in honor of General of the Armies John J. Pershing. It includes a memorial for all Fulton County soldiers who died in World War I. The park was opened in 1920 and created through the efforts of the American War Mothers.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/164457/file/299349#t=105.0,192.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/164457/file/299349/annotation_set/2261/annotation/363","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe Confederate States Army (CSA) was the military ground force of the Confederate States of America during the American Civil War. It was formed by the Southern states that seceded from the United States. It was founded in February 1861 and was disbanded on May 1865 when the Confederates surrendered to the U.S. Army.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/164457/file/299349#t=237.0,310.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/164457/file/299349/annotation_set/2261/annotation/364","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eIsaac Guthman (1834-1900) was born in Hamm, Germany and immigrated to the United States. He was the son of Emanuel Guthmann and Eva Guckenheimer Guthmann. In 1860, he married Lena Haas, and they had eight children, Emanuel, Augusta, Aaron, Eva, Clementine, Miriam, Ida, and Lena. He was a member of The Temple.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/164457/file/299349#t=237.0,310.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/164457/file/299349/annotation_set/2261/annotation/365","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eHelena “Lena” Haas Guthman (1838-1877) was born in Hamm, Germany and later immigrated to the United States. Her parents were Herman and Wilhelmina “Mina” Weil Haas. In 1860, she married Isaac Guthman (1834-1900). They had eight children, three sons and five daughters. She passed away one month after giving birth to her youngest daughter, Lena Guthman Fox.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/164457/file/299349#t=237.0,310.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/164457/file/299349/annotation_set/2261/annotation/366","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe American Civil War, widely known in the United States as the “Civil War” or the “War Between the States,” was fought from 1861 to 1865 to determine the survival of the Union or independence for the Confederacy. In January 1861, seven Southern slave states declared their secession from the United States and formed the Confederate States of America. The Confederacy, often called the “South,” grew to include 11 states, and although they claimed 13 states and additional western territories, the Confederacy was never diplomatically recognized by a foreign country. The states that did not declare secession were known as the “Union” or the “North.” The war had its origin in the issue of slavery. After four years of bloody combat, which left over 600,000 Union and Confederate soldiers dead and destroyed much of the South's infrastructure, the Confederacy collapsed, slavery was abolished, and the difficult Reconstruction process of restoring national unity and granting civil rights to freed slaves began.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/164457/file/299349#t=237.0,310.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/164457/file/299349/annotation_set/2261/annotation/367","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eNewnan, Georgia is a located in the metro Atlanta area. It is located 40 miles southwest of Atlanta and is the county seat of Coweta County Georgia.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/164457/file/299349#t=237.0,310.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/164457/file/299349/annotation_set/2261/annotation/368","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eDiphtheria is a bacterial infection that usually affects the mucous membranes of the nose and throat. The disease is usually spread between people by direct contact, through the air, or through contact with contaminated objects. Throughout history various diphtheria epidemics have sicken and killed people. A vaccine was developed in the early 1920’s, but not widely used until the 1940’s. Today is part of routine vaccines given to young children and people, which have greatly reduced the cases and deaths from the disease.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/164457/file/299349#t=360.0,378.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/164457/file/299349/annotation_set/2261/annotation/369","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eMeasles is a highly contagious airborne virus that causes a high fever, cough, runny nose, inflamed eyes, and a red flat rash that starts on the face and spreads to the rest of the body. It can lead to permanent brain damage and death. In 1963, a vaccine for measles became widely available and greatly reduced the number of cases. In recent years, as more parents have chosen not to vaccinate their children, measles outbreaks have risen in the United States.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/164457/file/299349#t=360.0,378.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/164457/file/299349/annotation_set/2261/annotation/370","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eOakland Cemetery is the oldest cemetery and one of the largest green spaces, in Atlanta. Many notable Georgians are buried at Oakland including Margaret Mitchell, author of Gone with the Wind; Joseph Jacobs, owner of the pharmacy where John Pemberton first sold Coca-Cola as a soft drink; Bobby Jones, the only golfer to win the Grand Slam, the United States Amateur, United States Open, British Amateur and the Open Championship in the same year; as well as former Georgia governors and Atlanta mayors. Oakland is an example of a Victorian-style cemetery and contains numerous monuments and mausoleums that are of historical significance.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/164457/file/299349#t=360.0,378.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/164457/file/299349/annotation_set/2261/annotation/371","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe Standard Club is a Jewish social club that started as the “Concordia Association” in 1867 in Downtown Atlanta. In 1905, it was reorganized as the “Standard Club” and moved into the former mansion of William C. Sanders near the site of Center Parc Credit Union Stadium (formerly Turner Field). In the late 1920s the club moved to Ponce de Leon Avenue in Midtown Atlanta. Later, the club moved to what is now the Lenox Park business park and was located there until 1983. In the 1980s, the club moved to its present location in Johns Creek in Atlanta’s northern suburbs.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/164457/file/299349#t=398.0,443.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/164457/file/299349/annotation_set/2261/annotation/372","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003ePrudential Financial, Inc. is an American financial service company that provides insurance, retirement planning, investment management, and other products in the United States. It was started in Newark, New Jersey in 1875. It was originally known as The Widows and Orphans Friendly Society and originally only should burial insurance. The company is known for it’s logo, the Rock of Gibraltar and related slogans “Get a Piece of the Rock” and “Strength of Gibraltar.”\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/164457/file/299349#t=398.0,443.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/164457/file/299349/annotation_set/2261/annotation/373","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe Sisters of the Immaculate Conception School and Convent stood at 149 Washington Street, at the corner of Woodward Avenue, across from the Standard Club in Atlanta’s Washington–Rawson neighborhood. It was affiliated with the Catholic Shrine of the Immaculate Conception, the city’s oldest Catholic church.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/164457/file/299349#t=453.0,499.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/164457/file/299349/annotation_set/2261/annotation/374","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eA catechism is a summary or exposition of doctrine and serves as a learning introduction to the Sacraments. It is generally used in Christian religions for teaching of children and adult converts. They are often written in question format followed by an answered that is to be memorized.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/164457/file/299349#t=520.0,577.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/164457/file/299349/annotation_set/2261/annotation/375","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe Catholic Church or Roman Catholic Church is the largest Christian church in the world with 1.27 to 1.41 billion baptized Catholics as of 2025. It is among the world’s oldest and largest international institutions and has played an important role in the history and development of Western civilization. The church as seven sacraments with the Eucharist or Holy Communion being the principal one. The hierarchy of the Catholic Church is headed by the pope, who is currently Pope Leo XIV. The pope is also sovereign of Vatican City, the small city-state within the city of Rome.