{"@context":"http://iiif.io/api/presentation/3/context.json","id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/iiif/251fj2c90m/manifest","type":"Manifest","label":{"en":["Glass, Charles"]},"logo":"https://d9jk7wjtjpu5g.cloudfront.net/organizations/logo_images/000/000/082/original/TheBreman_SecondaryMark_Horizontal_Blue_Black.png?1713640889","metadata":[{"label":{"en":["Date"]},"value":{"en":["2005-08-16 (captured)"]}},{"label":{"en":["Agent"]},"value":{"en":["Glass, Charles (Interviewee)","Ghitis, Sarah (Interviewer)"]}},{"label":{"en":["Language"]},"value":{"en":["English (primary)"]}},{"label":{"en":["Format"]},"value":{"en":["Audio"]}},{"label":{"en":["Source"]},"value":{"en":["William Breman Jewish Heritage Museum","Esther and Herbert Taylor Jewish Oral History Collection","Slave and Forced Labor Project"]}},{"label":{"en":["Description"]},"value":{"en":["\u003cp\u003eCharles Glass is interviewed on August 16, 2005 by Sarah Ghitis in San Francisco, California.\u003c/p\u003e (general)","\u003cp\u003eCharles (Chaskel/ Yechezkel Shraga) Glass was born on July 16, 1923, in Chrzanów, Poland. He was the eldest child and only son of merchants David and Lifcha Glass. He grew up among a large, close-knit extended family. The Glasses were deeply religious and traced their lineage to an influential Hasidic rabbi. Charles attended both public school and cheder and yeshiva, and he celebrated his bar mitzvah. As he grew older, he helped his parents in their store and other relatives with their businesses.\u003cbr\u003eWhen Germany invaded Poland in 1939, Charles was sixteen. His parents were forced to close their store, and like many Jews in Chrzanów, Charles was conscripted for forced labor like cleaning the German’s quarters, digging ditches, and other menial tasks. In the fall of 1940, he was sent to the Sakrau (Polish: Zakrów) forced labor camp, where he worked constructing a highway. Although his family initially managed to send him care packages, contact with them soon ceased.\u003cbr\u003eIn 1942, Charles was transferred to another labor camp and put to work on a railroad. At the beginning of 1943, he was deported to the Markstädt concentration camp, where he worked for a German construction company. In November 1943, he was selected for transport to the Fünfteichen concentration camp, where he remained until early 1944. He then passed through Gross-Rosen—spending two weeks laboring in its quarry—before being sent to a camp in Braunschweig, where he worked in an ammunition factory. When that camp was evacuated in the spring of 1945, he was sent by train to Bergen-Belsen. He was liberated there one week later, on April 15, 1945.\u003cbr\u003eAfter liberation, Charles spent several weeks in a hospital recovering from the years of starvation and abuse. He eventually returned to Chrzanów to search for surviving family. He reunited with two of his sisters and learned that their parents, youngest sister, and many relatives had been deported to Auschwitz-Birkenau and murdered. Charles and his surviving sisters resettled in the Bergen-Belsen Displaced Persons Camp.\u003cbr\u003eWhile working briefly in Berlin, Charles met another Polish survivor, Chana (Annie/Hanka) Glatt Glass (1924–2024).They married in Bergen-Belsen on September 18, 1946. Their first child, Zepporah, was born a few years later. In 1950, the young family immigrated to the United States, living first in Stockton, California, before making their home in San Francisco, where their son David was born. Charles’ sisters also emigrated, making their homes in Toronto, Canada and New York.\u003cbr\u003eIn San Francisco, Charles built a successful life as a businessman and community leader. He partnered with Annie’s cousin to open Lakeside Liquors, later expanding into a chain of laundromats and investments in real estate. He helped found the Hebrew Academy of San Francisco and Congregation Adath Israel, where he and Annie were deeply involved for many years. Charles passed away on June 18, 2015. Annie died on January 31, 2024. They are survived by their two children, along with five grandchildren and six great-grandchildren.\u003c/p\u003e (bioghist)","\u003cp\u003eCharles reminisces about his family and his early years. He recounts helping his family in their businesses and his first visit to Krakow. Charles remembers the German invasion of Poland and occupation of his town. He describes being selected for forced labor and forced to leave his family. Charles recalls some of the small occurrences that helped him survive as well as some of the challenges he had to overcome. He details conditions in the camps and how he was moved from one to another. Charles describes life in Braunschweig towards the end of the war. He talks about his evacuation to Bergen-Belsen. Charles remembers liberation. He talks about his life after liberation. Charles relates his return to Poland to search for his family. He recounts reuniting with two of his sisters and their post-liberation experiences. Charles traces their journey from Poland back to the DP camp. He mentions emigrating to the United States and settling in California.Charles talks about moving to San Francisco and opening a business. He reviews his family members and the role of religion in their lives. Charles describes life in his hometown. He shares what he knew about the war coming. Charles details early encounters with the Germans who occupied Chrzanow. He relates how forced laborers were treated and what happened to his family. Charles speaks about the treatment of prisoners, the camp hierarchy, and work he was forced to do. He expands on the camps he was in and what he did there. Charles describes Bergen-Belsen and recounts the camps’ liberation. He chronicles getting married, having children, and building a career. Charles considers the role of religion and his experiences in his life. He summarizes his trips back to Europe. Charles shows family photographs to the interviewer.\u003c/p\u003e (scope content)"]}},{"label":{"en":["Rights Statement"]},"value":{"en":["\u003cp\u003eAll rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, recorded by any information storage and retrieval system, without the express written consent of the William Breman Jewish Heritage Museum.\u003c/p\u003e"]}}],"summary":{"en":["\u003cp\u003eCharles Glass is interviewed on August 16, 2005 by Sarah Ghitis in San Francisco, California.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eCharles (Chaskel/ Yechezkel Shraga) Glass was born on July 16, 1923, in Chrzan\u0026oacute;w, Poland. He was the eldest child and only son of merchants David and Lifcha Glass. He grew up among a large, close-knit extended family. The Glasses were deeply religious and traced their lineage to an influential Hasidic rabbi. Charles attended both public school and cheder and yeshiva, and he celebrated his bar mitzvah. As he grew older, he helped his parents in their store and other relatives with their businesses.\u003cbr /\u003eWhen Germany invaded Poland in 1939, Charles was sixteen. His parents were forced to close their store, and like many Jews in Chrzan\u0026oacute;w, Charles was conscripted for forced labor like cleaning the German\u0026rsquo;s quarters, digging ditches, and other menial tasks. In the fall of 1940, he was sent to the Sakrau (Polish: Zakr\u0026oacute;w) forced labor camp, where he worked constructing a highway. Although his family initially managed to send him care packages, contact with them soon ceased.\u003cbr /\u003eIn 1942, Charles was transferred to another labor camp and put to work on a railroad. At the beginning of 1943, he was deported to the Markst\u0026auml;dt concentration camp, where he worked for a German construction company. In November 1943, he was selected for transport to the F\u0026uuml;nfteichen concentration camp, where he remained until early 1944. He then passed through Gross-Rosen\u0026mdash;spending two weeks laboring in its quarry\u0026mdash;before being sent to a camp in Braunschweig, where he worked in an ammunition factory. When that camp was evacuated in the spring of 1945, he was sent by train to Bergen-Belsen. He was liberated there one week later, on April 15, 1945.\u003cbr /\u003eAfter liberation, Charles spent several weeks in a hospital recovering from the years of starvation and abuse. He eventually returned to Chrzan\u0026oacute;w to search for surviving family. He reunited with two of his sisters and learned that their parents, youngest sister, and many relatives had been deported to Auschwitz-Birkenau and murdered. Charles and his surviving sisters resettled in the Bergen-Belsen Displaced Persons Camp.\u003cbr /\u003eWhile working briefly in Berlin, Charles met another Polish survivor, Chana (Annie/Hanka) Glatt Glass (1924\u0026ndash;2024).They married in Bergen-Belsen on September 18, 1946. Their first child, Zepporah, was born a few years later. In 1950, the young family immigrated to the United States, living first in Stockton, California, before making their home in San Francisco, where their son David was born. Charles\u0026rsquo; sisters also emigrated, making their homes in Toronto, Canada and New York.\u003cbr /\u003eIn San Francisco, Charles built a successful life as a businessman and community leader. He partnered with Annie\u0026rsquo;s cousin to open Lakeside Liquors, later expanding into a chain of laundromats and investments in real estate. He helped found the Hebrew Academy of San Francisco and Congregation Adath Israel, where he and Annie were deeply involved for many years. Charles passed away on June 18, 2015. Annie died on January 31, 2024. They are survived by their two children, along with five grandchildren and six great-grandchildren.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eCharles reminisces about his family and his early years. He recounts helping his family in their businesses and his first visit to Krakow. Charles remembers the German invasion of Poland and occupation of his town. He describes being selected for forced labor and forced to leave his family. Charles recalls some of the small occurrences that helped him survive as well as some of the challenges he had to overcome. He details conditions in the camps and how he was moved from one to another. Charles describes life in Braunschweig towards the end of the war. He talks about his evacuation to Bergen-Belsen. Charles remembers liberation. He talks about his life after liberation. Charles relates his return to Poland to search for his family. He recounts reuniting with two of his sisters and their post-liberation experiences. Charles traces their journey from Poland back to the DP camp. He mentions emigrating to the United States and settling in California.Charles talks about moving to San Francisco and opening a business. He reviews his family members and the role of religion in their lives. Charles describes life in his hometown. He shares what he knew about the war coming. Charles details early encounters with the Germans who occupied Chrzanow. He relates how forced laborers were treated and what happened to his family. Charles speaks about the treatment of prisoners, the camp hierarchy, and work he was forced to do. He expands on the camps he was in and what he did there. Charles describes Bergen-Belsen and recounts the camps\u0026rsquo; liberation. He chronicles getting married, having children, and building a career. Charles considers the role of religion and his experiences in his life. He summarizes his trips back to Europe. Charles shows family photographs to the interviewer.\u003c/p\u003e"]},"requiredStatement":{"label":{"en":["Attribution"]},"value":{"en":["\u003cp\u003eAll rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, recorded by any information storage and retrieval system, without the express written consent of the William Breman Jewish Heritage Museum.\u003c/p\u003e"]}},"provider":[{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/aboutus","type":"Agent","label":{"en":["William Breman Jewish Heritage Museum"]},"homepage":[{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/","type":"Text","label":{"en":["William Breman Jewish Heritage Museum"]},"format":"text/html"}],"logo":[{"id":"https://d9jk7wjtjpu5g.cloudfront.net/organizations/logo_images/000/000/082/original/TheBreman_SecondaryMark_Horizontal_Blue_Black.png?1713640889","type":"Image"}]}],"thumbnail":[{"id":"https://d9jk7wjtjpu5g.cloudfront.net/public/images/audio-default.png","type":"Image","format":"image/png"}],"items":[{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/164097/file/298754","type":"Canvas","label":{"en":["Media File 1 of 1 - Glass__Charles.mp3"]},"duration":12143.33388,"width":640,"height":360,"thumbnail":[{"id":"https://d9jk7wjtjpu5g.cloudfront.net/public/images/audio-default.png","type":"Image","format":"image/png"}],"items":[{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/164097/file/298754/content/1","type":"AnnotationPage","items":[{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/164097/file/298754/content/1/annotation/1","type":"Annotation","motivation":"painting","body":{"id":"https://aviary-p-thebreman.s3.wasabisys.com/collection_resource_files/resource_files/000/298/754/original/Glass__Charles.mp3?1765915326","type":"Audio","format":"audio/mpeg","duration":12143.33388,"width":640,"height":360},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/164097/file/298754","metadata":[]}]}],"annotations":[{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/164097/file/298754/transcript/87794","type":"AnnotationPage","label":{"en":["Glass, Charles [Transcript]"]},"items":[{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/164097/file/298754/transcript/87794/annotation/1","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eGhitis:\u003c/strong\u003e Today is August 16, 2005. I am interviewing Mr. Charles Glass, G-L-A-S-S. We are in San Francisco, California, United States. I am the interviewer. My name is Sarah Ghitis. Mr. Glass, could you please tell me the story of your life?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/164097/file/298754#t=2.0,37.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/164097/file/298754/transcript/87794/annotation/2","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eGlass:\u003c/strong\u003e Yes. You want me to start from where? Well, as a child, I cannot tell you anything, but when I was about four or five years old, I already knew what's going on because they sent me to a cheder to learn alef beit [Hebrew alphabet]. So, I made friends there, and I became a little bit. But I was mostly [with] my father and mother where we had a yardage store, where it was … We made a living, but we didn't yet make any money, nothing to put away. Since they were so busy in the store, they sent me to my grandfather and grandmother, which they had some children … I mean, which were already teenagers. They just liked me to be there because I was the only grandson in the family. The rest were girls. I was mostly there. I had an uncle who was about, I would say, ten, 12 years older than me there. He didn't let me out for … He liked me so much, he didn't let me for … But he was Orthodox. He was Hasidic. He took me to his place, where he davened and learned and so on. You know, I got … And this is how I was raised there. My father was also Orthodox but not like them. My grandfather and grandmother, they … I liked to be better there than at home. At home, I had at that time already two sisters because later on another sister was born. With girls, you know how it is: always a little fighting, a little jealous, a little that and that. This was like that. Then sometimes, I came home for a long time and stayed home, and then I went back there, and so on. I had an aunt there, my father's sister, and she was not married yet. She was like 20. She was the best looking … They said she was the best-looking girl in Chrzanow [Poland], in my hometown. She liked to take me along wherever she went. She went to a … If she went somewhere, they went to a river there somewhere, to Rawka [River]. I don't know if you heard about it. It's a place like … And we stayed there about a month. She'd take me along, and there was other friends and family were there, too, in the summer because in Chrzanow, it was hot. And we also … It was a regular life. Later on, you know, it was not very much like here. You couldn't go places and so on because there was no … There was just a train which went to the big city, to Krakow [Poland], but since we couldn't afford all these luxuries … So, I went to the yeshiva. It was the same thing every day, you know, we had friends, we did this, we did this. Then, my bar mitzvah came, and they taught me a speech. At that time, they didn't make bar mitzvahs like here. They made them just simple. You went to the shul [Yiddish: synagogue], you had an aliyah, and maybe a little schnapps, a little vodka, or whatever it is, with a piece of cake, and that was it. Luckily, the reason they called me Yechezkel, they called me after a rabbi, which my great-grandfather went to him. He was a very big rabbi, a Shinova rabbi they called him. He was a son of the Sanz reb. The Sanz reb was very famous all over Poland. Since when I was born, both my grandfathers were alive … I mean, four of my great-grandfathers are alive, so they didn't have to call me … I mean, their name, so they picked after that rabbi. The rabbi passed away already years ago, and they called me after that rabbi, Yechezkel Shraga. I have two names, Yechezkel Shraga, but I don't use the Shraga. You know, it was a regular life. I was not used … I didn't know about America at all. I didn't know even about the capital of Poland. I knew … I was very interested in history. I knew everything, but I never have been there. I never been in Krakow even, which is only 40 kilometers [25 miles] from my hometown, till I was about 16 years old. I never went to Krakow. But we had an aunt in Krakow. She came to us. She always bring a couple toys for the girls and so on because they did a good business there. It's a normal life and nothing … You know, we were used to that. We didn't have anything, too. We didn't dream even about going to America, to something like that. But, you know, times changed in the 1930s. I remember my parents said that it was in the early 1930s … What you call it, say here in America here? Like a crisis. People couldn't work. [They] said there was no work. There was a name for that here. It was a very bad time. My parents were worried they might lose their business. They couldn't pay the bills for the merchandise, what they have, and so on. But anyway, I started to go into the store and help them a little bit. I was very interested in that, because we had material for shirts. At that time, you couldn't go into a store and buy a suit, or a shirt, or so on. You had those people that made it—tailors—and all kind of the other things. And I was very … I liked the materials and so on. When my mother wanted to make things for my sisters, I picked up the material. I was a little bit … I knew already a little bit. My father used to get the Polish newspapers and so on. When I was eight or nine, I already liked to read the newspaper, like to see the news and so, and they called me … I don't know. I didn't want to talk about myself. They called me that I'm a genius. Everybody thought that I am a genius, that I have a good brain and everything. I was liked by everyone. Later on, about in the later 1930s, the middle 1930s got a little better. In our store, we had to give away on credit. Most of the customers in our store were working in the factory out of town, maybe like two kilometers [one mile] out of the town. Only, a Jew hardly couldn't get even [a job] in there because, you know, the men are antisemites. So, my mother used to go. My father couldn't go there. He had a beard and so on—you know, the Jewish dress. So, my mother went there to collect the thing. You know, we lost a little bit and then so on. But it still broke. At least we had to eat. That's what it was. We couldn't have any luxuries, but for me, my family, they wanted to buy the best always. So, I wore the nice suits, the nice things, and so on. Because I was the only son, the only grandson and the only son. But in this, it was just a normal life. It's not very much to say. I liked to help also my grandfather from the mother's side. He was not doing so good. He also had this merchandise with my father, but he didn't have a store. He went there. It was a marketplace like here they have sometimes, and every Thursday in Chrzanow. He had a little thing. He put it up and they sold some. Then another day, he went to another city and had everything. It was a very hard life. I remember Passover. He had a machine to grind matzahs, because people wanted to use it to make bubaleh [pancakes]. I don't know what that is. They paid. People came into his … He lived in one room—imagine, in one room—and the machine was in that room, too. I loved to be there. I loved [it]. There was not electricity, but you had to go with your hands and a wheel. For me, as a young person, it was something new. Every few weeks before Pesach, \"Grandpa,\" I said, \"I want to help you. I want to do this.\" \"Yeah, yeah,\" he said, \"That's okay.\" He gave me a few zlotowkas [coins] there. And that's the way it was then. We had a big family there because my sixth-generation grandfather was the first rabbi there in Chrzanow. They couldn't find a rabbi after him as good as he is, so it was a long time. Finally, after about 15, 20 years later, they found a rebbe, and the city grew. I remember when I was … Let's say maybe like before the war, the city had 20,000 [people]. Twenty thousand for this [time], it was big for Poland. It was like 10,000 Jews and 10,000 Poles. The Jews lived in the city. The Poles lived a little outside the city, but the older city was Jewish. When it came Shabbat, or a holiday, or Rosh HaShanah, or whatever, Pesach, you could see only the Jews, and shtreimels [fur hats]—you know what a shtreimel is?—and a long thing, and the children beautiful dressed, and so on, going to the synagogue [and] from the synagogue. It was something which I would not … I didn't dream even to have another life. All this came to nothing when it [the war] started, yes. Right before the war, I had an uncle. My mother's cousin married that beautiful aunt of mine. You know the one I told you that she took me around? He married her and they moved to Krakow. Krakow was a big city already, was a lot of Jewish things, and so on. The last summer before the war in 1939, she wanted to go on vacation with her … They had a child already [who was] about two or three years old. She wanted to go on a vacation. So, he called me up and he says to me, \"How would you like to come to Krakow and help me out a little in the business because I want to go for a day or two to visit my wife in the country?\" So, I said, \"Why not?\" I told my father and mother also. They let me go and they put me on the train. He waited already there for me. I remember when I came to Krakow, I opened my eyes. There was … See, we didn't have those toilets like this here, you know? And we didn't have gas stoves. Everything had to be done by hand, bring the coal, bring the wood, bring the water down from the … What do they call that? Yes, and there, everything was in the house and I was just … To me, it was … You know, also I never used a telephone till I came there. He had a telephone. He had a store. He was a wholesaler of imported food like watermelons, and apricots, and all these kinds of imported things, bananas, and so on. So, I came into a store and he teached me a little bit. After a few days I knew already everything. That phone, to me, was something like a new … I never had them before. Anyway, people called. He said he [would] teach me. When people call, they want to order something, or they want to pick up some food, this and this, and he [told me to write it] down and so on. I said, \"Uncle Bill'—his name was Bill—\"Uncle Bill, don't worry. I'll take care of it.\" I was 16 years old and that was in 1939, a few weeks before, a couple months before the war started. To me, it was something. Then, he came back, and he saw what I did. He said, \"How much do you want? I have to pay you.\" I said, \"Look, I don't want it. I don't need any money. And I don't want anything.\" But he took me out to the good kosher restaurant in Krakow, where nobody goes to a restaurant that's not a kosher restaurant. I never seen something like that, good meat and so on. He took me out. He took me to … Also, there was something the Poles got on the Vistula. That was the river there. They had something for [Tadeusz] Kosciuszko. I don't know if you heard about Kosciusko. He was a hero. There's even a city here in the United States, which it's called after him, Kosciuszko. There was music, there was this … He took me around, and for me, it was … But it was time to go home, because, you know, the clouds of war was already … We could see that something is going to happen. [Adolf] Hitler, he said he wanted that piece of Poland, and so on. He threatened Poland and Poland said, \"No, we are going to fight back,\" and so and so. It was … I went home. I went and that was maybe about a month before the war started. [The German invasion of Poland] comes a Friday, on September 1st. I think it's one or three. I think September 1st. All of a sudden, we get up in the morning, and we hear that they bombed a town near us about five kilometers [three miles] away, because there was oil, the oil magazines. That was a main station even there. The trains to Vienna [Austria], or to Berlin [Germany], or to Budapest [Hungary] went through that town. They bombed it and so on. For us, it was something terrible. People started to pack and go away, run away, but there was no cars at that time, very few cars. So, people walked with … It was … That was on a Friday. They walked. But after about going 20, 30 kilometers [between 12 and 18 miles], they got so tired that they came back and they said, \"Whatever's going to happen …\" because that … There was no point. The Germans went faster than they had walked with their tanks and so on. Then, people started to come back. Then all of a sudden, we heard that in that town, Trzebinia, [which] is about four kilometers [2.5 miles] from Chrzanow, where they bombed first … When some people came … About 20, 30 people were walking to Trzebinia, and the Germans saw that, and they took them in, and they shot them all—completely innocent people. This was the fourth day of the war, and everybody was hiding already. Well, there was no place where to hide. But anyway, we couldn't open the store, so we stayed at home. Yes, but what I left out is [that] the second day of the war, the Germans were near already to our town. We heard those artillery, and all kinds, and the planes over us, the German planes, and so on, and we couldn't stay in the house because we were afraid. So, we went down. Our store was about one house away and had a metal door. So, we figured over there maybe nothing is going to happen to us. We stayed there about two days. There, we have very little to eat, but our sister … I had a sister. She lives in Toronto [Canada] now and she was … There's a picture there in the album now. She was at that time maybe 14 years old. She was missing. She went because we send her to the grandmother and so on, and she didn't come back. We couldn't … But there was no phone or nothing like that. We didn't know what happened, but finally, a day later, she came back and she told us a story which … She tried to come back. So, the Germans catch her and ask, \"Where are you going?\" She said, \"I want to go home.\" [They said,] \"No, you're not going home. Get into that church.\" In that church, there were hundreds and hundreds of Jews already on the way. But she started to beg, she started to explain, and so on and so forth. Finally, she got a good German. He said, \"Run. Go. Run,\" and she came back. I tell you, that was some miracle. So, anyway, the Germans occupied our town and right away, they put out things. The Jews have to bring all their gold, and silver, and whatever is worth any money. You have to bring it that day, that time, on the marketplace, and so on. What can you do? Here you are, afraid if they will find it, they shoot you. On the other hand, you work so hard, you got things from the great-grandfathers, or grandfathers, and so on, and so on accumulated over hundreds of years. But anyway, most of the people went out and they took together everything: furs, and good furniture, and pictures, and silver things, no matter what it was. In the beginning, it was more or less okay. In fact, my father opened the store because we had to make a living. He opened the store. He say, \"What's going to be, will be.\" So, the first day he opened the story, a German come in and he looked at the thing. He says, \"Give me about three meters of that\"—yards; I don't know; here is yards, but there's meters—\"and this and this, and he got a whole, you know, half a table full. My father thought he was going to pay. He said, \"Wrap it in for me,\" and my farther wrapped it, and he said, \"Auf Wiedersehn.\" [German: Goodbye] So, my father says, \"You haven't paid yet.\" [The German said,] \"What, you want money, too, for that?\" My father was so upset. I just couldn't stand it. So, anyway, we locked the store. We took a little bit up to our apartment, whatever we had, and we didn't open that anymore. So, every day, new things … What you call it? Posters there [saying] this and this, \"You have to start …\" And they took us to hard labor there in the town. They want us to dig ditches. They want us to clean their rooms, the German army's rooms—they took over the schools and all these kind of things—clean the toilets, clean the that, clean the that. And they say, \"You dirty Jew. You this and this.