{"@context":"http://iiif.io/api/presentation/3/context.json","id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/iiif/3x83j39m0q/manifest","type":"Manifest","label":{"en":["Cohen, Elliott"]},"logo":"https://d9jk7wjtjpu5g.cloudfront.net/organizations/logo_images/000/000/082/original/TheBreman_SecondaryMark_Horizontal_Blue_Black.png?1713640889","metadata":[{"label":{"en":["Date"]},"value":{"en":["2006-05-09 (creation)"]}},{"label":{"en":["Format"]},"value":{"en":["Video"]}},{"label":{"en":["Source"]},"value":{"en":["William Breman Jewish Heritage Museum","Esther and Herbert Taylor Oral History Collection","Elliott and Judith Cohen Oral History Collection","Jewish Oral History Project of Atlanta"]}},{"label":{"en":["Description"]},"value":{"en":["\u003cp\u003eElliott Cohen was interviewed by Sandra Berman on May 9, 2006 in Atlanta, Georgia.\u003c/p\u003e (general)","\u003cp\u003eElliott Cohen was born on April 2, 1936 in Chicago, Illinois. His birth father died in 1940 and his mother remarried his adoptive father in 1942. He attended and graduated Northwestern University in 1957 and the University Of Chicago School Of Law in 1960. He met his wife, Judith Mesirow Cohen, in Chicago and the two were married in 1960. Elliott and Judith had two children, Jill and Jeffrey Cohen.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eIn 1972, the Cohen family moved to Atlanta, Georgia where they led a very prosperous life. Elliott worked at a Lipshutz, May, Zussman, and Sikes, local Jewish law firm in Atlanta. After five years, Elliott left the firm and became a founding partner in the law firm now known as Cohen Pollock Merlin Turner. Elliott’s intentions when creating the new firm was to make a firm where the attorneys would put some of the success back into the community, either through civic or charitable pursuits.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eElliott was very involved in the Atlanta Jewish community, both through work and through charitable giving. He and Judith donated to the Jewish Federations of North America in both Atlanta and Chicago. Elliott served as a Director with The American Jewish Joint Distribution Committee for over 20 years. He and Judith went on several missions to help both Russian Jews and other Jewish people in need around the world. The two were extremely influential in the resettlement process of Russian Jews who moved to Atlanta. He also served on the executive board of many local nonprofit organizations, including the Jewish Family \u0026amp; Career Services while Judith was its President. Elliott also played a role in the founding of the Breman Museum in Atlanta.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eElliott grew up in an Orthodox synagogue and received Orthodox training for seven years. He and Judith belonged to a number of Conservative and Reform congregations in Atlanta, including Temple Sinai and Ahavath Achim Synagogue, before finally settling with Congregation Or Hadash.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eElliott and Judith Cohen passed away from COVID-19 on July 29, 2020. They are survived by their daughter Jill, their daughter-in-law Susan Sikora Cohen, and their three grandchildren, Jordan, Dionysus, and Ashley Cohen.\u003c/p\u003e (bioghist)","\u003cp\u003eThe interview begins with Elliott discussing his early life, life in Chicago, and his education. He also talks about how he met his wife, Judith, and how they decided to move to Atlanta, Georgia. Elliott briefly mentions working for a law firm and opening his own firm in Atlanta before reminiscing more about his childhood and the role Judaism played. Elliott talks about growing up with a Conservative religious education and how he and Judith decided to join a Conservative synagogue in Chicago.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eElliot describes what Atlanta was like when he and his family moved there in 1972. He discusses what the professional life in Atlanta was like and how he got involved in the Jewish community and the Federation System in Chicago and Atlanta. Elliott recalls who his earliest friends were in the Jewish community when he first came to Atlanta. He also details his earliest involvement with the Jewish Federations of North America and the Federation mission he went on to Poland that ultimately changed his life.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eThe interview moves on to discuss Elliott’s involvement with Russian immigration and the Russian Jewry. He recalls how he was asked to spearhead an effort to start a small Holocaust museum and how that interest helped bring Russian Jewry to the forefront. He also details his first and second trips to the Soviet Union. He talks about the people and friends he met on his trips to the Soviet union and the experiences he had while on the missions. He reflects on the friendships he made with some Soviet Jews and shares stories about his closer friends.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eElliot describes the resettlement process the Russian Jews had to go through to immigrate to Israel or the United States. He talks about the role the American Jewish Joint Distribution Committee (JDC) played in helping Russian Jews both in their communities and when they left Russia. He mentions the locations in Ladispoli and Maranello, Italy where the Russian Jews went to await processing to come to the United States. Elliot recalls how his wife, Judith, was asked to teach English to the Russian Jews at Ladispoli and how that was really the beginning of their field work for the JDC.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eElliot shares why some Americans were upset that Russian Jews were resettling in the United States rather than in Israel and discusses what the acclimation process was like for those who chose to resettle in America. He also recounts the role Jewish Family \u0026amp; Career Services played in aiding those resettling in Atlanta.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eElliot mentions that he has no desire to return to the Soviet Union again now that the Jewish people who wanted to come to the United States and Israel had made the move. He discusses the number of Jewish people who are living in Russia by choice and how Russia has changed since he went on his first trip to the Soviet Union.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eThe interview moves on to discuss the Jewish Federation of Greater Atlanta and its leaders. Elliott discusses how his involvement in the Federation has dwindled over the years and how the Federation changed as its directors changed. He reflects on his opinions of and experiences with the Federation’s former director David Sarnat. He also recalls how the relationships between professionals and organizations like the United Jewish Communities (UJC) and the United Jewish Appeal (UJA) has changed over time and how those changes bothered him.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eElliott talks about his current involvement at the Joint and his past work for them in the field. He recounts his missions to Albania and Argentina to help teach English and his experiences seeing Jewish goodness being spread around the world. He also talks about his involvement in getting the Breman Museum started and helping to introduce the Holocaust into school curriculums in Georgia.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eThe interview closes with Elliott discussing his family and their synagogue affiliations. He talks about the great work his wife has done in the Jewish community and with Jewish Family \u0026amp; Career Services. He also mentions his children, Jill and Jeff, and their accomplishments. Elliott details Jill’s work with Jewish Family \u0026amp; Career Services and how proud he is of his children. He also discusses his time at Temple Sinai and how they eventually moved to a few different congregations trying to find a good fit for their family. Elliott talks about finally settling at Congregation Or Hadash and how he and Judith are happy with their new congregation.\u003c/p\u003e (scope content)"]}},{"label":{"en":["Source Metadata URI"]},"value":{"en":["https://archivesspace.thebreman.org/repositories/2/archival_objects/28500"]}},{"label":{"en":["Rights Statement"]},"value":{"en":["\u003cp\u003eAll rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, recorded by any information storage and retrieval system, without the express written consent of the William Breman Jewish Heritage Museum.\u003c/p\u003e"]}},{"label":{"en":["Subject"]},"value":{"en":["Elliott Cohen (personal name)","Judith Mesirow Cohen (personal name)","Jill Cohen (personal name)","Jeffrey Lee Cohen (personal name)","H. Stephen \"Steve\" Merlin (personal name)","Martin M. Pollock (personal name)","Judge Marvin Herman Shoob (personal name)","David I. Sarnat (personal name)","Steve Rakitt (personal name)","Harriet Leibowitz (personal name)","Henry Leibowitz (personal name)","Dr. Mark Silverman (personal name)","Diana Silverman (personal name)","Dr. Jerry Blumenthal (personal name)","Elaine Blumenthal (personal name)","Cantor Isaac Goodfriend (personal name)","Rabbi Arnold M. Goodman (personal name)","Rabbi Richard J. Lehrman (personal name)","Viktoria Tsimberov (personal name)","Pavel Tsimberov (personal name)","Sidney Feldman (personal name)","James T. Laney (personal name)","Northwestern University (corporate name)","University of Chicago Law School (corporate name)","Cornell University (corporate name)","Cohen Pollock Merlin Turner (corporate name)","Lipshutz, Macy, Zussman, and Sikes (corporate name)","Temple Sinai (corporate name)","Congregation Shearith Israel (corporate name)","Congregation Or Hadash (corporate name)","Ahavath Achim Synagogue (corporate name)","Jewish Federations of North America (JFNA) (corporate name)","Jewish Federation of Greater Atlanta (corporate name)","Union of Councils for Jews in the Former Soviet Union (UCSJ) (corporate name)","American Jewish Joint Distribution Committee (The Joint) (JDC) (corporate name)","United Jewish Communities (UJC) (corporate name)","United Israel Appeal (UIA) (corporate name)","United Jewish Appeal (UJA) (corporate name)","Jewish Family \u0026amp; Career Services (JFCS) (corporate name)","Chabad (corporate name)","William Breman Jewish Heritage Museum (corporate name)","International Federation of Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies (IFRC) (corporate name)","Holocaust - Victims of Fascism (corporate name)","Chicago, Illinois (geographic term)","Atlanta, Georgia (geographic term)","Moscow, Russia (geographic term)","Saint Petersburg, Russia (geographic term)","Tashkent, Ukraine (geographic term)","Vienna, Austria (geographic term)","Ladispoli, Italy (geographic term)","Maranello, Italy (geographic term)","Buenos Aires, Argentina (geographic term)","Gondar, Ethipoia (geographic term)","Elbasan, Albania (geographic term)","Soviet Union (geographic term)","Israel (geographic term)","United States of America (geographic term)","Poland (geographic term)","Russian Jewry (topical term)","Russian Immigration (topical term)","Resettlement (topical term)","Refuseniks (topical term)","Yom Kippur War (topical term)","Six-Day War (topical term)","Holocaust (topical term)","Anti-Semitism (topical term)","Bar Mitzvah (topical term)","Bat Mitzvah (topical term)","Orthodox Judaism (topical term)","Conservative Judaism (topical term)","Reform Judaism (topical term)","Jewish Community (topical term)","Atlanta Jewish Community (topical term)","Russian Jewish Community (topical term)"]}}],"summary":{"en":["\u003cp\u003eElliott Cohen was interviewed by Sandra Berman on May 9, 2006 in Atlanta, Georgia.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eElliott Cohen was born on April 2, 1936 in Chicago, Illinois. His birth father died in 1940 and his mother remarried his adoptive father in 1942. He attended and graduated Northwestern University in 1957 and the University Of Chicago School Of Law in 1960. He met his wife, Judith Mesirow Cohen, in Chicago and the two were married in 1960. Elliott and Judith had two children, Jill and Jeffrey Cohen.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eIn 1972, the Cohen family moved to Atlanta, Georgia where they led a very prosperous life. Elliott worked at a Lipshutz, May, Zussman, and Sikes, local Jewish law firm in Atlanta. After five years, Elliott left the firm and became a founding partner in the law firm now known as Cohen Pollock Merlin Turner. Elliott’s intentions when creating the new firm was to make a firm where the attorneys would put some of the success back into the community, either through civic or charitable pursuits.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eElliott was very involved in the Atlanta Jewish community, both through work and through charitable giving. He and Judith donated to the Jewish Federations of North America in both Atlanta and Chicago. Elliott served as a Director with The American Jewish Joint Distribution Committee for over 20 years. He and Judith went on several missions to help both Russian Jews and other Jewish people in need around the world. The two were extremely influential in the resettlement process of Russian Jews who moved to Atlanta. He also served on the executive board of many local nonprofit organizations, including the Jewish Family \u0026amp; Career Services while Judith was its President. Elliott also played a role in the founding of the Breman Museum in Atlanta.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eElliott grew up in an Orthodox synagogue and received Orthodox training for seven years. He and Judith belonged to a number of Conservative and Reform congregations in Atlanta, including Temple Sinai and Ahavath Achim Synagogue, before finally settling with Congregation Or Hadash.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eElliott and Judith Cohen passed away from COVID-19 on July 29, 2020. They are survived by their daughter Jill, their daughter-in-law Susan Sikora Cohen, and their three grandchildren, Jordan, Dionysus, and Ashley Cohen.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe interview begins with Elliott discussing his early life, life in Chicago, and his education. He also talks about how he met his wife, Judith, and how they decided to move to Atlanta, Georgia. Elliott briefly mentions working for a law firm and opening his own firm in Atlanta before reminiscing more about his childhood and the role Judaism played. Elliott talks about growing up with a Conservative religious education and how he and Judith decided to join a Conservative synagogue in Chicago.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eElliot describes what Atlanta was like when he and his family moved there in 1972. He discusses what the professional life in Atlanta was like and how he got involved in the Jewish community and the Federation System in Chicago and Atlanta. Elliott recalls who his earliest friends were in the Jewish community when he first came to Atlanta. He also details his earliest involvement with the Jewish Federations of North America and the Federation mission he went on to Poland that ultimately changed his life.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eThe interview moves on to discuss Elliott’s involvement with Russian immigration and the Russian Jewry. He recalls how he was asked to spearhead an effort to start a small Holocaust museum and how that interest helped bring Russian Jewry to the forefront. He also details his first and second trips to the Soviet Union. He talks about the people and friends he met on his trips to the Soviet union and the experiences he had while on the missions. He reflects on the friendships he made with some Soviet Jews and shares stories about his closer friends.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eElliot describes the resettlement process the Russian Jews had to go through to immigrate to Israel or the United States. He talks about the role the American Jewish Joint Distribution Committee (JDC) played in helping Russian Jews both in their communities and when they left Russia. He mentions the locations in Ladispoli and Maranello, Italy where the Russian Jews went to await processing to come to the United States. Elliot recalls how his wife, Judith, was asked to teach English to the Russian Jews at Ladispoli and how that was really the beginning of their field work for the JDC.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eElliot shares why some Americans were upset that Russian Jews were resettling in the United States rather than in Israel and discusses what the acclimation process was like for those who chose to resettle in America. He also recounts the role Jewish Family \u0026amp; Career Services played in aiding those resettling in Atlanta.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eElliot mentions that he has no desire to return to the Soviet Union again now that the Jewish people who wanted to come to the United States and Israel had made the move. He discusses the number of Jewish people who are living in Russia by choice and how Russia has changed since he went on his first trip to the Soviet Union.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eThe interview moves on to discuss the Jewish Federation of Greater Atlanta and its leaders. Elliott discusses how his involvement in the Federation has dwindled over the years and how the Federation changed as its directors changed. He reflects on his opinions of and experiences with the Federation’s former director David Sarnat. He also recalls how the relationships between professionals and organizations like the United Jewish Communities (UJC) and the United Jewish Appeal (UJA) has changed over time and how those changes bothered him.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eElliott talks about his current involvement at the Joint and his past work for them in the field. He recounts his missions to Albania and Argentina to help teach English and his experiences seeing Jewish goodness being spread around the world. He also talks about his involvement in getting the Breman Museum started and helping to introduce the Holocaust into school curriculums in Georgia.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eThe interview closes with Elliott discussing his family and their synagogue affiliations. He talks about the great work his wife has done in the Jewish community and with Jewish Family \u0026amp; Career Services. He also mentions his children, Jill and Jeff, and their accomplishments. Elliott details Jill’s work with Jewish Family \u0026amp; Career Services and how proud he is of his children. He also discusses his time at Temple Sinai and how they eventually moved to a few different congregations trying to find a good fit for their family. Elliott talks about finally settling at Congregation Or Hadash and how he and Judith are happy with their new congregation.\u003c/p\u003e"]},"requiredStatement":{"label":{"en":["Attribution"]},"value":{"en":["\u003cp\u003eAll rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, recorded by any information storage and retrieval system, without the express written consent of the William Breman Jewish Heritage Museum.\u003c/p\u003e"]}},"provider":[{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/aboutus","type":"Agent","label":{"en":["William Breman Jewish Heritage Museum"]},"homepage":[{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/","type":"Text","label":{"en":["William Breman Jewish Heritage Museum"]},"format":"text/html"}],"logo":[{"id":"https://d9jk7wjtjpu5g.cloudfront.net/organizations/logo_images/000/000/082/original/TheBreman_SecondaryMark_Horizontal_Blue_Black.png?1713640889","type":"Image"}]}],"thumbnail":[{"id":"https://d9jk7wjtjpu5g.cloudfront.net/collection_resource_files/thumbnails/000/119/090/small/Cohen_Elliott.mp4_1625590400.jpg?1625576001","type":"Image","format":"image/jpeg"}],"items":[{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46037/file/119090","type":"Canvas","label":{"en":["Media File 1 of 1 - Cohen_Elliott.mp4"]},"duration":4135.632,"width":640,"height":360,"thumbnail":[{"id":"https://d9jk7wjtjpu5g.cloudfront.net/collection_resource_files/thumbnails/000/119/090/small/Cohen_Elliott.mp4_1625590400.jpg?1625576001","type":"Image","format":"image/jpeg"}],"items":[{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46037/file/119090/content/1","type":"AnnotationPage","items":[{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46037/file/119090/content/1/annotation/1","type":"Annotation","motivation":"painting","body":{"id":"https://aviary-p-thebreman.s3.wasabisys.com/collection_resource_files/resource_files/000/119/090/original/Cohen_Elliott.mp4?1625575997","type":"Video","format":"video/mp4","duration":4135.632,"width":640,"height":360},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46037/file/119090","metadata":[]}]}],"annotations":[{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46037/file/119090/transcript/30535","type":"AnnotationPage","label":{"en":["Cohen, Elliott [Transcript]"]},"items":[{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46037/file/119090/transcript/30535/annotation/1","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"BERMAN: Today is May 9, 2006 and I am here with Elliott Cohen who has agreed\nto be interviewed for the Elliott and Judith Cohen Oral History Collection of\nthe Esther and Hebert Taylor Oral History Project of the William Breman Jewish\nHeritage Museum.\n\nCOHEN: Yes.\n\nBERMAN: I'd like to thank you very much for being here and for agreeing to do\nthis interview.\n\nCOHEN: My pleasure.\n\nBERMAN: We'd like you to begin by speaking a little bit about your earlier life\nin Chicago [Illinois], when ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46037/file/119090#t=0.0,30.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46037/file/119090/transcript/30535/annotation/2","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"you were born, and your education.\n\nCOHEN: Easy. I was born April 2, 1936. My father died when I was four years old.\nMy mother remarried when I was six. I was adopted by my father at the age of\nseven. I'm the only Cohen who's not a Cohen. I had public school education. We\nwere lower middle class. I slept in a ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46037/file/119090#t=30.0,60.