{"@context":"http://iiif.io/api/presentation/3/context.json","id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/iiif/251fj2b69b/manifest","type":"Manifest","label":{"en":["Cohn, Gail (2011)"]},"logo":"https://d9jk7wjtjpu5g.cloudfront.net/organizations/logo_images/000/000/082/original/TheBreman_SecondaryMark_Horizontal_Blue_Black.png?1713640889","metadata":[{"label":{"en":["Date"]},"value":{"en":["2011-03-31 (captured)"]}},{"label":{"en":["Agent"]},"value":{"en":["Cohn, Gail (Interviewee)","Berman, Sandra (Interviewer)"]}},{"label":{"en":["Format"]},"value":{"en":["Video"]}},{"label":{"en":["Source"]},"value":{"en":["William Breman Jewish Heritage Museum","Esther and Herbert Taylor Oral History Collection","Jewish Oral History Project of Atlanta"]}},{"label":{"en":["Publisher"]},"value":{"en":["William Breman Jewish Heritage Museum"]}},{"label":{"en":["Description"]},"value":{"en":["\u003cp\u003eGail Cohn was interviewed by Sandra Berman on March 31, 2011.\u003c/p\u003e (general)","\u003cp\u003eGail Cohn was born in Augusta, Georgia, on August 9, 1943, to Aaron Cohn and Janet Ann Lilienthal Cohn. She earned her Bachelor of Science degree in Education from the University of Georgia in 1965 and her Master of Science in Human Resource Management from National Louis University in 1995. Like her father, Gail was very involved in the civil rights movement and worked to desegregate high schools in Columbus, Georgia. She went on to work in a variety of roles, including a corporate trainer for Blue Cross Clue Shield of Georgia, teaching workshops at DeKalb Technical Institute, Chattahoochee Valley Community College and Columbus State University. Gail also worked with the Jewish Federation of Greater Atlanta, the Anti-Defamation League, and she was involved with JFGA’s Young Leadership Council. Gail is currently the President of her company LeaderShape Consultants.\u003c/p\u003e (bioghist)","\u003cp\u003eIn her interview, Gail discusses her family history, growing up in Columbus, her family’s store Kayser-Lilienthal, and her father’s involvement in the civil rights movement. She shares about being dual congregation members in Columbus, Georgia, and her experience with Temple Israel in Columbus. Gail talks about what is was like growing up in Columbus and her experiences with segregation and the city’s eventual integration. She also shares her experiences with being excluded from certain organizations because of her religion. Gail goes on to discuss her professional life and the different jobs she has had over the years. Gail shares her thoughts on the future of the Jewish community in Columbus and discusses why she decided to move to Atlanta, Georgia. \u003c/p\u003e (scope content)"]}},{"label":{"en":["Source Metadata URI"]},"value":{"en":["https://archivesspace.thebreman.org/repositories/2/archival_objects/28864"]}},{"label":{"en":["Rights Statement"]},"value":{"en":["\u003cp\u003eAll rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, recorded by any information storage and retrieval system, without the express written consent of the William Breman Jewish Heritage Museum.\u003c/p\u003e"]}},{"label":{"en":["Subject"]},"value":{"en":["Cohn, Gail (b. 1943) (personal name)","Cohn, Judge Aaron (1916-2012) (personal name)","Cohn, Janet Ann Lilienthal (1921-2011) (personal name)","Goodman, Rabbi Alfred (personal name)","Sarnat, David I. (b. 1942) (personal name)","Jewish Federation of Greater Atlanta (JFGA) (corporate name)","Young Leadership Council (YLC) (corporate name)","Aleph Zadik Aleph (AZA) (corporate name)","B'nai B'rith Girls (BBG) (corporate name)","Temple Israel (corporate name)","Brownie Girl Scouts (corporate name)","Girl Scouts of America (corporate name)","Anti-Defamation League (ADL) (corporate name)","National Association for the Advancement of Colored People (NAACP) (corporate name)","The Junior League (corporate name)","The Standard Club (corporate name)","The Harmony Club (corporate name)","United Synagogue Youth (USY) (corporate name)","Kayser-Lilienthal (corporate name)","Kirven's (corporate name)","Rich's (corporate name)","Columbus Country Club (corporate name)","Columbus, Georgia (geographic term)","Atlanta, Georgia (geographic term)","Selma, Alabama (geographic term)","Fort Gordon (geographic term)","Fort Benning (geographic term)","Fort Leavenworth (geographic term)","Civil Rights Movement (topical term)","Segregation (topical term)","Integration (topical term)","Domestic Help (topical term)","Intermarriage (topical term)","Reform Judaism (topical term)","Conservative Judasim (topical term)","Bar Mitzvah (topical term)","Anti-Semitism (topical term)","Ku Klux Klan (KKK) (topical term)","Brown v. The Board of Education of Topeka (topical term)","Columbus Jewish Community (topical term)"]}}],"summary":{"en":["\u003cp\u003eGail Cohn was interviewed by Sandra Berman on March 31, 2011.