{"@context":"http://iiif.io/api/presentation/3/context.json","id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/iiif/2z12n51h30/manifest","type":"Manifest","label":{"en":["Rosenzweig, Lena"]},"logo":"https://d9jk7wjtjpu5g.cloudfront.net/organizations/logo_images/000/000/082/original/TheBreman_SecondaryMark_Horizontal_Blue_Black.png?1713640889","metadata":[{"label":{"en":["Date"]},"value":{"en":["1996-08-02 (captured)","1996-08-11 (captured)"]}},{"label":{"en":["Agent"]},"value":{"en":["Rosenzweig, Lena (Interviewee)","Gifford, Irwin (Interviewer)","Arkin, Helen (Interviewer)"]}},{"label":{"en":["Source"]},"value":{"en":["William Breman Jewish Heritage Museum","Esther and Herbert Taylor Oral History Collection","Jewish Oral History Project of Atlanta","Georgia Jews"]}},{"label":{"en":["Description"]},"value":{"en":["\u003cp\u003eLena Rosenzweig is interviewed by Irwin Griffin and Helen Arkin on August 2 and August 11, 1996 in Savannah, Georgia.\u003c/p\u003e (general)","\u003cp\u003eLena Feinberg was born in Savannah, Georgia, on January 11, 1906. One of four children, she was raised by Lithuanian immigrant parents who operated a successful hardware store in the heart of Savannah’s vibrant Jewish community. Her observant parents prioritized her education and heritage; Lena attended public school while receiving private Hebrew lessons and attending Congregation Agudath Achim. Her active and happy childhood was filled with community engagement, including participation in the Girl Scouts, Junior Hadassah, and the Jewish Educational Alliance (JEA), where she loved playing basketball and socializing.\u003cbr\u003e \u003cbr\u003eIn 1926, Lena married Sidney William Rosenzweig (1902–1964), a Romanian immigrant. The couple became business partners as well as life partners, owning and operating the Savannah Bargain Corner together. They raised three children: sons Ramon and Marvin, and a daughter, Greta. The Rosenzweig family were dedicated members of Congregation B'nai B'rith Jacob.\u003cbr\u003e \u003cbr\u003eThroughout her life, Lena was a pillar of Savannah’s Jewish community. Deeply committed to service and faith, she founded Savannah’s Mizrachi chapter and served on numerous leadership boards, including the United Jewish Appeal. Her extensive civic and religious involvement included serving as past president of the Sisterhood, and active membership in the Chevra Kadisha, B'nos Chesed Shel Emes, Hadassah, B'nai B'rith Women, and the JEA. Lena was also celebrated for her warm hospitality. Every Saturday, she hosted open houses, welcoming community members into her home to serve kosher food and lead traditional Sabbath prayers.\u003cbr\u003e \u003cbr\u003eLena passed away on December 20, 1997, leaving behind a rich legacy of community devotion, faith, and a family that included 11 grandchildren.\u003c/p\u003e (bioghist)","\u003cp\u003eLena reviews the Savannah Jewish community at the turn of the century. She explains how news was disseminated in the community. Lena recounts the early years of Congregation Agudath Achim. She remembers epidemics that affected the neighborhood. Lena recalls learning Hebrew and her first automobile ride. Lena looks back on her activities as a young girl. She remembers how Holocaust survivors and other immigrants were welcomed to Savannah. She describes Savannah City Market. Lena discusses the Jewish organizations she was active in. She talks about hosting large Sabbath dinners in her home. She chronicles the various businesses her parents operated. Lena reminisces about trips to Tybee Island. She relates how life events were handled by the Jewish community. Lena outlines some of her leadership roles in Jewish organizations. An anecdote about the Bargain Corner is shared. Lena mentions her Jewish education and different outings she attended as a child. She comments on the beginning of Savannah Hebrew Day School.\u003c/p\u003e (scope content)"]}},{"label":{"en":["Rights Statement"]},"value":{"en":["\u003cp\u003eAll rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, recorded by any information storage and retrieval system, without the express written consent of the William Breman Jewish Heritage Museum.\u003c/p\u003e"]}}],"summary":{"en":["\u003cp\u003eLena Rosenzweig is interviewed by Irwin Griffin and Helen Arkin on August 2 and August 11, 1996 in Savannah, Georgia.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eLena Feinberg was born in Savannah, Georgia, on January 11, 1906. One of four children, she was raised by Lithuanian immigrant parents who operated a successful hardware store in the heart of Savannah\u0026rsquo;s vibrant Jewish community. Her observant parents prioritized her education and heritage; Lena attended public school while receiving private Hebrew lessons and attending Congregation Agudath Achim. Her active and happy childhood was filled with community engagement, including participation in the Girl Scouts, Junior Hadassah, and the Jewish Educational Alliance (JEA), where she loved playing basketball and socializing.\u003cbr /\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003cbr /\u003eIn 1926, Lena married Sidney William Rosenzweig (1902\u0026ndash;1964), a Romanian immigrant. The couple became business partners as well as life partners, owning and operating the Savannah Bargain Corner together. They raised three children: sons Ramon and Marvin, and a daughter, Greta. The Rosenzweig family were dedicated members of Congregation B'nai B'rith Jacob.\u003cbr /\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003cbr /\u003eThroughout her life, Lena was a pillar of Savannah\u0026rsquo;s Jewish community. Deeply committed to service and faith, she founded Savannah\u0026rsquo;s Mizrachi chapter and served on numerous leadership boards, including the United Jewish Appeal. Her extensive civic and religious involvement included serving as past president of the Sisterhood, and active membership in the Chevra Kadisha, B'nos Chesed Shel Emes, Hadassah, B'nai B'rith Women, and the JEA. Lena was also celebrated for her warm hospitality. Every Saturday, she hosted open houses, welcoming community members into her home to serve kosher food and lead traditional Sabbath prayers.\u003cbr /\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003cbr /\u003eLena passed away on December 20, 1997, leaving behind a rich legacy of community devotion, faith, and a family that included 11 grandchildren.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eLena reviews the Savannah Jewish community at the turn of the century. She explains how news was disseminated in the community. Lena recounts the early years of Congregation Agudath Achim. She remembers epidemics that affected the neighborhood. Lena recalls learning Hebrew and her first automobile ride. Lena looks back on her activities as a young girl. She remembers how Holocaust survivors and other immigrants were welcomed to Savannah. She describes Savannah City Market. Lena discusses the Jewish organizations she was active in. She talks about hosting large Sabbath dinners in her home. She chronicles the various businesses her parents operated. Lena reminisces about trips to Tybee Island. She relates how life events were handled by the Jewish community. Lena outlines some of her leadership roles in Jewish organizations. An anecdote about the Bargain Corner is shared. Lena mentions her Jewish education and different outings she attended as a child. She comments on the beginning of Savannah Hebrew Day School.\u003c/p\u003e"]},"requiredStatement":{"label":{"en":["Attribution"]},"value":{"en":["\u003cp\u003eAll rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, recorded by any information storage and retrieval system, without the express written consent of the William Breman Jewish Heritage Museum.