{"@context":"http://iiif.io/api/presentation/3/context.json","id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/iiif/2n4zg6h387/manifest","type":"Manifest","label":{"en":["Mazer, Ephraim"]},"logo":"https://d9jk7wjtjpu5g.cloudfront.net/organizations/logo_images/000/000/082/original/TheBreman_SecondaryMark_Horizontal_Blue_Black.png?1713640889","metadata":[{"label":{"en":["Date"]},"value":{"en":["2009-01-28 (captured)"]}},{"label":{"en":["Agent"]},"value":{"en":["Mazer, Ephraim (1928- ) (Interviewee)","Berman, Sandra (Interviewer)"]}},{"label":{"en":["Format"]},"value":{"en":["Video"]}},{"label":{"en":["Source"]},"value":{"en":["William Breman Jewish Heritage Museum","Esther and Herbert Taylor Jewish Oral History Project of Atlanta","Alabama Jews"]}},{"label":{"en":["Description"]},"value":{"en":["\u003cp\u003eEphraim Mazer was interviewed by Sandra Berman on January 28, 2009 in Birmingham, Alabama.\u003c/p\u003e (general)","\u003cp\u003eEphraim “Eph” Mazer was born in 1928 in Birmingham, Alabama to Eva and Ben Mazer. He was involved in his family’s multiple businesses and has been a longtime member of Temple Beth-El. He also served as the President of the Levite Jewish Community Center in Birmingham. Eph is a member of Beth-El’s chevra kadisha.\u003c/p\u003e (bioghist)","\u003cp\u003eIn his interview, Ephraim discusses how his family ended up in Birmingham, Alabama and the slew of businesses that they started. He recalls his school years in Birmingham and growing up Jewish in a primarily non-Jewish city. Ephraim shares his experiences attending Temple Beth-El as a child and his socialization with other Jewish youth in the city and region through Young Judaea and the local Young Men’s Hebrew Association (YMHA). He reflects on the relationship between Jews and African Americans, including his memories of the black domestic worker who worked in his childhood home. He discusses the struggles of keeping kosher in Birmingham. Ephraim shares his observations on how Temple Beth-El has become a more secular congregation over the years. He reflects on his time as President of the Levite Jewish Community Center in Birmingham as well as the many threats to its existence that it has faced over the years. Ephraim recalls the Birmingham of his youth and how the city has changed since then. He shares details about his wife, children, and grandchildren. Ephraim expresses his belief that there is a lack of recognition of Jewish involvement in the civil rights movement of the 1960s. Ephraim concludes by talking about being a part of Temple Beth-El’s chevra kadisha and what that role means to him and the community.\u003c/p\u003e (scope content)"]}},{"label":{"en":["Source Metadata URI"]},"value":{"en":["https://archivesspace.thebreman.org/repositories/2/archival_objects/29060"]}},{"label":{"en":["Rights Statement"]},"value":{"en":["\u003cp\u003eAll rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, recorded by any information storage and retrieval system, without the express written consent of the William Breman Jewish Heritage Museum.\u003c/p\u003e"]}},{"label":{"en":["Subject"]},"value":{"en":["Mazer, Ephraim \"Eph,\" 1928- (personal name)","Berman, Sandra (personal name)","Kimerling, Sol, 1930-2022 (personal name)","Kimerling, Michael (personal name)","Mazer, Joseph Lionel, 1924-2012 (personal name)","Mazer, Jacob Baer \"J.B.,\" 1932-2020 (personal name)","Olshan, Emanuel \"Manny\" (personal name)","Truman, Harry S., 1884-1972 (personal name)","Mesch, Abraham J. (personal name)","Friedman, Richard (personal name)","Miller, Jonathan (personal name)","Grafman, Milton Louis, 1907-1995 (personal name)","Friedman, Karl Bernard, 1924-2018 (personal name)","Berkowitz, Abraham, 1907-1985 (personal name)","Mazer, Frieda Kaplan (personal name)","Burg, Harvey (personal name)","Resnick, Joe (personal name)","Esther and Herbert Taylor Family Foundation (corporate name)","William Breman Jewish Heritage Museum (Atlanta, Ga.) (corporate name)","Mazer Roofing and Heating (Birmingham, Ala.) (corporate name)","Wreck-A-Pair (Birmingham, Ala.) (corporate name)","Mazer Lumber Company (Birmingham, Ala.) (corporate name)","Lakeview School (Birmingham, Ala.) (corporate name)","Ramsay High School (Birmingham, Ala.) (corporate name)","Congregation Knesseth Israel (Birmingham, Ala.) (corporate name)","Temple Beth-El (Birmingham, Ala.) (corporate name)","Young Judaea (corporate name)","Brandeis Camp (corporate name)","Aleph Zadik Aleph (AZA) (corporate name)","Temple Emanu-El (Birmingham, Ala.) (corporate name)","Young Men's Hebrew Association (YMHA) (corporate name)","Levite Jewish Community Center (Birmingham, Ala.) (corporate name)","Jewish federations (general) (corporate name)","University of Tennessee (Knoxville, Tenn.) (corporate name)","Fort Bliss (Tex.) (corporate name)","University of Alabama (Tuscaloosa, Ala.) (corporate name)","Fairmont Club (Birmingham, Ala.) (corporate name)","Chabad of Alabama (Birmingham, Ala.) (corporate name)","Birmingham (Ala.) (geographic term)","Austria-Hungary (geographic term)","New York (N.Y.) (geographic term)","Leeds (Ala.) (geographic term)","Atlanta (Ga.) (geographic term)","Memphis (Tenn.) (geographic term)","Houston (Tex.) (geographic term)","Pocono Mountains (geographic term)","Chattanooga (Tenn.) (geographic term)","Nashville (Tenn.) (geographic term)","Knoxville (Tenn.) (geographic term)","Fort Lauderdale (Fla.) (geographic term)","Boston (Mass.) (geographic term)","Selma (Ala.) (geographic term)","Zaydeh (topical term)","Bar mitzvah (topical term)","Shul (topical term)","Hebrew school (topical term)","Zionism (topical term)","Sukkot (topical term)","Passover (topical term)","Jim Crow laws (topical term)","Kosher (topical term)","Conservative Judaism (topical term)","Reform Judaism (topical term)","Shabbat (topical term)","Raising Cain (topical term)","Swastika (topical term)","'Mom and pop' stores (topical term)","Chevra kadisha (topical term)","Taharah (topical term)","Mitzvah (topical term)","Great Depression (chronological term)","World War II, 1939-1945 (chronological term)","American Civil Rights Movement (chronological term)","Attempted Bombing of Temple Beth-El, 1958 (Birmingham, Ala.) (named event)"]}}],"summary":{"en":["\u003cp\u003eEphraim Mazer was interviewed by Sandra Berman on January 28, 2009 in Birmingham, Alabama.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eEphraim \u0026ldquo;Eph\u0026rdquo; Mazer was born in 1928 in Birmingham, Alabama to Eva and Ben Mazer. He was involved in his family\u0026rsquo;s multiple businesses and has been a longtime member of Temple Beth-El. He also served as the President of the Levite Jewish Community Center in Birmingham. Eph is a member of Beth-El\u0026rsquo;s chevra kadisha.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIn his interview, Ephraim discusses how his family ended up in Birmingham, Alabama and the slew of businesses that they started. He recalls his school years in Birmingham and growing up Jewish in a primarily non-Jewish city. Ephraim shares his experiences attending Temple Beth-El as a child and his socialization with other Jewish youth in the city and region through Young Judaea and the local Young Men\u0026rsquo;s Hebrew Association (YMHA). He reflects on the relationship between Jews and African Americans, including his memories of the black domestic worker who worked in his childhood home. He discusses the struggles of keeping kosher in Birmingham. Ephraim shares his observations on how Temple Beth-El has become a more secular congregation over the years. He reflects on his time as President of the Levite Jewish Community Center in Birmingham as well as the many threats to its existence that it has faced over the years. Ephraim recalls the Birmingham of his youth and how the city has changed since then. He shares details about his wife, children, and grandchildren. Ephraim expresses his belief that there is a lack of recognition of Jewish involvement in the civil rights movement of the 1960s. Ephraim concludes by talking about being a part of Temple Beth-El\u0026rsquo;s chevra kadisha and what that role means to him and the community.\u003c/p\u003e"]},"requiredStatement":{"label":{"en":["Attribution"]},"value":{"en":["\u003cp\u003eAll rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, recorded by any information storage and retrieval system, without the express written consent of the William Breman Jewish Heritage Museum.\u003c/p\u003e"]}},"provider":[{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/aboutus","type":"Agent","label":{"en":["William Breman Jewish Heritage Museum"]},"homepage":[{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/","type":"Text","label":{"en":["William Breman Jewish Heritage Museum"]},"format":"text/html"}],"logo":[{"id":"https://d9jk7wjtjpu5g.cloudfront.net/organizations/logo_images/000/000/082/original/TheBreman_SecondaryMark_Horizontal_Blue_Black.png?1713640889","type":"Image"}]}],"thumbnail":[{"id":"https://d9jk7wjtjpu5g.cloudfront.net/collection_resource_files/thumbnails/000/175/604/small/Mazer_Ephraim.mp4_1678044506.jpg?1678044507","type":"Image","format":"image/jpeg"}],"items":[{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/87111/file/175604","type":"Canvas","label":{"en":["Media File 1 of 1 - Mazer_Ephraim.mp4"]},"duration":2830.678,"width":640,"height":360,"thumbnail":[{"id":"https://d9jk7wjtjpu5g.cloudfront.net/collection_resource_files/thumbnails/000/175/604/small/Mazer_Ephraim.mp4_1678044506.jpg?1678044507","type":"Image","format":"image/jpeg"}],"items":[{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/87111/file/175604/content/1","type":"AnnotationPage","items":[{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/87111/file/175604/content/1/annotation/1","type":"Annotation","motivation":"painting","body":{"id":"https://aviary-p-thebreman.s3.wasabisys.com/collection_resource_files/resource_files/000/175/604/original/Mazer_Ephraim.mp4?1678044504","type":"Video","format":"video/mp4","duration":2830.678,"width":640,"height":360},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/87111/file/175604","metadata":[]}]}],"annotations":[{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/87111/file/175604/transcript/41956","type":"AnnotationPage","label":{"en":["Mazer, Ephraim [Transcript]"]},"items":[{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/87111/file/175604/transcript/41956/annotation/1","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"BERMAN: Today Is January 28, 2009. I am with Eph . . . Eph?\n\nMAZER: Eph.\n\nBERMAN: . . . Eph Mazer.\n\nMAZER: Ephraim.\n\nBERMAN: Ephraim . . . Eph Mazer . . . who has agreed to be interviewed for the\nEsther and Herbert Taylor Oral History Project of the William Breman Jewish\nHeritage Museum. My name is Sandy Berman. I'm the archivist with the museum and\nI'm very glad that you've agreed to participate in this project. I'd like to\nbegin by asking you to tell me a little bit about yourself, when you were ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/87111/file/175604#t=0.0,30.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/87111/file/175604/transcript/41956/annotation/2","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"born\nand how . . . your parent's names . . . and how you and your family ended up in\nBirmingham [Alabama].\n\nMAZER: I ended up here . . . I was born in 1928 . . . I ended up in Birmingham .\n. . I was born here . . . because I wanted to be very close to my mother at the\ntime. My parents came . . . my father came from Russia. My ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/87111/file/175604#t=30.0,60.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/87111/file/175604/transcript/41956/annotation/3","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"mother came from the\nsame place that Sol's [Kimerling] parents did. My mother was a Kimerling. That\nwas Austria-Hungary. And they settled here.\n\nBERMAN: What were their names?\n\nMAZER: My mother's maiden name was Kimerling.\n\nBERMAN: Her first name?\n\nMAZER: Eva. My father's name was Ben Mazer.\n\nBERMAN: Why did they end up here? Why did they ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/87111/file/175604#t=60.0,90.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/87111/file/175604/transcript/41956/annotation/4","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"come?\n\nMAZER: I think my zayde [grandfather] started out in New York and found it very\ndifficult up there. I think he was in the grocery business as I understand and\nthen he moved south and began peddling. And in peddling he wound up in\nBirmingham. Exactly how, I'm not sure.\n\nBERMAN: What was his name?\n\nMAZER: Kimerling. Mike.\n\nBERMAN: No, your grandfather's name?\n\nMAZER: Michael ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/87111/file/175604#t=90.0,120.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/87111/file/175604/transcript/41956/annotation/5","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Kimerling.\n\nBERMAN: Michael Kimerling.\n\nMAZER: Yes. My father came here because of a brother who had preceded him here.\nHe was . . . the brother lived in Leeds, Alabama. He had a small store there.\nLeeds is about 15 miles east, towards Atlanta [Georgia]. He had contacts, so my\nfather and ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/87111/file/175604#t=120.0,150.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/87111/file/175604/transcript/41956/annotation/6","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"uncle came over and settled in Birmingham. And that's how . . . then\nhe . . . they begot three children. And I was the middle son. Three sons they had.