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eGail Cohn was born in Augusta, Georgia, on August 9, 1943, to Aaron Cohn and Janet Ann Lilienthal Cohn. She earned her Bachelor of Science degree in Education from the University of Georgia in 1965 and her Master of Science in Human Resource Management from National Louis University in 1995. Like her father, Gail was very involved in the civil rights movement and worked to desegregate high schools in Columbus, Georgia. She went on to work in a variety of roles, including a corporate trainer for Blue Cross Clue Shield of Georgia, teaching workshops at DeKalb Technical Institute, Chattahoochee Valley Community College and Columbus State University. Gail also worked with the Jewish Federation of Greater Atlanta, the Anti-Defamation League, and she was involved with JFGA\u0026rsquo;s Young Leadership Council. Gail is currently the President of her company LeaderShape Consultants.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIn her interview, Gail discusses her family history, growing up in Columbus, her family\u0026rsquo;s store Kayser-Lilienthal, and her father\u0026rsquo;s involvement in the civil rights movement. She shares about being dual congregation members in Columbus, Georgia, and her experience with Temple Israel in Columbus. Gail talks about what is was like growing up in Columbus and her experiences with segregation and the city\u0026rsquo;s eventual integration. She also shares her experiences with being excluded from certain organizations because of her religion. Gail goes on to discuss her professional life and the different jobs she has had over the years. Gail shares her thoughts on the future of the Jewish community in Columbus and discusses why she decided to move to Atlanta, Georgia.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e"]},"requiredStatement":{"label":{"en":["Attribution"]},"value":{"en":["\u003cp\u003eAll rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, recorded by any information storage and retrieval system, without the express written consent of the William Breman Jewish Heritage Museum.\u003c/p\u003e"]}},"provider":[{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/aboutus","type":"Agent","label":{"en":["William Breman Jewish Heritage Museum"]},"homepage":[{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/","type":"Text","label":{"en":["William Breman Jewish Heritage Museum"]},"format":"text/html"}],"logo":[{"id":"https://d9jk7wjtjpu5g.cloudfront.net/organizations/logo_images/000/000/082/original/TheBreman_SecondaryMark_Horizontal_Blue_Black.png?1713640889","type":"Image"}]}],"thumbnail":[{"id":"https://d9jk7wjtjpu5g.cloudfront.net/collection_resource_files/thumbnails/000/160/611/small/Cohn_Gail.m4v_1653937753.jpg?1653937754","type":"Image","format":"image/jpeg"}],"items":[{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/74696/file/160611","type":"Canvas","label":{"en":["Media File 1 of 1 - Cohn_Gail.m4v"]},"duration":4103.733,"width":640,"height":360,"thumbnail":[{"id":"https://d9jk7wjtjpu5g.cloudfront.net/collection_resource_files/thumbnails/000/160/611/small/Cohn_Gail.m4v_1653937753.jpg?1653937754","type":"Image","format":"image/jpeg"}],"items":[{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/74696/file/160611/content/1","type":"AnnotationPage","items":[{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/74696/file/160611/content/1/annotation/1","type":"Annotation","motivation":"painting","body":{"id":"https://aviary-p-thebreman.s3.wasabisys.com/collection_resource_files/resource_files/000/160/611/original/Cohn_Gail.m4v?1653937750","type":"Video","format":"video/mp4","duration":4103.733,"width":640,"height":360},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/74696/file/160611","metadata":[]}]}],"annotations":[{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/74696/file/160611/transcript/38287","type":"AnnotationPage","label":{"en":["Cohn, Gail [Transcript]"]},"items":[{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/74696/file/160611/transcript/38287/annotation/1","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"BERMAN: On March 31st, 2011. I am with Gail Cohn, who has agreed to\nparticipate in the Esther Herbert Taylor Oral History Project of the William\nBreman Jewish Heritage Museum. My name is Sandra Berman. I am so pleased that we\nare getting together and doing this interview today. I want to begin by asking\nyou a couple of background questions. When you were born, where you were born\nand your parents' names.\n\nCOHN: I was born August 9th, ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/74696/file/160611#t=0.0,30.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/74696/file/160611/transcript/38287/annotation/2","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"1943, Augusta, Georgia. My parents' names are Aaron\nCohn, C-O-H-N, no E, and Janet Ann Lilienthal Cohn. The reason I was born in\nAugusta, Georgia, was because it was the Second World War and my father had enlisted.\n\nBERMAN: So, was he stationed there?\n\nCOHN: He was stationed at Fort Gordon. My mother and father lived in a garage\napartment of Dr. Robert Greenblatt. When my ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/74696/file/160611#t=30.0,60.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/74696/file/160611/transcript/38287/annotation/3","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"father was called to General Command\nSchool at Fort Leavenworth before he was shipped out, that was when we moved\nfrom Augusta back to my parents' hometown of Columbus, Georgia, and that's where\nI grew up.\n\nBERMAN: So, if we could backtrack even further, I know that Columbus was not\nyour mother's hometown, that she was from Alabama.\n\nCOHN: Selma.