\u003c/p\u003e"]}},"provider":[{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/aboutus","type":"Agent","label":{"en":["William Breman Jewish Heritage Museum"]},"homepage":[{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/","type":"Text","label":{"en":["William Breman Jewish Heritage Museum"]},"format":"text/html"}],"logo":[{"id":"https://d9jk7wjtjpu5g.cloudfront.net/organizations/logo_images/000/000/082/original/TheBreman_SecondaryMark_Horizontal_Blue_Black.png?1713640889","type":"Image"}]}],"thumbnail":[{"id":"https://d9jk7wjtjpu5g.cloudfront.net/public/images/audio-default.png","type":"Image","format":"image/png"}],"items":[{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/173349/file/312433","type":"Canvas","label":{"en":["Media File 1 of 1 - Rosenzweig__Lena.mp3"]},"duration":2816.88816,"width":640,"height":360,"thumbnail":[{"id":"https://d9jk7wjtjpu5g.cloudfront.net/public/images/audio-default.png","type":"Image","format":"image/png"}],"items":[{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/173349/file/312433/content/1","type":"AnnotationPage","items":[{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/173349/file/312433/content/1/annotation/1","type":"Annotation","motivation":"painting","body":{"id":"https://aviary-p-thebreman.s3.wasabisys.com/collection_resource_files/resource_files/000/312/433/original/Rosenzweig__Lena.mp3?1781642714","type":"Audio","format":"audio/mpeg","duration":2816.88816,"width":640,"height":360},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/173349/file/312433","metadata":[]}]}],"annotations":[{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/173349/file/312433/transcript/94546","type":"AnnotationPage","label":{"en":["Rosenzweig, Lena [Transcript]"]},"items":[{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/173349/file/312433/transcript/94546/annotation/1","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/173349/file/312433#t=0.0,0.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/173349/file/312433/transcript/94546/annotation/2","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Rosenzweig: I can't think of everything at one time.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/173349/file/312433#t=0.0,2.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/173349/file/312433/transcript/94546/annotation/3","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Gifford: Did you go over the questions?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/173349/file/312433#t=2.0,4.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/173349/file/312433/transcript/94546/annotation/4","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Rosenzweig: Yes, I ran over the questions to see them. So, you're going to ask me the questions and ...","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/173349/file/312433#t=4.0,12.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/173349/file/312433/transcript/94546/annotation/5","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Gifford: Well, that is more or less the outline. We will get you talking and Helen and I will prep you, you know, I mean, if we feel that you are rambling a little bit too much or something like that. Today is Tuesday, August 2nd, and we are going to hear the personal reminiscences of Lena Feinberg-Rosenzweig today. Lena, why don't you tell us about your early life in Savannah?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/173349/file/312433#t=12.0,46.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/173349/file/312433/transcript/94546/annotation/6","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Rosenzweig: Well, I was born on 415 West Broughton Street, January the 11th, 1906. My parents came from Kovno [Kaunas, Lithuania today]. My mother was 18. My father was 20 years old. They got married in Kovno and they left the night after their wedding because my father had to escape from the military service that he would have had to have gone to had he stayed in Kovno. The story of them stealing over the grenets [Yiddish: border] [and how] they paid a certain man to steal, to bring them over the grenets was told to us many times when we were children. During the weekdays, my dad didn't have time to tell us but on Friday night, we sat on our little porch and went over the story of aribergeyn di grenets [Yiddish: crossing over the border]. Our hearts was in our mouths until we knew that my mother and father were safe on the other side. My father came to Savannah because he had a sister who had been married and already living in Savannah. She brought my father and two brothers over to live here. My father lived with his sister for several months, and then, my parents opened up a little hardware store at 415 Broughton Street, where the present courthouse is today. They had a hardware store. My mother sold pots and pans. Most of her customers were Jews because at that time, the Jews that came over at the turn of the century that were called the Greenie, they started living where Howard Johnson is now. That was Margaret Street. The next street going towards Bay Street was Zubly Street. The next street was Orange. The next street was Ann, the next street was Fahm, the next street was Indian, and the next street was Bay. So, all the Greenie Jews lived within that area. Their streets were sort of made of round, rocky bricks, I remember. Each one had a little tiny porch that they lived in. So, Broughton Street, where I lived, was like the main street where all the Jews would come into shop. In the middle of the block was Giddleshon's delicatessen store and that was like the center of information. The Jews at that time could not read, so there was no newspaper. They could not afford a phone. So, really their medium of communication was coming on the main street and finding out through Giddleshon's what was happening. Another medium of communication that I remember was Mr. [Isadore] Gottlieb, who came every morning in a horse and buggy, stopped on the corner of Broughton and Montgomery, got out and rang a big bell. Our parents would all run out to get the rolls that were ten cents a dozen and hear what happened during the night. Mr. Gottlieb would bring the news who died during the night, who gave birth during the night. And this is the way that the Jews really got their information as long as I can remember up to about 1914 or 1915, when, I guess, they started getting a phone and were able to read a little English. Now, my memories of Broughton ... What is the next question? What was it about growing up a young lady in the Savannah? Well, as a child, I have a lot of pleasant memories of Broughton Street, a lot of unpleasant memories of Broughton Street. I remember the Dr. Fisher, who lived at the end of Indian Street, would come up the street every year on a bicycle with a little black bag, and he would vaccinate all the children that had to go to public schools. I remember the midwives, Mrs. Kersey, Mrs. Walpin, that would come in and deliver the babies to our mothers. And the sad parts that I remember [were] that a lot of babies did die. I remember they would say that the baby's cord was cut too short or the baby was born with the string around its neck, choking it, which I assume today would be a caesarian or probably a breach case. There was a lot of sadness. The women that were here before my mother, who may have been ten years older, the Jewish women, they would take care of what they called the baginen trogn [Yiddish: carrying the dawn]. When these women gave birth, these women would come into the home and help the mothers with their children, or what have you, and it made life a lot easier for the European young ones that just came in. I also remember that we had no Hebrew school at the time, 1910, 1911. There was a little man by the name of Mr. [David] Shensky who lived on Bryan Street. I could see him walking into a house with a little stick, with a bag at the end of the stick. And he would come in, and sit down, and begin teaching my brother, who was getting ready for his bar mitzvah. My mother paid him 25 cents a lesson, I remember. But before teaching my brother, I remember he would take out a little box and put some snuff in each nostril before he sat there to teach my brother. And then, of course, my brother was bar mitzvahed, which was not like the bar mitzvahs of today. The bar mitzvahs then was a bottle of wine, a bottle whiskey or liquor, and a sponge cake. And that was about what it consisted of. Now, what else can I tell you about my memories?