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46037/file/119090/transcript/30535/annotation/3","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"closet until I was in my second year in\ncollege because we had no funds. I was lucky enough to win a full scholarship to\nNorthwestern [University] and then a full scholarship to the University of\nChicago Law School. I graduated Northwestern in 1957 and University of Chicago\n1960. At the end of my college, I worked in a men's store seven days a week,\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46037/file/119090#t=60.0,90.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46037/file/119090/transcript/30535/annotation/4","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"through law school. I met Judith [Mesirow Cohen] the last summer of law school.\nI had dated her twice when I was told that she was going to New York for some\nconsultation. Turned out that she had a carotid tumor which was malignant. She\nwas operated on in August and came back in September. We continued dating in\nSeptember and the following June we were married. Like ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46037/file/119090#t=90.0,120.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46037/file/119090/transcript/30535/annotation/5","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"good Jewish children, we\ndid what our parents said. We had a child ten and a half months after we were\nmarried and another one 25 months after that. We, I practiced law in Chicago\nwith two firms for ten years. In the tenth year my life began to change. I was\nnot happy living where I was living, in a Jewish community which was a country\nclub ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46037/file/119090#t=120.0,150.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46037/file/119090/transcript/30535/annotation/6","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and a lot of inherited money. I think at that time I had a superiority\ncomplex to be candid. Shortly after Christmas in 1960 -- 1970, excuse me, we had\nbeen in California. I saw what it would be like and could be like to live in a\ndifferent atmosphere. In April or May ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46037/file/119090#t=150.0,180.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46037/file/119090/transcript/30535/annotation/7","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"of 1971, I told our folks that we were,\nhad business in Atlanta [Georgia], ah excuse me, yeah, in Atlanta, and told my\nfirm that we had a social engagement in Atlanta. You might ask why Atlanta? We\nhad decided to move from Chicago for health reasons, for weather reasons, as I\nsaid for social reasons, and we wanted a place that would be ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46037/file/119090#t=180.0,210.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46037/file/119090/transcript/30535/annotation/8","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"close for Judith's\nfolks. I had lost both my folks by the time I was 29 so they were my family. We\nwanted to move to a place which would be easy for them to reach, visit us, one\nthat would be temperate rather than too hot. So we had a list of cities. On that\nlist of cities was Atlanta. Judith and I decided to come here first simply\nbecause we heard of the Memorial Arts and thought that was enough of a\nconnection to warrant coming. We came, we ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46037/file/119090#t=210.0,240.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46037/file/119090/transcript/30535/annotation/9","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"fell in love with it and decided the\nnext day to move here. No job, no family, no anything. I'd break my kids' necks\nif they had done what I did. Be that as it may, fortune smiled and six months\nlater I was associated with a law firm here, and we moved.\n\nBERMAN: Did you have to retake the bar?\n\nCOHEN: No, in those days, for anyone who had practiced ten years or more there\nwas reciprocity. So I came in under reciprocity.\n\nBERMAN: What was the ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46037/file/119090#t=240.0,270.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46037/file/119090/transcript/30535/annotation/10","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"law firm?\n\nCOHEN: It was Lipshutz, Macy, Zussman, and Sikes, which at that time was a\nmedium sized Jewish firm. They were very good to me. It was the age of\nspecialization. I had a specialty which was state planning, the tax law. I came\nin as a partner. I stayed there five years, when, as events would happen, I was\nfortunate enough to start my own small firm which I am pleased to say today has\nabout 35 lawyers.\n\nBERMAN: That's a wonderful story. A success ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46037/file/119090#t=270.0,300.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46037/file/119090/transcript/30535/annotation/11","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"story.\n\nCOHEN: Well, even more so, my original partners, Steve Merlin and Marty Pollock,\nand I have been together and we've never had an argument in all the years we've\npracticed law, never had a real difference of opinion. It was a very fortune\nlife experience for me to practice law under those circumstances.\n\nBERMAN: That's wonderful. Going back to your childhood life, what kind of role\ndid Judaism play in you growing up?\n\nCOHEN: My ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46037/file/119090#t=300.0,330.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46037/file/119090/transcript/30535/annotation/12","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"mother was the kind of person who took a broken siddur, about which\nshe knew nothing, would go into my bedroom closet, close the door, say her\nprayers and cry. My father thought he was Orthodox because he was bigoted and\nbecause once a year when he did say yizkor for his parents, he went to an\nOrthodox synagogue. I, on the other hand, had seven years of Orthodox training.\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46037/file/119090#t=330.0,360.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46037/file/119090/transcript/30535/annotation/13","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I was successful in refusing the efforts of the rabbi to get me to go to, to\ncontinue in school and I had very little religion formally. I knew how to daven,\nthat was all that was important in my day. I felt comfortable emotionally in\ntraditional to Orthodox. Judith, on the other hand, came from a very, very\nReform family. So ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46037/file/119090#t=360.0,390.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46037/file/119090/transcript/30535/annotation/14","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Reform that the first and probably the only argument I ever\nhad with my father-in-law was wearing a kippah at my wedding. He did not want to\nwear one and out of respect for my grandfather, I insisted that he did. He took\nit off as quickly as anything could be taken off. But the fact of the matter is,\nwhen we married and had children and wanted to associate, we went to a\nConservative synagogue in Highland Park, Illinois, which is where we lived at\nthe time. They had an ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46037/file/119090#t=390.0,420.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46037/file/119090/transcript/30535/annotation/15","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"organ, which they had inherited and I was most disturbed\nby hearing that music in a synagogue. Whereupon Judith said, \"Look, if this is\nhow you feel about Conservatism, let's not even go to Reform.\" So we joined a\nConservative synagogue. My children started bar and bat mitzvah programs there\nand were in those programs at the time we moved. When we moved to Atlanta, ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46037/file/119090#t=420.0,450.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46037/file/119090/transcript/30535/annotation/16","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"the\nonly Reform synagogue, and Judith had said she wanted to try Reform, which\nallowed bar and bat mitzvahs, was a new temple being formed called Temple Sinai.\nSo we were charter members of Temple Sinai. Over the years we've gone back to\nConservative Judaism.\n\nBERMAN: Describe when you moved here what Atlanta was like. What are your\nearliest memories of what the city was really like when you first got ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46037/file/119090#t=450.0,480.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46037/file/119090/transcript/30535/annotation/17","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"here?\n\nCOHEN: Coming from Chicago, Atlanta was a very small town. The first thing, of\ncourse, that impressed us was the beauty of the place. The people were so\nwonderful. We moved to a neighborhood recommended by our broker. We knew not one\nplace from another, [not] one area from another. She told us, \"This is where you\nwant to be for the children.\" She was right by the way. Thirty four, 35 years\nlater we're still in the same house. But it was a ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46037/file/119090#t=480.0,510.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46037/file/119090/transcript/30535/annotation/18","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"welcoming community. I had\nnever seen such respect for the law in those days as I saw in Atlanta. I had\nnever seen people go out of their way to the extent they went to make people\nfeel at home. We moved in to an area in which most of the people were from\nsomewhere else, so it was a comradery that formed. It was Valhalla. I can't\ndescribe it any other way. Professionally, it was the same. There ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46037/file/119090#t=510.0,540.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46037/file/119090/transcript/30535/annotation/19","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"was enough\nwork for everybody, so if a young fellow came to my firm and I couldn't use him,\nI would send him, make some calls and send him on. People were so nice to me and\nI have to mention Judge Shoob because he was my guardian angel when I came here.\nThe only way I could repay him was in an attempt to be nice to other people who\nwere starting. I think everybody in Atlanta was like that at that time.\n\nBERMAN: What was Judge Shoob's first name?\n\nCOHEN: Marvin Shoob, Judge Marvin Shoob.\n\nBERMAN: ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46037/file/119090#t=540.0,570.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46037/file/119090/transcript/30535/annotation/20","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"What about the Jewish community? What did you find with that? Did you\ntry to immerse yourself in that?\n\nCOHEN: My history with the Jewish community I think is an interesting one. I had\nno involvement in Federation System or Jewish charity in Chicago. I must admit I\nwas taught to be charitable, never to pass by anybody asking for money. My\nmother's favorite statement was, \"You give to nine who don't deserve in order\nnot to ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46037/file/119090#t=570.0,600.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46037/file/119090/transcript/30535/annotation/21","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"miss the one who does deserve.\" I had no money to give, it was very\nsimple. When we married and I became income producing, I tried to get involved\nin the Federation in Chicago. I made my contribution as best, which was an\nhonest contribution. At the end of the year someone came to me and said, \"We'd\nlike you to move up, but your contribution, if only you could give more.\" I must\nadmit I was alienated. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46037/file/119090#t=600.0,630.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46037/file/119090/transcript/30535/annotation/22","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I would walk each December to Harris Trust Savings Bank,\nobtain a cashier's check to the Federated Fund in Chicago, put it in an\nenvelope, call it a contribution and hope that it got where it was supposed to\ngo. So I had no involvement. Quite the contrary, I was alienated from it. When\nwe came here, it was Judith who saw the Federated ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46037/file/119090#t=630.0,660.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46037/file/119090/transcript/30535/annotation/23","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"System was an opportunity to\nmake friends, become involved in the community, become integrated into the\ncommunity, and so whatever involvement I've had in things Jewish since 1971, I\nattribute to Judith. I've said it before, she's the sun, I'm the moon. She's the\none who really has the credit for the service. I've just done what I've been\nable to do.\n\nBERMAN: Did you feel an affinity to David Sarnat, a fellow Chicagoan?\n\nCOHEN: No, I didn't know David ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46037/file/119090#t=660.0,690.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46037/file/119090/transcript/30535/annotation/24","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"was from Chicago until many years later when I\nbecame involved in the Federation, which is, I think, an interesting story. I\njust had very little to do with Federation the first few years. One because I\nwas trying to build a practice, two because I had a bad experience, three\nbecause I was not that interested, and four because I didn't have money to give.\nI had already associated, improperly I think, Federation with just ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46037/file/119090#t=690.0,720.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46037/file/119090/transcript/30535/annotation/25","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"fundraising.\n\nBERMAN: Well it was a different Federation than Chicago. I know they have the\nFederation book --\n\nCOHEN: May I?\n\nBERMAN: -- where, you know, they listed all the contributors.\n\nCOHEN: They still do, but as my contributions increased I began to think the\nbook, called the Book of Life by the way, I thought it was a better and better\nidea. I once brought it down here and there was shock and dismay when I showed\nit at a committee meeting. Of course, it was rejected for Atlanta. I think it's\na very good thing by the ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46037/file/119090#t=720.0,750.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46037/file/119090/transcript/30535/annotation/26","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"way.\n\nBERMAN: Who were some of your earliest or the friends that you met when you\nfirst moved here, some people within the Jewish community?\n\nCOHEN: My first friend was my, is my dear friend and my partner of many years,\nMarty Pollock. Marty and Barbara were the very first people who had me to their\nhouse for dinner, who welcomed me into the community, gave us a very large party\nshortly after we moved to introduce us to their friends, ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46037/file/119090#t=750.0,780.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46037/file/119090/transcript/30535/annotation/27","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"most of whom became our\nfriends as well. I was very social at that time. I would say Harriet and Henry\nLeibowitz, Mark and Diana Silverman, Jerry and Elaine Blumenthal, we're all very\nclose friends. Shortly thereafter, within a year I had hired Steve Merlin, who's\nbeen my lifelong partner and friend, and my, sometimes my child, my brother, my\nadvisor, sometimes even my ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46037/file/119090#t=780.0,810.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46037/file/119090/transcript/30535/annotation/28","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"father. These were the small coterie of people with\nwhom we spent most of our time.\n\nBERMAN: So you associated with a lot of other Jews. You --\n\nCOHEN: Definitely. Definitely. I think that having come from a ghetto in the\nproper sense, the modern sense of the word, it was customary, like to like.\nWhich is not to say we didn't have non-Jewish friends, but they were very few\nand far between.\n\nBERMAN: Was it difficult to not be in a Jewish neighborhood, per ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46037/file/119090#t=810.0,840.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46037/file/119090/transcript/30535/annotation/29","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"se?\n\nCOHEN: No, because Atlanta was so small to us, the city was a neighborhood.\nThat's literally true. Coming from Chicago, which was so segregated, I don't\nthink we ever expected to live in an all-Jewish neighborhood. And it was good\nfor my children, to have others around them.\n\nBERMAN: Was it a little bit of a culture shock? Describe what it was like when\nyou heard your first southern Jew --\n\nCOHEN: Say ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46037/file/119090#t=840.0,870.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46037/file/119090/transcript/30535/annotation/30","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\"Baruch\"? It was a culture shock. But again, once we went to\nsynagogue, at the Temple Sinai, it fell into place. There was a comfort factor,\nand we grew. Now, as I became involved, I became involved in the Federated\nSystem, rather than in the synagogue, in the temple and in the synagogue. I did\nnot have time for both. So I made a choice, primarily because I think Judith was\ninvolved in the Federated System, and ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46037/file/119090#t=870.0,900.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46037/file/119090/transcript/30535/annotation/31","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that was the impetus.\n\nBERMAN: Let's talk a little bit about that --\n\nCOHEN: Sure.\n\nBERMAN: What your earliest involvement was with the Federation.\n\nCOHEN: Well here again, everything I have has to be prefaced. I had trouble in\nthe beginning, both in Chicago and here, because I had very little affinity to\nthe state of Israel. Judith has always said that she is an American Jew. I have\nto admit I'm a Jewish ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46037/file/119090#t=900.0,930.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46037/file/119090/transcript/30535/annotation/32","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"American. That created a different starting point for our\nfeelings. I had had a very bad experience, as I described, in Chicago, a turn\noff as I would say. When I came here and I first went to some meetings and heard\nabout the devotion to Israel, I felt I was a hypocrite because I couldn't feel\nthat way. When the 1973 war came, I remember vividly going to ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46037/file/119090#t=930.0,960.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46037/file/119090/transcript/30535/annotation/33","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"a fundraiser and I\ngot up and I made my statement, I made my contribution. Two days later somebody\nsaid, \"You know, we're having another meeting next week. Would you come and say\nwhat you said before?\" I said, \"Look, I can't do that. I don't know what I said.\nI said it from my heart, not my head.\" It was not a good experience for me for\nthat reason. So I really stayed on the periphery. However, in 1983 there was a\nmission from this Federation which was going to ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46037/file/119090#t=960.0,990.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46037/file/119090/transcript/30535/annotation/34","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"the Soviet Union and then on to\nIsrael. I had never hesitated to say that if I had the opportunity to go to the\nSoviet Union I would go. So I signed up for the mission, made arrangements to be\noff, away from the office. It was, the mission was scheduled two weeks after the\nKorean Airliner 007 incident. The Soviet Union was ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46037/file/119090#t=990.0,1020.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46037/file/119090/transcript/30535/annotation/35","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"dropped and in its place they\nsubstituted Poland. I said, \"As long as I've arranged the time I might as well\ngo.\" That was the trip that changed my life. I think it was a combination of the\npeople who were there on the trip, there were 67 of us, the fact that Cantor\nGoodfriend was revisiting many of his early childhood places for the first time,\nthat a child of ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46037/file/119090#t=1020.0,1050.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46037/file/119090/transcript/30535/annotation/36","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"a Holocaust survivor was there on the trip --\n\nBERMAN: Who was that?\n\nCOHEN: Adam Skorecki, who demonstrated to me inherent, existential guilt almost.\nIt was a trip in which we obviously visited the concentration camps and I\nunderstood for the first time how I really felt. That while Israel was not for\nme, it was for the Jewish people, and I had ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46037/file/119090#t=1050.0,1080.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46037/file/119090/transcript/30535/annotation/37","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"to work for that so that those that\nwanted to go, could go. I came back and that really was the start of my\ninvolvement in Federation, in things Jewish, in what I would like to think is\nhonest giving to the cause, involvement in various activities, and here we are.\n\nBERMAN: If that mission was in 1983, when did you become involved with the ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46037/file/119090#t=1080.0,1110.