\n\nBERMAN: What are the names of your brothers?\n\nMAZER: My oldest brother is Joe. He now is about . . . he's 84. He lives in\nMemphis [Tennessee]. My youngest brother is J.B. and he lives ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/87111/file/175604#t=150.0,180.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/87111/file/175604/transcript/41956/annotation/7","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"here.\n\nBERMAN: What does J.B. stand for?\n\nMAZER: Yakov Dov . . . Jacob Baer.\n\nBERMAN: When your father came here what did he do?\n\nMAZER: He was a sheet metal mechanic. He started working in a sheet metal shop.\nEventually, he bought the shop and then he went into the roofing and heating\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/87111/file/175604#t=180.0,210.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/87111/file/175604/transcript/41956/annotation/8","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"business. And he branched out into a wrecking business, then to a lumber and\nsupply business.\n\nBERMAN: Wow. What was the name of all . . . did it have one name or did it have\nseveral different [names]?\n\nMAZER: It was a progressive-type thing. It was . . . I think it was Mazer\nRoofing and Heating. And then in ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/87111/file/175604#t=210.0,240.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/87111/file/175604/transcript/41956/annotation/9","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"the wrecking business he was a partner with a\nman named Manny [Emanuel] Olshan who was from Houston [Texas] . . . well, he's\nfrom here, but he went to Houston . . . and was very successful there. But they\nhad a company called Wreck-A-Pair . . . Wreck-A-Pair Building. Didn't last too\nlong. That was in the beginning of the [Great] Depression in the early [19]30's.\nThat's when he ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/87111/file/175604#t=240.0,270.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/87111/file/175604/transcript/41956/annotation/10","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"started this, the . . . it was mostly used lumber and supplies,\nwhatever they could garner from wrecked homes and what have you.\n\nBERMAN: What was that called?\n\nMAZER: The Wreck-A-Pair.\n\nBERMAN: Oh, that was the Wreck-A-Pair. And then afterwards?\n\nMAZER: Then it morphed into Mazer Lumber Company, and it kept on that ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/87111/file/175604#t=270.0,300.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/87111/file/175604/transcript/41956/annotation/11","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"way. I was\npart of the business through the [19]50's and then [I] went out on my own in the\nearly [19]60's. I handled the wrecking end of it.\n\nBERMAN: Did you attend public school here in Birmingham?\n\nMAZER: I did.\n\nBERMAN: Where did you go to school?\n\nMAZER: I went to Lakeview School and to Ramsay High School. And then, of course,\nwent ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/87111/file/175604#t=300.0,330.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/87111/file/175604/transcript/41956/annotation/12","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"off to college.\n\nBERMAN: How was that for you, being one of the handful of Jewish students in a\nnon-Jewish world?\n\nMAZER: I don't recall any major problems. I think a lot of that . . . and Sol\nwill probably attest to the same thing. We went to the same schools. I'm a\nlittle bit older than Sol, but a lot of the getting along had to ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/87111/file/175604#t=330.0,360.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/87111/file/175604/transcript/41956/annotation/13","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"do with\nathletics, I think. [I] had no major problems. Once in a while you might hear\nsomething, but it was not until I started playing [indistinct: 6:14].\n\nBERMAN: Until what?\n\nMAZER: These are the outlying schools. I was kidding there. But athletics I\nthink had a lot to do with getting ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/87111/file/175604#t=360.0,390.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/87111/file/175604/transcript/41956/annotation/14","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"along.\n\nBERMAN: Did you socialize with mainly Jewish young people or with everybody?\n\nMAZER: Primarily we socialized with the family, and then with mainly Jewish folks.\n\nBERMAN: Through the synagogue? Were you members of this synagogue?\n\nMAZER: [I was] Bar mitzvahed here.\n\nBERMAN: Were your . . . did ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/87111/file/175604#t=390.0,420.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/87111/file/175604/transcript/41956/annotation/15","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"your parents help to found the synagogue here?\n\nMAZER: No. My zayde lived on the Northside. You're probably familiar with the\nNorthside and the movement to the Southside [of Birmingham]. Well, when he was\nthere we were members of the Northside shul, Knesseth Israel. I went to Hebrew\nschool here. I also went to Hebrew school on the Northside for a few years, and\nthat was ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/87111/file/175604#t=420.0,450.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/87111/file/175604/transcript/41956/annotation/16","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"because this was where everybody was from . . . there were very few\npeople here on the Southside. I'm not sure that Beth-El had a Hebrew school back\nwhen I was coming up, which was in the early [19]30's. Probably did. But I\nrecall going to school there and then going to Hebrew school here.\n\nBERMAN: Were you involved in some outside activities like Young Judaea? Or . . .\n\nMAZER: . . . very much ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/87111/file/175604#t=450.0,480.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/87111/file/175604/transcript/41956/annotation/17","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"so in Young Judaea. At the time . . . and I was fortunate\nenough to have been, as a kid . . . probably wasn't ready for it . . . but I\nwent to Brandeis Camp in the Poconos. That was way back when. Those were the\nactivities in the Zionist ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/87111/file/175604#t=480.0,510.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/87111/file/175604/transcript/41956/annotation/18","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"organization.\n\nBERMAN: Did you go on any conventions to other cities?\n\nMAZER: Oh, yes.\n\nBERMAN: Where'd you go?\n\nMAZER: We went to Atlanta. AZA was one of the . . . and Young Judaea as well . .\n. was one . . . two of the organizations there that we went out of town with. We\nwent up to Atlanta, Chattanooga [Tennessee], I think Nashville [Tennessee], ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/87111/file/175604#t=510.0,540.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/87111/file/175604/transcript/41956/annotation/19","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Memphis.\n\nBERMAN: Were you always good on those trips?\n\nMAZER: I was wonderful. Yes, we had a lot of fun on those trips. Yes. They were\nalways good.\n\nBERMAN: Getting back to growing up, being here in Birmingham . . . did you as a\nmember of Beth-El socialize much with people from the Temple?\n\nMAZER: From Emanu-El?\n\nBERMAN: [Yes].\n\nMAZER: There was always a little division ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/87111/file/175604#t=540.0,570.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/87111/file/175604/transcript/41956/annotation/20","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"there. In my family . . . our family\nwas . . . we were probably more traditional than most people here at Beth-El.\nEmanu-El was not as traditional. We used to stay out of school for the four days\nof Sukkot, four days of Pesach, and what have you, where most kids didn't. With\nthat ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/87111/file/175604#t=570.0,600.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/87111/file/175604/transcript/41956/annotation/21","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"there was a little separation there.\n\nBERMAN: Did you socialize with those kids?\n\nMAZER: Yes, I had nothing against them. But we didn't socialize that much. I did some.\n\nBERMAN: Some.\n\nMAZER: Yes, we did. We didn't shy away from it, but that was it.\n\nBERMAN: Did you have any kind of feeling about race relations during the 1930's,\n1940's? Did you think about it ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/87111/file/175604#t=600.0,630.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/87111/file/175604/transcript/41956/annotation/22","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"much?\n\nMAZER: The [19]30's we didn't. The 1940's, yes, occasionally. I went into the\nservice . . . I just missed World War II and that's when . . . right after that\n[President Harry S.] Truman . . . the blacks were integrated into the army. I\nwent in and it was . . . I didn't have any ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/87111/file/175604#t=630.0,660.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/87111/file/175604/transcript/41956/annotation/23","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"problems. There were some strained\nrelations but everybody got over that real quick when they found there was\nnothing they could do about it.\n\nBERMAN: Do you ever think about the separate facilities growing up here? Like\nseparate entrances, separate movies, places to sit, separate drinking fountains?\nOr was it just a way of life for you?\n\nMAZER: It was a way of life generally. Now . . . ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/87111/file/175604#t=660.0,690.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/87111/file/175604/transcript/41956/annotation/24","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I wasn't an activist at all,\nbut I felt some compassion and sympathy for their movement.\n\nBERMAN: Did you have black . . . African American employees in your home?\n\nMAZER: Oh, yes.\n\nBERMAN: Do you remember their names? Was there one person in particular?\n\nMAZER: There were a number . . . yes, there was one, ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/87111/file/175604#t=690.0,720.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/87111/file/175604/transcript/41956/annotation/25","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Laurina [sp].\n\nBERMAN: Did you feel . . . a real connection with her? Was she a part of the family?\n\nMAZER: She was as far as I was concerned. Yes. She was.\n\nBERMAN: Did she . . .\n\nMAZER: . . . and I worked with . . . I obviously worked with some blacks. It was\nlooked at kind of funny when I would direct somebody to . . . we had ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/87111/file/175604#t=720.0,750.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/87111/file/175604/transcript/41956/annotation/26","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"one [black\nman] who ran a little department. I would tell a customer to go back and see Mr.\nRutledge [sp]. Mr. Rutledge happened to be black. This was in the [19]40's, so\nthese guys would come back down and kind of look at me kind of funny. I really\ndidn't care what they looked . . . how they looked at it. But that's about as\nactivist as I ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/87111/file/175604#t=750.0,780.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/87111/file/175604/transcript/41956/annotation/27","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"got, because it was just a way of life.\n\nBERMAN: Did Laurina and your mother cook together in the kitchen?\n\nMAZER: Oh, Laurina . . . she was fine. She made the best fried chicken around.\nShe was good.\n\nBERMAN: Did she also make some Jewish dishes? Did she learn how to do that?\n\nMAZER: I'm sure she did, yes.\n\nBERMAN: Anything in particular you remember?\n\nMAZER: I don't remember too much about it because when my brothers and ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/87111/file/175604#t=780.0,810.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/87111/file/175604/transcript/41956/annotation/28","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I used to\nget into the kitchen my mother used to throw us out because we would break\nthings and what have you . . . throw a plate here and there. She didn't like\nthat too much.\n\nBERMAN: That's great. Did you keep kosher in the home?\n\nMAZER: We still do.\n\nBERMAN: Was it difficult?\n\nMAZER: Yes, I wonder sometimes why I do it. It's for the family, basically.\n\nBERMAN: I've heard that ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/87111/file/175604#t=810.0,840.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/87111/file/175604/transcript/41956/annotation/29","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"there has been some interesting kosher butchers in Birmingham.\n\nMAZER: There have been.\n\nBERMAN: Can you tell me anything about that?\n\nMAZER: Yes, we had one right across the street who . . . I'm not too much of a\nmeat man but I understand he was selling delicious meat. Turned out that it\nwasn't kosher.