{"@context":"http://iiif.io/api/presentation/3/context.json","id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/iiif/3r0pr7pg2x/manifest","type":"Manifest","label":{"en":["Cavalier, Helen"]},"logo":"https://d9jk7wjtjpu5g.cloudfront.net/organizations/logo_images/000/000/082/original/TheBreman_SecondaryMark_Horizontal_Blue_Black.png?1713640889","metadata":[{"label":{"en":["Date"]},"value":{"en":["1985-11-26 (captured)","1985-12-17 (captured)"]}},{"label":{"en":["Agent"]},"value":{"en":["Cavalier, Helen (Interviewee)","Franco, Jody (Interviewer)"]}},{"label":{"en":["Source"]},"value":{"en":["William Breman Jewish Heritage Museum","Esther and Herbert Taylor Oral History Collection","Jewish Oral History Project of Atlanta Jewish Women of Achievement"]}},{"label":{"en":["Description"]},"value":{"en":["\u003cp\u003eHelen Fine Cavalier was interviewed by Jody Franco on November 26, 1985, and December 17, 1985 in Atlanta, Georgia. \u003c/p\u003e (general)","\u003cp\u003eHelen Fine Cavalier was born in Chattanooga, Tennessee, in 1908. She was one of nine children born to Jacob and Ethel Friedman Fine. Helen grew up in an Orthodox Jewish household, and her family was actively involved with B'nai Zion Congregation. Both her parents immigrated to the United States from Russia. In Chattanooga, her father was in the men’s clothing business. \u003c/p\u003e\r\n\u003cp\u003e \u003c/p\u003e\r\n\u003cp\u003eHelen moved to Atlanta in 1930 when she married Sidney Cavalier. Helen and Sidney had three children: Sally, Jules, and Ben. Helen became very active in the Atlanta community. She served as a board member of Ahavath Achim Synagogue for 25 years. She was a member of the National Council of Jewish Women and Atlanta Jewish Federation. After Ben contracted polio at three years old, she became active in the March of Dimes. Beginning in 1954, Helen was among one of the Jewish Home's most ardent supporters. She was instrumental in bringing the B'nai B'rith Pinch Hitter program to the Home. Pinch Hitters take over for non-Jewish staff on Christmas Day, allowing those employees time off to be with their families. \u003c/p\u003e\r\n\u003cp\u003e \u003c/p\u003e\r\n\u003cp\u003eBeginning in 1983, Helen Cavalier joined Ahavath Achim's Chevra Kadisha. After surviving breast cancer, she became a member of the Reach to Recovery Program of the American Cancer Society. From 1990 until her death in 1996, Helen Cavalier was devoted to raising money and promoting the Hunger Walk. For many years, she was the top fundraiser and in 1995 single-handedly raised over $5,000. The 1996 walk was dedicated to her memory. Helen passed away in 1996 and is buried with Sidney, who died in 1991, at Arlington Memorial Park in Atlanta. \u003c/p\u003e\r\n\u003cp\u003e \u003c/p\u003e (bioghist)","\u003cp\u003eIn her first interview, Helen discusses her grandparents and parents and their immigration journey. She reflects on growing up Orthodox and her community’s traditions. She talks about her eight siblings and reminisces about her household growing up. She talks about her father’s career and her parents’ involvement with their community. She discusses her Jewish education and her family’s involvement with the local synagogue. \u003c/p\u003e\r\n\u003cp\u003e \u003c/p\u003e\r\n\u003cp\u003eHelen shares how her childhood was impacted by World War I and talks about how she met her husband. She reflects on her wedding and early married life in Atlanta. She talks about her husband’s family and the family they started together. She recounts getting involved in the Atlanta Jewish community and joining Ahavath Achim Synagogue. She describes the Jewish community in Atlanta at the time and how the different sects interacted. She talks about the Progressive Club, the Mayfair Club, and the Standard Club. She shares her knowledge of the beginnings of different Jewish organizations in Atlanta, such as the Federation. She reflects on her relationship with prominent members of the Jewish community, including Frank Garson. \u003c/p\u003e\r\n\u003cp\u003e \u003c/p\u003e\r\n\u003cp\u003eHelen talks more in-depth about her involvement in various organizations, including the American Cancer Society, March of Dimes, and the American Heart Association. She talks about each of her children, Sally, Jules, and Ben. She talks about her husband’s illness and having to run his business for a year. She discusses how she balanced these additional responsibilities and raising her children. She details her son Ben’s experience with polio and how his illness impacted their family and his future. \u003c/p\u003e\r\n\u003cp\u003e \u003c/p\u003e\r\n\u003cp\u003eIn Helen’s second interview, she details her involvement with the March of Dimes. She talks about how her experience battling breast cancer led to her getting involved with Reach to Recovery and City of Hope. She reflects on the awards she has received, including the Myrtle Wreath Award for Hadassah, and awards from Jewish National Fund and Israel Bonds. Helen talks about her involvement with Ahavath Achim Synagogue, sharing about Minyanaires, the Epstein School, and coming to the Synagogue as often as possible to prepare refreshments. She talks about her relationship with Rabbi Epstein. \u003c/p\u003e\r\n\u003cp\u003e \u003c/p\u003e\r\n\u003cp\u003eHelen talks about her upcoming trip to Israel, where she was honored with a garden named after her. She shares the importance of Israel to her. She reflects on the changing role of women in society and also reflects on her contributions to her community. The interview concludes with Helen discussing her involvement in Ahavath Achim’s Chevra Kadisha. \u003c/p\u003e (scope content)"]}},{"label":{"en":["Rights Statement"]},"value":{"en":["\u003cp\u003eAll rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, recorded by any information storage and retrieval system, without the express written consent of the William Breman Jewish Heritage Museum.\u003c/p\u003e"]}},{"label":{"en":["Subject"]},"value":{"en":["Auerbach, Rabbi David Hillel (1938-2016) (personal name)","Breman, Sylvia Goldstein (1911-1992) (personal name)","Cavalier, Ben (b. 1945) (personal name)","Cavalier, Benjamin Clarence “Ben C.” (born Ben Goldstein, 1909-1987) (personal name)","Cavalier, Helen Fine (1908-1996) (personal name)","Cavalier, Jules Leonard (born Jules Goldstein, 1933-1998) (personal name)","Cavalier, Julius M. (born Julius Goldstein, 1925-1978) (personal name)","Cavalier, Sidney (born Sidney Goldstein, 1906-1991) (personal name)","Cristal, Seymour “Shneur” (1908-1985) (personal name)","Dwoskin, Mary Heiman (1907-1983) (personal name)","Epstein, Rabbi Harry Hyman (1903-2003) (personal name)","Epstein, Reva (Rebecca) Chashesman (1905-2001) (personal name)","Fine, Abe Irving (1907-1993) (personal name)","Fine, Jacob Max (1879-1949) (personal name)","Fine, Sidney Lazarus (1913-2003) (personal name)","Franco, Jody Breen (b. 1944) (personal name)","Fine, Ethel Schuler Friedman (1880-1936) (personal name)","Galanty, Irving Max (1906-1979) (personal name)","Garson, Frank (1886-1955) (personal name)","Garson, Gussie Fox (born Golde Fuchs) (1888-1970) (personal name)","Gerson, Joe (1917-1996) (personal name)","Gettinger, Max C. (Mike) (1911-2000) (personal name)","Goldstein, Abe (1889-1982) (personal name)","Goodman, Rabbi Arnold (personal name)","Greenberg, Dr. Irving \"Greenie\" (1911-2006) (personal name)","Hitler, Adolf  (1889-1945) (personal name)","Jacobs, Hyman (about 1883-1968) (personal name)","Jacobs, Joseph Benjamin (1887-1965) (personal name)","Jarrell, Ira (1896-1972) (personal name)","Kaplan, Sally Cavalier (born Sally Goldstein, 1937) (personal name)","Langdale, Dr. Noah N. (1921-2008) (personal name)","Levitt, Abraham “Abe” (1889-1958) (personal name)","Lipson, Nathan Irvin (1927-2007) (personal name)","Massell, Sr., Benjamin J. (1886-1962) (personal name)","Medintz, Barney (1910-1960) (personal name)","Pazol, Jacqueline “Jackie” Harrison (1929-2014) (personal name)","Roosevelt, Franklin Delano (1882-1945) (personal name)","Salk, Jonas Edward (1914-1995) (personal name)","Sherman, Minnie Fine (1905-1988) (personal name)","Solomon, Gail (b. 1942) (personal name)","Tufts, Richard Sise (1896-1980) (personal name)","Weinberg, A.J. (Abraham Joseph) (1886-1975) (personal name)","Weinstein, Isadore Milton “I.M.” (1887-1954) (personal name)","Wolfson, Rita Goldstein (1926-2017) (personal name)","Yampolsky, Dr. Joseph (1892 -1978) (personal name)","Ahavath Achim Synagogue (AA) (corporate name)","Ahavath Achim Sisterhood (corporate name)","American Cancer Society (corporate name)","American Cancer Society Reach to Recovery program (corporate name)","American Heart Association (corporate name)","Atlanta Jewish Academy/The Hebrew Academy (corporate name)","American Jewish Committee (AJC) (corporate name)","Atlanta Jewish Community Center (corporate name)","Atlanta Jewish Federation (corporate name)","Atlanta Paper Company (corporate name)","American Red Cross (ARC) (corporate name)","Beth Jacob (corporate name)","B'nai Zion Congregation (corporate name)","Boys’ High School (corporate name)","Brandeis University National Women's Committee (corporate name)","City of Hope (corporate name)","Commercial High School (corporate name)","Emory University Hospital (corporate name)","Epstein School (corporate name)","Fox Theatre (corporate name)","Georgia Institute of Technology (corporate name)","Georgia State University (corporate name)","Hadassah (corporate name)","Henrietta Egleston Hospital for Children (corporate name)","Hillel: The Foundation for Jewish Campus Life (corporate name)","Hotel Indigo Atlanta Midtown (formerly the Cox-Carlton Hotel) (corporate name)","Israel Bonds (corporate name)","Jackson Memorial Hospital (corporate name)","Jewish Federation of Greater Atlanta (corporate name)","Jewish National Fund (JNF) (corporate name)","Kadima (corporate name)","Ladies Aid Society (corporate name)","March of Dimes (corporate name)","Margaret Mitchell Elementary School (corporate name)","Mayfair Club (corporate name)","Minyanaires (Ahavath Achim Synagogue) (corporate name)","Morris Brandon Elementary School (corporate name)","Morris Brandon Elementary School (corporate name)","National Council of Jewish Women (corporate name)","ORT (Association for the Promotion of Skilled Trades) (corporate name)","Piedmont Atlanta Hospital (corporate name)","Progressive Club (corporate name)","Selig Chemical Company (corporate name)","Shearith Israel (corporate name)","The Southern Israelite (Atlanta Jewish Times) (corporate name)","Standard Club (corporate name)","The Temple (corporate name)","United Synagogue Youth (USY) (corporate name)","The University of Tennessee at Chattanooga (corporate name)","West Paces Ferry Hospital (corporate name)","William Breman Jewish Heritage Museum (corporate name)","William Breman Jewish Home (corporate name)","Young Men's Hebrew Association (corporate name)","Atlanta, Georgia (geographic term)","Birmingham, Alabama (geographic term)","Boston, Massachusetts (geographic term)","Chattanooga, Tennessee (geographic term)","Chicago, Illinois (geographic term)","Detroit, Michigan (geographic term)","Douglasville, Georgia (geographic term)","Ellis Island (geographic term)","Galicia (geographic term)","Germany (geographic term)","Hoboken, New Jersey (geographic term)","Israel (geographic term)","​​Las Vegas, Nevada (geographic term)","Los Angeles, California (geographic term)","Macon, Georgia (geographic term)","Miami, Florida (geographic term)","Montgomery, Alabama (geographic term)","Nashville, Tennessee (geographic term)","Piedmont Park (geographic term)","Russia (geographic term)","Savannah, Georgia (geographic term)","Tel Aviv, Israel (chronological term)","Warm Springs, Georgia (geographic term)","Wilmington, North Carolina (geographic term)","Yehud, Israel (geographic term)","Great Atlanta Fire of 1917 (named event)","The Six-Day War (named event)","The Women's Rights Movement (named event)","World War I (named event)","World War II (named event)","​​Babka (other)","Bar mitzvah (other)","Breast cancer (other)","Challah (other)","Chazzan (other)","Chevra Kadisha (other)","Conservative Judaism (other)","Hadassah's Myrtle Wreath Award (other)","Hanukkah (other)","Hebrew school (other)","Iron lung (other)","Kaddish (other)","Kibbutz (other)","Kosher (other)","Minyan (other)","​​Orthodox Judaism (other)","Paralysis (other)","Passover (other)","Polio (other)","Polio vaccine (other)","Radical surgery (other)","Reform Judaism (other)","Shabbat (other)","Sheva B’rachot (other)","Sisterhood (other)","Soviet Jewry (other)","Tachrichim (other)","Tefillin (other)","Tzedakah (other)","Yahrzeit (other)","Yizkor (other)"]}}],"summary":{"en":["\u003cp\u003eHelen Fine Cavalier was interviewed by Jody Franco on November 26, 1985, and December 17, 1985 in Atlanta, Georgia.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eHelen Fine Cavalier was born in Chattanooga, Tennessee, in 1908. She was one of nine children born to Jacob and Ethel Friedman Fine. Helen grew up in an Orthodox Jewish household, and her family was actively involved with B'nai Zion Congregation. Both her parents immigrated to the United States from Russia. In Chattanooga, her father was in the men\u0026rsquo;s clothing business.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\u003cp\u003eHelen moved to Atlanta in 1930 when she married Sidney Cavalier. Helen and Sidney had three children: Sally, Jules, and Ben. Helen became very active in the Atlanta community. She served as a board member of Ahavath Achim Synagogue for 25 years. She was a member of the National Council of Jewish Women and Atlanta Jewish Federation. After Ben contracted polio at three years old, she became active in the March of Dimes. Beginning in 1954, Helen was among one of the Jewish Home's most ardent supporters. She was instrumental in bringing the B'nai B'rith Pinch Hitter program to the Home. Pinch Hitters take over for non-Jewish staff on Christmas Day, allowing those employees time off to be with their families.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\u003cp\u003eBeginning in 1983, Helen Cavalier joined Ahavath Achim's Chevra Kadisha. After surviving breast cancer, she became a member of the Reach to Recovery Program of the American Cancer Society. From 1990 until her death in 1996, Helen Cavalier was devoted to raising money and promoting the Hunger Walk. For many years, she was the top fundraiser and in 1995 single-handedly raised over $5,000. The 1996 walk was dedicated to her memory. Helen passed away in 1996 and is buried with Sidney, who died in 1991, at Arlington Memorial Park in Atlanta.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIn her first interview, Helen discusses her grandparents and parents and their immigration journey. She reflects on growing up Orthodox and her community\u0026rsquo;s traditions. She talks about her eight siblings and reminisces about her household growing up. She talks about her father\u0026rsquo;s career and her parents\u0026rsquo; involvement with their community. She discusses her Jewish education and her family\u0026rsquo;s involvement with the local synagogue.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\u003cp\u003eHelen shares how her childhood was impacted by World War I and talks about how she met her husband. She reflects on her wedding and early married life in Atlanta. She talks about her husband\u0026rsquo;s family and the family they started together. She recounts getting involved in the Atlanta Jewish community and joining Ahavath Achim Synagogue. She describes the Jewish community in Atlanta at the time and how the different sects interacted. She talks about the Progressive Club, the Mayfair Club, and the Standard Club. She shares her knowledge of the beginnings of different Jewish organizations in Atlanta, such as the Federation. She reflects on her relationship with prominent members of the Jewish community, including Frank Garson.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\u003cp\u003eHelen talks more in-depth about her involvement in various organizations, including the American Cancer Society, March of Dimes, and the American Heart Association. She talks about each of her children, Sally, Jules, and Ben. She talks about her husband\u0026rsquo;s illness and having to run his business for a year. She discusses how she balanced these additional responsibilities and raising her children. She details her son Ben\u0026rsquo;s experience with polio and how his illness impacted their family and his future.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\u003cp\u003eIn Helen\u0026rsquo;s second interview, she details her involvement with the March of Dimes. She talks about how her experience battling breast cancer led to her getting involved with Reach to Recovery and City of Hope. She reflects on the awards she has received, including the Myrtle Wreath Award for Hadassah, and awards from Jewish National Fund and Israel Bonds. Helen talks about her involvement with Ahavath Achim Synagogue, sharing about Minyanaires, the Epstein School, and coming to the Synagogue as often as possible to prepare refreshments. She talks about her relationship with Rabbi Epstein.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\u003cp\u003eHelen talks about her upcoming trip to Israel, where she was honored with a garden named after her. She shares the importance of Israel to her. She reflects on the changing role of women in society and also reflects on her contributions to her community. The interview concludes with Helen discussing her involvement in Ahavath Achim\u0026rsquo;s Chevra Kadisha.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e"]},"requiredStatement":{"label":{"en":["Attribution"]},"value":{"en":["\u003cp\u003eAll rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, recorded by any information storage and retrieval system, without the express written consent of the William Breman Jewish Heritage Museum.\u003c/p\u003e"]}},"provider":[{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/aboutus","type":"Agent","label":{"en":["William Breman Jewish Heritage Museum"]},"homepage":[{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/","type":"Text","label":{"en":["William Breman Jewish Heritage Museum"]},"format":"text/html"}],"logo":[{"id":"https://d9jk7wjtjpu5g.cloudfront.net/organizations/logo_images/000/000/082/original/TheBreman_SecondaryMark_Horizontal_Blue_Black.png?1713640889","type":"Image"}]}],"thumbnail":[{"id":"https://d9jk7wjtjpu5g.cloudfront.net/public/images/audio-default.png","type":"Image","format":"image/png"}],"items":[{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/146555/file/270384","type":"Canvas","label":{"en":["Media File 1 of 1 - Cavalier_Helen.mp3"]},"duration":7159.056,"width":640,"height":360,"thumbnail":[{"id":"https://d9jk7wjtjpu5g.cloudfront.net/public/images/audio-default.png","type":"Image","format":"image/png"}],"items":[{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/146555/file/270384/content/1","type":"AnnotationPage","items":[{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/146555/file/270384/content/1/annotation/1","type":"Annotation","motivation":"painting","body":{"id":"https://aviary-p-thebreman.s3.wasabisys.com/collection_resource_files/resource_files/000/270/384/original/Cavalier_Helen.mp3?1744919739","type":"Audio","format":"audio/mpeg","duration":7159.056,"width":640,"height":360},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/146555/file/270384","metadata":[]}]}],"annotations":[{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/146555/file/270384/transcript/78787","type":"AnnotationPage","label":{"en":["Cavalier, Helen [Transcript]"]},"items":[{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/146555/file/270384/transcript/78787/annotation/1","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eFRANCO:\u003c/strong\u003e This is Jody Franco, interviewing Helen Cavalier for the William E. Weiner's Oral History Library, Jewish Women of Achievement Project, co-sponsored by the National Council of Jewish Women and the American Jewish Committee. It is Tuesday, November 26, 1985, at 8:25 in the morning at the Ahavath Achim Synagogue in Fishman's Conference Room. Tape one, side one. Helen, how long has your family been in this country?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/146555/file/270384#t=0.0,35.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/146555/file/270384/transcript/78787/annotation/2","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eCAVALIER:\u003c/strong\u003e The late 1800's, my mother came from Russia and my daddy came from Ireland, and they got in the states around 1896 or 1897. My mother originally settled in Mississippi and my daddy originally settled in Chicago [Illinois]. My mother and father, when they were married, we were raised strictly Orthodox. I was born and raised in Chattanooga, Tennessee, July 8, 1908.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/146555/file/270384#t=35.0,75.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/146555/file/270384/transcript/78787/annotation/3","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eFRANCO:\u003c/strong\u003e Do you have any memories of your grandparents?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/146555/file/270384#t=75.0,79.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/146555/file/270384/transcript/78787/annotation/4","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eCAVALIER:\u003c/strong\u003e My grandparents, I remember on my mother's side. My grandfather had died six months before I was born and I was named for him, which I later understood that a woman is never named for a man, but that name stayed with me all these years regardless.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/146555/file/270384#t=79.0,96.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/146555/file/270384/transcript/78787/annotation/5","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eFRANCO:\u003c/strong\u003e What was his name?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/146555/file/270384#t=96.0,97.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/146555/file/270384/transcript/78787/annotation/6","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eCAVALIER:\u003c/strong\u003e His name was Hashi and that's where they got Hashi and made Helen out of it.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/146555/file/270384#t=97.0,103.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/146555/file/270384/transcript/78787/annotation/7","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eFRANCO:\u003c/strong\u003e His last name?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/146555/file/270384#t=103.0,104.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/146555/file/270384/transcript/78787/annotation/8","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eCAVALIER:\u003c/strong\u003e His last name was Friedman. My mother's side was Friedman and my daddy's side was Fine. In fact, I always tell my daddy just like the Cavalier name, that coming to this country, it was not Fine, it was Finerewsky but as you came through the customs, Ellis Island at that time, when the man said Finerewsky, they couldn't spell Finerewsky, F-I-N-E go through. When my husband says their name originally was Cavalier from Europe, I guess they must have been Cavalinsky. It was never Cavalier. In fact, instead they said Cavalier was too Jewish and they looked up on the store and saw Goldstein, and that's how they all came to the Goldstein name. But all the Goldstein’s in Atlanta, all cousins are all really Cavalinsky from Europe or Cavalier instead of Goldstein. Going back to my own family, my daddy, like I said, was born in Ireland and came to this country, and of course my mother came from Russia. They had a beautiful family life. We were nine children, keinehora. In fact, as we got older, which my mother died very young, we always told her that if she stopped at nine with a boy, girl, boy, all down . . . in fact in Nashville, Tennessee, state capitol, they have records. We used to kid our mother that she stopped at five boys and four girls so each of us always had an older brother to take care of us and to tell us what was right and what was wrong. That's the way we were raised in those years, with a house full of happy children.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/146555/file/270384#t=104.0,203.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/146555/file/270384/transcript/78787/annotation/9","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eFRANCO:\u003c/strong\u003e How old was your mother when she died?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/146555/file/270384#t=203.0,204.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/146555/file/270384/transcript/78787/annotation/10","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eCAVALIER:\u003c/strong\u003e She was only 52 years old. Before she could really enjoy grandchildren or great-grandchildren, she had passed away.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/146555/file/270384#t=204.0,213.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/146555/file/270384/transcript/78787/annotation/11","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eFRANCO:\u003c/strong\u003e You mentioned your maternal grandparents.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/146555/file/270384#t=213.0,215.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/146555/file/270384/transcript/78787/annotation/12","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eCAVALIER:\u003c/strong\u003e Yes.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/146555/file/270384#t=215.0,216.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/146555/file/270384/transcript/78787/annotation/13","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eFRANCO:\u003c/strong\u003e What about your father's parents?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/146555/file/270384#t=216.0,218.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/146555/file/270384/transcript/78787/annotation/14","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eCAVALIER:\u003c/strong\u003e My father's parents lived in Chicago, but they visited Chattanooga. One of their daughters lived in Chattanooga, and they visited there twice every year, so we were with them. My grandmother on my mother's side, she was blind from a very young girl. Of course blindness was one of our hobbies, we went out always helping any blind person, even to this day. But in the latter years of her life, there was a doctor that had come to Detroit, Michigan, and after at least 50 years, she restored her sight, that she could see some of us, and for a few years, we were happy with her with eyesight. As I said, my grandfather, of course, he died before I was born. My grandparents in Chicago, I was with them quite a bit. We visited either Chicago or visited in Chattanooga, and we had a lot of fun together as a family with the grandparents and the parents and the children.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/146555/file/270384#t=218.0,277.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/146555/file/270384/transcript/78787/annotation/15","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eFRANCO:\u003c/strong\u003e What did your grandparents do?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/146555/file/270384#t=277.0,281.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/146555/file/270384/transcript/78787/annotation/16","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eCAVALIER:\u003c/strong\u003e All of them coming to this country were peddlers. They all started off as peddlers from one city to the other, peddling until they all went into the merchandising business. They all ended up with the stores after they were peddling for years. In fact, when my mother settled in Mississippi, and my daddy had peddled up the Mississippi, that's where he married my mother and then brought her back to Chattanooga, Tennessee. In fact, they lived in Mississippi a few years together. My three older . . . two brothers and one sister were born in Mississippi. The rest of them are all born in Chattanooga.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/146555/file/270384#t=281.0,316.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/146555/file/270384/transcript/78787/annotation/17","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eFRANCO:\u003c/strong\u003e What sort of adjustment did your parents have to make to this new country?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/146555/file/270384#t=316.0,324.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/146555/file/270384/transcript/78787/annotation/18","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eCAVALIER:\u003c/strong\u003e Very little because they were . . . having lived before I was born in the States already; they were already adjusted to the way of America and living here. They had very little adjustments to make other than that they were just so strict. They were so ultra-ultra-Orthodox. In fact, Chattanooga was such an ultra-Orthodox city that even as a young girl up until the time that I married came to Atlanta, 1930, I can remember the horrible sights that we used to have at a cemetery. They never believed in burying a person in a coffin and they never kept a person at an undertaker. They were all kept at home, and they had one coffin that they would take the body to the grave site and take the body out of the coffin and put it into the grave. The last memory when I went back as a visit there after being married about six months, a dear friend had passed away, and this was a heavy person. As they took the person out of the coffin on a rainy day, there was nothing, but a mud hole and they put that body in there. I don't know if we want to talk about those horrible, morbid things.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/146555/file/270384#t=324.0,397.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/146555/file/270384/transcript/78787/annotation/19","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eFRANCO:\u003c/strong\u003e Was that an Orthodox tradition, or was that . . . ?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/146555/file/270384#t=397.0,400.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/146555/file/270384/transcript/78787/annotation/20","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eCAVALIER:\u003c/strong\u003e That's right. In fact, that's where we say today is just a plain pine box, but we just had the one until the Board of Health really moved in and changed the whole situation there. When I came to Atlanta in 1930, as far as this synagogue, they were still Orthodox. I was here during the day of the transition of going from the Orthodox to the Conservative. In Chattanooga, I always had to sit behind the curtain upstairs with just the women. That also happened here in Atlanta for at least five or six years on Washington Street, until we went into Conservative Judaism.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/146555/file/270384#t=400.0,442.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/146555/file/270384/transcript/78787/annotation/21","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eFRANCO:\u003c/strong\u003e Describe your parents, the kind of home that they had provided for nine children.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/146555/file/270384#t=442.0,452.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/146555/file/270384/transcript/78787/annotation/22","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eCAVALIER:\u003c/strong\u003e For nine children? It was a beautiful home. Of course, we doubled up in bedrooms. There were three of us girls sleeping in one room, and three boys, and the other babies had a room until they could be transferred, and we could go into another room with all the older children. As far as our dining room, it was a long table, twice the size of this. We all sit around there every night. Of course, on the Friday morning, we could get up and my mother, aleha ha-shalom [Hebrew: may peace be upon her], had started the challahs and the sweet rolls on the Thursday night, and they were rising, and they'd already be in the oven, and we'd come in Friday morning to the breakfast with those fresh challah and sweet rolls. Around this table, we always looked for Friday morning, because that's when we got the hot babkas. It was nothing but happiness constantly, and laughing, and laughter and talking. As long as we kept everything strictly kosher, as long as we didn't mix up our dishes, we were all in good shape. But if anything got mixed up . . . in fact, my mother, aleha ha-shalom, was always so busy, either having children, or busy either cooking or sewing, that each one of us took over so many chores that we had to do. We did it gracefully, and we loved it.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/146555/file/270384#t=452.0,531.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/146555/file/270384/transcript/78787/annotation/23","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eFRANCO:\u003c/strong\u003e What was your place in the family of nine? Where were you born?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/146555/file/270384#t=531.0,534.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/146555/file/270384/transcript/78787/annotation/24","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eCAVALIER:\u003c/strong\u003e I was number six, and for six years, I was called baby. There wasn't supposed to be any more children, but three others came after that six years later. Up until that time, the first six of us were only about 17 months difference. But the rest of them, after I came, it was six years until the number seven, eight, and nine arrived.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/146555/file/270384#t=534.0,557.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/146555/file/270384/transcript/78787/annotation/25","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eFRANCO:\u003c/strong\u003e How many siblings do you have today?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/146555/file/270384#t=557.0,562.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/146555/file/270384/transcript/78787/annotation/26","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eCAVALIER:\u003c/strong\u003e I have three.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/146555/file/270384#t=562.0,563.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/146555/file/270384/transcript/78787/annotation/27","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eFRANCO:\u003c/strong\u003e Who are they?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/146555/file/270384#t=563.0,564.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/146555/file/270384/transcript/78787/annotation/28","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eCAVALIER:\u003c/strong\u003e Sally Kaplan, she's married and has three children, and my oldest son, Jules, that's over 50 is not married, lives in California, and Ben, that lives in Atlanta, not married.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/146555/file/270384#t=564.0,577.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/146555/file/270384/transcript/78787/annotation/29","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eFRANCO:\u003c/strong\u003e I was referring to your siblings, to your brothers and sisters. How many do you have today?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/146555/file/270384#t=577.0,582.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/146555/file/270384/transcript/78787/annotation/30","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eCAVALIER:\u003c/strong\u003e I have only one sister left and two brothers, and myself, out of nine children.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/146555/file/270384#t=582.0,587.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/146555/file/270384/transcript/78787/annotation/31","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eFRANCO:\u003c/strong\u003e Who are they?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/146555/file/270384#t=587.0,588.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/146555/file/270384/transcript/78787/annotation/32","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eCAVALIER:\u003c/strong\u003e My sister Minnie Sherman who lives in Chattanooga, and my brother Sidney Fine who lives in Las Vegas [Nevada], and brother Abe I. Fine who live in Los Angeles, California.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/146555/file/270384#t=588.0,599.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/146555/file/270384/transcript/78787/annotation/33","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eFRANCO:\u003c/strong\u003e Do you have an opportunity to see them?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/146555/file/270384#t=599.0,602.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/146555/file/270384/transcript/78787/annotation/34","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eCAVALIER:\u003c/strong\u003e Yes. In fact, this weekend, we're all going to meet for a bar mitzvah in Chattanooga and the whole family will be there. No, we keep in contact, we keep in close contact with the small family that's left. It's later than you think, so we see each other as often as we can.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/146555/file/270384#t=602.0,619.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/146555/file/270384/transcript/78787/annotation/35","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eFRANCO:\u003c/strong\u003e What sort of work did your father do in Chattanooga?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/146555/file/270384#t=619.0,622.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/146555/file/270384/transcript/78787/annotation/36","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eCAVALIER:\u003c/strong\u003e My father was always in the men's clothing business when he was in business, but most of the time he was spending his life in the synagogue. I had a beautiful upbringing because all I knew was to either give charity or either do for others. That's what my folks taught me. My daddy, whenever there was a family to come from Russia, he was too busy trying to get the money together to bring that family in and not take care of his business, so those were our poor years . . . when the family got here and was comfortable, then we went back, and we had money again. My mother always taught me if we had $8, all I heard all my life was the poor. We had to live on only four and give four to the poor. I'm very grateful for that background because I'm a duplicate of my daddy. I believe in doing for others and taking care of . . . in fact I'm always accused by my family that I try to take care of the world, but I don't really try to do that. I just try to live and let others live also.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/146555/file/270384#t=622.0,685.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/146555/file/270384/transcript/78787/annotation/37","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eFRANCO:\u003c/strong\u003e You mentioned Russian immigration, what years did that occur when your father was helping, I assume, Russian Jewish immigrants?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/146555/file/270384#t=685.0,698.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/146555/file/270384/transcript/78787/annotation/38","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eCAVALIER:\u003c/strong\u003e I was only . . . I started with my daddy going to the synagogue at four years old, I can remember, so that was anywhere from the early years of 1912, up to the years later when we got up until the time that the folks came in before Hitler got into the country.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/146555/file/270384#t=698.0,721.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/146555/file/270384/transcript/78787/annotation/39","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eFRANCO:\u003c/strong\u003e Were there a number of Soviet Jewish immigrants who came to Chattanooga?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/146555/file/270384#t=721.0,725.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/146555/file/270384/transcript/78787/annotation/40","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eCAVALIER:\u003c/strong\u003e Very few that came to Chattanooga, but at least they got them to New York and at that time I think the majority of them went up to . . . was it Wilmington [North Carolina] where they had a complete settlement of Jewish refugees? We had a few that came to Chattanooga, but not too many. We had . . . most of them, they either came to Atlanta and quite a few went to Nashville, but I remember the families that had settled there.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/146555/file/270384#t=725.0,751.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/146555/file/270384/transcript/78787/annotation/41","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eFRANCO:\u003c/strong\u003e You seem to be very much influenced by your father.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/146555/file/270384#t=751.0,754.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/146555/file/270384/transcript/78787/annotation/42","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eCAVALIER:\u003c/strong\u003e That's right.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/146555/file/270384#t=754.0,755.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/146555/file/270384/transcript/78787/annotation/43","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eFRANCO:\u003c/strong\u003e Could you expand on that further?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/146555/file/270384#t=755.0,758.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/146555/file/270384/transcript/78787/annotation/44","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eCAVALIER:\u003c/strong\u003e The only thing, like I say, he just wanted to do for everyone and everything that came along. That was number one. Of course, his family, he always took care of the best that he could. Of course, like, I say there were some years that we were poor, but we didn't even mind that. We were still happy with that and happy that we could always do for others. My daddy, he was 72 when he passed away in 1949, and at that time I thought 72 was old. But since I'm way past that today myself, I don't think it's so old.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/146555/file/270384#t=758.0,795.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/146555/file/270384/transcript/78787/annotation/45","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eFRANCO:\u003c/strong\u003e Do you want to share how old you are today?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/146555/file/270384#t=795.0,797.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/146555/file/270384/transcript/78787/annotation/46","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eCAVALIER:\u003c/strong\u003e I surely do. I'm 77 years old.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/146555/file/270384#t=797.0,801.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/146555/file/270384/transcript/78787/annotation/47","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eFRANCO:\u003c/strong\u003e What kinds of experiences did you share with him?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/146555/file/270384#t=801.0,807.