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/164457/file/299349#t=520.0,577.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/164457/file/299349/annotation_set/2261/annotation/376","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eRebecca Latimer Felton (1835-1930) was an Atlanta, Georgia native. She was the first woman to serve in the United States Senate. She served for only one day in 1922. She was appointed to the seat by the Georgia governor after the sitting senator died. She was only to hold the seat until a special election was held and not to be sworn in, but she was sworn in, serving for one day before the newly elected senator took the seat. She was a prominent member of the Georgia upper class, who advocated for white supremacy, prison reform, women’s suffrage, and education reform. She was a major figure in America’s first-wave of feminism. Additionally, she was the last slave owner to serve in the Senate and known for her white supremacist views. She was married to William Harrell Felton, who served in both the U.S. House of Representatives and Georgia House of Representatives and Rebecca helped organize his political campaigns.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/164457/file/299349#t=579.0,610.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/164457/file/299349/annotation_set/2261/annotation/377","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eWomen in the United States gained the right to vote through the 19th Amendment to the U.S. Constitution. The amendment was passed by the U.S. Congress on June 4, 1919, and ratified in August 18, 1920.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/164457/file/299349#t=616.0,625.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/164457/file/299349/annotation_set/2261/annotation/378","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eWorld War II (abbreviated WWII or WW2) was a global war involving fighting in most of the world and most countries. Most countries fought in the years 1939–1945 but some started fighting in 1937. Most of the world's countries, including all the great powers, fought as part of two military alliances: the Allies and the Axis Powers. World War II was the largest and deadliest conflict in all of history. It involved more countries, cost more money, involved more people, and killed more people than any other war in history. Between 50 to 85 million people died. The majority were civilians. It included massacres, the deliberate genocide of the Holocaust, strategic bombing, starvation, disease, and the only use of nuclear weapons against civilians in history.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/164457/file/299349#t=632.0,638.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/164457/file/299349/annotation_set/2261/annotation/379","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eOrthodox Judaism is a traditional branch of Judaism that strictly follows the written Torah and the oral law concerning prayer, dress, food, sex, family relations, social behavior, the Sabbath day, holidays, and more.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/164457/file/299349#t=666.0,690.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/164457/file/299349/annotation_set/2261/annotation/380","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eReform Judaism is a division within Judaism, especially in North America and the United Kingdom. Historically it began in the 19th century. In general, the Reform movement maintains that Judaism and Jewish traditions should be modernized and compatible with participation in Western culture. While the Torah remains the law, in Reform Judaism women are included (mixed seating, bat mitzvah, and women rabbis), instrumental music is allowed in the services, and most of the service is in the local language as opposed to Hebrew.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/164457/file/299349#t=666.0,690.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/164457/file/299349/annotation_set/2261/annotation/381","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe Temple, or “Hebrew Benevolent Congregation,” is Atlanta’s oldest Jewish congregation. The cornerstone was laid on the Temple on Garnett Street in 1875. The dedication was held in 1877 and the Temple was located there until 1902. The Temple’s next location on Pryor Street was dedicated in 1902. The Temple’s current location in Midtown on Peachtree Street was dedicated in 1931. The main sanctuary is on the National Register of Historic Places. The Reform congregation now totals approximately 1500 families. As of 2022, its Senior Rabbi is Peter S. Berg.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/164457/file/299349#t=690.0,834.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/164457/file/299349/annotation_set/2261/annotation/382","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eShabbat (Hebrew) or Shabbos/Shabbes (Yiddish) is the Jewish Sabbath and is observed on Saturdays. Shabbat observance entails refraining from work activities and engaging in restful activities to honor the day. Shabbat begins at sundown on Friday night and is ushered in by lighting candles and reciting a blessing. It is closed the following evening with the recitation of the havdalah blessing.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/164457/file/299349#t=690.0,834.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/164457/file/299349/annotation_set/2261/annotation/383","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eSeder [Hebrew: order] is a Jewish ritual feast that marks the beginning of the Jewish holiday of Passover. It is conducted on the evening of the fifteenth day of Nisan in the Hebrew calendar throughout the world. Some communities hold seder on both the first two nights of Passover. The seder incorporates prayers, candle lighting, and traditional foods symbolizing the slavery of the Jews and the exodus from Egypt. It is one of the most colorful and joyous occasions in Jewish life.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/164457/file/299349#t=872.0,923.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/164457/file/299349/annotation_set/2261/annotation/384","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eStella Steinheimer Bauer (1875-1959) was an Atlanta, Georgia native. She was the daughter of David and Isabel Mayer Steinheimer. In 1909, she married Henry Bauer and they had one son, Henry Bauer, Jr. She was a member of The Temple. \u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/164457/file/299349#t=872.0,923.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/164457/file/299349/annotation_set/2261/annotation/385","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eDavid Steinheimer (1839-1930) was born in Bavaria, Germany and later immigrated to the United States. He settled in Georgia, but moved to Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania during the Civil War before returning to Atlanta. He was married to Isabel Mayer and they had nine children. Steinheimer operated a cigar business for many years. He was one of the founders of The Temple and active with the Fulton Lodge of Masons.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/164457/file/299349#t=872.0,923.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/164457/file/299349/annotation_set/2261/annotation/386","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eLeo Max Frank (1884-1915) was a Jewish factory superintendent in Atlanta, Georgia. In 1913, he was accused of raping and murdering one of his employees, a 13-year-old girl named Mary Phagan, whose body was found on the premises of the National Pencil Company. Frank was arrested, tried, convicted and sentenced to death for her murder. The trial was the catalyst for a great outburst of antisemitism led by the populist Tom Watson and the center of powerful class and political interests. Frank was sent to Milledgeville State Penitentiary to await his execution. Governor John M. Slaton, believing there had been a miscarriage of justice, commuted Frank’s sentence to life in prison. This enraged a group of men who styled themselves the “Knights of Mary Phagan.” They drove to the prison, kidnapped Frank from his cell and drove him to Marietta, Georgia where they lynched him. Many years later, the murderer was revealed to be Jim Conley, who had lied in the trial, pinning it on Frank instead. Frank was pardoned on March 11, 1986, although they stopped short of exonerating him.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/164457/file/299349#t=943.0,1020.