\" So, it was so bad, but since we were young, we didn't feel so as the older people. We kind of … You know, we didn't think. But then, about … It went over about a year. After about a year, they came out with, I think, \"All the young people between 16 and 22 have to come that hour, that day into the gymnasium there,\" which is, gymnasiums there was like a high school here. So, we had to go because they said, if [we were] not going, then either they're going to shoot you or whatever it is. So, we went there—maybe 300 of us nice young people. You know, we were still in good health and everything else. They put us into a school and locked us [in]. Nobody could come and they didn't give us any food. Luckily, I had an uncle, my mother's brother, who had a store with ready-made jackets. And he was also on the board of the committee there, which was the Judenrat. But he was a good man. He was not one of those others. He came in to me in the school. Maybe my mother must have told him to come. He came in and he wore a jacket. He took off the jacket. It was already a little cold because that was right after Sukkot. That's probably like November. It was cold. He took off his jacket. He says, \"You're going away to that. This is a warm jacket. I brought it for you. You go and they take you somewhere, and you have at least for the winter a jacket.\" I could never forget that. That jacket saved me. I had the jacket till they gave me that, you know, the stripe things, which I told you, in 1944. That jacket … If not [for] that jacket, I would have frozen. I could never forget it. Anyway, after three days, they took us out, they put us and told us to march. They put us like five in a row, and there were these police, [unintelligible] police, or SS, or whatever they were. They went just like you take prisoners with the rifles ready, you know? And they told us they had to take us to the train through the streets, you know because … And that went through my … The house where we lived, that street. Since we couldn't look, when it came to my house, I didn't turn my head. I looked like this, up, and I saw. I cannot forget that scene. My mother was by the window. Nobody … They said not to stay by the windows. The Germans warned nobody should go to the window because they going to shoot. But I saw her and she recognized me. She started to cry. I saw her cry. I don't want to talk about it. Anyway, we went to the trains. They pushed us into those trains, and we didn't know where we were going. They didn't tell us. There was on the train also people already from the other places, from Oswiecim, which is they called it Auschwitz, and from Katowice, from different places. We did not know. The train went, and went, and went without no food, no water, nothing, nothing like that. Finally, maybe after hours and hours, it stopped in a place, and [they said,] \"Raus! [German: Out!] Raus!\" You know, they stayed with the rifles, [saying,] \"Raus! Raus! Juden [German: Jews], Raus!\" We came there and it was a newly built barracks. The barracks didn't have any heat, didn't have any water yet, nothing. And they said, \"Here you're going to stay,\" and so on. We didn't know. We went into the barracks. In the evenings, they gave us something, some kind of a whatever it is, a soup. But I didn't want to eat the soup because I never ate any non-kosher soup, you know? But after a few days, I saw if I'm not going to eat a soup, I'm not going to live. And so, I started to have the soup. The soup was anyway more water than everything else. And a little piece of black bread. Then, they took us the next morning. They put us in a line of four and they us took out. We had to walk about three, four kilometers [two to three miles]. We had to build a highway there. This is Sakrau [Zakrzow, Poland], the one I told you, the first one. We started from the beginning. You know, they hardly give us any … They give us some tools, but it was cold and we had to take off our jackets. They didn't want us to wear the jackets because you are lazy when you have a jacket on. So, we had [to] take [them] off. We just had a shirt or whatever, and we had to work like this. They called it … And you know, when somebody just got up and wanted to straighten out a little bit, he got hit from the Germans. It was terrible. But anyway, we got used to it. It took a little while. We got used to it. It was every day, even Saturday, sometimes Sunday, too, to work and so on. But we kind of … We had a Jewish kapo, which … You know what a kapo is? It's somebody who … He's like a director. He has to see that we behave, we eat this and this. He was good to us. So, this was at least … Because some of them had very bad ones. So, the time went through … That was, let's see, 1940. I remember my sisters were … My sister, the one who is in … I have a sister in New York and a sister in Toronto. The one in New York, she was still in Chrzanow because she said she knows how to sew and they needed them to repair their uniforms and so on, so they kept some Jews there to sew for them. She was also hungry and so on, but I got a package from her there, which was unusual. It was just a little piece. It was maybe a bread like that big, a very small piece of bread, and soap. And in the soap inside was some coins. I don't know how she put it in, but I couldn't do nothing anyway with those German coins. No, you couldn't buy nothing there. But anyway, I was really … You know, for me, it was … That piece of bread for me was like something from heaven. I always remind her. She's there, you know. Whenever I go, I remind her, \"Look, where did you get that bread? You were yourself probably hungry,\" and so on. She said she was, but she said I was probably more hungry than her. But that was maybe once or twice. That's it, no more. They didn't let you. They didn't let nobody to send anymore. It took about after one year … You see, I had some miracles there and that's one of the miracles. I know the first miracle I wanted to tell you. After one year, the war in Russia started and Russia has that railroad. The railroad things are bigger than Poland, than the rest of Europe. The Germans needed the people to go to Russia. It was cold winter. They made a list. The Germans made a list who is on the thing and there, they don't tell you ahead of the time. Ten minutes before that, everybody comes out, and one of those Germans read the list, and I was on the list there. But I heard people told me, \"If you go to Russia, that's too cold here. I don't think whatever you have there, you can exist.\" But anyway, I didn't have no choice. I couldn't get out from the line. I was there already. But then, before marching out, he read the names again and my name was not there. It comes to the G's. He went back. He come to the G's and my name wasn't there. Some kind of a miracle, I don't know, maybe that you noticed or maybe … I don't have no idea. So, little by little … I couldn't just run out, you know, otherwise they would say, \"Hey, there you are!\" So, little by little, I started to get out and get to the other crowd who was a little farther away. They didn't see me, the Germans. They marched out, and there was about 200, 250 of them. After the war, I heard that maybe five of them got out after the war alive. First off, [they died from] night, from cold, from hunger, from beating, from everything else. So that's a miracle. I always say that was the biggest miracle. And then, okay, so I went back to the normal work, the normal beating, the normal hunger, the normal things. But anyway, at least I didn't go to Russia, so I was happy. We stayed there. One Sunday, they said, \"Whoever needs some dentistry work or something like that, we going take you to another camp there. There's a dentist and so on.\" So, I didn't need a dentist, but I said I wanted to go and see what the stop is and I went. So, one of those Germans led us. It was about five kilometers [three miles] away, so we walked, and we came there, but that was … Annaberg was the name of it, Annaberg [Gora Swietej Anny, Poland]. We came and they had it a lot better than us for some reason. Maybe their commander was better or something like that. They were happier and so on. See, they had a dentist there. So, we stayed there all day, and they gave us something to eat there, a little better than at Sakrau. We marched back and life went like this, if you call it life. I didn't hear anything from my parents. You couldn't write and I didn't know what happened to them. It came one time when was the date when we went from Sakrau to Tarnowicz. Yes, came a date and they picked some people here. They said if they pick, you cannot … So, this time I couldn't get out. But I figured maybe Tarnowicz is better. We came there, but it was not better. It was even worse. There was the hunger and so on. And the Judenaltester [German: Jewish leader or elder] there … I have to tell you, the Judentaltester was somebody, a neighbor. A lady was the Judendaltester, a lady because that was a smaller thing [camp]. She was a neighbor of ours in Chrzanow. She lived [in the] next house to us and we know her parents, and her, and everything else, but she was so bad. She was so … She didn't even … She knew me, she know my sisters, and everything else. She didn't even … I went in there. I just begged her, \"Maybe you can give me a piece of bread or something.\" She just [said], \"Get out of here.\" You know, it's unbelievable. By the way, I didn't bother her anymore. But we were not too long there. We went there a few months and stayed—six months or something like that. From there, they send us to Markstadt. Markstadt was already a little bit better because there were a lot of … It was a big camp was with a lot of people and so on. Their Judenaltester was not the best, but he was not the worst. His name was Baruch Meister. I think he's very … Everybody knows him. He had a special apartment. He had his wife there, he had his brother there, and he got food as much as he wanted, but he listened everything to the Germans. The Germans told him he was the one who made all the things. You know, somebody, the Germans told him that and that was slow at work, so he beat them up or he had somebody else beat him up. It was not the best. After the war, we were looking for him. But he went somewhere to South America. He passed away already a number of years ago. Baruch Meister, that was his name. We were there quite a while and then, more people came from Chrzanow and from there. All of a sudden, I see my uncle, the one who bought me the jacket. He was in the thing, but they didn't need any more the committee there and so, they sent them all away, too. So, he came there with his son. His son died from hunger there, a boy. He was maybe like 15, 16 years old. He died and the uncle also died there, but I was already away. They send us away from Markstadt to Funfteichen. I think Funfteichen, yes. Did I say Funfteichen from Markstadt? Yes, that's right. It was, you know, it was in the winter. [There] was snow and we had to take off all our clothes, everything, and go to a German thing to see if we are ready to work. Otherwise, they'll send you to Auschwitz-Birkenau or where I don't … Anyway, I passed, and I went there, and freezing, and so on, but I finally put on what little clothes I had. Funfteichen was even … was much worse because you couldn't wear any more your clothes. You know, there you had your clothes. You had one set. That's it. You had to wash it and wash it. You didn't get any other. But in Funfteichen, they gave us those striped things. There was some Russians and Poles and they were … They killed people. You know, they made them like kapos and they killed people. They killed. I saw someone taking a broom and get someone. I don't know who he was. He had him on the floor and he put the broom on his thing. He was on the floor. He killed him like this. You know, there was so much going on there. It's very hard. Yes, it's very hard to describe. So, Markstadt, we were there a number of months, a few months, whatever. Then they sent us to Gross-Rosen for the two weeks. This was like a Durchgangslager [German: transit camp], as they called it, which means temporary. But they had to give us something to do, you know, so they took us to the quarry there [to] bring the stones up and down, big stones. You carried. How we did it and how we … You know, the steps were not … [They] were like this here probably. How we … People got killed. A lot of people got killed. But I made it, somehow. I wanted to live and I made it. We were there two weeks, and after that, they put us in a box car, about 100 people. They give everyone a piece of bread—like a little loaf of bread, maybe something like this here. We were in the box car without a toilet, without water, without anything for three days. Can you imagine that? Three days. Finally, it arrived in Celle [Germany]. Celle is not far from Bergen-Belsen, like maybe ten, 15 miles from Bergen-Belsen. There is also a big railroad thing, where … What would they call it in English? I don't know. In Polish, wozek [cart or trolley]. it's where a lot of … From there it goes all over, to Berlin. All of a sudden, planes come and start to bomb the station. And the Germans who watched us, they started to think and said, \"Everybody out! Everyone Raus,\" all of us out. And this is what I was going to say. In the car, next to me was, somebody from Krakow, and he was very friendly to me. He asked me and so on. He probably was 30 years old, but he looked like 60. You know, unbelievable how people looked old, because they … When the Germans said, \"Raus, Raus, Raus,\" he says to me, \"You know, I cannot go. I am weak. I cannot run out. I have here a loaf of bread.\" He says, \"You take the [bread]. You [are] young. You take my loaf of bread. I'm not in a way … not good.\"","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/164097/file/298754#t=37.0,2808.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/164097/file/298754/transcript/87794/annotation/3","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eGhitis:\u003c/strong\u003e We are going to stop for a tape change.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/164097/file/298754#t=2808.0,2811.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/164097/file/298754/transcript/87794/annotation/4","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eGlass:\u003c/strong\u003e Yes, okay. So, he says … The old man told me, \"I'm not going to live. You take the bread.\" I said, \"No, I cannot take from you the bread.\" He says, \"Take the bread,\" and he pushed it into me. I had to hide it. Otherwise, they will kill me for that. I put it under my shirt, around here. It was a small piece. It was not big. About maybe 45 minutes later, we were all gathered in a field there. They stood there. The SS men, or whatever, the guards stood around us so nobody should run away. Now, after the planes left, they take us out, \"Get back to the wagons. Back to the wagons.\" I went to the wagon, and I haven't seen the old man. I seen blood there, but I haven't seen the old man anymore. I was so upset at that time, but later on, I figured maybe G-d sent me an angel and gave me that piece of bread to hold me for the next seven days in Bergen-Belsen. And that's what that piece of bread … And I kept it. I didn't want to eat it because if somebody would see me eat it, he would grab it from me. So, what I did … When we came to Bergen-Belsen, which I'm going to tell you about later, they sent us into the barracks, but it was full of dead people in the barracks and full of … You cannot imagine. Me and a few of my friends said, \"We cannot stay here because we will die the same night.\" We went outside and slept outside even [though] it was cold still. When was it? April. It was still cold and at night—nobody saw—I ate the whole bread. Otherwise, somebody would kill me when they see. So, I ate the whole bit. And that kept me for seven days. That's a miracle from miracles. So, now I want to get back to Braunschweig, which I left out. From Gross-Rosen, the train goes, and goes, and goes, because it's a long ways and here it stops, and it goes, and it stops. We didn't know anything, where we're going, what we're gone, and so on. Finally, after like two, three days, we arrived in Braunschweig. There was already all the SS and so on, and they leading us to a barrack, which was built underneath a freeway. It was one big barrack there, no stove, no … It was cold and so on, but we figured, \"Well, it's already like …\" Actually, it was winter there in Braunschweig. Yes, it was winter, but we didn't have no choice. Right the next day, they took us out to a factory there, which made the ammunition, grenades, and all these kind of things. We had to work there. I was a fast worker because I wanted at least not to get beaten up, or whatever it is, or punished because they punished people there for nothing. They hanged them and everybody had to watch in Braunschweig. Since one of those Germans saw that I work so good and so on, so he made me as … Like they called it, I don't know. He gave me like ten tables there who work. He says, \"You watch out and see that they're making the right thing and so and so,\" which was … It's all right. It was okay. And then, we were there just a few months, maybe like five, six months. There were a lot of beating, and hanging, and so on, but we were already so used to it that we just didn't pay attention. Then, it was … Yes, one day, we heard from far away shooting, like artillery and so on and so. We talked to each other and said, \"I think it must be the Americans.\" We never knew the news. They didn't tell us and there was no papers, nothing. We didn't know anything unless maybe some German once sometimes maybe told somebody who he liked and then it was spread around. So, we had some kind of an idea or we heard something, that the Americans are not far from there, because we heard the artillery and so on. So, for us, it was … One time, they came and they bombed the place there. They bombed. The Germans took us out quick into a tunnel there. We had to go into a tunnel, and we stayed there probably a couple of hours or so until the planes went away. But some of our people went close to the exit just to see what was happening and they got killed from the bombing. When we came out, the factory was bombed. The factory where we worked was bombed but the machines were okay. The windows were broken and some other things. They put us back right away to work. Can you imagine that? We didn't have no choice. So, we had to work. Then, maybe a month or two later, they took us all together and they [said], \"Get everything you have,\" which we didn't even have anything, and marched. We had to stay. In five minutes, we had to stay already five in a row, and so on, and we were going to march. So, we marched. Yes, we marched from there, from Braunschweig. From Braunschweig, it was not far anymore, not too far to Celle. So, we marched, we marched, and we marched. At night, they let us stay in the forest and lay down in the forests, where it was full of snow—you can't imagine—to let us sleep. Who could sleep in the snow? In the morning, again, marching, and marching, and marching. Finally, we came to a place where they told us to get on the on the wagons. So, we get into the train that will take us to somewhere. They didn't say where. Yes, get into train. And this is the train, which I told you before, which was bombed in Celle. I told you the story. You know, when we looked up there, when you got out of the wagons, we looked up, it was like there was a thousand planes. For us, it was … You know, something you cannot describe it. You know, happiness. Now, after we got into the wagons, the wagons were standing there, and it looks like they couldn't go any farther maybe. It might have been bombed—the railway—or something. We had to go out and march. It was quite a march, probably like from Celle to Bergen-Belsen. We didn't know we're going to Bergen-Belsen, but I just say from Celle probably like 20 miles. So, when it came evening, they let us out on the grass, and they had some SS people who were watching us, and so on. We had to sleep there, even if there was snow or whatever like that. We had just to stay there because they needed probably a rest too, the SS people. Then in the morning, we had to get up again, and march, and march. Finally, we came maybe the late afternoon, we came close to the place, we haven't seen anything yet. Next to me was a gypsy and the gypsy says to me, \"You know, I smell something,\" that's the way here, \"I smell like burnt flesh.\" I said, \"There's nothing here. There are just fields here.\" [He said,] \"But I smell burnt flesh.\" We walked another hour, and we saw from far away that Bergen-Belsen camp with a big chimney. Now I realized that he knew what he was talking [about]. That was the chimney from the crematorium. When we came in, it was something which I'd never seen in my life. When we came through the gate, they counted us and so on. And there were stacks and stacks of dead bodies, just like wood. You know, there was a row this way, and a row with this way, and I would say about as high as that window, that high. We go farther. Again, bodies on the ground and everywhere, bodies. Some of them have a bullet. You can see a hole from a bullet. And some of them just died. They said, \"You go in. This group goes into that barrack, this group into this barrack.\" And when we came into that barrack, we thought we are going to die. No matter what we went through the last four and a half years, it was more dead people there, and smell bad, and dirt, and what else. It was more dead people than alive people there. So, me and a few other friends, which we were working together, decided we cannot sleep in that barrack. So, we went outside. That was already evening and evening the SS didn't bother. They didn't come in the barracks in the evenings. They didn't care what happens there. We went behind the barrack, and we just lay down on the grass. Whatever is going to happen, it's going to happen. This is when I told you I ate my piece of bread, which I explained before. In the morning, we get up and we see something, that they giving out some soup. But when we came to the line, when we got there, there was no more soup. So, we had to go away and just stay hungry the whole day. But we got it the next day. We got earlier to the line, and we got a little watery soup, which maybe that kept us probably for the day, and no bread or nothing else. That went like that for seven days. Now, the last day—this I remember so good because the last day was liberation—when me and our friends were also sitting behind the barracks there because that's where we were sleeping, we saw some planes going back and forth. We were wondering, \"What kind is this? German planes, or is it American, or is it British, or whatever it is?\" But they were going back and forth here and there. Maybe an hour later, we were looking at the fence. The fence was like the church, that far away from where we were. We could hardly sit. We were laying down because we were so weak. We couldn't … But one of them just raised his head and he says \"I see some tanks there, but they don't look like German tanks. I see them on the other side of the fence.\" We all got … You know, that makes us … Just like somebody would give you something … We all sat up, and we looked, and we saw something. It's not German tanks. About maybe 10, 15 minutes later, a tank came in through the gate. [It] just broke the gate, came in. The gate was … I think it broke through the gate. He stood in the middle. We kind of crawled. We couldn't walk anymore. We crawled there to be a little closer to see what's happening there. A lot of other people came, and they didn't know what to do. You have to give it me a minute. The captain of the tank stood up and he says, in English and in German, \"Ist frei [German: is free]. You are liberated.\" You don't have no idea what happened there. The half dead people, you could see they smiled even if they were on the floor. When they heard that, they smiled. They probably died an hour or two later. It's just unbelievable. But we somehow … They brought in after maybe a few hours, some … Their … What they get … Their rations. They brought in a bunch of rations, and you know, everybody grabbed, and so on, and so on. I got a can of bacon. I was so hungry, I ate the bacon. And the bacon gave me such a diarrhea because, you know, you have a stomach empty for years … So, I had that diarrhea, but then, the next day, already they organized nurses to come. One of those doctors or several doctors went between the people who were laying on the floor and see who has to go to a hospital. Who has go to the hospital, they put a cross on it here and they put on me also. Because I was very sick, they put a cross on me. They came there and they took me away. They took me outside to a place where there were nurses and they washed us, because we probably haven't been washed for who knows for how long. They washed us and so on. But I have … Somehow, I remember I had … I asked the nurse, like, \"From where are you?\" She told me she's from Finland. This is about all I could talk, because I was kind of wondering if they are Germans or what. They took me to a big makeshift hospital. There were a lot of people already there and there were no beds, so they put mattresses on the floor. We were in a room, probably it was 25, 30 and every night, in the morning, there were a few dead. I remember I was there probably two months in that hospital till I got a little bit on my feet. Every night … I remember one time, I heard somebody, a young boy. He must have been like 18, 19 years old. [He cried,] \"Mama! Mama,\" the whole night, \"Mama! Mama!\" In the morning, he was dead. It was a French boy from France. If he was Jewish or not, I don't know. But every morning, there were some people dead and they brought other people in, and so on, and so on. Anyway, they gave us some newspapers, but who could read? You know, if you're sick, you cannot read. But I noticed Japan capitulated, and so on, something, those things. One time, I figured maybe I should try to walk out a little bit and see what is going on. I wasn't out and I don't know where we are, what we are, and what we do. I went out and I walked about a block. There was an English soldier sitting there. He greeted me. He says to me, \"Do you want anything? You want a cigarette? You want …\" I said, \"No, I cannot smoke.\" But this was my first steps after one month. Little by little, we got back and I found my friends. I found a lot from my hometown—a few; not a lot, but a few. And we organized ourselves. We got … They sent us away about a few kilometers to the … There were Germans. The Germans had their … That's where the German soldiers were before, a few kilometers, maybe three kilometers [1.8 miles] away from that. In the meantime, the British burned the whole Bergen-Belsen because it was infested with everything, with typhus, and with bugs, with who knows, lice, and who knows what else there. It was infested. They burnt everything. We went into the previous German places there. It started a more or less normal life. There was already kosher food there. They brought in food. And we made from one place there, we made a synagogue. And there was somebody [who] opened a bar there, too. That was maybe a year later. He called it Alle Gehen Hinein [German], which means everyone goes in. That was the name of the bar. But I never went into these bars. It started a little bit. Then, we heard about Israel independence in 1948. We started also to do a little business with some of the Germans outside that thing, because they knew we had food, and they didn't have much. After the war, they didn't have any food. Everything got expensive. They didn't have the money to buy, and so on, and so on. So, you know, a few dollars here, a few dollars there. Then, we started to go to Berlin to see what's going on there. We saw also some Jews were there in Berlin, Polish Jews, and we were … Also, the Russians … You know, Germany was … half was to the Russians and half … The Russians looked for some people to get out the gold from the Germans, which they robbed in Russia, and in Poland, or Hungary, or wherever it is. So, me and … That was already two years after the liberation. We were already okay. And I was already married. They needed have people to go to the Russian zone and open a store, like shoes. They will give us the shoes, or other things, chocolates, which Germans couldn't get, and sell it for silver, gold, or whatever we can get, antiques and so on. So, we did. We were ten people. We opened a store in Schwerin. Schwerin is like northern Germany. These Germans there were so hungry and they needed shoes, so they came there. But we didn't take the German marks. They were not worth anything. So, they bought in gold, they brought in silver, they brought in everything. A lot of them, we saw, it comes from Jews, and so on. We still have some things here. Hanka will come in. We have some of them, which we bought from the Germans there. We were there about a year. Yes, mostly they wanted diamonds. This is probably also … All what they gave was probably robbed from all the Europe. And once every month or two, somebody came from Moscow and he got together those diamonds and so on. He bought and they sent us more shoes and more chocolates to sell and so. We were there maybe like seven, eight months. And the Germans were so afraid of us. They thought we are going to kill him or something like that because of the … And there were more women than men because the men, most of them were killed during the war. But they became friendly to us, the Germans. They knew that without us, they wouldn't have money to buy bread and all whatever it is. Anyway, after about a year or so, we gave it up. It was a little bit too much. We went back home, back to Bergen-Belsen. Then, I have to tell you also … I'll finish this story and tell you how I met my sisters after the war. We became more or less normal. I mean, not like home. We missed our families. We didn't have families. We didn't have nothing. There was a lot of weddings. You know, young people, they didn't have anyone, so they got together. They got married. There was just maybe one or two white dresses for the brides. Once one wedding was over, they gave it to another one, and so on, and so forth. It was very simple every day, very simple. Now, about six months after I was liberated … It was like before Rosh Hashanah. We were liberated on April 15 [1945] and Rosh HaShanah was September, about six months. I started to … I had some kind of a hunch that my sisters were alive. I didn't know. There was no way how to find out. I wanted to go back to my hometown and see if they're there because I figured if they are alive, they will come first to the hometown. Some other people wanted to go also to other places in Poland, so we got together maybe like 20 boys and girls. I wasn't married at that time yet. We started to walk, to hitchhike, whatever it is. Took us about four weeks to get from there to Poland, which probably would take you a half an hour by a plane or 45 minutes. Four weeks hitchhiking and walking, and that, and that. Sometimes, we went hungry all day. Sometimes, the Germans gave us something, potatoes or something like that. So, when it came already … Yes, and why it took it so long … There was no telephones at that time. It was such a chaos in Germany. You cannot imagine. The trains were full. Why? Because they had hundreds of thousands or millions maybe of Russians [and] Poles there, which were working in Germany. They took them for work. They wanted to go home. They were sitting even … You couldn't get them into the trains because it was full and some of them were sitting on top of the train. Can you imagine that, on top? There was nobody to tell them no. And some of them fell off. Some of them hit when it went through a bridge or something. They were hit. Yes, it was a big chaos at that time. So, it took us about four weeks to get [there]. So, once we came into Poland, everybody went his way. One went to Warsaw, one went to Lodz to look, and one went here, and there. I was the only one who went to Chrzanow. It took a long time. I came into Chrzanow and I tried to look. I came to the marketplace, and I see somebody I recognize. That was a neighbor who lived in the same building before the war with us, a young girl. She was probably at that time, when I met her there, she probably was 20. Then, she recognized me and I recognized her. I said to her … Mala was her name. I said, \"Mala! Mala, where are my sisters?