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/146555/file/270384/transcript/78787/annotation/48","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eCAVALIER:\u003c/strong\u003e Only mostly to do . . . connection with the synagogue. His hobby was baseball, and I would always go to baseball games with him. Of course, it was a little embarrassing because he knew every player and he would yell to them and tell them to hit that ball or make a run or do something. It was still a lot of fun. My favorite sport today is baseball, having been raised with my daddy. In fact, we used to play at home, the brothers and the sisters. I had one brother that told me one time, he really made a baseball player out of me because when I was the youngest at that time, my mama told him that I had to play. He had run me in the house twice and she said, \"You go back out there and tell everybody if you can't play, he has to come in.\" My brother said, \"If you don't hit that ball, I'm going to take the bat and hit your head.\" I hit that [ball] and from then on, everyone wanted me on their side. It was always either . . . we were between synagogue a baseball was the two of our hobbies.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/146555/file/270384#t=807.0,868.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/146555/file/270384/transcript/78787/annotation/49","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eFRANCO:\u003c/strong\u003e Do you think all of your brothers and sisters share a similar feeling about your family, about the influence of your parents?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/146555/file/270384#t=868.0,875.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/146555/file/270384/transcript/78787/annotation/50","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eCAVALIER:\u003c/strong\u003e No, they're the same way as far as a happy life growing up, but they didn't take to synagogue life and Judaism the way that I did. There's so much of it that they've lost out and didn't accept and didn't carry it on.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/146555/file/270384#t=875.0,890.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/146555/file/270384/transcript/78787/annotation/51","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eFRANCO:\u003c/strong\u003e Why do you think that you, out of the nine, as you say, took to it so well?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/146555/file/270384#t=890.0,896.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/146555/file/270384/transcript/78787/annotation/52","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eCAVALIER:\u003c/strong\u003e At that time, I was looking for something. I was trying to find more than I could find in books. I found out that that was the thing that I was looking for and I found it and I was happy with it.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/146555/file/270384#t=896.0,910.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/146555/file/270384/transcript/78787/annotation/53","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eFRANCO:\u003c/strong\u003e Describe your Jewish education in Chattanooga.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/146555/file/270384#t=910.0,913.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/146555/file/270384/transcript/78787/annotation/54","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eCAVALIER:\u003c/strong\u003e The Jewish education was very bad the years that I grew up. At that time, just like I said, you were strictly Orthodox, the women were supposed to stay home and do the work, and they weren't really supposed to attend services. Of course, when you'd go to synagogue or to Hebrew school, which I'd go several days after the school, there were very few girls. I had one girl friend that she and I went and every day the boys would run us home, but we kept coming back the next day. Our education growing up there as far as in the Hebrew School or Sunday School, we had very little. I really picked up all of my Jewish education and history after I married and came to Atlanta.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/146555/file/270384#t=913.0,959.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/146555/file/270384/transcript/78787/annotation/55","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eFRANCO:\u003c/strong\u003e How did you feel about that at the time, particularly since you were so akin to Judaism and the influence of your father?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/146555/file/270384#t=959.0,967.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/146555/file/270384/transcript/78787/annotation/56","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eCAVALIER:\u003c/strong\u003e Because I knew all the holidays, and I knew all the rituals, and I knew all the kashrut, and in fact when I came here, and the crowd that I went with, they didn't keep kosher, and they didn't understand. They said, \"It's so hard, Helen.\" I said, \"No, I don't know any other way. I know how to keep my dishes separated, and that's why I believe in all of this, and I can do it very easily.\" It was no effort on my part whatsoever.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/146555/file/270384#t=967.0,995.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/146555/file/270384/transcript/78787/annotation/57","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eFRANCO:\u003c/strong\u003e Can you expand a little bit on your mother?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/146555/file/270384#t=995.0,998.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/146555/file/270384/transcript/78787/annotation/58","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eCAVALIER:\u003c/strong\u003e My mother was the most gorgeous creature, first of all. She was perfectly exquisite. She worked awfully, awfully hard. As we got older, we begged her to slow up, but she never slowed up. She kept working and working. She had to make our clothes, and she had to bake, and she had cook, and she had to do so many things. she was trying to take care of the families that had lost someone and taking the meals, and that's where I learned it all from, that you go in the back door, and you leave a meal, and you go out and they don't even know where it comes from. After I got old enough to drive, I would be the one to drive and take it to these houses. She was the kindest and the sweetest person, and the house was always open, regardless of the nine children, we could still feed ten more, it didn't matter. On all the holidays, and regardless of wherever they came from, our house was open, and everyone would come and join in with us. We had room for everyone.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/146555/file/270384#t=998.0,1061.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/146555/file/270384/transcript/78787/annotation/59","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eFRANCO:\u003c/strong\u003e What was your mother and father's first name?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/146555/file/270384#t=1061.0,1063.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/146555/file/270384/transcript/78787/annotation/60","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eCAVALIER:\u003c/strong\u003e My mother was Ethel Shuler Friedman, and my daddy was Jacob Max Fine.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/146555/file/270384#t=1063.0,1073.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/146555/file/270384/transcript/78787/annotation/61","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eFRANCO:\u003c/strong\u003e Did she have time, I think you said that she did, for community work?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/146555/file/270384#t=1073.0,1079.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/146555/file/270384/transcript/78787/annotation/62","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eCAVALIER:\u003c/strong\u003e Yes. At that time, it was the Ladies Aid Society, and she would go once a month to the meeting. She'd always bake and take things there to the synagogue because they never serve refreshments, but she felt like that they should have something. She'd go there and bake at home, take it there, and make tea. That's as far as the organizations at the time in Chattanooga that they had, only the Ladies Aid Society. Later Hadassah was organized and my older sister started it, it was Junior Hadassah.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/146555/file/270384#t=1079.0,1115.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/146555/file/270384/transcript/78787/annotation/63","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eFRANCO:\u003c/strong\u003e The Ladies Aid Society was an organization affiliated with . . .","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/146555/file/270384#t=1115.0,1119.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/146555/file/270384/transcript/78787/annotation/64","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eCAVALIER:\u003c/strong\u003e Organization with the synagogue that later became the Sisterhood many years later. That's what it the Sisterhood was in the synagogue.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/146555/file/270384#t=1119.0,1127.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/146555/file/270384/transcript/78787/annotation/65","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eFRANCO:\u003c/strong\u003e What was the size of the Jewish community in Chattanooga when you were growing up?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/146555/file/270384#t=1127.0,1132.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/146555/file/270384/transcript/78787/annotation/66","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eCAVALIER:\u003c/strong\u003e When I was growing up, it was a very small population. I don't imagine at the time that we had over, I'd say not much over a thousand Jewish people. Of course, in the later years after I grew up from my early years, I imagine we got to maybe 2,500 or 3,000 Jews. It was a very small Jewish community, but at the time, I only remember the one synagogue. It was many years later when the temple and the Reform organized.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/146555/file/270384#t=1132.0,1168.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/146555/file/270384/transcript/78787/annotation/67","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eFRANCO:\u003c/strong\u003e You belonged to the Orthodox synagogue?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/146555/file/270384#t=1168.0,1170.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/146555/file/270384/transcript/78787/annotation/68","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eCAVALIER:\u003c/strong\u003e Orthodox synagogue.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/146555/file/270384#t=1170.0,1171.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/146555/file/270384/transcript/78787/annotation/69","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eFRANCO:\u003c/strong\u003e Later, you said there was . . .","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/146555/file/270384#t=1171.0,1176.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/146555/file/270384/transcript/78787/annotation/70","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eCAVALIER:\u003c/strong\u003e The temple organized and now there is in Chattanooga the large synagogue, B'nai Zion is still there, where we belonged, two other small synagogues and a temple.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/146555/file/270384#t=1176.0,1186.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/146555/file/270384/transcript/78787/annotation/71","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eFRANCO:\u003c/strong\u003e Are they Conservative?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/146555/file/270384#t=1186.0,1188.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/146555/file/270384/transcript/78787/annotation/72","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eCAVALIER:\u003c/strong\u003e They're conservative, yes. They're all Conservative. If there's an Orthodox one there, I don't know.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/146555/file/270384#t=1188.0,1194.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/146555/file/270384/transcript/78787/annotation/73","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eFRANCO:\u003c/strong\u003e What were your earliest memories of holidays in Chattanooga?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/146555/file/270384#t=1194.0,1200.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/146555/file/270384/transcript/78787/annotation/74","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eCAVALIER:\u003c/strong\u003e The first I was going to school . . . the school days, and it was Hanukkah. Our friends would always come back to school and talk about what they got for Christmas. I was taught at home that Hanukkah was more beautiful than Christmas for the simple reason when they'd say that they got Christmas we could say, \"We got a gift, or we got money for eight nights instead of one day.\" That was the difference that we could always celebrate Hanukkah and not be envious of Christmas because we never participated. In those days, it wasn't like today, I don't think there was as much antisemitism as it is today. If there was, we didn't have it or we didn't remember it. We were all accepted, and we went with all the children, the gentiles and all, because we knew our place and where we belonged. We would brag about our synagogue when they'd talk about their church, or their Easter and we'd talk our Passover. We always got along beautifully as far as the holidays.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/146555/file/270384#t=1200.0,1266.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/146555/file/270384/transcript/78787/annotation/75","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eFRANCO:\u003c/strong\u003e You mentioned that you enjoyed your synagogue life almost more than you did your formal education in school. What was secular school like in Chattanooga growing up?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/146555/file/270384#t=1266.0,1280.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/146555/file/270384/transcript/78787/annotation/76","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eCAVALIER:\u003c/strong\u003e Like I say, there was no difference. We had very little trouble, as far as the question of the Jewish question at the time. Of course, there were no day schools or anything. We didn't know anything about any day schools. We were all just thrown together constantly. There was no difference at all.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/146555/file/270384#t=1280.0,1301.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/146555/file/270384/transcript/78787/annotation/77","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eFRANCO:\u003c/strong\u003e How did you spend your teen years?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/146555/file/270384#t=1301.0,1306.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/146555/file/270384/transcript/78787/annotation/78","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eCAVALIER:\u003c/strong\u003e Teen years, an organization, a girls club and we always had shows. I was always supposed to be one of the dancers in the shows and I grew up dancing. In fact, coming up and growing up when I was in high school, they always said \"What would you like to be?\" I said, \"I either want to be a nurse or a dancer.\" At that time, my mother looked down on both professions. I wasn't a nurse, and I wasn't a dancer. She said I was going to stay home, and I'd become a teacher. To this day, I've never gone to nursing school and I've never danced in New York like I had hoped. But I'm still dancing and I'm still nursing in Jewish homes and hospitals and wherever I can go. The two things that I love I'm still doing but I never got the education doing it.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/146555/file/270384#t=1306.0,1356.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/146555/file/270384/transcript/78787/annotation/79","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eFRANCO:\u003c/strong\u003e You mentioned your mother wanting you to to be a teacher, was that the only option career-wise open to girls?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/146555/file/270384#t=1356.0,1365.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/146555/file/270384/transcript/78787/annotation/80","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eCAVALIER:\u003c/strong\u003e That was the only thing that she approved of, and of course, at the time, I was going to settle down here and come to Atlanta and go to school and things got bad, and I had to stay home and go work for the family. I never did finish the education that I had planned on getting.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/146555/file/270384#t=1365.0,1381.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/146555/file/270384/transcript/78787/annotation/81","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eFRANCO:\u003c/strong\u003e What year was that?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/146555/file/270384#t=1381.0,1383.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/146555/file/270384/transcript/78787/annotation/82","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eCAVALIER:\u003c/strong\u003e That was 1924.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/146555/file/270384#t=1383.0,1389.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/146555/file/270384/transcript/78787/annotation/83","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eFRANCO:\u003c/strong\u003e Things got bad economically for your mother?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/146555/file/270384#t=1389.0,1392.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/146555/file/270384/transcript/78787/annotation/84","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eCAVALIER:\u003c/strong\u003e That's right. Yes, for my daddy. We all went to work and helped out the family the best that we could.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/146555/file/270384#t=1392.0,1399.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/146555/file/270384/transcript/78787/annotation/85","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eFRANCO:\u003c/strong\u003e You had a formal education through what year?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/146555/file/270384#t=1399.0,1404.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/146555/file/270384/transcript/78787/annotation/86","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eCAVALIER:\u003c/strong\u003e Through the year of finishing high school, it was 1924 or 1925.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/146555/file/270384#t=1404.0,1411.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/146555/file/270384/transcript/78787/annotation/87","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eFRANCO:\u003c/strong\u003e Your plans were to have come to Atlanta to study?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/146555/file/270384#t=1411.0,1418.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/146555/file/270384/transcript/78787/annotation/88","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eCAVALIER:\u003c/strong\u003e Atlanta, that's right, to be a teacher. Of course, I had to cancel that out and go to work.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/146555/file/270384#t=1418.0,1422.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/146555/file/270384/transcript/78787/annotation/89","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eFRANCO:\u003c/strong\u003e The state normal school was located where?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/146555/file/270384#t=1422.0,1425.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/146555/file/270384/transcript/78787/annotation/90","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eCAVALIER:\u003c/strong\u003e The state normal was here. At the time, I was coming to Atlanta to the state normal school.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/146555/file/270384#t=1425.0,1431.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/146555/file/270384/transcript/78787/annotation/91","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eFRANCO:\u003c/strong\u003e Was that a private institution?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/146555/file/270384#t=1431.0,1432.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/146555/file/270384/transcript/78787/annotation/92","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eCAVALIER:\u003c/strong\u003e It was a private, because we had to fill out the application and sent so much. I don't remember much about it. After I didn't go, I just forgot it all. Really, I can't think of where it's located or anything about it, but that's where I was coming. I wasn't going to a University of Chattanooga. They had a university there at that time. My older brother and my second brother had already graduated there.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/146555/file/270384#t=1432.0,1461.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/146555/file/270384/transcript/78787/annotation/93","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eFRANCO:\u003c/strong\u003e What was the attitude about formal education for boys and girls in your family?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/146555/file/270384#t=1461.0,1470.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/146555/file/270384/transcript/78787/annotation/94","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eCAVALIER:\u003c/strong\u003e They were strictly against it. They didn't think that the girls should get the education that the boys got. They said the girls were supposed to be married and be the housemaker, so they didn't need the education. I have an uncle, alav ha-shalom [Hebrew: may peace be upon him], that always fussed with my mother and said, \"Ethel, you're wrong. Every girl should have an education. God forbid, if she has to go out and work, that she'll be able to take on a job.\" We really . . . they were worried about the boys going to college and get their education, but not the girls.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/146555/file/270384#t=1470.0,1504.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/146555/file/270384/transcript/78787/annotation/95","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eFRANCO:\u003c/strong\u003e How did you feel about that at the time?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/146555/file/270384#t=1504.0,1506.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/146555/file/270384/transcript/78787/annotation/96","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eCAVALIER:\u003c/strong\u003e At the time, it didn't bother . . . originally, it bothered me, but after things were . . . when conditions were bad and I went to work, it never bothered me or thought about it again. [A section of audio from Tape 1, Side 1 of this interview is missing, see end of the transcript] [interview pauses, then resumes]","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/146555/file/270384#t=1506.0,1522.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/146555/file/270384/transcript/78787/annotation/97","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eFRANCO:\u003c/strong\u003e This is Jody Franco interviewing Helen Cavalier on November 26, 1985. This is tape one, side two. Helen, we were talking before we switched sides about Sidney coming down here, or his family coming down to take over a business, and you were saying that was in what year?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/146555/file/270384#t=1522.0,1542.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/146555/file/270384/transcript/78787/annotation/98","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eCAVALIER:\u003c/strong\u003e 1910.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/146555/file/270384#t=1542.0,1544.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/146555/file/270384/transcript/78787/annotation/99","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eFRANCO:\u003c/strong\u003e 1910. He was how old then?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/146555/file/270384#t=1544.0,1545.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/146555/file/270384/transcript/78787/annotation/100","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eCAVALIER:\u003c/strong\u003e He was four years old, and they came from Hoboken, New Jersey. They settled there.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/146555/file/270384#t=1545.0,1552.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/146555/file/270384/transcript/78787/annotation/101","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eFRANCO:\u003c/strong\u003e What sort of business did they go into here?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/146555/file/270384#t=1552.0,1554.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/146555/file/270384/transcript/78787/annotation/102","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eCAVALIER:\u003c/strong\u003e Here they went into the grocery business, along the way from Foundry Street. There was a store that they took over.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/146555/file/270384#t=1554.0,1564.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/146555/file/270384/transcript/78787/annotation/103","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eFRANCO:\u003c/strong\u003e What was it like growing up here in Atlanta for Sidney?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/146555/file/270384#t=1564.0,1569.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/146555/file/270384/transcript/78787/annotation/104","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eCAVALIER:\u003c/strong\u003e He came here, and he was a hustler. Besides going to school, he was a worker. His mother was, like I said, a sick person, and he was always helping her. What he always thinks, though, is the fire in Atlanta. I think it was around 1916, the fire in Atlanta, and he ran into the store to see that his mother came out, and all he would take was a ginger ale for his mother, because that she loved, and they got out. Of course, they had lost everything in that fire that year in Atlanta. After that, I think he went on to work constantly. What he brags about that he used to sell newspapers always to take care of his mother because his daddy wasn't doing much at that time. They finally had a little piece of property where they paid down on Crew Street and then his daddy died so very, very young after that anyway. Of course he was more or less the breadwinner of the family, going to school and working. He later went to night school at Georgia Tech after he finished school at Boys' High, Commercial High School, where he finished and then he went to night school. Then he finally got into business himself, right in his own backyard on Crew Street. That's where he started his cleaning and laundry business.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/146555/file/270384#t=1569.0,1651.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/146555/file/270384/transcript/78787/annotation/105","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eFRANCO:\u003c/strong\u003e What caused the fire of the business?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/146555/file/270384#t=1651.0,1654.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/146555/file/270384/transcript/78787/annotation/106","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eCAVALIER:\u003c/strong\u003e The fire, I don't know. There was a big fire in Atlanta that year that they speak of, and blocks burned, and that's what happened to their store.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/146555/file/270384#t=1654.0,1664.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/146555/file/270384/transcript/78787/annotation/107","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eFRANCO:\u003c/strong\u003e How many children were there in Sidney's family?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/146555/file/270384#t=1664.0,1669.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/146555/file/270384/transcript/78787/annotation/108","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eCAVALIER:\u003c/strong\u003e Sidney's family, let me count them. There was seven children, two girls and five boys, and Sidney was the baby of all of them. As he grew up, like all in one family, had to take care of everyone, he took care of all his family. In fact, he's the only living one that's left in his family, all others have passed away.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/146555/file/270384#t=1669.0,1694.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/146555/file/270384/transcript/78787/annotation/109","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eFRANCO:\u003c/strong\u003e Did he share a similar kind of growing up experience with a large family that you did in Chattanooga?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/146555/file/270384#t=1694.0,1700.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/146555/file/270384/transcript/78787/annotation/110","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eCAVALIER:\u003c/strong\u003e Not exactly, not exactly. They weren't as closely knit as our family was. Although he was always helping them, he more or less resented it that he had to help them, that they weren't able to help their mother coming up or coming up and not being well and all. It wasn't the same experience whatsoever but as he got older, he didn't object to doing things. I told him that was all we could do, we have to take care of many people, but our families always came first regardless.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/146555/file/270384#t=1700.0,1735.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/146555/file/270384/transcript/78787/annotation/111","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eFRANCO:\u003c/strong\u003e You mentioned that when you moved down here, you went to work. Was that an unusual thing to do, for women, young women, to do?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/146555/file/270384#t=1735.0,1745.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/146555/file/270384/transcript/78787/annotation/112","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eCAVALIER:\u003c/strong\u003e It really was, because my friends used to say, as I later had a child or two, that I was at work and that I wasn't with the children, and I would correct them. I would say, \"Look, I'm up at six o'clock. I'm out with work I have to do up until I come back at seven and I get my children ready for school. I sit down and have breakfast with them, send them off to school, and I come back and work before they come home from school. You sleep late and you get up at 11 o'clock and you go out and play cards and you're not there when your children come home. I spend more time with my children working,\" I always said, \"Give me a busy person to get a job well done.\" I'd find time for them, and I find time to my work, but it was unusual, and I was really criticized quite a bit because I went to work.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/146555/file/270384#t=1745.0,1797.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/146555/file/270384/transcript/78787/annotation/113","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eFRANCO:\u003c/strong\u003e What motivated you to do that?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/146555/file/270384#t=1797.0,1800.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/146555/file/270384/transcript/78787/annotation/114","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eCAVALIER:\u003c/strong\u003e When Sidney used to court me in Chattanooga, he'd always say, \"Honey, if you work half as hard for me and you did for your family, we can get on our feet fast.\" He always encouraged me to come and help him work. I went to work, and I was very happy. We got on our feet and then I could spend time with the family and do the things that I wanted to do for the children.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/146555/file/270384#t=1800.0,1822.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/146555/file/270384/transcript/78787/annotation/115","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eFRANCO:\u003c/strong\u003e What kind of home did you set up for your new family?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/146555/file/270384#t=1822.0,1828.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/146555/file/270384/transcript/78787/annotation/116","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eCAVALIER:\u003c/strong\u003e For my new family, I set up a home that I tried to put the same love and affection that I was growing up with and the same Judaism that I was taught in my home. I carried that all out a hundred percent because I'd see that they all went not only to Sunday school but to Hebrew school and take extra courses and learn more about our Jewish history than I was taught as a youngster. I'm very happy the way they came up and they're all close to synagogue. Regardless of where they are, they have stayed within the synagogue and have stayed within the Jewish faith.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/146555/file/270384#t=1828.0,1865.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/146555/file/270384/transcript/78787/annotation/117","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eFRANCO:\u003c/strong\u003e Did you help Sidney in the laundry business?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/146555/file/270384#t=1865.0,1871.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/146555/file/270384/transcript/78787/annotation/118","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eCAVALIER:\u003c/strong\u003e Yes, in the laundry business.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/146555/file/270384#t=1871.0,1872.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/146555/file/270384/transcript/78787/annotation/119","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eFRANCO:\u003c/strong\u003e Who took care of your children before school age?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/146555/file/270384#t=1872.0,1875.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/146555/file/270384/transcript/78787/annotation/120","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eCAVALIER:\u003c/strong\u003e Before school age, I was generally there with them before they ever started the school. Like I said, someone would be there, but I didn't work when they were so tiny. After I had children, it was four years until I had a child, so then I stopped in between to stayed home until they got to a pretty good size before I'd go back to work.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/146555/file/270384#t=1875.0,1895.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/146555/file/270384/transcript/78787/annotation/121","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eFRANCO:\u003c/strong\u003e What was the Jewish population of Atlanta during your early years here?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/146555/file/270384#t=1895.0,1902.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/146555/file/270384/transcript/78787/annotation/122","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eCAVALIER:\u003c/strong\u003e The early years, I think it was close to 10,000 when I first came here. It may not have been quite that much, but in the early years it was close to 10,000 Jews. Of course, that's all the Jews. There could only have been maybe 3,000 or 4,000 families, you see, but as far as a complete population it was about 10,000.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/146555/file/270384#t=1902.0,1925.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/146555/file/270384/transcript/78787/annotation/123","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eFRANCO:\u003c/strong\u003e Can you describe the Jewish community of Atlanta in the 1930's?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/146555/file/270384#t=1925.0,1931.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/146555/file/270384/transcript/78787/annotation/124","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eCAVALIER:\u003c/strong\u003e In the 1930's . . . I'll tell you a very poor experience that I learned very early. You mentioned politics before, as soon as I came here, I was active immediately in a synagogue, even though I had no children. I joined the Sisterhood, and it was just a couple of years later, two years later, I was put on the nominating committee. I couldn't understand, here was just, really, I wanted to say [indistinct: 32:33] but I'd better not say it, coming from Chattanooga and put on nominating committee. Who in the world would ever think so? Because I was never mingled in politics whatsoever. When the time came to go to the meetings, I'm a very prompt person, I was there as usual 15 minutes ahead of time and when I got over there, I was told by the rest of the committee that this is the slate. I said, \"Thank you, ladies. I'm so happy that it's completed, and I've got work to do at the office, I can leave.\" I left in my car and went down about two blocks and I stopped, and I cried several hours. I said, \"Mama and Papa, alav ha-shalom, you told me to be active and to do things and get involved,\" and I said, \"if this is politics. I'll never . . . I don't want no part of it.\" I said, \"But you taught me to give and do, I'll continue to do that until I die. But as far as taking an office of an organization, I'll make a vow right here I'll never do it.\" In Atlanta, they don't know to this day why I've never been a president of Sisterhood or Hadassah or City of Hope, or Brandeis or many other organizations. But I'll work and I'll do it, but I won't accept office, on the early . . . I learned politics very early in life.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/146555/file/270384#t=1931.0,2032.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/146555/file/270384/transcript/78787/annotation/125","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eFRANCO:\u003c/strong\u003e Expand on the experience a little bit.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/146555/file/270384#t=2032.0,2034.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/146555/file/270384/transcript/78787/annotation/126","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eCAVALIER:\u003c/strong\u003e The experience was that I knew who was supposed to be on the slate, and they had sidetracked someone that was really looking for it. To me, I just didn't know. I just thought everything was democratic. I thought that that was the way that you did, but I learned that that's not the way that you can do it. Later when we went into the synagogue and brought in the slate on Washington Street, there was a lot of controversy then, and a lot of talking and all, but they won out the way that they wanted it. This person was hurt, and I just couldn't stand to see anyone hurt.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/146555/file/270384#t=2034.0,2069.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/146555/file/270384/transcript/78787/annotation/127","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eFRANCO:\u003c/strong\u003e Do you want to name the person?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/146555/file/270384#t=2069.0,2072.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/146555/file/270384/transcript/78787/annotation/128","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eCAVALIER:\u003c/strong\u003e I'd rather not, but if you insist, I will.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/146555/file/270384#t=2072.0,2075.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/146555/file/270384/transcript/78787/annotation/129","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eFRANCO:\u003c/strong\u003e Not if you're not comfortable doing it.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/146555/file/270384#t=2075.0,2077.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/146555/file/270384/transcript/78787/annotation/130","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eCAVALIER:\u003c/strong\u003e Alright. She's passed away, so it's nothing . . . in fact, you would know her very well yourself.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/146555/file/270384#t=2077.0,2082.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/146555/file/270384/transcript/78787/annotation/131","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eFRANCO:\u003c/strong\u003e Was this for a slate for Sisterhood?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/146555/file/270384#t=2082.0,2085.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/146555/file/270384/transcript/78787/annotation/132","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eCAVALIER:\u003c/strong\u003e For Sisterhood, that's right.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/146555/file/270384#t=2085.0,2086.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/146555/file/270384/transcript/78787/annotation/133","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eFRANCO:\u003c/strong\u003e You mentioned the Washington Street synagogue. What was the name of the synagogue?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/146555/file/270384#t=2086.0,2093.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/146555/file/270384/transcript/78787/annotation/134","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eCAVALIER:\u003c/strong\u003e The Ahavath Achim, the same as it is today.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/146555/file/270384#t=2093.0,2095.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/146555/file/270384/transcript/78787/annotation/135","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eFRANCO:\u003c/strong\u003e What kind of synagogue was that?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/146555/file/270384#t=2095.0,2098.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/146555/file/270384/transcript/78787/annotation/136","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eCAVALIER:\u003c/strong\u003e When I first came here, like I said before, it was strictly Orthodox, but in a few years, it was changed. I think in four or five years I could come from upstairs balcony and sit downstairs with my husband and later sit there with my children.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/146555/file/270384#t=2098.0,2111.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/146555/file/270384/transcript/78787/annotation/137","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eFRANCO:\u003c/strong\u003e Who was the rabbi at the time?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/146555/file/270384#t=2111.0,2112.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/146555/file/270384/transcript/78787/annotation/138","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eCAVALIER:\u003c/strong\u003e The rabbi was Rabbi [Harry] Epstein. He'd come here in, I think, 1927 and then married Reva in 1928. When I had come in 1930, he was the rabbi. Then we later bought the property and built an education center on 10th Street. Our first donor luncheon, I was a chairman with Mary Dwoskin, aleha ha-shalom, and our Sisterhood donor luncheon was $5 to come so we could buy a desk for that building. In fact, we cooked the meal ourselves and served it ourselves. After we cooked the meal the night before, I said, \"How am I going to serve these 200 women? We have no way of serving them.\" Irving Galanty, at the time . . . I said, \"I'll put them into the catering business.