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/173349/file/312433#t=46.0,430.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/173349/file/312433/transcript/94546/annotation/7","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Arkin: Lena, where was your brother bar mitzvahed?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/173349/file/312433#t=430.0,434.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/173349/file/312433/transcript/94546/annotation/8","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Rosenzweig: He was bar mitzvahed in the little shul [Yiddish: synagogue] that was called the 'Little Shul' at the time.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/173349/file/312433#t=434.0,441.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/173349/file/312433/transcript/94546/annotation/9","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Arkin: Was that the little shul?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/173349/file/312433#t=441.0,441.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/173349/file/312433/transcript/94546/annotation/10","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Rosenzweig: It was a little shul. What happened is that when the Greenie came in, there were some Jews who were already here and they were in a little better financial condition. So, they would pay dues and they belonged to the BB Jacob. And the ones that were poor couldn't pay dues yet, so they'd get together and they would go for a minyan on Bryan Street, upstairs where the Kaminskys lived. And later years, they went on West Broad Street to a family where the Lipmans lived and then they had decided they were going to fix a little shul of their own. They called it 'The Minyan of the Little Shul,' and they opened up a little building. They rebuilt it. It was a block away from where the old BB Jacob is now. Then as they died out, their children began to think of building a bigger building. So the children of these people started their Agudath Achim on Drayton Street. And of course, as the generations changed, they later became where they are at that present site.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/173349/file/312433#t=441.0,512.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/173349/file/312433/transcript/94546/annotation/11","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Arkin: Did they go from there first to the Lawton Memorial?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/173349/file/312433#t=512.0,515.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/173349/file/312433/transcript/94546/annotation/12","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Rosenzweig: The Lawton Memorial was the first Conservative synagogue in Savannah. Gittle Lebowitz's husband came here to open it. Al Tenenbaum was quite interested in it, and it was ... The Greeks have it now, but it was the Lawton Memorial, but it wasn't successful then. It just didn't ...","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/173349/file/312433#t=515.0,537.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/173349/file/312433/transcript/94546/annotation/13","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Arkin: Oh, I was under the impression that later became the ...","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/173349/file/312433#t=537.0,540.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/173349/file/312433/transcript/94546/annotation/14","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Rosenzweig: No, that was the first Conservative shul. It stopped and the Conservative shul then started at Agudath Achim on Drayton Street. That's when it started from there, after Rabbi Mahon was the last Orthodox rabbi, I believe, that we had.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/173349/file/312433#t=540.0,563.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/173349/file/312433/transcript/94546/annotation/15","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Gifford: So, Rabbi Barnett came and he ...","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/173349/file/312433#t=563.0,564.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/173349/file/312433/transcript/94546/annotation/16","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Rosenzweig: And then it stirred, and then it turned Conservative, yes. And I don't remember if Rabbi Barnett was the first, or we had a couple before him. That, I don't remember, but he was here for over 10 years, I believe. Going back to Broughton Street, I remember at 10 o'clock, a man would come with a long stick, turn out all the lights from Broughton to Lincoln. I think the lights were then gas lights. I don't remember electric fans. Everyone had little shops and they lived over the shops. At night, after supper, they would take the chairs and sit at the end of the sidewalk. That's how really the whole neighborhood got to be like one neighborhood. The kids would run around barefoot. It was hot. We were all broken out with prickled heat because nobody had any sort of relief. And we'd sit out there till maybe midnight, until it got cooled off, and then we would go to sleep. I remember on that same street, every afternoon, a man with an organ grinder came with a little monkey with a little red hat. We kids on the street looked forward to that. I remember the first automobile that was bought by Sam Blumenthal. One night, he decided to take the 400 block kids for a ride. We all crowded in that car. How we did, I don't know. [There was] such a group of us. And we drove from West Broad and Broughton to what was called the Granger Tracks. That's Victory Drive now. It took over two hours to go through that street and back. The dirt was just ... It was just a dirt road, a big, real dirt road. I remember that night. But he was the first Jew that I knew that had purchased a car. I remember Sunday mornings, hearing the voices of the black people coming down West Broad Street dressed in white robes, and they would be headed for the baptism. They would sing beautiful spirituals all the way down to Bay Street. They turned left where the viaduct is, and we would follow them, and watch them baptize the people. The sad part--I don't know if I mentioned it--is that I remember my friend's houses used to have big black signs on the door with red letters [warning] \"diphtheria\" [or] \"scarlet fever.\" And there was once an epidemic of smallpox. I don't know what they ever did with the children, where they took them to cure them, but they came by and picked up a lot of kids, and they took away somewhere to cure them before they brought them back. This Dr. Fisher that I'm talking about, I think the fourth generation still has a drug store on West Broad Street, the Fisher's drug store, that is the same family. And these are the memories I remember. I'll tell you about the City Market later. What was growing up in Savannah like as a young girl? Well, I think my contemporaries would tell you that I had a very interesting childhood and a very happy one. There was talk about a Hebrew school about 1912, I believe. Rabbi Blumenthal, they said there would be a Hebrew school. But at that time, they didn't feel that girls had to study Hebrew. It was more important for boys because they got bar mitzvahed, so too many girls didn't go. Many of my contemporaries today don't know a word of Hebrew, but my mother did come from a rabbinical family, and she was determined that we were going to be religious. In fact, our store and the Giddleshon store were the only two stores on the block that closed on the Sabbath. They were all Jews, but we were the only two that really closed. But my mother felt that we should have more than a Hebrew school education, because at that time, there weren't too many teachers. It was, I remember, Sadie Lewis and Sarah Ratko Pontchick. They knew a little Hebrew, so they taught the classes. As time went on, we started bringing in Hebrew teachers. My mother gave us private lessons. Mr. Lesser was my rebbe [Yiddish: religious leader, teacher or mentor] and my sister's, Etta's rebbe. And my sister, Ida, took her religious instructions from Mr. [Benjamin] Levington. That was Dr. [Henry] Levington's daddy. [He] came in every day to give us Hebrew lessons. The organizations ...","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/173349/file/312433#t=564.0,891.