\" That's the first thing, you know, [that I asked] before I asked her how she came out alive or something like that. So, she says, \"You know, yes.\" [I asked,] \"Are they alive?\" That's what I asked, \"Are they alive?\" So, she says, \"Yes, they are alive. They were here in Chrzanow, but they didn't have nothing to eat.\" They went to a town which is in Germany. Well, Poland took it, but it was German. They went to a town about a hundred miles away, back where … I passed that town and I didn't have no … It could have saved me days. They didn't have, so they went there, because there's already like a little Jewish community with a kitchen, which gives out free food, and stuff like that, and so on. \"Oh,\" I said to myself, \"what I'm going to do?\" It was El Rosh Hashanah, the day before Rosh HaShanah. What I'm gonna do here? And she says, \"Well …\" She started to think. She herself says she doesn't have where to stay. She says, \"One idea.\" I didn't see anyone. All of a sudden … This is my third miracle. You cannot imagine. All of a sudden, a truck passes by and someone calls out from the window my name, \"Chaskel! Chaskel, what are you doing here?\" I said to him, \"Avram!\" Avram was his name. [I said,] \"Avram, where you go? What is it? Where is it? Did you see my sisters?\" \"Yeah,\" he says, \"Yeah, they are in Reichenbach.\" That's where. So, I said, \"How can I … What should I do? It's … You know, tonight is Rosh Hashanah.\" That was at probably like ten o'clock in the morning. So, he says, \"You know what? I am going there now, to Reichenach.\" You know, such a miracle. [He said,] \"I am going there. Come into the car.\" He had a driver there. [He said,] \"Come into to the car and we will take you there.\" Oh, yes, you know, that person is still alive and every time … He lives in Toronto and he comes every … Well, he's already in the middle eighties. He was a little older than me, yes. [He is] in the late eighties. Every winter, like March or so, he goes for about two months to Palm Springs, which is here in California, because that's warm always. I meet him there because we go also more or less sometimes at the same time, and I meet him always there. You know, when we start talking, we cannot stop. He was a neighbor of ours also in the next house. He had a sister. He had brothers. His brother was my best friend at home before the war, but he ran away to Russia, and he was alive after the war. So, to me, he said, \"Come on up here. We will be there before Rosh HaShanah in Reichenbach, and your sisters are there.\" I just could not … I wanted to be there. And you know, my sisters … If you would meet my sisters, [they are] fine women, I tell you. One of them is not so well-off, but one of them, the one in Toronto, she is well off and she gives away a lot of charity, a lot. Okay, so, I go into his truck and we going, and going, and going. He had a Polish guy who was the driver. And it took us … I just wanted him to go faster and faster. It took us the whole day. We came in there, it was already getting a little dark. So, he said to me, \"You know, I don't know exactly where they are now. Come to my house. My sister\"—his sister— \"is there and my brother\"—the one which was my friend—\"is there.\" He came from … at the time, it was Israel. He came from Israel and he … Okay, well, I'll get to it. Finally, we come to his house and he takes us in. I see candles on the table, a white tablecloth, a challah [a braided bread eaten on Sabbath and Jewish holidays]. I said, \"I haven't seen that already for more than five years since I left home.\" Finally, they said, \"Look …\" I wanted [them to] take me to my sister. [I said,] \"Take me there.\" He says, \"Look, they live a little far from here. Sleep here, eat here.\" Tomorrow morning, he says his sister will walk me over there. Well, I didn't have no choice. It was dark already, and I myself didn't want the girl will go back by herself. So, I was there. We had a nice Shabbat meal and then he showed me a bed where I can sleep. That's the first time I slept in a real bed for probably six years. First time, but I couldn't sleep. I was waiting for the morning. In the morning, okay, I said today to the sister … Yes, when I came in, I saw my friend, his brother, and he wore Israeli uniform. I said to him, \"Motel,\" his name was Motel, \"what are you doing here in an Israeli uniform here?\" So, he says, \"Well, I am in the Israeli army.\" So, I said, \"How did you …\" He wanted me to go with him to Russia to escape the Germans, to smuggle over the [demarcation line]. My father says … He didn't let me. He was afraid, you never know, that he might lose me, and so on. So, I did not go. He went there. I don't know what he did there, but he later … They had some kind of amnesty there and [Joseph] Stalin let a lot of Polish citizens go to Israel, to Palestine, to Israel and so on, whatever at that time that it was. He came to visit here already and so on. He looked good, but he passed away already. He lived in Toronto. He is not here anymore. So, comes morning and they gave me breakfast there, and Sala, their sister, says, \"Yeah, now we can start going.\" I didn't have nothing. I didn't have whatever I had on me. That's all I had. On the way, she told me, \"Look, first of all, they don't have nothing, your sisters. They don't have nothing to eat. They go to the Jewish soup kitchen.\" They go for that there. I knew my sisters wouldn't go for no price, but they were so hungry they had to go. They were very independent of themselves. They didn't want any help from anyone. We going and finally, we come to the house. It was a building. Sala tells me, \"You know what? Let's not go in like this because your sister might khalishen [Yiddish: faint],\" because she didn't know nothing about me, if I'm alive or not. So, I was kind of waiting a little outside and they were like a few stairs up. I heard Sala going up the stairs, knock at the door. Then, my sister, the one from Toronto—Hesa is her name—she opens the door and she says, \"Sala, what are you doing here?\" So, Sala says, \"Hesa, I brought you a guest.\" [Hesa yelled,] \"Chaskel!\" She didn't see me. I started crying when I hear that word. You have to excuse me that I'm crying. I'm very … She somehow figured out it was me. You don't have no idea when I came in there what happened. You know, they didn't know what to do with me. Sala went home after a little while there. We went over, we talked, and we talked a little bit. I see how … Well, they lived in a nice [house]. It was a German's house, a German woman. Somehow, it looks like the German woman got somewhere else, and they had to give them … Maybe some of the committee or whatever it is. It was nice furniture. It was a nice thing, but what can they do there without … So, we started to talk and I told them, \"Look, I'm in Bergen-Belsen. It's already all … You know, we have synagogues. We have schools. We have everything already. Here, you don't have nothing. You can't stand in the line for everything. You come with me. You come with me to Bergen-Belsen.\" This was already the first day of Rosh Hashanah. Well, I didn't go. I was not dressed well. I didn't go there to daven because I was too nervous, too excited, and too tired, and everything. So, we stayed there and they told me stories. They told me a story about a neighbor of ours. They were not from adults. They were seven, eight, [unintelligible]. But it was the same building where we lived in Chrzanow, on the same floor, too, and they had a boy about my age. His name was Hamik, Chaim, but they called him Hamik. He was also there. He passed one time and he saw my sister standing in the line for soup. He said to himself … Because I talked to him later in Israel when I met him, but anyway, I'm going ahead a little bit. He said to himself that, \"These two sisters, they are going to stand in line? It's a shame.\" So, what he did is the next day, he saw them in the line. He came. He had a wad of money. Maybe he did some business already. He knew they were not going to take it, so he just made himself like walking, and pushed in their hand a wad of money, and ran away. They didn't know what to do, but they needed the money. They couldn't forget. Later on, he went to Israel and then … I will finish the story in a few minutes with what he did to the sisters. We went. Me and my sister went all together to Israel at one time, and she, for all the money, she wanted at least to tell him, \"Thank you,\" and she just didn't know how. And this is another miracle what happened. There was a lady from my hometown. She heard that we are there. She lived in Chrzanow not far from us. Well, she was in our age. She heard that, so she wanted to invite us. She made a little party and she invited from our town all these people. So, my sister was there with her husband, and me, and Hanka, and so on. We were talking like this, and I asked … Roza was the name of the one who made the party. I said, \"Roza, do you see somebody? Hesa wants to see Hamik Gezla. Do you hear anything?\" She said she didn't hear from him for a number of years. She doesn't know. Okay, so we were there a few hours and talking and telling stories. Everybody has his story or her story about the camps and so on. All of a sudden, someone comes up there and guess who it was? Hamik Gezla. I said, \"Hamik, what are you doing here? Were you invited here today?\" He said, \"No, I just passed by here and I know from someone [who] told me Roza lives here, so I just wanted to say good.\" Hesa, my sister, when she saw him, she doesn't know what to do. She thanked him so much [for] how he saved her from hunger. That was before I came to get them. It just shows you a miracle happens. Hesa took out some money because she had already and she gave it to him because he was … He said he was a … What was he? He was something. He didn't make much. Anyway, he's not alive anymore, but Hesa still keeps in touch with his sister, which is in Australia. We were like door to door, next door on the third floor of our building. It just shows you miracles. She wanted to meet him. She wanted him to say at least, \"Thank you,\" and here he came without invitation, without knowing that we are here, without knowing that Roza makes here some kind of a [party]. Anyway, getting back to … After Yom Kippur, I took them. We didn't have much to pack, you know. My sisters didn't have nothing and I didn't have nothing. \"From Reichenbach,\" that was the name of the little town we were in and I said, \"we are going.\" When you're young, you take risk. You do everything. So, we took some kind of … We got a German. We told him, \"Take us to the Czech,\" [unintelligible] is that place there, \"to the Czech border, and from that border we will go to Germany, to the Sudeten,\" and so on. Somehow, when you're young, you take chances for everything. Okay, so we go there, and we come to there. When we come to the … What you call it? To the granica [Polish: border]. What do you say? To the border. When you come to border, we thought we'd be able to go around the thing. So, we started to go out, but they caught us, the Czechs. They caught us and then we had to wait there. The police came and they put us in the jail. We still have …","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/164097/file/298754#t=2811.0,5605.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/164097/file/298754/transcript/87794/annotation/5","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eGhitis:\u003c/strong\u003e Tape two, interview with Mr. Charles Glass.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/164097/file/298754#t=5605.0,5612.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/164097/file/298754/transcript/87794/annotation/6","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eGlass:\u003c/strong\u003e So, when we came to the border, they caught us, the guards. They asked, where are we going? From where going? Who are you? So, we told them, \"We are refugees and we want to go back to … That's my sisters,\" and so on and so forth. I said, \"No.\" They had us wait there for a couple of hours and they came with their boss or the commander of theirs, and they took us away. I thought maybe they take us to a train or something like that, but they took us to the prison, to the jail. They separated the women, separated us, and I said to myself, \"We just came out from a concentration camp, and here we come again, where they gave us work to clean, to clean the streets, to this and this, and to something.\" There was nothing. But anyway, I don't know how, but somebody, a Jewish representative came from Prague [Czech Republic]. He came after, I think, we were there about two weeks. He got us out. He put us on a train to Prague. Okay, we came to Prague. We sit on the train and all of a sudden, Israeli agents come in there and they ask if we are Jewish. They saw we are Jewish. [They asked,] \"Where are you going?\" I said, \"Well, I have to take them back to Germany because I'm there in a displaced person camp.\" They say, \"Why don't you go to Israel? Go to Israel,\" and they kind of more or less forced us to go to Israel. They were agents from Israel to bring people in. We couldn't get out. We were young and we just didn't know if here's better, or if there's better, or something like that. This was in, imagine, 1945. So, then they left, and they said they're going to come back in 20 minutes or so, and we should talk over between ourselves. I said, \"I don't believe this is the time to go to Israel.\" I said to my sisters and to a few other people which were on that train, \"Maybe sometime later we will go, but let's go back.\" We left the train, and we went, and we started to look at how we're going to go to the border with Germany, you know. So, there was some other people. They had some money there. We didn't have anything. Well, they hired a truck, and they told us we can go in the truck. The truck went till the German Czech border. Then, he let us off and he says … They knew exactly because they probably smuggled people before there. They know exactly. He said, \"It's now evening and you go this straight here, and then just turn right, and go there, and you will be okay.\" And that's what we did. It was very quiet and so we didn't hear anything. Then all of a sudden, we saw already German signs and so on, so we figured we're already on the German thing. But how do we go from there to Bergen-Belsen? It's still a long ways. I don't remember how we got there. Either we …  We didn't have money to pay someone. But for some reason, we got to Bergen-Belsen. I don't remember even how long it took us, but we got [there]. When they came in there, they saw a different life. They saw already so many people, Jews, and plenty of food already, and so on. Since they were going to Bais Yaakov at home … You know, like a Jewish girls' school. So, they saw already, they started a Bais Yaakov there, and they registered there, and they went to the Bais Yaakov, and they just … You know, they don't know. They were so grateful that I took them there. They found their husbands there and [were] very happy. My sister in New York already lost her husband, but my sister in Toronto, her husband is still alive. He's very rich. In fact, he started … There was a lot of building going on in Toronto about 30 years ago [or] 35 years ago. He didn't have any money at that time. He lost because when he came to America, he bought a chicken place, and it didn't work out. He lost all that money. So, I loaned him some money, and this money, now he's a millionaire. He write. They wrote a book also like this. The daughter wrote for them the book what they went through, him and her, because they didn't know each other before the war, only after the war. He mentions there that thanks to me, which I lend him some money, and he is now … That's not the only one I lend money [to] here. Here, I lend a lot of money. I didn't lose anything. I just made people happy, and they know how it works. They know that. Even non-Jews, workers, who work for me, I lend them money. But that's a different story. So, Bergen-Belsen was for them a heaven after what they went through, and also for me. But we still … The British thinks they wanted close the camp, because how long are they going to keep the camp? So, people registered. One went here; one went there. We registered to United States. I remember we went to the consul there, in Hamburg [Germany]. Zepporah was two years old. The consul started to play with Zepporah. He said how nice she is, how good-looking she is. We, between [our]selves said, \"That's going to help to get the visa.\" And it did. It helped. We got the visa to go, and we went by ship. At that time, there was no planes. We went by ship. It was not such a good trip on the ship, but we landed in New Orleans [Louisianna]. From there, New Orleans, the Jewish community heard that there's a lot of Jews on that ship. They took us in, made a big party for us in the Jewish center there in New Orleans. We were the first time. You know, we didn't know … I knew a little English, but my [wife] Hanka or [sister] Sally, they didn't know any English. I know how to. Then, that's the first time I saw like the black women, you know, with the curly hair. It's a girl. She was two years old, in the train. We came from New Orleans, they put us on the train, to Stockton [California]. That's what they said. I said, we wanted to go actually to New York because you figure there's a lot of Jews there. No, this is so down, you have to go there. So, on the train, about three days and three nights on the trains we went. They gave us some money there in New Orleans, so we'd be able to buy. So, when the train stopped, we went out and bought some food, some other things there. Zepporah saw the first time a black child about four or five years old with curly hair and she just couldn't … She goes to her and looks and started to feel her hair and so on. To her, it was a novelty. Okay, so we came to Stockton. We didn't have much money. We had a little bit because we did a little business there, but not really much. Already someone waited for us at the train station, the committee of the Jewish, from the Jewish community. They wanted to put us … Yes, they didn't have a house, or I mean, an apartment for us yet, so they wanted us to put up in a hotel. But when we came into the hotel, it was such a dirty, bad hotel. Zepporah was sick, too, at the time. She had fever and so on. It was terrible. So, anyway, after two days, we told them we can't stay in this hotel. Even after we were all these years in the concentration camp, but this was just dirty, and especially with our two-year-old child. So, they finally rented an apartment for us. They paid the first few months. They paid because we didn't have [the money]. Later on, I got a job there, in Stockton. I was so used to [working] fast, because the Germans. I was used to it. I couldn't work slow. The workers there told me, \"Don't work so fast. Don't work too fast because you're making everything for everybody …\" But the boss, he just fell in love with me. He just said to me … You know, that was dirty work there, what we did. We were … Mostly all of them were Mexicans there. I was the only one. And Sally also was there later on. They took her. We cleaned those burlap bags from potatoes, or flour, or whatever it is at that time. Those bags, we clean them and he sold them again. Then, he said that I'm a good worker. He says, \"You know? I'm going to take you away from that dirty work. You are going to drive the forklift,\" and I did. The forklift was clean and things like that. Then one day, he said to me, \"I have an airplane.\" He was a pilot in World War II. [He said,] \"I have a small airplane. I want to take you for a ride on the plane.\" I never was on a plane before, but I didn't want to say no. So, I came home and I told Hanka. I said, \"You know …\" I remember his name. It was W.W. Young. That was his name, W.W. Young. But I cannot tell him no. You know, it's just … But she was worried. Anyway, the next day I went, and he took me out maybe an hour before the others. He said, \"Let's go.\" He took be first to his house, a beautiful house. And he has his girlfriend there. He introduced me [to] his girlfriend there. He put on something to drink, and something to eat, and so on. He said to his girlfriend, \"This is my best worker.\" Anyway, now … Okay, now he said, \"Now is the time. Let's go.\" So, he took the car, and we went to the small airport there. I look at the plane. It was a two-seater. He was in the front and I in the back. And I said to myself, \"This is going to fly?\" But I didn't have no choice. I couldn't say no, so I went there. Well, I had to buckle up and stuff like that. Okay, and we going up. He wanted to show off, so he just didn't go straight. He went like this, and like this, and like this, and I was holding on. I didn't know what to say, what to do. I didn't want to tell him that that's enough or nothing like that, you know? I didn't want to say anything. So, but finally, maybe after an hour or so he finally landed. I said to myself, \"Thank G-d.\" He took me back and he took me home. In his car, took me home. We were on good terms, but I did a very big mistake, which I cannot forget till today. After working there one year, my [wife,] Hanka, had maybe a second, third cousin, [who] was also there because he came because of us. He was in New York. He couldn't get a job, so he was there. He moved to San Francisco [California]. I went one time. I went to San Francisco. I take a look. I see it's a Jewish life, a lot of Jews there and so on, and Stockton was hardly anything. You know, there was one store [that] had a little … [The owner was] not even a Jew, but Italian. He had some kosher things, which were wrapped already, like salamis and stuff like that. It was not … We were used at home to a Jewish life. So, one time, I went to San Francisco and I said to myself … Hanka couldn't go because of Zepporah and things like that. I said myself, \"This is where I want to live. That's a Jewish life.\" And it was not just a neighborhood. It was a neighborhood somewhere near downtown, where it was Jewish [with] Jewish stores, Jewish bakeries, Jewish butchers, synagogues, and what else there. This was something which I would like to be next to. I went home and I said to Hanka, \"We're moving.\" She said, \"What? Moving? But …\" I found we get an apartment there and so on. I was here over Shabbat. On Shabbat night, I took a truck and I went. I said, \"We moving.\" But my mistake was I was not used to these things. I [was] supposed to give a 30-day notice to the landlord. I didn't. I [was] supposed to tell my boss at work. I didn't. I don't know. You know, later on, it came to me and I said, \"What did I do?\" But I was so excited to come over here that I didn't even think about these things and I really … Then, he called me up here. He found out my phone number. W.W. Young, the boss from work, he called up. He says to me, \"Charlie, why did you do that to me.\" I was so embarrassed. I said to him, \"You know, I had to move here to San Francisco. I had a reason to,\" and so on and so forth. I didn't tell him what. You know, I never worked at home because I was 16 years old. I didn't know you have to give notices or whatever it is. And I never moved. I never think. You know, that was out of my ear. Well, later I learned already the lessons. So, we stayed here and I went to work. I went here to work in a … Over there, I made 75 cents an hour. At that time, it was … I came over here, I got a job for $1.60. Imagine, more than twice as much. But the work was … What we made is the doors in the bedrooms or the airport. Those doors to the bedroom, they have like sheet metal on top and inside is some cork or whatever it is. This was what they did. This was their work. They assigned me to work. I was still used to work fast, and they saw in me that I work so good. So, they made me a foreman. After maybe two months being there, I was a foremen. They gave me more money and so on. But I just couldn't get away from not working because I'm so used to … from the concentration camp. And they were very happy [with] me. But after maybe six, seven months, I noticed I got some kind of a rash right here. I went to the doctor because it was red and so on. The doctor says … He asked me all kind of things. He asked where I work and I told him where. \"Oh,\" he says, \"probably the acid from that sheet metal there. That's what.\" He sent me to the hospital. He sent me the hospital to check. They check. I forgot what the name is. They put it in you with some needle, and they see what it is. They also said it is from some kind of acid. So, I had to quit, and I had quit. Since Hanka's second cousin, or third cousin was here, and he also … He said he was a carpenter, but he didn't know nothing about carpentry, so wherever he got a job … At that time was the Korean War, and they looked for people. Every Friday, they sent him back home and said, \"Don't come back.\" They paid him and [said], \"Don't come back.\" So, we got together and we said, \"What we are going to do?\" We try to think what we should do. I said, \"Let's go into some kind of a business.\" I knew English already, but he didn't. He didn't know. But anyway, we looked. We took somebody and he showed us different little stores, this and this. Finally, we found one store where there were two partners. One was Jewish and one was not. They were fighting there and the business went down because they were a fighting, so we bought. They wanted to sell it and get rid of it. We bought that whole place with everything for $7,000. At that time, it was [a lot of] money. We didn't have the $7,000, but we bought here and there people, and we finally made it. We were there 13 years in that store, and we made a lot of money in that store. People, sometimes they come in and stand in the line because we treat them well, we treat them so good. And we gave them on credit, even we lost a lot of these creditors. You know, we lost a lot money. We gave them on credit and they were very … We took in. Whatever somebody asked for, we got in. Before, but when we took it over, it was just a little bit of merchandise, not much. After 13 years, we got tired already. They came out with the coin laundries. There was a vacant store right next to our store there, a big store, and we figured, \"Let's go into a different kind of business.\" We wouldn't have to stay there so many hours because this bigger store and the grocery store took a lot of hours. So, we opened a laundry there and we succeeded. We opened another one, and another one, and another one. Then, we decided to sell the store. So, we sold the store to two friends of ours who were looking for a store. That was, let's see, 1950 … [In] 1964, I think, we sold it, or maybe it's 1965. We had it 13 years. Yes, and the laundromats went very good. We bought some properties, and this is what we have today. We sold all the laundromats. Why should we work physically hard? Even if it was not physical work, you have to be there every day, and this, and this. So, this is … Unfortunately, my partner passed away last year, but I'm still … He has a daughter, but she is a flake, which they put her in, the mother put her into the business. But anyway, I take care of the business mostly. And this is the story.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/164097/file/298754#t=5612.0,7065.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/164097/file/298754/transcript/87794/annotation/7","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eGhitis:\u003c/strong\u003e I am going to ask you some questions now. Could you please tell me again where you were born?