\n\nBERMAN: So, if we could go back to her family a little bit and some of those\nroots and how she ended up meeting your dad.\n\nCOHN: Well, my ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/74696/file/160611#t=60.0,90.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/74696/file/160611/transcript/38287/annotation/4","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"mother was born September 2nd, 1921, in Selma, Alabama. But they\nmoved to Columbus when she was two years old. So, by 1924, she was already in\nColumbus. So that's where she grew up. Now, her father and his father before\nhim, they were all born and raised in Selma, Alabama. But there was a business\nopportunity to be had in Columbus. And I think for my grandmother, who was more\nsophisticated out of Baltimore, Maryland, ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/74696/file/160611#t=90.0,120.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/74696/file/160611/transcript/38287/annotation/5","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"her name was Ruth Gump, G-U-M-P, and\nSelma was all of the family and her mother-in-law and all of my grandfather's\nbrothers and sisters. She needed some elbow room. So, there was a family in\nSelma called the Kaysers, K-A-Y-S-E-R, and Kayser-Lilienthal became the\ndepartment stores that really catered to the carriage trade. They carried all of\nthe designer clothes that we talk about today that ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/74696/file/160611#t=120.0,150.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/74696/file/160611/transcript/38287/annotation/6","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"have the specialty stores.\nSo, my grandparents moved with my mother at the age of two from Selma, Alabama.\nBut I spent many, many summers in Selma, Alabama.\n\nBERMAN: When did the family get to Selma?\n\nCOHN: You know, the family, best of my recollection, got to Selma into the early\n1800s, because when you drove over the Edmund Pettus Bridge, there was a sign\nthat ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/74696/file/160611#t=150.0,180.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/74696/file/160611/transcript/38287/annotation/7","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"said Lilienthal's, and it was a men's department store. It said, \"We\nclothed your grandfather's. Why not you? 1828.\" So, I know for sure that the\nstore was opened by 1828 in Selma.\n\nBERMAN: That is just amazing. Do you know where they came from?\n\nCOHN: Charleston, South Carolina. If you look at Stephen Birmingham's \"Our\nCrowd,\" you'll see that the Lilianthal's emanated from Charleston. And actually,\nthey were one of the original ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/74696/file/160611#t=180.0,210.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/74696/file/160611/transcript/38287/annotation/8","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"members of the reform congregation in Charleston,\nSouth Carolina.\n\nBERMAN: Were they German?\n\nCOHN: They were German Jews.\n\nBERMAN: Do you know where they came from in Germany?\n\nCOHN: You know, I don't. I remember that my grandmother's family, this is not\nthe South, but it's below the Mason-Dixon line because it's Baltimore, Maryland,\nbut my grandmother, Ruth Hamburger Gump, they came from Alsace-Lorraine in the\nrevolutions of 1848. I know that they were German Jews as well. What I recollect\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/74696/file/160611#t=210.0,240.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/74696/file/160611/transcript/38287/annotation/9","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"about my grandfather's family is that. When they came to Selma and they came\nfrom Charleston, that they probably emanated from that western part of Europe,\nmaybe it is somewhere in that same area. The only reason why I say that is\nbecause we have family with the name of Threefoot and they were originally\nDreyfus. And because of the Dreyfus case in France and the anti-Semitism that\nwas related to that, they changed it from Dreyfus to Threefoot. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/74696/file/160611#t=240.0,270.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/74696/file/160611/transcript/38287/annotation/10","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"So, I think they\nall came from around that area. But there is a person here that I can check with\nthat, and his name is Eddie Palmer. Eddie is out of Selma, and we grew up\ntogether. Our grandfathers were in business together. He was the Kayser part of\nthe Lilienthal.\n\nBERMAN: It's so interesting to me this this whole early, early German-Jewish\narrival. You also had a relative, Jacob Rothschild, ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/74696/file/160611#t=270.0,300.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/74696/file/160611/transcript/38287/annotation/11","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"who fought for the\nConfederacy. Can you tell me anything about him?\n\nCOHN: Yes. My grandfather, my great grandfather was Henry Lilienthal, and his\nwife was Annie Rothschild Lilienthal. Now, it was the maternal side of my\ngrandfather's family, Leslie Lilienthal, that fought in the Civil War. He fought\nin the Battle of Vicksburg. My great grandmother, Annie Lilienthal, was a twin.