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/164457/file/299349/annotation_set/2261/annotation/387","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eRabbi Jacob Mortimer \"Jack\" Rothschild (1911-1973) served as rabbi of Atlanta’s oldest Reform congregation, the Temple, from 1946 until his death in 1973 from a heart attack. A native of Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, he forged close relationships with the city’s Christian clergy and distinguished himself as a charismatic spokesperson for civil rights.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/164457/file/299349#t=1115.0,1175.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/164457/file/299349/annotation_set/2261/annotation/388","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eHebrew Union College-Jewish Institute of Religion (HUC-JIR), founded in 1875, is the oldest Jewish seminary in the Americas and the main training seminary for rabbis, cantors, educators, and communal workers in Reform Judaism. It has campuses in Cincinnati, New York, Los Angeles, and Jerusalem.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/164457/file/299349#t=1115.0,1175.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/164457/file/299349/annotation_set/2261/annotation/389","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eAntisemitism is prejudice against, hostility to, or hatred of Jews.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/164457/file/299349#t=1204.0,1209.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/164457/file/299349/annotation_set/2261/annotation/390","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe Phi Beta Kappa Society (ΦΒΚ) is the oldest academic honor society in the United States, and is often described as its most prestigious one, owing to its long history and academic selectivity. Phi Beta Kappa aims to promote and advocate excellence in the liberal arts and sciences, and to induct the most outstanding students of arts and sciences at American colleges and universities. It was founded at the College of William and Mary on December 5, 1776 as the first collegiate Greek-letter fraternity and was among the earliest collegiate fraternal societies.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/164457/file/299349#t=1229.0,1274.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/164457/file/299349/annotation_set/2261/annotation/391","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eRich's was a department store retail chain, headquartered in Atlanta, Georgia, which operated in the southern U.S. from 1867 until March 6, 2005 when the nameplate was eliminated and replaced by Macy's. It was founded by Hungarian Jewish immigrant Morris Rich (born Mauritius Reich) in Atlanta in 1867 as \"M. Rich \u0026amp; Co. Dry Goods\" Many of the former Rich's stores today form the core of Macy's Central, an Atlanta-based division of Macy's, Inc., which formerly operated as Federated Department Stores, Inc.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/164457/file/299349#t=1229.0,1274.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/164457/file/299349/annotation_set/2261/annotation/392","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eWalter Henry Rich (1880-1947) was a leading Atlanta merchant and philanthropist. He was president of Rich’s department store, which was founded by his uncle Morris Rich.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/164457/file/299349#t=1229.0,1274.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/164457/file/299349/annotation_set/2261/annotation/393","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eVanderbilt University is a private research university located in Nashville, Tennessee. It was founded in 1873 and named after businessman Cornelius Vanderbilt who provided a $1 million endowment to the school.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/164457/file/299349#t=1229.0,1274.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/164457/file/299349/annotation_set/2261/annotation/394","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe Great Atlanta Fire of 1917 began just after noon on Monday, May 21, 1917. It blazed all day and was finally brought under control by 10 p.m. This fire started in a warehouse at Fort and Decatur Street and rapidly spread. It burned whole blocks of homes so quickly that people couldn't even get anything out of the buildings. Soldiers arrived to dynamite buildings to try to stop it. Firefighters came from cities in Tennessee (Chattanooga, Knoxville, and Nashville), Jacksonville, Florida, Greenville, South Carolina, and across Georgia including Rome, Augusta, Macon, Newnan, Marietta, Griffin, Gainesville, and Savannah. The area continued to burn and smolder for a week. 300 acres had been burned, 1,938 buildings were destroyed, and 10,000 people (mostly African Americans) were made homeless. Property loss was $5,500,000.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/164457/file/299349#t=1394.0,1411.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/164457/file/299349/annotation_set/2261/annotation/395","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003ePiedmont Park is a 189-acre park located just north of downtown Atlanta. It was originally designed by Joseph Forsyth Johnson to host the first Piedmont Exhibition in 1887.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/164457/file/299349#t=1411.0,1519.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/164457/file/299349/annotation_set/2261/annotation/396","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe Piedmont Driving Club is a prestigious private social club located adjacent to Piedmont Park that was founded in 1887. New members have to be vouched for by three current members. The club prohibited Jewish and Black membership for most of its history, although today there are a few Black, Jewish, and other ethnic minority members.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/164457/file/299349#t=1411.0,1519.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/164457/file/299349/annotation_set/2261/annotation/397","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eFort McPherson was a U.S. Army military base located in Atlanta, Georgia, bordering the northern edge of the city of East Point, Georgia. It was the headquarters for the U.S. Army Installation Management Command, Southeast Region; the U.S. Army Forces Command; the U.S. Army Reserve Command; and the U.S. Army Central. World War II, Fort McPherson served as a general depot, where thousands of men were processed for entry in the army. Fort McPherson was closed down in 2011. The property is now owned by actor/producer Tyler Perry, who redeveloped the site into Tyler Perry Studios.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/164457/file/299349#t=1411.0,1519.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/164457/file/299349/annotation_set/2261/annotation/398","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eSamuel A. Massell Jr. (1927-2022) was a businessman and politician who served from 1970 to 1974 as the 53rd mayor of Atlanta, Georgia. He was the first Jewish mayor in the city's history. Massell attended the University of Georgia in Athens and transferred to Emory University before being drafted into the United States Army Air Force in 1946. He later returned to school and earned his bachelor's degree in commercial science and Bachelor of Laws degree from Atlanta Law School. A lifelong Atlanta resident, Massell had successful careers in real estate brokerage, elected office, tourism, and association management. His mayoral administration is credited with having established the Metropolitan Atlanta Rapid Transit Authority, the Omni Coliseum, the first enclosed arena in Atlanta, and Woodruff Park in Central City.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/164457/file/299349#t=1528.0,1541.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/164457/file/299349/annotation_set/2261/annotation/399","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eMaynard Holbrook Jackson Jr. (1938-2003) was an American politician and attorney from Georgia. A member of the Democratic Party, he was elected in 1973 at the age of 35 as the first Black mayor of Atlanta, Georgia and of any major city in the South. He served three terms (1974–1982, 1990–1994), making him the second longest-serving mayor of Atlanta, after six-term mayor William B. Hartsfield. After his death, the William B. Hartsfield Atlanta International Airport was renamed Hartsfield-Jackson Atlanta International Airport to honor his service to the expansion of the airport, the city, and its people.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/164457/file/299349#t=1559.0,1597.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/164457/file/299349/annotation_set/2261/annotation/400","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eAndrew Jackson Young (b. 1932) is an American politician, diplomat, activist and pastor from Georgia. He has served as a Congressman from Georgia's 5th congressional district, the United States Ambassador to the United Nations, and Mayor of Atlanta. He served as President of the National Council of Churches USA, was a member of the Southern Christian Leadership Conference (SCLC) during the 1960s Civil Rights Movement, and was a supporter and friend of Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr. \u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/164457/file/299349#t=1559.0,1597.