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/173349/file/312433/transcript/94546/annotation/17","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Gifford: What groups did you belong to? I know we have a picture of you as a Haddasah Junior.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/173349/file/312433#t=891.0,896.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/173349/file/312433/transcript/94546/annotation/18","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Rosenzweig: Well, we were about eight years old when they formed Junior Hadassah. There's a picture that's taken right in front of the BB Jacob that, you know, was in a magazine. And then as I grew older, became teenagers, we had a Jewish group of Girl Scouts. It was Troop 11. We met at the JEA [Jewish Educational Alliance] on Bonnet Street once a week. Mrs. Pauline Pinsko was our troop leader, our patrol leader. And I remember that troop 11 of the JEA had won a plaque because we had more merit badges than any troop in the city in Savannah. So, Mrs. Low had a ceremony in the Girl Scout headquarters on Drayton Street in the backyard. I remember all the troop were lined up and that little, short lady stood in front of us and gave us a magnificent talk that I think I carried all through life about Girl Scouts, and what it is, and good deeds, and it was a beautiful talk. Just recently, the Girl Scouts had a reunion and I attended. I was quite emotional when they handed me the plaque that Mrs. Low had handed me probably 60 years previous, maybe longer. I held it once again. And on the plaque is engraved every Jewish girl's name that was in the troop. That plaque is now in the Henrietta Low ... What was it?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/173349/file/312433#t=896.0,1011.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/173349/file/312433/transcript/94546/annotation/19","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Arkin: Juliette.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/173349/file/312433#t=1011.0,1011.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/173349/file/312433/transcript/94546/annotation/20","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Gifford: Juliette.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/173349/file/312433#t=1011.0,1013.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/173349/file/312433/transcript/94546/annotation/21","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Rosenzweig: Yes, Juliette Low. It's in her house on Oglethorpe and Bull [Streets] at the present time, and it has the name of all of us girls on the street. And that was about the ... Of course, there was a basketball game, you know, team for girls at the JEA that the Jewish girls went to. I couldn't go because I had to help mother in the shop at that time. That's about as far as the activity that I remember as a teenager in Savannah.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/173349/file/312433#t=1013.0,1055.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/173349/file/312433/transcript/94546/annotation/22","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Gifford: Tell us a little about the ...","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/173349/file/312433#t=1055.0,1059.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/173349/file/312433/transcript/94546/annotation/23","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Arkin: Wasn't there a club called Jolly Girls?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/173349/file/312433#t=1059.0,1062.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/173349/file/312433/transcript/94546/annotation/24","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Rosenzweig: The Jolly Girls club were girls that were older than we were. They were girls about, I'd say, three, four years older than we were girls. And I remember that Anne Levy, who was later Anne Melavar, she was president of that group. And they were a lovely group of girls. Quite a few are still living.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/173349/file/312433#t=1062.0,1089.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/173349/file/312433/transcript/94546/annotation/25","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Arkin: My mama was one of them.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/173349/file/312433#t=1089.0,1090.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/173349/file/312433/transcript/94546/annotation/26","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Rosenzweig: Yes, they were a darling group. I had the picture and gave it to her son, too, because I thought it would be, you know ...","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/173349/file/312433#t=1090.0,1099.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/173349/file/312433/transcript/94546/annotation/27","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Gifford: Lena, you have told us a lot about the immigration to Savannah between 1880 and 1890 and how the community helped, Mr. Garfunkel and everything else. Why don't you tell us on tape now about that?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/173349/file/312433#t=1099.0,1115.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/173349/file/312433/transcript/94546/annotation/28","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Rosenzweig: Well, when, as they called [them], the Greenies, came over, Mr. Garfunkel, that is Abe Garfunkel, who was the oldest son, he had been a pious man and an educated man, and the Jews really idolized him. Every Jew individually that came over, he became interested in them. He taught them how to become a citizen. That was his aim, to become a citizen. And I remember the story that was told [was] that one of them was asked by the judge who was president of the United States, which is one of the questions they asked. And he said it was Mr. Abe Garfunkel. Of course, we thought that was really touching. And the next influx of Jews that I remember was 1951-54, when we got our New Americans. Well, I was the first to meet the first New Americans to come into Savannah. It was at the old Union Station, and it was Chaim and Marie Melamed. There was a committee of Albert, Paul Kulick, and myself, but they were a little late in getting to the station. There I was standing when the train did land. I was a bit nervous, and I was quite emotional because I felt that ones that [Adolf] Hitler didn't kill, that the blood was being dripped all over the whole world and here we were getting some of that blood that was saved down in Savannah, Georgia. And I didn't know how I was going to approach them because I didn't know if they were going to speak English, or Jewish [Yiddish], or what. So, I remember running down that long platform and there was that little girl and that little boy with the young baby in their arms. I put my arms around him and I said, \"Ikh ken redn Yidish.\" [Yiddish: I can speak Yiddish.] And Chaim said to me, \"Far vos nisht?