\nIt was ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/74696/file/160611#t=300.0,330.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/74696/file/160611/transcript/38287/annotation/12","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Annie Rothschild Lilienthal and Betty Rothschild Caton. And they lived\nnext door to each other in Selma, Alabama all of their lives. They raised their\nchildren next door to each other. And if you go to that cemetery in Selma, you\ncan see they emanated from Mississippi and they emanated from Columbia, South\nCarolina. But I have a relative and he's actually, I believe, in that Selma\ncemetery. His name was Stonewall Jackson Lilienthal.\n\nBERMAN: That's just ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/74696/file/160611#t=330.0,360.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/74696/file/160611/transcript/38287/annotation/13","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"amazing.\n\nCOHN: But the Confederacy in the Jews, as you all well know, Jews in the South,\nthey were part of the community. So, it may have been a struggle in terms of\nlooking at the civil rights movement, in terms of human rights. But Jews were\npart of the community, and they supported their community, even though I believe\nthat they tried to be more humane, not that that made it ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/74696/file/160611#t=360.0,390.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/74696/file/160611/transcript/38287/annotation/14","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"right. It didn't make\nit right. But Jews in the South were very much part of the general Christian\ncommunity. As a matter of fact, in Selma, the country club where my grandfather\ngrew up was already Jews and Christians, so long as they were white. Jews and\nChristians, so long as they were white. When he moved to Columbus, Georgia, and\nfound that the Columbus Country Club was restricted, he was shocked because it\nwasn't restricted in Selma, Alabama.\n\nBERMAN: Now the ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/74696/file/160611#t=390.0,420.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/74696/file/160611/transcript/38287/annotation/15","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Lilienthal's, I mean, were any of the, any other of those family\nmembers since they were here for so long, did they participate in the war? Do\nyou know?\n\nCOHN: I don't know. I just know about Jacob Rothschild because we have his civil\nwar rifle.\n\nBERMAN: It's amazing. It's amazing story. But now we'll move a little bit closer\nto the early 1900s and talk about your father's family and how they came to\nAmerica and ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/74696/file/160611#t=420.0,450.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/74696/file/160611/transcript/38287/annotation/16","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"how they ended up coming to Columbus.\n\nCOHN: Well, my grandmother on my father's side, Etta Hirsch Cohn, they were\nreally an educated family who owned a grocery store in Kiev. And the way they\ngot to this country was when the Cossacks came through, her brothers had already\nbeen here, a couple of them, because they had left because of the Russo-Japanese\nWar, because all of the young people were ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/74696/file/160611#t=450.0,480.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/74696/file/160611/transcript/38287/annotation/17","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"constricted, let me see if I get that\nout better, conscripted into the Russian army to Russiafy them. So, they came,\n1904, 1905, and my grandmother came around that time as well. She came to\nColumbus, Georgia, from Kiev, and she wanted to know where was the [Yiddish\nword, maybe shtutz or schmutz] because it was such a provincial little horse and\nbuggy town. I'm trying to think the year, that's when she came, 1904, 1905.\n\nBERMAN: ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/74696/file/160611#t=480.0,510.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/74696/file/160611/transcript/38287/annotation/18","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Why Columbus?\n\nCOHN: They had a cousin there named Ann Bonfield who had a millinery shop there.\nWe don't know how she got there or the connection. We know more about my\ngrandfather Cohn's side, but my grandmother, Etta Hirsch Cohn, she had some\nsisters and brothers who had gotten there. And we, I don't know how.\n\nBERMAN: Your grandfather? How did he?\n\nCOHN: And my grandfather, ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/74696/file/160611#t=510.0,540.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/74696/file/160611/transcript/38287/annotation/19","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"well, I wanted to tell you one quick story about how\nthey got saved. My grandmother. They had, her older sister in Kiev had some very\nclose Christian neighbors. When the Cossacks came through Kiev, her whistle\nneighbor put an icon in their window and the Cossacks rode past their home,\nwhich is where they stayed until they could get passage to the United States. My\ngrandfather's family, Sam Cohn, they were in ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/74696/file/160611#t=540.0,570.