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/164457/file/299349/annotation_set/2261/annotation/401","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eIvan Earnest Allen, Jr. (1911-2003), was an American businessman who served two terms as the 51st Mayor of Atlanta during the turbulent civil rights era of the 1960s. He was in office from 1962-1970 and on his first day in office, he ordered the removal of all “white” and “colored” signs from facilities in city hall. He worked with Martin Luther King Jr. and others in the black community to desegregate the city. He was the only white Southern politician to testify on behalf of the Civil Rights Act of 1964.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/164457/file/299349#t=1629.0,1688.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/164457/file/299349/annotation_set/2261/annotation/402","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eJulian Gortatowsky (1911-1983) was born in Georgia, the son of Henry and Stella Ehrlich Gortatowsky. He graduated from Albany High School and attended Vanderbilt University. He later attended law school at the University of Georgia.  During World War II, he served in the U.S. Army. In 1936, he married Marian Spitz and they had one daughter, Grace. After Marian passed away in 1977, he married Helen Bauer Abraham, and they were married until his death in 1983. He was a member of The Temple.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/164457/file/299349#t=1697.0,1739.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/164457/file/299349/annotation_set/2261/annotation/403","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eJoseph L. Abraham (1912-1973) was born in Huntsville, Alabama and the son of Berthold and Bertha Low Abraham. He attended Vanderbilt University and law school at Duke University During World War II, he served in the U.S. Army Air Corp. He worked as an attorney and served on Governor Jimmy Carter’s Commission on Consumer Protection and the National Consumer Law Center. He was an active Democrat, involved with the Atlanta Bicycle Club, and a member of The Temple. He and his wife Helen Bauer had one son, Robert.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/164457/file/299349#t=1697.0,1739.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/164457/file/299349/annotation_set/2261/annotation/404","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003ePaces Ferry Road is a major road that runs east-west across northern Atlanta. It is named for Hardy Pace, who ran a ferry across the Chattahoochee River and became one of Atlanta’s founders. \u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/164457/file/299349#t=1813.0,1828.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/164457/file/299349/annotation_set/2261/annotation/405","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eIn the early 1980’s, a severe economic recession impacted much of the world. It started approximately in 1980 and ran through 1982. The impact of the recession contributed to the Latin American debt crisis, long-lasting slowdowns in the Caribbean and Sub-Saharan African countries, and the United States savings and loan crisis. It is widely considered to have been the most severe recession since World War II.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/164457/file/299349#t=1903.0,2120.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/164457/file/299349/annotation_set/2261/annotation/406","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe Merchandise Mart is a wholesale trade center located in Downtown Atlanta, Georgia. The Mart opened in 1957, as Atlanta Market Center (AMC) and is now known as the AmericasMart Atlanta. Some permanent showrooms are open daily, though many are open only part of the time or during trade shows. AmericasMart Atlanta is not open to the public and only employees and guests of registered businesses are admitted. John C. Portman designed the Atlanta Mart and held many positions of leadership since its founding.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/164457/file/299349#t=1903.0,2120.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/164457/file/299349/annotation_set/2261/annotation/407","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eMiami is a city located in south Florida on the coast of the Atlantic Ocean. It is the second largest city in Florida and the county seat of Miami-Dade County.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/164457/file/299349#t=1903.0,2120.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/164457/file/299349/annotation_set/2261/annotation/408","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe American Jewish Committee (AJC) was founded in 1906 to safeguard the welfare and security of Jews worldwide. It is one of the oldest Jewish advocacy organizations in the United States.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/164457/file/299349#t=1903.0,2120.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/164457/file/299349/annotation_set/2261/annotation/409","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eHuntsville is a city in Madison County, Limestone County, and a small portion extending into Morgan County located in the Appalachian region of northern Alabama. Huntsville was founded within the Mississippi Territory in 1805, when Alabama became a state in 1819, Huntsville was designated for a year as the first capital. Its location on the Tennessee River led to the development of textile mills in the late 19th century and major growth has occurred since World War II. Today it is the second most populous metropolitan area in the state after the Birmingham metropolitan area. \u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/164457/file/299349#t=2189.0,2275.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/164457/file/299349/annotation_set/2261/annotation/410","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eA bar mitzvah [Hebrew: son of commandments; plural: b’nai mitzvah] is a rite of passage for Jewish boys aged 13 years and one day. At that time, a Jewish boy is considered a responsible adult for most religious purposes. He is now duty-bound to keep the commandments, he puts on tefillin, and may be counted to the minyan quorum for public worship. He celebrates the bar mitzvah by being called up to the reading of the Torah in the synagogue, usually on the next available Sabbath after his Hebrew birthday.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/164457/file/299349#t=2189.0,2275.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/164457/file/299349/annotation_set/2261/annotation/411","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eRobert Abraham (b. 1950) was born in Atlanta, Georgia. He is the son of Jospeh Abraham and Helen Bauer Abraham Gortatowsky. He graduated from Northside High School and Brown University. He worked for IBM. Robert is married to Judy Rothstein and they have three sons.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/164457/file/299349#t=2275.0,2278.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/164457/file/299349/annotation_set/2261/annotation/412","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eA nationwide movement to desegregate public schools began after the Supreme Court’s 1954 Brown v. Board of Education decision. The widespread integration of public schools did not follow a coherent plan. Different cities and states went about it in various ways. In Georgia, Atlanta public schools began the process of integration on a limited scale in 1961. By 1973, mandatory busing of students from predominantly black neighborhoods to schools into white neighborhoods began. \u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/164457/file/299349#t=2400.0,2422.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/164457/file/299349/annotation_set/2261/annotation/413","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eA plantation is a large piece of land where crops are specifically planted for commercial sale and which are usually tended by resident laborers. Slave labor was used extensively to work on most plantations (such as tobacco, rice, cotton, and sugar plantations). Plantations were an important aspect of the history of the American South, during the antebellum (pre-American Civil War) period.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/164457/file/299349#t=2667.0,2801.