\n\nBERMAN: How did they find out?\n\nMAZER: Some ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/87111/file/175604#t=840.0,870.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/87111/file/175604/transcript/41956/annotation/30","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"people know meat and know what it looks like. They identified what\nhe was trying to sell under a different name and it didn't work out. And then\nfinally he admitted [it]. And that held true again for another butcher.\n\nBERMAN: What happened to the butchers?\n\nMAZER: They . . . there were no longer kosher butchers at the time. That was it.\n\nBERMAN: Did they stay in ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/87111/file/175604#t=870.0,900.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/87111/file/175604/transcript/41956/annotation/31","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"town?\n\nMAZER: I know one didn't. He was . . . came from a religious family so I think\nhe was shamed out of town.\n\nBERMAN: That would be a tough way to go . . .\n\nMAZER: . . . yes . . .\n\nBERMAN: . . . claiming to be a kosher butcher. Were you bar mitzvahed?\n\nMAZER: Oh, yes. Here.\n\nBERMAN: Do you remember it very well?\n\nMAZER: ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/87111/file/175604#t=900.0,930.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/87111/file/175604/transcript/41956/annotation/32","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Yes, Rabbi [Abraham] Mesch was the rabbi at the time. Don't remember too\nmuch about it. That was back in the eighteenth century I think, or something.\n\nBERMAN: What do you remember about Rabbi Mesch?\n\nMAZER: He was a friend of the family. He was very stern, at times. I got along\nfine with him. There was not a problem.\n\nBERMAN: Do you think he related to the congregants?\n\nMAZER: ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/87111/file/175604#t=930.0,960.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/87111/file/175604/transcript/41956/annotation/33","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"At the time the congregation was not as secular as it is now. And I think\nthey had a lot more respect for tradition. He was able to control the\ncongregation at the time with that respect. Now, right now I don't think he\nwould've lasted very long.\n\nBERMAN: Why so?\n\nMAZER: Because we're a secular ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/87111/file/175604#t=960.0,990.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/87111/file/175604/transcript/41956/annotation/34","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"congregation and don't care much about the\nright-wing, Conservative, religious aspect.\n\nBERMAN: You really feel that way, that you're a secular congregation today?\n\nMAZER: I think so. I think this congregation could probably . . . not all of\nthem, not all the members . . . but many of them could just as soon have a\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/87111/file/175604#t=990.0,1020.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/87111/file/175604/transcript/41956/annotation/35","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Reform rabbi service as anything else and couldn't care less.\n\nBERMAN: Why do you think that's happened with the congregation?\n\nMAZER: I don't think it's only this congregation. I think it's happening all\naround. In my opinion, I think traditional Judaism is on the wane. You'd know\nmore about that . . . as much as I ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/87111/file/175604#t=1020.0,1050.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/87111/file/175604/transcript/41956/annotation/36","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"do.\n\nBERMAN: Did you enjoy growing up in Birmingham?\n\nMAZER: I had to because I didn't know anything else. We had a large family.\nThere were . . . among the guys in the family I think we had . . . growing up,\nwe had, I think, 13 cousins. My ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/87111/file/175604#t=1050.0,1080.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/87111/file/175604/transcript/41956/annotation/37","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"brother . . . oldest brother . . . was the\noldest. Sol's oldest brother . . . his only other brother . . . is a year older\nthan I am, and then it ranged down from there. We were sort of a self-contained\ngroup. Not that we shied away from anybody because we spent a lot of time at the\ndowntown YMHA [Young Men's Hebrew Association] . . . at the time we called it\nthe ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/87111/file/175604#t=1080.0,1110.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/87111/file/175604/transcript/41956/annotation/38","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"'Y' . . . [we] had friends there and played ball and what have you.\n\nBERMAN: So you've always been active at the YMHA. That morphed into the Jewish\nCommunity Center.\n\nMAZER: It did.\n\nBERMAN: Are you still active? What about your activities with the Jewish\nCommunity Center?\n\nMAZER: I was at one time very active. That was about 15 years ago or so. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/87111/file/175604#t=1110.0,1140.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/87111/file/175604/transcript/41956/annotation/39","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And [I]\nmoved up and became President of the Center. Since that time, I was evidently\ntoo old for the incoming group and they decided they were going to put me out to\npasture. And they did, so I became rather inactive.\n\nBERMAN: What kind of service do you think the Center provides for the ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/87111/file/175604#t=1140.0,1170.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/87111/file/175604/transcript/41956/annotation/40","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"community?\n\nMAZER: They used to be . . . I had a better feeling for the Center way back. And\nthen when I was president there was a big discussion. Some of the fellas there\nwho . . . the wealthy ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/87111/file/175604#t=1170.0,1200.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/87111/file/175604/transcript/41956/annotation/41","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"ones, let me put it that way . . . wanted to move the\nCenter out to a new setting, Liberty Park. Liberty Park was a brand new area.\nWhy they wanted to move it I don't know, but the Center is located right now . .\n. and [is] still located in a very convenient area. There were a lot of Jews\nright around this area. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/87111/file/175604#t=1200.0,1230.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/87111/file/175604/transcript/41956/annotation/42","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"We had a community brouhaha. I guess I was a big part of\nthat because . . . some of the 'powers that be' wanted to do this movement. I\ndidn't think it was necessary and I didn't think it would hold, and I thought\nthat the community wouldn't support ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/87111/file/175604#t=1230.0,1260.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/87111/file/175604/transcript/41956/annotation/43","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"it. We talked about it and we finally\nconvinced the 'powers that be' to have a survey. That seemed to be the only\ndemocratic way to come to a conclusion. We had the survey and we came to a\nconclusion [to stay] and we're still where we were.\n\nBERMAN: Did people leave the Center over the incident?\n\nMAZER: No. I think they would have ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/87111/file/175604#t=1260.0,1290.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/87111/file/175604/transcript/41956/annotation/44","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"left if the Center had been moved. But one of\nthe problems, then, was the Center . . . at the time that I was active . . .\nwell, I'm still active at the Center. I go there two or three times a week. But\nthe Jewish percentage [in the area of the Center] was about 55 percent . . . the\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/87111/file/175604#t=1290.0,1320.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/87111/file/175604/transcript/41956/annotation/45","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"non-Jewish was the 45 [percent]. When we were on the Northside before . . . and\nthe center was built in [19]57, I think . . . where we are now on the Northside\nit was probably 90 percent Jewish and 10 percent non-Jewish. We had what we\nthought was maybe a viable Jewish program or programming ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/87111/file/175604#t=1320.0,1350.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/87111/file/175604/transcript/41956/annotation/46","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"there. Then after this\nbig brouhaha [they] decided to do a lot of improvements. The Center then . . .\nand at the time they were warned that if we are going to spend this much money\nand improve it to such a degree that they wanted to improve it you're going to\nhave to have a lot more ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/87111/file/175604#t=1350.0,1380.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/87111/file/175604/transcript/41956/annotation/47","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"members, and I felt that . . . some of us felt . . . and\nI was among those . . . our Jewish community is saturated as far as membership\ngoes. We can't grow . . . we don't have that many. \"That's all right,\" [they\nsaid] \"We'll get non-Jewish members.\" I said, \"Well, if you do that now you are\ngoing to begin to water down what we've got.\" At any rate, we're ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/87111/file/175604#t=1380.0,1410.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/87111/file/175604/transcript/41956/annotation/48","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"now . . . I\ndon't have these figures exactly . . . but my guess is that we're better than 70\npercent non-Jewish.\n\nBERMAN: Really?\n\nMAZER: 30 percent Jewish. Yes.\n\nBERMAN: At the Jewish Community Center?\n\nMAZER: Exactly. And that was out of necessity . . . for it to survive. We were\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/87111/file/175604#t=1410.0,1440.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/87111/file/175604/transcript/41956/annotation/49","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"told . . . they were told that.\n\nBERMAN: Was there a pre-school there?\n\nMAZER: There is a pre-school. That's the same relationship as far as the kids\ngo, percentage wise.\n\nBERMAN: But is it a Jewish pre-school? Is it Jewish . . .\n\nMAZER: . . . yes. They do tend to be Jewish there even with the 70 percent [non-Jewish].\n\nBERMAN: They learn about Shabbat and they learn about the holidays. Non-Jewish\nfamilies go there and know that that's . . .\n\nMAZER: . . . that's it. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/87111/file/175604#t=1440.0,1470.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/87111/file/175604/transcript/41956/annotation/50","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Yes.\n\nBERMAN: What about other programming?\n\nMAZER: Predominantly Jewish programming. Yes. That hasn't changed that much and\nI'm kind of surprised. They could if they wanted to . . . the non-Jewish people\n. . . if they wanted to raise some Cain they could certainly do that and take\nover the Board if they wanted.\n\nBERMAN: Who is the Board? Is it mostly Jewish still?\n\nMAZER: All.\n\nBERMAN: All. So that hasn't changed.\n\nMAZER: No. That's part of the constitution . . .\n\nBERMAN: . . . ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/87111/file/175604#t=1470.0,1500.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/87111/file/175604/transcript/41956/annotation/51","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"okay . . .\n\nMAZER: . . . and by-laws. Now there's a day school at one end of the Center as\nwell. You've seen that facility?\n\nBERMAN: No. Next trip.\n\nMAZER: Good. Tremendous facility.\n\nBERMAN: The day school . . . is that mainly Jewish?\n\nMAZER: All Jewish.\n\nBERMAN: All Jewish.\n\nMAZER: Well, I think they do have some non-Jewish kids in there. Not many.\nThat's a different entity.\n\nBERMAN: Is it sponsored by the ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/87111/file/175604#t=1500.0,1530.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/87111/file/175604/transcript/41956/annotation/52","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Center or sponsored by an independent . . .?\n\nMAZER: . . . foundation.\n\nBERMAN: A foundation.\n\nMAZER: A Federation foundation. Yes. It's a separate deal but it's supported by\nthe Federation. You'll probably wind up talking to Richard Friedman at the\nFederation. He can fill you in on all of that . . . the organizational part.\n\nBERMAN: You were also President of this congregation? Weren't you?\n\nMAZER: No. That was my ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/87111/file/175604#t=1530.0,1560.