\" [Yiddish: Why not?] So, I was quite relieved. By that time, Paul and Albert came, and we took them over to Frema Bernstein's house, who at that time kept them until we could find a job for them. Well, as they kept coming in, naturally, it was a committee and I tried to place them, and make them happy, and make them feel at home, and get them clothes. We did all we could. And up until today, I have a personal feeling for them. I feel like they're part of my family, and I think the feeling is mutual. I've never had any sympathies or anything that they've ever let me ... And I do love every one of them. I met Sidney when I was 15 years old. Sidney's brother, Abe Rosenzweig, is married to a first cousin of mine, and it was through them that I met him. I graduated in 1924, got engaged [in] 1925, and we got married in 1926. And of all the boys I went with, Sidney was always called a dark horse because all the other fellas thought that he'd be the last boy I'd ever marry. For some reason, fate, I guess, decreed that we should. What was the City Market like? Well, the City Market was a huge building with doors opening to four different streets. In the inside of the market, there were stores where one could purchase almost anything: chickens, fish, poultry, vegetables. And we had four kosher butchers at that time in the store. Then, on the outside of the store were also little push carts. Blacks and whites alike would sell their wares. And the habit was to yell out your wares, so when you reached four blocks before you got to the City Market, you could hear the voices of the people selling their stuff. That was also one of my memories of 415 Broughton Street. At 12 o'clock on Saturday night, I used to wait, wouldn't fall asleep, because I would hear the shuffling of the black people coming from the City Market. The street would be pitch dark and I'd look out of the window, and I see these black people shuffling down with the baskets, singing the most beautiful spirituals that you could hear coming all the way down passing our block and going into Yamacraw, where they lived, which was one block past West Broad Street. And, of course, we all feel it was a terrible mistake to have knocked that City Market down because it was just something that I think would have ... [It was] just a beautiful place for us to have had. The Groceteria was a grocery store, one of the first open air groceries; not open air but their stuff was sold on the outside. It was more or less a self-service inside and outside was vegetables, you know. That was one of the first that we had in Savannah. I belonged to many organizations in Savannah. In fact, I served on every board in the community of every Jewish organization. I was co-chairman of the first UJA [United Jewish Appeal] drive. Holly Hirsch was chairman, I remember, of the women's division. I had sold more bonds than any woman in Savannah, so they asked me to be the woman of the year for one year. This is my 25th year of working with the Chevra Kadisha burial society. Yes, I did open my home to anyone who I felt needed it. I remember when Sidney was on the House Committee of the Alliance. I remember having a dinner and entertaining Marvin Louis Zoll, Abraham Sacker, Molly Picon, and quite a number of celebrities who came down that year. I've always tried to open my home, to Meshulachim [Hebrew: a traveling rabbinical emissary sent to collect charity funds], where they was knowing my house was strict [kosher]. They couldn't eat anywhere else. They would often come in for meals. And up to this day, I have them for breakfast when they need the shield. That is since Rabbi Eisenstock left.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/173349/file/312433#t=1115.0,1553.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/173349/file/312433/transcript/94546/annotation/29","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Arkin: Lena, what about your involvement with Mizrachi?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/173349/file/312433#t=1553.0,1554.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/173349/file/312433/transcript/94546/annotation/30","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Rosenzweig: Well, I started Mizrachi in the city of Savannah, you know, and decided we wanted to have a chapter. We've done very well, because it's fun to a lot of people. They have the wrong conception of what Mizrachi is. They seem to think it's an ultra-religious [organization]. It isn't. It's an organization that inquires the full study of the Torah. But they're not what people think, like the Mea She'arim or the other, you know, groups.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/173349/file/312433#t=1554.0,1585.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/173349/file/312433/transcript/94546/annotation/31","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Gifford: I think you have passed too lightly over the question that we wrote for you about your Saturday afternoons Open House, which is a famous institution.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/173349/file/312433#t=1585.0,1597.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/173349/file/312433/transcript/94546/annotation/32","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Rosenzweig: Well, listen ...","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/173349/file/312433#t=1597.0,1597.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/173349/file/312433/transcript/94546/annotation/33","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Gifford: I think that you ought to describe, you know, who would come and what you would do.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/173349/file/312433#t=1597.0,1601.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/173349/file/312433/transcript/94546/annotation/34","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Rosenzweig: Whoever came, whoever was there, who wanted to come. And whoever was there Saturday afternoon, I insisted they say the Shaleshudus [Yiddish: third meal], you know, made sure, and I made Havdalah for everybody that was there on a Saturday night. Most of them were widows and didn't have, you know, husbands, never would have heard the Havdalah.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/173349/file/312433#t=1601.0,1622.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/173349/file/312433/transcript/94546/annotation/35","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Gifford: How long have you been doing it? I know my mother came to your house over 20 years ago.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/173349/file/312433#t=1622.0,1627.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/173349/file/312433/transcript/94546/annotation/36","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Rosenzweig: That's right. Well, I've done it all my married life, you know, all my married life, yes.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/173349/file/312433#t=1627.0,1636.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/173349/file/312433/transcript/94546/annotation/37","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Gifford: Also, I remember my wife getting a recipe from you, and after you gave her the recipe, you said, \"Oh, that's for 50 people, you'll have to cut it down.\"","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/173349/file/312433#t=1636.0,1644.