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/164457/file/299349/annotation_set/2261/annotation/414","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eMeridian is a city in Lauderdale County in the state of Mississippi. It was established in 1860, at the junction of the Mobile and Ohio Railroad and Southern Railway of Mississippi. Meridian built an economy based on the railways and goods transported on them, and it became a strategic trading center. During the Civil War, General William Tecumseh Sherman burned much of the city to the ground in the Battle of Meridian in 1864. The city was rebuilt and has diversified in the 21st century, with healthcare, military, and manufacturing industries. The city is home to the Meridian Museum of Art, Meridian Little Theatre, and the Meridian Symphony Orchestra. \u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/164457/file/299349#t=2667.0,2801.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/164457/file/299349/annotation_set/2261/annotation/415","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe 1964 Democratic National Convention was held in Atlanta City, New Jersey. The presidential and vice-president nominee chosen at the convention were Lyndon B. Johnson and Hubert Humphrey. At the convention, the integrated Mississippi Freedom Democratic Party (MFDP) claimed the seats for the delegates for Mississippi. They did so on the grounds that the official Mississippi delegation had been elected in violation of the party’s rules because blacks had been systematically excluded from voting in the primaries, and participation in caucuses and the state convention. The MFDP delegates had been elected in strict compliance with the party rules. The MFDP had prepared a legal brief detailing the reasons why the regular delegation did not adequately represent the state’s residents. Their challenge was referred to the conventions credentials committee with Fannie Lou Hamer giving the testimony for the MFDP. In the end, a compromised was reached that made two of the MFDP delegates at-large delegates and the remaining 66 delegates would be non-voting guests of the convention.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/164457/file/299349#t=2805.0,2904.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/164457/file/299349/annotation_set/2261/annotation/416","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eFannie Lou Hamer (1917-1977) was an American voting and women’s rights activist, community organizer, and leader of the civil rights movement. She served as the vice-chair of the Mississippi Freedom Democratic Party and represented the group at the 1964 Democratic National Convention. She was also involved in organizing the Mississippi’s Freedom Summer, along with the Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee (SNCC). Hamer co-founded the National Women’s Political Caucus. She continued her activism until her health declined in the 1970’s.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/164457/file/299349#t=2805.0,2904.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/164457/file/299349/annotation_set/2261/annotation/417","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe Mississippi Delta or the Delta is a distinctive area of the northwestern part of Mississippi. It lies between the Mississippi and Yazoo rivers. The region has been called the “The Most Southern Place on Earth” because of its unique racial, cultural, and economic history. It is about 200 miles long and 87 miles across at its widest point.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/164457/file/299349#t=2805.0,2904.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/164457/file/299349/annotation_set/2261/annotation/418","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe United States Army Air Corps was the aerial warfare service component of the United States Army between 1926 and 1941. The Air Corps became the United States Army Airforce on June 20, 1941. During World War II, the Air Corp remained part of the combat arms of the Army. In 1947, the Air Corps legally became the Department of the Air Force and a separate branch of the military.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/164457/file/299349#t=3023.0,3045.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/164457/file/299349/annotation_set/2261/annotation/419","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe United Negro College Fund (UNCF) is an American philanthropic organization that funds scholarships for black students and general scholarship funds for 37 private historically black colleges and universities. The organization was incorporated in April 1944 by Frederick D. Patterson and Mary McLeod Bethune and others. It is headquartered in Washington, D.C.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/164457/file/299349#t=3050.0,3136.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/164457/file/299349/annotation_set/2261/annotation/420","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe National Wildlife Federation (NWF) is the largest private, nonprofit conservation education and advocacy organization in the United States, with over six million members and supporters, and 51 state and territorial affiliated organizations (including Puerto Rico and the Virgin Islands).\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/164457/file/299349#t=3050.0,3136.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/164457/file/299349/annotation_set/2261/annotation/421","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe Taj Mahal is an ivory-white marble mausoleum on the banks of the Yamuna river in Agra, Uttar Pradesh, India. It was commissioned in 1631 by the fifth Mughal emperor, Shah Jahan, to house the tomb of his beloved wife Mumtaz Mahal. It also contains the tomb of Shah Jahan. The mausoleum was completed in 1648. In 1983, it was designated as a UNESCO World Heritage Site.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/164457/file/299349#t=3050.0,3136.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/164457/file/299349/annotation_set/2261/annotation/422","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eDelhi is the city and a union territory in India. It also contains New Delhi, the capital of India. The city dates back to ancient and early medieval periods. It is located in northern India and straddles the Yamuna river.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/164457/file/299349#t=3050.0,3136.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/164457/file/299349/annotation_set/2261/annotation/423","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe National Federation of the Blind was founded in November 1940. It was the first national organization for the blind, and the organization has state affiliates that serve individuals in those states. The organization works to improve the lives of blind people throughout the country.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/164457/file/299349#t=3190.0,3264.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/164457/file/299349/annotation_set/2261/annotation/424","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eOglethorpe University is a private college in Brookhaven, Georgia. It was founded in 1835 and named after General James Oglethorpe, who was the founder of the Georgia colony.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/164457/file/299349#t=3269.0,3309.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/164457/file/299349/annotation_set/2261/annotation/425","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eScansion is the action of scanning a line of a verse or poem to determine its rhythm.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/164457/file/299349#t=3269.0,3309.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/164457/file/299349/annotation_set/2261/annotation/426","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003ePeachtree Christian Church on Peachtree Street in midtown Atlanta originated in downtown Atlanta as First Christian Church in 1853. In 1928 the congregation expanded to a second location on Peachtree Street by building what is now known as Peachtree Christian Church which is now a historic landmark and an example of 1920's Gothic Revival architecture. The church is known for its interdenominational relations and its radio exposure. In 1926, it was one of the first area churches to participate in religious broadcasts on the pioneering radio station WSB and hosted the choir of one of the city's leading Black congregations, Big Bethel A.M.E. Church. From 1932 to 1970, WSB aired a live program, The Call to Worship, each Sunday morning from the church. Peachtree Christian Church also maintained a close relationship with The Temple, the city’s oldest Jewish congregation, across the street. This bond is exemplified by a small Jewish star of granite embedded in the church's altar. It is a member of the Christian Church (Disciples of Christ) denomination.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/164457/file/299349#t=3369.0,3414.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/164457/file/299349/annotation_set/2261/annotation/427","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eSarah Smith Elementary School open in Atlanta in 1952. It is located in Buckhead and was originally named, Marion Smith Elementary School. The name caused confusion since a school in East Point had the same name, so it was renamed for Marion’s wife, Sarah in 1954.