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/87111/file/175604/transcript/41956/annotation/53","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"brother . . . little brother.\n\nBERMAN: Your brother.\n\nMAZER: Not so little, but he's younger.\n\nBERMAN: Okay. But you've been active all these years. Did you ever wish that\nthis congregation got more involved in the greater community and in speaking out\nabout issues that did not just affect the Jewish community?\n\nMAZER: Not at all. No, I thought we ought to stick with what we are and what\nwe've ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/87111/file/175604#t=1560.0,1590.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/87111/file/175604/transcript/41956/annotation/54","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"got.\n\nBERMAN: Even during the Civil Rights era when the synagogue was bombed, do you\nthink they should've . . . or almost bombed . . .?\n\nMAZER: . . . with that . . . that got people angry. Got me angry as well. We\nwere ready to do whatever it took to defend the shul.\n\nBERMAN: Do you know why the synagogue was selected?\n\nMAZER: Because we were Jewish.\n\nBERMAN: But Emanu-El was more vocal. Do ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/87111/file/175604#t=1590.0,1620.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/87111/file/175604/transcript/41956/annotation/55","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"you know that . . .\n\nMAZER: . . . Emanu-El too . . . they've washed it out a few years ago . . . but\nthere was a big swastika painted on the front there on one of the columns. I\ndon't know what else to tell you on that, except the rabbis at Emanu-El,\nespecially Jonathan Miller now, is more vocal in that area.\n\nBERMAN: When you were growing up in Birmingham did you have a particular ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/87111/file/175604#t=1620.0,1650.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/87111/file/175604/transcript/41956/annotation/56","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"hangout\nwhere you went as kids? Or was there a sort of a soda shop?\n\nMAZER: Yes. There used to be Dr. Gus's and a few places like that that we used\nto go to. It was difficult for us because I kept kosher. They grilled cheese up\nuntil I was 18. Then we got into cheeseburgers maybe, or hamburger or something\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/87111/file/175604#t=1650.0,1680.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/87111/file/175604/transcript/41956/annotation/57","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"after I went off to school.\n\nBERMAN: Do you miss the way Birmingham was . . . the big Jewish department\nstores, the small little 'mom and pop' stores? Do you miss all that?\n\nMAZER: The small merchants, yes. I didn't have much to do with the big\ndepartment stores. I know most of the people there. We didn't . . . they were\nfinancially a cut above ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/87111/file/175604#t=1680.0,1710.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/87111/file/175604/transcript/41956/annotation/58","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"what our means were. We didn't associate that much.\n\nBERMAN: Did you know anybody that was affected by the sit-ins . . . that went\nout of business?\n\nMAZER: I don't think anybody went out of business on account of that.\n\nBERMAN: No?\n\nMAZER: No. Not that I know of anyhow.\n\nBERMAN: Did you discuss what was going on with your family at all during that\ntime period?\n\nMAZER: Yes, there was always talk ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/87111/file/175604#t=1710.0,1740.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/87111/file/175604/transcript/41956/annotation/59","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"about that.\n\nBERMAN: Were you afraid?\n\nMAZER: No, I don't think I was particularly afraid. I wasn't quite sure what was\ngoing to happen from one day to the next. I didn't particularly care to see all\nthe rabbis come in and dictate to us what to do and then leave town.\n\nBERMAN: Tell me about that. What was that like?\n\nMAZER: I ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/87111/file/175604#t=1740.0,1770.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/87111/file/175604/transcript/41956/annotation/60","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"wasn't involved too much with that. I think Karl Friedman probably . . .\n\nBERMAN: . . . yes, he talked about it but you remember . . .\n\nMAZER: . . . I remember when they came in and I was on the periphery. I didn't\nhave any . . . I was struggling trying to make a living at the time. But it\noffended me in a way that . . . what the heck are you doing coming in and\ntelling us you want to do something? Stay ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/87111/file/175604#t=1770.0,1800.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/87111/file/175604/transcript/41956/annotation/61","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"here . . . like Abe Berkowitz or like\nRabbi [Milton] Grafman or somebody like that . . . and battle it out. But don't\npop in and . . .\n\nBERMAN: . . . pop out.\n\nMAZER: Yes. It didn't seem right to me. Not that their message was bad, it's the\nattitudes I felt were misguided.\n\nBERMAN: How did you meet your wife?\n\nMAZER: ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/87111/file/175604#t=1800.0,1830.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/87111/file/175604/transcript/41956/annotation/62","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"That evolved through either an AZA or Young Judaean convention. I met a\ngirl from Knoxville [Tennessee] . . . a Jewish girl . . . my wife's sister had\ngone to [the] University of Tennessee. And at that time, ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/87111/file/175604#t=1830.0,1860.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/87111/file/175604/transcript/41956/annotation/63","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I was headed into the\nservice. I was going to Fort Bliss, Texas . . . El Paso. This girl that I knew\nin Knoxville said, \"We know somebody there. You ought to look her up.\" And I\ndid. That was 57 years ago.\n\nBERMAN: What's your wife's name?\n\nMAZER: ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/87111/file/175604#t=1860.0,1890.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/87111/file/175604/transcript/41956/annotation/64","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Frieda.\n\nBERMAN: And her maiden name?\n\nMAZER: Kaplan.\n\nBERMAN: How many children?\n\nMAZER: Two.\n\nBERMAN: And are they here in Birmingham?\n\nMAZER: I have one in Fort Lauderdale [Florida] and one here. And then five\ngrandchildren to go along with them.\n\nBERMAN: That's wonderful. Are the grandchildren here, any of them?\n\nMAZER: Three of them.\n\nBERMAN: Three. That's fantastic. Do you hope they stay in Birmingham? Do you\nthink they will?\n\nMAZER: I doubt it.\n\nBERMAN: Really?\n\nMAZER: I doubt it. They want to go to New York. One . . . two of them ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/87111/file/175604#t=1890.0,1920.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/87111/file/175604/transcript/41956/annotation/65","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"want to be\nwriters . . . what have you. They have some diverse interests.\n\nBERMAN: Do you think Birmingham was a good place to raise your family?\n\nMAZER: Better than Fort Lauderdale. Yes.\n\nBERMAN: Why?\n\nMAZER: I think so. The pressures here for kids are not . . . I compare it to\nFort Lauderdale because I've got two granddaughters ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/87111/file/175604#t=1920.0,1950.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/87111/file/175604/transcript/41956/annotation/66","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"there . . . are not the same\nas they are there. It's a simpler life here for them . . . although they've got\npeer pressures here, too.\n\nBERMAN: How old are they? The ones here.\n\nMAZER: The ones here . . . two of them are at the University of Alabama and one\nof them is 16 and she's still going to high school here.\n\nBERMAN: What do you think ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/87111/file/175604#t=1950.0,1980.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/87111/file/175604/transcript/41956/annotation/67","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"the relationship is today between the African American\ncommunity and the Jewish community in Birmingham?\n\nMAZER: I have a feeling that there's . . . from the African American community .\n. . there's some kind of resentment against Jews, and that may come from some\ninfluence from somewhere else. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/87111/file/175604#t=1980.0,2010.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/87111/file/175604/transcript/41956/annotation/68","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"But I don't find it particularly that way, but\nthere's just a feeling that that exists. Whether it does or not may be my\nimagination but.\n\nBERMAN: Do you think there's a general lack of awareness of what some Jews . . .\nthe help that some Jews gave during the Civil Rights era?\n\nMAZER: Definitely. A lack of appreciation as well. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/87111/file/175604#t=2010.0,2040.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/87111/file/175604/transcript/41956/annotation/69","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"We had a fella here . . .\nHarvey Burg. When you get old, the first thing that goes is your short[-term]\nmemory. Also, your short[-term] memory goes. Anyway, Harvey was very, very\nactive in the civil rights movement. He was also a friend here. He was an\nattorney. He subsequently went to Boston [Massachusetts]. I think [he] was\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/87111/file/175604#t=2040.0,2070.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/87111/file/175604/transcript/41956/annotation/70","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"active up there. But Harvey came here and he tied in with a black law firm who\nwas active in civil rights. I forgot the name of it, but they were [a] very\nactive black firm. Harvey marched in Selma [Alabama] and was, like I said, a\nvery active ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/87111/file/175604#t=2070.0,2100.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/87111/file/175604/transcript/41956/annotation/71","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"part of the black community . . . the Jewish community. And then\nthis man's . . . the head of the law firm's . . . nephew came in. There was\nresentment at the time, too, against Harvey at the Fairmont Club. He was going\nto be a member. So we talked to them. Fine. No ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/87111/file/175604#t=2100.0,2130.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/87111/file/175604/transcript/41956/annotation/72","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"problem. Except one or two of the\npeople up there said, \"Oh, no, we're going to blackball him.\" Why? He was liable\nto bring some of the black law firm people here. Now, that wasn't prevailing.\nThat was just these two whatever you call them. Harvey mentioned that at the\ntime and I ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/87111/file/175604#t=2130.0,2160.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/87111/file/175604/transcript/41956/annotation/73","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"remember calling Abe Berkowitz [and] said, \"I don't know what the\nhell to do but this is crazy. If this happens there's going to be a revolution.\nAnd I think these guys ought to have their rear ends kicked.\" And he said,\n\"Don't worry about a damn thing. This is going to . . . he'll be a member . . .\nit'll take place.\" Sure enough he was. But getting back to the original thing\nabout black ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/87111/file/175604#t=2160.0,2190.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/87111/file/175604/transcript/41956/annotation/74","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"relationships, Harvey evidently was doing a pretty good job. He was\na bright fella. This law firm's chief man, his nephew, came in. And at the time\nhe shoved Harvey out. He says, \"We don't need any white help here.\" And out he\nwent. That kind of resentment just was not right. That bothered ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/87111/file/175604#t=2190.0,2220.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/87111/file/175604/transcript/41956/annotation/75","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"me . . . still\n[does]. That's where the kernel of this feeling comes from. I don't think it's\nunusual in other places either.\n\nBERMAN: If you could look back onto your years of living here in this city, do\nyou have any really . . . one of your fond memories of growing up here? A place\nyou went, an event that you attended?\n\nMAZER: ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/87111/file/175604#t=2220.0,2250.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/87111/file/175604/transcript/41956/annotation/76","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"The 'Y' [YMHA] was like a second home. Growing up with friends we had . .