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46037/file/119090/transcript/30535/annotation/38","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"issue\nof Russian immigration?\n\nCOHEN: Well, it first started with the Holocaust itself. That, in 1984, shortly\nafter we came back, it was a fall mission, I was asked by Cantor Goodfriend to\nspearhead an effort to start a small Holocaust museum. With a $5,000 grant from\nthe federation, we opened a ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46037/file/119090#t=1110.0,1140.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46037/file/119090/transcript/30535/annotation/39","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"museum in the basement of the then community center.\nThat was my involvement. Expressing the interest to be involved, it didn't take\nlong before Federation came, it didn't take long before Russian Jewry came to\nthe forefront. Judith, of course, was already active through Jewish Family\nServices and Federation and the cause. I was on the committee and we started.\nThen, of course, it was the visits to the refuseniks and the love of ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46037/file/119090#t=1140.0,1170.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46037/file/119090/transcript/30535/annotation/40","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that\ndeepened and the importance of it deepened for us.\n\nBERMAN: When did you go on that first trip to the Soviet Union then?\n\nCOHEN: Interestingly enough, the first trip that I took to the Soviet Union was\nby myself. I think it was 1985. I had always wanted to see the Baikal, Lake\nBaikal in Siberia. I saw an ad in The New York Times for a trip to the Soviet\nUnion including Siberia and I took it. So my first experience with Jews in the\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46037/file/119090#t=1170.0,1200.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46037/file/119090/transcript/30535/annotation/41","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Soviet Union was quiet ad hoc. In Moscow [Russia], I managed to go to the\nsynagogue and was received with a very cold reception. I managed to see the\nsynagogue in Tashkent [Ukraine] under the watch of a KGB man out of a movie with\nthe black hat and the leather coat. So I came back, I had seen Jews --\n\nBERMAN: If I could ask a quick question?\n\nCOHEN: Sure.\n\nBERMAN: Were those synagogues just empty ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46037/file/119090#t=1200.0,1230.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46037/file/119090/transcript/30535/annotation/42","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"building or what --\n\nCOHEN: No. The synagogue in, well let's take them, the synagogue in Moscow was\na, was the Hanish [sp.] synagogue, I think it was, I'm, excuse me if I don't\nremember the name, but it was active. The people there were very cautious. Most\nof the people there were very old people. When I went to the synagogue in\nTashkent, it was down an alley in a broken down neighborhood. It was so poor\nthat ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46037/file/119090#t=1230.0,1260.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46037/file/119090/transcript/30535/annotation/43","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"when I wanted to leave a 10 ruble note they were scared to take it, they\nsaid leave two rubles. When I got to Irkutsk [Russia] and I went to the\nsynagogue, the synagogue was the second half of a factory. I went upstairs, it\nwas pristine, there was a matzah machine that looked like it had been enameled\nover each year for 40 years. There was an old man there who spoke no English. He\nasked me if I spoke Yiddish. I said, ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46037/file/119090#t=1260.0,1290.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46037/file/119090/transcript/30535/annotation/44","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\"A bissel.\" He looked at me, he said,\n[Unintelligible: 21:33, Yiddish phrases]. He told me that story, the whole story\nand there was three simple phrases. Interesting, after the exodus, he wound up\nin Israel. He died in Israel. So, that was my first involvement with Russian\nJewry which had nothing to do with Federation. But I did see them, and I did\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46037/file/119090#t=1290.0,1320.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46037/file/119090/transcript/30535/annotation/45","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"understand the condition, the condition of Jewry in general, no one specifically.\n\nBERMAN: Then you went back a second time.\n\nCOHEN: Then I went back on a mission and that's when we began to meet people,\nspecific individuals. We also became involved in the Union of Councils of Soviet\nJewry which is the guerrilla operation as opposed to the standard . . . I forget\nthe name of it. The Council ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46037/file/119090#t=1320.0,1350.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46037/file/119090/transcript/30535/annotation/46","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"on Soviet Jewry, which was mainstream.\n\nBERMAN: What year was the mission then?\n\nCOHEN: I, Judith and I have talked about it, we think it was 1985 or 1986. The\ninteresting part of that was of course hearing all the stories and listening to\nthe people. But we decided on that mission, Judith and I, that we would to go\nback on our own. When we told people we would go back, they were, \"Yes, lovely,\"\nand so forth, \"We'll keep in touch.\" It was obvious, it became obvious to us\nthat they had said that to everybody ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46037/file/119090#t=1350.0,1380.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46037/file/119090/transcript/30535/annotation/47","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"who had been there. Because everybody who\nhad been there said, \"We'll be back,\" and no one ever came back. But we came\nback six months later, the two of us, and it was an eye opener because we were\nnot on a mission, it was not programmed. We went specifically to spend time with\nour refuseniks, which we did, we really saw how they lived.\n\nBERMAN: Describe that for --\n\nCOHEN: Well, I can give you one story of our good friend Viktoria Tsimberov.\nWhen we saw them, she was ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46037/file/119090#t=1380.0,1410.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46037/file/119090/transcript/30535/annotation/48","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"dressed in a pink pants suit, she spoke beautiful\nEnglish, British English, which is what the Russians learned. She was trying to\nlearn American English. [She] had us read to her. [She] had a grand piano in her\nliving room, the remnants of how she said they used to live. Her daughter was a\nconcert pianist. We had, she made dinner for us, and she called, she served us\nsatellite chicken. Satellite ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46037/file/119090#t=1410.0,1440.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46037/file/119090/transcript/30535/annotation/49","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"chicken was a chicken that didn't come from Russia\nbecause it had some meat on it. So we ate, we spent wonderful evenings,\nafternoons with them, talking. That was the first, when we went back the second\ntime she was wearing that same pink suit. We realized that first impressions are\nlasting impressions. That was the only good outfit she had there. So we started\na campaign, Judith, of course, was I think instrumental in ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46037/file/119090#t=1440.0,1470.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46037/file/119090/transcript/30535/annotation/50","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"it at our temple, a\ncard writing campaign. The following Rosh Hashanah where they ultimately came to\nthe United States, they had told us that when they went through Ovier, which was\nthe immigration agency in the Soviet Union, the post cards were piled in the\ncorner. That made us feel very, very good. We visited others, we saw\n[Unintelligible: 24:55, a name, possibly Vaygon, Bhagwan, Baygon, or something\nsimilar] wife, he was still in prison at the ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46037/file/119090#t=1470.0,1500.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46037/file/119090/transcript/30535/annotation/51","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"time. She was slightly arrogant,\nultra-religious and obviously very little connection to us. She was more\ninterested in finding out if we were genuine in the cause than anything else.\nShe quizzed us before she let us in the house. We met young people, old people.\nIt was wonderful. It was just . . .\n\nBERMAN: The first trip was more of a programmed trip. The second trip was --\n\nCOHEN: It was indeed ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46037/file/119090#t=1500.0,1530.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46037/file/119090/transcript/30535/annotation/52","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"a programmed trip. We were given the names of people to\nsee. We were with a group, half the group went to Leningrad [Russia] and then\nMoscow. We went Moscow and then Leningrad.\n\nBERMAN: Which trip was more of an eye opener?\n\nCOHEN: Oh, the second trip. The second trip. First of all, it was much scarier\nbecause Judith and I were, pardon me, traveling in probably June with six\nsuitcases coming into the Soviet Union. We had 35 millimeter cameras, we had\nsnow suits, we had ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46037/file/119090#t=1530.0,1560.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46037/file/119090/transcript/30535/annotation/53","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"salamis, tapes. It was, she had a letter from one of the day\nschools here, and I begged her not to take it because I was afraid we'd get to\ncustoms and we're the only Jews on the plane, it's the last plane at night,\neverybody comes over to us. We were there at least an hour and a half being\ninterrogated. I had started smoking that minute after eight years of not\nsmoking, I was so nervous. I was taken ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46037/file/119090#t=1560.0,1590.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46037/file/119090/transcript/30535/annotation/54","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"away. They went through everything.\nUltimately they kept only the salamis and the CDs. We went back with our friends\nsix days later, finally got the CDs. They let us in. We were only afraid, not\nthat we would be in jail, we never thought we were that important, but that they\nwould throw us out and our whole trip and all the expense, which at that time\nwas real expense, would be lost. But that didn't happen. That was the trip that\nwe really cemented some ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46037/file/119090#t=1590.0,1620.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46037/file/119090/transcript/30535/annotation/55","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"friendships.\n\nBERMAN: Describe some of those friendships and how, and their enduring qualities.\n\nCOHEN: Well, as I said, the Tsimberovs became very good friends of ours. We\ncommunicated with them, we were able to call them. In those days, you could\narrange the calls with the people in the Soviet Union a week in advance at a\ntime certain. We did, we kept in touch. When they came to the United States,\nthey came to New Jersey. We brought them down here and it was a fascinating\nweek, ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46037/file/119090#t=1620.0,1650.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46037/file/119090/transcript/30535/annotation/56","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"weekend of giving them an idea of what American life was like. They\ncouldn't understand why there was no rotten food at the food markets. They\ncouldn't understand what the yellow line was down the road. They couldn't, they\nwere mind boggled by all of the Evangelists, Evangelical television they saw.\nJudith had had everyone gather clothing for them and Victoria was awestruck that\nwhy were people giving away all these ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46037/file/119090#t=1650.0,1680.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46037/file/119090/transcript/30535/annotation/57","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"clothes? By the way, they ultimately were\ndivorced, which was very common. They stayed together, we later found out, to\ncome to the United States, then divorced. He is remarried with a child. She is a\nprofessor of Russian at Cornell [University]. In fact, we spoke with her two,\nthree weeks ago. Another friend of ours who wanted to go to Israel, we met with\nhim and ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46037/file/119090#t=1680.0,1710.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46037/file/119090/transcript/30535/annotation/58","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"he was young. He had, his parents were in the military. They had\ndifficulty getting out because of that. They went to Israel. Other friends of\nours, young fellow, seventeen years old, baked a pie for us because his mother\nwasn't there. We stayed in touch with him and we'll see him in Israel and his\ngrown children now. So we've had wonderful experience[s] ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46037/file/119090#t=1710.0,1740.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46037/file/119090/transcript/30535/annotation/59","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and somewhat different\nthan many people here who approached it as a wonderful thing with great\nsincerity but then moved on. I don't think we've been able to move on. I mean,\nthese people are no longer Russian Jews, they're our friends.\n\nBERMAN: That's wonderful.\n\nCOHEN: We've been very lucky, we've been very lucky.\n\nBERMAN: To get back to the whole issue of resettlement, how was it decided who\nwent to Israel, who came to the United ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46037/file/119090#t=1740.0,1770.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46037/file/119090/transcript/30535/annotation/60","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"States? How, describe for us then that\nwhole process.\n\nCOHEN: Well, now I have to shift because in 1987 I went on the board of the\nAmerican Jewish Joint Distribution Committee and I'm still there all these years\nlater. In fact, I think I'm about one of the oldest people there now. The Joint,\nwhich is the American arm of overseas giving for the Jewish community, was\nprimarily responsible for the care of Soviet Jews. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46037/file/119090#t=1770.0,1800.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46037/file/119090/transcript/30535/annotation/61","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"They were the last\norganization to be asked to leave the Soviet Union in 1934, 1935. They were the\nfirst to come back into the Soviet Union, to be asked by the Soviet Government\nto come back because we had done a non-Sectarian project during the earthquake\nin Armenia and when the Russian government began glasnost, we were asked to come\nand represent the Jewish community. So we ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46037/file/119090#t=1800.0,1830.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46037/file/119090/transcript/30535/annotation/62","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"began community centers which in those\ndays were books, just hundreds of books on things Jewish, figuring people would\ncome to read the books which would bring the community together which would\nenable us to identify them, which would involve the local community and not\noutsiders. Specifically when the exodus started, we were keeping people in\nVienna [Austria], the flow became so large, Vienna so expensive that we had to\nfind other ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46037/file/119090#t=1830.0,1860.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46037/file/119090/transcript/30535/annotation/63","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"places to keep them. So the staff found resorts on the coast of Italy\nand some, the famous one, of course, was Ladispoli [Italy], north of that I\nbelieve was Maranello [Italy] and so forth. They began to send the people there\nbecause people who wanted to come to the United States had to be processed. In\nthe beginning they were not automatic refugees. That came later. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46037/file/119090#t=1860.0,1890.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46037/file/119090/transcript/30535/annotation/64","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"If they came\nfrom the Soviet Union to Vienna and wanted to leave for Israel, the Jewish\nagency was in Vienna and took them immediately to Israel. Those who did not want\nto go to Israel, and there were a lot of Americans who were very unhappy that\nevery Jew from the Soviet Union didn't go to Israel, and I'll explain why later,\nbut if they didn't come, excuse me, if they didn't go ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46037/file/119090#t=1890.0,1920.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46037/file/119090/transcript/30535/annotation/65","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"right to Israel, they had\nto be processed. Vienna, as I said, was too expensive so they went to Italy. It\ndidn't take long before we had $26 million of debt funding these people, food,\nclothing, shelter, trying to acclimate them to freedom. None of them really knew\nwhat the United States was. It was a fascinating period. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46037/file/119090#t=1920.0,1950.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46037/file/119090/transcript/30535/annotation/66","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"It was there that\nJudith steeped herself in it. I was supposed to go to Ethiopia for the Joint on\na mission. There was unrest in Gondar [Ethiopia] which is where the Jews were\nand the mission was cancelled. However, when I had planned the trip Judith said,\n\"Well, maybe I'll go and maybe I can do something for the Joint the two weeks or\nten days that you're there.\" I asked them and they said, \"Well, ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46037/file/119090#t=1950.0,1980.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46037/file/119090/transcript/30535/annotation/67","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"okay. We can use\nher in Ladispoli to teach English. Has she ever taught English?\" I said, \"No,\nbut she's bright, willing and able.\" They said, \"Fine.\" I think by that time\nthey knew the seriousness of our commitment to the JDC [Joint Distribution\nCommittee]. So we prepared to go. She was going to spend the week or ten days\nthere, I was going to be in Ethiopia, and then we were going to travel from\nthere. I think it was about ten days before I was to leave that the unrest\nstarted. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46037/file/119090#t=1980.0,2010.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46037/file/119090/transcript/30535/annotation/68","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"JDC called me and said, \"The mission is cancelled, you can't go. It's\ntoo dangerous, but can your wife still go to Ladispoli?\" I said, \"I'll ask her.\"\nI did and she said, \"Okay, fine.\" Then I got a call, \"Could she stay a little\nlonger?\" She said, \"Well, okay.\" Because it was all fun and games at that time\nand point. The day I took her to the airport to leave for Italy ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46037/file/119090#t=2010.0,2040.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46037/file/119090/transcript/30535/annotation/69","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"to spend two\nweeks or three weeks there, she realized she didn't know a soul there. She\ndidn't know Russian, she didn't know Italian, she had no friends. I remember\nsitting at the Atlanta airport, she looked at me and she says, \"What the hell am\nI doing?\" I said, \"Sweetheart you don't have to go.\" She says, \"Well--\" and so\nforth, so forth and then she [Unintelligible: 34:21] she went on the plane, she\nwent there, she stayed a month. She came back, she was so unhappy that ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46037/file/119090#t=2040.0,2070.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46037/file/119090/transcript/30535/annotation/70","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"she, I\nasked her, I said, \"You really want to go back, don't you?\" She said, \"Yes,\" and\nshe did. That was, I mean, she worked like nobody. I saw, I picked her up at the\nend of the second visit and I arrived there on a hot, very hot, smelly summer's\nday. There were 35 people in a room, perhaps ten by 12. I sat next to a Russian,\nwalked and sat next to a Russian who looked like Sal Mineoand ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46037/file/119090#t=2070.0,2100.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46037/file/119090/transcript/30535/annotation/71","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"smelled like\nLimburger cheese. There was my beloved with Newsweek magazines, in shorts, very\nlittle makeup, teaching these people from Newsweek how to speak English. It, you\ncan't help but look with awe at somebody like that. So that, interestingly\nenough, that started also our working in the field for JDC. I think we're the\nonly board members who have ever actually worked in the ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46037/file/119090#t=2100.0,2130.