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/164457/file/299349#t=3415.0,3429.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/164457/file/299349/annotation_set/2261/annotation/428","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eNashville is the capital city of Tennessee and was founded in 1779. It was named for Francis Nash, a general of the Continental Army during the Revolutionary War. The city is home to Vanderbilt University and the legendary country music venues like the Grand Ole Opry, Ryman Auditorium and the Country Music Hall of Fame.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/164457/file/299349#t=3577.0,3670.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/164457/file/299349/annotation_set/2261/annotation/429","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eGrace Gortatowsky Bright (b. 1946) was born in Atlanta, Georgia. She is the daughter of Julian and Marian Spirtz Gortatowsky. She attended Lovett School and Washington University in St. Louis. In 1969, she married Jay Bright and they have two children, Emmy and Michael. She worked as a Senior Library Assistant at Yale. Grace and Jay live in New Haven, Connecticut.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/164457/file/299349#t=3694.0,3726.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/164457/file/299349/annotation_set/2261/annotation/430","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eNew Haven is a city in New Haven County, Connecticut. It is located on New Haven Harbor on the northern shore of the Long Island Sound. It is part of the New York City metropolitan area, and it is the third largest city in Connecticut. It was one of the first planned cities in America and it is home to Yale University, one of the nine colonial colleges chartered before the American Revolution. \u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/164457/file/299349#t=3694.0,3726.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/164457/file/299349/annotation_set/2261/annotation/431","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eKingston is the county seat of Ulster County, New York. The city was settled by the Dutch in 1652 and became New York’s first capital in 1777. During the American Revolutionary War, the city was burned by the British after the Battles of Saratoga in 1777. In the 1800’s the city became an important transportation hub due to its connections to both the railroad and the Erie Canal.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/164457/file/299349#t=3727.0,3805.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/164457/file/299349/annotation_set/2261/annotation/432","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe Orient is a term referring to the East in relation to Europe, traditionally comprising anything belonging to the Eastern world. It is the antonym of the term Occident, which refers to the Western world. Today, the term Oriental has fallen out of fashion and is often seen as a pejorative term. \u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/164457/file/299349#t=3727.0,3805.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/164457/file/299349/annotation_set/2261/annotation/433","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003ePalestine was a geopolitical entity under British administration. It was carved out of Ottoman Syria after World War I, and consisted of the territories of modern-day Israel and Jordan. British civil administration in Palestine operated from 1920 to 1948. It was formalized with the League of Nations’s consent in 1923 and contained two administrative areas. The land west of the Jordan River, known as Palestine, was under direct British rule until 1948, while the land east of the Jordan was a semi­autonomous region known as Transjordan under the rule of the Hashemite family. It gained independence in 1946 as the Hashemite Kingdom of Jordan. When the British Mandate over Palestine expired on May 14, 1948, the State of Israel declared its independence. It was recognized that night by the United States, and three days later by the Soviet Union. A day after the declaration of independence of the State of Israel, armies of five Arab countries, Egypt, Syria, Transjordan, Lebanon, and Iraq, invaded Israel. This marked the beginning of the War of Independence. Despite the numerical superiority of the Arab armies, Israel defended itself and won, maintaining its independence. \u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/164457/file/299349#t=3820.0,3940.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/164457/file/299349/annotation_set/2261/annotation/434","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eAdolf Hitler (1889-1945) was a German politician who was the leader of the Nazi Party, Chancellor of Germany from 1933 to 1945, and Führer (“leader”) of Nazi Germany from 1934 to 1945. As dictator of Nazi Germany, he initiated World War II in Europe with the invasion of Poland in September 1939 and was a central figure of the Holocaust.\u003cbr\u003e       Adolf Hitler applied for entrance into the Academy of Fine Arts in Vienna, Austria twice and was twice rejected, once in 1907 and again in 1908. For the next five years, Hitler struggled to earn money by selling small paintings, mostly images of buildings and other landmarks in Vienna that he copied from postcards. By 1914, Hitler was serving in World War I and would later enter politics. In his autobiographical manifesto, Mein Kampf, Hitler claimed that his antisemitic views formed during his time as a struggling artist in Vienna. His frustrated art career became part of the myth making—by Hitler himself and by his followers—that helped drive his fateful rise to power in Germany.                                                                                                                    \u003cbr\u003e      Hitler was drafted for Austrian military service at the beginning of World War I but turned down due to lack of fitness. After moving to Germany, he enlisted as a German soldier in the summer of 1914 and was deployed to Belgium in October. Over the next two years, Hitler served first as an infantryman and then as a private. He won two decorations for bravery, including the Iron Cross First Class and was wounded twice. He was recovering from his second injury when the war ended.\u003cbr\u003e      Hitler loved animals in general, but his favorite were dogs and especially German Shepherds. He was known to have had several dogs during his lifetime. His ancestry has long been a source of controversy and intense speculation. Because his father was illegitimate—his father was not known—rumors existed even during his life that his paternal grandfather could be Jewish.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/164457/file/299349#t=3820.0,3940.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/164457/file/299349/annotation_set/2261/annotation/435","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eVienna is the capital city of Austria and sits on the Danube River. The city has been called the “City of Music” because of its musical legacy with many famous classical musicians including Beethoven, Brahms, Haydn, Mozart, and Schubert living and working in the city. The city has a rich architectural history with Baroque palaces and gardens. Vienna hosts many major international organizations, including the United Nations, OPEC, and the OSCE. In 1945, Vienna was divided into sectors by the four powers: the US, the UK, France, and the Soviet Union and supervised by an Allied Commission. The four-power control of Vienna lasted until the Austrian State Treaty was signed in May 1955 and came into force on 27 July 1955. By October, all soldiers had left the country.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/164457/file/299349#t=3820.0,3940.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/164457/file/299349/annotation_set/2261/annotation/436","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eHaifa is the third-largest city in Israel. It is home to the Baháʼí Faith's Baháʼí World Centre and is a UNESCO World Heritage Site and a destination for Baháʼí pilgrimage. Over the millennia, the Haifa area has been conquered and ruled by the Canaanites, Israelites, Phoenicians, Assyrians, Babylonians, Persians, Hasmoneans, Romans, Byzantines, Arabs, Crusaders, Ottomans, and the British. During the Battle of Haifa in the 1948 Palestine war, most of the city's predominantly Arab population fled or were expelled. That year, the city became part of the then-newly-established state of Israel. The city is a major seaport located on Israel's Mediterranean coastline in the Bay of Haifa. It is also home to two academic institutions, the University of Haifa and the Technion – Israel Institute of Technology the oldest and top-ranked university in both Israel and the Middle East. Haifa Bay is a center of heavy industry, petroleum refining, and chemical processing.