{"@context":"http://iiif.io/api/presentation/3/context.json","id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/iiif/3x83j3b773/manifest","type":"Manifest","label":{"en":["Furukawa, Dave and Anna"]},"logo":"https://d9jk7wjtjpu5g.cloudfront.net/organizations/logo_images/000/000/082/original/TheBreman_SecondaryMark_Horizontal_Blue_Black.png?1713640889","metadata":[{"label":{"en":["Date"]},"value":{"en":["2011-12-19 (captured)"]}},{"label":{"en":["Agent"]},"value":{"en":["Furukawa, Dave (Interviewee)","Furukawa, Anna (Interviewee)","Berman, Sandra (Interviewer)","Einstein, Ruth (Interviewer)"]}},{"label":{"en":["Format"]},"value":{"en":["Video"]}},{"label":{"en":["Source"]},"value":{"en":["William Breman Jewish Heritage Museum","Esther and Herbert Taylor Oral History Collection","Jewish Oral History Project of Atlanta","Special Exhibitions Collection"]}},{"label":{"en":["Description"]},"value":{"en":["\u003cp\u003eDave and Anna Furukawa were interviewed by Sandra Berman and Ruth Einstein on December 19, 2011 in Atlanta, Georgia.\u003c/p\u003e (general)","\u003cp\u003eAnna Furukawa’s parents were immigrants from Japan who settled along the West Coast of the United States. When Anna was young, she spent some time back in Japan and then returned to the United States before the outbreak of World War II. During the war, Anna, her husband, and her family was incarcerated in US government camps simply because they were Japanese Americans. Dave Furukawa is the grandson of Anna Furukawa. His parents were Ronald and Marian (Sakuma) Furukawa. His great-grandparents were immigrants from Japan who settled in the United States.\u003c/p\u003e (bioghist)","\u003cp\u003eIn their interview, Dave Furukawa and his grandmother, Anna Furukawa, discuss their family history, their family’s memories of being incarcerated by the US government during World War II because they were Japanese Americans, and the family’s efforts to rebuild their postwar lives. Dave begins the interview by describing when and why his ancestors emigrated from Japan and settled in the United States. Dave relates his family’s experiences during World War II, especially sharing stories about the camps. Anna, who was incarcerated in the WWII camps, also adds her memories and viewpoints. Dave describes what happened to his family after the war. In addition, he reflects extensively on the impacts of his family’s experiences during World War II and his personal feelings toward these events.\u003c/p\u003e (scope content)"]}},{"label":{"en":["Source Metadata URI"]},"value":{"en":["https://archivesspace.thebreman.org/repositories/2/archival_objects/29181"]}},{"label":{"en":["Rights Statement"]},"value":{"en":["\u003cp\u003eAll rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, recorded by any information storage and retrieval system, without the express written consent of the William Breman Jewish Heritage Museum.\u003c/p\u003e"]}},{"label":{"en":["Subject"]},"value":{"en":["Furukawa, Anna (personal name)","Furukawa, Dave (personal name)","California, United States (geographic term)","Cleveland, Ohio (geographic term)","Dachau Concentration Camp (geographic term)","Fresno Assembly Center (geographic term)","Japan (geographic term)","Jerome Relocation Center (geographic term)","Pearl Harbor (geographic term)","Rohwer Relocation Center (geographic term)","Santa Anita Assembly Center (geographic term)","Tanforan Assembly Center (geographic term)","Topaz Relocation Center (geographic term)","Tule Lake Relocation Center (geographic term)","Executive Order 9066 (topical term)","Civil Liberties Act of 1988 (topical term)","Farming (California) (topical term)","Immigration (topical term)","Japanese American Communities (topical term)","Japanese American Incarceration (World War II) (topical term)","Japanese American Military Service (World War II) (topical term)","Reparations (World War II) (topical term)","Shikata ga nai (topical term)"]}}],"summary":{"en":["\u003cp\u003eDave and Anna Furukawa were interviewed by Sandra Berman and Ruth Einstein on December 19, 2011 in Atlanta, Georgia.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eAnna Furukawa\u0026rsquo;s parents were immigrants from Japan who settled along the West Coast of the United States. When Anna was young, she spent some time back in Japan and then returned to the United States before the outbreak of World War II. During the war, Anna, her husband, and her family was incarcerated in US government camps simply because they were Japanese Americans. Dave Furukawa is the grandson of Anna Furukawa. His parents were Ronald and Marian (Sakuma) Furukawa. His great-grandparents were immigrants from Japan who settled in the United States.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIn their interview, Dave Furukawa and his grandmother, Anna Furukawa, discuss their family history, their family\u0026rsquo;s memories of being incarcerated by the US government during World War II because they were Japanese Americans, and the family\u0026rsquo;s efforts to rebuild their postwar lives. Dave begins the interview by describing when and why his ancestors emigrated from Japan and settled in the United States. Dave relates his family\u0026rsquo;s experiences during World War II, especially sharing stories about the camps. Anna, who was incarcerated in the WWII camps, also adds her memories and viewpoints. Dave describes what happened to his family after the war. In addition, he reflects extensively on the impacts of his family\u0026rsquo;s experiences during World War II and his personal feelings toward these events.\u003c/p\u003e"]},"requiredStatement":{"label":{"en":["Attribution"]},"value":{"en":["\u003cp\u003eAll rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, recorded by any information storage and retrieval system, without the express written consent of the William Breman Jewish Heritage Museum.\u003c/p\u003e"]}},"provider":[{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/aboutus","type":"Agent","label":{"en":["William Breman Jewish Heritage Museum"]},"homepage":[{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/","type":"Text","label":{"en":["William Breman Jewish Heritage Museum"]},"format":"text/html"}],"logo":[{"id":"https://d9jk7wjtjpu5g.cloudfront.net/organizations/logo_images/000/000/082/original/TheBreman_SecondaryMark_Horizontal_Blue_Black.png?1713640889","type":"Image"}]}],"thumbnail":[{"id":"https://d9jk7wjtjpu5g.cloudfront.net/collection_resource_files/thumbnails/000/199/413/small/Furukawa_DaveandAnna.m4v_1689879646.jpg?1689879647","type":"Image","format":"image/jpeg"}],"items":[{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/100896/file/199413","type":"Canvas","label":{"en":["Media File 1 of 1 - Furukawa_DaveandAnna.m4v"]},"duration":1709.483,"width":640,"height":360,"thumbnail":[{"id":"https://d9jk7wjtjpu5g.cloudfront.net/collection_resource_files/thumbnails/000/199/413/small/Furukawa_DaveandAnna.m4v_1689879646.jpg?1689879647","type":"Image","format":"image/jpeg"}],"items":[{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/100896/file/199413/content/1","type":"AnnotationPage","items":[{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/100896/file/199413/content/1/annotation/1","type":"Annotation","motivation":"painting","body":{"id":"https://aviary-p-thebreman.s3.wasabisys.com/collection_resource_files/resource_files/000/199/413/original/Furukawa_DaveandAnna.m4v?1689879645","type":"Video","format":"video/mp4","duration":1709.483,"width":640,"height":360},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/100896/file/199413","metadata":[]}]}],"annotations":[{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/100896/file/199413/transcript/49300","type":"AnnotationPage","label":{"en":["Furukawa, Dave and Anna [Transcript]"]},"items":[{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/100896/file/199413/transcript/49300/annotation/1","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"BERMAN: Today is December 19, 2011 and I am with Dave Furukawa and his\ngrandmother, Anna Furukawa, who have agreed to participate in this project\nrelating to the exhibition the Breman is planning, \"The Art of Gaman.\" So,\nwelcome both of you and I wanted to begin by asking you, Dave, please tell me a\nlittle bit about your ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/100896/file/199413#t=0.0,30.