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/164097/file/298754#t=7065.0,7073.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/164097/file/298754/transcript/87794/annotation/8","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eGlass:\u003c/strong\u003e I was born in Chrzanow. That's not far from Krakow in Poland.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/164097/file/298754#t=7073.0,7080.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/164097/file/298754/transcript/87794/annotation/9","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eGhitis:\u003c/strong\u003e When were you born?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/164097/file/298754#t=7080.0,7082.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/164097/file/298754/transcript/87794/annotation/10","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eGlass:\u003c/strong\u003e In 1923.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/164097/file/298754#t=7082.0,7084.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/164097/file/298754/transcript/87794/annotation/11","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eGhitis:\u003c/strong\u003e What is your birthday?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/164097/file/298754#t=7084.0,7085.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/164097/file/298754/transcript/87794/annotation/12","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eGlass:\u003c/strong\u003e July 16th.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/164097/file/298754#t=7085.0,7088.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/164097/file/298754/transcript/87794/annotation/13","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eGhitis:\u003c/strong\u003e And what was your name at birth?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/164097/file/298754#t=7088.0,7093.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/164097/file/298754/transcript/87794/annotation/14","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eGlass:\u003c/strong\u003e Yechezkel Shraga Glass.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/164097/file/298754#t=7093.0,7101.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/164097/file/298754/transcript/87794/annotation/15","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eGhitis:\u003c/strong\u003e What were the names of your parents?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/164097/file/298754#t=7101.0,7104.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/164097/file/298754/transcript/87794/annotation/16","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eGlass:\u003c/strong\u003e My father's name was David. My mother's name was Lifcha.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/164097/file/298754#t=7104.0,7111.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/164097/file/298754/transcript/87794/annotation/17","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eGhitis:\u003c/strong\u003e And what was your mother's maiden name?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/164097/file/298754#t=7111.0,7115.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/164097/file/298754/transcript/87794/annotation/18","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eGlass:\u003c/strong\u003e Wurzel, W-U-R-Z-E-L.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/164097/file/298754#t=7115.0,7121.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/164097/file/298754/transcript/87794/annotation/19","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eGhitis:\u003c/strong\u003e Did you meet your grandparents? Yes.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/164097/file/298754#t=7121.0,7126.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/164097/file/298754/transcript/87794/annotation/20","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eGlass:\u003c/strong\u003e Yes.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/164097/file/298754#t=7126.0,7126.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/164097/file/298754/transcript/87794/annotation/21","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eGhitis:\u003c/strong\u003e Yes. Who were your grandparents?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/164097/file/298754#t=7126.0,7128.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/164097/file/298754/transcript/87794/annotation/22","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eGlass:\u003c/strong\u003e From my father's side, my grandfather's name was Chaim Glass, and my grandmother was Feigl Glass.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/164097/file/298754#t=7128.0,7146.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/164097/file/298754/transcript/87794/annotation/23","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eGhitis:\u003c/strong\u003e On your …","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/164097/file/298754#t=7146.0,7147.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/164097/file/298754/transcript/87794/annotation/24","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eGhitis:\u003c/strong\u003e On my mother's side, my grandfather was Josef Wurzel, and my grandmother was Gita Wurzel.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/164097/file/298754#t=7147.0,7161.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/164097/file/298754/transcript/87794/annotation/25","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eGhitis:\u003c/strong\u003e Any other ancestors that you met? Yes. When?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/164097/file/298754#t=7161.0,7166.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/164097/file/298754/transcript/87794/annotation/26","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eGlass:\u003c/strong\u003e Yes. When?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/164097/file/298754#t=7166.0,7166.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/164097/file/298754/transcript/87794/annotation/27","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eGhitis:\u003c/strong\u003e Yes. When?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/164097/file/298754#t=7166.0,7166.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/164097/file/298754/transcript/87794/annotation/28","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eGlass:\u003c/strong\u003e Yes. When? Great-grandfather. I didn't meet, I didn't know my great-grandmother but my great-grandfather he passed away in 1932. I was like nine years old. I knew him well. He was a big … He was a rich man, because that was under Austria. He had … His business was with … What do they call that? I mean, he bought the old forests, and they cut them down to make wood.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/164097/file/298754#t=7166.0,7215.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/164097/file/298754/transcript/87794/annotation/29","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eGhitis:\u003c/strong\u003e What was his name?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/164097/file/298754#t=7215.0,7216.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/164097/file/298754/transcript/87794/annotation/30","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eGlass:\u003c/strong\u003e His first name was Schlomo Leibush and his last name was Schoenberg.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/164097/file/298754#t=7216.0,7228.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/164097/file/298754/transcript/87794/annotation/31","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eGhitis:\u003c/strong\u003e Do you know how many generations of your family lived in Chrzanow?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/164097/file/298754#t=7228.0,7234.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/164097/file/298754/transcript/87794/annotation/32","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eGlass:\u003c/strong\u003e Yes, my sixth generation back grandfather, he was the first rabbi in Chrzanow. His name was Schlomo Bochner. He was very famous all over Poland and everywhere because he was a learned man and when he passed away. He told his children not to be rabbis, and he wrote some books, but somehow during the war they just got lost. He was … Half of Chrzanow, in my time, were his descendants.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/164097/file/298754#t=7234.0,7291.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/164097/file/298754/transcript/87794/annotation/33","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eGhitis:\u003c/strong\u003e Do you know why he told his children not to be rabbis?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/164097/file/298754#t=7291.0,7297.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/164097/file/298754/transcript/87794/annotation/34","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eGlass:\u003c/strong\u003e There's a story. I will have to bring it out to you. I think I have it in English. He rather wanted … It's a nice story. I will look it up later. There's a reason, yes.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/164097/file/298754#t=7297.0,7324.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/164097/file/298754/transcript/87794/annotation/35","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eGhitis:\u003c/strong\u003e What role … Your great-grandfather, was he a rabbi?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/164097/file/298754#t=7324.0,7332.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/164097/file/298754/transcript/87794/annotation/36","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eGlass:\u003c/strong\u003e The one, Schlomo Bochner? Yes, he was a rabbi.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/164097/file/298754#t=7332.0,7336.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/164097/file/298754/transcript/87794/annotation/37","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eGhitis:\u003c/strong\u003e So, what role did religion play in your family life?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/164097/file/298754#t=7336.0,7345.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/164097/file/298754/transcript/87794/annotation/38","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eGlass:\u003c/strong\u003e There was 90 percent were religious, or maybe more. I would say 98 percent.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/164097/file/298754#t=7345.0,7352.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/164097/file/298754/transcript/87794/annotation/39","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eGhitis:\u003c/strong\u003e Could you tell me what your life was like, Jewishly, how you observed the holidays and Shabbat? How was it?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/164097/file/298754#t=7352.0,7364.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/164097/file/298754/transcript/87794/annotation/40","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eGlass:\u003c/strong\u003e Yes, we observed it just like any Orthodox Jew. We didn't … Our store was closed holidays and Shabbats. And we didn't do … We didn't light any candles. We didn't light any electrical. We had a non-Jew come and turn on sometimes electricity or if something happened. They knew already. The non-Jew was like a … Well, not a manager, but she lived in the basement, a woman, and she saw to it that the building is clean and so on. She was more like a janitor. She did it, and people paid her a little bit, either they gave her food, or gave her money, and so on.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/164097/file/298754#t=7364.0,7422.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/164097/file/298754/transcript/87794/annotation/41","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eGhitis:\u003c/strong\u003e How did you celebrate Passover, for instance?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/164097/file/298754#t=7422.0,7427.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/164097/file/298754/transcript/87794/annotation/42","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eGlass:\u003c/strong\u003e Passover, we celebrated. We did not invite any people because everyone wanted to have his own Passover, every family there. So, we were just us and the children. We were three children. One of them they took to Auschwitz-Birkenau. Her name was Leah. I didn't mention that.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/164097/file/298754#t=7427.0,7455.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/164097/file/298754/transcript/87794/annotation/43","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eGhitis:\u003c/strong\u003e So, who would be sitting around the table on Passover?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/164097/file/298754#t=7455.0,7458.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/164097/file/298754/transcript/87794/annotation/44","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eGlass:\u003c/strong\u003e Well, my father was on the head of the table. I was next to him and my mother was sitting there. Or my mother was sitting here, so they can be closer to the kitchen and I was sitting here. And the two or three sisters were sitting here.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/164097/file/298754#t=7458.0,7479.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/164097/file/298754/transcript/87794/annotation/45","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eGhitis:\u003c/strong\u003e So, could you tell me what kind of person your father was?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/164097/file/298754#t=7479.0,7485.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/164097/file/298754/transcript/87794/annotation/46","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eGlass:\u003c/strong\u003e Oh, he was a very nice person. Everybody liked him. He didn't have any … He was smart and he was in business, even if we didn't make much, but nobody was … There was no millionaires. There was no people … You know, if somebody was rich, maybe he could … If somebody could afford to buy some good wine, good meat, good … they called him already, \"He's rich. He has money.\" There was no millionaires there, like here.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/164097/file/298754#t=7485.0,7519.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/164097/file/298754/transcript/87794/annotation/47","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eGhitis:\u003c/strong\u003e What was your father's name?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/164097/file/298754#t=7519.0,7521.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/164097/file/298754/transcript/87794/annotation/48","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eGlass:\u003c/strong\u003e David Glass.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/164097/file/298754#t=7521.0,7526.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/164097/file/298754/transcript/87794/annotation/49","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eGhitis:\u003c/strong\u003e What about your mother?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/164097/file/298754#t=7526.0,7527.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/164097/file/298754/transcript/87794/annotation/50","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eGlass:\u003c/strong\u003e My mother also, she was a housewife, but she went, she helped in the business, in the store sometimes. But most of the time, she went to the customers who took on credit and tried to get paid. That was quite a tough job for her, because first of all, it was far, and secondly, she got into a non-Jewish neighborhood, which was only … Jews couldn't live there.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/164097/file/298754#t=7527.0,7570.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/164097/file/298754/transcript/87794/annotation/51","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eGhitis:\u003c/strong\u003e Tell me about the home where you live.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/164097/file/298754#t=7570.0,7573.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/164097/file/298754/transcript/87794/annotation/52","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eGlass:\u003c/strong\u003e We lived in an apartment. The building, [unintelligible] was there. The building was three stories and plus with the basement. There was a store in the basement. And it had … Let me see, how many apartments? I'll tell you in a minute. One, two, three, four, five, maybe 15 apartments. And we lived in one apartment. In the beginning, when my parents married, they took a studio apartment, small, because they couldn't afford probably or something like that. Then, when we were already, when the third child was born, they moved to a bigger apartment when it became vacant. It was already a lot more space.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/164097/file/298754#t=7573.0,7637.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/164097/file/298754/transcript/87794/annotation/53","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eGhitis:\u003c/strong\u003e What was the address?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/164097/file/298754#t=7637.0,7642.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/164097/file/298754/transcript/87794/annotation/54","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eGlass:\u003c/strong\u003e Grunwaldzka three.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/164097/file/298754#t=7642.0,7648.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/164097/file/298754/transcript/87794/annotation/55","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eGhitis:\u003c/strong\u003e Could you describe the house on the inside?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/164097/file/298754#t=7648.0,7651.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/164097/file/298754/transcript/87794/annotation/56","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eGlass:\u003c/strong\u003e Yes, the inside … Well, the house was built in 1921. My father moved in there like in … maybe, let's see, I think, 1924. It was a very good … It wasn't a new house. You know, when I was in the 1920s and the 1930s, the house was only old 15 years. It was well taken care of. The thing was we didn't have any water in the house. We had to go down … Unless … Yes. In the last two years before the war, they brought water up and we had just a sink. That's all.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/164097/file/298754#t=7651.0,7695.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/164097/file/298754/transcript/87794/annotation/57","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eGhitis:\u003c/strong\u003e You mean running water?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/164097/file/298754#t=7695.0,7696.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/164097/file/298754/transcript/87794/annotation/58","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eGlass:\u003c/strong\u003e Running water, just a sink, nothing else. The bathrooms, they were for … each floor had two bathrooms, but we had to go outside. Even in the winter, we had to go out on the back balcony, which belonged to everyone. There were two toilets. When it came winter, it froze. We had problems.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/164097/file/298754#t=7696.0,7726.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/164097/file/298754/transcript/87794/annotation/59","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eGhitis:\u003c/strong\u003e Approximately when was your father born? In what year?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/164097/file/298754#t=7726.0,7731.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/164097/file/298754/transcript/87794/annotation/60","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eGlass:\u003c/strong\u003e Yes, in 1895, and my mother, too.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/164097/file/298754#t=7731.0,7740.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/164097/file/298754/transcript/87794/annotation/61","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eGhitis:\u003c/strong\u003e Which grandparents were you closest to?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/164097/file/298754#t=7740.0,7744.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/164097/file/298754/transcript/87794/annotation/62","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eGlass:\u003c/strong\u003e I was close to both of them. Even my mother's side was a poor man. He lived in one room, probably not much bigger than this room. But to us, he was a grandfather and a grandmother.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/164097/file/298754#t=7744.0,7761.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/164097/file/298754/transcript/87794/annotation/63","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eGhitis:\u003c/strong\u003e What did you learn from them?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/164097/file/298754#t=7761.0,7763.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/164097/file/298754/transcript/87794/annotation/64","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eGlass:\u003c/strong\u003e They were very nice to us and so on, and I was a little sorry that they didn't have much. They lived very poor. The others had more, but their business, like I told you before, in their 1930s, it went down, their business.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/164097/file/298754#t=7763.0,7790.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/164097/file/298754/transcript/87794/annotation/65","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eGhitis:\u003c/strong\u003e The Great Depression.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/164097/file/298754#t=7790.0,7792.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/164097/file/298754/transcript/87794/annotation/66","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eGlass:\u003c/strong\u003e Yes, and their business was a yard [with] wood for building. What they called that?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/164097/file/298754#t=7792.0,7809.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/164097/file/298754/transcript/87794/annotation/67","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eGhitis:\u003c/strong\u003e Lumber.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/164097/file/298754#t=7809.0,7810.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/164097/file/298754/transcript/87794/annotation/68","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eGlass:\u003c/strong\u003e Lumber, yes, a lumber yard.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/164097/file/298754#t=7810.0,7812.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/164097/file/298754/transcript/87794/annotation/69","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eGhitis:\u003c/strong\u003e How many children were there in your family?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/164097/file/298754#t=7812.0,7817.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/164097/file/298754/transcript/87794/annotation/70","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eGlass:\u003c/strong\u003e In my family were, let's see, one, two, three, four. Thank G-d three came out from … I think the fourth was taken to Auschwitz-Birkenau.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/164097/file/298754#t=7817.0,7830.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/164097/file/298754/transcript/87794/annotation/71","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eGhitis:\u003c/strong\u003e What were their names?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/164097/file/298754#t=7830.0,7833.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/164097/file/298754/transcript/87794/annotation/72","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eGlass:\u003c/strong\u003e All the names? Okay, well, me, which is Chaskel. And then it was Rivka, which they called Rivcha … and she lives in New York. And Hesa is the one from Toronto. [She] lived in Toronto. And the youngest one was Leah. She was born in 1932. When the Germans got ahold of her, she was like ten, 11 years old and sent there with all the rest of the Jews there to Auschwitz-Birkenau.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/164097/file/298754#t=7833.0,7875.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/164097/file/298754/transcript/87794/annotation/73","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eGhitis:\u003c/strong\u003e Which members of your family perished in the Holocaust?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/164097/file/298754#t=7875.0,7880.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/164097/file/298754/transcript/87794/annotation/74","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eGlass:\u003c/strong\u003e All of them. To start, well, very few came out alive. I would say we had a family there probably in the hundreds. I mean, but the close family, I would say was maybe 100, 150, but the rest of them were like second or third cousins and so on.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/164097/file/298754#t=7880.0,7907.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/164097/file/298754/transcript/87794/annotation/75","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eGhitis:\u003c/strong\u003e But of your nuclear family.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/164097/file/298754#t=7907.0,7911.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/164097/file/298754/transcript/87794/annotation/76","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eGlass:\u003c/strong\u003e Yes, the nuclear family.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/164097/file/298754#t=7911.0,7912.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/164097/file/298754/transcript/87794/annotation/77","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eGhitis:\u003c/strong\u003e Parents and children, who perished?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/164097/file/298754#t=7912.0,7915.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/164097/file/298754/transcript/87794/annotation/78","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eGlass:\u003c/strong\u003e From just the parents and children, my father, my mother, and my little sister, Leah.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/164097/file/298754#t=7915.0,7929.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/164097/file/298754/transcript/87794/annotation/79","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eGhitis:\u003c/strong\u003e What kind of education did you receive?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/164097/file/298754#t=7929.0,7933.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/164097/file/298754/transcript/87794/annotation/80","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eGlass:\u003c/strong\u003e Well, I didn't have much education. I got my education, self-educated here because I went to the seventh-grade school. These schools, they were very antisemitic, you know. Sometimes they tried to beat me up or so on and so on. When I finished the seventh class, my father says he's going to take me out temporarily to go to cheder, which means a Jewish school, and maybe sometimes a few years later, to learn a trade or something like that. But a few years later came the war. That's it.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/164097/file/298754#t=7933.0,7982.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/164097/file/298754/transcript/87794/annotation/81","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eGhitis:\u003c/strong\u003e You spoke about a time where you could see the clouds of war. Could you describe that a little bit?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/164097/file/298754#t=7982.0,7994.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/164097/file/298754/transcript/87794/annotation/82","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eGlass:\u003c/strong\u003e The newspapers … There was not much radio. We didn't have a radio. Radio was a luxury at that time, but there was some friends of mine, they had [a radio]. I came up to them and I heard the radio. We only heard Hitler talking about that Poland has to give him back Pomerania. That was a thing. They have to give them back Danzig. They have given back this. And Czechoslovakia has some things from which he has to want to take, and so on and so. So, this is when people were very afraid. Also, about a year before the war started, all the Polish citizens who lived in Germany had to leave and they came to our town, because some of them were from [Chrzanow]. Another [reason was] because we were not far from German border. In fact, I know here a couple of people who came there and to other towns. There were probably a couple hundred thousand people [that] were without anything.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/164097/file/298754#t=7994.0,8070.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/164097/file/298754/transcript/87794/annotation/83","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eGhitis:\u003c/strong\u003e What was the talk inside the family? What did your parents tell you?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/164097/file/298754#t=8070.0,8075.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/164097/file/298754/transcript/87794/annotation/84","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eGlass:\u003c/strong\u003e Well, the parents, they didn't want us children to know very much, but I knew. I knew everything because I read the papers, and I heard, and I was … I knew exactly what was happening.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/164097/file/298754#t=8075.0,8096.