\" I called Irving and my own husband, and I said, \"You'll have to come tomorrow and help us serve this meal.\" Irving was in the five- and ten-cent store, I had borrowed the silver and all that we could serve this meal from him, so that was the way that we got into our educational building, and we got desks for our school room, on our first donor luncheon. I'm trying to think, that was 1941, our first donors' luncheon.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/146555/file/270384#t=2112.0,2190.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/146555/file/270384/transcript/78787/annotation/139","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eFRANCO:\u003c/strong\u003e What other synagogues were in Atlanta in the 1930's?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/146555/file/270384#t=2190.0,2194.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/146555/file/270384/transcript/78787/annotation/140","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eCAVALIER:\u003c/strong\u003e In the 1930's, there was Shearith Israel, it was on Washington Street. Besides The Temple, I think that was still on Pryor Street, I believe. Later, I don't remember what year, but Beth Jacob was organized on Boulevard in a house. I don't remember what year there was no Beth Jacob. They just had . . . that was the only two synagogues, our synagogue and Shearith Israel.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/146555/file/270384#t=2194.0,2224.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/146555/file/270384/transcript/78787/annotation/141","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eFRANCO:\u003c/strong\u003e What was the relationship between The Temple, made up primarily of the German Jewish population and the Ahavath Achim?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/146555/file/270384#t=2224.0,2234.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/146555/file/270384/transcript/78787/annotation/142","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eCAVALIER:\u003c/strong\u003e At the time, we were the Russian Jews, and they were the German Jews. There wasn't a good feeling for many years, until we got together with the Federation. We all went out to help Germany and to start our Federation. Then we all became one happy family together. Up until that time, we were the . . . more or less, The Temple looked down on by the Reform bunch. We were a different bunch completely, but after the Federation started, we were all just one big happy family.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/146555/file/270384#t=2234.0,2269.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/146555/file/270384/transcript/78787/annotation/143","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eFRANCO:\u003c/strong\u003e Why do you think that those feelings existed?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/146555/file/270384#t=2269.0,2273.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/146555/file/270384/transcript/78787/annotation/144","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eCAVALIER:\u003c/strong\u003e I really can't relate why, unless they thought because they always would say my fatherland. They stood up for Germany even to the very last, you see, my fatherland. In fact, we had a person here that was a refugee, and of course, they would come in, and he was very arrogant. It took us years to break down his barrier and make him present with us. Still, he was from Germany, but he was one of us. There was no difference between us. But their relationship, why they felt better than us, up on a different pedestal than the Russian Jews, against the German Jews, I don't really know.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/146555/file/270384#t=2273.0,2318.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/146555/file/270384/transcript/78787/annotation/145","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eFRANCO:\u003c/strong\u003e You mentioned the Progressive Club earlier. What sort of social clubs were there in Atlanta?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/146555/file/270384#t=2318.0,2325.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/146555/file/270384/transcript/78787/annotation/146","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eCAVALIER:\u003c/strong\u003e At that time, there was the Progressive Club and the Standard Club. The Standard Club was right on Washington Street, just half a block up from our synagogue. Of course, it seemed to be that again, that's when only the Reform Jews went to the Standard Club. The Russian Jews went the Progressive Club. Later, of course, that barrier, there's no difference today. They all belonged to . . . later they . . . then they formed the Mayfair Club.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/146555/file/270384#t=2325.0,2358.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/146555/file/270384/transcript/78787/annotation/147","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eFRANCO:\u003c/strong\u003e Who did?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/146555/file/270384#t=2358.0,2359.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/146555/file/270384/transcript/78787/annotation/148","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eCAVALIER:\u003c/strong\u003e More or less the crowd from the Progressive Club, the Mayfair club. Then people were getting away from the Mayfair Club and going to the Standard Club. At that time there were three clubs in Atlanta. Then the Community Center started building up. Regardless if we belonged to any club, we all felt like we should help out the Community Center because that took care of many families that couldn't afford to belong to any club. They could take their children there and go swimming, where we could go into our own clubs and go swimming. At that time, the antisemitism was getting bad here, and if the children were at Piedmont Park swimming with the others, they were called the Jewish children and all. We felt like we needed a place to have those that couldn't be in the club. We all, of course, helped out building the Atlanta Community Center.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/146555/file/270384#t=2359.0,2415.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/146555/file/270384/transcript/78787/annotation/149","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eFRANCO:\u003c/strong\u003e Who spearheaded that drive to build the Atlanta Jewish Community Center?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/146555/file/270384#t=2415.0,2421.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/146555/file/270384/transcript/78787/annotation/150","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eCAVALIER:\u003c/strong\u003e I believe it was [indistinct: 40:46]. Barney Medintz could have been one of the spear headers, too. He did a fabulous job in Atlanta until he passed away.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/146555/file/270384#t=2421.0,2436.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/146555/file/270384/transcript/78787/annotation/151","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eFRANCO:\u003c/strong\u003e You mentioned the formulation of the Federation. Can you expand on that a little bit further?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/146555/file/270384#t=2436.0,2443.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/146555/file/270384/transcript/78787/annotation/152","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eCAVALIER:\u003c/strong\u003e The Federation, from the beginning on the onset of that, I was active in Federation, and I have been for many years. I have been every chairman in Federation. In fact, the people today, I said, the pace setters, when I would call on people like Rita Goldstein and Sylvia Breman, and those were the people that hadn't come into the folds yet. Of course, today they are our leaders, and we just feel like . . . they have made the most fun of it. It's getting involved and getting others involved is the most important thing. Federation, in fact, one person said to me, \"Helen, when you go out and see this woman, you tell her they've got a big home and two cars, and they have all of this and what to give.\" I said, \"I am a fundraiser, and I assure you, I am on as many projects as any one person, but I never can tell a person what to give. I don't know what's in their pocketbook, and they don't what's in my pocketbook. I will always try to get a little bit more, but I'm not going to tell them what to give.\" That's the beginning of quite a few women having the wrong attitude to tell a person if they have a big home and two cars and send their children to private school, they needed all the money they could get. I could never tell them how much to give.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/146555/file/270384#t=2443.0,2523.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/146555/file/270384/transcript/78787/annotation/153","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eFRANCO:\u003c/strong\u003e who was instrumental in forming the Federation here in Atlanta?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/146555/file/270384#t=2523.0,2528.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/146555/file/270384/transcript/78787/annotation/154","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eCAVALIER:\u003c/strong\u003e Federation? I don't know if Abe Goldstein was right in on the front of it, or who was before . . . I can tell you more as far as the Israel Bonds, I think it was Frank Garson, I believe it was Frank. Now, there was quite a . . . always of the older people that passed away had a lot of good leadership, and Frank called me one time and he said, Helen . . . and that was the beginning of me knowing to have leaders, and I'd do whatever I could. He said, \"Helen, we're going to have a meeting for Bonds,\" I believe it was, \"and we're going to honor A.J. Weinberg, and we want you to get the people at your home.\" At that time, I had [indistinct: 1:42:50] was living on Tuxedo. I got a big crowd, and it was a big success. After that, every affair they wanted, as long as I was one of the few in the early years that had a big home, I'd always have a meetings, do whatever I could to get a crows so we could kick off one of the affairs. In fact, in later years, the Sisterhood had a fundraiser with Richard Tufts, and those that bought or sold so many tickets, they had a privilege to come to the reception. We had a reception in my house. There was Daisy Bell Pruitt [sp] and she lived on Paces Ferry Road, and she would go all over the country for all the operas, and she knew Richard Tufts and that night she was quite angry. She called my house and wanted to know why I had Richard Tufts there. I told her she could come over too, but this was a Sisterhood project, that I didn't have a thing to do with it. It was always fundraising and always trying to get the newer places, into a home where people would come, and we could get organized. That was the beginning of getting into homes, where today every time we have a fundraising thing, any organization, it's in a home.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/146555/file/270384#t=2528.0,2646.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/146555/file/270384/transcript/78787/annotation/155","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eFRANCO:\u003c/strong\u003e You started it?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/146555/file/270384#t=2646.0,2649.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/146555/file/270384/transcript/78787/annotation/156","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eCAVALIER:\u003c/strong\u003e More or less. That's right. Frank Garson said that I had to do this, and of course if Frank said it, I did it.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/146555/file/270384#t=2649.0,2654.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/146555/file/270384/transcript/78787/annotation/157","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eFRANCO:\u003c/strong\u003e What was your relationship with Mr. Garson?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/146555/file/270384#t=2654.0,2657.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/146555/file/270384/transcript/78787/annotation/158","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eCAVALIER:\u003c/strong\u003e Mr. Garson, had a beautiful relationship with Mr. Garson. The only thing I would find fault with Mr. Garson that . . . it takes all kinds of people in this world and even when we have even people who are not officers in an organization, it even takes people to come to a meeting to even make up an audience. Frank Garson, though, he loved to do things, but he always wanted an audience, and that was my only one fault. If I'd go to him, or Gussie, aleha ha-shalom, and they were up on Whitehall Street in a building with two little machines that he was going to help out people. If I'd go up to Frank and say, \"Frank, I need money,\" I don't feel like any of these organizations that's soliciting is charity. I feel like that I should do. The only thing I feel like is charity, if I get food and clothes in a home and those families don't know where it comes from, to me, that's charity. If could go to many people and I could raise money and I could get food and clothes in a home . . . but with Frank Garson, God bless him, we'd have to have a meeting, if it's only eight people, and he would get up and say how much he wanted to give to that. But otherwise, I adored him because he was always ready to do, but we always had to have meetings to do it. It wasn't one that just silently you could make a donation. Like today, many people want to do an anonymous, that's fine. He was a great person in Atlanta, quite a leader.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/146555/file/270384#t=2657.0,2744.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/146555/file/270384/transcript/78787/annotation/159","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eFRANCO:\u003c/strong\u003e What was the Jewish community like here? Was there an organized Jewish community?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/146555/file/270384#t=2744.0,2750.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/146555/file/270384/transcript/78787/annotation/160","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eCAVALIER:\u003c/strong\u003e Yes, they were organized. They were organized. The only thing, just like after Frank had passed away, and I.M. Weinstein and his cousin A.J. Weinberg, Joe Jacobs. I sat one day with Mike Gettinger, and I said, \"Mike, we've got to get to the youngsters. These older people are passing away and their families and money is left there.\" I was so happy when they finally got the young leadership. They've taken over and they've done a fabulous job.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/146555/file/270384#t=2750.0,2785.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/146555/file/270384/transcript/78787/annotation/161","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eFRANCO:\u003c/strong\u003e What sort of Jewish organizations existed in the 1930's here in Atlanta?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/146555/file/270384#t=2785.0,2791.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/146555/file/270384/transcript/78787/annotation/162","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eCAVALIER:\u003c/strong\u003e In the 1930's besides Sisterhood and Hadassah and later, ORT was organized, but that was many years later. Then a few, quite a few years later, they came to me after I had had surgery for cancer and more or less, we organized City of Hope. We did quite a bit with that, and of course Brandeis . . . Brandeis was 1949. Ben had just had polio in 1948, and when they organized, a cousin of mine came here, Max Kohlhoff, he and Doctor . . . [indistinct 1:47:14] that doctor. Anyway, they came and organized Brandeis, and one of the first scholarships was given. Ben had polio, and we gave a scholarship that someone could go to school and run, where our son couldn't at that time walk or run. We were one of those first scholarships. We organized the women that were the life members that same year.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/146555/file/270384#t=2791.0,2866.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/146555/file/270384/transcript/78787/annotation/163","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eFRANCO:\u003c/strong\u003e What organization?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/146555/file/270384#t=2866.0,2867.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/146555/file/270384/transcript/78787/annotation/164","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eCAVALIER:\u003c/strong\u003e That is the Brandeis. Brandeis was organized about 1949. City of Hope was organized later than that. After that, after Ben had polio, then, of course I got very interested in infantile paralysis and I worked in that. Later, when I became a cancer patient, then of course I went into the Cancer Society. I think it was probably infantile paralysis and cancer was always my leading organization as far as fundraising for many, many years.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/146555/file/270384#t=2867.0,2900.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/146555/file/270384/transcript/78787/annotation/165","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eFRANCO:\u003c/strong\u003e You touched on several volunteer organizations that I'd like to spend further time on.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/146555/file/270384#t=2900.0,2909.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/146555/file/270384/transcript/78787/annotation/166","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eCAVALIER:\u003c/strong\u003e I was in the Jewish organizations, yes.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/146555/file/270384#t=2909.0,2910.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/146555/file/270384/transcript/78787/annotation/167","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eFRANCO:\u003c/strong\u003e I'd also like to come back to your personal involvement in those, but just to round out the discussion about the Jewish organizations here in Atlanta. Were the Jewish women involved primarily in the Jewish organizations, or were they also involved in the general community as well?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/146555/file/270384#t=2910.0,2927.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/146555/file/270384/transcript/78787/annotation/168","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eCAVALIER:\u003c/strong\u003e At that time, they were not in the general organizations as well, because even I would have a time when I would try to get the women to work for the March of Dimes, to work on the streets and all, and take part of it. At that time, it was awfully hard to get any of the Jewish women involved. Later, once they knew I was active on the street for the March of Dimes and the Heart Association would call me and the Cancer would call me, and I would try to give some other women these opportunities to do this. But they weren't involved until . . . I don't think they got into these organizations until the late 1950's or 1960's.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/146555/file/270384#t=2927.0,2971.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/146555/file/270384/transcript/78787/annotation/169","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eFRANCO:\u003c/strong\u003e Why do you think there was a reticence to get involved in the more general kind of community?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/146555/file/270384#t=2971.0,2977.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/146555/file/270384/transcript/78787/annotation/170","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eCAVALIER:\u003c/strong\u003e They were all . . . at that time, I think there was more . . . the women were more involved in their own pleasures at that time. To me, there was more card playing and luncheons than getting involved and finding out that organizations can fill a fill a bigger gap than what they were doing. I think they were more interested in a social life at that time.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/146555/file/270384#t=2977.0,3002.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/146555/file/270384/transcript/78787/annotation/171","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eFRANCO:\u003c/strong\u003e You mentioned Ben, when were Sally and Ben and Jules born?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/146555/file/270384#t=3002.0,3008.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/146555/file/270384/transcript/78787/annotation/172","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eCAVALIER:\u003c/strong\u003e Jules was born in 1933, and Sally was born 1937, and Ben was born 1945. There was a big gap there. In 1936 or 1941, Sidney was supposed to have had a heart condition, and he stayed home a solid year in bed. Then we went to Dr. O'Brien, the biggest in the country in Boston [Massachusetts], and found out that his heart was in good shape, and later he said, \"Honey, let's have another child to prove that I'm completely well.\" A few years later, we did that. It was really a pleasure when the other children were older and out of the house, that we still had a youngster home.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/146555/file/270384#t=3008.0,3055.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/146555/file/270384/transcript/78787/annotation/173","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eFRANCO:\u003c/strong\u003e What kind of effect did that have on you for Sidney to be out of work for a year?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/146555/file/270384#t=3055.0,3061.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/146555/file/270384/transcript/78787/annotation/174","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eCAVALIER:\u003c/strong\u003e The only effect it had on me was that I always been active in the business, that I had to take over completely and leave him and the children at home with someone to look after when I'd go to the business. Of course, every day I'd come home, Sidney wanted to know what happened new. I said, \"Honey, you know, you went into the business a day before you got sick,\" which he was there many, many years, and I said, \"Every day has its different problems and if I'm going to come home and tell you every problem, you might want to get up out of the bed and go down there yourself. You'll just have to let me do the best that I can and don't come home and aggravate you. When I come home, let me be with you and the children, and let's pick up on the home life instead of the business life.\"","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/146555/file/270384#t=3061.0,3104.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/146555/file/270384/transcript/78787/annotation/175","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eFRANCO:\u003c/strong\u003e You were thrust into the role of being a professional businesswoman?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/146555/file/270384#t=3104.0,3109.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/146555/file/270384/transcript/78787/annotation/176","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eCAVALIER:\u003c/strong\u003e That's right. While he was sick a year that he stayed home and didn't go to business. His clients . . . at that time he had already expanded into Macon, Georgia, Atlanta, Birmingham [Alabama], and Montgomery [Alabama], and was just going . . . he opened up into Texas. It hadn't got that far. He had one place, but it hadn't taken off. Overnight, he was going to sell out everything. I called the attorney, and I told him that he was young, and the children were young, and I was young, and we were still staying business; he wasn't selling out. We were staying in business, and we were going to do the best we can until he got back up. He got back up and got active in back in business.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/146555/file/270384#t=3109.0,3146.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/146555/file/270384/transcript/78787/annotation/177","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eFRANCO:\u003c/strong\u003e How old were you, Helen, when you took this responsibility?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/146555/file/270384#t=3146.0,3151.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/146555/file/270384/transcript/78787/annotation/178","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eCAVALIER:\u003c/strong\u003e Let's see, must have been, I was just in the early 30's.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/146555/file/270384#t=3151.0,3157.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/146555/file/270384/transcript/78787/annotation/179","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eFRANCO:\u003c/strong\u003e This must have been very difficult for you.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/146555/file/270384#t=3157.0,3160.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/146555/file/270384/transcript/78787/annotation/180","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eCAVALIER:\u003c/strong\u003e It was difficult because I had done all these . . . I've had gotten active in organizations and there was one thing I had to sort of . . . couldn't claim being too much at the time or too much between the business and running home to be with the family because I felt like that their life had to be normal. He was going to try to run the children, and they were . . . when I would leave, he would sit down at breakfast with them. I would alternate their breakfast, if they had cereal one morning, they would have to have eggs, they'd have to have French toast, and then they'd have milk and juice. He would give them everything that a breakfast would consist of. If they were . . . trying to get out of eating their lunch, they would even have a check-off system that they got up on time, and they brushed their teeth, and they ate all their breakfast, and everything was listed there. I had to go home and sort of get it straightened out and try to say, \"Look here, honey, one morning when they have their juice and they have their milk and French toast, that's fine. They don't have to eat their eggs. They don't have to eat hot cereal.\" It was quite a job, but by the time the year was over, he had it adjusted beautifully.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/146555/file/270384#t=3160.0,3230.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/146555/file/270384/transcript/78787/annotation/181","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eFRANCO:\u003c/strong\u003e I was going to ask you what kind of effect this tremendous change had on your relationship with your husband and with your children.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/146555/file/270384#t=3230.0,3238.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/146555/file/270384/transcript/78787/annotation/182","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eCAVALIER:\u003c/strong\u003e It worked out, like I said, it worked out beautifully. The biggest change came with the children at three years old when Ben had polio. Ben was born . . . he had polio. When Sidney was sick, Ben hadn't been born yet. But the biggest change, I could see, that it affected them. In fact, Jules was so compassionate and couldn't stand to see anyone suffer. I think that really left him marred for life because if they would come . . . if we had to take Ben and get him a shot, he couldn't stand to see . . . he wouldn't take a shot, and he couldn't stand to see anyone taking a shot. it would hurt him. Finally, I had realized one day after the attention that was given to Ben, at the end of the month, I brought them both to Miami [Florida]. We were there for three months because he was down there in an iron lung. I brought the children back and forth so we could be together, and they could see. Then later, brought Ben to Atlanta to Warm Springs [Georgia]. Of course, we went back and forth, and I could see that they thought Ben was getting so much attention. Finally, I said, \"Helen, wake up, honey, even though Ben has polio, life has got to go on for Jules and Sally.\" Of course, I turned around and realized I gave more time to Ben than I did to them.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/146555/file/270384#t=3238.0,3316.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/146555/file/270384/transcript/78787/annotation/183","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eFRANCO:\u003c/strong\u003e How old was Ben when he contracted polio?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/146555/file/270384#t=3316.0,3319.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/146555/file/270384/transcript/78787/annotation/184","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eCAVALIER:\u003c/strong\u003e Three years old.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/146555/file/270384#t=3319.0,3322.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/146555/file/270384/transcript/78787/annotation/185","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eFRANCO:\u003c/strong\u003e Can you describe your feelings at that time?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/146555/file/270384#t=3322.0,3326.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/146555/file/270384/transcript/78787/annotation/186","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eCAVALIER:\u003c/strong\u003e At the time it was Christmas and New Year's in 1948, and Ben had come down with a terrible cold, and Dr. Yampolsky was our doctor, and he put him in the hospital, and he said, \"He has pneumonia.\" The weather was bad the first of January, and he said I couldn't bring him home. I said, \"Dr. Yam, he does not have pneumonia or anything.\" I said, \"He cannot breathe, there's something wrong more than that.\" He says, \"Let me tell you, Helen,\" he says \"I can't go tapping a spine every time I've got a hysterical mother.\" I'm not a hysterical mother, but I've already been in between hospitals, and I'd already known a little bit, a little knowledge is dangerous. I just wanted to know what's wrong with him. Anyway, he said, \"Take him to my Miami where it's warm and let him get over the pneumonia.\" We had gotten down to Miami, and the first night we were down there he didn't feel good and the next day he didn't feel good, and that afternoon he just couldn't breathe. I had a brother that was living there at the time, and I called him from the hotel, and I said, \"Get over here fast. I am calling a taxi, and I am running to the hospital because Ben cannot breathe.\" In fact, I was laying on top of him and opened his mouth to try and get him to breathe until we got the taxi, and we got to Jackson Memorial Hospital, which was the only thing they saw immediately that there was something wrong, and they isolated us immediately. When we got a doctor, they didn't know too much about infantile paralysis but they said there was a doctor down there from up north that had lost a wife and he was grieving and all and he'd given up, but he knew all about polio and spinal meningitis and said, get him, I got him and he examined him, and only I could see out of the window watching him run a little brush over the body, and he wasn't breathing or anything. He immediately put him in the iron lung, and he came out and he said, \"There's no hope for him.\" He said that it's going up to . . . instead of going down to the legs, it was going up to the brain. That's how he was affected. He was paralyzed hips up, but it stopped at the brain. For three months, he was in an iron lung in Florida, and he said he'd be a total cripple. Sidney said, let him die at the time. I said, \"My God's not going to let him die. He's going to live, and he's going to be perfect.\" In fact, Sidney had called Rabbi Epstein, told him we'd be there in a few days, that Ben was on his deathbed. Meantime, Reva and Rabbi were coming to Miami in January. They came on down there, like they generally do, and they were with us every day there at the hospital. The doctor said he'd be a total cripple. I said, \"No, He won't be a total cripple.\" Being paralyzed hips up you have no limbs to put braces. With President [Franklin] Roosevelt, his was in the legs, and he could wear braces on his hips and walk. Of course, the worst is the upper extremities. This is all atrophy, all Ben's got is one little wrist, one little muscle in his left wrist. He does everything with that. He excels in driving a car, he excels at driving a boat. He even bowls. The doctors don't know how he does it. But of course it takes a lot out of him, and today he's got a bad back from doing all of that. At the time, when he . . . what was it, we wanted to do? He always wanted to drive a car, and Sidney got him all kinds of old cars, and he told him if he would get up and do his exercise, because the therapy was very, very painful for him, where we were pulling muscles. The doctor told me later that his shoulders would not hold up, he would be deformed. But he said he'd seen muscles come back after many years. No muscles came, but from therapy that Sally and I gave him for five years, stretching him and pulling him, it was a great help. The doctor said that parents and children give up because it's too painful. I said, \"Dr. Bennett, as long as I've got life in my body, I'll do therapy.\" Of course, he's come a long way. He's remarkable that he's as well as he is because his little arms and everything is all atrophied. Like I said before, it did affect the family, but we overcame that in time too, to accept it. He was kicked around growing up by girls and all, and it was hard for him. But I always try to teach him that regardless what happens, come out smiling, and if anyone should have any mental problems, it should be Ben instead of Jules. Ben has come a long way, considering what he's got. A success as far as business and as far as living and keeping a house and everything. I'm grateful, honey, I prayed and with my help and God's help we made something with him.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/146555/file/270384#t=3326.0,3631.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/146555/file/270384/transcript/78787/annotation/187","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eFRANCO:\u003c/strong\u003e You said that Sidney's emotional reaction . . .","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/146555/file/270384#t=3631.0,3635.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/146555/file/270384/transcript/78787/annotation/188","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eCAVALIER:\u003c/strong\u003e Yes. In fact, at the time, Ben was in the iron lung, and they called me from Chattanooga in February of 1949, and said my brother called and said my daddy was sick. I said, \"Look here honey, I'm a big girl.\" I said, \"You wouldn't call me down in Miami when Ben is in an iron lung, to tell me daddy is sick.\" I said, \"He's passed away.\" With all of that, Sidney cracked up and when we got back . . . there was no way of getting out of Miami. That was on a Saturday, they called me, and I think I had to get there that morning for a Sunday funeral. I said, \"I'll get to the airport, I'll get to Chattanooga.\" One of Joe [indistinct: 1:01:14] sisters lived in Miami, and she said, \"Go ahead, Helen, and I'll go every day and see Ben.\" Of course, we could only go and look out of the window. He was in isolation for three months. I went out to the airport, and I told someone I had a funeral in Chattanooga, and I got home, and I got Sidney home. Sidney went to bed. He just couldn't take it. He was in bad shape for just a short while. I stayed a few days in Chattanooga, then I went back to Miami.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/146555/file/270384#t=3635.0,3705.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/146555/file/270384/transcript/78787/annotation/189","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eFRANCO:\u003c/strong\u003e Let me clarify this, your father died?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/146555/file/270384#t=3705.0,3708.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/146555/file/270384/transcript/78787/annotation/190","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eCAVALIER:\u003c/strong\u003e Died while Ben . . .","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/146555/file/270384#t=3708.0,3709.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/146555/file/270384/transcript/78787/annotation/191","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eFRANCO:\u003c/strong\u003e While Ben was in the hospital?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/146555/file/270384#t=3709.0,3711.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/146555/file/270384/transcript/78787/annotation/192","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eCAVALIER:\u003c/strong\u003e Hospital, yes. In fact, he had called me a few weeks before and he said, \"I'm going to come and stay with you.\" We always had so much fun when he'd come here, and I'd taken him to Miami several times. I said, \"Papa, honey, Ben is so sick it's not a place right now. When he's better I'll bring you here.\" But Before I could bring him down to Miami, he had passed away. It was quite sudden, because he had a cerebral hemorrhage, it was one, two, three.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/146555/file/270384#t=3711.0,3735.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/146555/file/270384/transcript/78787/annotation/193","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eFRANCO:\u003c/strong\u003e Helen, how did you cope with all of these things in your life at this time?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/146555/file/270384#t=3735.0,3742.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/146555/file/270384/transcript/78787/annotation/194","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eCAVALIER:\u003c/strong\u003e I always said when people asked me today how I managed, and I said, \"I try, and God helps me. That's why I got so much faith in God.\" I always say every day I come to the synagogue, my troubles are a bit higher than the synagogue [indistinct: 1:","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/146555/file/270384#t=3742.0,3757.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/146555/file/270384/transcript/78787/annotation/195","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"] but I thank God for my blessings and hope it won't be any worse. I say I'm so rich, honey, that every day, I can get up and walk with bad legs, to see with one eye, and have the luxury of a car to come to synagogue, thank God. I'm a multi-millionaire in my own mind.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/146555/file/270384#t=3757.0,3775.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/146555/file/270384/transcript/78787/annotation/196","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eFRANCO:\u003c/strong\u003e Have you always felt that way?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/146555/file/270384#t=3775.0,3777.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/146555/file/270384/transcript/78787/annotation/197","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eCAVALIER:\u003c/strong\u003e I've always, and I thank my daddy for bringing me up with the synagogue life. I feel like because so many things have happened around here that are so unpleasant at the time that they were going, I left Rabbi Epstein going and Rabbi [David] Auerbach was going to be the head Rabbi, I don't know if he went through all those stages. I loved Rabbi Epstein, I loved Rabbi Auerbach, and I love our new rabbi. But it was all such . . . I have come here for the last six, seven years and I say I hate to go in, but I said I love that I'm going in. But it's been so much unpleasantness. There's all that transition of the changing of the rabbis and even Rabbi Epstein today is so unhappy here. He wasn't ready for retirement . . . that much brain of his you don't put to bed. I'm afraid I'm giving you too many personal things here.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/146555/file/270384#t=3777.0,3833.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/146555/file/270384/transcript/78787/annotation/198","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eFRANCO:\u003c/strong\u003e No, we're fine. I'd like to get back to Ben and continue on that, with such a traumatic period in all of your lives. You mentioned that Ben seemed to, as he grew up, cope better than Jules.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/146555/file/270384#t=3833.0,3847.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/146555/file/270384/transcript/78787/annotation/199","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eCAVALIER:\u003c/strong\u003e That's right, he did cope better than Jules.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/146555/file/270384#t=3847.0,3850.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/146555/file/270384/transcript/78787/annotation/200","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eFRANCO:\u003c/strong\u003e What effect did this have on his sister and brother?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/146555/file/270384#t=3850.0,3856.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/146555/file/270384/transcript/78787/annotation/201","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eCAVALIER:\u003c/strong\u003e Sally was so involved with me with . . . Ben that it didn't affect her as much as it did Jules. Jules couldn't stand if you were exercising Ben and bend forward, you pull the limbs, and it was an awful hard job for two women to even do. I'd go to Emory and, of course, I learned to . . . I took all these different courses, and I learned how to become a physical therapist and give him the exercise. In fact, when I'd take him to Emory three times a week, even after I was [indistinct: 1:04:50] they would check up and bring me out there for me to do it and see I was doing it all right. In between those times, my doctor was at Warm Springs. For years and years, I went to Warm Springs every two or three months, and every time I'd go there, the head nurse, that later married Mr. O'Connor, up there at the national headquarters of March of Dimes has passed away. They'd always say, \"What new tricks have you learned.\" I taught Ben how to put clothes on the back of a chair and slip his hands in, because he could stand up and walk. I made a little jacket to keep his limbs up where they would fall, and he wouldn't be deformed. It's been cataloged as the Ben Cavalier jacket. Every time I'd come there, they'd say, \"What new tricks have you got for us, Mr. Cavalier?\" I'd help them with the children down there and we would go down there for surgery on and off. Talking about Ben, it seemed like then, even for quite a few years, I would get a call from all over the country wanting to know . . . they'd find my name up at the national office in New York that I lived in Atlanta, Georgia, and they'd call me from any place in the world that I could get them into Warm Springs. Anyone that had a polio victim, they felt like Warm Springs could help them. They were looking for another doctor like I was. Of course, my doctor said, \"Mrs. Cavalier, you can go anywhere you want to with Ben, but you're not going to find anything more that you can do than you could do here.