\n. a lot of it . . . we were semi-athletic and played some basketball in high\nschool and what have you. The friends did the same . . . some of them. Sol\nplayed football. Some very close friends went to another school and they played\n. . . Saturday night we might go to the 'Y' and work ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/87111/file/175604#t=2250.0,2280.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/87111/file/175604/transcript/41956/annotation/77","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"out and then . . . leave\nand go to a place like Dr. Gus's or wherever and have a sandwich or what have\nyou and go home. That was . . . there was an allegiance there to the 'Y,' to the\nYMHA. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/87111/file/175604#t=2280.0,2310.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/87111/file/175604/transcript/41956/annotation/78","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I enjoyed high school and Lakeview School, which was my grammar school.\n\nBERMAN: If you were describing yourself, would you describe yourself as a Jew? A\nsoutherner? An Alabaman? What would come first?\n\nMAZER: Jewish would come first, probably.\n\nBERMAN: ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/87111/file/175604#t=2310.0,2340.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/87111/file/175604/transcript/41956/annotation/79","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Do you feel like you're a real southerner?\n\nMAZER: How would you describe a 'real southerner'?\n\nBERMAN: I don't know. People in the South have an identity with their region of\nthe country, more so than I think in the North. I was just curious if you felt\nthat way . . . that you're proud to be from this part of the country?\n\nMAZER: I don't know about geographically. I like the style of living. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/87111/file/175604#t=2340.0,2370.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/87111/file/175604/transcript/41956/annotation/80","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I'm not\nsure that I would . . . I am a southerner. I'm happy to live here. I think\npeople up North are nuts for staying up there in the cold weather and should be\ndown here in the hot, warm, toasty weather.\n\nBERMAN: I agree. And on that note I'd like to thank you very much for\nparticipating in our project.\n\nMAZER: You're quite welcome.\n\nBERMAN: And unless I've missed anything . . . ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/87111/file/175604#t=2370.0,2400.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/87111/file/175604/transcript/41956/annotation/81","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"did I miss anything that you\nwanted to talk about?\n\nMAZER: Not particularly. Sol said the reason I want you to come down is because\nof the chevra kadisha.\n\nBERMAN: Let's talk about the chevra kadisha. That's the one thing I forgot. Tell\nme about the chevra kadisha.\n\nMAZER: That has to do with some of the history of Birmingham, as well. The\nBeth-El chevra kadisha is . . . ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/87111/file/175604#t=2400.0,2430.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/87111/file/175604/transcript/41956/annotation/82","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"actually, we've got three chevra kadisha's here.\nSmall community but we've got three. Emanu-El does not have one. Beth-El's got\none and Knesseth Israel's got one.\n\nBERMAN: Where's the third? Chabad?\n\nMAZER: You're right. Chabad I think has one. But they've . . . I guess we've got\ntwo-and-a-half. Maybe. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/87111/file/175604#t=2430.0,2460.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/87111/file/175604/transcript/41956/annotation/83","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"KI, Knesseth Israel, has used some of Beth El's members\nwhen they were short chevra kadisha members. But this community . . . in the\nlate 1800's when the Jews from Russia . . . eastern Jews came in in the late\n1800's . . . we needed a ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/87111/file/175604#t=2460.0,2490.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/87111/file/175604/transcript/41956/annotation/84","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"cemetery . . . but wouldn't participate in Emanu-El.\nBut Emanu-El had a large piece of land on the Northside. They split it off and\nsold part of it to the Orthodox. I don't know if you've had this covered or not.\n\nBERMAN: [No].\n\nMAZER: No? So, on the Northside . . . the old cemeteries . . . we have Emanu-El,\nwhich is very nice. And right across the street is the Knesseth Israel ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/87111/file/175604#t=2490.0,2520.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/87111/file/175604/transcript/41956/annotation/85","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and\nsubsequently the Beth-El cemeteries. They've been sold out. We still have some\nburials there. Chevra kadisha-wise, there was only one in the community until, I\nthink it was the [19]30's. As Jews are wont to do, there was a disagreement and\nit ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/87111/file/175604#t=2520.0,2550.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/87111/file/175604/transcript/41956/annotation/86","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"split. Beth-El started its own chevra kadisha. Mazeda . . . and I'm not sure\nabout the history of this, but I think he was active with KI [Knesseth Israel]\non the Northside. And then he moved over here [to the] Southside and moved just\na block or so away, and Beth-El formed its own chevra ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/87111/file/175604#t=2550.0,2580.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/87111/file/175604/transcript/41956/annotation/87","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"kadisha. And at that time\nI think he was head of it. The family's been active in it. Sol's father, Uncle\nMax, was head of the chevra kadisha. His younger brother, Uncle Hyman, was head\nof the chevra kadisha. And another brother, Uncle Charlie, was not the head of\nchevra kadisha but he handled the finances and ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/87111/file/175604#t=2580.0,2610.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/87111/file/175604/transcript/41956/annotation/88","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"the billing. Then it fell to Joe\nResnick, who is in a retirement home right now. Then I inherited the job . . .\nso it's come down the pike.\n\nBERMAN: What do you do, exactly, as part of the job?\n\nMAZER: Normally a chevra kadisha does the taharah [Hebrew: purification]. The\ntaharah is washing and ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/87111/file/175604#t=2610.0,2640.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/87111/file/175604/transcript/41956/annotation/89","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"dressing and taking care of the body, putting it in the\ncasket. I'm not sure whether I added to the job or not, but when someone in the\ncongregation passes away they'll generally call me, or call the shul, or call\nthe rabbi. Then the rabbi will ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/87111/file/175604#t=2640.0,2670.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/87111/file/175604/transcript/41956/annotation/90","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"call. I'll try to counsel the bereaved, the\nsurvivors, or what have you . . . and tell them what to expect, where they have\nto go, which is not a lot . . . line up the chevra kadisha. We have . . . for\nwomen we have a separate chevra kadisha. And attend the funeral, and that's ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/87111/file/175604#t=2670.0,2700.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/87111/file/175604/transcript/41956/annotation/91","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"it.\n\nBERMAN: Is it a difficult job for you?\n\nMAZER: Obviously it's not fun, but you learn to cope. One of the difficult\nthings is handling and having to bury your friends.\n\nBERMAN: That would be extremely difficult.\n\nMAZER: Actually, hands-on burial of friends and people you grew up with . . .\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/87111/file/175604#t=2700.0,2730.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/87111/file/175604/transcript/41956/annotation/92","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"guys that you played ball with . . . you went to school, and what have you. The\nolder you get the more those things happen. That makes it a little bit tough.\n\nBERMAN: Do you feel it's a mitzvah [Hebrew: good deed] for you to be doing this?\n\nMAZER: I'm told it is. I don't really feel that way. It's just something that\nsomebody needs to do. The only ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/87111/file/175604#t=2730.0,2760.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/87111/file/175604/transcript/41956/annotation/93","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"way I can cope with it . . . is as soon as it\nhappens I'll try to forget about it and go on. I've been involved for a number\nof years, so we've buried a lot of people.\n\nBERMAN: That's remarkable. I've always admired people who work with chevra\nkadisha because I think it's a tough . . .\n\nMAZER: . . . it can be, and especially . . . we had to bury a young fella who\nwas a ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/87111/file/175604#t=2760.0,2790.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/87111/file/175604/transcript/41956/annotation/94","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"friend of the family . . . a 14-year-old [who] fought cancer.\n\nBERMAN: That's horrible.\n\nMAZER: Beautiful little guy. That was tough.\n\nBERMAN: I bet. That must've been awful. I'm sorry.\n\nMAZER: That was the worst. But anyway, that's a job that needs to be done. It\njust fell in my lap to do it. So we do it.\n\nBERMAN: Well, I admire you for doing it. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/87111/file/175604#t=2790.0,2820.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/87111/file/175604/transcript/41956/annotation/95","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Thank you.\n\nMAZER: You're quite welcome.\n\nBERMAN: I always appreciate it. It was a wonderful interview, and thank you for participating.\n\nMAZER: You're welcome. Thank you for inviting [me].","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/87111/file/175604#t=2820.0,2850.0"}]},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/87111/file/175604/annotation_set/996","type":"AnnotationPage","label":{"en":["Annotations [Transcript]"]},"items":[{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/87111/file/175604/annotation_set/996/annotation/96","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eEphraim “Eph” Mazer was born in 1928 in Birmingham, Alabama to Eva and Ben Mazer. He was involved in his family’s multiple businesses and has been a longtime member of Temple Beth-El. He also served as the President of the Levite Jewish Community Center in Birmingham. Eph is a member of Beth-El’s chevra kadisha.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/87111/file/175604#t=0.0,30.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/87111/file/175604/annotation_set/996/annotation/97","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe Esther and Herbert Taylor Family Foundation supports The Esther and Herbert Taylor Oral History Collection at the Cuba Family Archives for Southern Jewish History at the Breman Museum in Atlanta, which consists of a thousand oral histories that document Jewish life in Georgia and Alabama. The foundation was founded in 1983 and is administered by the Jewish Federation of Greater Atlanta.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/87111/file/175604#t=0.0,30.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/87111/file/175604/annotation_set/996/annotation/98","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe William Breman Jewish Heritage Museum in Atlanta celebrates and commemorates Jewish history, culture, and art through events and museum spaces. The Breman also contains the Cuba Family Archives for Southern Jewish History, which houses thousands of manuscripts, oral histories, and photograph collections, related to southern Jewish history and the Holocaust. This interview with Ephraim Mazer is one of those transcripts.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/87111/file/175604#t=0.0,30.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/87111/file/175604/annotation_set/996/annotation/99","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eSandra Katz \"Sandy\" Berman is an American archivist. A native of Cleveland, Ohio, she was the founding archivist of the Cleveland Jewish Archives. She later moved to Atlanta, Georgia, and in 1985 became the founding archivist of the Ida Pearle and Joseph Cuba Archives for Southern Jewish History at the William Breman Jewish Heritage Museum. During her 28-year tenure at the Breman, she co-curated multiple exhibitions and expanded the scope of the museum to include collections from Jewish communities throughout Georgia and surrounding states. She is the interviewer for many of the oral histories that can be found in this collection.