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/173349/file/312433/transcript/94546/annotation/38","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Rosenzweig: Yes, because there were no Jewish caterers at that time, you must remember. I catered all the Chevra Kadisha dinners in my kitchen on Victory Drive, and they'd come and pick it up, everything but the turkeys. The turkeys was baked at Gottlieb's, and Joe Greenberg sliced it. But all the other dishes ... The entire Agudas Achim, we didn't have people to make bar mitzvahs. And whoever bar mitzahed on Sunday would call me up, and I'd go in and help them with the bar mitzvahs. The Hadassah meetings, everything on that table was baked and every table looked like a reception at the old Jewish Education Alliance at the time that I was ... I was also membership chairman of the Hadassah and in two years, I brought in 120 people, in two years' time. And I remember although I couldn't go to the meeting because I was working, a lady by the name of Mrs. Rose Klotz from Atlanta, Georgia came in and she was kind of eager to meet me, to know how I got these people to join. What else can I tell you? It says here ... Is there anything else that you would want me to ... It says they wanted to know what my father did when he first came to Savannah and I don't want to skip that. After he opened the hardware store, the Jewish women would come in and buy their pots and pans for Pesach because we were the only store that sold it at that time. Most Jewish women would bring their pots from Europe that they cooked the fish in. It was a brass pot, and my father would find some sort of lead that he would do the pot, the inside of the pot over, sort of reline the pot. And then, in the hardware store, we sold little stoves called 'hot stoves.' They were $2.98 and that was the only way that people heated up their little houses. I could see my father delivering on Margaret Street, Anne Street, all those streets. And they would ask my father to put them up and he would put them up and with pipes and elbows into the chimney. And then, my father soon found out that he could make the pipes and the elbows. So, he bought a little machine and started making the pipes. I was about eight years old and I, too, could have made a pipe and an elbow from having watched my father. And then, my father found out the parts that got holes in them, he could buy certain lead and solder them. Then, he began going, and he hired two black boys, and he began to figure out how he could work on roofs while my mother ran the shop and he did. He did a lot of roofing work for about 10 years. They raised my mother's rent on Broughton Street after being there 10 years, so they ... From 25 to 30 dollars. Sam Blumenthal owned the building. That was 415. Then, she bought a little piece of land on President Street, near Randolph. That was right across from the old Tybee Depot, because no one could go to Tybee except by train, and that was the depot. And she bought that piece of land, and she built two stores and a little house. We did very well there. My father gave up the tending business and helped my mother in the shop. And thank G-d, we did well. The beauty of the whole thing is that my mother was determined to raise a religious family, and she did raise us four children, and up until today, we all remain shomer Shabbas. We're all observant Jews, and many of our grandchildren are.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/173349/file/312433#t=1644.0,1885.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/173349/file/312433/transcript/94546/annotation/39","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Arkin: You mentioned moving from the west side over to the east side. When I think of the eastside, well, in particular, East Broad Street and what we think of as the Old Fort ... Is this the area where you moved?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/173349/file/312433#t=1885.0,1906.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/173349/file/312433/transcript/94546/annotation/40","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Rosenzweig: That's right. We were in the Old Fort. That's right. I was eight years old and I was raised in the Old Fort.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/173349/file/312433#t=1906.0,1911.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/173349/file/312433/transcript/94546/annotation/41","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Arkin: Were there many Jewish families?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/173349/file/312433#t=1911.0,1912.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/173349/file/312433/transcript/94546/annotation/42","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Rosenzweig: There were quite a few Jews in that area that moved also from Yamacraw to the Old Fort. And, you know, at that time ... But most of the Jews still remained there until, you know, they all began making a living and then they moved into better neighborhoods. You know, 37th Street was one of the most popular ones for a while and then 52nd Street became very popular. And then, from 52nd, they start moving out, you know, more to the south. But when the influx came in for about 15, 20 years, a lot of them stayed right there, mostly in Yamacraw.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/173349/file/312433#t=1912.0,1956.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/173349/file/312433/transcript/94546/annotation/43","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Arkin: Well, you know, you struck a chord about my early childhood. I remember the train rides to Tybee and Mother cooking and baking for days, you know, to take a presentable lunch because heaven forbid somebody else is looking.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/173349/file/312433#t=1956.0,1980.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/173349/file/312433/transcript/94546/annotation/44","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Rosenzweig: That's right. Everybody took a complete dinner in a basket on the train.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/173349/file/312433#t=1980.0,1983.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/173349/file/312433/transcript/94546/annotation/45","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Arkin: And then going to the pavilion and fighting for the ...","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/173349/file/312433#t=1983.0,1986.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/173349/file/312433/transcript/94546/annotation/46","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Rosenzweig: For a table to put your stuff.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/173349/file/312433#t=1986.0,1990.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/173349/file/312433/transcript/94546/annotation/47","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Arkin: Could you tell us about those Sunday excursions? I know the train depot stopped across there with Rundbaken's.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/173349/file/312433#t=1990.0,1999.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/173349/file/312433/transcript/94546/annotation/48","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Rosenzweig: Rundbaken's had a little delicatessen store, yes, in Tybee for a while. Well, that was the only recreation the Jews had in the city of Savannah was going to Tybee. And of course, those that were already rich, you know, there were about maybe 15, 20 families that already had homes [on Tybee Island] at that time, while the other Jews were coming in by train before the road was made. But the families would take the children with their basket dinner. When we got to our destination and got off at Tybee, the little kids would run ahead to grab a table at the pavilion so that the families would have a place to put the food. Downstairs was the bathing houses, which was 25 cents, you know, for a bathing suit. And that was really our only recreation that we had. You know, it was Jewish people from that generation ... And, of course, the weddings. I remember, going back to the Chevra Kadisha work, that the Taharah [Hebrew: purification] was done in the homes. We didn't have an undertaker to do the Taharah. It was done the homes. The funeral was from the homes at the time that I lived at 415 Broughton Street, you know. And of course, I'm sure there's a lot of people that are living today that remember these things, you know. Is there anything else you would like me to ...","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/173349/file/312433#t=1999.0,2103.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/173349/file/312433/transcript/94546/annotation/49","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Gifford: You said something about bootlegging and some phrases you had. We want to just mention that a little bit about the ...","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/173349/file/312433#t=2103.0,2111.