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/100896/file/199413/transcript/49300/annotation/2","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"family, when they immigrated to the United States and\nwhere they immigrated to.\n\nD. FURUKAWA: Sure. I'm a fourth generation Japanese American. We call ourselves\nYonsei. My grandmother is a second generation Japanese American, which is called\nNissei. But, my grandmother's parents who are called Issei, they immigrated from\na place called Wakayama Prefecture in Japan, ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/100896/file/199413#t=30.0,60.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/100896/file/199413/transcript/49300/annotation/3","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"probably around the turn of the\ncentury, about 1905 or so. They settled in Sacramento, California. Right? And\nthey were farmers--\n\nBERMAN: Why did they emigrate?\n\nD. FURUKAWA: Japan had a big war with Russia around 1904 to 1905 and it caused\nan economic downturn in Japan. So there was a large influx of Japanese ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/100896/file/199413#t=60.0,90.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/100896/file/199413/transcript/49300/annotation/4","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"workers\nthat came to America to seek better fortunes. Not only my grandmother and her\nfamily but the rest of my great-grandparents all came to America. So my\ngrandfather's parents and my mother's parents and grandparents.\n\nBERMAN: Why California? Why was the large, such a large Japanese community in\nCalifornia? What was the . . .\n\nD. FURUKAWA: Well, it's kind of ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/100896/file/199413#t=90.0,120.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/100896/file/199413/transcript/49300/annotation/5","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"interesting that you mention that because I can\nremember as a boy, my grandfather, Anna's husband, telling me that, he said,\n\"Now, son,\" he goes, \"My parents had a little more money so we were able to go\ndirectly from Japan to California.\" A lot of Japanese Americans actually had to\nstop in Hawaii and they actually became better known as indentured servants to\nthe sugarcane farms. But ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/100896/file/199413#t=120.0,150.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/100896/file/199413/transcript/49300/annotation/6","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"our family was able to go directly from, you know,\nJapan to California. In answer to your question, I think it was because the, you\nknow, terrain fit the same type of, you know, type of lifestyle they had in\nJapan with the farming because in Wakayama, it's the southern part of the big\nisland of Honshu. They did farming in Japan, as well.\n\nBERMAN: ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/100896/file/199413#t=150.0,180.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/100896/file/199413/transcript/49300/annotation/7","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"When the family was--well, first of all, tell me a little bit about the\nfarm. What do you know about it?\n\nD. FURUKAWA: In Sacramento?\n\nBERMAN: Uh-huh.\n\nA. FURUKAWA: Grape. Grape.\n\nD. FURUKAWA: She said it was, they farmed grapes. Grandma was one of--how many\nchildren? Aunt Molly, you, Uncle Harry, Aunt May, and Aunt Naoye. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/100896/file/199413#t=180.0,210.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/100896/file/199413/transcript/49300/annotation/8","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"So, you know,\na fairly large family, and everybody worked. One interesting thing about our\nfamily was when grandma--how old were you when you were sent back to Japan?\n\nA. FURUKAWA: I think I was a baby.\n\nD. FURUKAWA: A little child. Yes, she went back to Japan to get educated like in\nelementary school and then came back when you were like, you know, what? Maybe\nten? Right? You were in Japan for about eight or ten years.\n\nA. FURUKAWA: ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/100896/file/199413#t=210.0,240.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/100896/file/199413/transcript/49300/annotation/9","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Yes, I think it was eight. Yes.\n\nD. FURUKAWA: Yes, so she worked in Japan too, on the farm there, but came back\nto America. So, you know, the ideology was to get some Japanese, you know,\neducation and then come back to America.\n\nBERMAN: Did your family ever speak with you about where they were, how they felt\nwhen they heard that Pearl Harbor had been bombed?\n\nD. FURUKAWA: ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/100896/file/199413#t=240.0,270.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/100896/file/199413/transcript/49300/annotation/10","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"You know, it's definitely a case where . . . that's not a topic\nthat's really discussed much. Pearl Harbor always, like, December 7 always is a\ntime when we all cringe and it's like, \"Oh, it's that day again.\" So I know that\nwhen they heard, I'm sure, ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/100896/file/199413#t=270.0,300.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/100896/file/199413/transcript/49300/annotation/11","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"there had to have been a lot of anxiety about what\nwas going to happen. You know, there was a lot of people that were rounded up by\nthe FBI [Federal Bureau of Investigation] and were detained, without any reason\nexcept for the fact that they might have been affiliated with the Buddhist\ntemple or, in some Japanese, you know, civic organization, so they were\ntargeted. Fortunately, ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/100896/file/199413#t=300.0,330.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/100896/file/199413/transcript/49300/annotation/12","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"my family didn't have any of those ties so they weren't\ndetained at that point. But I'm sure--when you heard about the war it was\nprobably scary, wasn't it?\n\nA. FURUKAWA: Mm-hmm.\n\nBERMAN: Did your parents ever talk about . . . even leading up to that point,\nalready there was a lot of tension between Japan and the United States. Did they\ntalk about just feeling not as welcome, perhaps? Or ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/100896/file/199413#t=330.0,360.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/100896/file/199413/transcript/49300/annotation/13","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"any of those kinds of\nconcerns or worries?\n\nD. FURUKAWA: You know, I think that, they lived in kind of a Japantown in\nSacramento . . . there was lots of Japantowns all over the West Coast, whether\nit was Los Angeles or San Francisco, where my mother's family's from. Or even\nSeattle or Portland. So I think they were insulated to a certain degree because\nthey pretty much stuck to their own. So I don't know if ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/100896/file/199413#t=360.0,390.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/100896/file/199413/transcript/49300/annotation/14","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"they--do you remember\npeople calling you a Jap or anything?\n\nA. FURUKAWA: No.\n\nD. FURUKAWA: No. I think they were somewhat protected to a certain degree, even\nthough outside of Japantowns it probably, definitely, you know, was very\nprevalent. Particularly with all the turmoil that was going on in, you know,\nSoutheast Asia.\n\nBERMAN: I can imagine them being so frightened during that time ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/100896/file/199413#t=390.0,420.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/100896/file/199413/transcript/49300/annotation/15","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"period. Do you\nknow when they first caught an inkling that there might be something in the\nwind, so to speak, that Japanese Americans were going to be relocated?\n\nD. FURUKAWA: Well, on February 19, 1942, that was when President Roosevelt\nsigned Executive Order 9066, which basically gave anywhere from a week to two\nweeks to gather your ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/100896/file/199413#t=420.0,450.