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/87111/file/175604#t=0.0,30.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/87111/file/175604/annotation_set/996/annotation/100","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eBirmingham is the seat of Jefferson County and the third-most populous city in the state of Alabama.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/87111/file/175604#t=30.0,60.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/87111/file/175604/annotation_set/996/annotation/101","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eSol Kimerling (1930-2022) was a native of Birmingham, Alabama. He graduated from the University of Alabama and served in the U.S. Air Force during the Korean War. He worked in the family business in Birmingham, M. Kimerling and Sons, a scrap metal business started by his grandfather and expanded by his father. He was President of Birmingham Jewish Federation and a board member of YMCA.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/87111/file/175604#t=60.0,90.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/87111/file/175604/annotation_set/996/annotation/102","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eAustria-Hungary (also known as the Austro-Hungarian Empire) was a constitutional monarchy union between the crowns of the Austrian Empire and the Kingdom of Hungary. In 1867, the House of Habsburg agreed to share power with the Hungarian government, dividing the territory of the former Austrian Empire between them. It was one of the great world powers in the early 1900’s. It lasted for 51 years before it was dissolved in 1918 after Austria-Hungary’s defeat in World War I.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/87111/file/175604#t=60.0,90.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/87111/file/175604/annotation_set/996/annotation/103","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eZaydeh is the Yiddish word for grandfather.  It is sometimes spelled “zayde.”\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/87111/file/175604#t=90.0,120.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/87111/file/175604/annotation_set/996/annotation/104","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eLeeds is a tri-county municipality located in Jefferson, St. Clair, and Shelby counties in the U.S. state of Alabama. It is an eastern suburb of Birmingham.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/87111/file/175604#t=120.0,150.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/87111/file/175604/annotation_set/996/annotation/105","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eAtlanta is the capital and most populous city of the state of Georgia. It is the seat of Fulton County and the eighth-most populous city in the southeastern United States. As of 2012, the Atlanta metro’s Jewish population is the ninth largest in the United States.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/87111/file/175604#t=120.0,150.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/87111/file/175604/annotation_set/996/annotation/106","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eJoseph Lionel Mazer (1924-2012) was born on July 14, 1924 in Birmingham, Alabama to Eva and Ben Mazer. He graduated from Ramsay High School and the University of Illinois with a degree in engineering. He served in India and China during World War II. He was the owner of Bari Corporation, Fern Construction Company, Mazer Homes, and Central Hearing Aid Service in Memphis, Tennessee. He passed away on March 30, 2012.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/87111/file/175604#t=150.0,180.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/87111/file/175604/annotation_set/996/annotation/107","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eMemphis is the seat of Shelby County, the second-most populous city in the state of Tennessee, and the fifth-most populous city in the southeastern United States.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/87111/file/175604#t=150.0,180.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/87111/file/175604/annotation_set/996/annotation/108","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003e Jacob Baer “J.B.” Mazer (1932-2020) was born on December 20, 1932 in Birmingham, Alabama to Eva and Ben Mazer. He was the owner of Mazer Lumber Company and Mazer Discount Home Centers. He was well-regarded for his storytelling abilities. J.B. was the former president of Temple Beth-El in Birmingham and an integral member of numerous regional, national, and international Jewish organizations. He passed away on June 12, 2020.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/87111/file/175604#t=150.0,180.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/87111/file/175604/annotation_set/996/annotation/109","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eHouston is the most populous city in the state of Texas and in the Southern United States, as well as the fourth most populous city in the United States. As of 2016, there are over 40 synagogues in the Houston metropolitan area.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/87111/file/175604#t=240.0,270.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/87111/file/175604/annotation_set/996/annotation/110","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eAlso known as the “Great Depression.” The Great Depression was a severe worldwide economic depression in the decade preceding World War II. The timing of the Great Depression varied across nations, but in most countries it started in about 1929 and lasted until the late 1930s or early 1940s.  It was the longest, most widespread, and deepest depression of the 20th century. he Great Depression is often seen as the major turning point in 20th-century world history. In Europe, World War I had a long-term impact on the economy and financial stability. Postwar inflation spiraled into hyperinflation by the 1920’s and European banks struggled to stay open. Exasperating the situation were skyrocketing unemployment rates. The Great Depression had immediately visible political and social ramifications in Europe, including increased antisemitism and nationalism.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/87111/file/175604#t=240.0,270.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/87111/file/175604/annotation_set/996/annotation/111","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eRamsay High School is a four-year magnet high school in Birmingham, Alabama. It became a magnet school in 1975. As of 2015, over 99 percent of Ramsay students are African American.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/87111/file/175604#t=300.0,330.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/87111/file/175604/annotation_set/996/annotation/112","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003e(Hebrew for ‘son of commandment.’)  A rite of passage for Jewish boys aged 13 years and one day. At that time, a Jewish boy is considered a responsible adult for most religious purposes. He is now duty bound to keep the commandments, he puts on tefillin, and may be counted to the minyan quorum for public worship.  He celebrates the bar mitzvah by being called up to the reading of the Torah in the synagogue, usually on the next available Sabbath after his Hebrew birthday. \u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/87111/file/175604#t=390.0,420.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/87111/file/175604/annotation_set/996/annotation/113","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThis is a geographic division peculiar to Birmingham.   It is at the tail end of the Appalachian foothills.  Red Mountain lies immediately south of downtown and is more like a prominent ridge.  Red Mountain is red in color because of the rust-stained rock faces and seams of red hematite iron ore, the source for most of the ore for Birmingham’s great iron furnaces. North of the ridge is referred to as the “Northside” and has an industrial, gritty feel.  The “Southside” is shielded by the ridge from the pollution and rough streets of the “Northside” and is considered “upscale” and is the site of Birmingham’s more affluent suburbs such as Mountain Brook. \u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/87111/file/175604#t=420.0,450.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/87111/file/175604/annotation_set/996/annotation/114","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eShul is a Yiddish word for synagogue that is derived from a German word meaning “school,” and emphasizes the synagogue's role as a place of study.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/87111/file/175604#t=420.0,450.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/87111/file/175604/annotation_set/996/annotation/115","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe first Orthodox congregation to organize in Birmingham, Alabama in 1889. Also known as KI, its current (2022) rabbi is Moshe Rube.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/87111/file/175604#t=420.0,450.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/87111/file/175604/annotation_set/996/annotation/116","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eHebrew school can be either the Jewish equivalent of Sunday school (an educational regimen separate from secular education, focusing on topics of Jewish history and learning the Hebrew language), or a primary, secondary, or college level educational institution where some or all of the classes are taught in Hebrew.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/87111/file/175604#t=420.0,450.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/87111/file/175604/annotation_set/996/annotation/117","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eTemple Beth-El was founded in 1907 and was originally on the north side of Birmingham, Alabama, and was affiliated with Orthodox Judaism. Today it is affiliated with the United Synagogue of Conservative Judaism. The current sanctuary was built in 1926 on Highland Avenue on the Southside. As of 2022, Rabbi Hillel Norry, based in Atlanta, serves as the synagogue's Interim Rabbi.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/87111/file/175604#t=450.0,480.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/87111/file/175604/annotation_set/996/annotation/118","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eYoung Judaea is a peer-led Zionist youth movement for Jewish youths in grades 2-12. It was founded in 1909 and its programs include youth clubs, conventions, summer camps and Israel programs with an emphasis on social action and Jewish identity.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/87111/file/175604#t=450.0,480.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/87111/file/175604/annotation_set/996/annotation/119","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eA summer camp with an orientation to Zionism and Zionist philosophy. It was opened in the summer of 1946.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/87111/file/175604#t=480.0,510.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/87111/file/175604/annotation_set/996/annotation/120","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe Poconos Mountains is a region in northeastern Pennsylvania, United States. They are the uplands of the larger Allegheny Plateau and cover about 2,400 square miles. It is a popular vacation area with resort hotels and fishing, hunting, skiing and other sports.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/87111/file/175604#t=480.0,510.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/87111/file/175604/annotation_set/996/annotation/121","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eZionism is a movement which supports a Jewish national state in the territory defined as the Land of Israel. Although Zionism existed before the nineteenth century, in the 1890s Theodor Herzl popularized it and gave it a new urgency, as he believed that Jewish life in Europe was threatened and a State of Israel was needed. The State of Israel was established in 1948 and Zionism today is expressed as support for the continued existence of Israel.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/87111/file/175604#t=480.0,510.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/87111/file/175604/annotation_set/996/annotation/122","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe Grand Order of the Aleph Zadik Aleph (AZA) is an international youth-led fraternal organization for Jewish teenagers, founded in 1924. It currently exists as the male wing of B’nai B’rith Youth Organization, an independent non-profit organization. AZA’s sister organization, for teenage girls, is the B’nai B’rith Girls.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/87111/file/175604#t=510.0,540.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/87111/file/175604/annotation_set/996/annotation/123","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eChattanooga is a city in and the county seat of Hamilton County, Tennessee, United States. It is located on the Tennessee River. Chattanooga is Tennessee’s fourth-largest city.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/87111/file/175604#t=510.0,540.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/87111/file/175604/annotation_set/996/annotation/124","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eNashville is the capital city of the state of Tennessee and the seat of Davidson County. It is the fourth-most populous city in the southeastern United States.