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/164097/file/298754/transcript/87794/annotation/85","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eGhitis:\u003c/strong\u003e So …","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/164097/file/298754#t=8096.0,8097.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/164097/file/298754/transcript/87794/annotation/86","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eGlass:\u003c/strong\u003e And if not the parents, I heard from someone else.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/164097/file/298754#t=8097.0,8103.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/164097/file/298754/transcript/87794/annotation/87","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eGhitis:\u003c/strong\u003e As Jews, how would you describe how you felt compared to the rest of the population?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/164097/file/298754#t=8103.0,8113.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/164097/file/298754/transcript/87794/annotation/88","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eGlass:\u003c/strong\u003e Well, you see, we never figured what is going to happen. We figured maybe he'll come in, and this, and this. But killing? We didn't have no idea that they're going to kill innocent people in the millions. And so, we really didn't think much. Especially, you know, when you're that age, a teenager, you don't care much what's happening. We figured, we're so young and I didn't have my own business or something to worry about it. So, that's what it was. The young people were not …","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/164097/file/298754#t=8113.0,8157.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/164097/file/298754/transcript/87794/annotation/89","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eGhitis:\u003c/strong\u003e How old were you around that time?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/164097/file/298754#t=8157.0,8159.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/164097/file/298754/transcript/87794/annotation/90","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eGlass:\u003c/strong\u003e I was 16, yes.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/164097/file/298754#t=8159.0,8164.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/164097/file/298754/transcript/87794/annotation/91","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eGhitis:\u003c/strong\u003e Did you have a social life?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/164097/file/298754#t=8164.0,8168.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/164097/file/298754/transcript/87794/annotation/92","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eGlass:\u003c/strong\u003e Yes, I would say I had. Yes.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/164097/file/298754#t=8168.0,8170.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/164097/file/298754/transcript/87794/annotation/93","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eGhitis:\u003c/strong\u003e In what way?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/164097/file/298754#t=8170.0,8172.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/164097/file/298754/transcript/87794/annotation/94","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eGlass:\u003c/strong\u003e I had a lot of friends, even girls, even with our Orthodox things. I wouldn't say a girlfriend, but you know, we used to go … Once the war started, we had curfews and we couldn't go out at night. In the daytime, you could. You couldn't … But I had that friend and he had a sister. I always went to him because he wanted to learn English also. He survived the war, but after the war, I think he was in Czechoslovakia. He went to swim in a river and he died. This was him and his sister, where I used to go in the beginning when the Germans were already there.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/164097/file/298754#t=8172.0,8226.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/164097/file/298754/transcript/87794/annotation/95","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eGhitis:\u003c/strong\u003e Did you belong to a youth group?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/164097/file/298754#t=8226.0,8229.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/164097/file/298754/transcript/87794/annotation/96","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eGlass:\u003c/strong\u003e Not really, no. No, because the youth groups, most of them were anti-Zionist, and anti-this, and anti-this, and anti-Orthodox, and so on.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/164097/file/298754#t=8229.0,8246.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/164097/file/298754/transcript/87794/annotation/97","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eGhitis:\u003c/strong\u003e Were you Zionist?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/164097/file/298754#t=8246.0,8249.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/164097/file/298754/transcript/87794/annotation/98","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eGlass:\u003c/strong\u003e At that time, more or less, yes.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/164097/file/298754#t=8249.0,8256.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/164097/file/298754/transcript/87794/annotation/99","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eGhitis:\u003c/strong\u003e So, you said that the day Poland was attacked, September 1st, 1939, was Friday. Right.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/164097/file/298754#t=8256.0,8269.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/164097/file/298754/transcript/87794/annotation/100","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eGlass:\u003c/strong\u003e Right.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/164097/file/298754#t=8269.0,8269.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/164097/file/298754/transcript/87794/annotation/101","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eGhitis:\u003c/strong\u003e Right. What images do you have in your mind of that day?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/164097/file/298754#t=8269.0,8273.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/164097/file/298754/transcript/87794/annotation/102","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eGlass:\u003c/strong\u003e You know, my parents were more worried and excited, and I could [it] see in their faces. I could. For us, you know, young people didn't, we didn't know so much. We didn't care. Like I said before, we didn't know that they were going to kill innocent people. So, it was … We did what our parents told us to do. What did they say?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/164097/file/298754#t=8273.0,8301.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/164097/file/298754/transcript/87794/annotation/103","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eGhitis:\u003c/strong\u003e What did they say?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/164097/file/298754#t=8301.0,8301.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/164097/file/298754/transcript/87794/annotation/104","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eGlass:\u003c/strong\u003e What did they say? They said, \"Don't go out and stay here unless you really need to go outside,\" and so on. We didn't go anymore to our shuls. We made in the building. We made like a minyan in the building, so we didn't have to go out. We stayed mostly home, but you had sometimes to go out on the street. I wanted maybe to see my grandmother, what she's doing, or my grandfather and my grandmother on the mother's side. Most of the time, a German caught you and said, \"What you doing here?\" So, I said, \"I want to visit my grandmother.\" [The German said,] \"No. Come on. Come with me. You're going to work. You have to make a ditch here.\" So, that's why we were kind of worried. But when we had to go out, we went out.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/164097/file/298754#t=8301.0,8359.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/164097/file/298754/transcript/87794/annotation/105","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eGhitis:\u003c/strong\u003e What was your first encounter with a Nazi?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/164097/file/298754#t=8359.0,8364.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/164097/file/298754/transcript/87794/annotation/106","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eGlass:\u003c/strong\u003e Oh, my first encounter was terrible. When I came out after three days, I came to just watch the [unintelligible]. When you're young, you are not so worried as an older person. I didn't have a beard. I didn't have anything like that to worry. So, I got to the corner from our house there and I just stayed there by a tree just to watch. And I noticed a German soldier puts up a machine gun there, ready to shoot right on the street there. I was … I didn't know. I didn't figure that he's going to shoot because at that time, we didn't know anything about it. They didn't do that yet. He looked, and looked, and looked at me, and then he said, like, \"Get out of here.\" So, I went. But then, a few days later, it started already. They shot someone on the street because when they said, \"Halt!\"—halt means stay—he didn't halt, he … What do you want me to talk about?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/164097/file/298754#t=8364.0,8460.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/164097/file/298754/transcript/87794/annotation/107","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eGhitis:\u003c/strong\u003e You were talking about your first encounter with a Nazi. Yes.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/164097/file/298754#t=8460.0,8469.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/164097/file/298754/transcript/87794/annotation/108","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eGlass:\u003c/strong\u003e Yes.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/164097/file/298754#t=8469.0,8469.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/164097/file/298754/transcript/87794/annotation/109","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eGhitis:\u003c/strong\u003e Yes. About a gun pointing at you. Yes.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/164097/file/298754#t=8469.0,8474.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/164097/file/298754/transcript/87794/annotation/110","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eGlass:\u003c/strong\u003e Yes.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/164097/file/298754#t=8474.0,8474.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/164097/file/298754/transcript/87794/annotation/111","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eGhitis:\u003c/strong\u003e Yes. You also said that when your family heard about the attack, you left for Trzebinia.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/164097/file/298754#t=8474.0,8484.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/164097/file/298754/transcript/87794/annotation/112","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eGlass:\u003c/strong\u003e No, I didn't say that. No, we started to walk Saturday night, but we came … Saturday night. You see, they came in Friday. Saturday night, we thought we were going but went a few miles and came back because there was no point. The Nazis were already there. But we had to pass Trzebinia.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/164097/file/298754#t=8484.0,8511.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/164097/file/298754/transcript/87794/annotation/113","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eGhitis:\u003c/strong\u003e And you mentioned that your sister was told to go away, to run away.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/164097/file/298754#t=8511.0,8520.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/164097/file/298754/transcript/87794/annotation/114","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eGlass:\u003c/strong\u003e Yes. Not run away. She was … For some reason, she went. We were hidden in our store. We were hidden because it had an iron gate or whatever.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/164097/file/298754#t=8520.0,8534.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/164097/file/298754/transcript/87794/annotation/115","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eGhitis:\u003c/strong\u003e And this was which sister?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/164097/file/298754#t=8534.0,8536.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/164097/file/298754/transcript/87794/annotation/116","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eGlass:\u003c/strong\u003e Hesa, the one who is now in Toronto. She was at the grandmother's house, at my father's mother's. And she couldn't get out from there. She couldn't out and she really wanted to come home. She looked for a way out to go home. So, she said she figured … She was about, at that time … What was she? About 14, 15 years old, something like that. She figured a girl like that, they not going to do nothing. She went and she started to walk. All of a sudden, a German soldier said, \"Halt,\" and \"Where are you going?\" [She] says, \"I want to go to my parents.\" [He asked,] \"Where were you?\" [She told him,] \"I was at my grandmother's.\" He said, \"Get into the church.\" In the church were already hundreds of people there. That's where they gathered them. Nobody know what's going on there. As a little girl, she figured she cannot stay there. First of all, it was a church. And secondly, who knows what they're going to do there? So, she begged one at the door. She begged him that she doesn't see their parents, and she has to go home to her parents, her parents don't know what happened. It seems he somehow got some kind of a … He says, \"Run!\" She told me the story. He gave a sign to the Germans who were outside—the police or whatever they called themselves—to let her go. She ran home.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/164097/file/298754#t=8536.0,8654.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/164097/file/298754/transcript/87794/annotation/117","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eGhitis:\u003c/strong\u003e So, the person who told her to run, what was his …","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/164097/file/298754#t=8654.0,8657.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/164097/file/298754/transcript/87794/annotation/118","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eGlass:\u003c/strong\u003e He was a German, a German guard, or a police officer, or whatever it is, or a soldier.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/164097/file/298754#t=8657.0,8663.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/164097/file/298754/transcript/87794/annotation/119","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eGhitis:\u003c/strong\u003e So, she ran.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/164097/file/298754#t=8663.0,8665.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/164097/file/298754/transcript/87794/annotation/120","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eGlass:\u003c/strong\u003e Yes. Where did she go?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/164097/file/298754#t=8665.0,8666.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/164097/file/298754/transcript/87794/annotation/121","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eGhitis:\u003c/strong\u003e Where did she go?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/164097/file/298754#t=8666.0,8666.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/164097/file/298754/transcript/87794/annotation/122","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eGlass:\u003c/strong\u003e Where did she go? She ran to the house.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/164097/file/298754#t=8666.0,8671.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/164097/file/298754/transcript/87794/annotation/123","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eGhitis:\u003c/strong\u003e Then, were you sent to or placed in a ghetto?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/164097/file/298754#t=8671.0,8680.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/164097/file/298754/transcript/87794/annotation/124","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eGlass:\u003c/strong\u003e There was no ghetto. When I left, there was no ghetto. After I left, they made a ghetto there. And we had to move out. My parents had to move out from the house. Imagine that, what that means. And where did they move? They moved to my grandparents', which had only one room, I told you. There was no places where to go.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/164097/file/298754#t=8680.0,8705.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/164097/file/298754/transcript/87794/annotation/125","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eGhitis:\u003c/strong\u003e When did you start the hard labor for the first time?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/164097/file/298754#t=8705.0,8712.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/164097/file/298754/transcript/87794/annotation/126","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eGlass:\u003c/strong\u003e It was still in Chrzanow when they took us to dig ditches, to dig that, and all kinds of hard labor, and to clean their places where they stayed, the Germans. You had to clean. If you didn't do a good job, they hit you, they kicked you, and everything.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/164097/file/298754#t=8712.0,8738.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/164097/file/298754/transcript/87794/annotation/127","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eGhitis:\u003c/strong\u003e Who was in charge?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/164097/file/298754#t=8738.0,8739.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/164097/file/298754/transcript/87794/annotation/128","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eGlass:\u003c/strong\u003e Oh, there were some of the Germans there, or whoever, or everyone. Everyone could do whatever they want.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/164097/file/298754#t=8739.0,8746.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/164097/file/298754/transcript/87794/annotation/129","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eGhitis:\u003c/strong\u003e Were you ever punished at that stage?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/164097/file/298754#t=8746.0,8754.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/164097/file/298754/transcript/87794/annotation/130","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eGlass:\u003c/strong\u003e Not in Chrzanow, because I knew what's happening. There are some people who talk back a little bit and so on. They didn't … I always tried to do … If they said to make a line [of] fours, I always tried not to be in the front, just somewhere in the middle, so they're not going to see me, they're not going look at me, and so. That's how I avoided punishment. One time I was punished, but it's a little bit. When we were in Sakrau, there used to be one of these guys. I think he was maybe the second to the commander from the camp. He used to come every few nights after work and he had everybody take off their shoes. If somebody had dirty feet, he started to … \"Go wash your feet!\" So, one time …","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/164097/file/298754#t=8754.0,8823.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/164097/file/298754/transcript/87794/annotation/131","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eGhitis:\u003c/strong\u003e He started to do what?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/164097/file/298754#t=8823.0,8824.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/164097/file/298754/transcript/87794/annotation/132","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eGlass:\u003c/strong\u003e To beat him. Well, there was one time, I was tired coming home from work. I didn't have a chance to wash. You had to go outside to watch. There was nothing inside. And outside was ice, and snow, and stuff like that. I figured maybe I could get by. He came in and he looked. He got for the first, he started to beat and beat. He came to me and he saw. \"Take your shoes off,\" he said in German. So, I took my shoes off. There were no socks, they didn't give you any socks, only the shoes. They didn't even give you shoes. They gave you wooden shoes. He says, \"You didn't wash your feet.\" I said, \"Well, I didn't yet, because I was going to go out and wash my feet.\" He started to beat me. This is probably the only time I got punished. But he went out later.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/164097/file/298754#t=8824.0,8895.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/164097/file/298754/transcript/87794/annotation/133","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eGhitis:\u003c/strong\u003e You said that in Chrzanow you were digging ditches?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/164097/file/298754#t=8895.0,8899.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/164097/file/298754/transcript/87794/annotation/134","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eGlass:\u003c/strong\u003e Yes, they wanted to make ditches just in case they have to fight the British, because they already had war with the British and the French. Just in case.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/164097/file/298754#t=8899.0,8919.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/164097/file/298754/transcript/87794/annotation/135","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eGhitis:\u003c/strong\u003e And how long was your workday?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/164097/file/298754#t=8919.0,8921.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/164097/file/298754/transcript/87794/annotation/136","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eGlass:\u003c/strong\u003e Oh, there was no time. Sometimes they let you out after a few hours and sometimes they kept you for the whole day until it got dark.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/164097/file/298754#t=8921.0,8934.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/164097/file/298754/transcript/87794/annotation/137","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eGhitis:\u003c/strong\u003e Did you have sufficient food?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/164097/file/298754#t=8934.0,8937.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/164097/file/298754/transcript/87794/annotation/138","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eGlass:\u003c/strong\u003e No, they didn't give us anything. Nothing. They didn't feed us anything.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/164097/file/298754#t=8937.0,8943.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/164097/file/298754/transcript/87794/annotation/139","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eGhitis:\u003c/strong\u003e Was there food available?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/164097/file/298754#t=8943.0,8944.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/164097/file/298754/transcript/87794/annotation/140","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eGlass:\u003c/strong\u003e You had to have a ticket [ration card] to get the food. The bakeries, you had to stand in line. Sometimes, you stood in the line, and when the Poles came, they chased the Jews out from the line because they wanted to get the bread. Sometimes it was a line, and they came out, \"No more bread. No more.\" You had to go home hungry.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/164097/file/298754#t=8944.0,8971.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/164097/file/298754/transcript/87794/annotation/141","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eGhitis:\u003c/strong\u003e What were your parents doing at this time?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/164097/file/298754#t=8971.0,8975.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/164097/file/298754/transcript/87794/annotation/142","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eGlass:\u003c/strong\u003e Well, they were not doing. My father had a black beard. During that year, his black beard became white. They just they didn't know what to do. There was nothing. You couldn't do anything.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/164097/file/298754#t=8975.0,8990.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/164097/file/298754/transcript/87794/annotation/143","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eGhitis:\u003c/strong\u003e Were they sent to forced labor?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/164097/file/298754#t=8990.0,8994.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/164097/file/298754/transcript/87794/annotation/144","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eGlass:\u003c/strong\u003e No, not my parents. No, they just sent to forced labor just young people. My parents, they didn't until they took him to Auschwitz-Birkenau.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/164097/file/298754#t=8994.0,9005.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/164097/file/298754/transcript/87794/annotation/145","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eGhitis:\u003c/strong\u003e When did you leave your hometown for the first time? What date was that?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/164097/file/298754#t=9005.0,9012.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/164097/file/298754/transcript/87794/annotation/146","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eGlass:\u003c/strong\u003e Like I said, it was a day after Sukkot, which means it must have been like October.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/164097/file/298754#t=9012.0,9023.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/164097/file/298754/transcript/87794/annotation/147","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eGhitis:\u003c/strong\u003e Of 1939?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/164097/file/298754#t=9023.0,9025.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/164097/file/298754/transcript/87794/annotation/148","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eGlass:\u003c/strong\u003e Nineteen forty. I was a year there between from them coming in until they took out.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/164097/file/298754#t=9025.0,9034.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/164097/file/298754/transcript/87794/annotation/149","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eGhitis:\u003c/strong\u003e You said how you saw your mother.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/164097/file/298754#t=9034.0,9039.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/164097/file/298754/transcript/87794/annotation/150","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eGlass:\u003c/strong\u003e Yes, Mother.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/164097/file/298754#t=9039.0,9040.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/164097/file/298754/transcript/87794/annotation/151","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eGhitis:\u003c/strong\u003e Did you ever see her again? Do you know where she died?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/164097/file/298754#t=9040.0,9050.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/164097/file/298754/transcript/87794/annotation/152","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eGlass:\u003c/strong\u003e Yes. They were taken to Auschwitz-Birkenau.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/164097/file/298754#t=9050.0,9059.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/164097/file/298754/transcript/87794/annotation/153","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eGhitis:\u003c/strong\u003e You were taken from your hometown to …","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/164097/file/298754#t=9059.0,9065.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/164097/file/298754/transcript/87794/annotation/154","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eGlass:\u003c/strong\u003e To Sakrau.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/164097/file/298754#t=9065.0,9070.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/164097/file/298754/transcript/87794/annotation/155","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eGhitis:\u003c/strong\u003e What kind of work did you do there again?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/164097/file/298754#t=9070.0,9075.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/164097/file/298754/transcript/87794/annotation/156","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eGlass:\u003c/strong\u003e Okay, there was two types of work. They built a freeway there. We had to start from scratch. At that time, it was not like they have today. We have to do the digging, we had to mix the cement, we had to bring the cement, we had to carry the … They had a little … What do you call it? Like where the railway goes, little thing. They had little … which you had to go and take them. What do they call it? Little trains. It's not a train. It's just something.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/164097/file/298754#t=9075.0,9124.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/164097/file/298754/transcript/87794/annotation/157","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eGhitis:\u003c/strong\u003e A little cart?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/164097/file/298754#t=9124.0,9125.