\" They would call me to get into Warm Springs. I think the only good thing about Warm Springs, they were all crippled, and each one calling each other crippled, they didn't mind it. It's just like you're living in your own Jewish state in Israel, being called a Jew. They didn't mind being called a cripple. But when you go to school and be called a cripple, that was different, without being at Warm Springs. They all wanted to go there, but they couldn't do any more for them than their own doctors, wherever they were, only that they'd all be there together, and they were all crippled and they were all handicapped. That was the only good that they could . . . benefit they could get down there, that they can enjoy a year, that there were schools and all there that they could have stayed [indistinct 1:07:06] Of course, they eventually had to go back. Ben adjusted pretty good considering that. In fact, his first experience was going one day to school, and I wanted him to be normal. I went to Ira Jarrell; you remember Ira Jarrell? I told her, I said, \"Now, our schools are crowded.\" At that time we were already on Tuxedo, and the two schools Howell Mill Road and Margaret Mitchell . . . I said, \"Let me go somewhere else where it's not such a crowded school where Ben can get a little more attention.\" She said, \"No, Mrs. Cavalier. It's our fault, not your fault and you stay there.\" I've later given extra tutoring, and the first experience that he had, one of the kids, Dr. Funk's . . . Dr. Funk today is . . . this is the Dr. Funk because it was a grandchild of the first Dr. Funk, and he kicked Ben and called him cripple on a bus. I made him feel normal. I'd take him to the bus line, and I'd make him ride the bus. Where I felt better if I'd taken him by car, believe me. But he kicked him, and Ben came home crying. I said, \"Look, honey, you can't hit him with your hand, but you got legs that are strong. If you don't go and beat them up with your legs, I'm going to beat you up.\" He soon learned the hard way. Then one day he said, \"Mother, I can't go to school today.\" I said, \"Why, honey?\" He said, \"It's pouring down rain.\" I said, \"Yes, it's raining, but you put on your raincoat.\" \"I can't go, Mother.\" I says, \"Yes, you can go. Why not?\" \"Don't you know I got polio?\" I said, \"Let's sit down and we'll explain. Don't ever say you got polio. Say you had polio.\" I was more worried about him going in the rain with that bad chest and all than he was, but I would never let him know it. He adjusted. It was hard, but with God's help we made it. He came a long way.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/146555/file/270384#t=3856.0,4135.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/146555/file/270384/transcript/78787/annotation/202","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eFRANCO:\u003c/strong\u003e You said that you invented a special jacket.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/146555/file/270384#t=4135.0,4141.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/146555/file/270384/transcript/78787/annotation/203","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eCAVALIER:\u003c/strong\u003e Jacket, yes.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/146555/file/270384#t=4141.0,4142.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/146555/file/270384/transcript/78787/annotation/204","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eFRANCO:\u003c/strong\u003e Called the Ben Cavalier jacket?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/146555/file/270384#t=4142.0,4143.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/146555/file/270384/transcript/78787/annotation/205","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eCAVALIER:\u003c/strong\u003e Yes. It had a little jacket over the arms and then the little loops that will hold him this way, where it would fall down this way. I was trying to build him up. Those things that held his fingers in place too. Later we made little splints and all. I'd go to the brace shop here and I'd play with them over there and then I'd go up to Warm Springs and show them in their brace shop what I had learned to do. Everything that I helped him out, that was additional love I added in there.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/146555/file/270384#t=4143.0,4171.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/146555/file/270384/transcript/78787/annotation/206","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eFRANCO:\u003c/strong\u003e The work that you did with March of Dimes I assume was a result of your own personal involvement with your son.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/146555/file/270384#t=4171.0,4178.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/146555/file/270384/transcript/78787/annotation/207","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eCAVALIER:\u003c/strong\u003e I was like anyone else, once a year when they'd call on me, I'd give them my $25 or $50 check, and I didn't know really what March of Dimes really meant because Roosevelt said a dime from every person living. When I got to Miami, I found out from the March of dimes what it was. They called me one day in the office, and they said, \"Mrs. Cavalier,\" they said, \"Can you take care of your expense?\" I said surely, and in an iron lung . . . [interview pauses, then resumes]","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/146555/file/270384#t=4178.0,4212.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/146555/file/270384/transcript/78787/annotation/208","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eFRANCO:\u003c/strong\u003e This is Jody Franco interviewing Helen Cavalier for the William E. Weiner's Oral History Library's Jewish Women of Achievement Project, co-sponsored by the National Council of Jewish Women and the American Jewish Committee. It is Tuesday, December 17, 1985, at 8:40 in the morning at the Ahavath Achim Synagogue in Fishman Conference Room. This is tape two, side one. Helen, at the end of the last tape, you were mentioning your involvement with the March of Dimes, and you spent a great deal of time talking about Ben, your third child, who was stricken with polio. Just sort of recapping and reviewing some of the things that you said, and about numerous people who called you from all over the world about your involvement, and also your having invented a special jacket for him that's now known as the Ben Cavalier jacket. Describe in greater detail your involvement with the March of Dimes and with other non-Jewish philanthropic organizations.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/146555/file/270384#t=4212.0,4288.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/146555/file/270384/transcript/78787/annotation/209","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eCAVALIER:\u003c/strong\u003e As far as the Marching Dimes, when I got involved, not only was it fundraising, but it was to visit and every polio victim that I heard about. In fact, I would even go down to the country. I was fortunate enough to know what to do and who to go to get my child in the proper school. I talked to Ira Jarrell at that time, who was superintendent of the schools of Atlanta. The people in the country did not know what to do, and they were treating their children or parents if it was an elderly person as a hermit. I would try to get them some sort of education and take up the type of equipment they needed to make themselves feel like they were living a life. In fact, there was one woman down in Douglasville, Georgia, that was completely paralyzed, and we made a conveyor on her bed that would lift her out of the bed, put her into the wheelchair, and fixed her house where it was wide walls to roll to the kitchen, where she could go and cook and get her children off school. Many types of polio, this victim, we did many of them all over the state of Georgia. There came a time where we couldn't reach out after so many years and working with so many vaccines and as soon as the vaccine came to help the children everyone was hollering that polio is over. The fundraising went down, we didn't have the money, but we still had to take care of our 86,000 victims in the state of Georgia regardless, who were stricken. Thank God, I was fortunate enough to pay the expenses of my own child, but these other parents and families could not. We still had to take care of them, and they still needed money. I continued to try to raise funds and tell them that there's still cases. It takes a lot of money to work on, but the money didn't come in prior to the vaccine, [Jonas] Salk's vaccine. I could almost get jewelry, cars, anything in the world, if I could assure parents that their child wouldn't be afflicted. After it was over, the money didn't come in so freely. We had to establish a new form of raising, and of course it turned more or less to birth defects, which we've worked on that for years and we've come a long way and we've taken on arthritis patients. But in the meantime, our beautiful place as Warm Springs was closed up. We couldn't manage to function there. That's where all the people or patients, really wanted to go to get treatment. But we managed somehow to take care of them. Of course, we still got a lot of parents and a lot children over the country that were stricken and still are paralyzed, but we've helped them enough to maneuver in the later years a little bit to get around.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/146555/file/270384#t=4288.0,4469.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/146555/file/270384/transcript/78787/annotation/210","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eFRANCO:\u003c/strong\u003e Did you spearhead the fundraising for the March of Dimes here in Atlanta?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/146555/file/270384#t=4469.0,4473.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/146555/file/270384/transcript/78787/annotation/211","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eCAVALIER:\u003c/strong\u003e I spearheaded the March of Dimes, but I didn't take the Mother's March, that came in later years. They started it out in Texas first, and it was quite a success. I was going out for company funds, when I turned it over a few years, I was getting in $50,000 to $75,000 a year from companies, and then the men got involved, and they thought they could go out and do a better job. Many of the companies didn't solicit in a proper way and they lost quite a bit from the big companies, but of course the last few years they have realized the mistake and have gone back and have solicited from the companies. But I would go to, for instance, the Atlanta Paper Company with the Harris's at that time, and they would take up so much from their employees and then they would match the same amount. Selig Chemical, all the large companies in Atlanta, never knew what it was to really solicit on the March of Dimes. Individuals knew but then they started . . . every company started a fund of their own . . . what do you call that fund? Anyway, we got quite a bit from the companies, and then of course the owner himself would match it.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/146555/file/270384#t=4473.0,4546.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/146555/file/270384/transcript/78787/annotation/212","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eFRANCO:\u003c/strong\u003e You did this all as a volunteer?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/146555/file/270384#t=4546.0,4547.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/146555/file/270384/transcript/78787/annotation/213","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eCAVALIER:\u003c/strong\u003e All as a volunteer.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/146555/file/270384#t=4547.0,4549.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/146555/file/270384/transcript/78787/annotation/214","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eFRANCO:\u003c/strong\u003e Were you one of the few Jewish women involved in this at this time?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/146555/file/270384#t=4549.0,4552.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/146555/file/270384/transcript/78787/annotation/215","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eCAVALIER:\u003c/strong\u003e At the time, I was one of the few Jewish women and few Jewish men. At that time, I got Ben Massell interested in it, and I got Louis . . . I can't think of it. I got a few of the Jewish people on the board, and the last 10 or 15 years, one time little Joe Gerson, he got involved. Within the last five years, Gail Solomon has been most outstanding. She took up the March of Dimes, and we have a few other Jewish people that are more or less involved today. We've got a young steward Karen Warsaw [sp] today that's very involved with them. I've given . . . passed pamphlets and passed letters that I used to write out, and then later when I couldn't do it, I turned it over to my daughter Sally, which she carried it on for quite a few years.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/146555/file/270384#t=4552.0,4606.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/146555/file/270384/transcript/78787/annotation/216","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eFRANCO:\u003c/strong\u003e It's interesting that you bring up Sally and passing on this concept of helping to children. In the first tape, you mentioned that your father and your mother did that with you.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/146555/file/270384#t=4606.0,4618.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/146555/file/270384/transcript/78787/annotation/217","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eCAVALIER:\u003c/strong\u003e That's right.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/146555/file/270384#t=4618.0,4619.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/146555/file/270384/transcript/78787/annotation/218","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eFRANCO:\u003c/strong\u003e Is this something that . . . these kinds of values and these kinds actions of tzedakah, is this something that you consciously pass on to your children?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/146555/file/270384#t=4619.0,4630.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/146555/file/270384/transcript/78787/annotation/219","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eCAVALIER:\u003c/strong\u003e Exactly, pass it right on to the children and I believe they would . . . my children know exactly. They would like to do more, but they say that I'm too strong for them to compete with, but it's not so. Our youngsters can take it over much better.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/146555/file/270384#t=4630.0,4646.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/146555/file/270384/transcript/78787/annotation/220","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eFRANCO:\u003c/strong\u003e You mentioned Reach to Recovery a little bit ago. Can you talk a little about what that is and what your involvement in it is?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/146555/file/270384#t=4646.0,4655.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/146555/file/270384/transcript/78787/annotation/221","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eCAVALIER:\u003c/strong\u003e Reach to Recovery, when I was operated on 35 years ago and it was quite a shock to me to wake up and find out that I had had a complete radical. Because prior to that, the doctor had said he didn't think anything was wrong. He had put me off quite a few months when they discovered it, that I had a lump in the breast, and he told me at the time, the night before the surgery, if anything was wrong, I signed a release that he would go on and operate but he assured me there was nothing wrong. But after about 12 hours and two days for me to come through, I found out that I had had a complete radical. I said, \"This is not quite right. Someone really must prepare someone the right way for what's going to happen.\" After I got well, and of course, the doctor gave me a short time to live, but I said I had too much to do. I said that I want to do something for the people that have to go in for such an operation. The doctor said, \"Wonderful, Ms. Cavalier. Will you go call on every patient?\" I says, \"I'll be happy to.\" That's been, as I say, beginning over 35 years ago. Then another doctor found out what I was doing, and he asked me would I help him. I said I'd be glad to. The last ten years or 12 years, Cancer Society has come up with the program Reach to Recovery. It's practically exactly what I used to do, but they're organized, and they've got many, many women that have had partial radicals and they enlist them to do the work. Every time we hear of a patient that had a radical, we are called to go to a hospital to see them. It happens to be that I have two hospitals that I contact and that is Piedmont and West Paces. I see every patient. In fact, yesterday I had just called on one patient and it's very surprising to know when you go in all dressed up and they look at you and when you walk in, they look like they're all warmed over death and before you leave, they have built up your morale more than you have built up theirs. They are laughing and they're talking, and they feel like they can get out. \"Mrs. Cavalier, how long before I can get out and do what you're doing?\" They're very, very grateful, and they ask can they call me. They may call me any hours of the day. In fact, I think I've said in the other tape of all the volunteer work that I do, this is really very rewarding because when you walk into a hospital and they see that you're Reach to Recovery, you're acknowledged as if you're a nurse or a doctor there. They're very courteous and kind to you. It's a pleasure to go and call on these. In the meantime, a few years ago, they came up with the City of Hope out in California. It took first of all only cancer patients, and we established a group in Atlanta, and they would take any patient if they could help, but if it was a terminal case, they would not accept it. It happened to be that my kid sister was a terminal case and when I called to see if she could go there, they said, \"No, there's nothing we can do.\" Then in Atlanta Georgia, I said, I must get someone there to be able to raise more money in Atlanta. There was one family that I got there that they helped quite a bit. But of course the patient was a terminal case, and the patient eventually passed away.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/146555/file/270384#t=4655.0,4864.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/146555/file/270384/transcript/78787/annotation/222","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eFRANCO:\u003c/strong\u003e Where was the City of Hope hospital located?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/146555/file/270384#t=4864.0,4867.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/146555/file/270384/transcript/78787/annotation/223","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eCAVALIER:\u003c/strong\u003e Located in . . . I'll just leave that blank.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/146555/file/270384#t=4867.0,4872.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/146555/file/270384/transcript/78787/annotation/224","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eFRANCO:\u003c/strong\u003e You were instrumental in starting a chapter here in Atlanta?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/146555/file/270384#t=4872.0,4878.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/146555/file/270384/transcript/78787/annotation/225","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eCAVALIER:\u003c/strong\u003e The first chapter that we started was here in Atlanta. I was a life member. I wasn't instrumental, but there were quite a few that got together. The first year that they had organized, they honored me. In that way, I went out for all fundraising. Of course we raised quite a bit from the chapter of Atlanta. In the years that followed, we always honored some. We gave quite a sections there opened up . . . in fact, when a parent would go out there with a child, we had condominiums, like a hotel room for the parents to stay while they were treating the child. We've got many of the places and names of different ones from Atlanta.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/146555/file/270384#t=4878.0,4923.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/146555/file/270384/transcript/78787/annotation/226","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eFRANCO:\u003c/strong\u003e You said you were honored by to City of Hope.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/146555/file/270384#t=4923.0,4926.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/146555/file/270384/transcript/78787/annotation/227","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eCAVALIER:\u003c/strong\u003e Yes.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/146555/file/270384#t=4926.0,4927.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/146555/file/270384/transcript/78787/annotation/228","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eFRANCO:\u003c/strong\u003e What year was that?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/146555/file/270384#t=4927.0,4928.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/146555/file/270384/transcript/78787/annotation/229","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eCAVALIER:\u003c/strong\u003e 1964.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/146555/file/270384#t=4928.0,4930.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/146555/file/270384/transcript/78787/annotation/230","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eFRANCO:\u003c/strong\u003e Was that unusual for a woman to be honored?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/146555/file/270384#t=4930.0,4934.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/146555/file/270384/transcript/78787/annotation/231","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eCAVALIER:\u003c/strong\u003e At that time, it was unusual because up until that time there were only men in most organizations that were honored. They just felt like that we had to have some way of raising money and as long as I was already a cancer victim and had already done so much for cancer that they felt like it would help to fund the money, so gratefully I accepted, and we raised quite a bit at that time.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/146555/file/270384#t=4934.0,4959.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/146555/file/270384/transcript/78787/annotation/232","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eFRANCO:\u003c/strong\u003e Do you recall how much you raised from that dinner?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/146555/file/270384#t=4959.0,4962.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/146555/file/270384/transcript/78787/annotation/233","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eCAVALIER:\u003c/strong\u003e At this time, I do not. At least we got enough where we got off the ground with the City of Hope, where we were just a baby and hadn't walked yet. At least we got walking and we made ourselves known.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/146555/file/270384#t=4962.0,4977.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/146555/file/270384/transcript/78787/annotation/234","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eFRANCO:\u003c/strong\u003e To continue on with this involvement in the non-Jewish philanthropic sphere, you mentioned Reach to Recovery and the City of Hope, which was Jewish.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/146555/file/270384#t=4977.0,4989.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/146555/file/270384/transcript/78787/annotation/235","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eCAVALIER:\u003c/strong\u003e That's right.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/146555/file/270384#t=4989.0,4990.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/146555/file/270384/transcript/78787/annotation/236","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eFRANCO:\u003c/strong\u003e Were there any other non-Jewish organizations, aside from the March of Dimes and Reach to Recovery, that you devoted time to?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/146555/file/270384#t=4990.0,4997.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/146555/file/270384/transcript/78787/annotation/237","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eCAVALIER:\u003c/strong\u003e No.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/146555/file/270384#t=4997.0,4998.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/146555/file/270384/transcript/78787/annotation/238","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eFRANCO:\u003c/strong\u003e Like Red Cross or other kinds of organizations like that?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/146555/file/270384#t=4998.0,5001.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/146555/file/270384/transcript/78787/annotation/239","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eCAVALIER:\u003c/strong\u003e I got involved in Red Cross, like I think I mentioned earlier, too, that I always wanted to nurse or dance. I took up . . . went into the Red Cross in 1941 when the nurses and doctors were going off to war, and I took a Red Cross nurse, and I went out to Emory, and I gave eight hours a day as a nurse. In fact, I built up, as a nurse's aide 7,000 hours. Whenever they'd call on me, I would fill in later, but I didn't go constantly after the war was over and the nurses and doctors came back, we didn't do as much. But whenever they needed me, I could always fill in, and I've always gone into other hospitals. Of course, most of it is our Jewish Home where I spent many years there, nursing seven days a week or on the floor doing whatever I could.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/146555/file/270384#t=5001.0,5054.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/146555/file/270384/transcript/78787/annotation/240","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eFRANCO:\u003c/strong\u003e Were there any other awards that you have received over the years aside from the City of Hope Award that stand out particularly in your mind?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/146555/file/270384#t=5054.0,5063.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/146555/file/270384/transcript/78787/annotation/241","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eCAVALIER:\u003c/strong\u003e The Myrtle Wreath for Hadassah.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/146555/file/270384#t=5063.0,5065.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/146555/file/270384/transcript/78787/annotation/242","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eFRANCO:\u003c/strong\u003e When was that?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/146555/file/270384#t=5065.0,5066.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/146555/file/270384/transcript/78787/annotation/243","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eCAVALIER:\u003c/strong\u003e The Myrtle Wreath for Hadassah, I don't remember exactly when I received that. Another award for the Jewish National Fund. That was the last year that I wouldn't accept it as being an honoree, but they still gave me a plaque. That was at the later years, and they waited just for the entertainment. Of course I received from the Israel Bonds, I've been honored, and that was 1972. I was honored by Israel Bonds and, of course, I've be honored by Sisterhood which is a beautiful bowl, and I had that honor, I believe it was in 1957. Many, many times by the synagogue. In fact, yearly I get certificates for the work that I do here but that goes with just the daily routine.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/146555/file/270384#t=5066.0,5119.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/146555/file/270384/transcript/78787/annotation/244","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eFRANCO:\u003c/strong\u003e The Myrtle Wreath Award for Hadassah, were you honored along with anyone else?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/146555/file/270384#t=5119.0,5125.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/146555/file/270384/transcript/78787/annotation/245","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eCAVALIER:\u003c/strong\u003e I was honored with two other great people that I love, Noah Langdale from Georgia State at that time and Nathan Lipson. We were all three honored at the same time. It was a beautiful day and beautiful people to be with.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/146555/file/270384#t=5125.0,5141.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/146555/file/270384/transcript/78787/annotation/246","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eFRANCO:\u003c/strong\u003e You mentioned that you did not want to be honored anymore. Is that a personal feeling on your part or . . . ?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/146555/file/270384#t=5141.0,5151.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/146555/file/270384/transcript/78787/annotation/247","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eCAVALIER:\u003c/strong\u003e I have so many people, you go to dinners and all these organizations, and you hear . . . there's two I refuse to even mention who I refuse, in fact, those that I refuse from, I will not tell you because it gets back to the people that they had to get as a second honoree, and it isn't fair to them. I just feel like after so many times, four and five times the name of a person, other people don't want to hear it. I say the Helen Cavalier name has been advertised enough and regardless, even the dinners that I do, they'll always thank me, and that name Cavalier, if I'm tired of hearing it, others may be tired of hearing it. I refuse completely to be honored, and I ask people . . . I will help you, but please don't mention my name.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/146555/file/270384#t=5151.0,5198.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/146555/file/270384/transcript/78787/annotation/248","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eFRANCO:\u003c/strong\u003e You've sort of woven a thread throughout the first tape and this one as well in mentioning your involvement in the synagogue, I sort of waited until this moment to talk about the synagogue because in fact we're sitting in synagogue right now. I wonder if we could spend some time talking about your involvement here.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/146555/file/270384#t=5198.0,5218.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/146555/file/270384/transcript/78787/annotation/249","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eCAVALIER:\u003c/strong\u003e What started me in synagogue, like I said before, I felt like I was indebted to dear God, that I was still given the time to live and do things. At that time, children and elderly people were my main concern. Of course, right now, elderly people, I'm at that stage, so I don't do too much for them, but I started here. Also, as soon as I got well, close to 35 years ago, that we started Minyanaires. Minyanaires is when a child a year before he's bar mitzvahed comes with his father and learns how to put on tefillin and daven. When I came to the first meeting and I saw fathers and sons walk in together, I said . . . I didn't tell people, but I felt like I wasn't well, but if a father and son could come in and daven together, Judaism will be here after I'm gone and that's my main object, is continuing it because we fall out in so many places. From Minyanaires, I got involved with that for all these years that I said if even if I have only one child a year that stays in Minyanaires and gets active in the synagogue and gets to USY [United Synagogue Youth], Kadima and USY, goes off to college and on Hillel. I figured we've got one child out of a hundred to stand up and perpetuate our Judaism here on. I've continued that over the years. In between that time, they started day school. The first day school was Hebrew Academy. When Dr. [Irving] Greenberg called me to help him, I says, \"Anything for children.\" Again, I was one of the youngsters that the older people could start organizing. Whatever Dr. Greenberg wanted me to do, I did, and even fundraising for that. Later, a second day school was organized here at our synagogue. When I went out to try to raise money, people said, \"Helen we've got a day school, why a second one? We don't need it.\" I said, \"You are so right, we don't need a second one, we need nine more. We need more children to come into a day school and to perpetuate yours and my Judaism from here on out.\" Then I got involved with the Epstein School. In the years that we've been here . . . I think it started in 1971 or 1972 also . . . that I've been active for fundraising and to see that our school could get more children and families involved if they can afford it to send their children. Many parents that did send their children, and I would solicit them if they would be a founder or other money, they insisted, \"I can't do it, Helen. I've got a child there. I'm paying tuition.\" I said, \"That's exactly why we have to be out on the street for fundraising. Any school of this type, any college, cannot fund their self on students. Everyone must have an endowment of some sort. If your child is here, we must go out with the caliber of our teachers and raise more money to see that our school every year is bigger and stronger.\" In other words, in Hebrew we say \"yasher koach [Hebrew: may your strength be enriched/strong],\" from strength to strength. We continue to hope that we'll have more day schools in order to continue Judaism and that our Jewish population won't fall off so badly in years to come.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/146555/file/270384#t=5218.0,5424.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/146555/file/270384/transcript/78787/annotation/250","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eFRANCO:\u003c/strong\u003e We're meeting here very early in the morning, and I know it's because you told me, and I know that you are here for morning minyan every morning. How do you feel about that? When did you start to do that?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/146555/file/270384#t=5424.0,5440.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/146555/file/270384/transcript/78787/annotation/251","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eCAVALIER:\u003c/strong\u003e I come into the synagogue by around six o'clock and I'll put on coffee and make juice and hot Danish for the minyan. Minyans lacked attendance years back. They'd have to go out and look for ten men that needed to have a minyan on account of families that had passed away. They'd come every day for 11 months to say Kaddish. The minyans were falling off badly. I figured if we had some way of getting people interested to come, not that they come for the coffee, but for at least a few hours to get together with men and forget their own troubles. Just like this morning, we had a family. of at least 15 people that came for a person that they buried yesterday, Seymour Cristal. Of course, the first time they come into the synagogue after a funeral, they feel like they're set up . . . it looks like a party, but it isn't a party. We try to get them up there and partake of a little juice and a cup of coffee and a little Danish, because they go back to that house of mourning and just for a few minutes to forget themselves. We call it a good fellowship hour. That's why I found out it was very important to have a coffee stand every morning, they call it Helen's concession . . . that we can start off and we'll get the people to come. The same thing in the minyan, in the evening, not that we serve, but in the evening when they have a yahrzeit, we call out the yahrzeit's name so they will come and say Kaddish in order to have 10 or more to make up the minyan for the others that must come over the 11 months to say Kaddish.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/146555/file/270384#t=5440.0,5539.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/146555/file/270384/transcript/78787/annotation/252","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eFRANCO:\u003c/strong\u003e From what you're saying, it's obvious that you get an awful lot from being here.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/146555/file/270384#t=5539.0,5543.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/146555/file/270384/transcript/78787/annotation/253","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eCAVALIER:\u003c/strong\u003e I gain more than I give. I always said from someone's misfortune, someone's good fortune come out, but I need a synagogue. When I come here, they enjoy it, and I double enjoy, and I get more out than I put in.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/146555/file/270384#t=5543.0,5559.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/146555/file/270384/transcript/78787/annotation/254","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eFRANCO:\u003c/strong\u003e Who's going to pick up where you're leaving off one day when Helen's concession is not here? Who's going to replace you?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/146555/file/270384#t=5559.0,5568.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/146555/file/270384/transcript/78787/annotation/255","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eCAVALIER:\u003c/strong\u003e It's awfully hard. Fortunately, I've had one person that's come in to help me occasionally and on Sunday also, and that's Jackie Pazol. They can't take too many early mornings. They can do it a few mornings a week, but constantly six days a week is a little bit too much. In fact, I'm looking for someone right now because in January, when I leave for Israel, and Jackie Pazol is gone, I'm lost, but I've got a couple that promised, but I've got to follow through. If not, maybe the tape would be right.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/146555/file/270384#t=5568.0,5603.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/146555/file/270384/transcript/78787/annotation/256","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eFRANCO:\u003c/strong\u003e I want to talk about Israel, but I want to continue talking a little bit about the synagogue because it is such an important part of your life, and it has been all of your live. You mentioned in the first part of the tape that when you came to Atlanta, your initial affiliation with this synagogue, the Ahavath Achim Synagogue, and that Rabbi Epstein, Rabbi Harry H. Epstein was the rabbi. Can you describe the AA synagogue some 30 years ago, 40 years ago, and describe the changes?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/146555/file/270384#t=5603.0,5632.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/146555/file/270384/transcript/78787/annotation/257","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eCAVALIER:\u003c/strong\u003e I have to go back to the 50 years, because when I came here, it was just like my synagogue at home, where the women were upstairs, the men downstairs. Like I told you earlier in the tape, it was Orthodox. Later they changed to traditional, then we start coming downstairs, but the synagogue was identical as far as the chazzan. The chazzan had a separate little bimah in the middle of the synagogue. That's where the chazzan stayed, only the rabbi was on the bimah. That was the same type, it looked exactly, and the services were identical. One thing that today we have a hard time, if we've got any elders in the synagogue, that the days that they'd say Yizkor, the parents would always see that the children left the synagogue. We started out in Atlanta the same way, and even today, the rabbi has to ask them to please stay in, that they don't have to leave, that if they don't want to say Kaddish, they don't have to. But on Yizkor service, you start seeing people get up and leave, they were trained that they have no business, but it's nothing . . . the prayer itself, it's nothing to do with death, it's just praise to God. Anyone at any time can say a Kaddish, even if you're praying for the six million Jews that we lost. You can pray for most anyone so there's no reason at all . . . but the synagogue was identical as far as it was still Orthodox. Over the years, they're still trying to change a little bit, some still have a feeling that they must leave the synagogue, but they try to tell them not to.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/146555/file/270384#t=5632.0,5736.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/146555/file/270384/transcript/78787/annotation/258","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eFRANCO:\u003c/strong\u003e What was your relationship with Rabbi Epstein?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/146555/file/270384#t=5736.0,5740.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/146555/file/270384/transcript/78787/annotation/259","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eCAVALIER:\u003c/strong\u003e Rabbi Epstein and Reva, we became very, very close over the years. I'd come in 1930, he came in 1927, and then he went back and married Reba in 1928. Being almost of close ages, we were very, very close. In fact, we were so close, there were ten couples when Rabbi Epstein's daughters got married, that the ten couples gave the night before dinner and we . . . even the first time we had to do it at our old synagogue on Washington Street. The second marriage was already years later that we at the kashrut kitchen at the Mayfair Club where we could help them and put on the dinner. The relationship . . . to this day we're very, very close. In fact, Rabbi claims we're the Atlanta families and after the two daughter married, there's so many of the Atlanta families and we're as close to Reva and Rabbi, I believe, as anyone in Atlanta.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/146555/file/270384#t=5740.0,5798.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/146555/file/270384/transcript/78787/annotation/260","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eFRANCO:\u003c/strong\u003e Could you talk about what impact Rabbi Epstein had on this community?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/146555/file/270384#t=5798.0,5803.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/146555/file/270384/transcript/78787/annotation/261","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eCAVALIER:\u003c/strong\u003e Rabbi Epstein had the greatest impact on this community of any rabbi, and he's most outstanding today. In fact, the rabbi should not even be retired because his brain should never be put to sleep. He's got a fabulous brain, and he should be carried on, and we're . . . what was I saying?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/146555/file/270384#t=5803.0,5826.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/146555/file/270384/transcript/78787/annotation/262","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eFRANCO:\u003c/strong\u003e Expand a little bit on the kind of impact that he did have on perhaps the synagogue community and the general community.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/146555/file/270384#t=5826.0,5835.