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/87111/file/175604#t=510.0,540.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/87111/file/175604/annotation_set/996/annotation/125","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eTemple Emanu-El is a Reform Jewish congregation in Birmingham, Alabama. The community first held Rosh HaShanah and Yom Kippur celebrations in 1881. Before the synagogue was built, the community met at the Cumberland Presbyterian Church. Land for the synagogue was purchased in 1884 and the building was inaugurated in 1889. As of 2022, the spiritual leader of the congregation is Rabbi Adam M. Wright.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/87111/file/175604#t=540.0,570.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/87111/file/175604/annotation_set/996/annotation/126","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eOne of the Harvest Festivals. It is seven days long and comes after the ingathering of the yearly harvest. It celebrates God’s bounty in nature and God’s protection, symbolized by the fragile booths in which the Israelites dwelt in the wilderness. During Sukkot Jews eat and live in such booths which gives the festival its name and character.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/87111/file/175604#t=570.0,600.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/87111/file/175604/annotation_set/996/annotation/127","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003e(Hebrew: Pesach) The anniversary of Israel’s liberation from Egyptian bondage. The holiday lasts for eight days. Unleavened bread, matzot, is eaten in memory of the unleavened bread prepared by the Israelite during their hasty flight from Egypt, when they had not time to wait for the dough to rise. On the first two nights of Passover, the seder, the central event of the holiday is celebrated. The seder service is one of the most colorful and joyous occasions in Jewish life.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/87111/file/175604#t=570.0,600.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/87111/file/175604/annotation_set/996/annotation/128","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eWorld War II (abbreviated WWII or WW2) was a global war involving fighting in most of the world and most countries. Most countries fought in the years 1939–1945 but some started fighting in 1937. Most of the world's countries, including all the great powers, fought as part of two military alliances: the Allies and the Axis Powers. World War II was the largest and deadliest conflict in all of history. It involved more countries, cost more money, involved more people, and killed more people than any other war in history. Between 50 to 85 million people died. The majority were civilians. It included massacres, the deliberate genocide of the Holocaust, strategic bombing, starvation, disease, and the only use of nuclear weapons against civilians in history.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/87111/file/175604#t=630.0,660.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/87111/file/175604/annotation_set/996/annotation/129","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eHarry Truman (1884-1972) was the 33rd President of the United States (1945-1953).  He was the Vice-President and as such succeeded to the Presidency on April 12, 1945 when President Franklin Roosevelt died less than three months after starting his fourth term.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/87111/file/175604#t=630.0,660.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/87111/file/175604/annotation_set/996/annotation/130","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eJim Crow laws were state and local laws in the United States enacted between 1876 and 1965. The name seems to have originated in the song “Jump Jim Crow,” a song-and-dance caricature of Blacks performed by white actor Thomas D. Rice in Blackface in 1832. As a result of Rice’s fame, “Jim Crow” became a pejorative expression meaning “Negro” by 1838 and the later segregation laws became known as “Jim Crow” laws. Jim Crow laws mandated racial segregation in all public facilities in the southern states of the former Confederacy, with a supposedly “separate but equal” status for Black Americans, although in reality this was not so. Some examples of Jim Crow laws are the segregation of public schools, places, and public transportation and the segregation of restrooms, restaurants and drinking fountains for whites and Blacks. Private businesses, political parties, and unions created their own Jim Crow arrangements, barring Blacks from buying homes in certain neighborhoods, from shopping or working in certain stores, from working at certain trades, etc. In the middle twentieth century, the Supreme Court began to overturn Jim Crow laws on constitutional grounds. Rosa Parks defied the Jim Crow laws when she refused to give up her seat on a bus to a white man, which became a catalyst to the Civil Rights movement. Her actions, and the demonstrations that followed, led to a series of legislative and court decisions that contributed to undermining the Jim Crow system. The Civil Rights Act of 1964 officially ended Jim Crow segregation laws.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/87111/file/175604#t=660.0,690.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/87111/file/175604/annotation_set/996/annotation/131","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eKosher/Kashrut is the set of Jewish dietary laws.  Food that may be consumed according to halakha (Jewish law) is termed kosher in English. Food that is not in accordance with Jewish law is called treif . The word kosher has become English vernacular, a colloquialism meaning proper, legitimate, genuine, fair, or acceptable.  The system is continued down through the whole process right down to the retail level.  In the old days the shochet (the person who ritually slaughtered the animals according to kosher laws) sold the meat as well, but if the meat was transferred to a retail store the whole shop had to be kosher as if any non-kosher meat touched kosher meat then it became treif.  Today, kosher meats and foods are all sealed up and consequently can be sold in a grocery store as the items never touch anything non-kosher.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/87111/file/175604#t=810.0,840.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/87111/file/175604/annotation_set/996/annotation/132","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eRabbi Abraham J. Mesch was the rabbi at Temple Beth-El for over 27 years, from 1935 to his death in 1962. He was an ardent supporter and public advocate of Zionism.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/87111/file/175604#t=930.0,960.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/87111/file/175604/annotation_set/996/annotation/133","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eAlso known as Masorti Judaism, Conservative Judaism is a form of Judaism that seeks to preserve Jewish tradition and ritual, but has a more flexible approach to the interpretation of the law than Orthodox Judaism. It attempts to combine a positive attitude toward modern culture, while preserving a commitment to Jewish observance. In general, Conservative congregations also observe gender equality (mixed seating, women rabbis, and bat mitzvah). The governing body for Conservative Judaism in the United States is the United Synagogue of Conservative Judaism (USCJ), formerly known as the United Synagogue of America.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/87111/file/175604#t=990.0,1020.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/87111/file/175604/annotation_set/996/annotation/134","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eReform Judaism is a division within Judaism, especially in North America and the United Kingdom. Historically it began in the 19th century. In general, the Reform movement maintains that Judaism and Jewish traditions should be modernized and compatible with participation in Western culture. While the Torah remains the law, in Reform Judaism women are included (mixed seating, bat mitzvah, and women rabbis), instrumental music is allowed in the services, and most of the service is in the local language as opposed to Hebrew.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/87111/file/175604#t=1020.0,1050.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/87111/file/175604/annotation_set/996/annotation/135","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe Young Men’s Hebrew Association (and its counterpart, the Young Women’s Hebrew Association, YWHA) was set up in various cities of the United States for the mental, moral, social and physical improvement of Jewish young men and women. The first YMHW was started in New York in 1874 and spread across the country in the following years. They still exist today and are more like social clubs.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/87111/file/175604#t=1080.0,1110.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/87111/file/175604/annotation_set/996/annotation/136","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe Levite Jewish Community Center began as the Young Men’s Hebrew Association (YMHA) and was founded in 1887. It was a center for the Eastern European Jews of the Northside. Throughout the years, it served as a meeting spot for all sorts of Jewish organizations and was the site of many social events. In the 1950s, it became the “Levite Jewish Community Center,” and moved to a $1,000,000 complex on Montclair Road.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/87111/file/175604#t=1110.0,1140.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/87111/file/175604/annotation_set/996/annotation/137","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eShabbat (Hebrew) or Shabbos (Yiddish) is the Jewish Sabbath and is observed on Saturdays. Shabbat observance entails refraining from work activities and engaging in restful activities to honor the day. Shabbat begins at sundown on Friday night and is ushered in by lighting candles and reciting a blessing. It is closed the following evening with the recitation of the havdalah blessing.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/87111/file/175604#t=1440.0,1470.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/87111/file/175604/annotation_set/996/annotation/138","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThis is an American, particularly Southern, idiom meaning to cause trouble or create an uproar. Cain was the first murderer according to the Bible. Cain killed his brother Abel because God accepted his offering but not his. Cain is then cursed by God. “To raise” is a transitive verb that has been used since the 14th century, meaning “to conjure up; to cause a spirit to appear by means of incantations.” So someone who is raising Cain is conjuring up the accursed spirit of Cain to raise hell.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/87111/file/175604#t=1470.0,1500.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/87111/file/175604/annotation_set/996/annotation/139","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eA Jewish Federation (often known as the \"Federation\" or the \"Fed\") is the secular primary Jewish nonprofit organization found within most metropolitan areas (or sometimes states) in North America that host a substantial Jewish community. Their broad purpose is to provide \"human services,\" generally, but not exclusively, to the local Jewish community. All federations at least operate an annual central campaign then allocate the proceeds to affiliated local agencies. There are 148 Jewish Federations. The national umbrella organization for the federations is the Jewish Federations of North America.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/87111/file/175604#t=1530.0,1560.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/87111/file/175604/annotation_set/996/annotation/140","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eRichard Friedman was the Executive Director of the Birmingham Jewish Federation for 37 years until he stepped down from the role in 2019. During his tenure Friedman helped raise more than $125 million, mainly from Birmingham’s 6,500-member Jewish community, for Jewish needs locally and globally. Throughout his work, he has been heavily-involved with Israel, traveling there more than fifty times and speaking and writing extensively over the years on Israel and other Jewish topics.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/87111/file/175604#t=1530.0,1560.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/87111/file/175604/annotation_set/996/annotation/141","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe American Civil Rights Movement encompasses social movements in the United States whose goal was to end racial segregation and discrimination against Black Americans and enforce constitutional voting rights to them. The movement was characterized by major campaigns of civil resistance. Between 1955 and 1968, acts of nonviolent protest and civil disobedience produced crisis situations between activists and government authorities. Noted legislative achievements during this phase of the Civil Rights Movement were passage of the Civil Rights Act of 1964, the Voting Rights Act of 1965, the Immigration and Nationality Services Act of 1965, and the Fair Housing Act of 1968.