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/164097/file/298754/transcript/87794/annotation/158","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eGlass:\u003c/strong\u003e Carts, yes, carts. It was like a railroad thing, but it was very narrow, and the cars went on it.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/164097/file/298754#t=9125.0,9141.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/164097/file/298754/transcript/87794/annotation/159","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eGhitis:\u003c/strong\u003e This was Sakrua?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/164097/file/298754#t=9141.0,9144.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/164097/file/298754/transcript/87794/annotation/160","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eGlass:\u003c/strong\u003e This was in Sakrua, yes. We built a highway.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/164097/file/298754#t=9144.0,9150.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/164097/file/298754/transcript/87794/annotation/161","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eGhitis:\u003c/strong\u003e Where did the highway go to?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/164097/file/298754#t=9150.0,9155.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/164097/file/298754/transcript/87794/annotation/162","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eGlass:\u003c/strong\u003e The one we built was in Oberschlesien [German: Upper Silesia]. Where it goes to, I have no idea. We never knew.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/164097/file/298754#t=9155.0,9167.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/164097/file/298754/transcript/87794/annotation/163","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eGhitis:\u003c/strong\u003e So, how was your typical day?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/164097/file/298754#t=9167.0,9170.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/164097/file/298754/transcript/87794/annotation/164","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eGlass:\u003c/strong\u003e Typical day was like this here: we had German civilians who watched us, and then also some SS came every day and looked at people are working. If they were not working, they took them away. They sent them to Auschwitz-Birkenau. And the German civilians, they said, \"Schnell! Schnell!\" [German] which means fast. When somebody was working here to do something, and just for one second, he stand up, either he screamed at him or he told him, \"Work! Work!\" Once maybe every two, three days came a group of … probably they were the contractors or whatever it is, but they were nice dressed and everything. When they saw somebody working slow, they went and started to beat them and so on. But those civilian contactors, the civilian people who watched us … There were some civilians and sometimes, they were bad and sometimes they were good. They couldn't give us [food]. They brought their lunches and everything. We had to look. They eat and we don't have anything. But once in a while, he threw it away, or made himself like throw away this, and someone from us went and picked it up. But if he would have been caught by the SS or whatever it is, they would have punished him.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/164097/file/298754#t=9170.0,9286.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/164097/file/298754/transcript/87794/annotation/165","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eGhitis:\u003c/strong\u003e Did the contractors belong to a company?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/164097/file/298754#t=9286.0,9289.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/164097/file/298754/transcript/87794/annotation/166","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eGlass:\u003c/strong\u003e I think so, yes.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/164097/file/298754#t=9289.0,9291.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/164097/file/298754/transcript/87794/annotation/167","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eGhitis:\u003c/strong\u003e Would you remember what company it was?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/164097/file/298754#t=9291.0,9294.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/164097/file/298754/transcript/87794/annotation/168","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eGlass:\u003c/strong\u003e Oh, yes. Well, I remember some of them. [Grun and] Bilfinger. Let me see. I know a few years ago, I remembered the names. Krupp. You know the name, Krupp. Yes, the last two years, I worked for Krupp, two or three years.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/164097/file/298754#t=9294.0,9320.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/164097/file/298754/transcript/87794/annotation/169","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eGhitis:\u003c/strong\u003e The last two, three years, where?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/164097/file/298754#t=9320.0,9323.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/164097/file/298754/transcript/87794/annotation/170","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eGlass:\u003c/strong\u003e In Funfteichen and in Sakrau. Not Sakrau. Where was I? Before Funfteichen, I was … I'm getting already a little mixed up. Markstadt. And then in Braunschweig, we worked in the Hermann Goering Werke. That was Hermann Goering Werke, and what we did is we made those something artillery shells. It was that long and we had to fill them up with things. This is the one where the German saw that I'm doing well, so he gave me lighter work. But every half an hour, I had to go and measure because the machine, sometimes it moves a little bit, even one millimeter.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/164097/file/298754#t=9323.0,9389.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/164097/file/298754/transcript/87794/annotation/171","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eGhitis:\u003c/strong\u003e So, what company was building …","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/164097/file/298754#t=9389.0,9392.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/164097/file/298754/transcript/87794/annotation/172","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eGlass:\u003c/strong\u003e That was Hermann Goering Werke, which means …","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/164097/file/298754#t=9392.0,9398.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/164097/file/298754/transcript/87794/annotation/173","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eGhitis:\u003c/strong\u003e But that was later on?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/164097/file/298754#t=9398.0,9401.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/164097/file/298754/transcript/87794/annotation/174","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eGlass:\u003c/strong\u003e Yes, that was later. That was Braunschweig, yes.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/164097/file/298754#t=9401.0,9403.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/164097/file/298754/transcript/87794/annotation/175","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eGhitis:\u003c/strong\u003e So, from Sakrau, you went to Tarnowicz?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/164097/file/298754#t=9403.0,9416.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/164097/file/298754/transcript/87794/annotation/176","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eGlass:\u003c/strong\u003e To Tarnowicz, yes.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/164097/file/298754#t=9416.0,9418.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/164097/file/298754/transcript/87794/annotation/177","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eGhitis:\u003c/strong\u003e What was it like there?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/164097/file/298754#t=9418.0,9424.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/164097/file/298754/transcript/87794/annotation/178","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eGlass:\u003c/strong\u003e It was even worse than Sakrau, because like I told you, we had the Judenaltester, which means that … It was a woman, which used to be our neighbor in the Chrzanow, and she was like a German. She's not alive. I don't know what happened to her even.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/164097/file/298754#t=9424.0,9445.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/164097/file/298754/transcript/87794/annotation/179","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eGhitis:\u003c/strong\u003e You also, when talking about Jewish kapos, you said that sometimes they were good to you?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/164097/file/298754#t=9445.0,9458.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/164097/file/298754/transcript/87794/annotation/180","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eGlass:\u003c/strong\u003e Well, the kapos were like … Inside, yes, in the thing was a Jewish kapo, which he was in charge of everything. Sometimes they were good, but most of the time they were bad. It depends.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/164097/file/298754#t=9458.0,9477.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/164097/file/298754/transcript/87794/annotation/181","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eGhitis:\u003c/strong\u003e Was someone, a kapo good to you?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/164097/file/298754#t=9477.0,9480.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/164097/file/298754/transcript/87794/annotation/182","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eGlass:\u003c/strong\u003e In Sakrau, there were very bad kapos. There were a couple from our hometown, but they were like underworld people. The Nazis, the Germans knew who to pick to be a kapo. But sometimes they were good—not these people, but others were good.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/164097/file/298754#t=9480.0,9502.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/164097/file/298754/transcript/87794/annotation/183","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eGhitis:\u003c/strong\u003e What work did you do in Tarnowicz?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/164097/file/298754#t=9502.0,9505.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/164097/file/298754/transcript/87794/annotation/184","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eGlass:\u003c/strong\u003e I think, let me see, we were there only a few months. What we did … We were very hungry. This I know. That was less food than in Sakrau. What we did is, I think we fixed a railway thing, yes, a railway.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/164097/file/298754#t=9505.0,9527.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/164097/file/298754/transcript/87794/annotation/185","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eGhitis:\u003c/strong\u003e Were you working again for some company?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/164097/file/298754#t=9527.0,9531.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/164097/file/298754/transcript/87794/annotation/186","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eGlass:\u003c/strong\u003e That must have been a company, yes.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/164097/file/298754#t=9531.0,9533.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/164097/file/298754/transcript/87794/annotation/187","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eGhitis:\u003c/strong\u003e Do you remember what company?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/164097/file/298754#t=9533.0,9535.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/164097/file/298754/transcript/87794/annotation/188","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eGlass:\u003c/strong\u003e I don't remember that.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/164097/file/298754#t=9535.0,9536.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/164097/file/298754/transcript/87794/annotation/189","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eGhitis:\u003c/strong\u003e Do you remember in what year you were in Tarnowicz?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/164097/file/298754#t=9536.0,9541.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/164097/file/298754/transcript/87794/annotation/190","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eGlass:\u003c/strong\u003e Yes, like two years we were in Sakrau, which means 1940. Let's see … From 1940, we were in Sakrau for two years. Then, we went to Tarnowicz after that, after two years being in Sakrau.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/164097/file/298754#t=9541.0,9566.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/164097/file/298754/transcript/87794/annotation/191","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eGhitis:\u003c/strong\u003e So, you were saying that in Tarnowicz you worked on the railway?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/164097/file/298754#t=9566.0,9571.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/164097/file/298754/transcript/87794/annotation/192","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eGlass:\u003c/strong\u003e Yes.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/164097/file/298754#t=9571.0,9573.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/164097/file/298754/transcript/87794/annotation/193","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eGhitis:\u003c/strong\u003e Describe your life there.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/164097/file/298754#t=9573.0,9576.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/164097/file/298754/transcript/87794/annotation/194","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eGlass:\u003c/strong\u003e I tell you, I don't remember. It was not good. We were … You know, as bad as it was in Sakrau, that was worse. Imagine, I went and I wanted to get a piece of bread. I said to that woman, which was our neighbor at home, and she just threw me out. Can you imagine?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/164097/file/298754#t=9576.0,9606.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/164097/file/298754/transcript/87794/annotation/195","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eGhitis:\u003c/strong\u003e Did you make friends?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/164097/file/298754#t=9606.0,9608.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/164097/file/298754/transcript/87794/annotation/196","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eGlass:\u003c/strong\u003e Yes, I had friends. Yes. Well, you know, we all have to be friends because we all suffered. We had to talk. We had do something. We had talk to each other and so on. Yes, I had a lot of friends there. Sometimes, the friend got punished and they sent him away to Auschwitz-Birkenau. Sometimes, they got … A lot of people committed suicide. In Markstadt, what happened one time, a good friend of mine … He was also religious. He was a little older, because they took him already to Poland before the war, they took them already to the military. He ran away. Nobody knew how, what, and when. They caught him. You know what the Germans did with him? They tied him to a pole in the thing. They tied him and they had everybody come and look at him. They probably almost killed him because he was bloody everywhere, the whole body. He was tied up till he died. He was a nice man.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/164097/file/298754#t=9608.0,9691.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/164097/file/298754/transcript/87794/annotation/197","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eGhitis:\u003c/strong\u003e Did you see that?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/164097/file/298754#t=9691.0,9692.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/164097/file/298754/transcript/87794/annotation/198","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eGlass:\u003c/strong\u003e I saw it, yes.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/164097/file/298754#t=9692.0,9693.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/164097/file/298754/transcript/87794/annotation/199","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eGhitis:\u003c/strong\u003e And this was in …","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/164097/file/298754#t=9693.0,9695.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/164097/file/298754/transcript/87794/annotation/200","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eGlass:\u003c/strong\u003e In Sakrau.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/164097/file/298754#t=9695.0,9698.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/164097/file/298754/transcript/87794/annotation/201","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eGhitis:\u003c/strong\u003e In Sakrau?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/164097/file/298754#t=9698.0,9699.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/164097/file/298754/transcript/87794/annotation/202","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eGlass:\u003c/strong\u003e No, in Markstadt.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/164097/file/298754#t=9699.0,9701.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/164097/file/298754/transcript/87794/annotation/203","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eGhitis:\u003c/strong\u003e From Tarnowicz you went to Markstadt?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/164097/file/298754#t=9701.0,9704.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/164097/file/298754/transcript/87794/annotation/204","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eGlass:\u003c/strong\u003e Yes.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/164097/file/298754#t=9704.0,9707.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/164097/file/298754/transcript/87794/annotation/205","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eGhitis:\u003c/strong\u003e And you arrived there in what year?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/164097/file/298754#t=9707.0,9713.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/164097/file/298754/transcript/87794/annotation/206","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eGlass:\u003c/strong\u003e Well, it was … Let's see, two years in Sakrau, which is from 1940 to 1942. We arrived at probably the end of or the beginning of 1943, something like that. Yes, beginning of 1943.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/164097/file/298754#t=9713.0,9729.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/164097/file/298754/transcript/87794/annotation/207","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eGhitis:\u003c/strong\u003e What kind of work did you do there?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/164097/file/298754#t=9729.0,9731.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/164097/file/298754/transcript/87794/annotation/208","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eGlass:\u003c/strong\u003e In Markstadt, I worked for a company who built a big factory there, probably for ammunition and so on. I worked for that company, which I said [was] Bilfinger. They had one more name. I might find sometime. That may be here.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/164097/file/298754#t=9731.0,9761.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/164097/file/298754/transcript/87794/annotation/209","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eGhitis:\u003c/strong\u003e What work did you do exactly?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/164097/file/298754#t=9761.0,9765.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/164097/file/298754/transcript/87794/annotation/210","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eGlass:\u003c/strong\u003e We did the roof, the wood. It was a very hard work. You had to be very careful not to fall down, because we did that wood first, and then, they came and did the other thing.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/164097/file/298754#t=9765.0,9792.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/164097/file/298754/transcript/87794/annotation/211","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eGhitis:\u003c/strong\u003e Who was in charge here?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/164097/file/298754#t=9792.0,9794.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/164097/file/298754/transcript/87794/annotation/212","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eGlass:\u003c/strong\u003e All Germans.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/164097/file/298754#t=9794.0,9795.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/164097/file/298754/transcript/87794/annotation/213","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eGhitis:\u003c/strong\u003e Civilians or military?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/164097/file/298754#t=9795.0,9798.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/164097/file/298754/transcript/87794/annotation/214","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eGlass:\u003c/strong\u003e Civilians.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/164097/file/298754#t=9798.0,9800.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/164097/file/298754/transcript/87794/annotation/215","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eGhitis:\u003c/strong\u003e Was there any difference in the treatment you received from civilians compared to the military people?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/164097/file/298754#t=9800.0,9809.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/164097/file/298754/transcript/87794/annotation/216","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eGlass:\u003c/strong\u003e It depends. Sometimes the civilians were … We found a good civilian. I found a few times a good civilian, which he was against the Nazis and so on, but he had to be there because they have to be. And sometimes even a civilian was no good. It all depends.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/164097/file/298754#t=9809.0,9830.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/164097/file/298754/transcript/87794/annotation/217","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eGhitis:\u003c/strong\u003e Do you remember the name of the company? Does it come to mind?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/164097/file/298754#t=9830.0,9840.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/164097/file/298754/transcript/87794/annotation/218","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eGlass:\u003c/strong\u003e It will take me a little while. I don't remember.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/164097/file/298754#t=9840.0,9852.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/164097/file/298754/transcript/87794/annotation/219","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eGhitis:\u003c/strong\u003e Where did you go from Markstadt?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/164097/file/298754#t=9852.0,9855.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/164097/file/298754/transcript/87794/annotation/220","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eGlass:\u003c/strong\u003e From Markstadt, they sent us to Funfteichen.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/164097/file/298754#t=9855.0,9860.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/164097/file/298754/transcript/87794/annotation/221","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eGhitis:\u003c/strong\u003e When did you arrive there?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/164097/file/298754#t=9860.0,9862.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/164097/file/298754/transcript/87794/annotation/222","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eGlass:\u003c/strong\u003e In the winter of 1943-1944.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/164097/file/298754#t=9862.0,9867.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/164097/file/298754/transcript/87794/annotation/223","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eGhitis:\u003c/strong\u003e What happened there?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/164097/file/298754#t=9867.0,9869.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/164097/file/298754/transcript/87794/annotation/224","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eGlass:\u003c/strong\u003e In Funfteichen, they took away our civilian clothes, what we had. We didn't have much clothes, just one. We couldn't have an extra shirt, or extra pants, or anything. What we did is we worked. What did I say? We worked. I think we worked in the same factory because it was only a few kilometers away from Markstadt. You know, what happened there also is we had a Judenaltester, which means a Jewish [elder], Judenaltester. I don't know. The Jewish who was in charge of them, he has to be responsible. He ran away. A Judenaltester had it good. He had everything to eat. He could eat whatever he wanted, and he could do whatever he wanted, and so on. He ran away. That was earlier. I would say maybe seven, eight months before the war ended, and he survived. He must have had some kind of a connection with a German or something.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/164097/file/298754#t=9869.0,9944.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/164097/file/298754/transcript/87794/annotation/225","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eGhitis:\u003c/strong\u003e When did you leave Funfteichen?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/164097/file/298754#t=9944.0,9948.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/164097/file/298754/transcript/87794/annotation/226","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eGlass:\u003c/strong\u003e Funfteichen, we left on the way to Gross-Rosen. I think I said that. Let me see. Just let me figure out. We came to … Yes, let's see, when was the 1943? It was in 1944. Yes, it was beginning of 1944.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/164097/file/298754#t=9948.0,9983.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/164097/file/298754/transcript/87794/annotation/227","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eGhitis:\u003c/strong\u003e You went to Gross-Rosen?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/164097/file/298754#t=9983.0,9986.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/164097/file/298754/transcript/87794/annotation/228","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eGlass:\u003c/strong\u003e Yes, we went to Gross-Rosen. It was the beginning of … Yes, beginning of … We went to Gross-Rosen for a short time, about two weeks or so, but we couldn't rest there. We had to work in the quarry. And from Gross-Rosen, they sent us to Braunschweig.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/164097/file/298754#t=9986.0,10006.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/164097/file/298754/transcript/87794/annotation/229","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eGhitis:\u003c/strong\u003e Now, in Gross-Rosen, you just said you worked in a quarry?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/164097/file/298754#t=10006.0,10011.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/164097/file/298754/transcript/87794/annotation/230","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eGlass:\u003c/strong\u003e Yes, right. Not only me, it was a whole bunch.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/164097/file/298754#t=10011.0,10016.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/164097/file/298754/transcript/87794/annotation/231","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eGhitis:\u003c/strong\u003e Did you find out what the stones from the quarry were being used for?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/164097/file/298754#t=10016.0,10022.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/164097/file/298754/transcript/87794/annotation/232","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eGlass:\u003c/strong\u003e They were not used. Because there was another party who brought it down. They had to give us some work. They didn't want us to sit, so they took us to the quarry. One party there—I don't know, 50 people or so—had to bring up the stones, and the other 50 people had to take it down. We, again, had to go down, and we had to go schnell, schnell. You know, quick, quick.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/164097/file/298754#t=10022.0,10051.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/164097/file/298754/transcript/87794/annotation/233","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eGhitis:\u003c/strong\u003e Then you went to Braunschweig. What did you do there?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/164097/file/298754#t=10051.0,10062.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/164097/file/298754/transcript/87794/annotation/234","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eGlass:\u003c/strong\u003e Yes, like I explained to you, we worked. We made those for the tanks, the ammunition there. What you call it? I don't know what it is. What the tanks shoot out, grenades or whatever.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/164097/file/298754#t=10062.0,10084.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/164097/file/298754/transcript/87794/annotation/235","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eGhitis:\u003c/strong\u003e What exactly did you do?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/164097/file/298754#t=10084.0,10087.