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/146555/file/270384/transcript/78787/annotation/263","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eCAVALIER:\u003c/strong\u003e The synagogue and the general community, he was most outstanding. Whenever he represented you and spoke in behalf of the synagogue, he made the synagogue. In fact, the synagogue we're sitting in right now, we owe to Rabbi Epstein, this edifice that he put on and he built up is . . . it will always be remembered as the Harry H. Epstein and Reva Epstein synagogue. In fact, the synagogue has been dedicated in his name and that's the reason even our day school, he started that more or less from his impact, and that is why it's named the Harry H. Epstein school.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/146555/file/270384#t=5835.0,5876.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/146555/file/270384/transcript/78787/annotation/264","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eFRANCO:\u003c/strong\u003e He is no longer the rabbi here . . .","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/146555/file/270384#t=5876.0,5878.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/146555/file/270384/transcript/78787/annotation/265","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eCAVALIER:\u003c/strong\u003e No.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/146555/file/270384#t=5878.0,5879.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/146555/file/270384/transcript/78787/annotation/266","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eFRANCO:\u003c/strong\u003e . . . at the AA Synagogue?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/146555/file/270384#t=5879.0,5881.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/146555/file/270384/transcript/78787/annotation/267","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eCAVALIER:\u003c/strong\u003e He's the emeritus, but he's here every day regardless. He's one that has over the years has come every morning and when he's in town he comes every morning. It seems like the new way of rabbis, they'll come two or three times a week but they're not here every morning. But Rabbi Epstein is still here every morning. It's just a pleasure to see him and have him here with us. I'm sure we'll have him for many, many more years. Whenever he speaks . . . [interview pauses, then resumes]","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/146555/file/270384#t=5881.0,5911.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/146555/file/270384/transcript/78787/annotation/268","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eFRANCO:\u003c/strong\u003e We were interrupted by a knock on the door.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/146555/file/270384#t=5911.0,5915.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/146555/file/270384/transcript/78787/annotation/269","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eCAVALIER:\u003c/strong\u003e Is it back on tape?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/146555/file/270384#t=5915.0,5916.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/146555/file/270384/transcript/78787/annotation/270","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eFRANCO:\u003c/strong\u003e Yes, is there anything else that you wanted to add about Rabbi Epstein and Reva?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/146555/file/270384#t=5916.0,5920.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/146555/file/270384/transcript/78787/annotation/271","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eCAVALIER:\u003c/strong\u003e Rabbi Epstein is still called by many families to officiate at a wedding and unfortunately to officiate at a funeral. They're that close to him, so there's many, many, many families that are still very close to Rabbi Epstein and look up to him regardless, even though they say that whatever happens in the synagogue, call Rabbi [Arnold] Goodman, some families still get in touch with Rabbi Epstein.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/146555/file/270384#t=5920.0,5946.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/146555/file/270384/transcript/78787/annotation/272","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eFRANCO:\u003c/strong\u003e I imagine that you experienced certain periods of conflict over the course of the years that you've been here at the AA. Is there anything that stands out in your mind that would be historically important as far as understanding the Ahavath Achim Synagogue.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/146555/file/270384#t=5946.0,5967.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/146555/file/270384/transcript/78787/annotation/273","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eCAVALIER:\u003c/strong\u003e The things that I would say are really, I believe, are unpleasant to speak of, at the time of the changing of the rabbis, and at one time, letting the rabbi go that didn't want to go. The same thing, Rabbi Epstein being retired when he really wasn't ready to be retired. It was very unpleasant and when Rabbi Epstein was hurt, I was hurt. It made it awfully hard to accept any new change in the synagogue. But of course, I know that times have to change everything. In the last two years, I did have to accept it and change with it and know that we still love Rabbi Epstein, who's here but going right along with the new Rabbi, Rabbi Arnold Goodman. The changes he's made to accept it and to work with him. In fact, at the time, Rabbi Epstein says, \"Helen, you and I put the synagogue here together. We saw it grow together. We don't want it to go down, so let's work it out the best we can.\"","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/146555/file/270384#t=5967.0,6026.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/146555/file/270384/transcript/78787/annotation/274","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eFRANCO:\u003c/strong\u003e You mentioned that you were leaving for Israel next month. What part has Israel played in your life?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/146555/file/270384#t=6026.0,6032.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/146555/file/270384/transcript/78787/annotation/275","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eCAVALIER:\u003c/strong\u003e Israel has played a very large . . . because growing up, in our library, all I could see was big frames of pictures that said Jewish National Fund. In fact, Jewish National Fund goes back to [indistinct: 1:40:47] days, these large certificates they got, and they were all over the wall. The first thing, Israel was represented by Jewish National Fund. Then later, of course, when we kept hearing about Israel and all the war-torn countries, and people were being taken to Israel. It was a fatherland for them, where they could feel safe being among their own Jews. It meant so much to all of us. There were such times that it was so dangerous that we could take Jews to Israel, but we got there, we built them up, we put on kibbutzes. We saw that money got there that we could help them out. Fortunately, I'm headed for my third trip. The first trip I made in 1961. The second one I waited ten years later, was 1971, after the 1967 war and I could see the changes and our partial lands back, given back to us. It's hard to describe Israel when anyone goes there even today. When I come back, \"What can you tell us?\" Can't tell us nothing. When we get to Israel, we jump off a plane and we kiss the ground, and we thank God that we made it and all we hope it'll continue for many years. The only thing that we do pray every day that the wars would stop, and the people could stop losing dear ones and be safer and feel freer there than they are today.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/146555/file/270384#t=6032.0,6136.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/146555/file/270384/transcript/78787/annotation/276","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eFRANCO:\u003c/strong\u003e How is it that you're going to Israel now in 1986?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/146555/file/270384#t=6136.0,6141.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/146555/file/270384/transcript/78787/annotation/277","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eCAVALIER:\u003c/strong\u003e 1986, I'm going a nice February, unbeknownst to me, the Federation and the Jewish community honored me with a letter saying they were planting a garden in Yehud in the name of Helen's Garden. I couldn't help myself but accept it because it came through a letter and the following week in the Southern Israelite. They didn't tell me a thing about it. The only thing, when Atlanta had accepted Yehud as their twin city, I went all out raising money and we used to walk for Yehud. I raised money by walking and getting other sponsors over the years to give additional money for Yehud. It was very kind of them, the little that I did, to think they should honor me and put up a garden named Helen's Garden. They tell me in January it's going to be dedicated, so of course I'm on my way to Israel.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/146555/file/270384#t=6141.0,6196.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/146555/file/270384/transcript/78787/annotation/278","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eFRANCO:\u003c/strong\u003e How much money did you raise for Yehud?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/146555/file/270384#t=6196.0,6198.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/146555/file/270384/transcript/78787/annotation/279","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eCAVALIER:\u003c/strong\u003e Two years ago, I raised $5,500. Prior to that, I didn't raise that much. This past year, I don't know how much came in when it was mentioned from the daily minyan quite a bit of money. They've never given me the complete list, but just the last couple of months I picked up names. I asked them for the names that had given, and I picked them names that haven't given, not in the large category of giver, and through small checks I had just turned in $3,600 the last couple of months, just from small individuals.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/146555/file/270384#t=6198.0,6237.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/146555/file/270384/transcript/78787/annotation/280","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eFRANCO:\u003c/strong\u003e How is it that you became interested in Yehud, this little city outside of Tel Aviv in Israel?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/146555/file/270384#t=6237.0,6244.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/146555/file/270384/transcript/78787/annotation/281","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eCAVALIER:\u003c/strong\u003e The reason that I did, many years ago when I worked for Federation and after the young leadership came in and took over, I felt like I had to find a new project. I went to the same thing that I felt I was helping out Israel, to Bonds, Israel Bonds. I got active and I helped them out every year. Then I said, I must still do something else for Israel. When they started with Yehud, I said, that's my project now. If I can raise money for Yehud, for our twin city, that's what I want to do. Even I started . . . they started off with just a small walking with just signing up for a few cents here and a few cents there, but I said, \"We've got to do better than that.\" I got interested and I said, \"Let me help out the little city, as long as it's a twin city to Atlanta,\" and I feel like I'm back helping out, along with the bonds. I'm helping out something for Israel that I got off of fundraising in the higher categories many years ago.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/146555/file/270384#t=6244.0,6307.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/146555/file/270384/transcript/78787/annotation/282","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eFRANCO:\u003c/strong\u003e You've been so involved in both the Jewish and the non-Jewish community, have you ever experienced antisemitism at any time in your life?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/146555/file/270384#t=6307.0,6315.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/146555/file/270384/transcript/78787/annotation/283","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eCAVALIER:\u003c/strong\u003e Not specially. Now, I did fail to tell you though, that over the years, regardless, be it the March of Dimes, or the Heart . . . or any foundation that we have locally, the Red Cross, they always called me, regardless where I live, and I still am doing the March of Dime in my section where I live, and the Heart Fund. They can't find anyone, and I have others that I finally have dropped because the only time, not that I think they're antisemitic, but I think my neighbors get tired of seeing me knock on their doors asking for money. I said, \"Please,\" I give them other neighbors and I get people encouraged to do it. They'll see a new face and they'll give. In fact, at this stage in my age, all I try to do is get others involved in what I've been doing.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/146555/file/270384#t=6315.0,6368.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/146555/file/270384/transcript/78787/annotation/284","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eFRANCO:\u003c/strong\u003e Your life has certainly been filled with significant volunteer activities. How has volunteerism changed in the years that you've been doing all this work?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/146555/file/270384#t=6368.0,6382.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/146555/file/270384/transcript/78787/annotation/285","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eCAVALIER:\u003c/strong\u003e The last few years, it seems to be harder to get younger people to do it. First of all, when they've got young babies, it's true they must be with their young ones. As they get older, the children are old enough to either be in high school or away in college, so many that I know have taken part-time jobs. They say they're not interested in doing that. They have to find some new face. Years back, they were interested in cards and luncheons and maybe some volunteer work. Then they say they've lost interest in that. What else can I do so? Involvement today, a dedication is not as great as I found it in the early years.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/146555/file/270384#t=6382.0,6425.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/146555/file/270384/transcript/78787/annotation/286","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eFRANCO:\u003c/strong\u003e Do you think that's a result of the changes in society or changes in the role of women?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/146555/file/270384#t=6425.0,6430.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/146555/file/270384/transcript/78787/annotation/287","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eCAVALIER:\u003c/strong\u003e The change in the role of women and too many women have become professional women today. In fact, I'm against women's liberation. I can't see . . . especially I fight it more so in the synagogue than anywhere else. I said, \"Let the men do some part of it. Just don't take everything away from them.\" In every phase of life, be it professional people, doctors, lawyers, auditors, the women have got so involved that they have taken the place and they've less volunteer work. Even I find today going to the Jewish Home, in most every meeting. We ask for volunteers, for young people. We don't get them. We get elderly people, but they are are as old as our residents and we need younger folks bad.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/146555/file/270384#t=6430.0,6477.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/146555/file/270384/transcript/78787/annotation/288","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eFRANCO:\u003c/strong\u003e You were reacting to women's liberation, is that something that was just totally a surprise to you? The movement of women into these sectors that they weren't in when you were growing up?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/146555/file/270384#t=6477.0,6489.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/146555/file/270384/transcript/78787/annotation/289","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eCAVALIER:\u003c/strong\u003e That's right, total surprise. I still don't believe that women should just be home and take care of babies, they should have a life. But to move into all phases of the work with men, it was a bigger surprise and a shock to me.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/146555/file/270384#t=6489.0,6505.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/146555/file/270384/transcript/78787/annotation/290","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eFRANCO:\u003c/strong\u003e And yet . . .","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/146555/file/270384#t=6505.0,6507.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/146555/file/270384/transcript/78787/annotation/291","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eCAVALIER:\u003c/strong\u003e That they were accepted.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/146555/file/270384#t=6507.0,6508.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/146555/file/270384/transcript/78787/annotation/292","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eFRANCO:\u003c/strong\u003e Yet, you, yourself, had moved into Sidney's business when you were younger.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/146555/file/270384#t=6508.0,6513.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/146555/file/270384/transcript/78787/annotation/293","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eCAVALIER:\u003c/strong\u003e The only reason that at the time, not having children, and while Sidney was courting me, he always said when he'd come to Chattanooga and see what a hard worker I was, all I really know is work. He says, \"Honey, if you ever work half as hard for me, we can make a success and get on our feet and have children.\" I thought that was a thing to do. But as I look back over the years, I found out there were some flaws. Every woman should know what her husband does and something about the business, God forbid, if they have to help out. But they really shouldn't know as much and do as much as I did. To this day, it's too bad because where my husband's retired, I'm not retired. I'm still carrying on as his bookkeeper and secretary where I used to work with eight secretaries and nine bookkeepers, but the little that we have to do the day for children and properties, I find out myself that I've got to do all of it. I'm going to retire from business like my husband has.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/146555/file/270384#t=6513.0,6573.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/146555/file/270384/transcript/78787/annotation/294","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eFRANCO:\u003c/strong\u003e Helen, what do you think your most significant contribution has been? If you had to pick out one thing, what's the first thing that comes to your mind as the most significant?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/146555/file/270384#t=6573.0,6584.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/146555/file/270384/transcript/78787/annotation/295","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eCAVALIER:\u003c/strong\u003e The most significant, I think, is getting involved with the Minyanaires, with the father and the children walking in together and praying together, because children want to do it, and parents don't want to give up the time, especially their Saturdays and their Sunday mornings, when they've worked hard all week. When you get them to come, I really believe that that's the greatest involvement that we can handle and make it enjoyable where they want to come. I think that's because I feel like in this way, we've got something to look forward to that we've got enough good children to carry on, like I say, our Judaism when we're not here.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/146555/file/270384#t=6584.0,6625.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/146555/file/270384/transcript/78787/annotation/296","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eFRANCO:\u003c/strong\u003e Just some generalized kinds of questions, because I know you said at the beginning that you have many things to do this morning. I don't know if you've ever thought about this, but this might be a good opportunity to do it. If you had a philosophy of life, what do you think it would be?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/146555/file/270384#t=6625.0,6641.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/146555/file/270384/transcript/78787/annotation/297","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eCAVALIER:\u003c/strong\u003e I really haven't given much time to it. I've been so involved and so dedicated and so busy, I really believe that I would like to just relive my life just as I have. It's been quite a fulfillment. If I could leave here, I feel like I could get more dedicated people and more involvement from others, I feel like I've done a job. Otherwise, my job has not failed completely. It says that we're never excused from anything up until the day that we die, that we continually should help. Of course, get as much as we can done. To this day, I don't think mine yet is quite completed. I must still have more involvement with people and more dedication. Then perhaps my job will be completed.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/146555/file/270384#t=6641.0,6690.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/146555/file/270384/transcript/78787/annotation/298","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eFRANCO:\u003c/strong\u003e You sort of answered my next question, which was any unmet challenges or unmet needs?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/146555/file/270384#t=6690.0,6695.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/146555/file/270384/transcript/78787/annotation/299","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eCAVALIER:\u003c/strong\u003e So far, if one should come up, I'll try to meet it. In fact, I have met one that took me 50 years to meet, and I've accomplished that in the last three years. I don't know if I've mentioned it before as far as the Chevra Kadisha.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/146555/file/270384#t=6695.0,6710.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/146555/file/270384/transcript/78787/annotation/300","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eFRANCO:\u003c/strong\u003e No.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/146555/file/270384#t=6710.0,6711.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/146555/file/270384/transcript/78787/annotation/301","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eCAVALIER:\u003c/strong\u003e The Chevra Kadisha, for 50 years, I knew it would make my mother, aleha ha-shalom, happy to know that I got involved with that. For 50 years I could not do it. But four years ago when I lost a brother, and I went to the undertaker's and I spent so much time there, I found out that perhaps I could fulfill that desire, and I looked forward to it. For the past four years, I've been going down to the Chevra Kadisha when I was ever called on my team to go down and take care of the body, to prepare the way we should before a Jewish burial. That's washing the body and putting on the tachrichim. It's really a fulfillment and accomplishment because it took me so many years to try that. But I've tried it, and I've made myself attend to it and I've read in the Jewish way of doing things and I'm grateful that God saw fit to let me do that.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/146555/file/270384#t=6711.0,6765.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/146555/file/270384/transcript/78787/annotation/302","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eFRANCO:\u003c/strong\u003e What has that experience meant for you, to be able to accomplish that objective after so many years?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/146555/file/270384#t=6765.0,6772.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/146555/file/270384/transcript/78787/annotation/303","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eCAVALIER:\u003c/strong\u003e That so many years, because you are taking care of a body and it's the greatest fulfillment in the world because what I've said before, never thank me and in that particular instance, there is a case that they can't thank you. The person that you're taking care of cannot thank you and when you come home, you feel so good because you've done something that only you and that . . . only you and almighty God knows. In fact, I've always said over the years, any organization or any solicitation is not charity to me. The only charity that I find is when I find me a family that needs food and clothes. I get in that house, and I leave the food and the clothes, and they don't know where it comes from. The right hand doesn't tell the left hand. I feel like that's charity. But when you're soliciting and you give money to organizations, that's not charity. That's what you should do. Charity is where no one knows it but you. I connect that along with the Chevra Kadisha, because neither party can thank you.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/146555/file/270384#t=6772.0,6836.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/146555/file/270384/transcript/78787/annotation/304","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eFRANCO:\u003c/strong\u003e Was there always a Chevra Kadisha society in the AA Synagogue?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/146555/file/270384#t=6836.0,6841.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/146555/file/270384/transcript/78787/annotation/305","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eCAVALIER:\u003c/strong\u003e There was always a Chevra Kadisha society . . . but only the years that I came would stand outside with a bucket and ring it and you would drop money as you went into a funeral and that was called for the Chevra Kadisha. But and the last . . . there was a lapse between the generation of my parents and myself that women or men didn't go in and prepare the body, and the undertaker was doing it, and we've always had . . . tried to have a man at least to sit with the body. We found out here about 15 or 18 years ago that we had no Chevra Kadisha at all. I got busy and I found a nurse that had moved to Atlanta, a Jewish girl that needed help. She went down there and became the Chevra Kadisha single-handed herself. Also, her father would sit up with the dead. Then after that, they started talking to the Synagogue and Sisterhood, trying to organize among the members a Chevra Kadisha and that was only in the last five or six years.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/146555/file/270384#t=6841.0,6910.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/146555/file/270384/transcript/78787/annotation/306","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eFRANCO:\u003c/strong\u003e How many members do you have?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/146555/file/270384#t=6910.0,6912.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/146555/file/270384/transcript/78787/annotation/307","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eCAVALIER:\u003c/strong\u003e Today we have about 20 women, and we must have about 15 or 18 men, but we're still soliciting them and ask them. Just recently we had a meeting, and we sent out letters asking if new members would come in and listen to our plans and see if they would help us out. Every now and then we get a new one to come in. [interview pauses, then resumes]","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/146555/file/270384#t=6912.0,6939.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/146555/file/270384/transcript/78787/annotation/308","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eFRANCO:\u003c/strong\u003e This is Jody Franco interviewing Helen Cavalier for the William E. Wiener's Oral History Library's Jewish Women of Achievement Project. It's Tuesday, December 17, 1985, at the Ahavath Achim Synagogue in Fishman Conference Room. This side two of tape two. Helen, you were talking about the Chevra Kadisha and what sort of last unmet challenge has meant to you, in looking back at all of the things that you've been involved in, what kind of values were you trying to pass on to your children through these involvements that you have had?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/146555/file/270384#t=6939.0,6985.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/146555/file/270384/transcript/78787/annotation/309","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eCAVALIER:\u003c/strong\u003e Like everyone else, I've tried to keep them [indistinct: 1:56:28] and stay within our traditions, and also . . . and let them increase their involvement and dedication. If they carry on like I've been carrying on I think the way my parents showed me, and knowing what my daddy and my mother, alav ha-shalom, did in the community of Chattanooga, that I have done here. I would love to see children carry on and keep on and carry on to their children and of course grandchildren and great-grandchildren. The only thing I would hope and pray that my grandchildren and, they're all grown, would get married and I could have great- grandchildren and see them and perhaps instill with them a little feeling, because one of my granddaughters constantly tells me everything that she is, she's tried to follow what her bubbe has told her or taught her. She's the one that's a nurse and very dedicated to the field of children, is why she works at Egleston Hospital, taking care of children with leukemia.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/146555/file/270384#t=6985.0,7052.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/146555/file/270384/transcript/78787/annotation/310","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eFRANCO:\u003c/strong\u003e That must be very significant for you.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/146555/file/270384#t=7052.0,7054.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/146555/file/270384/transcript/78787/annotation/311","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eCAVALIER:\u003c/strong\u003e Very, it's just so close to what I would want, although, of course, Sidney prefers that they go on and have gotten an education and been a doctor, feeling that close to children. But to me, I think the dedication of a nurse is just as wonderful as being a doctor and helping out children.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/146555/file/270384#t=7054.0,7073.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/146555/file/270384/transcript/78787/annotation/312","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eFRANCO:\u003c/strong\u003e How would you like to be remembered?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/146555/file/270384#t=7073.0,7077.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/146555/file/270384/transcript/78787/annotation/313","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eCAVALIER:\u003c/strong\u003e That's a hard question to answer. The only thing, like I still say, and I'm repeating myself, that I would like to go from yasher koach from generation to generation, that my children would follow through as I've set the pattern. They would carry on and hand down to their children and their grandchildren. That would be the greatest compliment to me in death, to just carry on like I have.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/146555/file/270384#t=7077.0,7101.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/146555/file/270384/transcript/78787/annotation/314","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eFRANCO:\u003c/strong\u003e We've talked about so many things over the course of our last meeting and our meeting this morning. I hope that I've touched on the highlights. I wondered just in these last few minutes together if there's anything that stands out in your mind that you'd like to share that perhaps I didn't ask you about.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/146555/file/270384#t=7101.0,7122.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/146555/file/270384/transcript/78787/annotation/315","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eCAVALIER:\u003c/strong\u003e I really believe you've covered it completely. The only thing, I want to thank you and the organization for asking me to do this, but I really don't think I'm the right candidate, but I appreciate it, and I'm grateful for it. I hope that it will help others, like my main object in life is, to get people involved and dedicated. I thank you again.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/146555/file/270384#t=7122.0,7146.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/146555/file/270384/transcript/78787/annotation/316","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eFRANCO:\u003c/strong\u003e Helen, it's been a real pleasure to be here this early in the morning to watch you in action and to have this experience with you. I thank you as well.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/146555/file/270384#t=7146.0,7156.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/146555/file/270384/transcript/78787/annotation/317","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eCAVALIER:\u003c/strong\u003e Thank you. \n\n[TRANSCRIPT OF THE SECTION OF AUDIO MISSING FROM TAPE 1, SIDE 1]","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/146555/file/270384#t=7156.0,7157.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/146555/file/270384/transcript/78787/annotation/318","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eFRANCO:\u003c/strong\u003e Were there any organized kinds of activities for teenagers in Chattanooga when you were growing up?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/146555/file/270384#t=7157.0,7158.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/146555/file/270384/transcript/78787/annotation/319","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eCAVALIER:\u003c/strong\u003e Only the clubs and what we made ourselves, Mostly we would either go out in a crowd maybe once a week to a picture show, the boys and the girls. Then we'd always come to someone's house. It was at home dancing and turning up the rug and serving a little drink of, no liquors or anything, and have more fun that way than the people today go out and spend a lot of money. The crowds used to come from Atlanta and constantly and the house was always open and all we did was at night go into--someone could play and someone could sing, and we would start dancing.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/146555/file/270384#t=7158.0,7159.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/146555/file/270384/transcript/78787/annotation/320","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eFRANCO:\u003c/strong\u003e How much was the picture show in those days?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/146555/file/270384#t=7159.0,7160.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/146555/file/270384/transcript/78787/annotation/321","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eCAVALIER:\u003c/strong\u003e Couldn't have been much over a dime, as far back as I remember.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/146555/file/270384#t=7160.0,7161.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/146555/file/270384/transcript/78787/annotation/322","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eFRANCO:\u003c/strong\u003e Did you help your father in his business growing up?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/146555/file/270384#t=7161.0,7162.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/146555/file/270384/transcript/78787/annotation/323","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eCAVALIER:\u003c/strong\u003e No, that was men's furnishing, and I was too young at that time. But later, when things were bad and Daddy went into the delicatessen business, that's the time when I gave up my education and went in there and worked in the delicatessen with my daddy.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/146555/file/270384#t=7162.0,7163.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/146555/file/270384/transcript/78787/annotation/324","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eFRANCO:\u003c/strong\u003e Why did he move from men's manufacturing into foods?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/146555/file/270384#t=7163.0,7164.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/146555/file/270384/transcript/78787/annotation/325","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eCAVALIER:\u003c/strong\u003e When the war ended in 1918, the First World War, he had two stores, and he had given one to my brother that had just married. He went to New York, and he loaded up the stores with . . . overloaded, everything he could buy, the suits, and the coats, and the hats, and the shoes, and we were railroad station, and as the men would come out of service with their money, they would come in and get fitted from top to bottom. All of a sudden, the bubble burst. It was over, and he was left with all the merchandise, and that's when things took . . . both stores went down in a hole. He went out and went into the delicatessen business. There was a need for that in Chattanooga, so he opened up a delicatessen business.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/146555/file/270384#t=7164.0,7165.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/146555/file/270384/transcript/78787/annotation/326","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eFRANCO:\u003c/strong\u003e What sort of skills did he bring to that kind of business after having spent so many years in men's clothing?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/146555/file/270384#t=7165.0,7166.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/146555/file/270384/transcript/78787/annotation/327","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eCAVALIER:\u003c/strong\u003e The skills that he brought, he brought food to Chattanooga that they'd never seen before, having been to New York on buying trips three times a year when he was in the men's furnishing business. He would always bring us the finest delicatessen or the finest things from New York. He knew where to go and bring those things into Chattanooga to sell. At that time, there was nothing to speak of in the delicatessen line. He imported fish and things, so that's why his mind was on that. He knew the food and he liked the food. He made a success of that afterwards.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/146555/file/270384#t=7166.0,7167.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/146555/file/270384/transcript/78787/annotation/328","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eFRANCO:\u003c/strong\u003e What was the name of his delicatessen?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/146555/file/270384#t=7167.0,7168.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/146555/file/270384/transcript/78787/annotation/329","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eCAVALIER:\u003c/strong\u003e Fine's Delicatessen.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/146555/file/270384#t=7168.0,7169.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/146555/file/270384/transcript/78787/annotation/330","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eFRANCO:\u003c/strong\u003e He had one?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/146555/file/270384#t=7169.0,7170.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/146555/file/270384/transcript/78787/annotation/331","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eCAVALIER:\u003c/strong\u003e Just one.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/146555/file/270384#t=7170.0,7171.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/146555/file/270384/transcript/78787/annotation/332","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eFRANCO:\u003c/strong\u003e It was successful?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/146555/file/270384#t=7171.0,7172.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/146555/file/270384/transcript/78787/annotation/333","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eCAVALIER:\u003c/strong\u003e It was successful.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/146555/file/270384#t=7172.0,7173.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/146555/file/270384/transcript/78787/annotation/334","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eFRANCO:\u003c/strong\u003e This is where you went to work?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/146555/file/270384#t=7173.0,7174.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/146555/file/270384/transcript/78787/annotation/335","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eCAVALIER:\u003c/strong\u003e That's where I went to work.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/146555/file/270384#t=7174.0,7175.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/146555/file/270384/transcript/78787/annotation/336","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eFRANCO:\u003c/strong\u003e How long did you work there?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/146555/file/270384#t=7175.0,7176.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/146555/file/270384/transcript/78787/annotation/337","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eCAVALIER:\u003c/strong\u003e I worked there from . . . I was not quite 18, and I worked until I married when I was 22.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/146555/file/270384#t=7176.0,7177.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/146555/file/270384/transcript/78787/annotation/338","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eFRANCO:\u003c/strong\u003e Let's go back to the First World War for a moment. That was a pretty significant historical event. Do you recall how your family or you personally were affected by this major historical event?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/146555/file/270384#t=7177.0,7178.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/146555/file/270384/transcript/78787/annotation/339","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eCAVALIER:\u003c/strong\u003e I guess by now we were just dancing in the street. It was just a happy sight to see, even though the store was closed up right . . . he was right in town where all this was taking part, dancing and carrying on, and everyone was so happy that the war was over and that the boys would be back home. It was a joyful occasion there. As much as I remember, we would go out there and see all the people and see the trains come in and wave to all these boys and the families meeting them. A lot of them lived up in the country in Tennessee in the mountains and all. They were all so happy to be back home. It was a joyful, happy occasion.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/146555/file/270384#t=7178.0,7179.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/146555/file/270384/transcript/78787/annotation/340","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eFRANCO:\u003c/strong\u003e How involved were you with politics growing up?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/146555/file/270384#t=7179.0,7180.