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/164457/file/299349#t=3820.0,3940.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/164457/file/299349/annotation_set/2261/annotation/437","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eZurich is the largest city in Switzerland and the capital of the canton of Zurich. It is located in north-central Switzerland and sits at the northwestern tip of Lake Zurich. It is one of Switzerland’s primary financial centers and also home to many museums and art galleries.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/164457/file/299349#t=3820.0,3940.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/164457/file/299349/annotation_set/2261/annotation/438","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eAlene Fox Uhry (1909-2002) was a native Atlantan and only child of Alfred and Lena Guthman Fox. Alene graduated from Girl’s High School and Wellesley College. She married Ralph Uhry in 1931, and they had two child Ann Uhry Abrams and Alfred Uhry. Alene’s mother was Lena Guthman Fox, who the model for the character ‘Miss Daisy’ in Driving Miss Daisy by her grandson, Alfred Uhry.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/164457/file/299349#t=3820.0,3940.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/164457/file/299349/annotation_set/2261/annotation/439","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eTel Aviv, Israel is located on the Mediterranean coast. It is considered the economic and technological center of Israel. It is the country’s second most populous city after Jerusalem.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/164457/file/299349#t=3942.0,3972.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/164457/file/299349/annotation_set/2261/annotation/440","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eFrancisco Franco (1892-1975) was born in El Ferrol, Spain. He joined the Spanish military 1907 at 14 years old and by 1939 had become dictator of Spain after leading an uprising against the presiding administration after the Spanish Civil War. During World War II, Franco sided with the Axis alliance although Spain did not directly commit their military to the war effort. \u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/164457/file/299349#t=4000.0,4084.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/164457/file/299349/annotation_set/2261/annotation/441","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eWashington, D.C. is the United States capital. The city sits on the Potomac River and borders Maryland and Virginia. The city is home to the three branches of the federal government including  the Capitol, the White House, and the Supreme Court. It is also home to various well-known museums and performing arts venues such as the Kennedy Center.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/164457/file/299349#t=4000.0,4084.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/164457/file/299349/annotation_set/2261/annotation/442","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eRichard Nixon (1913-1994) was the nation's 36th vice president from 1953 to 1961, after he came to national prominence as a representative and senator from California. He served as the 37th President of the United States, serving from 1969 to 1974, when he became the only president to resign the office in the wake of the Watergate Scandal. A member of the Republican Party, he previously served as the 36th vice president under President Dwight D. Eisenhower from 1953 to 1961. His presidency saw the reduction of U.S. involvement in the Vietnam War, detente with the Soviet Union and China, the Apollo 11 Moon landing, and the establishment of the Environmental Protection Agency and Occupational Safety and Health Administration.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/164457/file/299349#t=4000.0,4084.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/164457/file/299349/annotation_set/2261/annotation/443","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eDuke University is a private research university located in Durham, North Carolina. It was founded in 1838 by Methodists and Quakers in Trinity, NC and moved to Durham in 1892. It was renamed Duke University in 1924 after Washington Duke, who was the father of James Buchanan Duke who established the “The Duke Endowment.” The law school is one of Duke’s 10 school and colleges. The law school was started in 1868 as the Trinity College School of Law.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/164457/file/299349#t=4000.0,4084.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/164457/file/299349/annotation_set/2261/annotation/444","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe Grand Canyon is a steep-sided canyon carved by the Colorado River in Arizona. It is 277 miles long and up to 18 miles wide and up to a mile deep. The some of the area is contained within the Grand Canyon National Park, which was established on February 26, 1919 when President Woodrow Wilson signed the act signed by Congress.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/164457/file/299349#t=4122.0,4260.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/164457/file/299349/annotation_set/2261/annotation/445","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eBryce Canyon National Park is located in southwestern Utah. The park features a collection of giant national amphitheaters along the eastern side of the Paunsaugunt Plateau. It is distinctive due to the geological structures called hoodoos. In 1923, President Warren Harding designated it a national monument and it was redesignated a national park by Congress in 1928. \u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/164457/file/299349#t=4122.0,4260.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/164457/file/299349/annotation_set/2261/annotation/446","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eZion National Park is located in southwest Utah, near Springdale. In 1909, President Taft named the area Mukuntuweap National Monument to protect the canyon. In 1918, it was proposed by the National Park Service, acting director Horace Albright to enlarge the existing monument and rename is Zion National Monument. The name Zion came from a term used by the Mormons. It was designed a national park in 1919.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/164457/file/299349#t=4122.0,4260.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/164457/file/299349/annotation_set/2261/annotation/447","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eMonument Valley is a region of the Colorado Plateau that is characterized by a cluster of sandstone bluffs with the largest reaching 1,000 feet about the valley floor. The area is located in northeastern Arizona along the Utah-Arizona state line. The valley is considered sacred by the Navajo Nation and the area lies within its reservation.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/164457/file/299349#t=4122.0,4260.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/164457/file/299349/annotation_set/2261/annotation/448","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eMontreal [French: Montréal] is the second most populous city in Canada in the Canadian province of Quebec. The city’s official language is French, with about 58 percent of the population able to speak English and French. Montreal was historically the commercial capital of Canada until it was surpassed by Toronto in the 1970’s. Today, it is still an important cultural center for Canada. \u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/164457/file/299349#t=4295.0,4494.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/164457/file/299349/annotation_set/2261/annotation/449","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eInternational Business Machines Corporation or IBM is a multinational technology company that is present in over 175 countries. The company was founded in 1911 and is one of the world’s oldest and largest technology companies. It has been responsible for various technological innovations such as the automated teller machine, the floppy disk, the hard disk drive, and the UPC barcode.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/164457/file/299349#t=4511.0,4513.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/164457/file/299349/annotation_set/2261/annotation/450","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eAhavath Achim Synagogue (often referred to as \"AA\") was founded as an Orthodox congregation in 1887 in a small room on Gilmer Street. In 1901 they moved to a permanent building at the corner of Piedmont Avenue and Gilmer Street. In 1921, the congregation constructed a synagogue at Washington Street and Woodward Avenue. It joined the Conservative movement in 1952. The final service in the Washington Street building was held in 1958 to make way for construction of the Downtown Connector (the concurrent section of Interstate 75 and Interstate 85 through Atlanta). The synagogue moved to its current location on Peachtree Battle Avenue in 1958. As of 2022, Ahavath Achim is the largest Conservative synagogue in the Atlanta area and its current Senior Rabbi is Laurence Rosenthal.