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/100896/file/199413/transcript/49300/annotation/16","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"belongings, whatever you could carry and you had to be\nevacuated to an assembly center. So, do you remember going to Santa Anita Racetrack?\n\nA. FURUKAWA: No. We didn't go . . . we went to the Sacramento--I mean, Fresno.\n\nD. FURUKAWA: Oh, Fresno.\n\nA. FURUKAWA: Yes.\n\nD. FURUKAWA: Fresno Assembly Center. Okay. But, you know, they got sent to\nbasically horse, horse stalls.\n\nA. FURUKAWA: Yes . . .\n\nD. FURUKAWA: Right?\n\nA. FURUKAWA: Mm-hmm.\n\nD. FURUKAWA: Didn't grandpa have to ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/100896/file/199413#t=450.0,480.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/100896/file/199413/transcript/49300/annotation/17","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"clean out the horse stalls and all? Yes, but\nyou know, so that would have been right around February to March when they would\nhave found out that they had to leave all their stuff. Because didn't you have\nto like put your stuff in storage and then just leave the house?\n\nA. FURUKAWA: Mm-hmm.\n\nBERMAN: It must have been so painful for the family. Was there, were there lists\nof what you ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/100896/file/199413#t=480.0,510.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/100896/file/199413/transcript/49300/annotation/18","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"could take with you? Were you allowed only a certain amount of luggage?\n\nA. FURUKAWA: Yes, yes.\n\nD. FURUKAWA: Yes, weren't you allowed to bring just like a couple of suitcases?\n\nA. FURUKAWA: Yes, just one suitcase.\n\nD. FURUKAWA: One suitcase per person?\n\nA. FURUKAWA: Yes.\n\nBERMAN: How did you choose what to take? Do you remember what you chose to take?\n\nA. FURUKAWA: Just rice and stuff, you know, just a few things, you know. You\ncan't take too much rice. But, we carried about five pounds.\n\nD. FURUKAWA: That ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/100896/file/199413#t=510.0,540.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/100896/file/199413/transcript/49300/annotation/19","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"always struck me that she said that one of the most important\nthings was to bring rice. Because you weren't sure whether you were going to\nhave access to it wherever they were going to take you.\n\nBERMAN: So your family went to, your family on your . . .\n\nD. FURUKAWA: Father's side.\n\nBERMAN: Father's side went to Fresno . . .\n\nD. FURUKAWA: Yes, that was the assembly centers. And then from there they got\nsent to the different, the ten different camps, which grandma went to Jerome ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/100896/file/199413#t=540.0,570.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/100896/file/199413/transcript/49300/annotation/20","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and\nRohwer in Arkansas, which is in a place called McGehee which is just south of\nLittle Rock.\n\nBERMAN: And on your mother's side?\n\nD. FURUKAWA: My mother's side went to Tanforan Racetrack, which is just outside\nof San Francisco. And then they went to Topaz, Utah, which is in a little town\ncalled Delta, just in south central Utah in the middle of the desert. We've been\nto both of those locations on ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/100896/file/199413#t=570.0,600.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/100896/file/199413/transcript/49300/annotation/21","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"pilgrimages, which, it's definitely moving.\n\nBERMAN: What's there now?\n\nD. FURUKAWA: Well, where grandma went to in Jerome and Rohwer, it's soybean\nfields. There's actually a couple of markers, one big marker in Jerome, because\nit's a national historic site. And then in Rohwer, they actually have a monument\nand there's a little, small cemetery where, you know, ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/100896/file/199413#t=600.0,630.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/100896/file/199413/transcript/49300/annotation/22","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that older people . . . do\nyou remember any old people dying in camp?\n\nA. FURUKAWA: Mm-hmm.\n\nD. FURUKAWA: And little babies?\n\nA. FURUKAWA: Mm-hmm.\n\nD. FURUKAWA: You know, so they had a little cemetery, and that still exists in\nRohwer. And that's also being protected now by the federal government.\n\nBERMAN: Did your parents talk about or mention the actual move? Or did your\ngrandmother ever talk to you about what it was like . . . the actual progression\nof all these people . . . ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/100896/file/199413#t=630.0,660.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/100896/file/199413/transcript/49300/annotation/23","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"how they got to the camps and what it was like?\n\nD. FURUKAWA: Do you remember riding on the train?\n\nA. FURUKAWA: Oh yes, riding on the train. No, we didn't have much of a hard time\nbecause the government helps us, you know? So, no we didn't have too much of a .\n. .\n\nD. FURUKAWA: Do you remember seeing soldiers with guns?\n\nA. FURUKAWA: Oh yes, lots of them.\n\nD. FURUKAWA: Kind of making people move?\n\nA. FURUKAWA: Uh-huh.\n\nBERMAN: That was my next question, at the ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/100896/file/199413#t=660.0,690.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/100896/file/199413/transcript/49300/annotation/24","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"racetrack and then later at the camp,\nwere there guards everywhere?\n\nA. FURUKAWA: Oh yes, they have guards, yes.\n\nD. FURUKAWA: I mean that's the one thing that always strikes me is that, you\nknow, here it is, American citizens and yet . . . women and children and yet\nyou've got military guards with guns, you know, it's just kind of . . .\ndefinitely leaves you . . . just mystified.\n\nBERMAN: ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/100896/file/199413#t=690.0,720.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/100896/file/199413/transcript/49300/annotation/25","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"What was the physical structure like when you arrived at the relocation\ncamp? Was there housing erected already or did you have to do all this yourself?\n\nA. FURUKAWA: No, they have a house there. Yes, it's like a barn but, you know\njust . . . holes . . .\n\nD. FURUKAWA: Like barracks, right?\n\nA. FURUKAWA: Yes, yes.\n\nD. FURUKAWA: And didn't each barrack have a mess hall? And latrine?\n\nA. FURUKAWA: Oh yes, a mess hall. And going outside to the toilet.\n\nD. FURUKAWA: Didn't you ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/100896/file/199413#t=720.0,750.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/100896/file/199413/transcript/49300/annotation/26","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"say the latrine was just open?\n\nA. FURUKAWA: Yes . . .\n\nD. FURUKAWA: Right? Like no doors on the stalls?\n\nA. FURUKAWA: He remembers.\n\nD. FURUKAWA: I remember you telling me that, though.\n\nA. FURUKAWA: Mm-hmm.\n\nBERMAN: And school? Was there a school set up?\n\nA. FURUKAWA: Oh, yes, they had a school.\n\nD. FURUKAWA: And a hospital.\n\nA. FURUKAWA: Yes.\n\nD. FURUKAWA: One thing that's interesting is that my ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/100896/file/199413#t=750.0,780.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/100896/file/199413/transcript/49300/annotation/27","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"grandfather played baseball\nand I have some photographs of him with his baseball hat and baseball glove. So,\nyou know, they definitely tried to make, you know, a life out of the time in\ncamp by doing things normal. You know, like playing sports or . . . and grandpa\nworked. Right?\n\nA. FURUKAWA: Mm-hmm.\n\nD. FURUKAWA: Didn't you . . .\n\nA. FURUKAWA: He was working for the warehouse.\n\nD. FURUKAWA: Warehouse?\n\nA. FURUKAWA: Yes.\n\nD. FURUKAWA: Didn't you say he drove a truck?\n\nA. FURUKAWA: Mm-hmm.