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/146555/file/270384/transcript/78787/annotation/341","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eCAVALIER:\u003c/strong\u003e Very little, very little at all when I was growing up. It seemed like at that time that my daddy was busy making a living and my mother was at home working, and it never was too much shown to us. It didn't brush up on us.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/146555/file/270384#t=7180.0,7181.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/146555/file/270384/transcript/78787/annotation/342","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eFRANCO:\u003c/strong\u003e Were you the only child who went to work for your father in the delicatessen?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/146555/file/270384#t=7181.0,7182.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/146555/file/270384/transcript/78787/annotation/343","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eCAVALIER:\u003c/strong\u003e No, my older sister was there a while, but she married just a few months after he had opened up the store. Then another brother was with me, and then he left and went to California, the one I spoke of before living in California. He went there so young, and he always said he hated to have left and gone away so far, because he loved it there and it was too far away from home, but he wanted to stay there. I was the only one left there really with the store and my daddy until I married myself.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/146555/file/270384#t=7182.0,7183.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/146555/file/270384/transcript/78787/annotation/344","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eFRANCO:\u003c/strong\u003e The siblings, your brothers and sisters, spread out?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/146555/file/270384#t=7183.0,7184.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/146555/file/270384/transcript/78787/annotation/345","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eCAVALIER:\u003c/strong\u003e Yes.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/146555/file/270384#t=7184.0,7185.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/146555/file/270384/transcript/78787/annotation/346","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eFRANCO:\u003c/strong\u003e At what age?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/146555/file/270384#t=7185.0,7186.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/146555/file/270384/transcript/78787/annotation/347","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eCAVALIER:\u003c/strong\u003e They all spread out in the early 1920’s and all went their own ways. There was only the three younger ones that were left here with my mother until she passed away in 1936.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/146555/file/270384#t=7186.0,7187.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/146555/file/270384/transcript/78787/annotation/348","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eFRANCO:\u003c/strong\u003e What did she die from?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/146555/file/270384#t=7187.0,7188.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/146555/file/270384/transcript/78787/annotation/349","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eCAVALIER:\u003c/strong\u003e Heart.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/146555/file/270384#t=7188.0,7189.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/146555/file/270384/transcript/78787/annotation/350","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eFRANCO:\u003c/strong\u003e You mentioned that you stayed in the delicatessen for about three years and then you got married.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/146555/file/270384#t=7189.0,7190.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/146555/file/270384/transcript/78787/annotation/351","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eCAVALIER:\u003c/strong\u003e I got married.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/146555/file/270384#t=7190.0,7191.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/146555/file/270384/transcript/78787/annotation/352","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eFRANCO:\u003c/strong\u003e How did you meet your husband?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/146555/file/270384#t=7191.0,7192.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/146555/file/270384/transcript/78787/annotation/353","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eCAVALIER:\u003c/strong\u003e I met my husband . . . I had come to Atlanta, many trips. I\n\nhad had troubles and they sent me here to another doctor. I met my husband, and all the Atlanta folks and boys constantly came back and forth to Atlanta. They were all dating me from one\n\nyear to the next. We always had a rivalry of the basketball teams. We were Young Men's Hebrew Association, and they were the Progressive Club. Chattanooga played Atlanta, they played Nashville, and they played Birmingham. You would go back and forth to those basketball games. The whole crowd would come from Atlanta to Chattanooga. We'd come down here, we'd go to Nashville, we'd go to Birmingham. With one of the visits on one of the games, I met my husband. He came to Chattanooga.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/146555/file/270384#t=7192.0,7193.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/146555/file/270384/transcript/78787/annotation/354","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eFRANCO:\u003c/strong\u003e Who is your husband?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/146555/file/270384#t=7193.0,7194.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/146555/file/270384/transcript/78787/annotation/355","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eCAVALIER:\u003c/strong\u003e My husband is Sidney Cavalier. At the time, he was Sidney Goldstein. But later, like I have mentioned to begin with, that he had said that their name originally was Cavalier in Russia, and he filed to change his name from Goldstein to Cavalier. All of the Goldstein’s in Atlanta were supposed to take up the name after he did the roadwork but only a few of them carried the name. We've got cousins, a Ben C. Cavalier in Nashville, and his brother David has passed away that lived in California. They went under the Cavalier name. My own nephew took the name Julius Cavalier. The rest of the family didn't take it. There was another cousin that took Caval, Stanley Caval, didn't make it Cavalier. But that's how the name came from Goldstein to Cavalier. In fact, I really didn't want to change it at the time because I had two children in school. It was quite a job to change the name and explain why all of a sudden Sally Ann Goldstein’s name was going to be Sally Ann Cavalier, and Jules Leonard Goldstein was going to be Jules Leonard Cavalier. Of course, with all the accounts that they were all taking care of. My third child was born under the right name of Cavalier.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/146555/file/270384#t=7194.0,7195.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/146555/file/270384/transcript/78787/annotation/356","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eFRANCO:\u003c/strong\u003e When you were married then, your name was Helen Goldstein?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/146555/file/270384#t=7195.0,7196.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/146555/file/270384/transcript/78787/annotation/357","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eCAVALIER:\u003c/strong\u003e Goldstein, that's right. My marriage license was Goldstein.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/146555/file/270384#t=7196.0,7197.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/146555/file/270384/transcript/78787/annotation/358","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eFRANCO:\u003c/strong\u003e What prompted Sidney to go through the process legally to have the name changed?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/146555/file/270384#t=7197.0,7198.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/146555/file/270384/transcript/78787/annotation/359","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eCAVALIER:\u003c/strong\u003e That was his original name, and he was determined after Frank Garson had changed his name. It was Gottesman, and they changed it to Garson. He said, \"Frank, how much trouble was it?\" He said, \"None at all.\" In fact, the original name, he encouraged him to do this. That's why he filed and decided to change his name to Cavalier, not for no reason of business or anything, only that was his original name, and he wanted to have the original name of great-grandparents. Because his parents came over, they were living under the name of Goldstein once they came through Ellis Island. It was no Cavalinsky or Cavalier or whatever, it was Goldstein. All of them accepted the name . . . I don't know if it was Abe Goldstein's father first or Hy Levitas' father. See, there was three brothers, Sidney's father and Hy Levitas' father and Abe Goldstein's father was all brothers. They were all Goldstein’s, and I don't know which one came first, who changed it from the Cavalinsky or Cavalier to Goldstein. But then when they all came over, it was all Goldstein.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/146555/file/270384#t=7198.0,7199.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/146555/file/270384/transcript/78787/annotation/360","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eFRANCO:\u003c/strong\u003e You mentioned that you had come to Atlanta frequently for health reasons?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/146555/file/270384#t=7199.0,7200.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/146555/file/270384/transcript/78787/annotation/361","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eCAVALIER:\u003c/strong\u003e Yes.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/146555/file/270384#t=7200.0,7201.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/146555/file/270384/transcript/78787/annotation/362","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eFRANCO:\u003c/strong\u003e Would you like to describe what that was in regard to?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/146555/file/270384#t=7201.0,7202.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/146555/file/270384/transcript/78787/annotation/363","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eCAVALIER:\u003c/strong\u003e I had a ruptured appendix at the time, and after I lived through that, there was a keloid that I had, I don't know if you know what a keloid is, but I have a keloid, and it was always painful and wouldn't heal. The doctors in Chattanooga said I'd have to be reoperated on and cut that out. I didn't want to go through surgery. I came to Atlanta, and they had said that they could do it without surgery. Which in those many years ago, it was some form of chemicals that they used, and take me overnight, but that also opened up just like I had surgery, and then I had to still go in and have surgery and have it all sewed back up. That's when I got acquainted with all the Atlanta folks.\n\nIn fact, I stayed with a cousin of mine here when I'd come here, Sadie Sure [sp] an old-time family, the Weinberg family here. I stayed with her at the Princess Apartment, and that's where I met all the Jewish boys and girls of Atlanta and got acquainted with them.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/146555/file/270384#t=7202.0,7203.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/146555/file/270384/transcript/78787/annotation/364","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eFRANCO:\u003c/strong\u003e Where was the Princess Apartment located?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/146555/file/270384#t=7203.0,7204.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/146555/file/270384/transcript/78787/annotation/365","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eCAVALIER:\u003c/strong\u003e Washington and Bass Street. That's been changed today.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/146555/file/270384#t=7204.0,7205.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/146555/file/270384/transcript/78787/annotation/366","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eFRANCO:\u003c/strong\u003e Describe your wedding.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/146555/file/270384#t=7205.0,7206.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/146555/file/270384/transcript/78787/annotation/367","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eCAVALIER:\u003c/strong\u003e My wedding was strictly plain Orthodox wedding. My mother had prepared all the food months in advance. We were married at a hotel where all the people could come in and sit.\n\nBut we still went home where it was all strictly kosher food. It was a happy occasion. There was dancing. Like I say, the biggest thing we ever did was dance. There were Sheva Brachot in the regular tradition and everything that you do in the traditional form.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/146555/file/270384#t=7206.0,7207.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/146555/file/270384/transcript/78787/annotation/368","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eFRANCO:\u003c/strong\u003e The wedding was held at the synagogue?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/146555/file/270384#t=7207.0,7208.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/146555/file/270384/transcript/78787/annotation/369","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eCAVALIER:\u003c/strong\u003e No, there was no synagogue. We held it in ballroom at the hotel, rather, to have the people in there. Then we went home, like I said before, for all the kosher foods and the Sheva Brachot in the regular tradition, the way they accept it in the Orthodox manner.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/146555/file/270384#t=7208.0,7209.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/146555/file/270384/transcript/78787/annotation/370","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eFRANCO:\u003c/strong\u003e Could you expand somewhat on the traditions that you're referring to in the Orthodox manner?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/146555/file/270384#t=7209.0,7210.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/146555/file/270384/transcript/78787/annotation/371","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eCAVALIER:\u003c/strong\u003e the only thing in the Orthodox today, I don't know if they have the Sheva Brachot, and you sit around and you do all the . . . Sheva Brachot that you make, and you have to walk around and all. With each thing there's happiness and singing and happy and clapping and . . . today you don't see that. It’s just on a different level.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/146555/file/270384#t=7210.0,7211.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/146555/file/270384/transcript/78787/annotation/372","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eFRANCO:\u003c/strong\u003e Did you have a number of people from Atlanta come up for your wedding?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/146555/file/270384#t=7211.0,7212.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/146555/file/270384/transcript/78787/annotation/373","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eCAVALIER:\u003c/strong\u003e I had some of Sidney's family, not too many. Not too many came up in those days. It was so hard coming. The roads were nothing but mud, no concrete roads. It would have taken six or seven hours, even when I'd visit here. Not too many could come up and go back. The trains were not those good schedules to come back and forth. In fact, even after I married and I'd go home, it took us hours to go back to Chattanooga back and forth. It's just a great difference in what the improvement of traveling today, how fast you can go and come back from one place to another.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/146555/file/270384#t=7212.0,7213.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/146555/file/270384/transcript/78787/annotation/374","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eFRANCO:\u003c/strong\u003e Did you have honeymoon?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/146555/file/270384#t=7213.0,7214.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/146555/file/270384/transcript/78787/annotation/375","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eCAVALIER:\u003c/strong\u003e Had a honeymoon. I left Chattanooga and went to Savannah [Georgia] and took the boat from Savannah to New York. And then we stayed in New York and then went up to Canada and back to New York and back home. In fact, I didn't know at the time that my husband had borrowed money for our honeymoon. When I got back and found out he owed money for the honeymoon, I said, \"Why did we ever go?\" But went to work and we made it, and everything was wonderful.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/146555/file/270384#t=7214.0,7215.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/146555/file/270384/transcript/78787/annotation/376","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eFRANCO:\u003c/strong\u003e When you came to Atlanta, you were married in what year?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/146555/file/270384#t=7215.0,7216.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/146555/file/270384/transcript/78787/annotation/377","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eCAVALIER:\u003c/strong\u003e 1930.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/146555/file/270384#t=7216.0,7217.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/146555/file/270384/transcript/78787/annotation/378","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eFRANCO:\u003c/strong\u003e That was after the First World War, and you came to Atlanta. Where did you settle?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/146555/file/270384#t=7217.0,7218.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/146555/file/270384/transcript/78787/annotation/379","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eCAVALIER:\u003c/strong\u003e We settled . . at first we stayed at the Cox-Carlton Hotel until we could find us an apartment. That Cox-Carlton Hotel was right across the street from the Fox Theatre. That was the name of it. We stayed there about six months, and then we found a little apartment, efficiency, on 13th Street. We stayed on 13th Street until we could go to a larger apartment at Piedmont and . . . Mr. Hyman Jacobs' apartment . . . Piedmont and 15th or 16th Street. Then we were really rich because we had two bedrooms there.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/146555/file/270384#t=7218.0,7219.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/146555/file/270384/transcript/78787/annotation/380","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eFRANCO:\u003c/strong\u003e How much was the rental in those days?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/146555/file/270384#t=7219.0,7220.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/146555/file/270384/transcript/78787/annotation/381","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eCAVALIER:\u003c/strong\u003e The rent at the Cox-Carlton Hotel was $60 a month, in a hotel room. I’d just leave there and go to work. I had nothing to do. Only that I had to eat out. The rent on apartments at that time were all under $100 when we first started.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/146555/file/270384#t=7220.0,7221.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/146555/file/270384/transcript/78787/annotation/382","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eFRANCO:\u003c/strong\u003e Then your two-bedroom apartment cost how much?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/146555/file/270384#t=7221.0,7222.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/146555/file/270384/transcript/78787/annotation/383","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eCAVALIER:\u003c/strong\u003e That was always under $100. A one-bedroom apartment must have been anywhere from $60 to $75.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/146555/file/270384#t=7222.0,7223.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/146555/file/270384/transcript/78787/annotation/384","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eFRANCO:\u003c/strong\u003e Let's talk about Sidney's family a little bit.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/146555/file/270384#t=7223.0,7224.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/146555/file/270384/transcript/78787/annotation/385","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eCAVALIER:\u003c/strong\u003e Sidney's family . . . when I married Sidney, his father had already passed away many years before that. His mother was a very sick person, and they were living on Crew Street. She lived there about six months, and she fell and broke her hip. After she broke her hip, we had to take her in to live with us. We still only had an efficiency apartment, but we managed until we could get the one-bedroom apartment, and we would sleep in the living room and give her the bedroom.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/146555/file/270384#t=7224.0,7225.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/146555/file/270384/transcript/78787/annotation/386","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eFRANCO:\u003c/strong\u003e Was that a difficult situation for you?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/146555/file/270384#t=7225.0,7226.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/146555/file/270384/transcript/78787/annotation/387","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eCAVALIER:\u003c/strong\u003e No, it wasn't difficult, because I had come from a home where we doubled up with four in a bedroom, so it wasn't a hard situation at all. She lived with us, and we finally moved to a larger apartment. She lived with us from the time we married in 1930, and she passed away . . . six months she lived alone, and she passed away in 1937. She lived with us, and in between, she'd go\n\nlive with her daughter for a while. But she always loved to be with us, and she loved . . . after our first child was born, she still would teach him few of the Jewish words. He knew that he couldn't go touch the radiator. She'd tell him it was heys [Yiddish: hot]. It was heys, so he always knew heys. She really loved being with us. By that time, we had two bedrooms, and we had the baby in our bedroom, and she had a bedroom. But it was still a happy occasion, and we didn't object to it one iota.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/146555/file/270384#t=7226.0,7227.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/146555/file/270384/transcript/78787/annotation/388","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eFRANCO:\u003c/strong\u003e Where was she from?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/146555/file/270384#t=7227.0,7228.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/146555/file/270384/transcript/78787/annotation/389","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eCAVALIER:\u003c/strong\u003e She was from Galicia [indistinct] Sidney always said Galicia. Now, where his father came from, I don't know. He always spoke of his mother coming from Galicia. That had to be\n\nsome part of Russia, too.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/146555/file/270384#t=7228.0,7229.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/146555/file/270384/transcript/78787/annotation/390","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eFRANCO:\u003c/strong\u003e Did she have the Ellis Island experience?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/146555/file/270384#t=7229.0,7230.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/146555/file/270384/transcript/78787/annotation/391","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eCAVALIER:\u003c/strong\u003e If she did, she never related it. The thing that my mother always told us, and I cried many, many times, that at Ellis island, when they’d come in, they’d give all of the refugees bananas, and they'd never seen a banana. They would take the banana and eat it with the peeling and all. Every time I eat a banana, I think about that story, and I get a [indistinct] because not knowing that they were supposed to peel a banana, and they thought it was cute. They'd stand there and laugh at them. But she never mentioned coming through or what happened to her or her family. She didn't tell us too much about it. Now, perhaps in the early years she may have told Sidney and her family, but I heard very little. She was just so happy to try to be there and do something, because Sidney and I both were at work. But I wouldn't let her do anything, so she'd . . . in those days, she'd sit by the television, and she loved Amos 'n' Andy. That's what she'd listen to every day, until we'd come home from work.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/146555/file/270384#t=7230.0,7231.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/146555/file/270384/transcript/78787/annotation/392","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eFRANCO:\u003c/strong\u003e How did Sidney's family get to the South?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/146555/file/270384#t=7231.0,7232.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/146555/file/270384/transcript/78787/annotation/393","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eCAVALIER:\u003c/strong\u003e Through one of the uncles, either Abe, like I said before, either Abe's father or either Uncle [indistinct]. They brought them here at the time. Sidney and his family was in New York, and he tells me one of the uncles brought him. There was a grocery store they wanted him to take over, which they later found out it wasn't a good deal. They were buying it from Abe Levitt and that's why one of the brothers brought his father over and his family. But his sister, Sadie Thatch, it was Sadie Goldstein and later married Sam Thatch. She came over earlier and she went to work here, and she had settled here. The family was anxious to come here, which they did once the other brother told them they had a business for him to go into. See, like all of them, they were peddlers up until that time in New York and wherever they were. They all started off like peddlers.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/146555/file/270384#t=7232.0,7233.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/146555/file/270384/transcript/78787/annotation/394","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eFRANCO:\u003c/strong\u003e What year did they come down here?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/146555/file/270384#t=7233.0,7234.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/146555/file/270384/transcript/78787/annotation/395","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eCAVALIER:\u003c/strong\u003e Sidney says that he was four years old when they got here, and he was born in 1906, so they came to Atlanta around 1910.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/146555/file/270384#t=7234.0,7247.0"}]},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/146555/file/270384/annotation_set/1882","type":"AnnotationPage","label":{"en":["Annotations [Transcript]"]},"items":[{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/146555/file/270384/annotation_set/1882/annotation/396","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eJody Breen Franco (b. 1944) is an Atlanta native, and daughter of Emanuel “Mike” and Rebecca Breen. She attended Henry Grady High School. She attended Sophie Newcomb College at Tulane, and later Georgia State College. She worked as a teacher. In 1964, she married Ramon Franco and they have two children.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/146555/file/270384#t=0.0,35.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/146555/file/270384/annotation_set/1882/annotation/397","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe National Council of Jewish Women is an organization of volunteers and advocates, founded in the 1890's, who turn progressive ideals in advocacy and philanthropy inspired by Jewish values. They strive to improve the quality of life for women, children and families. \u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/146555/file/270384#t=0.0,35.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/146555/file/270384/annotation_set/1882/annotation/398","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe American Jewish Committee (AJC) was founded in 1906 to safeguard the welfare and security of Jews worldwide. It is one of the oldest Jewish advocacy organizations in the United States.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/146555/file/270384#t=0.0,35.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/146555/file/270384/annotation_set/1882/annotation/399","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eAhavath Achim Synagogue (often referred to as \"AA\") was founded as an Orthodox congregation in 1887 in a small room on Gilmer Street. In 1901 they moved to a permanent building at the corner of Piedmont Avenue and Gilmer Street. In 1921, the congregation constructed a synagogue at Washington Street and Woodward Avenue. It joined the Conservative movement in 1952. The final service in the Washington Street building was held in 1958 to make way for construction of the Downtown Connector (the concurrent section of Interstate 75 and Interstate 85 through Atlanta). The synagogue moved to its current location on Peachtree Battle Avenue in 1958. As of 2022, Ahavath Achim is the largest Conservative synagogue in the Atlanta area and its current Senior Rabbi is Laurence Rosenthal.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/146555/file/270384#t=0.0,35.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/146555/file/270384/annotation_set/1882/annotation/400","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eChicago is the largest city in Illinois and located on Lake Michigan. It is known for its bold architecture with skyscrapers such as the John Hancock Center, the Willis Tower, formerly the Sears Tower, and the neo-Gothic Tribune Tower. It is also known for its museums including the Chicago Institute of Art. The city was incorporated in 1837 and it grew rapidly during the 19th century.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/146555/file/270384#t=35.0,75.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/146555/file/270384/annotation_set/1882/annotation/401","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eOrthodox Judaism is a traditional branch of Judaism that strictly follows the written Torah and the oral law concerning prayer, dress, food, sex, family relations, social behavior, the Sabbath day, holidays, and more.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/146555/file/270384#t=35.0,75.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/146555/file/270384/annotation_set/1882/annotation/402","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eChattanooga is a city in Hamilton County, Tennessee. It is located along the Tennessee River, and borders Georgia to the south. Chattanooga was a crucial city during the American Civil War, due to the multiple railroads that converge there. After the war, the railroads allowed for the city to grow into one of the Southeastern United States' largest heavy industrial hubs. Chattanooga remains a transit hub in the present day, served by multiple Interstate highways and railroad lines. Chattanooga is internationally known for the 1941 hit song \"Chattanooga Choo Choo\" by Glenn Miller and his orchestra. It is home to the University of Tennessee at Chattanooga (UTC) and Chattanooga State Community College.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/146555/file/270384#t=35.0,75.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/146555/file/270384/annotation_set/1882/annotation/403","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eEllis Island is an island located in New York Harbor, that is situated between New York and New Jersey. It is owned by the United States government and was the busiest immigrant inspection and processing station in the United States from 1892-1954. Today it is part of the Statue of Liberty National Monument and is now a national museum on immigration.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/146555/file/270384#t=104.0,203.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/146555/file/270384/annotation_set/1882/annotation/404","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eKeinehora\u003c/em\u003e or \u003cem\u003ekeneine\u003c/em\u003e hora is a Yiddish phrase that is said after positive information to ward off the evil eye or bad luck. It can be translated as “God forbid.”\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/146555/file/270384#t=104.0,203.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/146555/file/270384/annotation_set/1882/annotation/405","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eNashville is the capital city of Tennessee and was founded in 1779. It was named for Francis Nash, a general of the Continental Army during the Revolutionary War. The city is home to Vanderbilt University and the legendary country music venues like the Grand Ole Opry, Ryman Auditorium and the Country Music Hall of Fame.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/146555/file/270384#t=104.0,203.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/146555/file/270384/annotation_set/1882/annotation/406","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eDetroit is the largest city in the midwestern state of Michigan in the United States. In the mid and late twentieth century, it was known as an industrial powerhouse and as “Motor City” for its ties to the auto industry. Its location on the Detroit River also made it a major shipping commerce hub. The city entered a significant state of urban decay following the loss of jobs in the auto industry and rapid suburbanization. The population declined significantly, and the city filed for bankruptcy in 2013, successfully exiting in 2014. In recent years, Detroit has been revitalized, being described as a city of renaissance as it successfully reversed the negative trends of prior decades. \u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/146555/file/270384#t=218.0,277.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/146555/file/270384/annotation_set/1882/annotation/407","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eAlso known as Masorti Judaism, Conservative Judaism is a form of Judaism that seeks to preserve Jewish tradition and ritual, but has a more flexible approach to the interpretation of the law than Orthodox Judaism. It attempts to combine a positive attitude toward modern culture, while preserving a commitment to Jewish observance. In general, Conservative congregations also observe gender equality (mixed seating, women rabbis, and bat mitzvah). The governing body for Conservative Judaism in the United States is the United Synagogue of Conservative Judaism (USCJ), formerly known as the United Synagogue of America.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/146555/file/270384#t=400.0,442.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/146555/file/270384/annotation_set/1882/annotation/408","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eChallah\u003c/em\u003e is special Jewish braided bread eaten on Sabbath and Jewish holidays.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/146555/file/270384#t=452.0,531.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/146555/file/270384/annotation_set/1882/annotation/409","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eBabka\u003c/em\u003e, or \u003cem\u003eUgat Shmarim\u003c/em\u003e is a sweet braided bread that originated in the Jewish communities of Poland and Ukraine. It is popular in Israel where it is known as a yeast cake. It is also popular in the Jewish diaspora. It is prepared with a yeast-leavened dough that is rolled out and spread with a filling such as chocolate, cinnamon, fruit, or cheese, then rolled up and braided before baking. \u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/146555/file/270384#t=452.0,531.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/146555/file/270384/annotation_set/1882/annotation/410","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eKashrut\u003c/em\u003e is a set of dietary laws dealing with the foods that Jews are permitted to eat and how those foods must be prepared according to Jewish law. Food that may be consumed is deemed kosher, from the Ashkenazi pronunciation of the Hebrew term \u003cem\u003ekashér\u003c/em\u003e, meaning \"fit\" (in this context, \"fit for consumption\"). In colloquial English, kosher often means \"legitimate,\" \"acceptable,\" \"permissible,\" \"genuine,\" or \"authentic.\"\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/146555/file/270384#t=452.0,531.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/146555/file/270384/annotation_set/1882/annotation/411","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eSally Cavalier Kaplan (b. 1937) is the oldest child of Sidney and Helen Fine Cavalier. She was born in Atlanta, Georgia and her family was very involved in the Ahavath Achim Synagogue. She is involved in numerous organizations in Atlanta including the Hunger Walk, the Epstein School, and Atlanta Jewish Federation. She was married to Philip Abram Kaplan, and they had three children, Michael, Rebecca, and Elissa.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/146555/file/270384#t=564.0,577.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/146555/file/270384/annotation_set/1882/annotation/412","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eJules Leonard Cavalier (1933-1998) was the second child born to Sidney and Helen Fine Cavalier. He was born in Atlanta, Georgia and his family was very involved in the Ahavath Achim Synagogue. He lived in Atlanta and San Francisco, California.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/146555/file/270384#t=564.0,577.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/146555/file/270384/annotation_set/1882/annotation/413","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eBen Cavalier (b. 1945) is the youngest child of Sidney and Helen Fine Cavalier. He was born in Atlanta, Georgia and his family was very involved in the Ahavath Achim Synagogue. When he was three years old, he contracted polio and survived despite complications that impacted mobility in his arms. He attended Trinity Schools of the South and the University of Georgia.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/146555/file/270384#t=564.0,577.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/146555/file/270384/annotation_set/1882/annotation/414","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eMinnie Fine Sherman (1905-1988) was one of nine children born to Jacob and Ethel Friedman Fine. She was born in Mississippi and grew up in Chattanooga, Tennessee. She was married to Jacob Sherman and they had two daughters, Reene Weinstein and Marilyn Center, and seven grandchildren. \u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/146555/file/270384#t=588.0,599.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/146555/file/270384/annotation_set/1882/annotation/415","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eSidney Lazarus Fine (1913-2003) was one of nine children born to Jacob and Ethel Friedman Fine. He was born and raised in Chattanooga, Tennessee. He served in the US Army during World War II and was the owner-operator of a pet grooming store. \u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/146555/file/270384#t=588.0,599.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/146555/file/270384/annotation_set/1882/annotation/416","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eLas Vegas, sometimes known as Sin City or simply Vegas, is the most populous city in the U.S. state of Nevada and the seat of Clark County. The Las Vegas Valley metropolitan area is the largest within the greater Mojave Desert and the second-largest in the Southwestern United States. Las Vegas is an internationally renowned major resort city, known primarily for its gambling, shopping, fine dining, entertainment, and nightlife, with most venues centered on downtown Las Vegas and the Las Vegas Strip just outside city limits. The Las Vegas Valley as a whole serves as the leading financial, commercial, and cultural center for Nevada. \u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/146555/file/270384#t=588.0,599.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/146555/file/270384/annotation_set/1882/annotation/417","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eAbe Irving Fine (1907-1993) was one of nine children born to Jacob and Ethel Friedman Fine. He served in the Navy during World War II. In 1950, he married Rosalee Pitter and they had one daughter, Judy. \u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/146555/file/270384#t=588.0,599.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/146555/file/270384/annotation_set/1882/annotation/418","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eLos Angeles, California is located southern California. It’s the state’s largest city and the second largest city in the United States. It has long been known as the center of the United States film and television industry.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/146555/file/270384#t=588.0,599.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/146555/file/270384/annotation_set/1882/annotation/419","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eA \u003cem\u003ebar mitzvah\u003c/em\u003e [Hebrew: son of commandments; plural: \u003cem\u003eb’nai mitzvah\u003c/em\u003e] is a rite of passage for Jewish boys aged 13 years and one day. At that time, a Jewish boy is considered a responsible adult for most religious purposes. He is now duty-bound to keep the commandments, he puts on \u003cem\u003etefillin\u003c/em\u003e, and may be counted to the \u003cem\u003eminyan quorum\u003c/em\u003e for public worship. He celebrates the \u003cem\u003ebar mitzvah\u003c/em\u003e by being called up to the reading of the \u003cem\u003eTorah\u003c/em\u003e in the synagogue, usually on the next available Sabbath after his Hebrew birthday.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/146555/file/270384#t=602.0,619.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/146555/file/270384/annotation_set/1882/annotation/420","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eAdolf Hitler (1889-1945) was a German politician who was the leader of the Nazi Party, Chancellor of Germany from 1933 to 1945, and Führer (“leader”) of Nazi Germany from 1934 to 1945. As dictator of Nazi Germany, he initiated World War II in Europe with the invasion of Poland in September 1939 and was a central figure of the Holocaust. Hitler applied for entrance into the Academy of Fine Arts in Vienna, Austria twice and was twice rejected, once in 1907 and again in 1908. For the next five years, Hitler struggled to earn money by selling small paintings, mostly images of buildings and other landmarks in Vienna that he copied from postcards. By 1914, Hitler was serving in World War I and would later enter politics. In his autobiographical manifesto, Mein Kampf, Hitler claimed that his antisemitic views formed during his time as a struggling artist in Vienna. His frustrated art career became part of the myth making—by Hitler himself and by his followers—that helped drive his fateful rise to power in Germany. Hitler was drafted for Austrian military service at the beginning of World War I but turned down due to lack of fitness. After moving to Germany, he enlisted as a German soldier in the summer of 1914 and was deployed to Belgium in October. Over the next two years, Hitler served first as an infantryman and then as a private. He won two decorations for bravery, including the Iron Cross First Class and was wounded twice. He was recovering from his second injury when the war ended.