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46037/file/119090/transcript/30535/annotation/72","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"field.\n\nBERMAN: You were going to say why some American Jews were upset.\n\nCOHEN: Right. I think American Jews didn't understand Russian Jewry. We think of\nJews both ethnically and religiously. Those Jews had been cut off from religion\nfor so long that they didn't know whether Passover was the beginning of the year\nor the receiving of the Torah, they had no idea. They knew they were ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46037/file/119090#t=2130.0,2160.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46037/file/119090/transcript/30535/annotation/73","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Jewish.\nThey knew they had been persecuted by Jewish. They were identified as Jewish on\ntheir passport, which had a 'J' on it because the Soviets \"considered it a\nnationality rather than a religion.\" Now Eastern Orthodox, Russian Orthodox\ndidn't have to do that, but Jews did. Americans expected them to have this great\nfeeling for Israel, to have, to be religious and want to go to synagogue. They\nweren't ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46037/file/119090#t=2160.0,2190.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46037/file/119090/transcript/30535/annotation/74","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"religious, they had no religion. They had ethnicity. It was the feeling\nof the success in the 1967 War and then the 1973 War which brought their\nJewishness out. Their tie for Israel was their tie to ethnic, their history,\ntheir customs. So it was natural, number one, that they would not identify to\nthe extent we want them, we expected them to, with Israel. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46037/file/119090#t=2190.0,2220.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46037/file/119090/transcript/30535/annotation/75","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Secondly, they had\nsuffered economically, educationally, they, like our grandparents, saw the\nUnited States as the land of gold. What little they knew was from the people who\ncame there with their cameras and their rings and their nice clothing. That's\nhow they saw America. All they knew about Israel was that it was hot, it was in\nwar and so it was understandable, at least to Judith and me, that people like\nthat ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46037/file/119090#t=2220.0,2250.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46037/file/119090/transcript/30535/annotation/76","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"would chose the United States. Secondly, who are we to tell them where to\ngo? Had we been in their same place, we probably would have done what they did.\nThat's . . .\n\nBERMAN: Has the Joint or the Federation done any kind of study on which was an\neasier acclimation process, Israel or the United States?\n\nCOHEN: To my knowledge, and ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46037/file/119090#t=2250.0,2280.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46037/file/119090/transcript/30535/annotation/77","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I can only speak from the Joint's point of view, we,\nour mission is to address populations at risk in the Soviet Union, in Israel,\nexcuse me. So it was normal for us to devote a large portion of our budget to\ntheir acclimation, to their training, to [Unintelligible: 38:18], to all of the\nthings that they needed. What happened is the numbers got bigger and bigger, the\ninfluence and the necessity got less and less because there were more and more\nRussian speakers. As you know today there's ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46037/file/119090#t=2280.0,2310.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46037/file/119090/transcript/30535/annotation/78","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Russian television, Russian\nnewspapers and so forth. But we were worried about those people, we worried\nabout their children. Their children grew up as Israelis that are Americans and\nthat, those were the people we were really saving, and their children, and their\nchildren's children. I think that the people who came to the United States had\ndifferent accli -- ease of acclimation depending on where they went. Some\ncommunities I ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46037/file/119090#t=2310.0,2340.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46037/file/119090/transcript/30535/annotation/79","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"know gave them some money and said, \"Good luck to you.\" Atlanta,\nand I say thanks to Judith, thanks to JFCS [Jewish Family and Children\nServices], thanks to the Federation, thanks to the synagogue, thanks to\neverybody here, embraced these people that I think the people who came here,\nthey may not have had an easy acclimation, but they had as easy an acclimation\nas they could make. That was what was important. I think we went out of our ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46037/file/119090#t=2340.0,2370.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46037/file/119090/transcript/30535/annotation/80","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"way,\nand the whole community was involved to make these people happy. For the most\npart, people we know who've come here are happy [and] have succeeded. I think it\nwas a shock to them to find out how, that we work very hard to earn a living.\nThey had very little but it was free. That was number one. Number two, they had\nno responsibility, as Judith I'm certain has told you. They, if they had a nine\no'clock appointment they ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46037/file/119090#t=2370.0,2400.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46037/file/119090/transcript/30535/annotation/81","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"come at 10:30 or 11. Why? Because the Soviet Union,\nlines were everywhere. There was no point in coming on time. They knew how to\nwork over the system, under the system, and around it, but they couldn't work\nthrough it. That was their life. It took a long time to change that mindset, but\nI think Atlanta has done a good job in doing it.\n\nBERMAN: How about work? Was it difficult to find them, in resettlement, jobs and\n. . .\n\nCOHEN: I think Jewish Family Services and, at that ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46037/file/119090#t=2400.0,2430.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46037/file/119090/transcript/30535/annotation/82","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"time, Jewish Vocational\nServices, did a phenomenal job. Sure, most of them were entry level jobs. I\nwould say that the people whom I knew were very happy to have a job. They had\ncome with titles which were meaningless to us. Everybody was an engineer. I\nthink Judith's favorite was Engineer Baby Swimming or something like that,\nbecause that was his job. I think they did well because they had a very high\nwork ethic. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46037/file/119090#t=2430.0,2460.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46037/file/119090/transcript/30535/annotation/83","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I once asked a friend of ours why it was that all the Russians who\ncame here who have suffered so were still very well educated, basically had\nschooling? His answer was very simple. If there were two places for Jews, we had\nto get one of them. So that was it. It was just that simple. I think once they\ngot hold here, once they understood the system, I think they rose like ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46037/file/119090#t=2460.0,2490.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46037/file/119090/transcript/30535/annotation/84","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"cream and milk.\n\nBERMAN: You were saying when we spoke the last time that they had quite a\nculture shock about culture --\n\nCOHEN: Oh, yes, oh, yes.\n\nBERMAN: -- it was a lack of culture that they --\n\nCOHEN: There, culture in the common sense. I think they were a much more\ncultured people because all they had was ballet, opera, symphony, books, poetry,\nthe literature. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46037/file/119090#t=2490.0,2520.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46037/file/119090/transcript/30535/annotation/85","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"When they came here and wanted to go to the symphony, they\ncouldn't afford $18 or $50 or $30 a ticket. We realized that these were very\nwell cultured people. They weren't used to paying for it. Now, in culture in the\ncommon sense, paying for an apartment, working for electricity, buying clothing,\nhaving choice was probably the most unique ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46037/file/119090#t=2520.0,2550.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46037/file/119090/transcript/30535/annotation/86","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"observation that we made, that these\npeople didn't know from choice. Because they had had so little occasion to\nchoose anything be it food, clothing, shelter, that when, I remember when Pavel\nTsimberov, we took him to the farmers market. We saw sweet rows and I said,\n\"Would you like one?\" He said, \"Yes.\" He went, put them in front of him and he\ncouldn't make a choice. We took him to a Dairy Queen and we said, \"Well, here's\nthe ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46037/file/119090#t=2550.0,2580.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46037/file/119090/transcript/30535/annotation/87","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"product. Now what do you want to put on it?\" By the time he put everything\non it, the thing just literally fell over because he was like a kid in a candy\nstore. These were experiences that you just, you really don't forget.\n\nBERMAN: These are wonderful. So moving them from dependence to independence --\n\nCOHEN: Yes.\n\nBERMAN: -- was the major goal and must have been --\n\nCOHEN: Absolutely.\n\nBERMAN: -- very difficult.\n\nCOHEN: Absolutely. But it was also, it was also to get their children in Jewish\nday schools, to bring Jewishness into their life, the full range of ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46037/file/119090#t=2580.0,2610.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46037/file/119090/transcript/30535/annotation/88","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Jewishness.\n\nBERMAN: Did they welcome that or were they resisting to it?\n\nCOHEN: I think there was a spectrum. I think there were those who felt Jewish\nbut didn't want to feel they had to go to synagogue. They, some was\nembarrassment, some was lack of interest. I think in any population there are\nusers, but I think for the most part these people wanted to be Jewish because\nthey saw what it meant, they learned very quickly what Judaism really meant. It\ndidn't mean ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46037/file/119090#t=2610.0,2640.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46037/file/119090/transcript/30535/annotation/89","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"persecution here. It meant togetherness and health, community. At\nleast my experience, and I think Judith would say the same thing, was that they\nwere, they acclimated quickly, they were grateful for what they had, what they\nreceived here, and there were no problems. I just didn't really see those\nproblems. Now Judith may have because she dealt with a much broader spectrum\nthan I did, being head of the whole ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46037/file/119090#t=2640.0,2670.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46037/file/119090/transcript/30535/annotation/90","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"resettlement.\n\nBERMAN: Is, do you have any conception of what the community is like today? Are\nthey still a pretty tight community?\n\nCOHEN: I think there are, from what I know from our friends, there are pockets.\nFor example, there's a pocket of those who came in 1971 before the gates closed,\nthen there are some, most who came in the late 1980's. I think there is a\ncommunity, yes, but it's on the other side of town. Most of ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46037/file/119090#t=2670.0,2700.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46037/file/119090/transcript/30535/annotation/91","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"the families are on\ntheir own. So for the defense of those who drop their adopted families, people\nmove on. They weren't meant to be lifelong friends. We were lucky that we made a\ncouple and we are friends and have stayed that.\n\nBERMAN: Any desire to go back to the Soviet Union?\n\nCOHEN: I've been back and --\n\nBERMAN: Tell us about that.\n\nCOHEN: When I went back it was just a different place. We ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46037/file/119090#t=2700.0,2730.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46037/file/119090/transcript/30535/annotation/92","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"stopped in Leningrad\non a cruise. We were with our cousins. We emerged on the streets, had the most\neye opening experience to see people looking and people walking with their heads\nup and lights and activity. They on the other hand thought it was the most\ndepressing place they'd ever been. The hotel in which we stayed on our mission,\nin which we didn't know whether to take a bath because the water was ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46037/file/119090#t=2730.0,2760.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46037/file/119090/transcript/30535/annotation/93","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"so brown we\ndidn't know whether it was better to stay dirty or get in that water. We had to\npay $60 for lunch. So they learned, the Russians learned very quickly. I don't\nhave a particular desire to go back because my people aren't there. They're\nhere, they're in Israel. Good Lord we'll see them in a few weeks.\n\nBERMAN: Are there many Jews left in the Soviet Union?\n\nCOHEN: Oh, yes. The numbers range anywhere, interesting at my meetings yesterday\nat ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46037/file/119090#t=2760.0,2790.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46037/file/119090/transcript/30535/annotation/94","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"JDC they were discussing this. The conservative is about 500,000, the average\nis about 1,000,000. The Chabad thinks they are upward, close to 5,000,000 which\nwe think is extremely high. We think there are about 1,000,000 Jews left.\n\nBERMAN: What's their status?\n\nCOHEN: Most of those have chosen to stay, be for economic reasons, it's not the\nsame place it was. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46037/file/119090#t=2790.0,2820.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46037/file/119090/transcript/30535/annotation/95","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Anti-Semitism is now back to where it was, which meant that\nit was not government, is not government sponsored anymore, although the\ngovernment is maintaining the appointments of those who lead the Jewish\ncommunity and the synagogues and so forth. They don't want to leave. I was in\nUkraine last year, interesting enough, to represent the Joint and the United\nStates in the dedication of the first ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46037/file/119090#t=2820.0,2850.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46037/file/119090/transcript/30535/annotation/96","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Holocaust museum in Ukraine. I talked to a\nman who was phenomenally wealthy, he said his wife was in Israel, his children\nwere in Israel, his parents were in Israel. I said, \"Well, why are you here?\" He\nsaid, \"Oh, I can't leave because of business.\" [I] met another one, another\nfellow there who produces I think something like 365 or 400,000,000 gallons of\nvodka a year. It's the largest, so those who are doing are doing quite well. If\nthey ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46037/file/119090#t=2850.0,2880.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46037/file/119090/transcript/30535/annotation/97","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"live in Moscow, then they're living in a unique situation. Secondly, of\ncourse, would be St. Petersburg [Russia], Leningrad. Those who live out in other\ncities need a great deal of services which the Joint is providing. The elderly\nare still there and that's a problem.\n\nBERMAN: Chabad has taken an active --\n\nCOHEN: Chabad was wonderful when we were there. Yes, Chabad is ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46037/file/119090#t=2880.0,2910.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46037/file/119090/transcript/30535/annotation/98","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"everywhere. When\nwe were in those trips in the 1980's, during the bad days, the only people who\ndidn't need anything were the religious whom Chabad was servicing. They were\nthere every month, God bless them. They had no fear. We were trembling in our\nboots at customs, they couldn't care less. One of the tapes that was being shown\nwhen I went to get our CDs back ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46037/file/119090#t=2910.0,2940.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46037/file/119090/transcript/30535/annotation/99","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"was Shlomo has a Mitzvah. Now here are these\nRussians viewing this, there are two Lubavitch with their, they couldn't have\ncared less. I was scared to death to walk in and get the CDs back and they\ncouldn't have cared less. God bless them, they did a wonderful job.\n\nBERMAN: So if we can move on from the --\n\nCOHEN: Sure.\n\nBERMAN: -- from the Russian project, speak to some of the other areas that\nyou've been involved with with ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46037/file/119090#t=2940.0,2970.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46037/file/119090/transcript/30535/annotation/100","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Federation.\n\nCOHEN: Well, once I got involved in Federation, as I said it was through the\nHolocaust museum, I was fortunate enough I headed the lawyers division one year,\nI ran a special project in 1988 to find new donors who did not have an affinity\nto Federation. I saw Federation in those days as the sole community to make a\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46037/file/119090#t=2970.0,3000.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46037/file/119090/transcript/30535/annotation/101","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"wise judgement on how my charitable dollars should be spent. So rightly or\nwrongly, I would say all of my charitable capacity, with few exceptions, came\nhere. I think it's changed drastically over the years as circumstances have\nchanged. I became an officer, I was an officer for four or six years. I headed\nvarious committees. This was my life ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46037/file/119090#t=3000.0,3030.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46037/file/119090/transcript/30535/annotation/102","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"for a number of years, a large number of years.\n\nBERMAN: Are you still involved with Federation?\n\nCOHEN: No.\n\nBERMAN: How was the Federation --\n\nCOHEN: I think I have to explain that. First of all, I was a cardinal advocate\nfor overseas, in general, in JDC in particular. It approached the time when I\nwould open my mouth and everybody's eyes would roll up because they knew the\nwords that were coming out. As priorities changed, my voice ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46037/file/119090#t=3030.0,3060.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46037/file/119090/transcript/30535/annotation/103","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"became scratchier\nand scratchier and finally I realized that one, the situation had changed, the\nJewish world had changed, and number two, that my loyalty was elsewhere. So I\ndid less, less and less, my last project here was an attempt to have Federation\nsynagogues come together. It was a wonderful year experience. I had the, ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46037/file/119090#t=3060.0,3090.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46037/file/119090/transcript/30535/annotation/104","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"all\ndenominations sitting together, I had big chaverims sitting next to the\nOrthodox. They all went on a mission together to a study group. I did that for a\nyear and then as I understand the following year or the year after that it was\ndisbanded. That was my last real involvement other than as a contributor.\n\nBERMAN: How do you feel Federation has changed, again, since ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46037/file/119090#t=3090.0,3120.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46037/file/119090/transcript/30535/annotation/105","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"David, under David\nSarnat to under Steve Rakitt, because it moved in a different direction with a\ndifferent director?\n\nCOHEN: I think, that's a very good question and I think a very complex question\nto be answered by someone who can only give you his own personal impressions.\nDavid Sarnat was a doctrinaire President. He has his philosophy, he had his\nagenda. He was very bright, knew ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46037/file/119090#t=3120.0,3150.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46037/file/119090/transcript/30535/annotation/106","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"exactly what he wanted to accomplish, and in my\nopinion accomplished it in any way he could. He also seemed, to me, at the time,\nto be much more overseas oriented. My complaint with him, and I have to add that\nDavid and I often spoke, more often argued, very rarely agreed, but yet I always\nrespected his opinion because I thought he came from a very bright place. As I\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46037/file/119090#t=3150.0,3180.