\n\nD. FURUKAWA: And they let him come out of ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/100896/file/199413#t=780.0,810.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/100896/file/199413/transcript/49300/annotation/28","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"camp?\n\nA. FURUKAWA: Yes, he goes outside, you know, and then buy the groceries and\nstuff. So we got good stuff more than other people.\n\nD. FURUKAWA: How much did they pay him?\n\nA. FURUKAWA: Oh, I think it was eight dollars a week.\n\nD. FURUKAWA: Eight dollars a week. Didn't he buy, like, fresh fish?\n\nA. FURUKAWA: Yes.\n\nBERMAN: Did your parents or your grandparents ever talk about how they felt? I\nmean, the anger or the . . . how just mystified they were that . . . ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/100896/file/199413#t=810.0,840.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/100896/file/199413/transcript/49300/annotation/29","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"here they\nwere, American citizens, and they were rounded up. Do you recall the feelings?\n\nA. FURUKAWA: No, I don't have any bad feeling or anything.\n\nBERMAN: What about you, Dave? How do you feel about it?\n\nD. FURUKAWA: Well, you know, Japanese culture, and this probably stems back even\nwhen you go back to Japan, there's a ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/100896/file/199413#t=840.0,870.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/100896/file/199413/transcript/49300/annotation/30","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"term called shikata ga nai, which basically\nmeans you just, you know . . . what does shikata ga nai mean?\n\nA. FURUKAWA: Gaman?\n\nD. FURUKAWA: Yes, basically you just grin and bear it, you make the best of out\na bad situation. So I know that in spite of the fact that they had to have been\nupset . . . if it would have been me, and if they had done that to me, you know,\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/100896/file/199413#t=870.0,900.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/100896/file/199413/transcript/49300/annotation/31","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I would have been just completely angry and would have been probably trying to\ndo my best to do everything I could to resist them. But then again we're talking\nabout 1941 so you can't always judge what you're going to do now with the past.\nSo maybe if I had been alive in 1941 I would have kept my mouth shut and just\ngrinned and beared it. But you know in 2011 I'd be out ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/100896/file/199413#t=900.0,930.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/100896/file/199413/transcript/49300/annotation/32","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"there in the military's face.\n\nBERMAN: Did any of your family's friends or relatives . . . I know some people\ndid go back to Japan, did you know people who just left? They said, \"We're not\ngoing to stay here\"?\n\nD. FURUKAWA: Yes, didn't . . . there was a camp in California called Tule Lake.\nDidn't they make everybody take a loyalty ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/100896/file/199413#t=930.0,960.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/100896/file/199413/transcript/49300/annotation/33","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"oath?\n\nA. FURUKAWA: Yes, they go to Tule Lake and then from there Japan, you know. But\nwe didn't go there, so . . .\n\nD. FURUKAWA: Yes, they made everybody, man and woman, take a loyalty oath. The\nfirst oath was that you had to swear allegiance to the United States and say\nthat you would serve in the United States military, which doesn't make sense to\nask a woman that. The second oath was that you had to denounce the emperor of\nJapan, so they asked my great-grandparents that and of course they said, ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/100896/file/199413#t=960.0,990.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/100896/file/199413/transcript/49300/annotation/34","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\"No,\nno!\" If you said \"No, no,\" you were considered a dissident and they got sent to\nTule Lake from Jerome so they actually left. But my grandmother and grandfather,\nthey said, \"Yes, yes,\" and they stayed. So that's one of the things I'm most\nproud of is the fact that they stuck to their convictions of being an American citizen.\n\nBERMAN: I know that some of the young ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/100896/file/199413#t=990.0,1020.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/100896/file/199413/transcript/49300/annotation/35","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"men actually did enter the military, which\nkind of is interesting that they . . . the Japanese families were relocated but\nthen they asked Japanese Americans to join the military. So it was . . . but\nthey were sent to the European Theater. Correct?\n\nD. FURUKAWA: Yes, most of the men that were . . . well actually, the 100th\nInfantry Battalion was made up of volunteers from Hawaii, that was the first\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/100896/file/199413#t=1020.0,1050.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/100896/file/199413/transcript/49300/annotation/36","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Japanese Americans that actually entered service. Ironically, at the beginning\nof the war they were actually . . . all Japanese Americans were not allowed in\nthe military because they were considered foreign aliens. But I guess from lack\nof . . . or from, you know, a need for more soldiers in 1943 they allowed the\nHawaiian Japanese to enter service. But then they instituted the draft and\nstarted drafting Japanese Americans from the ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/100896/file/199413#t=1050.0,1080.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/100896/file/199413/transcript/49300/annotation/37","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"camps. So . . . and I've talked to\nseveral veterans and, you know, they were like, \"Well, we felt like we had to\nbecause you didn't know what they were going to do to our families in the\ncamps.\" So . . . now, my grandfather fortunately didn't have to go overseas\nbecause he had a young child. So if you had . . . and didn't he have a bad back?\n\nA. FURUKAWA: Mm-hmm.\n\nD. FURUKAWA: Yes, so he didn't have to go over to ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/100896/file/199413#t=1080.0,1110.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/100896/file/199413/transcript/49300/annotation/38","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Europe. But there actually\nwere Nissei that fought in the Pacific too. That's one area that's not very\nwell-known. But if you spoke fluent Japanese, you were actually able to serve in\nthe military intelligence service and act as a translator and interrogator. So .\n. . and I know a lot of the Japanese men wanted to go fight the Japanese in the\nPacific but were not allowed unless you were fluent in Japanese.\n\nBERMAN: ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/100896/file/199413#t=1110.0,1140.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/100896/file/199413/transcript/49300/annotation/39","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"All in total, how long were you in the camp? How many years?\n\nA. FURUKAWA: How many years was it?\n\nD. FURUKAWA: Didn't you go, you went in 1942 and then you left in 1945? Grandpa\nleft early, right?\n\nA. FURUKAWA: Oh, yes, he worked.\n\nD. FURUKAWA: Yes, my grandpa left the camp I think in late 1944 looking for\njobs. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/100896/file/199413#t=1140.0,1170.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/100896/file/199413/transcript/49300/annotation/40","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Because once the FBI realized that they weren't a threat, they let the men\nleave in search of jobs. My grandfather went to Cleveland, Ohio and then when\nthe war ended then he came back and got grandma and my father and they joined\nhim in Cleveland.\n\nBERMAN: So they let the men leave, but not the families.\n\nD. FURUKAWA: Correct.\n\nBERMAN: What was, do you remember what it was like when you were told you could\njust leave and go ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/100896/file/199413#t=1170.0,1200.