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/146555/file/270384#t=698.0,721.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/146555/file/270384/annotation_set/1882/annotation/421","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eWilmington is a port city in North Carolina. It is known as the gateway to Cape Fear Coast beaches. It is located on the southeastern coast of the state. The city was founded in the 1730s and went through a series of name changes before being named Wilmington in 1740, after Spencer Compton, 1st Earl of Wilmington. The area along the river was originally inhabited by various indigenous people.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/146555/file/270384#t=725.0,751.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/146555/file/270384/annotation_set/1882/annotation/422","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eHebrew school can be either the Jewish equivalent of Sunday school (an educational regimen separate from secular education, focusing on topics of Jewish history and learning the Hebrew language), or a primary, secondary, or college level educational institution where some or all of the classes are taught in Hebrew.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/146555/file/270384#t=913.0,959.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/146555/file/270384/annotation_set/1882/annotation/423","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eEthel Schuler Friedman Fine (1880-1936) was born in Russia and immigrated to Mississippi. She married Jacob Fine and moved to Chattanooga, Tennessee. In Chattanooga, she was very active in B'nai Zion Congregation. She and Jacob had nine children.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/146555/file/270384#t=1063.0,1073.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/146555/file/270384/annotation_set/1882/annotation/424","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eJacob Max Fine (1879-1949) was born in Russia and immigrated to Chattanooga, Tennessee. He married Ethel Friedman and raised their family in Chattanooga, where he was in the men's clothing business and active in B'nai Zion Congregation. He and Ethel had nine children. \u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/146555/file/270384#t=1063.0,1073.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/146555/file/270384/annotation_set/1882/annotation/425","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eHadassah, the Women’s Zionist Organization of America, is a volunteer service organization founded in 1912 by Henrietta Szold. It currently has over 300,000 members and supporters worldwide. \u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/146555/file/270384#t=1079.0,1115.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/146555/file/270384/annotation_set/1882/annotation/426","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eA Sisterhood is a group of women in a synagogue congregation who join together to offer social, cultural, educational, and volunteer service opportunities. Its male counterpart is called either a \"Brotherhood\" or a \"Men's Club.\"\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/146555/file/270384#t=1119.0,1127.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/146555/file/270384/annotation_set/1882/annotation/427","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eReform Judaism is a division within Judaism, especially in North America and the United Kingdom. Historically it began in the 19th century. In general, the Reform movement maintains that Judaism and Jewish traditions should be modernized and compatible with participation in Western culture. While the \u003cem\u003eTorah\u003c/em\u003e remains the law, in Reform Judaism women are included (mixed seating, \u003cem\u003ebat mitzvah\u003c/em\u003e, and women rabbis), instrumental music is allowed in the services, and most of the service is in the local language as opposed to Hebrew.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/146555/file/270384#t=1132.0,1168.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/146555/file/270384/annotation_set/1882/annotation/428","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eB'nai Zion Congregation is a Conservative synagogue in Chattanooga, Tennessee. It was started in 1880 by Wolfe Brody and a Tennessee State Charter was issued to the “Brethren from B’nai Chein” in 1888. In 1903, the Hebrew Ladies Aid Society was formed, now known as the B’nai Zion Sisterhood. The Chattanooga Free Hebrew School was established in 1909. The congregation’s name was changed to B’nai Zion in 1924. On October 9, 1961, the congregation’s affiliation was changed from Orthodox to modern Conservative. The ground was broken for the former McBrien Road synagogue on November 4, 1973. B’nai Zion became egalitarian in 1984, allowing women full participation in services. In 2013, Rabbi Susan Tendler became the congregation’s first female Rabbi.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/146555/file/270384#t=1176.0,1186.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/146555/file/270384/annotation_set/1882/annotation/429","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eHanukkah\u003c/em\u003e or \u003cem\u003eChanukah\u003c/em\u003e [Hebrew: dedication] is an eight-day festival of lights usually falling around Christmas on the Christian calendar. \u003cem\u003eHanukkah\u003c/em\u003e celebrates the victory of the Maccabees in 165 BCE over the Seleucid rulers of Palestine, who had desecrated the Temple. The Maccabees wanted to re-dedicate the Temple altar to Jewish worship by rekindling the menorah (ritual candelabra) but could only find one small jar of ritually pure olive oil. This oil continued to burn miraculously for eight days, enabling them to prepare new oil. The \u003cem\u003eHanukkah\u003c/em\u003e \u003cem\u003emenorah\u003c/em\u003e, or \u003cem\u003ehanukiah\u003c/em\u003e, with its nine branches, is used to commemorate this miracle by lighting eight candles, one for each day, with the ninth candle.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/146555/file/270384#t=1200.0,1266.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/146555/file/270384/annotation_set/1882/annotation/430","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003ePesach\u003c/em\u003e [Hebrew: Passover] is the celebration of Israel’s liberation from Egyptian bondage. The holiday lasts for eight days. Unleavened bread, \u003cem\u003ematzo\u003c/em\u003e, is eaten in memory of the unleavened bread prepared by the Israelites during their hasty flight from Egypt, when they had not time to wait for the dough to rise. On the first two nights of Passover, the \u003cem\u003eseder\u003c/em\u003e, the central event of the holiday, is celebrated.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/146555/file/270384#t=1200.0,1266.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/146555/file/270384/annotation_set/1882/annotation/431","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe University of Tennessee at Chattanooga (UT Chattanooga, UTC, or Chattanooga) is a public university in Chattanooga, Tennessee, United States. It was founded in 1886 and is part of the University of Tennessee system.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/146555/file/270384#t=1432.0,1461.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/146555/file/270384/annotation_set/1882/annotation/432","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eSidney Cavalier (1906-1991) was born in Hoboken, New Jersey as Sidney Goldstein. He changed his surname to Cavalier around 1945. He was the owner of Parker’s Snow White Laundry in Atlanta, Georgia. In 1930, he married Helen Fine, and they had three children, Sally, Jules, and Ben. \u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/146555/file/270384#t=1522.0,1542.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/146555/file/270384/annotation_set/1882/annotation/433","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eHoboken is a New Jersey city on the Hudson River. During a surge of European immigration from the end of the 19th century and into the first half of the 20th century, 20 million people immigrated to the United States. Almost half of more than twelve million immigrants who passed through the U.S. immigration portal at Ellis Island, docked in Hoboken first. Hoboken became known as “the port of entry to a continent,” in large part because of the major passenger shipping lines that docked here, including Hamburg-America Packet Company, North German Lloyd Steamship Company, Scandinavian-American Line, and Holland America Line.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/146555/file/270384#t=1545.0,1552.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/146555/file/270384/annotation_set/1882/annotation/434","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe Great Atlanta Fire of 1917 began just after noon on Monday, 21 May 1917 and was finally extinguished by 10 p.m. The fire started in a warehouse at Fort and Decatur Street and rapidly spread. It burned whole blocks of homes so quickly that people couldn't even get anything out of the buildings. Fire fighters came to Atlanta from across the southeast and soldiers arrived to dynamite buildings to try to stop it. The area continued to burn for a week. 300 acres had been burned, 1,938 buildings were destroyed, and 10,000 people were made homeless. Property loss was $5,500,000.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/146555/file/270384#t=1569.0,1651.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/146555/file/270384/annotation_set/1882/annotation/435","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eGeorgia Institute of Technology, which is commonly referred to as Georgia Tech is a public research university and institute of technology in Atlanta. It was founded in 1885 during Reconstruction as part of the plan to build an industrial economy in the post-Civil War South.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/146555/file/270384#t=1569.0,1651.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/146555/file/270384/annotation_set/1882/annotation/436","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eBoys’ High School was founded in 1924. It later merged with Tech High and became coeducational and became known as Henry W. Grady High School. It is part of the Atlanta Public School System. It has had many notable alumni, including S. Truett Cathy, the founder of Chick-fil-A. It is located in Midtown Atlanta. In 2020, the Atlanta School Board voted to rename the school “Midtown High School” beginning in the 2021-2022 school year.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/146555/file/270384#t=1569.0,1651.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/146555/file/270384/annotation_set/1882/annotation/437","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eCommercial High School began as a department of Girls’ High School in 1889 for girls who wanted to learn business skills. They taught bookkeeping, typing, math and history. It expanded to a four-story brick building on Pryor Street, and in 1910 became Atlanta’s first coed high school. It closed in June 1947.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/146555/file/270384#t=1569.0,1651.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/146555/file/270384/annotation_set/1882/annotation/438","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eCity of Hope is a private, non-profit clinical research center, hospital, and graduate school located in Duarte, California with a network of clinical practice locations throughout Southern California, satellite offices in Monrovia and Irwindale, and regional fundraising offices throughout the United States. City of Hope is best known as a cancer treatment center. City of Hope played a role in the development of synthetic human insulin in 1978. The City of Hope Cancer Center Atlanta is located in Newnan, Georgia and provides cancer treatment, diagnosis, screening, and other services.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/146555/file/270384#t=1931.0,2032.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/146555/file/270384/annotation_set/1882/annotation/439","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe Brandeis University National Women's Committee is the largest \"friends of a library\" group in the world with 48,000 members nationwide. A volunteer fundraising organization, it has contributed more than $58 million in support of the libraries of Brandeis University, Waltham, Massachusetts. Chapters are located in more than 105 communities nationwide.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/146555/file/270384#t=1931.0,2032.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/146555/file/270384/annotation_set/1882/annotation/440","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eRabbi Harry Hyman Epstein (1903-2003) served as rabbi of Ahavath Achim Synagogue in Atlanta, Georgia from 1928 to 1982, when he became rabbi emeritus. Under Rabbi Epstein, the formerly Orthodox congregation began to shift to Conservative Judaism, and officially joined the United Synagogue of America (now the United Synagogue of Conservative Judaism), in 1952.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/146555/file/270384#t=2112.0,2190.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/146555/file/270384/annotation_set/1882/annotation/441","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eReva (Rebecca) Chashesman Epstein (1905-2001) was the well-educated daughter of an Orthodox rabbi. She was born in Poland, raised in Russia, and her family immigrated to Chicago, Illinois from Poland after World War I. She earned degrees from the University of Chicago and Sorbonne University in Paris, France. In 1929, she married Rabbi Harry Epstein, and they moved to Atlanta where Rabbi Epstein was the leader of Ahavath Achim Synagogue. In Atlanta, she became a regional education chairman for Hadassah and founded a women's study group at the synagogue. Reva and Harry had two daughters, Renana Lavin and Davida Weiss.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/146555/file/270384#t=2112.0,2190.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/146555/file/270384/annotation_set/1882/annotation/442","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eMary Heiman Dwoskin (1907-1983) was an Atlanta native. She attended Girls High School and Atlanta Normal Training School. She was an elementary school teacher at Formwalt and Kirkridge school. She founded the Ahavath Achim nursery school and served as the director for 20 years. She was a member of Hadassah and Brandeis University Women. She also served on the board of the Jewish Home in Atlanta. She and her husband, Harry had a son and two daughters.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/146555/file/270384#t=2112.0,2190.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/146555/file/270384/annotation_set/1882/annotation/443","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eIrving Max Galanty (1906-1979) was born in Atlanta, Georgia to Ellis and Dora Galanty. He was a member of Ahavath Achim Synagogue. He married Fannye Heiman Galanty in 1933, and they had two daughters.           \u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/146555/file/270384#t=2112.0,2190.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/146555/file/270384/annotation_set/1882/annotation/444","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eShearith Israel was established 1891 in Columbus, Georgia. The name was chartered as “Chevro Saris Israel.” In 1950 the name was officially changed to Shearith Israel Synagogue. The original building was on the corner of 7th Street and 1st Avenue in downtown Columbus. In 1951 the congregation moved to a new synagogue on Wynnton Road. In 2007 the building was sold. In 2013 the congregation moved to its current home on River Road. (2021) The rabbi of the Conservative congregation is Brian Glusman.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/146555/file/270384#t=2194.0,2224.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/146555/file/270384/annotation_set/1882/annotation/445","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe Temple, or “Hebrew Benevolent Congregation,” is Atlanta’s oldest Jewish congregation. The cornerstone was laid on the Temple on Garnett Street in 1875. The dedication was held in 1877 and the Temple was located there until 1902. The Temple’s next location on Pryor Street was dedicated in 1902. The Temple’s current location in Midtown on Peachtree Street was dedicated in 1931. The main sanctuary is on the National Register of Historic Places. The Reform congregation now totals approximately 1500 families. As of 2022, its Senior Rabbi is Peter S. Berg.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/146555/file/270384#t=2194.0,2224.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/146555/file/270384/annotation_set/1882/annotation/446","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eBeth Jacob is an Orthodox synagogue on LaVista Road in Atlanta founded in 1942 by former members of Ahavath Achim who were looking for a more Orthodox congregation. Beth Jacob is now Atlanta’s largest Orthodox congregation. The congregation first met in a rented grocery store on Parkway Drive. It moved to a permanent location on Boulevard when it purchased and renovated a two-story apartment building. In 1956, it converted the Tabernacle Baptist Church on Boulevard to a synagogue. It built its current synagogue building on a five-acre lot on LaVista Road in 1961. Rabbi Joseph Safra was the congregation’s first permanent rabbi in 1951, followed by Rabbi Emanuel Feldman from 1952 to 1991. Rabbi Ilan Feldman has been the congregation’s Senior Rabbi since his father Emanuel’s retirement in 1991.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/146555/file/270384#t=2194.0,2224.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/146555/file/270384/annotation_set/1882/annotation/447","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eJewish Federation of Greater Atlanta is a regional branch of Jewish Federations of North America. It is an organization that focuses on serving the Atlanta Jewish community through philanthropic endeavors such as supporting infrastructure, including schools and synagogues. Federation supports the Jewish community but also welcomes people of various backgrounds, including interfaith, LGBT+, and multiracial people and families.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/146555/file/270384#t=2234.0,2269.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/146555/file/270384/annotation_set/1882/annotation/448","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe Progressive Club was a Jewish social organization in Atlanta, Georgia. It was established in 1913 by Russian Jews who felt unwelcome at the Standard Club, where German Jews were predominant. At first the club was located in a rented house until a new club was built on Pryor Street including a swimming pool and a gym. In 1940 the club opened a larger facility at 1050 Techwood Drive in Midtown with three swimming pools, tennis, and softball. In 1976 the club moved north to 1160 Moore’s Mill Road near Interstate 75. The property was eventually sold to the YMCA as the club faced financial challenges. The Carl E. Sanders Family YMCA at Buckhead, which stands on the former site of the Progressive Club, opened in 1996.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/146555/file/270384#t=2318.0,2325.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/146555/file/270384/annotation_set/1882/annotation/449","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe Standard Club is a Jewish social club that started as the “Concordia Association” in 1867 in Downtown Atlanta. In 1905, it was reorganized as the “Standard Club” and moved into the former mansion of William C. Sanders near the site of Center Parc Credit Union Stadium (formerly Turner Field). In the late 1920s the club moved to Ponce de Leon Avenue in Midtown Atlanta. Later, the club moved to what is now the Lenox Park business park and was located there until 1983. In the 1980s, the club moved to its present location in Johns Creek in Atlanta’s northern suburbs.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/146555/file/270384#t=2325.0,2358.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/146555/file/270384/annotation_set/1882/annotation/450","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe Mayfair Club opened in 1938 at 1456 Spring Street in Midtown Atlanta and was a focal point of Jewish life in the city for more than 25 years.  The club was founded in 1930 and first met at the Biltmore Hotel. The club was visited by Eleanor Roosevelt, Israeli Prime Minister Golda Meir, mayors Ivan Allen and William Berry Hartsfield, senators Herman Talmadge and Richard Russell, and Governor Carl Sanders.  Fire destroyed the Mayfair Club on December 4, 1964.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/146555/file/270384#t=2325.0,2358.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/146555/file/270384/annotation_set/1882/annotation/451","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe Atlanta Jewish Community Center was officially founded in 1910, as the Jewish Educational Alliance. In the late 1940's it evolved into the Atlanta Jewish Community Center and moved to Peachtree Street. It stayed there until 1998, when the building was sold and the center moved to the suburb of Dunwoody. In 2000, it was renamed the “Marcus Jewish Community Center of Atlanta.”\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/146555/file/270384#t=2359.0,2415.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/146555/file/270384/annotation_set/1882/annotation/452","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003ePiedmont Park is a 189-acre park located just north of downtown Atlanta. It was originally designed by Joseph Forsyth Johnson to host the first Piedmont Exhibition in 1887.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/146555/file/270384#t=2359.0,2415.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/146555/file/270384/annotation_set/1882/annotation/453","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eBarney Medintz (1910-1960) was a Jewish leader both nationally and locally in Atlanta. He was one of the national leaders of the United Jewish Appeal and the Israel Bond Organization. He was also vice-president of the National Community Relations Advisory Council, vice-president of the Council of Jewish Federations and Welfare Funds and a former member of the executive committee of the American Jewish Committee. Locally, he was president of the Atlanta Jewish Community Center and past president of the Atlanta Jewish Community Council and the Atlanta Bureau of Jewish Education. He was also president of the Southeast Regional Council of Jewish Federations and Welfare Funds. Medintz graduated from Northwestern University at Evanston, Illinois where he was a star basketball player. He came to Atlanta after he graduated to become a recreation director at the Jewish Educational Alliance. In 1936, Barney married Dorothy Davis. Camp Barney Medintz, a Jewish camp in Cleveland, Georgia, is named in his honor.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/146555/file/270384#t=2421.0,2436.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/146555/file/270384/annotation_set/1882/annotation/454","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eRita Goldstein Wolfson (1926-2017) was the oldest child of Ollie and Bertha Atlas. She grew up in Washington D.C. She was a Jewish and civic community leader, as well as an artist. She served as co-chair of the UJA North America World Assembly in 1982 and was recipient of the Woman of Valor award from the Friends of Hebrew University. Rita was a member of Ahavath Achim synagogue for over 50 years. She married Dr. Marvin Goldstein, who was an orthodontist, and they had three sons and two daughters. Marvin passed away in 1997 and she later remarried Harold Wolfson.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/146555/file/270384#t=2443.0,2523.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/146555/file/270384/annotation_set/1882/annotation/455","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eSylvia Goldstein Breman (1911-1992) was born in Rochester, New York to Abe and Henrietta Goldstein. Sylvia attended Connecticut College for Women (known as \"Connecticut College\" since 1969). When the Great Depression began, she transferred to the University of Rochester in New York.  She later enrolled in the Rochester Business Institute. Sylvia met her husband, M. William (Bill) Breman, at Temple B'rith Kodesh. The couple married in 1934 and moved to Atlanta, Georgia. Sylvia was a member of the Temple Sisterhood and other Jewish organizations including Brandeis Women, National Council of Jewish Women, and Atlanta Jewish Federation. She and Bill had two children, Carol and James.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/146555/file/270384#t=2443.0,2523.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/146555/file/270384/annotation_set/1882/annotation/456","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eAbe Goldstein (1889-1982) was a business and Jewish community leader. He was active in Ahavath Achim and Israel Bonds, the Anti-Defamation League, the Atlanta Jewish Welfare Federation and many other community causes. He founded Prior Tire Company in 1920 and remained active in the business throughout his life. He also served as a member of the Georgia Governors staff under three different administrations. In 1966, the Anti-Defamation League Southeast Region began awarding the Abe Goldstein Human Relations Award to honor community involvement.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/146555/file/270384#t=2528.0,2646.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/146555/file/270384/annotation_set/1882/annotation/457","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eIsrael Bonds/Bonds for Israel is also known as Development Corporation for Israel (DCI). DCI is the United States underwriter of debt securities issued by the State of Israel. In the 1951, the Israeli government began issuing bonds that could be purchased by investors to help the newly formed state of Israel. The American Jewish community was initially some of the biggest investors in the program because they were looking for ways to support Israel’s fledging economy. Over time the program has grown, and numerous private and institutional investors have come to participate in the program. Between 1951 and 2022 the total sale of bonds worldwide has exceeded $48 billion.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/146555/file/270384#t=2528.0,2646.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/146555/file/270384/annotation_set/1882/annotation/458","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eFrank Garson (1886-1955) was an Atlanta businessman and philanthropist. He founded the Lovable Company, manufacturing lingerie and brassieres. He was born Frank Gottesman and later changed his name to Garson. Garson was active in the United Palestine Appeal, the Jewish National Fund, the Jewish Welfare Board and the Anti-Defamation League of B'nai B'rith.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/146555/file/270384#t=2528.0,2646.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/146555/file/270384/annotation_set/1882/annotation/459","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eA.J. Weinberg (Abraham Joseph) (1886-1975) was one of the founding partners and builders of the Atlanta Linen Supply Company, which was launched in August 1918 by Isadore M. Weinstein. Over the years the business grew into the National Linen Service Corporation. By 1947 National Linen had plants all over the United States and nearly 5,000 employees. National Linen acquired Zep Manufacturing and began to acquire other businesses. In 1962 National Linen changed its name to National Service Industries, and in the following years became a holding company for a wide variety of companies. One example of A.J. Weinberg’s generosity to the Atlanta Jewish community has resulted in the Lillian and A.J. Weinberg Center for Holocaust Education at the William Breman Jewish Heritage Museum. \u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/146555/file/270384#t=2528.0,2646.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/146555/file/270384/annotation_set/1882/annotation/460","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eRichard Sise Tufts (1896-1980) was a notable figure in American golf in the mid-20th century. He was born in Medford, Massachusetts, grew up in Massachusetts, and attended Harvard. He served in World War I. He wrote several books about golf and, in 1992, he was inducted into the World Golf Hall of Fame.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/146555/file/270384#t=2528.0,2646.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/146555/file/270384/annotation_set/1882/annotation/461","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eGussie Fox Garson (born Golde Fuchs) (1888-1970) was an active member of the Atlanta Jewish Community, serving in numerous organizations. She was born in Austria and immigrated to New York as a child, eventually moving to Atlanta with her husband Frank Garson. She served as chairman of Federation and as an officer in Hadassah, Brandeis University National Women's Committee, and the William Breman Jewish Home. She received a distinguished service award for 15 continuous years of service to the USO. Garson and her husband had three children. \u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/146555/file/270384#t=2657.0,2744.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/146555/file/270384/annotation_set/1882/annotation/462","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eIsadore Milton “I.M.” Weinstein (1887-1954) was an Atlanta businessman who was born in New York City and raised in Cleveland, Ohio. In 1919, he founded the National Linen Supply Company, which expanded and eventually grew into National Service Industries.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/146555/file/270384#t=2750.0,2785.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/146555/file/270384/annotation_set/1882/annotation/463","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eJoseph Benjamin Jacobs (1887-1965) immigrated as a child from Lithuania to Atlanta, Georgia. He purchased a substantial interest in the Southern Linen Service in 1922. He joined Isadore. M. (I.M.) Weinstein and Abraham J. Weinberg as partners in the Atlanta Linen Supply Company and in 1928 the National Linen Service Corporation was formed, which ultimately became National Service Industries. With his brothers Hyman S. Jacobs and Edward Jacob Jacobs, he operated several other business ventures under the corporation name of Joseph Thompson Company in Georgia, and Joseph Thompson Liquot Company in Alabama (beer, wholesale whiskies, candy, silk, and nails and tacks). He was a member of Ahavath Achim Synagogue, The Temple, the Standard Club, the Progressive Club, and a prominent fundraiser for Israel Bonds campaigns in Atlanta.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/146555/file/270384#t=2750.0,2785.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/146555/file/270384/annotation_set/1882/annotation/464","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eMax C. (Mike) Gettinger (1911-2000) forged a life-long career in Jewish social services in both the United States and Israel. He became the executive director of the Atlanta Jewish Federation in 1962, a post he kept until 1982. During his leadership, the Federation experienced tremendous growth and re-organization. Gettinger authored the book \u003cem\u003eComing of Age: the Atlanta Jewish Federation\u003c/em\u003e, 1962-1982 which was published in 1994. \u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/146555/file/270384#t=2750.0,2785.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/146555/file/270384/annotation_set/1882/annotation/465","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eORT (Association for the Promotion of Skilled Trades) is a non-profit global Jewish organization that promotes education and training in communities worldwide. It was founded at the end of the eighteenth century in 1880 in Saint Petersburg, Russia. Active in over 100 countries, today, ORT is the world’s largest Jewish education and vocational training NGO (Non-Governmental Organization). It has now evolved to provide 21st century technology to Jewish communities worldwide. The ORT America Atlanta/Southeast Region hosts various events and activities to raise funds to further ORT’s mission.  Rabbi Harry H. Epstein founded the Atlanta ORT chapter in 1970.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/146555/file/270384#t=2791.0,2866.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/146555/file/270384/annotation_set/1882/annotation/466","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003ePolio is a highly infectious viral disease that mainly affects the nerves in the spinal cord or brain stem. Polio can lead to paralysis, trouble breathing or death. A vaccine for the disease was developed by Jonas Salk in 1955.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/146555/file/270384#t=2791.0,2866.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/146555/file/270384/annotation_set/1882/annotation/467","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe American Cancer Society is a voluntary health organization that aims to eliminate cancer and improve the lives of people with cancer and their families. It was founded in 1913 and is headquartered in Atlanta, Georgia. \u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/146555/file/270384#t=2867.0,2900.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/146555/file/270384/annotation_set/1882/annotation/468","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eMarch of Dimes is a United States nonprofit organization that works to improve the health of mothers and babies. The organization was founded by US President Franklin D. Roosevelt in 1938, as the National Foundation for Infantile Paralysis, to combat polio. The name \"March of Dimes\" was coined by Eddie Cantor as a pun on the newsreel series The March of Time. After funding Jonas Salk's polio vaccine, the organization expanded its focus to the prevention of birth defects and infant mortality. In 2005, as preterm birth emerged as the leading cause of death for children worldwide, research and prevention of premature birth became the organization's primary focus.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/146555/file/270384#t=2927.0,2971.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/146555/file/270384/annotation_set/1882/annotation/469","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe American Heart Association (AHA) is a nonprofit organization in the United States that funds cardiovascular medical research, educates consumers on healthy living and fosters appropriate cardiac care in an effort to reduce disability and deaths caused by cardiovascular disease and stroke. Originally formed in Chicago in 1924, the American Heart Association is currently headquartered in Dallas, Texas.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/146555/file/270384#t=2927.0,2971.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/146555/file/270384/annotation_set/1882/annotation/470","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eBoston, Massachusetts is the capital and largest city in the Commonwealth of Massachusetts. The city was founded in 1630 by Puritan settlers. During the American Revolution, the city was the location of various key events including the Boston Tea Party, the Boston Massacre, and the siege of Boston.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/146555/file/270384#t=3008.0,3055.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/146555/file/270384/annotation_set/1882/annotation/471","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eMacon, Georgia is located in central Georgia. It is officially known as Macon-Bibb County, a consolidated city-county. The city was settled on what was originally the site of the Ocmulgee Old Fields, where the Creek Indian lived in the 18th century. In 1809, Fort Benjamin Hawkins was built on what would officially become Macon in 1823. During the Civil War, the city was spared by Union General William Tecumseh Sherman on his march to sea.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/146555/file/270384#t=3109.0,3146.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/146555/file/270384/annotation_set/1882/annotation/472","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eBirmingham is located in the north central part of the southern state of Alabama. It is the county seat of Jefferson county and the most populous city in the state. During the Civil Rights Movement of the 1950s and 1960s, the city received national and international attention. In 1963, local civil right activist Fred Shuttlesworth asked Martin Luther King Jr. and the Southern Christian Conference to come to the city to help end segregation. Their effort was known as Project C (Confrontation) and specifically attacked the Jim Crow systems that existed in the city. The sit-ins and mass marches were organized and lead to 3,000 arrests, but eventually lead to desegregation in the city and helped with the Civil Rights Act of 1964. Dr. King was among those arrested and jailed. During his time in jail, he wrote his famous Letter from Birmingham Jail. Birmingham was also the site of the 16th Street Baptist Church bombing in 1963, which killed four young black girls.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/146555/file/270384#t=3109.0,3146.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/146555/file/270384/annotation_set/1882/annotation/473","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eMontgomery is the capital city of the state of Alabama. The city was founded in 1819 and was named for Continental Army General Richard Montgomery. During the Civil War, the city was the first capital of the Confederate States of America until the capital was moved to Richmond, Viriginia. During the Civil War Movement, the city was center of various events including the Montgomery bus boycott and the Selma to Montgomery marches.  \u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/146555/file/270384#t=3109.0,3146.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/146555/file/270384/annotation_set/1882/annotation/474","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eMiami is a city located in south Florida on the coast of the Atlantic Ocean. It is the second largest city in Florida and the county seat of Miami-Dade County.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/146555/file/270384#t=3238.0,3316.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/146555/file/270384/annotation_set/1882/annotation/475","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eAn iron lung is a type of negative pressure ventilator. It is a mechanical respirator that encloses most of a person’s body and assists breathing when muscle control is lost. It was widely used for diseases such as polio and certain poisons. It was widely used during the polio outbreak in the 1940s and 1950s. Today, iron lungs are largely obsolete due to modern medicine development of new therapies.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/146555/file/270384#t=3238.0,3316.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/146555/file/270384/annotation_set/1882/annotation/476","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eWarm Springs is located in Meriwether County Georgia. The community first gained prominence in the 19th century because of its mineral springs. After Franklin Roosevelt contracted polio, he visited Warm Spring in 1924 to bath and exercise in the warm water to regain his strength. For the next 20 years, he was a frequent visitor to the community. In 1932, he had a cottage built that became famous as the Little White House. In 1945, he died while on vacation in Warm Springs. The community is still home to the Roosevelt Warm Springs Institute for Rehabilitation.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/146555/file/270384#t=3238.0,3316.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/146555/file/270384/annotation_set/1882/annotation/477","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eDr. Joseph Yampolsky (1892 -1978), also known as “Dr. Yam,” was a board member of the Atlanta Jewish Educational Alliance (JEA) and a leader in the Georgia Chapter of the American Association of Pediatricians.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/146555/file/270384#t=3326.0,3631.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/146555/file/270384/annotation_set/1882/annotation/478","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003ePneumonia is an infection of the lungs cause mild to severe illness. Today pneumonia is treated with antibiotics and in some cases pneumonia can be prevented with vaccines.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/146555/file/270384#t=3326.0,3631.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/146555/file/270384/annotation_set/1882/annotation/479","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eJackson Memorial Hospital was founded in 1918 in Miami, Florida. It is a non-profit hospital that is the primary teaching hospital of the University of Miami. It is the largest hospital in the United States with 1,547 beds.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/146555/file/270384#t=3326.0,3631.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/146555/file/270384/annotation_set/1882/annotation/480","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eMeningitis is an infection and swelling of the fluid and membranes around the brain and spinal cord, called meninges. The inflammation from meningitis most often triggers symptoms such as headache, fever and a stiff neck. \u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/146555/file/270384#t=3326.0,3631.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/146555/file/270384/annotation_set/1882/annotation/481","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eFranklin Delano Roosevelt (1882-1945) was the 32nd President of the United States and a central figure in world events during the mid-twentieth century, leading the United States through a time of worldwide economic crisis and war. Popularly known as “FDR,” he collapsed and died in his home in Warm Springs, Georgia just a few months before the end of World War II. He was a Democrat. FDR was an avid horseback rider and enjoyed an active early life. He was diagnosed with infantile paralysis, better known as polio, in 1921, at the age of 39. Despite permanent paralysis from the waist down, he was careful never to be seen using his wheelchair in public, and great care was taken to prevent any portrayal in the press that would highlight his disability.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/146555/file/270384#t=3326.0,3631.