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/164097/file/298754/transcript/87794/annotation/236","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eGlass:\u003c/strong\u003e First, I was there by the machines, and I put in and helped somebody. Now, like I explained before, the German there, he saw that I am doing pretty good. So, he put me not to the hard work, which this had to … But I had to see, to go every half an hour and measure that machine, several machines. He gave me to measure if it didn't move at least not even a millimeter. It was a very responsible job, but I did it.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/164097/file/298754#t=10087.0,10133.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/164097/file/298754/transcript/87794/annotation/237","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eGhitis:\u003c/strong\u003e Then, from there, you went …","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/164097/file/298754#t=10133.0,10139.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/164097/file/298754/transcript/87794/annotation/238","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eGlass:\u003c/strong\u003e From there, they marched us to … First, they took … They marched us from there to Bergen-Belsen.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/164097/file/298754#t=10139.0,10158.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/164097/file/298754/transcript/87794/annotation/239","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eGhitis:\u003c/strong\u003e What nationalities do you remember finding in Bergen-Belsen?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/164097/file/298754#t=10158.0,10163.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/164097/file/298754/transcript/87794/annotation/240","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eGlass:\u003c/strong\u003e All the European nationalities, Russians, a lot of Russians, Hungarians, Czechs, Yugoslavians, and French, Italians, because at that time it was already after they hanged [Benito] Mussolini. So, the Germans came in, and they took a lot of Italians there.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/164097/file/298754#t=10163.0,10190.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/164097/file/298754/transcript/87794/annotation/241","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eGhitis:\u003c/strong\u003e You mentioned gypsies.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/164097/file/298754#t=10190.0,10194.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/164097/file/298754/transcript/87794/annotation/242","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eGlass:\u003c/strong\u003e Gypsies, yes.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/164097/file/298754#t=10194.0,10195.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/164097/file/298754/transcript/87794/annotation/243","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eGhitis:\u003c/strong\u003e Did you see any homosexuals?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/164097/file/298754#t=10195.0,10198.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/164097/file/298754/transcript/87794/annotation/244","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eGlass:\u003c/strong\u003e Yes, because the homosexuals had to wear a special green something here on their shirt. Yes, it was a lot of them.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/164097/file/298754#t=10198.0,10206.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/164097/file/298754/transcript/87794/annotation/245","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eGhitis:\u003c/strong\u003e Did you have a number?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/164097/file/298754#t=10206.0,10209.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/164097/file/298754/transcript/87794/annotation/246","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eGlass:\u003c/strong\u003e Yes, I had a number, but I don't remember. They didn't put [tattoo] my number … In Auschwitz-Birkenau … There was only a few [camps] where they put a number, mostly in Auschwitz-Birkenau. But not where I was. I was not in Auschwitz-Birkenau, so I didn't have a number.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/164097/file/298754#t=10209.0,10226.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/164097/file/298754/transcript/87794/annotation/247","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eGhitis:\u003c/strong\u003e On what day did you arrive in Bergen-Belsen?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/164097/file/298754#t=10226.0,10230.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/164097/file/298754/transcript/87794/annotation/248","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eGlass:\u003c/strong\u003e Seven days before the liberation, which means about, I would say, the seventh of April [1945].","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/164097/file/298754#t=10230.0,10241.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/164097/file/298754/transcript/87794/annotation/249","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eGhitis:\u003c/strong\u003e You mentioned someone saying to you, \"You are liberated.\"","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/164097/file/298754#t=10241.0,10249.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/164097/file/298754/transcript/87794/annotation/250","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eGlass:\u003c/strong\u003e Yes.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/164097/file/298754#t=10249.0,10250.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/164097/file/298754/transcript/87794/annotation/251","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eGhitis:\u003c/strong\u003e Could you tell that story again, please?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/164097/file/298754#t=10250.0,10256.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/164097/file/298754/transcript/87794/annotation/252","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eGlass:\u003c/strong\u003e We were sitting. Already, that was … We were there about seven days already, no food, nothing. One time we got a little soup, but it was nothing. It was not … We thought maybe we have another day to go. We might die. We were sitting outside and there was a little bit grass, so we just took the grass and ate, but there was nothing. So, we were like kind of, you know, waiting for the dead, a few of my friends and so on. All of a sudden, we heard … There was a fence, like I told you, maybe as far away as the church here. We heard some rumbling. When we looked, it was tanks. One of them, he just picked up his … I mean, put up his head a little bit and he says, \"Oh, these tanks don't look like German tanks. It's not German tanks.\" When we hear something like that, we all got up, sat up, and looked at, and it was not German tanks, but we didn't know exactly what it was. We figured maybe Americans. Maybe, I don't know. So, in about maybe ten minutes later or so, a tank ran through the gate, which was on the other side from the road where they went. So, we ran there. We heard something, a commotion there. Well, we ran. We walked there. We couldn't run. We walked slow. We saw a tank there in the middle of the … We haven't seen a tank before. We have never seen a tank except when they came into Poland. Someone gets up there, one officer or whoever he was, and says in German, \"Er sind frei!\" [German: He is free!] You know, like, \"You are free! We came here to …\" But they couldn't believe what they saw. It's just impossible, you know, what they saw there. That was the first of that type of a camp they liberated. It was … But also, I forgot to tell you some of the German guards and all these [people] who killed and hit, they tried to get away. Some of them got away, but some of them were those tough Germans. They said they're not going to go and they were there. The army took them in, and they told them to bury the dead. There were thousands and thousands laying there dead. The smell was terrible. You should have seen. When they walked, people wanted to go and kill them, but the British soldier says, \"No. No, it has to be. We know what to do with them.\" I was there later on. About two years later, I visited that old thing, but the old thing was, and there were graves. Here's 25,000 in that grave, and that grave's 20,000, that grave is 30,000 dead, and so on, and so on. That's still there. Anyway, those people … Yes, there's pictures. You can see them in the museums. If you go to Auschwitz-Birkenau—I don't know if you've been in Auschwitz-Birkenau—you see the pictures there.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/164097/file/298754#t=10256.0,10496.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/164097/file/298754/transcript/87794/annotation/253","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eGhitis:\u003c/strong\u003e Who was with you at that moment? Do you remember?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/164097/file/298754#t=10496.0,10501.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/164097/file/298754/transcript/87794/annotation/254","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eGlass:\u003c/strong\u003e I don't remember. See, you don't think at that time. You're just, like …","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/164097/file/298754#t=10501.0,10514.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/164097/file/298754/transcript/87794/annotation/255","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eGhitis:\u003c/strong\u003e How old were you?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/164097/file/298754#t=10514.0,10517.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/164097/file/298754/transcript/87794/annotation/256","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eGlass:\u003c/strong\u003e Well, that was 1945. I was 22 years old.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/164097/file/298754#t=10517.0,10521.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/164097/file/298754/transcript/87794/annotation/257","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eGhitis:\u003c/strong\u003e What did you want to do?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/164097/file/298754#t=10521.0,10523.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/164097/file/298754/transcript/87794/annotation/258","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eGlass:\u003c/strong\u003e I didn't even think at the time what to do. I just wanted to see who was left from my family. That was my first thing.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/164097/file/298754#t=10523.0,10538.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/164097/file/298754/transcript/87794/annotation/259","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eGhitis:\u003c/strong\u003e How did you meet your wife?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/164097/file/298754#t=10538.0,10542.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/164097/file/298754/transcript/87794/annotation/260","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eGlass:\u003c/strong\u003e Well, it was the end of 1945. I needed to make some money because what we got from the British there was just poor. You got your soap, you got the thing, everything, every day the same. So, we figured out something. We figured, me and my … He was my partner here. He passed away last year. We tried to figure out what to do. A lot of people went to Berlin. We figured, let's go. We went to Berlin. We found out where there's somebody at home, which he is a half a Jew, a German. He lives in that house. He takes in a lot of Jewish people. They pay him a little bit. There's where I met my wife. She saw me, I think, and her cousin, which is her second or third cousin, like I said before … I don't know how he's related to her. So, he introduced me to her, and this is how it started. It seems like we figured out probably we're matching each other. She told you the story about the train, [about how] the Russians came and they wanted to know what we are doing here, and so on. That was on the Russian side, in Berlin. Then, the train almost started to go, and she was still down below. I was in the train, and I ran quick down. I said, \"Come with me.\" The Russians didn't say anything anymore because I think they got a bag from her, and quick, the train started already to move. I got her quick up there. She can never forget.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/164097/file/298754#t=10542.0,10691.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/164097/file/298754/transcript/87794/annotation/261","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eGhitis:\u003c/strong\u003e Your wedding, where was it?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/164097/file/298754#t=10691.0,10694.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/164097/file/298754/transcript/87794/annotation/262","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eGlass:\u003c/strong\u003e In Bergen-Belsen.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/164097/file/298754#t=10694.0,10695.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/164097/file/298754/transcript/87794/annotation/263","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eGhitis:\u003c/strong\u003e What do you remember?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/164097/file/298754#t=10695.0,10698.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/164097/file/298754/transcript/87794/annotation/264","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eGlass:\u003c/strong\u003e I remember one thing. I remember we needed … Well, she got a gown from somewhere there, but I didn't have very much, what to dress, some … I don't know what I had. Yes, I think I bought a little suit from that German lady where my sisters were, where I picked them up there. Yes, I bought for some cigarettes. I bought the suit and that was probably her husband's suit or something. We figured out … Well, there were about 10,000 people in Bergen-Belsen. They came from everywhere there because that was a big place. So, we figured maybe we will invite like 50, 75 people, the ones we know. But we needed some kosher meat. So, I went to the Celle, that you mentioned before. There was already a rabbi there, and they had a shochet, and we got some kosher. I brought it, I think, on a motorcycle or whatever it was, I don't remember, or I went someone's motorcycle. I put it on my thing. Nobody expected to have a big wedding there. There was no money, no nothing like that. We just made it. I have a picture. Where's the picture with the rabbi on our wedding. You saw it? Yes, you saw it.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/164097/file/298754#t=10698.0,10807.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/164097/file/298754/transcript/87794/annotation/265","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eGhitis:\u003c/strong\u003e So, what was the date?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/164097/file/298754#t=10807.0,10809.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/164097/file/298754/transcript/87794/annotation/266","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eGlass:\u003c/strong\u003e The date was the 18th of September 1946.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/164097/file/298754#t=10809.0,10831.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/164097/file/298754/transcript/87794/annotation/267","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eGhitis:\u003c/strong\u003e You mentioned that you had a store. What was the name of the store?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/164097/file/298754#t=10831.0,10836.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/164097/file/298754/transcript/87794/annotation/268","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eGlass:\u003c/strong\u003e Lakeside Liquors.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/164097/file/298754#t=10836.0,10839.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/164097/file/298754/transcript/87794/annotation/269","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eGhitis:\u003c/strong\u003e And you are in business today? What is your business?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/164097/file/298754#t=10839.0,10844.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/164097/file/298754/transcript/87794/annotation/270","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eGlass:\u003c/strong\u003e Well, we have property. We are like property managers, yes.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/164097/file/298754#t=10844.0,10849.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/164097/file/298754/transcript/87794/annotation/271","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eGhitis:\u003c/strong\u003e Would you say you have succeeded as a businessman?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/164097/file/298754#t=10849.0,10854.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/164097/file/298754/transcript/87794/annotation/272","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eGlass:\u003c/strong\u003e I think so, yes.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/164097/file/298754#t=10854.0,10857.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/164097/file/298754/transcript/87794/annotation/273","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eGhitis:\u003c/strong\u003e Have you ever received compensation?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/164097/file/298754#t=10857.0,10862.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/164097/file/298754/transcript/87794/annotation/274","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eGlass:\u003c/strong\u003e I get the monthly compensation, which is about four or five, between four and five hundred dollars. It depends on the Euro. That's so far. That's all I get.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/164097/file/298754#t=10862.0,10878.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/164097/file/298754/transcript/87794/annotation/275","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eGhitis:\u003c/strong\u003e You got married, you had children. How many children do you have?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/164097/file/298754#t=10878.0,10883.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/164097/file/298754/transcript/87794/annotation/276","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eGlass:\u003c/strong\u003e Two.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/164097/file/298754#t=10883.0,10884.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/164097/file/298754/transcript/87794/annotation/277","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eGhitis:\u003c/strong\u003e What are their names?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/164097/file/298754#t=10884.0,10887.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/164097/file/298754/transcript/87794/annotation/278","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eGlass:\u003c/strong\u003e Zepporah and David.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/164097/file/298754#t=10887.0,10890.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/164097/file/298754/transcript/87794/annotation/279","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eGhitis:\u003c/strong\u003e And what do they do?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/164097/file/298754#t=10890.0,10892.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/164097/file/298754/transcript/87794/annotation/280","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eGlass:\u003c/strong\u003e Zepporah is like now in partnership with more or less with me. She works with me. David has a laundromat, one of those self-washing. I was the one who … Well, I had to sell it to him more or less, for less money, because this way you save taxes and stuff like that.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/164097/file/298754#t=10892.0,10924.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/164097/file/298754/transcript/87794/annotation/281","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eGhitis:\u003c/strong\u003e Do you belong to any survivor organizations?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/164097/file/298754#t=10924.0,10927.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/164097/file/298754/transcript/87794/annotation/282","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eGlass:\u003c/strong\u003e There used to be here a survivor organization, but most of them became old or died out and things like that, but I did belong.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/164097/file/298754#t=10927.0,10942.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/164097/file/298754/transcript/87794/annotation/283","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eGhitis:\u003c/strong\u003e You are a religious man.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/164097/file/298754#t=10942.0,10944.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/164097/file/298754/transcript/87794/annotation/284","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eGlass:\u003c/strong\u003e I would say yes, more or less.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/164097/file/298754#t=10944.0,10950.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/164097/file/298754/transcript/87794/annotation/285","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eGhitis:\u003c/strong\u003e Has your experience during the Holocaust had an impact on your faith?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/164097/file/298754#t=10950.0,10958.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/164097/file/298754/transcript/87794/annotation/286","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eGlass:\u003c/strong\u003e It did. In what way?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/164097/file/298754#t=10958.0,10962.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/164097/file/298754/transcript/87794/annotation/287","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eGhitis:\u003c/strong\u003e In what way?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/164097/file/298754#t=10962.0,10962.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/164097/file/298754/transcript/87794/annotation/288","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eGlass:\u003c/strong\u003e In what way? Yes, I was because at home I was. I come from a religious home and from generations back, religious, there was rabbis and all kind of things. And all of a sudden, you know, I had to eat treif [non-kosher] and didn't have any tefillin, didn't have anything, nothing, nothing in religious things and that's what I missed. When I came out from the camp, it was already … I wasn't used to that. I didn't have any tefillin. I didn't have a tallis. But finally, after a couple months, I got some tefillin from … They brought, I think, from England. And I started to daven and so on.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/164097/file/298754#t=10962.0,11014.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/164097/file/298754/transcript/87794/annotation/289","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eGhitis:\u003c/strong\u003e But what do you tell those who say if there is a G-d, how could something like the Holocaust happen?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/164097/file/298754#t=11014.0,11024.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/164097/file/298754/transcript/87794/annotation/290","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eGlass:\u003c/strong\u003e It's very hard to answer that question. There is … Yes, I heard from a lot of people, and I know a lot people who were Orthodox at home, and they changed after the Holocaust, and they don't believe in anything. That's because of that question you asked me. But I am a little different. I'm not as religious as my parents or grandparents. But we keep Shabbos, we keep Yontif. I go to every Shabbos to the shul. Even during the week, I go, because I cannot go every day because I have to go to the office early sometimes. So, I go two or three times a week to the shul.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/164097/file/298754#t=11024.0,11066.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/164097/file/298754/transcript/87794/annotation/291","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eGhitis:\u003c/strong\u003e So, what is your answer to that question?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/164097/file/298754#t=11066.0,11071.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/164097/file/298754/transcript/87794/annotation/292","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eGlass:\u003c/strong\u003e That's what it is. Yes, I am like, I would say 80 percent religious.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/164097/file/298754#t=11071.0,11078.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/164097/file/298754/transcript/87794/annotation/293","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eGhitis:\u003c/strong\u003e Do you still believe in G-d?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/164097/file/298754#t=11078.0,11083.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/164097/file/298754/transcript/87794/annotation/294","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eGlass:\u003c/strong\u003e Well, I do. Let's say it this way: I do believe, because I prayed to him. I go to the shul and pray to him, so I have to believe.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/164097/file/298754#t=11083.0,11093.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/164097/file/298754/transcript/87794/annotation/295","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eGhitis:\u003c/strong\u003e Do you ever wonder why you survived?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/164097/file/298754#t=11093.0,11100.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/164097/file/298754/transcript/87794/annotation/296","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eGlass:\u003c/strong\u003e It was a miracle. I don't know why I survived and others didn't. I have no idea, but maybe G-d wanted me.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/164097/file/298754#t=11100.0,11116.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/164097/file/298754/transcript/87794/annotation/297","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eGhitis:\u003c/strong\u003e Tape three, interview with Mr. Charles Glass. We were talking about your survival. You were saying it was a miracle that you survived.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/164097/file/298754#t=11116.0,11133.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/164097/file/298754/transcript/87794/annotation/298","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eGlass:\u003c/strong\u003e That's right.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/164097/file/298754#t=11133.0,11135.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/164097/file/298754/transcript/87794/annotation/299","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eGhitis:\u003c/strong\u003e In what way?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/164097/file/298754#t=11135.0,11137.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/164097/file/298754/transcript/87794/annotation/300","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eGlass:\u003c/strong\u003e Because so many tens of thousands died and they, a lot of them, were stronger than me. They were more … you know, and they died and so on. I was young and everything. If I survived … And I didn't have, I didn't get any more than someone else to eat or something like that and somehow, I survived. Maybe because I was always saying to myself, \"I have to survive.\" Maybe G-d helped me because of that.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/164097/file/298754#t=11137.0,11181.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/164097/file/298754/transcript/87794/annotation/301","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eGhitis:\u003c/strong\u003e What would you tell someone who asked you, \"Why didn't you fight back?\"","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/164097/file/298754#t=11181.0,11192.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/164097/file/298754/transcript/87794/annotation/302","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eGlass:\u003c/strong\u003e We did not have nothing to fight back with, only the bare hand. Nothing. We didn't have … I never seen arms, or a revolver, or a thing until I saw it on the Nazis. So, how could I fight?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/164097/file/298754#t=11192.0,11219.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/164097/file/298754/transcript/87794/annotation/303","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eGhitis:\u003c/strong\u003e How has the experience of the war influenced your life?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/164097/file/298754#t=11219.0,11229.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/164097/file/298754/transcript/87794/annotation/304","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eGlass:\u003c/strong\u003e It's very hard to answer, but the experience of the war, on one hand, I'm glad that I came here after the war and have a different type, a good type of life. On the other hand, I came without relatives, without anything, started from new, started from the bottom, from the floor without money, without clothes, without anything. But it took a little time, and we succeeded. We worked hard. I worked very hard in the business, and we succeeded.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/164097/file/298754#t=11229.0,11277.