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/100896/file/199413/transcript/49300/annotation/41","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"home?\n\nD. FURUKAWA: Did you feel good when they said you could leave the camps?\n\nA. FURUKAWA: No. I was so young. I didn't feel nothing, you know? I was happy.\n\nBERMAN: What about the farm? What about the property?\n\nA. FURUKAWA: Oh yes, the government took it because most of them didn't pay it\nup, you know.\n\nD. FURUKAWA: And did you say . . .\n\nA. FURUKAWA: A lot of homes had mortgage. Our house was a big mortgage, so ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/100896/file/199413#t=1200.0,1230.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/100896/file/199413/transcript/49300/annotation/42","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"just\nforget about it, you know . . .\n\nD. FURUKAWA: And didn't you say that the stuff you put in storage was all broken\nand had been stolen, pilfered through.\n\nA. FURUKAWA: Yes, yes, yes.\n\nBERMAN: Where was it held, the things in storage?\n\nA. FURUKAWA: Well, our . . . truck [indistinct: 20.48] give it to the . . . not\ngive it to, but the next door neighbor's boy taking care, you know.\n\nD. FURUKAWA: So they put in like a barn?\n\nA. FURUKAWA: Yes. But . . .\n\nBERMAN: ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/100896/file/199413#t=1230.0,1260.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/100896/file/199413/transcript/49300/annotation/43","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"So in other words, after the war there was . . .\n\nA. FURUKAWA: Oh they give us some, yes, money, yes . . .\n\nBERMAN: But the farm . . . did you go back into farming?\n\nA. FURUKAWA: Oh, no, no.\n\nD. FURUKAWA: Yes, they pretty much left California entirely. Now my grandma's\nsister, she actually has one kind of positive story, where Aunt Molly and Uncle\nBob owned a grocery store in Sacramento. And ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/100896/file/199413#t=1260.0,1290.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/100896/file/199413/transcript/49300/annotation/44","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"didn't . . . who was it that ran\nthe store for them while they were in camp?\n\nA. FURUKAWA: They had friends, I think.\n\nD. FURUKAWA: Yes, somebody ran the grocery store for them while they were in\ncamp, so when they got out they were able to come back and resume running the\ngrocery store. So they didn't lose their, you know, business, unlike most people.\n\nBERMAN: Has the government compensated you over the years?\n\nD. FURUKAWA: ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/100896/file/199413#t=1290.0,1320.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/100896/file/199413/transcript/49300/annotation/45","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Yes, in 1988 President Reagan signed the Civil Liberties Act and\nthat actually gave redress or compensation to all intern . . . internment\nsurvivors of $20,000 each and a public congressional apology which is huge to\nget congress to apologize for anything. But ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/100896/file/199413#t=1320.0,1350.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/100896/file/199413/transcript/49300/annotation/46","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"you know, that was definitely\nsomething that the Japanese American community basically had been working on\nsince, you know, the end of the war, really.\n\nBERMAN: Dave, as fourth generation?\n\nD. FURUKAWA: Mm-hmm.\n\nBERMAN: How do you feel about what happened to the Japanese during World War II?\nI mean, how do you describe it in terms of . . . ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/100896/file/199413#t=1350.0,1380.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/100896/file/199413/transcript/49300/annotation/47","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"you know, you personally?\n\nD. FURUKAWA: You know, I've always kind of had an interest in history. You know,\nI remember as a little boy looking at photographs in grandma's attic and asking\nquestions. But you know, it didn't really hit, hit the heart. But, really, when\nSeptember 11 happened in 2001, and I remember, you know, going out on ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/100896/file/199413#t=1380.0,1410.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/100896/file/199413/transcript/49300/annotation/48","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"December,\non September 12, and looking at people that looked, you know . . . Arabic,\nthinking, \"Oh . . . \" You know, and then it dawned on me, it's like, that's\nexactly the way people looked at our family on December 8. At that point, I\nsaid, you know, this is important, and you know, it needs to be discussed and\ntold ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/100896/file/199413#t=1410.0,1440.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/100896/file/199413/transcript/49300/annotation/49","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"because, you know, these kind of things could possibly happen again. So\nit's almost been like a crusade of mine to go out and educate the public about,\nyou know, camp. Not only the bad things, but also the good things. But you know,\nobviously, if you think about hysteria, a war, people get scared, you know. So,\nI mean, I can understand why it ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/100896/file/199413#t=1440.0,1470.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/100896/file/199413/transcript/49300/annotation/50","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"happened, but was it right? No. But, you know,\nwe can't let it happen again.\n\nBERMAN: You mentioned, just a few seconds ago, that there were some good things\nabout the camp. Can you tell me what some of those were?\n\nD. FURUKAWA: Well, I mean, certainly . . . like my parents, they were only four\nand five years old when they were in camp. So if you ask them about their\nexperiences in camp, ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/100896/file/199413#t=1470.0,1500.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/100896/file/199413/transcript/49300/annotation/51","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"they're going to tell you it was lots of fun. I mean, they\nwere playing, you know, they probably never played with that many Japanese, you\nknow, kids in their entire life. They didn't have a care in the world except to\ngo to school. So, you know, for them it probably was a good time. But, certainly\nthe lessons that my grandparents and parents have instilled in me as far as, ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/100896/file/199413#t=1500.0,1530.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/100896/file/199413/transcript/49300/annotation/52","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"you\nknow . . . striving to do your best, not being too outspoken about stuff. I\nthink that's been really one of the big positive influences in who I am, so I\nthink that's probably one of the biggest legacies that has come out of all of this.\n\nBERMAN: You also mentioned that it was very important to you to go back and\nvisit the sites that . . . of the camps ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/100896/file/199413#t=1530.0,1560.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/100896/file/199413/transcript/49300/annotation/53","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"where your parents and grandparents\nwere. Why was that so important to you?\n\nD. FURUKAWA: If you have a connection or a grounding with, you know, where they\nwere, it kind of . . . well, you know, it's kind of like, I went to Dachau and\nMunich many years ago, actually I've been there twice. The first time I went,\nyou know, it was just a moving experience, but the ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/100896/file/199413#t=1560.0,1590.