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46037/file/119090/transcript/30535/annotation/107","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"became involved in New York and saw that the overseas community, Jewish\ncommunity was national, I began to resent the fact that I thought David was\nkeeping it local. He was not allowing our peers, for example, the Zabans, to\nmeet their peers from other cities to see what their level of giving was, what\ntheir level of involvement was. I was always upset because the campaign, to me,\nwas always more money from the same people and people sometimes ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46037/file/119090#t=3180.0,3210.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46037/file/119090/transcript/30535/annotation/108","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"reach a limit if\nyou're giving honestly and you just can't give more, and then you wonder what\nyour success was. When David left, by the time David left, the Jewish world was\nvery different. If you know there was the UJC [United Jewish Communities] which\nwas the common pot in New York owned by JDC and UIA [United Israel Appeal],\nwhich was the agency really. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46037/file/119090#t=3210.0,3240.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46037/file/119090/transcript/30535/annotation/109","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Then we began this local campaign for more money.\nAt the same time that the System itself was changing, communities like David\nwere beginning to act on their own, which meant they would start their own\nprojects, have their own missions. Well the UJC at that time became less\nsignificant. David was a spearhead to change UJC into, excuse me, UJA [United\nJewish Appeal], into ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46037/file/119090#t=3240.0,3270.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46037/file/119090/transcript/30535/annotation/110","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"UJC, which was to be the organization which the\nFederations, rather than the professionals in New York, had the input. I think\nthat the professionals abandoned UJC as a baby. So the dichotomy started between\noverseas, local, between the national organizations and the local Federations. I\ndon't think this was unique to Atlanta, but it affected me greatly because of my\nconcern for the wellbeing and ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46037/file/119090#t=3270.0,3300.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46037/file/119090/transcript/30535/annotation/111","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"well-funding of JDC, which funded, in those days,\nsolely through the System. By the time David left, we were doing a community\ncapital campaign of $50,000,000, which in my estimation, and as I grew older I\nbecame more cynical, was not a community campaign when you had by that time\nperhaps 90,000 Jews and you had 400 or 700 contributors to the campaign and two\npeople giving perhaps 60 percent of the campaign. But we began to ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46037/file/119090#t=3300.0,3330.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46037/file/119090/transcript/30535/annotation/112","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"focus inward,\nproperly so. I'm not saying that we shouldn't have done what we did, but I began\nto feel there was an abandonment looking inward, which I, bothered me, troubled\nme, I resented, I fought against. I became more and more ineffective here. I\nbecame less attractive here. So as I grew older I began to give up all my\ncharitable obligations except ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46037/file/119090#t=3330.0,3360.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46037/file/119090/transcript/30535/annotation/113","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"JDC which, of course, I can't do. When Steve came,\nby the time Steve came, I was gone. So I don't know how Steve, I like him\npersonally, I think he's, from what I see, he's an entirely different\npersonality, certainly well qualified, wonderful personality. I think he's done\nwonderful things here. I don't think our community is as involved in that area,\nwhich is ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46037/file/119090#t=3360.0,3390.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46037/file/119090/transcript/30535/annotation/114","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"important to me, as much as it should be and certainly as much as it was.\n\nBERMAN: Well, it's wonderful that you found a love with the Joint Distribution\nCommittee. I've always admired the Joint because we have records in the archives\nthat honestly go back to, oh, the Thirties and the Forties that's just a\nwonderful collection of material on all that they did for, to try to get people\nout before the Holocaust and then going back --\n\nCOHEN: ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46037/file/119090#t=3390.0,3420.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46037/file/119090/transcript/30535/annotation/115","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"During and --\n\nBERMAN: -- and then going back after. So it's wonderful. What is your role there\nnow? What do you do at the Joint?\n\nCOHEN: I am on the, at the Joint, I'm on the executive committee, I'm head of\nthe legal, Chairman of the legal committee, I'm on the audit committee, I'm on\nthe Latin America committee, the Asia-Africa committee, the Russian committee.\nI've worked for them in the field twice.\n\nBERMAN: ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46037/file/119090#t=3420.0,3450.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46037/file/119090/transcript/30535/annotation/116","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Where have you gone?\n\nCOHEN: I've, during Kosovo something happened to me at the office and I really\nfelt I had to go. We were running a non-Sectarian camp for the Kosovars in\nElbasan, Albania, which is 30 miles and two hours from Tirana [Albania], the\ncapital. I asked if I could go and quite frankly, because of Judith's experience\nin Ladispoli, they knew that we were serious about what we were doing and they\nsaid okay. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46037/file/119090#t=3450.0,3480.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46037/file/119090/transcript/30535/annotation/117","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"So I spent two or two and a half weeks in Elbasan, also teaching\nEnglish, living in a hotel called Hotel, walking the streets, eating the same\nlunch and the same dinner every day. It was a phenomenal experience to see\nJewish goodness being spread in the world, to sit at meetings and to see the\nIranian and Turkish and Jew, Israeli and ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46037/file/119090#t=3480.0,3510.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46037/file/119090/transcript/30535/annotation/118","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"French and Japanese Representatives all\nsitting together, to see the Magen David and the Red Cross and the Red Crescent\nall working together. It was wonderful. It was a magnificent experience.\n\nBERMAN: Where was your other one?\n\nCOHEN: Judith and I spent three weeks a year, two years ago, it'll be two years,\nteaching English in Buenos Aires [Argentina] because of the collapse of the\nmiddle class there. We asked, again we just wanted to do something, ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46037/file/119090#t=3510.0,3540.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46037/file/119090/transcript/30535/annotation/119","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and they\nrecommended that and we said, \"Fine.\" So we just moved down there for three\nweeks and I think we taught four classes a day for five days a week.\n\nBERMAN: Just if we could re --\n\nCOHEN: Sure.\n\nBERMAN: -- go back. You got involved with trying to get a small Holocaust museum\nstarted for the community.\n\nCOHEN: Correct. Correct. The person really responsible for that, for getting us\nthat $5,000 was Sidney Feldman, ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46037/file/119090#t=3540.0,3570.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46037/file/119090/transcript/30535/annotation/120","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"bless his memory. David was not enthusiastic\nabout it, David Sarnat. I was told to go talk to Sidney Feldman. Sidney Feldman\nlistened to my story and the request that we had. We said, \"You give us $5,000,\nsomehow we'll raise the other $5,000.\" It was $10,000 to have a museum built. He\nmade an appointment with me, for me, with David. He attended. The meeting was\nabout four minutes long. David ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46037/file/119090#t=3570.0,3600.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46037/file/119090/transcript/30535/annotation/121","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"said, \"I don't think so.\" Sidney started talking\nand after a couple of sentences David said, \"Okay, you got your $5,000.\" That's\nhow we started. Started in the basement, as I said, of the community center. We\ntried to do more, tried to do better. We really did not have money to do it. We\ndid have a committee however, which decided that we would like to have state\neducation as other states were ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46037/file/119090#t=3600.0,3630.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46037/file/119090/transcript/30535/annotation/122","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"beginning to do. We went to the governor and we\nformed a Holocaust commission. Jim Laney, who was then Dean of Emory\n[University], and I were co-Chairman for the Holocaust commission. We convened a\nseries of meetings with teachers and so forth and it did not take long but what,\nthe Holocaust was included in the curriculum, not as Holocaust directly, but as\nhuman relations and so forth. It was used as ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46037/file/119090#t=3630.0,3660.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46037/file/119090/transcript/30535/annotation/123","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"an object lesson. I'm proud to say\nthat was the incubation of the people who come to the Breman today.\n\nBERMAN: I never knew that. I mean, all these years I didn't know of your\ninvolvement and that's when I started, in 1985, and I'd like to just take a\nminute --\n\nCOHEN: Sure.\n\nBERMAN: -- to thank you because that was a, the starting point for what we have\ntoday, where we have 25,000 school children coming every year.\n\nCOHEN: Well, but my efforts were really small. There were a ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46037/file/119090#t=3660.0,3690.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46037/file/119090/transcript/30535/annotation/124","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"lot of people who\nwere with me who came after me --\n\nBERMAN: It was --\n\nCOHEN:-- and I'm not being modest, it's true. It became a cause important.\nThat's really what happened.\n\nBERMAN: So let's talk a little bit about your family.\n\nCOHEN: Okay.\n\nBERMAN: Take a few minutes to --\n\nCOHEN: Mention . . .\n\nBERMAN: -- say some wonderful things about your wife and your children.\n\nCOHEN: Well, you know, you haven't enough tape on here for me to talk about\nJudith, but I'm ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46037/file/119090#t=3690.0,3720.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46037/file/119090/transcript/30535/annotation/125","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"proud of her. I'm fortunate to have her. I've been taught by\nher. She is an independent thinker and independent person which I think frankly\nhas been a major cause of our marriage lasting these 45 years. She's always been\na challenge, intellectually. She's always had Jewish keit, Yiddishkeit in her\nheart, so whether it's here or JFCS, wherever else she maybe, ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46037/file/119090#t=3720.0,3750.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46037/file/119090/transcript/30535/annotation/126","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"it's the same\nJudith. She doesn't mind getting down in the field and working. She really\ndoesn't seek credit, she's modest about the credit she has, which is great\ncredit. As you know, she was honored by B'nai B'rith in New York and it was\nwonderful to see her. I was introduced, the introduction was Judith Cohen and\nher husband, Elliott. That was the first time that had ever happened. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46037/file/119090#t=3750.0,3780.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46037/file/119090/transcript/30535/annotation/127","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"It was a\ngood feeling. It was a very good feeling. So I'm very proud of her. My children,\nI, as you know, I have two children. My daughter Jill [Cohen] is 44. My son Jeff\n[Cohen] will be 42. Jeff is married, has three children. I must admit that my\ngrandson, who is the eldest, and I have a special relationship which gives me\ngreat pleasure. My daughter is an ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46037/file/119090#t=3780.0,3810.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46037/file/119090/transcript/30535/annotation/128","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"interesting story because she was not involved\nin anything Jewish. Rightly or wrongly, Judith and I held back from our children\nour charitable giving. Held back in the sense that we never told them how much\nwe did, they knew we were involved but they didn't, I don't think they ever knew\nthe money side of it. I think it's fair to say we always gave honestly and still\ndo. I think our reluctance was ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46037/file/119090#t=3810.0,3840.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46037/file/119090/transcript/30535/annotation/129","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"not having our children feel that they would get\nit if a charity didn't. We inculcated to the extent we could, some kind of\nJewishness. I don't know how successful we were, I think there were other\navenues. However, after a varied career with her double Masters, my daughter\nwent to work for Jewish Family and Career Services and that has changed her\nlife. I see in ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46037/file/119090#t=3840.0,3870.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46037/file/119090/transcript/30535/annotation/130","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"her very much her mother, both in looks and attitude and the open\nheart and the willingness to work. It's [a] great, great feeling, great satisfaction.\n\nBERMAN: What does she do for Jewish Family and Career Services?\n\nCOHEN: She is Development Coordinator. I think, frankly, she could run the whole\nthing by herself and probably do a very god job, but she's learning to work with\nother people. Okay. She's just good at it and it gives me great pride that\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46037/file/119090#t=3870.0,3900.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46037/file/119090/transcript/30535/annotation/131","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"people will say, \"Oh, I met your daughter.\" It happened to me yesterday in the\nairport in New York coming home. Somebody said, \"Aren't you Elliott Cohen?\" I\nsaid, \"Yes.\" He said, \"Oh, I just love your daughter. I work with her and I just\n. . .\" It's a great feeling. My son, on the other hand, has three children and\nhas to work so he's in a different situation. I think they feel Jewish but I\ndon't think they feel it to the same extent.\n\nBERMAN: One final question.\n\nCOHEN: Sure.\n\nBERMAN: You mentioned that you were originally at Temple Sinai --\n\nCOHEN: Yes.\n\nBERMAN: -- for a long time. Were you there during ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46037/file/119090#t=3900.0,3930.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46037/file/119090/transcript/30535/annotation/132","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"the Richard, when Richard\nLehrman was there?\n\nCOHEN: Oh, yes.\n\nBERMAN: Because we haven't had many people speak about --\n\nCOHEN: Richard, oh, okay, Dick Lehrerman was a very young rabbi. He was\napparently assistant rabbi at the Temple. As I said, when we went to the Temple,\nwe could not wear tallises, we could not have bar and bat mitzvahs, we could not\nwear kippah. That was, those were the rules which were completely alien to me.\nThey recommended this new congregation, which was Temple Sinai, which was being\nformed by the ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46037/file/119090#t=3930.0,3960.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46037/file/119090/transcript/30535/annotation/133","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"rabbi. As many synagogues, this was a cult of personality. He was\nyoung. He was dynamic. He talked family, we felt family. The original charter of\nTemple Sinai was 432 families, no more. So that we would always be together. Of\ncourse, that fell apart as divorces and second marriages and all this. When he\nwent through his ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46037/file/119090#t=3960.0,3990.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46037/file/119090/transcript/30535/annotation/134","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"divorce, it was both a very sad thing to witness and an\nuncomfortable thing to witness because it was public and he would give sermons\non loneliness and so forth. It was just, to us, at least, it was self-catharsis.\nAs one of our friends said, \"You know, I feel unhappy coming here because I've\ngot a happy marriage.\" Well, they were divorced, he continued, and then he took\nsick. Of course, when he died, ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46037/file/119090#t=3990.0,4020.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46037/file/119090/transcript/30535/annotation/135","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"the pater familias had died and so there was\ndifficulty in any rabbi coming in to follow. I might add, in a sense it's no\ndifferent from Or Hadash, to which we belong now, where it is the rabbis who\nwere the impetus for the synagogue and who are the personalities to whom people\nare attracted. So Sinai grew and grew and ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46037/file/119090#t=4020.0,4050.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46037/file/119090/transcript/30535/annotation/136","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I became more and more uncomfortable\nthere. So I would go to Shearith Israel with my daughter-in-law who had a\nConservative background. Judith was not comfortable there. Well then we were\nhaving problems on Yom Kippur where to say kaddish and so forth. Judith and I\ntalked and said, \"Well can we find a place where we can both be happy?\" At that\ntime, Rabbi Goodman, who was rabbi at AA [Ahavath Achim] was very active in\nFederation. We knew him well, we liked him, we ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46037/file/119090#t=4050.0,4080.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46037/file/119090/transcript/30535/annotation/137","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"considered him our friend. So we\njoined AA. When he left, our attachment to AA diminished and the new\ncongregation Or Hadash was formed, so we're back in Conservative now. I think\nJudith is happy, I'm happy, we're all happy.\n\nBERMAN: Well you've come full circle.\n\nCOHEN: No. I'm very happy about it.\n\nBERMAN: I'd like to thank you. Unless I've missed something --\n\nCOHEN: No.\n\nBERMAN: -- I'd love for you to --\n\nCOHEN: No, I --\n\nBERMAN: Do you have anything you'd like to add?\n\nCOHEN: I'd sum it up. I am grateful to Atlanta, to the Atlanta Jewish community.\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46037/file/119090#t=4080.0,4110.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46037/file/119090/transcript/30535/annotation/138","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I came at the right time. Life was good to us. Life is good to us. Friends are\nfamily, just a wonderful community. I leave here, I traveled the world and I am\nalways glad when the plane lands at Hartsfield and I'm home. I'm just very\ngrateful that events did what they did.\n\nBERMAN: Thank you very much.\n\nCOHEN: Thank you.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46037/file/119090#t=4110.0,4140.0"}]},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46037/file/119090/annotation_set/536","type":"AnnotationPage","label":{"en":["Annotations [Transcript]"]},"items":[{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46037/file/119090/annotation_set/536/annotation/139","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe Esther and Herbert Taylor Family Foundation supports The Esther and Herbert Taylor Oral History Collection at the Cuba Family Archives for Southern Jewish History at the Breman Museum in Atlanta, which consists of a thousand oral histories that document Jewish life in Georgia and Alabama. The Foundation was founded in 1983 and is administered by the Jewish Federation of Greater Atlanta.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46037/file/119090#t=0.0,30.