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/164097/file/298754/transcript/87794/annotation/305","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eGhitis:\u003c/strong\u003e Where do you get your strength?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/164097/file/298754#t=11277.0,11281.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/164097/file/298754/transcript/87794/annotation/306","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eGlass:\u003c/strong\u003e I don't know. See, I'm a person who doesn't get mad. I have only friends. I don't have any enemies whatsoever and this helps. You know, I treat my workers good. I treat them better than anyone else. You know, l lend them money. I know they don't have any money. They need to go to a doctor and so on, they don't have any money. So, I lend them money, but they pay back and without any interest. I don't ask them for any interest. But I'm just sorry because I always remind myself when I was in that situation.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/164097/file/298754#t=11281.0,11324.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/164097/file/298754/transcript/87794/annotation/307","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eGhitis:\u003c/strong\u003e When you think about the way you lived, your grandparents lived, and you compare it to now, what goes through your mind?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/164097/file/298754#t=11324.0,11341.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/164097/file/298754/transcript/87794/annotation/308","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eGlass:\u003c/strong\u003e Well, maybe G-d wanted me to live like that. At home, we didn't have anything, yes. I mean, you know, when it was cold, what it took to bring water up from down in the yard, we had like a pump. What do you call that? I don't know what they call it here.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/164097/file/298754#t=11341.0,11365.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/164097/file/298754/transcript/87794/annotation/309","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eGhitis:\u003c/strong\u003e A well?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/164097/file/298754#t=11365.0,11367.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/164097/file/298754/transcript/87794/annotation/310","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eGlass:\u003c/strong\u003e A well, yes, and bring coal in from the basement and all kinds, and it was when it was freezing. You know, in Poland was very cold, was freezing. We had to go … If we had go to the bathroom at night, we had to go outside on the balcony, and it was cold, and so on. But maybe, luckily, I didn't use at night. When you're young, you don't need to go, so that's …","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/164097/file/298754#t=11367.0,11398.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/164097/file/298754/transcript/87794/annotation/311","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eGhitis:\u003c/strong\u003e I forgot to ask you about your grandchildren. How many grandchildren do you have?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/164097/file/298754#t=11398.0,11403.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/164097/file/298754/transcript/87794/annotation/312","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eGlass:\u003c/strong\u003e We have four grandchildren, two from David and two from Zepporah.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/164097/file/298754#t=11403.0,11411.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/164097/file/298754/transcript/87794/annotation/313","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eGhitis:\u003c/strong\u003e What would you tell them?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/164097/file/298754#t=11411.0,11414.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/164097/file/298754/transcript/87794/annotation/314","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eGlass:\u003c/strong\u003e I always tell them. They know and I tell them. They know what we went through. Maybe they don't know everything, but they know.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/164097/file/298754#t=11414.0,11425.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/164097/file/298754/transcript/87794/annotation/315","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eGhitis:\u003c/strong\u003e Why do you think it is important for them to know?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/164097/file/298754#t=11425.0,11428.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/164097/file/298754/transcript/87794/annotation/316","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eGlass:\u003c/strong\u003e It's very important. I want the generations after generations. Look, today we still remind ourselves from Tisha B'Av, which was Sunday. Tisha B'Av was they destroyed the temple, both temples they destroyed in Tisha B'Av. We still remember that. We say all kinds of kinnot [Hebrew: elegies] they call it in Hebrew, and Eicha [the Book of Lamentations], which is read on Tisha B'Av. So, you know, you can't forget things like that. Also, look at the [unintelligible] from Spain. The Inquisition?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/164097/file/298754#t=11428.0,11468.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/164097/file/298754/transcript/87794/annotation/317","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eGhitis:\u003c/strong\u003e The Inquisition?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/164097/file/298754#t=11468.0,11468.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/164097/file/298754/transcript/87794/annotation/318","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eGlass:\u003c/strong\u003e The Inquisition? The Inquisition and all this here. There's books about it and people know. I knew that already when I was a kid and all these kind of things.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/164097/file/298754#t=11468.0,11482.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/164097/file/298754/transcript/87794/annotation/319","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eGhitis:\u003c/strong\u003e How do you feel toward the Germans now, today?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/164097/file/298754#t=11482.0,11487.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/164097/file/298754/transcript/87794/annotation/320","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eGlass:\u003c/strong\u003e Well, I tell you, I don't have nothing to the younger generation because it's not their fault. They were not in this world. But I feel very … If I see somebody who is like my age and more, which I don't really see often, then this would bother me.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/164097/file/298754#t=11487.0,11517.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/164097/file/298754/transcript/87794/annotation/321","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eGhitis:\u003c/strong\u003e I understand that at the time of Bergen-Belsen, there was someone who took very good care of you.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/164097/file/298754#t=11517.0,11530.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/164097/file/298754/transcript/87794/annotation/322","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eGlass:\u003c/strong\u003e In Bergen-Belsen? You mean after the liberation? Yes.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/164097/file/298754#t=11530.0,11536.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/164097/file/298754/transcript/87794/annotation/323","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eGhitis:\u003c/strong\u003e Yes.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/164097/file/298754#t=11536.0,11536.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/164097/file/298754/transcript/87794/annotation/324","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eGlass:\u003c/strong\u003e Yes. No, nobody except when I got married. I had my wife. I had Annie, but before, I didn't have anyone to take care of me. The only thing, which I mentioned before, those six weeks or so, which I was in the hospital right after the liberation. There were some people. They went around and took care. I don't know if they were doctors or not, but anyway, it was a little help.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/164097/file/298754#t=11536.0,11564.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/164097/file/298754/transcript/87794/annotation/325","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eGhitis:\u003c/strong\u003e Have you been back to your hometown?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/164097/file/298754#t=11564.0,11566.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/164097/file/298754/transcript/87794/annotation/326","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eGlass:\u003c/strong\u003e Yes, we went three or four times, and it was in the last 15 years. I took two or three times Zepporah with me. I wanted her to see. She was very … From that time, she started to get with the Holocaust thing because she saw that I was … You know, we went into the apartment. The first time, we couldn't go in. Nobody was there. Second time, we knocked and a lady was in our apartment. She was … I guess we woke her up from sleep because she was kind of sleepy, but she let us in. I gave her some money after we left and I showed Zepporah. She was so impressed. I showed Zepporah, \"Here I slept, and here my sister slept, and here was this, and here was this, and here …\" She had already a toilet there. It seems like it was, but before we had to go out on the balcony and there were … And then I showed … Yes, we went also to the cemetery, and I showed the grave of my grandfather, my father's father, who died in 1929, or 1930, something like that. And I showed her also the grave of my great-great-great grandfather, the one who—Schlomo Bochner—I mentioned before. He was the first Rabbi of Chrzanow and he was … And not only there's a grave. They built, as they call it, an Ohel [Hebrew: tent; a monument] above his grave. He and his wife are there in the grave. And every, on Lag BaOmer … You know what Lag BaOmer is? Every Lag BaOmer, hundreds of people came out to pray because that was the day when he passed away. It's probably now, I would say, 200 years. People came there. It was a lot of people came to pray on Lag BaOmer.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/164097/file/298754#t=11566.0,11713.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/164097/file/298754/transcript/87794/annotation/327","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eGhitis:\u003c/strong\u003e Is there anything else you would like to add?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/164097/file/298754#t=11713.0,11718.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/164097/file/298754/transcript/87794/annotation/328","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eGlass:\u003c/strong\u003e Well, I just would like to add that when we went to Poland a few times—three or four times, I don't remember—I couldn't look the Poles in their eyes because they were antisemites. They just, \"Oh, you're still alive,\" or something like this, all kind of these things. I tried to omit to talk to them or anything like that. It reminds me. We were talking about the cemetery. When we went the last time there—I think it was like 1998 or 1997—we couldn't find the grave. We looked at the stones, and we just couldn't find it. So, we spent maybe two … It's not a big cemetery, and we spent two hours to look and we knew more or less where it was. So, Zepporah says … We were ready to go already, because we had some other things to do. Zepporah says, \"No,\" she wants to find it, to wait for her. And she did find it. What happened [was] that the stone fell. It's true. You couldn't see it. She looked underneath. The stone fell like that. She looked underneath and she saw the name Chaim [Unintelligible]. She came, and she called us, and said, \"Come here. I found it.\" So, what we did is the next day, we went to the big city, to Krakow, and we found somebody who can put it up there, and cement it, and so on. That's where we paid him some money and he did it. He put it up. But who is going out there? Nobody. Before, the people lived and so on. People are too old, too weak, too sick, and nobody goes there.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/164097/file/298754#t=11718.0,11848.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/164097/file/298754/transcript/87794/annotation/329","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eGhitis:\u003c/strong\u003e We are going through some complicated times in this world. Any reflections on the future?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/164097/file/298754#t=11848.0,11861.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/164097/file/298754/transcript/87794/annotation/330","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eGlass:\u003c/strong\u003e What can I say? I am already in the early 80s. I don't know how long I have to be here in this world, but I would really like my children and my grandchildren to be like I am at least. I don't ask them to be Orthodox or something like that. Just be Jewish and not to marry out of their faith.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/164097/file/298754#t=11861.0,11894.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/164097/file/298754/transcript/87794/annotation/331","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eGhitis:\u003c/strong\u003e Thank you very much. Thank you.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/164097/file/298754#t=11894.0,11898.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/164097/file/298754/transcript/87794/annotation/332","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eGlass:\u003c/strong\u003e Thank you, too.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/164097/file/298754#t=11898.0,11902.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/164097/file/298754/transcript/87794/annotation/333","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eGhitis:\u003c/strong\u003e We are looking at photo number one. Who is this person?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/164097/file/298754#t=11902.0,11908.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/164097/file/298754/transcript/87794/annotation/334","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eGlass:\u003c/strong\u003e This is my great-grandfather, my father's grandfather.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/164097/file/298754#t=11908.0,11916.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/164097/file/298754/transcript/87794/annotation/335","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eGhitis:\u003c/strong\u003e Your father's …","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/164097/file/298754#t=11916.0,11918.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/164097/file/298754/transcript/87794/annotation/336","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eGlass:\u003c/strong\u003e Grandfather.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/164097/file/298754#t=11918.0,11919.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/164097/file/298754/transcript/87794/annotation/337","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eGhitis:\u003c/strong\u003e Father or … Oh, grandfather. Grandfather.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/164097/file/298754#t=11919.0,11921.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/164097/file/298754/transcript/87794/annotation/338","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eGlass:\u003c/strong\u003e Grandfather.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/164097/file/298754#t=11921.0,11921.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/164097/file/298754/transcript/87794/annotation/339","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eGhitis:\u003c/strong\u003e Grandfather. And what was his name?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/164097/file/298754#t=11921.0,11924.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/164097/file/298754/transcript/87794/annotation/340","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eGlass:\u003c/strong\u003e His name is Berich Glass.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/164097/file/298754#t=11924.0,11931.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/164097/file/298754/transcript/87794/annotation/341","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eGhitis:\u003c/strong\u003e And he is from where?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/164097/file/298754#t=11931.0,11934.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/164097/file/298754/transcript/87794/annotation/342","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eGlass:\u003c/strong\u003e He lived in Chrzanow.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/164097/file/298754#t=11934.0,11938.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/164097/file/298754/transcript/87794/annotation/343","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eGhitis:\u003c/strong\u003e Photo number two. Who is this?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/164097/file/298754#t=11938.0,11941.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/164097/file/298754/transcript/87794/annotation/344","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eGlass:\u003c/strong\u003e This is my father, David Glass.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/164097/file/298754#t=11941.0,11955.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/164097/file/298754/transcript/87794/annotation/345","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eGhitis:\u003c/strong\u003e Photo number three.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/164097/file/298754#t=11955.0,11957.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/164097/file/298754/transcript/87794/annotation/346","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eGlass:\u003c/strong\u003e That's my youngest sister, Leah.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/164097/file/298754#t=11957.0,11963.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/164097/file/298754/transcript/87794/annotation/347","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eGhitis:\u003c/strong\u003e What happened to her?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/164097/file/298754#t=11963.0,11965.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/164097/file/298754/transcript/87794/annotation/348","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eGlass:\u003c/strong\u003e She was killed. She was taken to Auschwitz-Birkenau by the Nazis.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/164097/file/298754#t=11965.0,11973.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/164097/file/298754/transcript/87794/annotation/349","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eGhitis:\u003c/strong\u003e Photo number four.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/164097/file/298754#t=11973.0,11974.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/164097/file/298754/transcript/87794/annotation/350","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eGlass:\u003c/strong\u003e That's me, Charles Glass, a year maybe after the liberation.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/164097/file/298754#t=11974.0,11980.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/164097/file/298754/transcript/87794/annotation/351","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eGhitis:\u003c/strong\u003e How old are you?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/164097/file/298754#t=11980.0,11982.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/164097/file/298754/transcript/87794/annotation/352","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eGlass:\u003c/strong\u003e At that time, let's see, 23.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/164097/file/298754#t=11982.0,11996.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/164097/file/298754/transcript/87794/annotation/353","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eGhitis:\u003c/strong\u003e Photo number five.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/164097/file/298754#t=11996.0,12000.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/164097/file/298754/transcript/87794/annotation/354","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eGlass:\u003c/strong\u003e His name is …","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/164097/file/298754#t=12000.0,12002.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/164097/file/298754/transcript/87794/annotation/355","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eGhitis:\u003c/strong\u003e Three men. Where are you?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/164097/file/298754#t=12002.0,12006.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/164097/file/298754/transcript/87794/annotation/356","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eGlass:\u003c/strong\u003e I am here. That's me in the light …","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/164097/file/298754#t=12006.0,12011.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/164097/file/298754/transcript/87794/annotation/357","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eGhitis:\u003c/strong\u003e The first one on the right?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/164097/file/298754#t=12011.0,12015.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/164097/file/298754/transcript/87794/annotation/358","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eGlass:\u003c/strong\u003e The first one on the right, yes. Let me see. This is … I cannot remember who he is, but here, this one I know.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/164097/file/298754#t=12015.0,12022.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/164097/file/298754/transcript/87794/annotation/359","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eGhitis:\u003c/strong\u003e On the left?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/164097/file/298754#t=12022.0,12023.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/164097/file/298754/transcript/87794/annotation/360","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eGlass:\u003c/strong\u003e Yes, because he married my mother's cousin. Yes, his name is Abraham Bleeman. He lives in Toronto.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/164097/file/298754#t=12023.0,12030.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/164097/file/298754/transcript/87794/annotation/361","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eGhitis:\u003c/strong\u003e And where are you here?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/164097/file/298754#t=12030.0,12032.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/164097/file/298754/transcript/87794/annotation/362","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eGlass:\u003c/strong\u003e I'm on the right side.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/164097/file/298754#t=12032.0,12034.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/164097/file/298754/transcript/87794/annotation/363","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eGhitis:\u003c/strong\u003e But the locality?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/164097/file/298754#t=12034.0,12036.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/164097/file/298754/transcript/87794/annotation/364","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eGlass:\u003c/strong\u003e Oh, in Bergen-Belsen after the war.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/164097/file/298754#t=12036.0,12048.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/164097/file/298754/transcript/87794/annotation/365","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eGhitis:\u003c/strong\u003e Photo number six.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/164097/file/298754#t=12048.0,12053.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/164097/file/298754/transcript/87794/annotation/366","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eGlass:\u003c/strong\u003e This is at our wedding in Bergen-Belsen after the war. I am the third one from the right.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/164097/file/298754#t=12053.0,12070.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/164097/file/298754/transcript/87794/annotation/367","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eGhitis:\u003c/strong\u003e Photo number seven.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/164097/file/298754#t=12070.0,12073.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/164097/file/298754/transcript/87794/annotation/368","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eGlass:\u003c/strong\u003e That's me, Charles Glass, and my sister, Hesa.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/164097/file/298754#t=12073.0,12087.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/164097/file/298754/transcript/87794/annotation/369","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eGhitis:\u003c/strong\u003e Photo number eight.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/164097/file/298754#t=12087.0,12090.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/164097/file/298754/transcript/87794/annotation/370","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eGlass:\u003c/strong\u003e That's me, my wife, Annie, and my daughter, Zepporah, and my son, David.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/164097/file/298754#t=12090.0,12099.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/164097/file/298754/transcript/87794/annotation/371","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eGhitis:\u003c/strong\u003e Where was this photo taken?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/164097/file/298754#t=12099.0,12102.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/164097/file/298754/transcript/87794/annotation/372","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eGlass:\u003c/strong\u003e This was taken in Bergen-Belsen. No, in Stockton probably.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/164097/file/298754#t=12102.0,12110.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/164097/file/298754/transcript/87794/annotation/373","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eGhitis:\u003c/strong\u003e In Stockton, California?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/164097/file/298754#t=12110.0,12115.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/164097/file/298754/transcript/87794/annotation/374","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eGlass:\u003c/strong\u003e California, yes, because he was not born there, in Bergen-Belsen.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/164097/file/298754#t=12115.0,12117.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/164097/file/298754/transcript/87794/annotation/375","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eGhitis:\u003c/strong\u003e Photo number nine.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/164097/file/298754#t=12117.0,12119.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/164097/file/298754/transcript/87794/annotation/376","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eGlass:\u003c/strong\u003e This is me and my wife, Annie, and that was in the 1960s.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/164097/file/298754#t=12119.0,12127.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/164097/file/298754/transcript/87794/annotation/377","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eGhitis:\u003c/strong\u003e And where are you?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/164097/file/298754#t=12127.0,12129.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/164097/file/298754/transcript/87794/annotation/378","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eGlass:\u003c/strong\u003e In the shul.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/164097/file/298754#t=12129.0,12131.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/164097/file/298754/transcript/87794/annotation/379","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eGhitis:\u003c/strong\u003e The synagogue.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/164097/file/298754#t=12131.0,12132.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/164097/file/298754/transcript/87794/annotation/380","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eGlass:\u003c/strong\u003e In the synagogue, yes.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/164097/file/298754#t=12132.0,12133.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/164097/file/298754/transcript/87794/annotation/381","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eGhitis:\u003c/strong\u003e And you are receiving an award?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/164097/file/298754#t=12133.0,12135.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/164097/file/298754/transcript/87794/annotation/382","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eGlass:\u003c/strong\u003e An award. Do you know …","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/164097/file/298754#t=12135.0,12136.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/164097/file/298754/transcript/87794/annotation/383","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eGhitis:\u003c/strong\u003e Do you know …","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/164097/file/298754#t=12136.0,12136.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/164097/file/298754/transcript/87794/annotation/384","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eGlass:\u003c/strong\u003e Do you know … That's [David] Ben-Gurion.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/164097/file/298754#t=12136.0,12139.5"}]}]}]}