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/100896/file/199413/transcript/49300/annotation/54","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"second time I went I was\nlooking in the museum and there was a 442nd memorial in there. And I was like,\nthe 442nd was at Dachau? And I came back and I read up on it and I found out,\nwhy yes, they were. So, you know, I think the pilgrimage was necessary to give,\nyou know . . . so I could feel roots to where my parents and grandparents ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/100896/file/199413#t=1590.0,1620.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/100896/file/199413/transcript/49300/annotation/55","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and\ngreat-grandparents actually were. Just a quick story, when we went to Topaz,\nUtah, the curator of the museum there, she knew all the sites so we told her\nwhat barracks, what block, that my grandparents lived on and she took us right\nto the site. And there's nothing there really, except for concrete pads and lots\nof debris, because it's pretty much left like the way it was when the camps were\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/100896/file/199413#t=1620.0,1650.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/100896/file/199413/transcript/49300/annotation/56","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"closed and the townspeople stripped everything. But just outside of the doorway\nwhere my grandparents' door would be, there was a rock garden, and it was\nexactly like the rock garden my grandfather used to make in Ohio. So I knew that\nhe put those rocks there. And it was just like . . .\n\nBERMAN: That had to be very moving. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/100896/file/199413#t=1650.0,1680.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/100896/file/199413/transcript/49300/annotation/57","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Well, I . . . think we've covered pretty\nmuch everything and I am so appreciative of you both participating in this\nproject. It's a very important project to us at the Breman and I am thrilled\nthat you came here today and were interviewed. Thank you.\n\nD. FURUKAWA: Thank you.\n\nA. FURUKAWA: Thank you.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/100896/file/199413#t=1680.0,1710.0"}]},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/100896/file/199413/annotation_set/1110","type":"AnnotationPage","label":{"en":["Annotations [Transcript]"]},"items":[{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/100896/file/199413/annotation_set/1110/annotation/58","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eDave Furukawa is the grandson of Anna Furukawa. His parents were Ronald and Marian (Sakuma) Furukawa. His great-grandparents were immigrants from Japan who settled in the United States.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/100896/file/199413#t=0.0,30.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/100896/file/199413/annotation_set/1110/annotation/59","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eAnna Furukawa’s parents were immigrants from Japan who settled along the West Coast of the United States. When Anna was young, she spent some time back in Japan and then returned to the United States before the outbreak of World War II. During the war, Anna, her husband, and her family were incarcerated in US government camps simply because they were Japanese Americans.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/100896/file/199413#t=0.0,30.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/100896/file/199413/annotation_set/1110/annotation/60","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe William Breman Jewish Heritage Museum in Atlanta celebrates and commemorates Jewish history, culture, and art through events and museum spaces. The Breman also contains the Cuba Family Archives for Southern Jewish History, which houses thousands of manuscripts, oral histories, and photograph collections, related to Southern Jewish history and the Holocaust.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/100896/file/199413#t=0.0,30.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/100896/file/199413/annotation_set/1110/annotation/61","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003e“The Art of Gaman: Arts and Crafts from the Japanese American Internment Camps 1942-1946” was a traveling exhibit, which was hosted at the Breman in 2012. While there, the Breman also incorporated the stories of local residents who had been themselves or whose families had been incarcerated in the Japanese American WWII concentration camps.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/100896/file/199413#t=0.0,30.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/100896/file/199413/annotation_set/1110/annotation/62","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThere are several terms, derived from the Japanese language, that describe Japanese immigrants and the succeeding generations. Issei is the first generation (the immigrant generation), Nisei is second generation (the American born children of immigrant parents), Sansei is the third generation, and Yonsei is the fourth generation.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/100896/file/199413#t=30.0,60.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/100896/file/199413/annotation_set/1110/annotation/63","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThere are several terms, derived from the Japanese language, that describe Japanese immigrants and the succeeding generations. Issei is the first generation (the immigrant generation), Nisei is second generation (the American born children of immigrant parents), Sansei is the third generation, and Yonsei is the fourth generation.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/100896/file/199413#t=30.0,60.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/100896/file/199413/annotation_set/1110/annotation/64","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThere are several terms, derived from the Japanese language, that describe Japanese immigrants and the succeeding generations. Issei is the first generation (the immigrant generation), Nisei is second generation (the American born children of immigrant parents), Sansei is the third generation, and Yonsei is the fourth generation.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/100896/file/199413#t=30.0,60.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/100896/file/199413/annotation_set/1110/annotation/65","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eWakayama-ken is a prefecture of Japan located on the Kii Peninsula in the Kansai region on the largest Japanese island, Honshu.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/100896/file/199413#t=30.0,60.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/100896/file/199413/annotation_set/1110/annotation/66","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eSacramento is the capital city of California, United States.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/100896/file/199413#t=60.0,90.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/100896/file/199413/annotation_set/1110/annotation/67","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe Russo-Japanese War was fought from February 1904 to September 1905 between Russia and Japan. The war grew out of conflicts between empires over influence and control in Asia.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/100896/file/199413#t=60.0,90.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/100896/file/199413/annotation_set/1110/annotation/68","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eHonshu is Japan’s most populous island. It is also the largest Japanese island in terms of land area.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/100896/file/199413#t=150.0,180.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/100896/file/199413/annotation_set/1110/annotation/69","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003ePearl Harbor is located on the island of Oahu, Hawaii, and remains an active US Navy base. On December 7, 1941, Pearl Harbor was bombed by the Japanese military. In response, the United States declared war on Japan, thus bringing the United States into World War II.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/100896/file/199413#t=240.0,270.