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46037/file/119090/annotation_set/536/annotation/140","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe William Breman Jewish Heritage Museum in Atlanta celebrates and commemorates Jewish history, culture, and art through events and museum spaces. The Breman also contains the Cuba Family Archives for Southern Jewish History, which houses thousands of manuscripts, oral histories, and photograph collections, related to southern Jewish history and the Holocaust.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46037/file/119090#t=0.0,30.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46037/file/119090/annotation_set/536/annotation/141","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eNorthwestern University is a private research university in Evanston, Illinois. Founded in 1851, Northwestern is the oldest chartered university in Illinois and is ranked among the most prestigious academic institutions in the world.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46037/file/119090#t=60.0,90.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46037/file/119090/annotation_set/536/annotation/142","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe University of Chicago Law School is a professional graduate school of the University of Chicago. It is consistently ranked among the best and most prestigious law schools in the world and has produced many distinguished alumni in the judiciary, academia, government, politics, and business.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46037/file/119090#t=60.0,90.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46037/file/119090/annotation_set/536/annotation/143","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eJudith Mesirow Cohen (1940-2020) was a native of Chicago who relocated to Atlanta, Georgia with her attorney husband Elliott Cohen. She held leadership positions with the Atlanta Jewish Federation Women’s Division and the Jewish Family and Career Services.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46037/file/119090#t=90.0,120.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46037/file/119090/annotation_set/536/annotation/144","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eA carotid tumor, also called a chemodectoma or paraganglioma, is a growth on the side of your neck in the area where the carotid artery splits off into smaller blood vessels that carry blood to your brain.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46037/file/119090#t=90.0,120.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46037/file/119090/annotation_set/536/annotation/145","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe Woodruff Arts Center is a visual and performing arts center located in Atlanta, Georgia. Opened in 1968, the Woodruff Arts Center’s campus is the location of the Alliance Theatre, the Atlanta Symphony Orchestra, and the High Museum of Art. The Art Center was established after the 1962 plane crash in Paris, France that killed a large number of the cultural and arts community in Atlanta, and was originally known as the “Memorial Arts Center.” In 1982 it was renamed to honor its greatest benefactor, Robert W. Woodruff.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46037/file/119090#t=210.0,240.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46037/file/119090/annotation_set/536/annotation/146","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe Uniform Bar Examination (UBE) is a standardized bar exam created by the National Conference of Bar Examiners (NCBE). It is designed to test knowledge and skills that every lawyer should have before becoming licensed to practice law.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46037/file/119090#t=240.0,270.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46037/file/119090/annotation_set/536/annotation/147","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eCohen Pollock Merlin Turner began in 1977 as an estate planning firm. Today, it is a full-service law firm that provides responsive and cost-effective advice to individuals, multi-generational families, and business. Their practice areas include estate planning, general business representation, mergers and acquisitions, business transactions, technology law, commercial real estate and finance, construction law, commercial litigation, dispute resolution, creditor’s rights, and medical and dental professional law.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46037/file/119090#t=270.0,300.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46037/file/119090/annotation_set/536/annotation/148","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eH. Stephen “Steve” Merlin was born in Atlanta in 1948. He is an attorney in Atlanta, having earned his law degree at Emory University. He was president of Congregation Shearith Israel, and a board member for the Atlanta Jewish Federation of Greater Atlanta, the Hebrew Academy, the Weber School, and the William Breman Jewish Home.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46037/file/119090#t=300.0,330.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46037/file/119090/annotation_set/536/annotation/149","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eMartin M. Pollock graduated with a B.A. from Cornell University and an LL.B from the University of Pennsylvania. He was a founding member of Cohen Pollock Merlin Turner legal practice. His law specialties include arbitration and medication, business law, divorce and family law, personal injury, and car accidents.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46037/file/119090#t=300.0,330.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46037/file/119090/annotation_set/536/annotation/150","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eA \u003cem\u003esiddur\u003c/em\u003e is a Jewish prayer book, containing a set order of daily prayers. \u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46037/file/119090#t=330.0,360.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46037/file/119090/annotation_set/536/annotation/151","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eOrthodox Judaism is a traditional branch of Judaism that strictly follows the written \u003cem\u003eTorah\u003c/em\u003e and the oral law concerning prayer, dress, food, sex, family relations, social behavior, the Sabbath day, holidays, and more. \u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46037/file/119090#t=330.0,360.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46037/file/119090/annotation_set/536/annotation/152","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eYizkor\u003c/em\u003e [Hebrew: remembrance] most commonly refers to memorial prayer services held four times a year during Yom Kippur, Sukkot, Passover, and Shavuot. During the services, those who have lost a parent or a close loved one recite the \u003cem\u003eyizkor\u003c/em\u003e prayer. \u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46037/file/119090#t=330.0,360.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46037/file/119090/annotation_set/536/annotation/153","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eDavening is the act of reciting Jewish liturgical prayers during which the prayer sways or rocks lightly.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46037/file/119090#t=360.0,390.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46037/file/119090/annotation_set/536/annotation/154","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eReform Judaism is a division within Judaism, especially in North America and the United Kingdom. Historically it began in the 19th century. In general, the Reform movement maintains that Judaism and Jewish traditions should be modernized and compatible with participation in Western culture. While the \u003cem\u003eTorah\u003c/em\u003e remains the law, in Reform Judaism women are included (mixed seating, \u003cem\u003ebat mitzvah\u003c/em\u003e, and women rabbis), instrumental music is allowed in the services, and most of the service is in the local language as opposed to Hebrew. \u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46037/file/119090#t=360.0,390.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46037/file/119090/annotation_set/536/annotation/155","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eJewish men cover their heads during prayer with a small skullcap called a \u003cem\u003eyarmulke\u003c/em\u003e (Yiddish) or \u003cem\u003ekippah\u003c/em\u003e (Hebrew). Orthodox Jewish men wear it at all times to remind themselves of God’s presence. \u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46037/file/119090#t=390.0,420.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46037/file/119090/annotation_set/536/annotation/156","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eAlso known as Masorti Judaism, Conservative Judaism is a form of Judaism that seeks to preserve Jewish tradition and ritual, but has a more flexible approach to the interpretation of the law than Orthodox Judaism. It attempts to combine a positive attitude toward modern culture, while preserving a commitment to Jewish observance. In general, Conservative congregations also observe gender equality (mixed seating, women rabbis, and \u003cem\u003ebat mitzvah\u003c/em\u003e). The governing body for Conservative Judaism in the United States is the United Synagogue of Conservative Judaism (USCJ), formerly known as the United Synagogue of America. \u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46037/file/119090#t=390.0,420.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46037/file/119090/annotation_set/536/annotation/157","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eHebrew for “son of commandments.” A rite of passage for Jewish boys aged 13 years and one day. At that time, a Jewish boy is considered a responsible adult for most religious purposes. He is now duty-bound to keep the commandments, he puts on \u003cem\u003etefillin\u003c/em\u003e, and may be counted to the \u003cem\u003eminyan\u003c/em\u003e quorum for public worship. He celebrates the \u003cem\u003ebar mitzvah\u003c/em\u003e by being called up to the reading of the \u003cem\u003eTorah\u003c/em\u003e in the synagogue, usually on the next available Sabbath after his Hebrew birthday. \u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46037/file/119090#t=420.0,450.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46037/file/119090/annotation_set/536/annotation/158","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eHebrew for “daughter of commandments.” A rite of passage for Jewish girls aged 12 years and one day according to her Hebrew birthday. Many girls have their \u003cem\u003ebat mitzvah\u003c/em\u003e around age 13, the same as boys who have their \u003cem\u003ebar mitzvah\u003c/em\u003e at that age. The\u003cem\u003e bat mitzvah\u003c/em\u003e girl is now duty bound to keep the commandments. Synagogue ceremonies are held for\u003cem\u003e bat mitzvah\u003c/em\u003e girls in Reform and Conservative communities, but it has not won the approval of Orthodox rabbis. \u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46037/file/119090#t=420.0,450.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46037/file/119090/annotation_set/536/annotation/159","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eTemple Sinai was founded as a Reform congregation in 1968 and met in a variety of locations before establishing a synagogue on Dupree Drive in Sandy Springs, north of Atlanta. Rabbi Richard Lehrman was chosen as the congregation's founding rabbi. The current rabbi is Rabbi Ron Segal (2021).\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46037/file/119090#t=450.0,480.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46037/file/119090/annotation_set/536/annotation/160","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eIn Norse mythology, Valhalla [Old Norse: \u003cem\u003eValholl\u003c/em\u003e “hall of the slain”] is a majestic hall located in Asgard where slain warriors live under the leadership of the god Odin. Valhalla is depicted as a splendid palace where the warriors feast on the flesh of a boar slaughtered daily and made whole again each evening. They drink liquor that comes from a goat and they fight one another every day for sport.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46037/file/119090#t=510.0,540.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46037/file/119090/annotation_set/536/annotation/161","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eMarvin Herman Shoob (1923-2017) was a senior federal judge for the United States District Court for the Northern District of Georgia. He joined the court in 1979 after being nominated by President Jimmy Carter.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46037/file/119090#t=540.0,570.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46037/file/119090/annotation_set/536/annotation/162","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe Jewish Federations of North America represents 153 Jewish Federations and over 300 network communities, which raise and distribute more than $3 billion annually for social welfare, social services and educational needs with the objective of protecting and enhancing the well-being of Jews worldwide. After the Holocaust, the American Jewish Joint Distribution Committee (the “Joint,” or JDC), the Hebrew Immigrant Aid Society (HIAS), and other philanthropic organizations that later merged to form the JFNA worked together to support Jewish survivors. Refugees from displaced persons camps in Germany, Austria, and Italy received funds to help them resettle in places like the United States or Palestine and create new lives.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46037/file/119090#t=570.0,600.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46037/file/119090/annotation_set/536/annotation/163","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe Jewish United Fund of Metropolitan Chicago (formerly the Jewish Federation of Metropolitan Chicago) is the central philanthropic address of Chicago’s Jewish community and one of the largest not-for-profit social welfare institutions in Illinois. JUF provides critical resources that bring food, refuge, health care, education, and emergency assistance to 500,000 Chicagoans of all faiths as well as millions of Jews in Israel and around the world, funding a network 100+ agencies, schools, and initiatives.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46037/file/119090#t=600.0,630.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46037/file/119090/annotation_set/536/annotation/164","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eIn 1883, 35-year-old Norman Wait Harris founded N. W. Harris \u0026amp; Co., a small Chicago-based investment banking firm. By 1890, when Harris opened an office in New York, the company had nearly $2 million in assets. Specializing in the marketing of municipal bonds, the firm grew. In 1907, when it was selling about $70 million worth of bonds a year, the company was incorporated as the Harris Trust \u0026amp; Savings Bank. By 1922, it employed about 440 people; by 1929, it had over $100 million in assets. After World War II, the company continued to grow and became one of Chicago's leading banks. During the 1970s, when assets passed $4 billion, Harris employed about 3,500 people in the Chicago area. In 1984, when Harris ranked as the third-largest bank in Chicago, it was purchased by the Bank of Montreal. By the early 2000s, Harris (still a division of its Canadian parent) remained one of Chicago's largest banks, boasting $1.3 billion in revenues and employing nearly 6,000 people in the Chicago area.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46037/file/119090#t=630.0,660.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46037/file/119090/annotation_set/536/annotation/165","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eDavid I. Sarnat (1942- ) was hired to be executive director of the Jewish Federation of Greater Atlanta in 1978. He succeeded Max C. (Mike) Gettinger who retired. Sarnat was the third director of the Federation and served until 2000. He was also the United States Representative to the Federation System for the Jewish Agency for Israel. Sarnat developed the Jewish Community Legacy Project (JCLP) to preserve the history, artifacts, and accomplishments of generations of Jews in communities where the population is eroding and is president of the organization. Before coming to Atlanta, Sarnat was the Director for Planning at the Cleveland Jewish Community Federation.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46037/file/119090#t=660.0,690.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46037/file/119090/annotation_set/536/annotation/166","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe \u003cem\u003eBook of Life\u003c/em\u003e is an annual publication in which the Jewish United Fund of Metropolitan Chicago lists the names of donors and the amount of their gifts to the previous year’s annual campaign. \u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46037/file/119090#t=720.0,750.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46037/file/119090/annotation_set/536/annotation/167","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eHarriet Leibowitz was born in Atlanta and received a BS degree from Boston University and an MFA from Georgia State University. She is an accomplished artist whose work is exhibited widely and collected internationally. Her images are held by public and private collections including MOCA GA, the High Museum of Art, the Birmingham Museum, Elton John Photography Collection, Charles Cowles Photography Collection, Saks Fifth Avenue, the Atlanta Chamber of Commerce, and Hartsfield-Jackson International Airport. She has also had her art printed in Vanity Fair, Vibe, Graphis, Genre, Blue, and numerous fine art anthologies and catalogues. Harriet is married to Henry Leibowitz, a retired orthodontist and accomplished potter.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46037/file/119090#t=780.0,810.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46037/file/119090/annotation_set/536/annotation/168","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eDr. Mark Silverman was the founding cardiologist of the Fuqua Heart Center at Piedmont Hospital, a medical historian well-known in his field, and a teacher of anatomy and other subjects at Emory University. Silverman was born in Springfield, Ohio and attended Ohio State University and the University of Chicago School of Medicine. Silverman worked as a cardiologist for two years for the US Air Force and later joined the Emory medical faculty at Piedmont Hospital. Silverman also published numerous articles and chapters in books on medical history. Silverman was married to Diana Silverman and had a son, Adam Silverman.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46037/file/119090#t=780.0,810.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46037/file/119090/annotation_set/536/annotation/169","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eDr. Jerry Blumenthal and Elaine Blumenthal were both raised in Atlanta and have been married for more than 50 years. Together they had four children, only three of whom are now living. The couple has been very active in their community, serving on the boards of many institutions such as the William Breman Jewish Home, Ahavath Achim synagogue and GHA. (Atlanta Jewish Academy) They also have been very involved with the Jewish Federation of Greater Atlanta. \u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46037/file/119090#t=780.0,810.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46037/file/119090/annotation_set/536/annotation/170","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eBaruch\u003c/em\u003e [Hebrew: blessed] is a Hebrew word that came from the Hebrew male name \u003cem\u003eBaruch\u003c/em\u003e, which means ‘blessed’ or ‘fortunate’.  \u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46037/file/119090#t=870.0,900.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46037/file/119090/annotation_set/536/annotation/171","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe Yom Kippur War was fought by the coalition of Arab states led by Egypt and Syria against Israel from October 6 to 25, 1973. The Arabs launched a surprise attack on Yom Kippur, the holiest day in Judaism. Egyptian and Syrian forces crossed ceasefire lines to enter the Sinai Peninsula and the Golan Heights, which had been captured by Israel in the 1967 Six-­Day War. The Israelis managed to halt the Egyptian offensive and then forced them back to the pre­war lines. After the cease fire the Israelis withdrew from the Sinai Peninsula.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46037/file/119090#t=930.0,960.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46037/file/119090/annotation_set/536/annotation/172","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eKorean Air Lines Flight 007 was a scheduled Korean Air Lines flight from New York City to Seoul via Anchorage, Alaska. On September 1, 1983, the South Korean airliner servicing the flight was shot down by a Soviet Su-15 interceptor.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46037/file/119090#t=990.0,1020.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46037/file/119090/annotation_set/536/annotation/173","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eCantor Isaac Goodfriend (1924-2009) served at Ahavath Achim in Atlanta from 1966 until his retirement in 1995 as Cantor Emeritus. Cantor Goodfriend was born into a Hassidic family in Poland. At the age of 16, he was interned in a German labor camp in Piotrkow, Poland. Escaping in 1944, he was hidden by a Polish farmer and was the only member of his family to survive the war. After the war, he attended the Berlin Conservatory of Music, McGill Conservatory of Music in Montreal, Conservatoire Provincial de Quebec, and later in Ohio at the Music School Settlement and Baldwin Wallace College. Before coming to Atlanta he served as cantor at Shaare Zion in Montreal, Canada in 1952, and later at Cleveland, Ohio’s Community Temple.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46037/file/119090#t=1020.0,1050.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46037/file/119090/annotation_set/536/annotation/174","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe Holocaust was the systematic, government-sponsored attempt by the German Nazi government to annihilate the Jews of Europe between 1939 and 1945, which resulted in the deaths of 6,000,000 Jews.