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/164457/file/299349#t=4596.0,4622.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/164457/file/299349/annotation_set/2261/annotation/451","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eAlso known as Masorti Judaism, Conservative Judaism is a form of Judaism that seeks to preserve Jewish tradition and ritual, but has a more flexible approach to the interpretation of the law than Orthodox Judaism. It attempts to combine a positive attitude toward modern culture, while preserving a commitment to Jewish observance. In general, Conservative congregations also observe gender equality (mixed seating, women rabbis, and bat mitzvah). The governing body for Conservative Judaism in the United States is the United Synagogue of Conservative Judaism (USCJ), formerly known as the United Synagogue of America.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/164457/file/299349#t=4622.0,4677.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/164457/file/299349/annotation_set/2261/annotation/452","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eSnellville is located in Gwinnett County Georgia and is east of Atlanta. The community was incorporated in 1923 and is about 33 miles for downtown Atlanta.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/164457/file/299349#t=4714.0,4778.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/164457/file/299349/annotation_set/2261/annotation/453","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe National Council of Jewish Women is an organization of volunteers and advocates, founded in the 1890's, who turn progressive ideals in advocacy and philanthropy inspired by Jewish values. They strive to improve the quality of life for women, children and families.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/164457/file/299349#t=4714.0,4778.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/164457/file/299349/annotation_set/2261/annotation/454","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eStone Mountain is a quartz monzonite dome monadnock and the site of Stone Mountain Park, near the city of Stone Mountain, Georgia. The park is owned by the state of Georgia and managed by Norcross-based Herschend Family Entertainment. At its summit, the elevation is 1,686 feet above sea level and 825 feet above the surrounding area. Stone Mountain is well known for not only its geology, but also the enormous rock relief on its north face, the largest bas-relief artwork in the world. The carving depicts three Confederate leaders, Jefferson Davis, Robert E. Lee, and Stonewall Jackson. Stone Mountain was notably the site of Ku Klux Klan activities, and the birthplace of the modern Klan in 1915. It was purchased by the State of Georgia in 1958.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/164457/file/299349#t=4714.0,4778.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/164457/file/299349/annotation_set/2261/annotation/455","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe Ku Klux Klan (or Knights of the Ku Klux Klan today, also referred to as the KKK) is a white supremacist, white nationalist, anti-immigration, anti-Jewish, anti-Catholic, anti-Black secret society, whose methods have included terrorism and murder. It was founded in the South in the 1860s and then died out and has come back several times, most notably in the 1920s when membership soared again, and then again in the 1960s during the civil rights era. When the Klan was re-founded in 1915 in Georgia, the event was marked by a cross burning on Stone Mountain. In the past its members dressed up in white robes and pointed hoods designed to hide their identity and to terrify. It is still in existence.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/164457/file/299349#t=4714.0,4778.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/164457/file/299349/annotation_set/2261/annotation/456","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe Holocaust was the systematic, government-sponsored attempt by the German Nazi government to annihilate the Jews of Europe between 1939 and 1945, which resulted in the deaths of 6,000,000 Jews.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/164457/file/299349#t=5070.0,5085.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/164457/file/299349/annotation_set/2261/annotation/457","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe Fourth Army was a field army of the United States Army between 1932 and 1991. During, World War II, the army remained in the continental United States. They were largely responsible for the defense of the West Coast and training tactical units to operate efficiently in combat.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/164457/file/299349#t=5310.0,5355.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/164457/file/299349/annotation_set/2261/annotation/458","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eHenry R. Bauer, Sr. (1912-1983) was an Atlanta, Georgia native, and the son of Henry and Stella Steinheimer Bauer. He attended Boys High School and the University of Pennsylvania. During World War II, he served in the army. He worked for 42 years at the Atlanta Paper Company, later known as Mead Corporation. In 1940, he married Maxine LaPat and they had three children, Judy, Henry and Thomas. Maxine died in 1965 and Henry remarried Beatrice Levitzky Cohn in 1979.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/164457/file/299349#t=5500.0,5571.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/164457/file/299349/annotation_set/2261/annotation/459","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eButtenwiesen is city in the district of Dillingen in Bavaria in Germany. During the 12th and 13th centuries the area was owned by the Lords of Eberstall-Reisensburg. In 1805, it became part of Bavaria.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/164457/file/299349#t=5500.0,5571.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/164457/file/299349/annotation_set/2261/annotation/460","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eOxford is a cathedral city and non-metropolitan district in Oxfordshire, England, of which it is the county town. Founded in the 8th century, it was granted city status in 1542. The city is located at the confluence of the rivers Thames (locally known as the Isis) and Cherwell. The city is home to the University of Oxford, the oldest university in the English-speaking world; it has buildings in every style of English architecture since the late Anglo-Saxon. Oxford's industries include motor manufacturing, education, publishing, science, and information technologies.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/164457/file/299349#t=6220.0,6367.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/164457/file/299349/annotation_set/2261/annotation/461","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eNew York City is located in New York state. It is also known by the nicknames the Big Apple or NYC. It is the largest city by population and metropolitan area in the United States. It is made up of five boroughs sitting where the Hudson River meets the Atlantic Ocean. The city was settled in 1624 and in 1664 it was named for the Duke of York, later King James II of England. The city is a global center for everything from finance to arts and fashion to international diplomacy as the home of the United Nations.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/164457/file/299349#t=6220.0,6367.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/164457/file/299349/annotation_set/2261/annotation/462","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eMarseille is the second largest city in France and located on the southern French coast. During World War II, it was the main port in the Mediterranean Sea for the Germans from 1942-1944. The Allies liberated the city in August 1944.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/164457/file/299349#t=6533.0,6643.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/164457/file/299349/annotation_set/2261/annotation/463","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eA severe worldwide economic downturn known as the Great Depression began in the United States in 1929. It was the longest, most widespread, and deepest depression of the 20th century with far-reaching effects around the globe, especially in Europe. In Europe, World War I had a long-term impact on the economy and financial stability. Postwar inflation spiraled into hyperinflation by the 1920’s and European banks struggled to stay open. Exasperating the situation were skyrocketing unemployment rates. The Great Depression had immediately visible political and social ramifications in Europe, including increased antisemitism and nationalism.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/164457/file/299349#t=6840.0,6841.0"}]}]}]}