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/173349/file/312433/transcript/94546/annotation/50","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Rosenzweig: Well, quite a bit of the Jews did go into bootlegging, and several of them landed what they called cheder in those days. It was prison. They stayed a little while. I wouldn't say prison, but it was jail. And they stayed that term up, and they came up. Of course, you know, it was considered just a matter of, I guess, making a living. Some of them, they just were so poor. They just, I guess, had to resort to that.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/173349/file/312433#t=2111.0,2138.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/173349/file/312433/transcript/94546/annotation/51","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Gifford: Now was this during Prohibition or before Prohibition?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/173349/file/312433#t=2138.0,2141.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/173349/file/312433/transcript/94546/annotation/52","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Rosenzweig: It was during Prohibition; not before. You know, many shopkeepers would keep a pint of whiskey in their apron, you know, and sell it. It was all kind of ways that the Jews did, but they really did a lot of bootlegging. They really did. They didn't feel like they were doing anything wrong because it was a matter of surviving, you know.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/173349/file/312433#t=2141.0,2176.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/173349/file/312433/transcript/94546/annotation/53","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Gifford: Now, you have been active in the synagogues and in the Sisterhood of the synagogue.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/173349/file/312433#t=2176.0,2184.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/173349/file/312433/transcript/94546/annotation/54","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Rosenzweig: Yes, I was vice president when we first started, when Mrs. Lina Garfunkel was president. I was the vice president, but I never wanted to be a president of any organization. But I think I've worked for every single one of them because, as I said, I have served on every board in the city, and I feel like I've contributed to every organization there is.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/173349/file/312433#t=2184.0,2210.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/173349/file/312433/transcript/94546/annotation/55","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Gifford: Well, while Lena will not say this, she was a very generous person, and when she worked in the Bargain Corner, which was one of the largest supermarkets, the rumor was that if she felt the family was poor, she would not charge for everything in their basket. And once, when they had a survey trying to better their business, the experts said to Sidney, her husband ...","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/173349/file/312433#t=2210.0,2236.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/173349/file/312433/transcript/94546/annotation/56","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Rosenzweig: The lady in the purple dress should be fired.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/173349/file/312433#t=2236.0,2240.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/173349/file/312433/transcript/94546/annotation/57","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Gifford: Should be fired because she has given away your food.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/173349/file/312433#t=2240.0,2244.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/173349/file/312433/transcript/94546/annotation/58","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Rosenzweig: He said, \"It's kind of hard for me to do that. She's my wife.\"","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/173349/file/312433#t=2244.0,2247.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/173349/file/312433/transcript/94546/annotation/59","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Gifford: I think this is a good note to end this.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/173349/file/312433#t=2247.0,2253.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/173349/file/312433/transcript/94546/annotation/60","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Rosenzweig: And I never felt sorry for whatever I gave away because it was like G-d always gave it back to me to be full.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/173349/file/312433#t=2253.0,2261.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/173349/file/312433/transcript/94546/annotation/61","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Gifford: We are with Lena Feinberg Rosenzweig today, with Helen Arkin from the committee and Irwin Gifford.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/173349/file/312433#t=2261.0,2272.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/173349/file/312433/transcript/94546/annotation/62","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Rosenzweig: Yes, there's something else I'd like to add. At the age of four, I remember they took the Jewish kids, and they opened up a kindergarten. The kindergarten was on Zubly Street, about four doors from West Broad Street, where Western Auto is today. Our kindergarten teacher with Mrs. Potsel and Missus ...","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/173349/file/312433#t=2272.0,2303.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/173349/file/312433/transcript/94546/annotation/63","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Gifford: [Leonora] Amram.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/173349/file/312433#t=2303.0,2306.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/173349/file/312433/transcript/94546/annotation/64","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Rosenzweig: Amram. That's right. Mrs. Amram and Mrs. Potsel. I remember them vividly. And we did have a beautiful kindergarten at the time. And then, we had ... Before we had the Hebrew school, we had a Shabbos school. We didn't have any classrooms. This was at the BB Jacob, the old building. There was no classrooms but we just sort of took a group in different parts of the inside of the building, and it was called Shabbos School. They gave us a little card with a biblical picture every time we attended, and after one got a certain number of cards, they would give us a biblical book, and that sort of encouraged us. I remember on Sukkot, they would line us up two by two, walk us down Broughton Street, take us to the Folly Theater, and take us to the movies. And I remember Chol HaMoed Pesach, they would put us in the cars and take us to the Forsyth Park, where we played with filbert nuts every Pesach. But this was a ritual with the young group coming up at that time in Savannah.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/173349/file/312433#t=2306.0,2383.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/173349/file/312433/transcript/94546/annotation/65","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Gifford: Today is Wednesday, August 10th, and we are taping Lena Feinberg Rosenzweig with some additional reminisces of the Savannah Jewish community when she was young. Lena, would you tell us about Rabbi Blumenthal?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/173349/file/312433#t=2383.0,2409.