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/100896/file/199413/annotation_set/1110/annotation/70","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eExecutive Order 9066 was a United States presidential executive order issued during World War II. U.S. President Franklin D. Roosevelt signed it on February 19, 1942, authorizing the Secretary of War to remove people from certain military areas. Although its content did not specifically discuss Japanese Americans, in reality, Executive Order 9066 was used to force the relocation and incarceration of Japanese Americans to “relocation centers.” These “centers” were in fact prisons (now increasingly called concentration camps to reflect the targeted racism and forced incarceration endured by Americans of Japanese descent at these sites).\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/100896/file/199413#t=420.0,450.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/100896/file/199413/annotation_set/1110/annotation/71","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eDuring World War II, the US government turned the Fresno County Fairgrounds (located in California) into a temporary detention camp (known as the Fresno Assembly Center). These camps, officially called “assembly centers,” were where Japanese Americans were incarcerated before the US government forcibly moved them to the more permanent concentration camps, which were officially called “relocation centers.”\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/100896/file/199413#t=450.0,480.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/100896/file/199413/annotation_set/1110/annotation/72","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eDuring World War II, the US government turned the Santa Anita Racetrack (located in California) into a temporary detention camp (known as the Santa Anita Assembly Center). These camps, officially called “assembly centers,” were where Japanese Americans were incarcerated before the US government forcibly moved them to the more permanent concentration camps, which were officially called “relocation centers.”\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/100896/file/199413#t=450.0,480.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/100896/file/199413/annotation_set/1110/annotation/73","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eAssembly centers were where Japanese Americans were incarcerated before the US government forcibly moved them to the more permanent concentration camps, which were officially called “relocation centers.”\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/100896/file/199413#t=450.0,480.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/100896/file/199413/annotation_set/1110/annotation/74","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe Jerome Relocation Center was one of ten “relocation centers” where in all over 110,000 Japanese Americans were incarcerated during World War II. These “centers” were in fact prisons (now increasingly called concentration camps to reflect the targeted racism and forced incarceration endured by Americans of Japanese descent at these sites). The Jerome Relocation Center was located in southeastern Arkansas.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/100896/file/199413#t=540.0,570.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/100896/file/199413/annotation_set/1110/annotation/75","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe Rohwer Relocation Center was one of ten “relocation centers” where in all over 110,000 Japanese Americans were incarcerated during World War II. These “centers” were in fact prisons (now increasingly called concentration camps to reflect the targeted racism and forced incarceration endured by Americans of Japanese descent at these sites). The Rohwer Relocation Center was located outside of McGehee in Desha County, Arkansas.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/100896/file/199413#t=570.0,600.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/100896/file/199413/annotation_set/1110/annotation/76","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eDuring World War II, the US government turned the Tanforan Racetrack (located in California) into a temporary detention camp (known as the Tanforan Assembly Center). These camps, officially called “assembly centers,” were where Japanese Americans were incarcerated before the US government moved them to the more permanent concentration camps, which were officially called “relocation centers.”\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/100896/file/199413#t=570.0,600.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/100896/file/199413/annotation_set/1110/annotation/77","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eTopaz Relocation Center (also known as the Central Utah Relocation Center) was one of ten “relocation centers” where in all over 110,000 Japanese Americans were incarcerated during World War II. These “centers” were in fact prisons (now increasingly called concentration camps to reflect the targeted racism and forced incarceration endured by Americans of Japanese descent at these sites). The Topaz Relocation Center was located near Delta, Utah.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/100896/file/199413#t=570.0,600.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/100896/file/199413/annotation_set/1110/annotation/78","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eShikata ga nai is a well-known Japanese phrase that translated into English means “nothing can be done” or “it can’t be helped.”\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/100896/file/199413#t=870.0,900.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/100896/file/199413/annotation_set/1110/annotation/79","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eAccording to the Smithsonian American Art Museum webpage for the exhibition, “The Art of Gaman: Arts and Crafts from the Japanese American Interment Camps, 1942-1946,” gaman is a “Japanese word that means to bear the seemingly unbearable with dignity and patience.”\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/100896/file/199413#t=870.0,900.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/100896/file/199413/annotation_set/1110/annotation/80","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eTule Lake Relocation Center was one of ten “relocation centers” where in all over 110,000 Japanese Americans were incarcerated during World War II. These “centers” were in fact prisons (now increasingly called concentration camps to reflect the targeted racism and forced incarceration endured by Americans of Japanese descent at these sites). The Tule Lake Relocation Center was located in Modoc County, California.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/100896/file/199413#t=930.0,960.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/100896/file/199413/annotation_set/1110/annotation/81","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eFormed in 1942, the 100th Infantry Battalion was a unit within the US Army during World War II. The primarily Nisei (second generation Japanese Americans) battalion was at first composed largely of former members of the Hawaii National Guard, but over the course of the war it included Japanese Americans from other areas of the United States. The 100th was incorporated into the Japanese American 442nd Regimental Combat Team in 1944. For its service length and size, the 100th/442nd became the most decorated unit in the history of the United States armed forces, including 21 Medal of Honor recipients.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/100896/file/199413#t=1020.0,1050.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/100896/file/199413/annotation_set/1110/annotation/82","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eCleveland is a city in the northeastern section of Ohio. It is the county seat of Cuyahoga County.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/100896/file/199413#t=1170.0,1200.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/100896/file/199413/annotation_set/1110/annotation/83","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eAfter years of activism by Japanese Americans, the Civil Liberties Act of 1988 was finally signed into law by President Ronald Reagan on August 10, 1988. This federal act included a presidential apology for the wartime incarceration of Japanese Americans and $20,000 in reparations for each living survivor of the camps.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/100896/file/199413#t=1320.0,1350.