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/146555/file/270384/annotation_set/1882/annotation/482","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eRabbi David Hillel Auerbach (1938-2016) was a graduate of McGill University and ordained by the Jewish Theological Seminary. He held pulpits at Shaar Shalom in Chomedy, Quebec, Ahavath Achim Synagogue in Atlanta and Beth David in Miami, before founding the Bet Shira Congregation in Pinecrest, where he was the Rabbi until his retirement in 2005 and continued as Rabbi Emeritus until his passing in 2016.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/146555/file/270384#t=3777.0,3833.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/146555/file/270384/annotation_set/1882/annotation/483","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eEmory University Hospital was opened in 1904 and was originally housed in a downtown Atlanta mansion that had be spared by General Sherman during the Civil War. In November 1922, it was moved to its current location in DeKalb County near the Emory University campus. The hospital has grown to a 733-bed facility that is staffed by the Emory University School of Medicine faculty.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/146555/file/270384#t=3856.0,4135.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/146555/file/270384/annotation_set/1882/annotation/484","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eIra Jarrell (1896-1972) was born Helen Ira Jarrell in Meriwether County, Georgia. She began her career as an elementary schoolteacher in Atlanta, Georgia in 1916 and was superintendent of the Atlanta Public School System from 1932 to 1960. She retired when she was accused of resisting desegregation and racial equality in the school system in 1960. She became director of curriculum development section of Georgia State Department of Education from 1960 to 1967.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/146555/file/270384#t=3856.0,4135.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/146555/file/270384/annotation_set/1882/annotation/485","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eMorris Brandon Elementary School is an Atlanta Public Schools (APS) elementary school with two campuses in the Buckhead area of Atlanta, Georgia. It was founded in 1947 and named after local business leader Morris Brandon. \u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/146555/file/270384#t=3856.0,4135.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/146555/file/270384/annotation_set/1882/annotation/486","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eMargaret Mitchell Elementary School was an Atlanta Public Schools elementary school located on Margaret Mitchell Drive in the Margaret Mitchell neighborhood of Atlanta, Georgia. Morris Brandon Primary School now operates at the previous site of the Margaret Mitchell Elementary School.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/146555/file/270384#t=3856.0,4135.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/146555/file/270384/annotation_set/1882/annotation/487","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eDouglasville, Georgia is the county seat of Douglas County and located approximately 20 miles west of Atlanta. The city was founded in 1874 when the railroad was constructed in the area. The community was named for Senator Stephen A. Douglas of Illinois.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/146555/file/270384#t=4288.0,4469.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/146555/file/270384/annotation_set/1882/annotation/488","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eJonas Edward Salk (1914-1995), a native of New York City, was an American medical researcher and virologist. He discovered and developed one of the first successful polio vaccines. After a field test with 1,800,000 children, the vaccine's success was made public in 1955.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/146555/file/270384#t=4288.0,4469.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/146555/file/270384/annotation_set/1882/annotation/489","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe Atlanta Paper Company was originally founded as the Elsas May Paper Company in 1868, by German immigrant Jacob Elsas and his partner, Isaac May. In 1886, the company was purchased by Isaac Liebmann, who changed the name to Atlanta Paper Company. Liebmann’s son-in-law, Arthur L. Harris, later took over the company, and by World War II, his son, also named Arthur L. Harris, was acting as president. In 1950, the successful company built a 275,000 square foot plant at 950 West Marietta Street in Atlanta, Georgia. In 1957, the company was acquired by the Mead Paper Company.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/146555/file/270384#t=4473.0,4546.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/146555/file/270384/annotation_set/1882/annotation/490","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eSimon Selig (Sr.) founded Selig Chemical Company in 1896, after working as a sales representative for West Chemical Corporation in New York. Originally Selig Chemicals manufactured and sold home cleaning products (soaps, dispensers, disinfectant, etc.), insecticides and other consumer goods. In 1968 ZEP purchased Selig Industries and today it manufactures cleaning products and programs to the industrial and institutional markets. \u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/146555/file/270384#t=4473.0,4546.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/146555/file/270384/annotation_set/1882/annotation/491","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eBenjamin Joseph Massell, Sr. (1886-1962) was a civic and community leader in both the Jewish and general communities of Atlanta. In the early 1900s, he and his two brothers, Sam and Levi, founded the Massell Realty Company, which had a hand in the development and sale of several landmark properties in Atlanta. Civic leader Ivan Allen, Sr., was known to say, “Sherman burned Atlanta and Ben Massell built it back.” Ben Massell was the uncle of former Atlanta mayor Samuel A. Massell, Jr.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/146555/file/270384#t=4552.0,4606.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/146555/file/270384/annotation_set/1882/annotation/492","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eJoe Gerson (1917-1996) was born in Atlanta, Georgia. He graduated from the University of Georgia and was an insurance agent with Equitable Life Insurance. He served as past president and executive director of the Georgia Sports Hall of Fame and he served as Trustee of the University of Georgia Student Educational Fund. He was a member of the Ahavath Achim Congregation. He was married to Evelyn Lipsius, and they had three children. \u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/146555/file/270384#t=4552.0,4606.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/146555/file/270384/annotation_set/1882/annotation/493","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eGail Solomon (b. 1942) is a member of Ahavath Achim Synagogue and actively involved in the Atlanta Jewish community. She has volunteered at Grady Hospital’s newborn intensive care unit and is involved with the March of Dimes. She ushered at the Fox Theatre for years and has volunteered at the Georgia Aquarium for a decade. Solomon chairs a quarterly blood drive at Ahavath Achim, where she also started the Mature Active Adult Community for women and men aged 65 and older.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/146555/file/270384#t=4552.0,4606.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/146555/file/270384/annotation_set/1882/annotation/494","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eTzedakah\u003c/em\u003e [Hebrew: philanthropy and charity] is an ethical obligation that the \u003cem\u003eTorah\u003c/em\u003e mandates, also known as a \u003cem\u003emitzvah\u003c/em\u003e. Many Jews give \u003cem\u003etzedakah\u003c/em\u003e before Shabbat and festivals (such as \u003cem\u003ePurim\u003c/em\u003e and \u003cem\u003eShavuot\u003c/em\u003e). Its intention is to show the Jewish people's determination to improve the world.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/146555/file/270384#t=4619.0,4630.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/146555/file/270384/annotation_set/1882/annotation/495","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe American Cancer Society Reach To Recovery program connects newly diagnosed breast cancer patients with volunteers who are breast cancer survivors. The volunteers offer non-medical, peer support over the phone, online, or through in-person meetings. They help patients deal with practical and emotional issues, which enables them to cope with their disease, treatment, and long-term survivorship issues.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/146555/file/270384#t=4646.0,4655.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/146555/file/270384/annotation_set/1882/annotation/496","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eRadical surgery, also called radical dissection, is a surgery used to treat cancer that usually involves removing a tumor along with surrounding tissues and structures (such as lymph nodes) that may contain cancer.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/146555/file/270384#t=4655.0,4864.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/146555/file/270384/annotation_set/1882/annotation/497","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003ePiedmont Atlanta Hospital was founded in 1906 as the Piedmont Sanitarium. As of 2021, it is a 643-bed, non-profit hospital located on Peachtree Road in Buckhead.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/146555/file/270384#t=4655.0,4864.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/146555/file/270384/annotation_set/1882/annotation/498","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eWest Paces Ferry Hospital was a hospital located on Howell Mill Road in Atlanta, Georgia. It opened in 1967 and the name was later changed to West Paces Medical Center. The hospital closed in 1999. \u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/146555/file/270384#t=4655.0,4864.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/146555/file/270384/annotation_set/1882/annotation/499","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe American Red Cross (ARC) is a humanitarian organization that provides emergency assistance, disaster relief and education in the United States. It is the designated United States affiliate of the International Federation of Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies. The ARC was founded in 1881 by Clara Barton.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/146555/file/270384#t=4998.0,5001.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/146555/file/270384/annotation_set/1882/annotation/500","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe William Breman Jewish Home is a nursing home in Atlanta providing short and long-term dementia, Alzheimer’s, and nursing care. Formerly the Jewish Home, it first opened in 1951 at 260 14th Street, NW, on land that had been donated by real estate developer Ben J. Massell. The Home’s growth called for a larger, updated facility, leading to the construction of a new building at 3150 Howell Mill Road, NW. The second Jewish Home opened on February 16, 1971. In 1991, it was renamed the William Breman Jewish Home to honor and recognize its third president, Bill Breman, as the prime motivator of the modern-day facility.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/146555/file/270384#t=5001.0,5054.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/146555/file/270384/annotation_set/1882/annotation/501","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe Myrtle Wreath Award is a prestigious award given by Hadassah, The Women's Zionist Organization of America, to people who have made significant contributions to Jewish life in politics, diplomacy, science, the arts, or organization work. It is considered Hadassah's highest honor. \u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/146555/file/270384#t=5063.0,5065.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/146555/file/270384/annotation_set/1882/annotation/502","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe Jewish National Fund (JNF) is a non-profit organization founded in 1901 to purchase land for Jewish settlements. Since its founding, JNF has evolved into a global environmental organization by planting more than 250,000,000 trees, building over 240 reservoirs and dams, developing over 250,000 acres of land, creating more than 2,000 parks, providing the infrastructure for over 1,000 communities, and connecting children and young adults to Israel and their heritage. \u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/146555/file/270384#t=5066.0,5119.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/146555/file/270384/annotation_set/1882/annotation/503","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eGeorgia native Dr. Noah N. Langdale (1921-2008) was president of Georgia State University in Atlanta from 1957 to 1988. A one-time University of Alabama football star, he is credited with developing Georgia State from a two-building college to a major urban university in the heart of Atlanta. Langdale was 37 when he left his law practice in Valdosta, Georgia to head up Georgia State University, then a college with 5,200 students offering only one degree, in business. When he retired, the university had more than 22,000 students and offered 50 degrees in more than 200 fields.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/146555/file/270384#t=5125.0,5141.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/146555/file/270384/annotation_set/1882/annotation/504","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eGeorgia State University is a public research university in Atlanta, Georgia. It was founded in 1913 and today has seven campuses around the Atlanta metro area. It is part of the University System of Georgia.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/146555/file/270384#t=5125.0,5141.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/146555/file/270384/annotation_set/1882/annotation/505","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eNathan Irvin Lipson (1927-2007) was born in Chicago, Illinois. After serving in the U.S. Navy in the South Pacific, he enrolled at the University of Illinois preparing for a career in business. With partner Tedd Munchak, he founded Trend Mills in 1959. As president, Nate Lipson built the firm into one of the largest carpet manufacturing companies in the world with production facilities in Rome, Georgia, Los Angeles, California, Frome, Scotland, and Brussels, Belgium. Nate introduced tufted carpet to Europe and the Middle East.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/146555/file/270384#t=5125.0,5141.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/146555/file/270384/annotation_set/1882/annotation/506","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eMinyanaires are a group of fathers and sons who regularly attended Sunday religious services at Ahavath Achim Synagogue in Atlanta, Georgia, but more generally refers to members of other synagogues who regularly comprise a \u003cem\u003eminyan\u003c/em\u003e, a group of ten Jewish adults required for daily religious services.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/146555/file/270384#t=5218.0,5424.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/146555/file/270384/annotation_set/1882/annotation/507","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eTefillin\u003c/em\u003e, also called “phylacteries,” are a set of small black leather boxes containing scrolls of parchment inscribed with verses from the \u003cem\u003eTorah\u003c/em\u003e, which are worn by observant Jews during weekday morning prayers. They are worn around the arm, hand and fingers and on the forehead in a process called \u003cem\u003elehani’ach tefillin \u003c/em\u003e[Hebrew: bind \u003cem\u003etefillin\u003c/em\u003e]. The \u003cem\u003eTorah\u003c/em\u003e commands that they should be worn as a “sign” and “remembrance” that G-d brought the children of Israel out of Egypt.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/146555/file/270384#t=5218.0,5424.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/146555/file/270384/annotation_set/1882/annotation/508","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eDavening is the act of reciting Jewish liturgical prayers during which the prayer sways or rocks lightly.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/146555/file/270384#t=5218.0,5424.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/146555/file/270384/annotation_set/1882/annotation/509","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eUnited Synagogue Youth (USY) and Kadima are the official youth organizations of the Conservative movement of Judaism. USY was founded in 1951 and has grown from a handful of chapters to an international organization with thousands of high school age members. In 1964, Kadima was formalized as a separate entity for pre-USY age young people. USY was conceived as a means of meeting the social, educational, religious, and recreational needs of Jewish teenagers. The organization seeks to involve teenagers in synagogue life and help build the Jewish community of the future. As a Zionist organization, it also works to build a relationship between Israel and Jewish youth in America.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/146555/file/270384#t=5218.0,5424.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/146555/file/270384/annotation_set/1882/annotation/510","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eSee definition for United Synagogue Youth (USY). \u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/146555/file/270384#t=5218.0,5424.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/146555/file/270384/annotation_set/1882/annotation/511","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eHillel: The Foundation for Jewish Campus Life, also known as Hillel International, is the largest Jewish college campus organization in the world, working with college students globally. Hillel is represented at more than 850 colleges and communities. The foundation was founded in 1923 by Benjamin Frankel and today the organization aims to serve and support all kinds of Jewish students in expressing their Judaism. \u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/146555/file/270384#t=5218.0,5424.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/146555/file/270384/annotation_set/1882/annotation/512","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eFounded in Atlanta in 1953, the Katherine and Jacob Greenfield Hebrew Academy (GHA), originally known as The Hebrew Academy, was the first Jewish day school in the country to be accredited by the Southern Association of Colleges and Schools. In 2014, GHA (grades pre-K through 8) merged with Yeshiva Atlanta high school to become what is now Atlanta Jewish Academy\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/146555/file/270384#t=5218.0,5424.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/146555/file/270384/annotation_set/1882/annotation/513","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eDr. Irving \"Greenie\" Greenberg (1911-2006) was born in Poland and came to Atlanta with his family in 1913. He was a graduate of Emory University Medical School. Following his service in the United States Army (1941 to 1946) he returned to Atlanta where he practiced General Surgery for more than 40 years and pioneered Early Ambulation, post-operative care in which a patient gets out of bed and engages in light activity as soon as possible after an operation. He served on the board of almost every major medical and Jewish organization in Atlanta. He co-founded the Greenfield Hebrew Academy, helped establish the first blood bank in Atlanta, and co-chaired the Jewish Federation’s first annual campaign that raised $1,000,000.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/146555/file/270384#t=5218.0,5424.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/146555/file/270384/annotation_set/1882/annotation/514","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe Epstein School (also known as the Solomon Shechter School of Atlanta) is a private Jewish day school in the Atlanta area located in Sandy Springs. In 1973, Rabbi Harry H. Epstein and the leaders of Ahavath Achim synagogue wanted to create a Conservative Jewish day school. The first campus was housed at the synagogue. In 1987 the school moved to Sandy Springs.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/146555/file/270384#t=5218.0,5424.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/146555/file/270384/annotation_set/1882/annotation/515","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eA \u003cem\u003eminyan\u003c/em\u003e refers to the quorum of 10 Jewish adults required for certain religious obligation. While traditionally only males counted toward the quorum, in many non-Orthodox streams of Judaism adult females count in the \u003cem\u003eminyan\u003c/em\u003e. A \u003cem\u003eminyan\u003c/em\u003e is needed in Jewish communal prayer for certain components of the regular daily or Shabbat services, reading from the \u003cem\u003eTorah\u003c/em\u003e and \u003cem\u003ehaftarah\u003c/em\u003e portions in synagogue, and saying \u003cem\u003eKaddish\u003c/em\u003e, among other things. \u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/146555/file/270384#t=5440.0,5539.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/146555/file/270384/annotation_set/1882/annotation/516","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eKaddish\u003c/em\u003e [Hebrew: holy] is a hymn of praises to G-d found in the Jewish prayer service that is recited aloud while standing. The central theme of the \u003cem\u003eKaddish\u003c/em\u003e is the magnification and sanctification of G-d's name. Along with the \u003cem\u003eShema\u003c/em\u003e and \u003cem\u003eAmidah\u003c/em\u003e, the \u003cem\u003eKaddish\u003c/em\u003e is one of the most important and central elements in the Jewish liturgy. Mourner's \u003cem\u003eKaddish\u003c/em\u003e is said at all prayer services and certain other occasions. Following the death of a parent, child, spouse, or sibling it is customary to recite the Mourner's \u003cem\u003eKaddish\u003c/em\u003e in the presence of a congregation daily for 30 days, or 11 months in the case of a parent, and then at every anniversary of the death. It is important to note that the Mourner's \u003cem\u003eKaddish\u003c/em\u003e does not mention death at all, but instead praises G-d. \u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/146555/file/270384#t=5440.0,5539.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/146555/file/270384/annotation_set/1882/annotation/517","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eSeymour “Shneur” Cristal (1908-1985) was a member of Ahavath Achim Synagogue. He was married to Mary Taratoot Cristal, and they had four children.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/146555/file/270384#t=5440.0,5539.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/146555/file/270384/annotation_set/1882/annotation/518","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eEach year, mourners light a special \u003cem\u003eyahrzeit\u003c/em\u003e [Hebrew: anniversary] candle and recite the \u003cem\u003eKaddish\u003c/em\u003e to observe the anniversary of the death of a relative. Memorial services for the dead are also held during the High Holy Days and the Festivals.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/146555/file/270384#t=5440.0,5539.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/146555/file/270384/annotation_set/1882/annotation/519","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eJacqueline Harrison Pazol (1929-2014) was a member of Ahavath Achim. She married Sidney Pazol in 1951. \u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/146555/file/270384#t=5568.0,5603.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/146555/file/270384/annotation_set/1882/annotation/520","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe \u003cem\u003echazzan\u003c/em\u003e or cantor is the official in charge of music or chants and leads liturgical prayer and chanting in the synagogue.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/146555/file/270384#t=5632.0,5736.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/146555/file/270384/annotation_set/1882/annotation/521","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eHebrew for “platform.” The \u003cem\u003ebimah\u003c/em\u003e is a raised structure in the synagogue from which the \u003cem\u003eTorah\u003c/em\u003e is read and from which prayers are led. \u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/146555/file/270384#t=5632.0,5736.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/146555/file/270384/annotation_set/1882/annotation/522","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eYizkor\u003c/em\u003e [Hebrew: remembrance] most commonly refers to memorial prayer services held four times a year during \u003cem\u003eYom Kippur\u003c/em\u003e, \u003cem\u003eSukkot\u003c/em\u003e, Passover, and \u003cem\u003eShavuot\u003c/em\u003e. During the services, those who have lost a parent or a close loved one recite the \u003cem\u003eyizkor\u003c/em\u003e prayer.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/146555/file/270384#t=5632.0,5736.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/146555/file/270384/annotation_set/1882/annotation/523","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe total Jewish population of Europe in 1933 was estimated at about 9.5 million, which was more than 60 percent of the world’s Jewish population. Most European Jews lived in eastern Europe, with about 5.5 million Jews living in Poland and the Soviet Union. By the time the Holocaust and World War II had ended over a decade later, most European Jews—two out of every three—were dead. The best and most commonly accepted estimate of Jewish victims is six million, with approximately three million of those from Poland and 1,340,000 of those from the Soviet Union. The Holocaust is the best documented case of genocide, yet calculating how many individuals were killed during the Holocaust and World War II as a result of Nazi policies is difficult as no single document exists which spells out how many died. To accurately estimate the extent of human losses, scholars, governmental agencies and Jewish organizations since the 1940s have relied on a variety of records including census reports, captured archives, and postwar investigations. The best and most commonly accepted estimate of Jewish victims is six million. Among the estimated six million Jews killed during the Holocaust, Germany and its collaborators killed around 1.5 million Jewish children. Children were not specifically singled out because they were children, but because of their alleged membership in dangerous racial, biological, or political groups. Children had on of the lowest rates of survival in concentration and extermination amps. In Auschwitz-Birkenau and other killing centers, young children were immediately sent to the gas chambers. Adolescents (13-18 years old) had a greater chance of survival as they could be used for slave labor. Tens of thousands of Romani, between 5,000 and 7,000 German children with physical and mental disabilities living in institutions, as well as many Polish children and children living in the German-occupied Soviet Union were also killed during the Holocaust. \u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/146555/file/270384#t=5632.0,5736.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/146555/file/270384/annotation_set/1882/annotation/524","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eRabbi Arnold M. Goodman served as senior rabbi of Ahavath Achim in Atlanta, Georgia from 1982 to 2002. He came to Atlanta from Minnesota where he had served as rabbi of Adath Jeshurun in Minnetonka since 1966. He currently serves as its senior rabbinic scholar. Upon his retirement, the synagogue honored them by designating its adult education program as Beit Aharon: The Rabbi Arnold and Rae Goodman Learning Institute for Adult Studies.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/146555/file/270384#t=5920.0,5946.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/146555/file/270384/annotation_set/1882/annotation/525","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eA \u003cem\u003ekibbutz\u003c/em\u003e [Hebrew: gathering, clustering] is a collective community in Israel that was traditionally based on agriculture. The first \u003cem\u003ekibbutz\u003c/em\u003e, established in 1909, was \u003cem\u003eDegania\u003c/em\u003e. Today, farming has been partly supplanted by other economic branches, including industrial plants and high-tech enterprises. \u003cem\u003eKibbutzim\u003c/em\u003e began as utopian communities, a combination of socialism and Zionism. In recent decades, some \u003cem\u003ekibbutzim\u003c/em\u003e have been privatized and changes have been made in the communal lifestyle. A member of a \u003cem\u003ekibbutz\u003c/em\u003e is called a \"\u003cem\u003ekibbutznik\u003c/em\u003e.\"\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/146555/file/270384#t=6032.0,6136.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/146555/file/270384/annotation_set/1882/annotation/526","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe Six-Day War, also known as the June War, or 1967 War was a brief, but bloody, Arab-Israeli conflict that took place June 5–10, 1967. It was fought between Israel and a coalition of Arab states. It ended with Israel capturing the Sinai Peninsula, the Golan Heights, the Gaza Strip, and the West Bank, including East Jerusalem.  \u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/146555/file/270384#t=6032.0,6136.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/146555/file/270384/annotation_set/1882/annotation/527","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eYehud is a city in the Central District of Israel that is part of the joint municipality of Yehud-Monosson. \u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/146555/file/270384#t=6141.0,6196.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/146555/file/270384/annotation_set/1882/annotation/528","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe\u003cem\u003e Southern Israelite\u003c/em\u003e, now the \u003cem\u003eAtlanta Jewish Times\u003c/em\u003e, is a newspaper with the mission to create a sense of community throughout the geographically dispersed Jewish people of greater Atlanta through the timely dissemination of local and national news; support of local synagogue, nonprofit, and cultural endeavors and events; thought-provoking dialogue and debate on current issues and Jewish ideas; and the strengthening of the bonds and understanding of Jewish culture, tradition, and family.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/146555/file/270384#t=6141.0,6196.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/146555/file/270384/annotation_set/1882/annotation/529","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eTel Aviv, Israel is located on the Mediterranean coast. It is considered the economic and technological center of Israel. It is the country’s second most populous city after Jerusalem.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/146555/file/270384#t=6237.0,6244.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/146555/file/270384/annotation_set/1882/annotation/530","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe Women's rights movement, also called women's liberation movement, was a social movement that emerged in the 1960s and continued into the 1980s. The movement was largely based in the United States and in the industrialized nations of the Western world. It was a diverse series of campaigns that sought to reform issues such as reproductive rights, domestic violence, and equal pay.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/146555/file/270384#t=6430.0,6477.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/146555/file/270384/annotation_set/1882/annotation/531","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eChevra Kadisha is an organization of Jewish men and women who see to it that the bodies of Jews are prepared for burial according to Jewish tradition. The task is considered a laudable one as the recipient cannot return the gift. It is referred to as a “good deed of truth.”\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/146555/file/270384#t=6695.0,6710.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/146555/file/270384/annotation_set/1882/annotation/532","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eTachrichim\u003c/em\u003e are traditional white burial furnishings, usually made from pure linen, in which the bodies of deceased Jews are dressed by the Chevra Kadisha, or other burial group, for interment after undergoing a \u003cem\u003etaharah\u003c/em\u003e (ritual purification). In Hebrew, \u003cem\u003etachrichim\u003c/em\u003e means \"wrappings.\" \u003cem\u003eTachrichim\u003c/em\u003e are white and entirely hand stitched, without tying knots. Regardless of gender, they include a tunic, pants, hood, and belt. \u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/146555/file/270384#t=6711.0,6765.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/146555/file/270384/annotation_set/1882/annotation/533","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eBubbe is a Yiddish nickname for “grandma.”\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/146555/file/270384#t=6985.0,7052.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/146555/file/270384/annotation_set/1882/annotation/534","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eHenrietta Egleston Hospital for Children (Egleston) opened in the Old Fourth Ward of Atlanta, Georgia in 1928, and in the 1950s it became the pediatric teaching hospital affiliate for the Emory University School of Medicine. In 1959, Egleston relocated to the university's campus. The hospital is now a part of Children's Healthcare of Atlanta (CHOA). CHOA formed in 1998 when Egleston Children's Health Care System and Scottish Rite Medical Center came together, becoming one of the largest pediatric systems in the United States.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/146555/file/270384#t=6985.0,7052.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/146555/file/270384/annotation_set/1882/annotation/535","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eLeukemia is cancer of the body's blood-forming tissues, including the bone marrow and the lymphatic system. Many types of leukemia exist, some forms of leukemia are more common in children. Other forms of leukemia occur mostly in adults. With leukemia, the bone marrow produces an excessive amount of abnormal white blood cells, which don't function properly.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/146555/file/270384#t=6985.0,7052.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/146555/file/270384/annotation_set/1882/annotation/536","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eWorld War I, also called First World War or Great War, was an international conflict from 1914 to 1918 that embroiled most of the nations of Europe along with Russia, the United States, the Middle East, and other regions. The war pitted the Central Powers—mainly Germany, Austria-Hungary, and Turkey—against the Allies—mainly France, Great Britain, Russia, Italy, Japan, and, from 1917, the United States. It ended with the defeat of the Central Powers.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/146555/file/270384#t=7164.0,7165.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/146555/file/270384/annotation_set/1882/annotation/537","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe Young Men’s Hebrew Association was set up in various cities of the United States for the mental, moral, social, and physical improvement of Jewish young men. The first YMHA was started in New York in 1874 and spread across the country in the following years. They still exist today, but most are known as Jewish Community Centers.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/146555/file/270384#t=7192.0,7193.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/146555/file/270384/annotation_set/1882/annotation/538","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eBenjamin Clarence “Ben C.” Cavalier (1909-1987), born Benjamin Clarence Goldstein in Atlanta, Georgia, relocated to Nashville, Tennessee during the 1930s where he was a manager in the linen and uniform rental industry. He eventually became chairman and president of Cavalier Industries in Nashville. He served in the United States Army during World War II, when he changed his surname from Goldstein to Cavalier.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/146555/file/270384#t=7194.0,7195.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/146555/file/270384/annotation_set/1882/annotation/539","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eJulius M. Cavalier (born Julius Goldstein, 1925-1978) was born in Savannah, Georgia to Louis and Maisie Simmons Goldstein. He served as a lieutenant in the Army in World War II and received a Purple Heart. He was a manufacturing representative and a member of Ahavath Achim Synagogue.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/146555/file/270384#t=7194.0,7195.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/146555/file/270384/annotation_set/1882/annotation/540","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eA traditional part of the Jewish wedding ceremony is the chanting of \u003cem\u003eSheva B’rachot\u003c/em\u003e, or Seven Blessings. Taken from the pages of the \u003cem\u003eTalmud\u003c/em\u003e, the blessings begin with the \u003cem\u003ekiddush\u003c/em\u003e over wine and increase in intensity. It is no accident that there are seven blessings, given there are seven days of creation. It is a common custom for the blessings to be chanted by a \u003cem\u003echazzan\u003c/em\u003e or rabbi, if they preside over the wedding ceremony. During the week following the wedding, it has become common to have festive get-togethers in honor of the couple every day of that first week. Each of these events—usually an elegant dinner—is called a \u003cem\u003eSheva Brachot\u003c/em\u003e, referring to the seven blessings. Traditionally, family and close friends divvy up the honors of hosting them.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/146555/file/270384#t=7208.0,7209.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/146555/file/270384/annotation_set/1882/annotation/541","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eSavannah is the oldest city in the state of Georgia. It is a coastal city, separated from Charleston, South Carolina by the Savannah River. The city and the colony of Georgia was founded in 1733 when General James Oglethorpe and settlers arrived. During the Revolutionary War the city was the southernmost commercial port and during the Civil War it was the sixth most populous city in the Confederacy. City officials negotiated a peaceful surrender of the city in 1864, saving the city from destruction by General Sherman’s army. The city is known for its historic district with its 22 parklike squares, which was based on a design known as the Oglethorpe Plan.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/146555/file/270384#t=7214.0,7215.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/146555/file/270384/annotation_set/1882/annotation/542","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eHotel Indigo Atlanta Midtown (formerly the Cox-Carlton Hotel, originally The Carlton or The Carlton Apartments or Carlton Bachelor Apartments) is a historic building in midtown Atlanta, Georgia. Designed by Atlanta-based architectural firm Pringle and Smith in 1925, the brick building is located on Peachtree Street, across from the Fox Theatre. It has been listed on the National Register of Historic Places since 2006, and, in 2022, is a member of Historic Hotels of America.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/146555/file/270384#t=7218.0,7219.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/146555/file/270384/annotation_set/1882/annotation/543","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe Fox Theatre is located on Peachtree Street in Midtown Atlanta. The theater was originally planned as part of a large Shrine Temple as evidenced by its Moorish design. The theater was ultimately developed as a lavish movie palace, opening in 1929. The auditorium replicates an Arabian courtyard under a night sky of flickering stars and drifting clouds. The Fox Theatre now hosts cultural and artistic events, and concerts by popular artists.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/146555/file/270384#t=7218.0,7219.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/146555/file/270384/annotation_set/1882/annotation/544","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eHyman Jacobs (about 1883-1968) a Lithuanian immigrant who came to Atlanta in the 1890s. He was active at B’nai B’rith synagogue. He also helped develop and served as president of Ahavath Achim congregation. In 1901, he helped establish the Atlanta Jewish Community Center and helped found various Hillel Foundation at many Georgia and Florida campus. Jacobs also was a volunteer lay Jewish chaplain at the Atlanta Federal Penitentiary for 53 years. \u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/146555/file/270384#t=7218.0,7219.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/146555/file/270384/annotation_set/1882/annotation/545","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eGalicia was a political and geographical region between present-day Poland and Ukraine. Once a province of the Austro-Hungarian Empire, the historical region disappeared from the European map after World War I. By the start of World War II in 1939, western Galicia was occupied by the Germans and eastern Galicia was occupied by the Soviet Union, Today, the east part of former Galicia is part of the Ukraine, while the western part belongs to Poland.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/146555/file/270384#t=7228.0,7229.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/146555/file/270384/annotation_set/1882/annotation/546","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eAmos 'n' Andy\u003c/em\u003e was an American radio sitcom about black characters, initially set in Chicago and then later in Harlem, New York City. While the show had a brief life on 1950’s television with black actors, the 1928 to 1960 radio show was created, written and voiced by two white actors, Freeman Gosden and Charles Correll.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/146555/file/270384#t=7230.0,7231.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/146555/file/270384/annotation_set/1882/annotation/547","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eAbraham “Abe” Levitt (1889-1958) was the founder and president of Capitol Fish Co. He began the seafood and frozen food distributing company on Broad Street, and the firm was later moved to its present location on West Whitehall Street. He was a member of the Ahavath Achim Synagogue. He was a Mason and a member of the Progressive and Mayfair clubs. He was a member of the board of trustees of the Jewish Home. He was married to Anne Weinberg, and they had three children.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/146555/file/270384#t=7232.0,7233.0"}]}]}]}