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46037/file/119090#t=1050.0,1080.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46037/file/119090/annotation_set/536/annotation/175","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eAdam Skorecki graduated from the University of Georgia with a BA degree and Georgetown University Law Center with a Juris Doctor degree. He is currently an attorney at Arnall, Golden, Gregory LLP where he counsels in Corporate \u0026amp; Finance and Mergers \u0026amp; Acquisitions practices, and is a member of the Logistics and Transportation industry team. From 2014 through 2017, Adam served as Senior Vice President and General Counsel of Sysco Corporation, where he gained insight into the foodservice industry. Skorecki was also involved in the continuing development of Sysco as a global company through international acquisitions and joint ventures.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46037/file/119090#t=1050.0,1080.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46037/file/119090/annotation_set/536/annotation/176","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eJewish Family and Career Services (JF\u0026amp;CS Atlanta) is a group of professionals and volunteers offering programs, and resources for individuals and families of all faiths, cultures and ages. Services include counseling, tools for employment, and support for people with developmental disabilities. JF\u0026amp;CS is a member organization of the Association of Jewish Family \u0026amp; Children's Agencies (AJFCA). JF\u0026amp;CS is a result of the merging of two separate organizations, both of which started as committees of the Jewish Federation of Greater Atlanta. The first, Jewish Family Services was founded around 1890. The agency became an autonomous organization in 1982. In 1979, Jewish Vocational Services was started. It became independent in 1985. The two agencies merged in 1997 to become JF\u0026amp;CS. The Jewish Family \u0026amp; Career Services of Atlanta hosts a Child Survivor Support Group that meets bi-monthly.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46037/file/119090#t=1140.0,1170.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46037/file/119090/annotation_set/536/annotation/177","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eRefusenik\u003c/em\u003e was an unofficial term for individuals, typically but not exclusively Soviet Jews, who were denied permission to emigrate, primarily to Israel, by the authorities of the Soviet Union and other countries of the Eastern bloc. The term \u003cem\u003erefusenik\u003c/em\u003e is derived from the “refusal” handed down to a prospective emigrant from the Soviet authorities. \u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46037/file/119090#t=1140.0,1170.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46037/file/119090/annotation_set/536/annotation/178","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eLake Baikal is a rift lake located in southern Siberia, Russia, between Irkutsk Oblast to the northwest and the Buryat Republic to the southeast. Lake Baikal is the largest freshwater lake by volume in the world, containing 22 to 23 percent of the world’s fresh surface water. It is the world’s deepest lake, it’s among the world’s clearest lakes, and is the world’s oldest lake at 25 to 30 million years old.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46037/file/119090#t=1170.0,1200.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46037/file/119090/annotation_set/536/annotation/179","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe \u003cem\u003eNew York Times\u003c/em\u003e is an American daily newspaper, founded and continuously published in New York City since September 18, 1851. \u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46037/file/119090#t=1170.0,1200.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46037/file/119090/annotation_set/536/annotation/180","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eMoscow, on the Moskva River in western Russia, is the nation’s cosmopolitan capital. In its historic core is the Kremlin, a complex that’s home to the President and Tsarist treasures in the Armoury. Outside its walls is Red Square, Russia’s symbolic center.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46037/file/119090#t=1200.0,1230.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46037/file/119090/annotation_set/536/annotation/181","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eTashkent is the capital and largest city of Uzbekistan, as well as the most populous city in Central Asia. It is in northeastern Uzbekistan, near the border with Kazakhstan. In 1865, Tashkent fell to the Russian Empire and became the capital of Russian Turkestan. In Soviet times, it witnessed major growth and demographic changes due to forced deportations throughout the Soviet Union. Much of Tashkent was destroyed in the 1966 Tashkent earthquake, but it was rebuilt as a model Soviet city.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46037/file/119090#t=1200.0,1230.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46037/file/119090/annotation_set/536/annotation/182","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe KGB, \u003cem\u003eKomitet Gosudarstvennoy Bezopasnosti\u003c/em\u003e (Committee for State Security), was the main security agency for the Soviet Union from 13 March 1954 until 3 December 1991. The KGB was the chief government agency of “union-republican jurisdiction”, carrying out internal security, intelligence, and secret police functions. The agency was a military service governed by army laws and regulations. \u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46037/file/119090#t=1200.0,1230.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46037/file/119090/annotation_set/536/annotation/183","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe Russian ruble is the currency of the Russian Federation. The ruble was the currency of the Russian Empire and the Soviet Union. Today, only Russia, Belarus, and Transnistria use currencies with the ruble name.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46037/file/119090#t=1260.0,1290.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46037/file/119090/annotation_set/536/annotation/184","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eIrkutsk is the largest city and administrative center of Irkutsk Oblast, Russia. It is the 25th largest city in Russia by population, the 5th largest in the Siberian Federal District, and one of the largest cities in Siberia.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46037/file/119090#t=1260.0,1290.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46037/file/119090/annotation_set/536/annotation/185","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eMatzo\u003c/em\u003e, or \u003cem\u003ematzah\u003c/em\u003e, is an unleavened flatbread that is part of Jewish cuisine and forms an integral element of the Passover festival. \u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46037/file/119090#t=1260.0,1290.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46037/file/119090/annotation_set/536/annotation/186","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe Union of Councils for Jews in the Former Soviet Union (UCSJ) is a non-governmental organization that reports on the human rights conditions in countries throughout eastern Europe and Central Asia, exposing hate crimes and assisting communities in need. UCSJ uses grassroots-based monitoring and advocacy, as well as humanitarian aid, to protect the political and physical safety of Jewish people and other minorities in the region. The UCSJ was formed in 1970 as a part of the Movement to Free Soviet Jewry, a response to the oppression of Jews in the Soviet Union and other countries of the Soviet bloc.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46037/file/119090#t=1320.0,1350.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46037/file/119090/annotation_set/536/annotation/187","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eViktoria Tsimberov is a professor in the Russian Language Program at Cornell University.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46037/file/119090#t=1380.0,1410.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46037/file/119090/annotation_set/536/annotation/188","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eRosh HaShanah\u003c/em\u003e [Hebrew: “head of the year”] begins the cycle of High Holy Days. It introduces the Ten Days of Penitence, when Jews examine their souls and take stock of their actions. On the tenth day is \u003cem\u003eYom Kippur\u003c/em\u003e, the Day of Atonement. The tradition is that on \u003cem\u003eRosh HaShanah\u003c/em\u003e, God sits in judgment on humanity. Then the fate of every living creature is inscribed in the Book of Life or the Book of Death. Prayer and repentance before the sealing of the books on \u003cem\u003eYom Kippur\u003c/em\u003e may revoke these decisions. \u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46037/file/119090#t=1470.0,1500.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46037/file/119090/annotation_set/536/annotation/189","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eSaint Petersburg, formerly known as Petrograd (1914-1924) and later Leningrad (1924-1991), is the second-largest city in Russia. It is situated on the Neva River, at the head of the Gulf of Finland on the Baltic Sea. Saint Petersburg is the fourth-most populous city in Europe and the most populous city on the Baltic Sea. As Russia’s Imperial capital, and a historically strategic port, it is governed as a federal city.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46037/file/119090#t=1530.0,1560.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46037/file/119090/annotation_set/536/annotation/190","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eTelevangelism is the use of media, specifically radio or television, to communicate Christianity. Televangelists are ministers, whether official or self-proclaimed, who devote a large portion of their ministry to television broadcasting.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46037/file/119090#t=1650.0,1680.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46037/file/119090/annotation_set/536/annotation/191","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eCornell University is a private, statutory, Ivy League and land-grant research university in Ithaca, New York. It has consistently been ranked among the top universities in the world by major educational publications.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46037/file/119090#t=1680.0,1710.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46037/file/119090/annotation_set/536/annotation/192","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe American Jewish Joint Distribution Committee (commonly called “the Joint”) is a worldwide Jewish relief organization headquartered in New York. It was established in 1914. After World War II, the Joint provided desperately needed supplies and necessities to survivors inside and outside of DP camps in Eastern Europe, Hungary, Poland and Romania. Long: A worldwide Jewish relief organization headquartered in New York. It was established in 1914. Before World War II, it sent funds to subsidize medical care, schools, vocational training, welfare programs and emigration efforts to beleaguered Jews in Europe. During the Nazi era they tried to get Jewish refugees out to anywhere that would have them including the United States, Palestine, and Latin America. When war broke out they helped thousands of Jews in Poland with shelters and soup kitchens, hospitals, and educational and cultural programs. When the United States entered the war in 1941, the Joint shifted gears since it was not allowed to operate legally in enemy countries. They used international connections to channel aid to Jews in conquered Europe. Wartime headquarters were set up in Lisbon, Portugal from which the Joint mounted rescue operations for desperate refugees including sponsoring a program to get 15,000 Jews from Europe to Shanghai, China. After the war, the Joint provided desperately needed supplies and necessities to survivors. More than 227 million pounds of food, medicine, clothing and other supplies were shipped to Europe to survivors inside and outside of DP camps in Eastern Europe, Hungary, Poland and Romania.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46037/file/119090#t=1770.0,1800.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46037/file/119090/annotation_set/536/annotation/193","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe 1988 Armenian earthquake, also known as the Spitak earthquake, occurred on December 7, 1988 at 11:41 local time with a surface wave magnitude of 6.8 and a maximum MSK intensity of X.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46037/file/119090#t=1800.0,1830.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46037/file/119090/annotation_set/536/annotation/194","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eIn the former Soviet Union, \u003cem\u003eglasnost\u003c/em\u003e was the policy or practice of more open consultative government and wider dissemination of information, initiated by leader Mikhail Gorbachev from 1985. \u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46037/file/119090#t=1800.0,1830.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46037/file/119090/annotation_set/536/annotation/195","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eVienna, Austria’s capital, lies in the country’s east on the Danube River. Its artistic and intellectual legacy was shaped by residents including Mozart, Beethoven, and Sigmund Freud.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46037/file/119090#t=1830.0,1860.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46037/file/119090/annotation_set/536/annotation/196","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eLadispoli is a town and commune in the Metropolitan City of Rome, Lazio, in central Italy.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46037/file/119090#t=1860.0,1890.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46037/file/119090/annotation_set/536/annotation/197","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eMaranello is a town and commune in the province of Modena in Emilia-Romagna in Northern Italy. It is known worldwide as the home of Ferrari and the Formula One racing team, Scuderia Ferrari.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46037/file/119090#t=1860.0,1890.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46037/file/119090/annotation_set/536/annotation/198","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eGondar is a city in northern Ethiopia. It’s known for the walled Fasil Ghebbi fortress and palace compound, once the seat of Ethiopian emperors.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46037/file/119090#t=1950.0,1980.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46037/file/119090/annotation_set/536/annotation/199","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eSal Mineo, Jr. was an American actor, singer, and director. He is best known for his role as John “Plato” Crawford in the drama film \u003cem\u003eRebel Without a Cause\u003c/em\u003e. \u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46037/file/119090#t=2070.0,2100.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46037/file/119090/annotation_set/536/annotation/200","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eNewsweek\u003c/em\u003e is an American weekly news magazine founded in 1933. It was a widely distributed newsweekly through the 20th century and was acquired by The Washington Post Company in 1961. After financial difficulties, \u003cem\u003eNewsweek\u003c/em\u003e stopped all print publication and transitioned to an all-digital format at the end of 2012. The print edition was relaunched in March 2014 under different ownership. \u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46037/file/119090#t=2100.0,2130.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46037/file/119090/annotation_set/536/annotation/201","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eHebrew: \u003cem\u003ePesach\u003c/em\u003e. The celebration of Israel’s liberation from Egyptian bondage. The holiday lasts for eight days. Unleavened bread, \u003cem\u003ematzo\u003c/em\u003e, is eaten in memory of the unleavened bread prepared by the Israelites during their hasty flight from Egypt, when they had not time to wait for the dough to rise. On the first two nights of Passover, the \u003cem\u003eseder\u003c/em\u003e, the central event of the holiday, is celebrated. \u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46037/file/119090#t=2130.0,2160.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46037/file/119090/annotation_set/536/annotation/202","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eTorah\u003c/em\u003e [Hebrew: teaching] is a general term that covers all Jewish law including the vast mass of teachings recorded in the \u003cem\u003eTalmud\u003c/em\u003e and other rabbinical works. “\u003cem\u003eSefer Torah\u003c/em\u003e” refers to the sacred scroll on which the first five books of the Bible (the \u003cem\u003ePentateuch\u003c/em\u003e) are written, but it is often shortened simply to \"\u003cem\u003eTorah\u003c/em\u003e\" in casual speech and writing. \u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46037/file/119090#t=2130.0,2160.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46037/file/119090/annotation_set/536/annotation/203","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe Six-Day War was fought between June 5 and 10, 1967 by Israel and the neighboring states of Egypt (known at the time as the United Arab Republic), Jordan, and Syria. Relations between Israel and its neighbors had never fully normalized following the 1948 War of Independence and in the period leading up to June 1967 tensions became heightened. As a result, Israel launched a series of preemptive airstrikes against Egyptian airfields on June 5 following the mobilization of Egyptian forces along the Israeli border in the Sinai Peninsula. The outcome was swift and decisive. Israel took control of the Gaza Strip and the Sinai Peninsula from Egypt, the West Bank and East Jerusalem from Jordan, and the Golan Heights from Syria. The Sinai was returned but the other territories were incorporated into Israel.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46037/file/119090#t=2190.0,2220.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46037/file/119090/annotation_set/536/annotation/204","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eDairy Queen is an American chain of soft serve ice cream and fast-food restaurants owned by International Dairy Queen, Inc.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46037/file/119090#t=2550.0,2580.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46037/file/119090/annotation_set/536/annotation/205","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eA Jewish day school is a modern Jewish educational institution that is designed to provide children of Jewish parents with both a Jewish and a secular education in one school on a full-time basis. The term “day school” is used to differentiate schools attended during the day from part-time weekend schools as well as secular or religious “boarding school” equivalents where the students live full-time as well as study.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46037/file/119090#t=2580.0,2610.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46037/file/119090/annotation_set/536/annotation/206","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eChabad, also known as Lubavitch, Habad, and Chabad-Lubavitch, is an orthodox Jewish Hasidic dynasty. Chabad is one of the world’s best-known Hasidic movements, particularly for its outreach activities. It is one of the largest Hasidic groups and Jewish religious organizations in the world.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46037/file/119090#t=2790.0,2820.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46037/file/119090/annotation_set/536/annotation/207","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eAnti-Semitism is the hostility to or prejudice against Jewish people.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46037/file/119090#t=2820.0,2850.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46037/file/119090/annotation_set/536/annotation/208","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe museum “Holocaust – Victims of Fascism” in Odessa, Ukraine is the first museum in Ukraine that is based on the events of the genocide of the Jewish population in Transnistria Governate, the territories which were under the jurisdiction of Romania and occupied Odessa, Mykolaiv, and part of Vinnytsia from 1941 to 1943. The museum was opened on 22 June 2009.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46037/file/119090#t=2850.0,2880.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46037/file/119090/annotation_set/536/annotation/209","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eChabad-Lubavitch is the name of a sect of Hasidic Jews. It is one of the largest groups of Hasidic Jews in the world. Many of the Lubavitch Hasidim live in the United States or Israel. The Lubavitch world headquarters is in Crown Heights, a neighborhood in Brooklyn, New York. The movement is best known for its outreach activities, introducing secular Jews to more stringent religious observance.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46037/file/119090#t=2940.0,2970.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46037/file/119090/annotation_set/536/annotation/210","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eChaverim\u003c/em\u003e [Hebrew: companion] is an umbrella name for Orthodox Jewish volunteer organizations on the East Coast of the United States which provide roadside assistance and other non-medical emergency help at home or on the road. \u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46037/file/119090#t=3090.0,3120.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46037/file/119090/annotation_set/536/annotation/211","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eSteve Rakitt was President and CEO of the Jewish Federation of Greater Atlanta from 2000 to 2010, when he moved to head the Jewish Federation of Greater Washington.