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/173349/file/312433/transcript/94546/annotation/66","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Rosenzweig: Well, Rabbi Blumenthal was really my first rabbi that I can remember. I remember that I grew up with a little Shabbos lecture that he gave us at Shabbos school. I can vividly see myself sitting on the first row, as all the children was always brought up to the front. I remember he gave us a talk about building one's character and he compared it to building a real big building. He said when the men would set the bricks, they would take each brick and examine it very carefully to make sure there was no nicks or nothing faulty about the brick before he would cement it to another strong brick. He compared that with our way of life. He said as we were young, and each day that we did a good deed, and was kind and good, it would be compared to a good brick. And each day as we got older, by doing a good deed and adding a good brick each day, as we get to be adults, that we would be a fine person. And I remember that very vividly. I think I tried to live by Rabbi Blumenthal's little sermon. And what else did you want me to ...","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/173349/file/312433#t=2409.0,2500.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/173349/file/312433/transcript/94546/annotation/67","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Gifford: Well, there was a tragedy in the Savannah Jewish Community.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/173349/file/312433#t=2500.0,2503.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/173349/file/312433/transcript/94546/annotation/68","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Rosenzweig: Yes. That tragedy happened, I think, just a little before I was born. I don't remember exactly, but I remember the Jewish people talking about it. A group of Jewish children went on a picnic to Bluffton [South Carolina] or somewhere in that vicinity, and they went swimming, and they went into water that no one knew anything about, and they drowned. Of course, I remember one family, the Cronstock family had lost two in one family. And of course, it was sad, and the Jews never really got over it for a long time.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/173349/file/312433#t=2503.0,2541.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/173349/file/312433/transcript/94546/annotation/69","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Gifford: Well, there was some comment that they went on a picnic during the period of Tisha B’Av.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/173349/file/312433#t=2541.0,2547.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/173349/file/312433/transcript/94546/annotation/70","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Rosenzweig: Well, I don't think that had anything to do with it, because I don't think that holiday was that seriously observed. I just think that any time they would have gone and went into that dangerous water, I believe it would have happened, you know. For a while there, I remember they said you don't go bathing on the nine days because of the tragedy. But personally, I didn't think it had anything with the sacred holiday. It wasn't that sacred a holiday.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/173349/file/312433#t=2547.0,2580.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/173349/file/312433/transcript/94546/annotation/71","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Gifford: You started to tell us a little earlier on the tape about the instant communication center in the early days when there was no telephones or no newspapers in the Jewish household. How did that work, Lena?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/173349/file/312433#t=2580.0,2597.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/173349/file/312433/transcript/94546/annotation/72","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Rosenzweig: Well, I knew that Giddleshon's was like the center of communication from 1900 on that I can remember for many years. And when anything happened in this city, when I noticed that there were three, four people congregated outside the little shop, I knew that something had happened in the community, and before you knew it, there was a whole group of Jewish people to discuss what should be done or what could be done. And that went on for many years. As I mentioned before, Mr. Gottlieb was another point of communication with his red horse and buggy wagon. Well, the first day school that we had here was started with Rabbi Bernard Jacobson and his wife, Rose. I remember they had many rummage sales trying to get the few dollars up to start a day school. But unfortunately, there wasn't enough people that realized the significance of it, and it didn't go through. But in 1963, my son, Ramon, and Jack Kiel decided that there should be a day school. They felt bad that they didn't get the opportunity to study in Savannah. Ramon was determined that his children were going to get the opportunities he didn't have. So, we started the day school. If I remember well, I think it was like 20-some odd pupils, and it was rough. Very few of them paid, and of course, I knew that my family had done everything they could to root it. Well, in a short period of time, desegregation came in and the Jewish people became afraid of the [public] school. So, they came to Ramon, I remember, and they begged him to take the children in. And from the little that they were going to charge, they went up to like over a hundred dollars. It went into hundreds of dollars. And sure enough, the school got rooted and before we knew it, I believe there was over a 100 kids at one time. And of course, we still have a day school, and I don't know how many [students there are or] how well it's going on now with these kids. Through the day school, we really accomplished something. We didn't save every child, as far as Judaism is concerned, but there were quite a few who have remained ultra-religious, and their families have turned to ultra-religion.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/173349/file/312433#t=2597.0,2753.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/173349/file/312433/transcript/94546/annotation/73","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Gifford: Lena, as we know, Jewish education is very expensive. Now, you said that in the beginning, the day school did not charge very much. Now, how did they raise the funds to keep the day school in existence if the tuition did not pay for the expenses?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/173349/file/312433#t=2753.0,2771.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/173349/file/312433/transcript/94546/annotation/74","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Rosenzweig: I don't want to sound egotistic, but we paid for over half of those children so that they could stay in the day school because Ramon was determined to get that day school moving.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/173349/file/312433#t=2771.0,2786.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/173349/file/312433/transcript/94546/annotation/75","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Gifford: And nowadays they have bingo and ...","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/173349/file/312433#t=2786.0,2788.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/173349/file/312433/transcript/94546/annotation/76","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Rosenzweig: Nowadays, it's a different story.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/173349/file/312433#t=2788.0,2790.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/173349/file/312433/transcript/94546/annotation/77","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Gifford: And they have with Hadassah the thrift store.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/173349/file/312433#t=2790.0,2795.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/173349/file/312433/transcript/94546/annotation/78","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Rosenzweig: Yes, they have ways now of bringing in the money, but what they need now is really, I think, more people interested or, you know, to know the significance of a little further advanced Jewish learning. And the day school is about the only thing that could give it to you.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/173349/file/312433#t=2795.0,2816.88816"}]}]}]}