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/74696/file/160611/transcript/38287/annotation/20","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"livestock, and he came from one of\nthe Baltic states, I think it was Latvia. I don't think it was Lithuania. I\nbelieve it was Latvia. They just, they had two older brothers who left. They\ntraveled all over the place. They were in South Africa during the Boer War. They\nwent and mined for gold in Cripple Creek, Colorado, and they ended ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/74696/file/160611#t=570.0,600.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/74696/file/160611/transcript/38287/annotation/21","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"up getting\ninto this country in a circuitous way. They came by way of other places. They\nwere just Jews who left Latvia and started traveling just to get out. They came\ninto the United States through the back door. So, when they were here and they\nestablished themselves, they stopped in Columbus, Georgia. Who knows how? Who\nknows why? But they sent for my grandfather, Sam Cohn, who was the youngest of\nthe siblings, who was back there working and taking ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/74696/file/160611#t=600.0,630.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/74696/file/160611/transcript/38287/annotation/22","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"care of his sisters and his\nmother. They sent for him, and they sent him money for passage, and he came over\nwith his sisters.\n\nBERMAN: And he met your grandmother in Columbus?\n\nCOHN: He met my grandmother in Columbus. And the house that my father and his\nfour other siblings were born in became my father's law office.\n\nBERMAN: It's amazing. So, your roots in the South are just so strong and so,\nyou're so ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/74696/file/160611#t=630.0,660.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/74696/file/160611/transcript/38287/annotation/23","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"entrenched in this area. It's just very, it's all very interesting,\nall the ins and outs and relations and all of that.\n\nCOHN: I never lived anyplace else except the South.\n\nBERMAN: I want to talk a little bit about the livestock business because that's\nso intriguing. He continued in that business when he came here, did he not?\n\nCOHN: He had the stockyards down on Second Avenue in Columbus. When I was a\nlittle girl, although my mother was a little horrified ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/74696/file/160611#t=660.0,690.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/74696/file/160611/transcript/38287/annotation/24","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that I did this with my\nfather because she wanted me to only do the more genteel things, but I found it\nfascinating. I used to go with my cousins and with my father down to the\nauctions. All the farmers would come into town. I had one uncle who was an\nauctioneer, another uncle, as a matter of fact, my uncle Sol Cohn, he had the\nstockyards with my grandfather and my father's youngest brother, Harold Cohn was\nthe ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/74696/file/160611#t=690.0,720.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/74696/file/160611/transcript/38287/annotation/25","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"auctioneer. The farmers would come in and they would be in the rings with\nthe cattle and the pigs, and they would auction things off to the cattle. And my\nfather and his brothers and two sisters, Sophie Kulbersh and Ann Levy, they were\nbeautiful horseback riders, beautiful horseback riders. We had a farm out on the\nMacon Road, which the government took by eminent domain, and they were beautiful\nriders. And that's why my father wanted to ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/74696/file/160611#t=720.0,750.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/74696/file/160611/transcript/38287/annotation/26","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"join the cavalry during the Second\nWorld War. She rode horses.\n\nBERMAN: Can you ride?\n\nCOHN: No. My mother, I rode. I say I can't ride because when I think about\nriding, I did ride horses when I was very young, but I stopped when I was about\n12. My father says that when he met my mother, he asked to go horseback riding\nand she went because she kind of, they kind of liked each other already, but she\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/74696/file/160611#t=750.0,780.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/74696/file/160611/transcript/38287/annotation/27","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"rode horses. He says once she got hooked, she never got on a horse again. So,\nonce he got hooked, they never got on, she never got on a horse again.\n\nBERMAN: Was it, the match between your parents. She was from an old German\nJewish family, and he was from a Russian family. How did they get together?