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46037/file/119090#t=3120.0,3150.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46037/file/119090/annotation_set/536/annotation/212","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eNative Atlantan, philanthropist and community leader Erwin Zaban (1921-2010) was known by many as the “Godfather of the Jewish Community.” After quitting school to help in his father’s Depression-era business at age 15, Zaban built successful businesses worth billions of dollars and donated millions to worthy causes. He worked alongside his parents to build Zep Manufacturing Company. Zep later merged with National Linen and became National Service Industries, a Fortune 500 Company. He donated and raised money for undeveloped land in Dunwoody that became Zaban Park, home of the Marcus Jewish Community Center of Atlanta. He donated money to the Jewish Home, for which the Zaban Tower is named. He helped create the homeless couples’ shelter at The Temple which bears his name.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46037/file/119090#t=3180.0,3210.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46037/file/119090/annotation_set/536/annotation/213","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe United Jewish Communities (UJC) is a non-denominational philanthropic Jewish organization that serves 155 member federations and 400 independent Jewish communities in North America. As a combination of two historical organizations, the Council of Jewish Federations and the United Jewish Appeal, the UJC strives to reflect a focus on social justice, humanitarianism, and caring that inherent among Jews of all ideologies.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46037/file/119090#t=3210.0,3240.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46037/file/119090/annotation_set/536/annotation/214","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe United Israel Appeal (UIA), a subsidiary of The Jewish Federations of North America, is a link between the American Jewish community and the people of Israel. UIA is responsible for the allocation and oversight of funds raised by United States Jewish federation campaigns on behalf of Israel for use by its operating agent, the Jewish Agency for Israel.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46037/file/119090#t=3210.0,3240.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46037/file/119090/annotation_set/536/annotation/215","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe United Jewish Appeal (UJA) was a Jewish philanthropic umbrella organization that collected and distributed funds to Jewish organizations in their community and around the country. UJA existed from 1939 until it was folded into the United Jewish Communities, which was formed from the 1999 merger of United Jewish Appeal (UJA), Council of Jewish Federations, and United Israel Appeal, Inc.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46037/file/119090#t=3240.0,3270.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46037/file/119090/annotation_set/536/annotation/216","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eKosovo, officially the Republic of Kosovo, is a partially recognized state in Southeastern Europe. Kosovo unilaterally declared its independence from Serbia on 17 February 2008 and has since gained diplomatic recognition as a sovereign state by 98 member states of the United Nations.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46037/file/119090#t=3450.0,3480.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46037/file/119090/annotation_set/536/annotation/217","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eElbasan is a city and a municipality in Elbasan County, central Albania. It is the fourth largest city in Albania and located on the Shkumbin River.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46037/file/119090#t=3450.0,3480.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46037/file/119090/annotation_set/536/annotation/218","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eTirana is the capital and largest city of Albania. Tirana is the most important economic, financial, political and trade center in Albania due to its significant location in the center of the country and its modern air, maritime, rail, and road transportation.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46037/file/119090#t=3450.0,3480.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46037/file/119090/annotation_set/536/annotation/219","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe\u003cem\u003e Magen David\u003c/em\u003e (Hebrew: Shield of David), or as it is more commonly known, the Star of David, is the symbol most commonly associated with Judaism today. \u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46037/file/119090#t=3510.0,3540.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46037/file/119090/annotation_set/536/annotation/220","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe International Committee of the Red Cross (ICRC) is a humanitarian organization based in Geneva, Switzerland, and a three-time Nobel Prize Laureate. State parties to the Geneva Convention of 1949 and its Additional Protocols of 1977 and 2005 have given the ICRC a mandate to protect victims of international and internal armed conflicts. Such victims include war wounded persons, prisoners, refugees, civilians, and other non-combatants.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46037/file/119090#t=3510.0,3540.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46037/file/119090/annotation_set/536/annotation/221","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe International Federation of Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies (IFRC) is a worldwide humanitarian aid organization that reaches 160 million people each year through its 192-member National Societies. It acts before, during, and after disasters and health emergencies to meet the needs and improve the lives of vulnerable people.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46037/file/119090#t=3510.0,3540.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46037/file/119090/annotation_set/536/annotation/222","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eBuenos Aires is Argentina’s big, cosmopolitan capital city. Its center is the Plaza de Mayo, lined with stately 19th century buildings including Casa Rosada, the iconic, balconied presidential palace.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46037/file/119090#t=3510.0,3540.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46037/file/119090/annotation_set/536/annotation/223","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eSidney Feldman (1921-2005) was a leader of many organizations, both nationally and in Atlanta. Among his many honors were the B’nai B’rith Man of the Year, the Anti-Defamation League Abe Goldstein Human Relation's Award, Prime Minister's Medallion on the 25th anniversary of Israel, the National Council of Christians and Jews “Good Neighbor Award,” and the American Jewish Committee Award for Advancing Understanding Among All People. He was National Vice-President of United Jewish Appeal, President Emeritus of the Jewish Federation of Greater Atlanta and past president of several organizations including the William Breman Jewish Home, and the Marcus Jewish Community Center.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46037/file/119090#t=3540.0,3570.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46037/file/119090/annotation_set/536/annotation/224","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eJames T. Laney is an American minister, professor, and former diplomat. He served as Dean of the Candler School of Theology, President of Emory University, and United States Ambassador to South Korea.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46037/file/119090#t=3630.0,3660.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46037/file/119090/annotation_set/536/annotation/225","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eEmory University is a private research university in Atlanta, Georgia. Founded in 1836, Emory University is the second-oldest private institution of higher education in Georgia.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46037/file/119090#t=3630.0,3660.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46037/file/119090/annotation_set/536/annotation/226","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eYiddishkeit\u003c/em\u003e is the quality of being Jewish; the Jewish way of life or its customs and practices. \u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46037/file/119090#t=3720.0,3750.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46037/file/119090/annotation_set/536/annotation/227","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eB'nai B'rith International (Hebrew: “Children of the Covenant”) is the oldest Jewish service organization in the world. B'nai B'rith states that it is committed to the security and continuity of the Jewish people and the State of Israel and combating antisemitism and bigotry. Its mission is to unite persons of the Jewish faith and to enhance Jewish identity through strengthening Jewish family life, to provide broad-based services for the benefit of senior citizens, and to facilitate advocacy and action on behalf of Jews throughout the world.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46037/file/119090#t=3750.0,3780.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46037/file/119090/annotation_set/536/annotation/228","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eJill Cohen was born in Chicago, Illinois to Elliott and Judith Cohen. She has lived and worked in Atlanta, Georgia for most of her life. She graduated from high school in Sandy Springs and received a Bachelor of Business Administration degree in marketing from Tulane University as well as a Master of Science degree in finance from Georgia State University. Jill worked at Jewish Family and Career Services and led their annual campaign for nearly 16 years and now works as the Director of Development at the William Bremen Jewish Heritage Museum.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46037/file/119090#t=3780.0,3810.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46037/file/119090/annotation_set/536/annotation/229","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eJeffrey Lee Cohen was born in Chicago, Illinois to Elliott and Judith Cohen. Jeffrey was a graduate of Riverwood High School and the University of Georgia. He worked for Piedmont National for many years. Jeffrey and his wife, Susan Cohen had three children, Jordan, Samantha, and Ashley. Jeffrey died in August 2010 at the age of 46.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46037/file/119090#t=3780.0,3810.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46037/file/119090/annotation_set/536/annotation/230","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eRabbi Richard J. Lehrman (1938-1979) was born in Pennsylvania and came to Atlanta, Georgia in 1965. In 1968, he was chosen as the newly formed Temple Sinai congregation's founding rabbi. Rabbi Lehrman continued to serve the congregation as its rabbi until his death in November 1979. \u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46037/file/119090#t=3930.0,3960.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46037/file/119090/annotation_set/536/annotation/231","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe Temple, or “Hebrew Benevolent Congregation,” is Atlanta’s oldest Jewish congregation. The cornerstone was laid on the Temple on Garnett Street in 1875. The dedication was held in 1877 and the Temple was located there until 1902. The Temple’s next location on Pryor Street was dedicated in 1902. The Temple’s current location in Midtown on Peachtree Street was dedicated in 1931. The main sanctuary is on the National Register of Historic Places. The Reform congregation now totals approximately 1500 families. As of 2021, its Senior Rabbi is Peter S. Berg.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46037/file/119090#t=3930.0,3960.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46037/file/119090/annotation_set/536/annotation/232","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eA \u003cem\u003etallit\u003c/em\u003e is a prayer shawl fringed at each of the four corners in accordance with biblical law. The wearing of \u003cem\u003etallit\u003c/em\u003e at worship is obligatory only for married men, but it is customarily worn also by males of \u003cem\u003ebar mitzvah\u003c/em\u003e age and older. In non-Orthodox congregations, women may also wear the \u003cem\u003etallit\u003c/em\u003e if they so choose. \u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46037/file/119090#t=3930.0,3960.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46037/file/119090/annotation_set/536/annotation/233","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe\u003cem\u003e pater familias\u003c/em\u003e was the head of a Roman family. The pater familias was the oldest living male in the household, and could legally exercise autocratic authority over his extended family. \u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46037/file/119090#t=4020.0,4050.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46037/file/119090/annotation_set/536/annotation/234","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eCongregation Or Hadash is a Conservative congregation in Sandy Springs, Georgia. It was founded by Argentinian rabbis Mario Karpuj and Analia Bortz in 2003. As of 2021, the current leader of the congregation is Rabbi Lauren Henderson.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46037/file/119090#t=4020.0,4050.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46037/file/119090/annotation_set/536/annotation/235","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eFounded in 1904, Congregation Shearith Israel began as a congregation that met in the homes of congregants until 1906 when they began using a Methodist church on Hunter Street. After World War II, Rabbi Tobias Geffen moved the congregation to University Drive, where it became the first synagogue in DeKalb County. In the 1960s, they removed the barrier between the men’s and women’s sections in the sanctuary, and officially became affiliated with the Conservative movement in 2002. As of 2021, the current Senior Rabbi of the congregation is Ari Kaiman.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46037/file/119090#t=4050.0,4080.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46037/file/119090/annotation_set/536/annotation/236","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eYom Kippur\u003c/em\u003e [Hebrew: “day of atonement”] is the most sacred day of the Jewish year.\u003cem\u003e Yom Kippur\u003c/em\u003e is a 25-hour fast day. Most of the day is spent in prayer, reciting \u003cem\u003eyizkor\u003c/em\u003e for deceased relatives, confessing sins, requesting divine forgiveness, and listening to \u003cem\u003eTorah\u003c/em\u003e readings and sermons. People greet each other with the wish that they may be sealed in the heavenly book for a good year ahead. The day ends with the blowing of the \u003cem\u003eshofar \u003c/em\u003e(a ram’s horn). \u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46037/file/119090#t=4050.0,4080.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46037/file/119090/annotation_set/536/annotation/237","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eKaddish\u003c/em\u003e [Hebrew: holy] is a hymn of praises to God found in the Jewish prayer service that is recited aloud while standing. The central theme of the \u003cem\u003eKaddish\u003c/em\u003e is the magnification and sanctification of God's name. Along with the \u003cem\u003eShema\u003c/em\u003e and \u003cem\u003eAmidah\u003c/em\u003e, the \u003cem\u003eKaddish\u003c/em\u003e is one of the most important and central elements in the Jewish liturgy. Mourner's \u003cem\u003eKaddish\u003c/em\u003e is said at all prayer services and certain other occasions. Following the death of a parent, child, spouse, or sibling it is customary to recite the Mourner's \u003cem\u003eKaddish\u003c/em\u003e in the presence of a congregation daily for 30 days, or 11 months in the case of a parent, and then at every anniversary of the death. It is important to note that the Mourner's \u003cem\u003eKaddish\u003c/em\u003e does not mention death at all, but instead praises God. \u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46037/file/119090#t=4050.0,4080.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46037/file/119090/annotation_set/536/annotation/238","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eRabbi Arnold M. Goodman served as senior rabbi of Ahavath Achim in Atlanta, Georgia from 1982 to 2002. He came to Atlanta from Minnesota where he had served as rabbi of Adath Jeshurun in Minnetonka since 1966. He currently serves as its senior rabbinic scholar. Upon his retirement, the synagogue honored them by designating its adult education program as Beit Aharon: The Rabbi Arnold and Rae Goodman Learning Institute for Adult Studies.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46037/file/119090#t=4050.0,4080.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46037/file/119090/annotation_set/536/annotation/239","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eAhavath Achim Synagogue was founded as an Orthodox congregation in 1887 in a small room on Gilmer Street. In 1901 they moved to a permanent building at the corner of Piedmont Avenue and Gilmer Street. In 1921, the congregation constructed a synagogue at Washington Street and Woodward Avenue. It joined the Conservative movement in 1952. The final service in the Washington Street building was held in 1958 to make way for construction of the Downtown Connector (the concurrent section of Interstate 75 and Interstate 85 through Atlanta). The synagogue moved to its current location on Peachtree Battle Avenue in 1958. As of 2021, Ahavath Achim is the largest Conservative synagogue in the Atlanta area and its current Senior Rabbi is Laurence Rosenthal.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46037/file/119090#t=4050.0,4080.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46037/file/119090/annotation_set/536/annotation/240","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eHartsfield Airport is the predecessor of the current Hartsfield-Jackson Atlanta International Airport. The airport was first developed in 1925 on an abandoned auto racetrack and was named “Candler Field” after its former owner's family, including Coca-Cola magnate Asa Candler. In the 1940s, the airport’s name changed to the “Atlanta Municipal Airport.” Atlanta mayor William B. Hartsfield died on February 22, 1971 and on February. 28, what would have been Hartsfield’s 81st birthday its name was changed to “William B. Hartsfield Atlanta Airport.” In 2003 to honor late Mayor Maynard H. Jackson, the Atlanta City Council legislated a name change to “Hartsfield-Jackson Atlanta International Airport” in recognition of the leadership that both provided to the city and the airport.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46037/file/119090#t=4110.0,4140.0"}]},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46037/file/119090/index/48418","type":"AnnotationPage","label":{"en":["Cohen, Elliott [Index]"]},"items":[{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46037/file/119090/index/48418/annotation/241","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Early Life and Education","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Title"]}}],"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46037/file/119090#t=25.0,93.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46037/file/119090/index/48418/annotation/242","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"We'd like you to begin by speaking a little bit about your earlier life in Chicago [Illinois], when you were born, and your education.","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Partial Transcript"]}}],"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46037/file/119090#t=25.0,93.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46037/file/119090/index/48418/annotation/243","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Chicago, Illinois","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Elliott Cohen","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Northwestern University","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"University of Chicago School of Law","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}}],"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46037/file/119090#t=25.0,93.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46037/file/119090/index/48418/annotation/244","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Marrying Judith, Moving to Atlanta, and Working in Law Firms","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Title"]}}],"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46037/file/119090#t=93.0,322.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46037/file/119090/index/48418/annotation/245","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I met Judith [Mesirow Cohen] the last summer of law school. I had dated her twice when I was told that she was going to New York for some consultation. Turned out that she had a carotid tumor which was malignant. She was operated on in August and came back in September. We continued dating in September and the following June we were married.","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Partial Transcript"]}}],"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46037/file/119090#t=93.0,322.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/46037/file/119090/index/48418/annotation/246","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Atlanta, Georgia","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Bar Exam","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Carotid Tumor","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Chicago, Illinois","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Cohen Pollock Merlin Turner","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"H. 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