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/100896/file/199413/annotation_set/1110/annotation/84","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eEstablished in 1933, Dachau was an early Nazi concentration camp and was subsequently used as a model for other camps. It was located in southern Germany near the town of Dachau. Over 200,000 prisoners were incarcerated there between 1933 and 1945 and the number of those who died at this horrific camp is estimated to be in the tens of thousands. American troops liberated Dachau on April 29, 1945.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/100896/file/199413#t=1560.0,1590.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/100896/file/199413/annotation_set/1110/annotation/85","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eFormed in 1943, the 442nd Regimental Combat Team of the United States Army was composed of Japanese Americans from both the mainland United States and Hawaii. During World War II, they participated in many important battles in Europe, including in Italy and France. The families of many of its soldiers from the mainland were subject to incarceration by the US government solely due to being of Japanese descent. In 1944, the Japanese American 100th Infantry Battalion was incorporated into the 442nd. For its service length and size, the 100th/442nd became the most decorated unit in the history of the United States armed forces, including 21 Medal of Honor recipients.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/100896/file/199413#t=1590.0,1620.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/100896/file/199413/annotation_set/1110/annotation/86","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eFor the majority of their wartime service, the 522nd Field Artillery Battalion was the artillery unit for the 442nd Regimental Combat Team. Beginning in March 1945, the 522nd received separate assignments away from the 442nd and thus became the only Japanese American unit to fight in Germany. During their time in Germany, soldiers from the 522nd liberated prisoners from sub-camps of the Dachau death camp.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/100896/file/199413#t=1590.0,1620.0"}]},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/100896/file/199413/index/59267","type":"AnnotationPage","label":{"en":["Furukawa, Dave and Anna [Index]"]},"items":[{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/100896/file/199413/index/59267/annotation/87","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Family History and Anna's Childhood","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Title"]}}],"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/100896/file/199413#t=26.0,258.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/100896/file/199413/index/59267/annotation/88","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I wanted to begin by asking you, Dave, please tell me a little bit about your family, when they immigrated to the United States and where they immigrated to.","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Partial Transcript"]}}],"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/100896/file/199413#t=26.0,258.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/100896/file/199413/index/59267/annotation/89","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"California, United States","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Farming (California)","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Immigration","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Japan","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Japanese American Communities","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}}],"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/100896/file/199413#t=26.0,258.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/100896/file/199413/index/59267/annotation/90","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Pearl Harbor, Executive Order 9066, and Life in the Camps","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Title"]}}],"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/100896/file/199413#t=258.0,830.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/100896/file/199413/index/59267/annotation/91","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Did your family ever speak with you about where they were, how they felt when they heard that Pearl Harbor had been bombed?","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Partial Transcript"]}}],"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/100896/file/199413#t=258.0,830.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/100896/file/199413/index/59267/annotation/92","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Executive Order 9066","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Fresno Assembly Center","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Japanese American Incarceration (World War II)","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Jerome Relocation Center","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Pearl Harbor","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Rohwer Relocation Center","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Santa Anita Assembly Center","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Tanforan Assembly Center","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Topaz Relocation Center","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}}],"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/100896/file/199413#t=258.0,830.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/100896/file/199413/index/59267/annotation/93","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Reflections on Incarceration; Japanese Americans' Wartime Service; Leaving the Camps","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Title"]}}],"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/100896/file/199413#t=830.0,1192.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/100896/file/199413/index/59267/annotation/94","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Did your parents or your grandparents ever talk about how they felt? I mean, the anger or the . . . how just mystified they were that . . . here they were, American citizens, and they were rounded up. Do you recall the feelings?","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Partial Transcript"]}}],"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/100896/file/199413#t=830.0,1192.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/100896/file/199413/index/59267/annotation/95","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Cleveland, Ohio","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Japanese American Military Service (World War II)","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Shikata ga nai","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Tule Lake Relocation Center","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}}],"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/100896/file/199413#t=830.0,1192.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/100896/file/199413/index/59267/annotation/96","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Life after the Camps; Government Reparations; Personal Significance of Wartime Experiences","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Title"]}}],"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/100896/file/199413#t=1192.0,1709.483"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/100896/file/199413/index/59267/annotation/97","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"What was, do you remember what it was like when you were told you could just leave and go home?","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Partial Transcript"]}}],"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/100896/file/199413#t=1192.0,1709.483"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/100896/file/199413/index/59267/annotation/98","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Civil Liberties Act of 1988","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Dachau Concentration Camp","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Japanese American Military Service (World War II)","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Reparations (World War II)","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}}],"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/100896/file/199413#t=1192.0,1709.483"}]}]}]}