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/87111/file/175604#t=1590.0,1620.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/87111/file/175604/annotation_set/996/annotation/142","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eIn 1958, members of Congregation Beth El discovered 54 sticks of dynamite in one of their synagogue’s basement window wells. It was in a blue bag loaded with nitroglycerine. The dynamite failed to detonate due to a faulty fuse.  It would easily have destroyed the whole synagogue and coincided with a similar bombing in Jacksonville, Florida. The police never found those responsible. The Birmingham incident was linked with the actual bombing of a synagogue in Jacksonville, Florida and a black school. They were apparently timed to go off together.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/87111/file/175604#t=1590.0,1620.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/87111/file/175604/annotation_set/996/annotation/143","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe swastika is an equilateral cross with its arms bent at right angles, in either right-facing or left-facing form. It dates back to ancient India and the Far East. In fact, the word comes from the Sanskrit “svastika” meaning “to be good.” The Nazis appropriated the symbol in the 1930s and incorporated it into the party flag. Their swastika bends to the right (clockwise).  卐 Thus, in the West it is strongly associated with Nazism and related ideologies such as fascism and white supremacism in the Western world and is now largely stigmatized in the West. It has been outlawed in Germany. \u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/87111/file/175604#t=1620.0,1650.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/87111/file/175604/annotation_set/996/annotation/144","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eRabbi Emeritus Jonathan Miller led Birmingham’s Temple Emanu-El from 1991 to 2017. Rabbi Miller was ordained in 1982 at the New York Campus of the Hebrew Union College, Jewish Institute of Religion, where he has received an honorary Doctorate of Divinity and a Master of Arts in Hebrew Letters.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/87111/file/175604#t=1620.0,1650.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/87111/file/175604/annotation_set/996/annotation/145","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eA small retail store owned by an individual or families and run by them and their families. They have been rapidly disappearing from the American retail landscape.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/87111/file/175604#t=1680.0,1710.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/87111/file/175604/annotation_set/996/annotation/146","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eIn 1963 as Birmingham struggled in the throes of the Civil Rights era, Martin Luther King Jr. made pleas to the Birmingham clergy, including rabbis, to support his marches. When the Jewish rabbis counseled patience and moderation and asked him to wait for desegregation laws to take effect, King called them out on their perceived passivity in a “Letter from a Birmingham Jail.” The letter gained national attention and a few weeks later a group of 19 conservative rabbis from the North, outraged by the images they saw on the TV of black protestors being beaten, arrived in Birmingham. They didn’t tell anyone in the Jewish community they were coming, which angered the rabbis and many Jews in Birmingham. After talking with King in the Birmingham jail, they toured black churches making speeches of support. Then they left. The whole episode appeared high-handed to the Birmingham Jewish community and they feared an anti-Semitic backlash from the KKK. \u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/87111/file/175604#t=1740.0,1770.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/87111/file/175604/annotation_set/996/annotation/147","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eKarl Bernard Friedman (1924-2018) taught Hebrew school at Temple Beth-El in Birmingham and was the congregation’s youngest president, serving from 1961 to 1963. He was also the president of the Levite Jewish Community Center from 1964 to 1968. He served as a fighter pilot during World War II and became a lawyer after graduating with a law degree from the University of Alabama.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/87111/file/175604#t=1770.0,1800.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/87111/file/175604/annotation_set/996/annotation/148","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eAbraham “Abe” Berkowitz (1907-1985) was a Jewish attorney in Birmingham, Alabama notable for his leadership in representing African American defendants, attacking the Ku Klux Klan, and promoting the change from Birmingham’s City Commission style of government.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/87111/file/175604#t=1800.0,1830.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/87111/file/175604/annotation_set/996/annotation/149","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eMilton Louis Grafman (1907-1995) was an American rabbi who led Temple Emanu-El in Birmingham, Alabama from 1941 until his retirement in 1975. He then served as Rabbi Emeritus from 1975 until his death in 1995. He was one of eight local clergy members who signed a public statement entitled “A Call for Unity,” criticizing the Birmingham Campaign, to which Martin Luther King, Jr. responded in his “Letter from Birmingham Jail.”\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/87111/file/175604#t=1800.0,1830.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/87111/file/175604/annotation_set/996/annotation/150","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eKnoxville is a city in and the county seat of Knox County in the U.S. state of Tennessee. It is the third largest city in Tennessee.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/87111/file/175604#t=1830.0,1860.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/87111/file/175604/annotation_set/996/annotation/151","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe University of Tennessee is a public land-grant research university in Knoxville, Tennessee. Founded in 1794, it is the flagship campus of the University of Tennessee system.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/87111/file/175604#t=1830.0,1860.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/87111/file/175604/annotation_set/996/annotation/152","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eFort Bliss is a United States Army post in New Mexico and Texas, with its headquarters in El Paso. \u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/87111/file/175604#t=1860.0,1890.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/87111/file/175604/annotation_set/996/annotation/153","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eFort Lauderdale is a coastal city in the U.S. state of Florida, 30 miles north of Miami along the Atlantic Ocean. It is the county seat of and largest city in Broward County. It is the tenth largest city in the state of Florida.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/87111/file/175604#t=1890.0,1920.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/87111/file/175604/annotation_set/996/annotation/154","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe University of Alabama is a public research university in Tuscaloosa, Alabama. Established in 1820 and opened to students in 1831, the University of Alabama is the oldest and largest of the public universities in Alabama as well as the University of Alabama System.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/87111/file/175604#t=1950.0,1980.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/87111/file/175604/annotation_set/996/annotation/155","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eHarvey Burg was active in the Civil Rights Movement in Birmingham. From 1964 to 1966 he lived in Alabama in the summers and in 1966 after graduating law school he moved to Birmingham. He joined Oscar Adams, a black attorney, and the firm was renamed Adams and Burg. It was the first integrated law firm in Alabama since Reconstruction. He and his firm represented black citizens who sought equal opportunity in employment, secure voting rights, integration and equal opportunity and pay in business and the health care system.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/87111/file/175604#t=2040.0,2070.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/87111/file/175604/annotation_set/996/annotation/156","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eBoston is the capital and the largest city of the Commonwealth of Massachusetts and the cultural and financial center of the New England region of the Northeastern United States.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/87111/file/175604#t=2040.0,2070.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/87111/file/175604/annotation_set/996/annotation/157","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eSelma is a small city and county seat of Dallas County, Alabama, United States. Selma is famous for its role in the civil rights movement during the 1960s, particularly in the context of the Selma to Montgomery marches in 1965.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/87111/file/175604#t=2070.0,2100.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/87111/file/175604/annotation_set/996/annotation/158","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe Fairmont Club was established in 1920 for Eastern European Jews.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/87111/file/175604#t=2100.0,2130.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/87111/file/175604/annotation_set/996/annotation/159","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eAn organization of Jewish men and women who see to it that the bodies of Jews are prepared for burial according to Jewish tradition. The task is considered a laudable one as the recipient cannot return the gift. It is referred to as a ‘good deed of truth.’\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/87111/file/175604#t=2400.0,2430.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/87111/file/175604/annotation_set/996/annotation/160","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eChabad of Alabama was founded by the Lubavitcher Rebbe, Rabbi Menachem M. Schneerson. Chabad of Alabama is affiliated with the Hasidic Chabad-Lubavitch movement within Orthodox Judaism.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/87111/file/175604#t=2430.0,2460.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/87111/file/175604/annotation_set/996/annotation/161","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eTaharah refers to the Jewish religious ceremony of washing a deceased individual’s body before burial to ensure ritual purity.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/87111/file/175604#t=2610.0,2640.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/87111/file/175604/annotation_set/996/annotation/162","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe Hebrew word “mitzvah” refers to precepts and commandments as commanded by God. It is used in rabbinical Judaism to refer to the 613 commandments given in the Torah at Mount Sinai and the seven rabbinic commandments instituted later for a total of 620. In its secondary meaning, the Hebrew “mitzvah” refers to a moral deed performed as a religious duty.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/87111/file/175604#t=2730.0,2760.0"}]},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/87111/file/175604/index/52674","type":"AnnotationPage","label":{"en":["Mazer, Ephraim [Index]"]},"items":[{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/87111/file/175604/index/52674/annotation/163","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Family History","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Title"]}}],"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/87111/file/175604#t=27.0,320.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/87111/file/175604/index/52674/annotation/164","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I'd like to begin by asking you to tell me a little bit about yourself, when you were born and how . . . your parent's names . . . and how you and your family ended up in Birmingham [Alabama].","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Partial Transcript"]}}],"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/87111/file/175604#t=27.0,320.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/87111/file/175604/index/52674/annotation/165","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Atlanta, Georgia","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Austria-Hungary","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Birmingham, Alabama","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Great Depression","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Houston, Texas","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Kimerling, Eva","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Kimerling, Michael","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Kimerling, Sol","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Leeds, Alabama","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Mazer Lumber Company","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Mazer 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