\n\nCOHN: Well, my dad was six or seven years older than my mother. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/74696/file/160611#t=780.0,810.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/74696/file/160611/transcript/38287/annotation/28","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"My mother was in\nan organization, and they made her the treasurer, and they had my dad was an\nadvisor and my mother was terrible in math. She thought as long as you had\nchecks and a checkbook, you could, you had money. So, he was advising her and\nhelping her be the treasurer of this organization. They just sort of clicked.\nSomebody just introduced them. But when they married, it was as though my ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/74696/file/160611#t=810.0,840.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/74696/file/160611/transcript/38287/annotation/29","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"father\nmarried religiously beneath himself and my mother married socially beneath\nherself. It was sort of an intermarriage in the South in those days. My father's\nfamily was horrified because they got married in a reform congregation. They\ndidn't get married under a chuppah. While my grandmother, my mother's mother,\ntried to have a reception that would be okay kosher wise for my father's family,\nthey all walked out of the ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/74696/file/160611#t=840.0,870.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/74696/file/160611/transcript/38287/annotation/30","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"reception. They wouldn't touch any of the food that\nwas at my parents wedding reception. But my father's mother was very tolerant.\nShe was kosher, but we, as long as we had glass plates and egg salad and fruit\nfor her for meal, she never opened her mouth. She was one of the most gentle\nlive and let live women I ever met. But you had to stay Jewish, though.\n\nBERMAN: How did the rest of the family do with all of that? Did they come around\nthe other ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/74696/file/160611#t=870.0,900.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/74696/file/160611/transcript/38287/annotation/31","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"relatives?\n\nCOHN: They did. My mother, who I lost about three weeks ago, was probably one of\nthe most charming women I've ever met. And she could literally charm the skin\noff a rattlesnake if she so chose to do that. If she didn't choose to do that,\nthen she just left you alone. But she was, she was charming and loving. But my\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/74696/file/160611#t=900.0,930.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/74696/file/160611/transcript/38287/annotation/32","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"father who thankfully I still have at the age of 95, his philosophy about people\nin life and killing with kindness, you know, always has worked. So, the families\ndid very well together. My grandmothers really loved each other, but their, the\nstyles of their husbands were different. But the two women got along\nbeautifully. One grandfather was a very southern ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/74696/file/160611#t=930.0,960.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/74696/file/160611/transcript/38287/annotation/33","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"gentleman in a household with\nlots of domestic help. The other household where there was some domestic help.\nMy grandmother Cohn was still the one in the kitchen who served my grandfather\nwhen he sat down to dinner, and she didn't sit down till everybody had been\nserved. Where my other grandmother had a bell under the table with silver\nservice and a formal meal every night where the food was passed. But they loved\neach other. My ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/74696/file/160611#t=960.0,990.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/74696/file/160611/transcript/38287/annotation/34","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"grandmothers loved each other.\n\nBERMAN: What synagogue did you end up? Did the family end up at?\n\nCOHN: We were dual members, but I was raised in Temple Israel, in the reform\ncongregation in Columbus. My brother was the first bar mitzvah in the reform\ncongregation in 45 years because my father wanted to begin that. The only thing\nmy father ever asked of my mother was that his son would be bar mitzvahed and\nhave a ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/74696/file/160611#t=990.0,1020.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/74696/file/160611/transcript/38287/annotation/35","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"bris. No problem. But my sister and I, we didn't have any religious\nschool training. We went to Sunday school, and we were confirmed, but it was so\ninteresting, it was still that Eastern European point of view where we didn't\nneed to be bat mitzvahed. We could just go to Sunday school, learn about our\nreligion, and have a confirmation.\n\nBERMAN: What are your siblings' names?\n\nCOHN: My brother's name is Leslie Cohn, and he's an attorney in Columbus,\nGeorgia. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/74696/file/160611#t=1020.0,1050.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/74696/file/160611/transcript/38287/annotation/36","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"My sister is Jane Kulbersh, K-U-L-B-E-R-S-H, and she's in Columbia,\nSouth Carolina.\n\nBERMAN: So, everyone stayed south.\n\nCOHN: Everybody stay south. Everybody stayed south. That's how it is.\n\nBERMAN: Let's talk about you a little bit now. We're catching up. What was the\nneighborhood like that you grew up in in Columbus?\n\nCOHN: I grew up in a neighborhood that was very, very ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/74696/file/160611#t=1050.0,1080.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/74696/file/160611/transcript/38287/annotation/37","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"ecumenical. You know,\nsidewalks. I walked to school. But if you want to look at it from a perspective,\nwe had talked about the civil rights movement in that part of this would deal\nwith that. I had a nurse who was at the house by 7 a.m. in the morning and on a\ncold morning we had gas logs in that living room. She warmed my socks over those\ngas logs before they were ever on ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/74696/file/160611#t=1080.0,1110.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/74696/file/160611/transcript/38287/annotation/38","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"my foot. The cook was already there. My mother\nnever got out of bed before I left for school. I didn't see her. I ate breakfast\nwith my father, but I never saw my mother until I got home. And sometimes,\nsometimes not then, because she was playing tennis or playing bridge or whatever\nher afternoons were like. And some, and often my grandmother's ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/74696/file/160611#t=1110.0,1140.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/74696/file/160611/transcript/38287/annotation/39","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"chauffeur would\npick me up at elementary school to take me to Brownies or to Girl Scouts or to\ndancing. But I was in ballet schools from the time I was little. I had to go to\ncharm school when I was 14 to learn the right way to sit and walk up the steps.\nI wore white gloves to town on Saturday, and of course, I sat in the front of\nthe bus and people that were black sat in the back of the bus. I would go down\nto my grandfather's store. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/74696/file/160611#t=1140.0,1170.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/74696/file/160611/transcript/38287/annotation/40","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I would go out to lunch with some of my friends. Now,\nwe were dual members because my mother's brother was killed in the Second World\nWar at 19 serving our country. So, I had no cousins on her side, but on my\nfather's side, who was one of five, there were 14 first cousins. So, I would go\nto Saturday morning services after I was confirmed at the Temple at 14 because\nit was there I was with my cousins and most ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/74696/file/160611#t=1170.0,1200.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/74696/file/160611/transcript/38287/annotation/41","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"of the girls that were my age. So,\nafter synagogue on Saturday mornings, we would get on the bus, have on our white\ngloves, and go to town and have lunch at a department store called Kirven's,\nwhich was our version of Rich's because it had like a little Magnolia Room in\nthere and have lunch and then go to the movies. But in terms of my life, it was\npretty gilded. It was pretty gilded.\n\nBERMAN: ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/74696/file/160611#t=1200.0,1230.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/74696/file/160611/transcript/38287/annotation/42","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Did you hang out mostly with Jewish kids?\n\nCOHN: I'm hesitating to answer that because I didn't hang out mostly with Jewish\nkids. Some of my, this sounds so silly, some of my closest friends are Jewish.\nSome of my closest friends were Jewish, but it was very secular for me. It\nwasn't secular necessarily for the entire Jewish community. But in ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/74696/file/160611#t=1230.0,1260.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/74696/file/160611/transcript/38287/annotation/43","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"my particular\nfamily, I had as many Christian friends as I did Jewish friends because my\nentire Brownie and Girl Scout troop, I was the only Jewish girl. And yet when I\ngot to high school, my father was very clear. He said, \"There's going to come a\ntime when there's going to be a parting of the ways. When you're about 16 or 17,\nyou're going to need to be in a Jewish crowd ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/74696/file/160611#t=1260.0,1290.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/74696/file/160611/transcript/38287/annotation/44","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"more,\" and it sort of evolved that\nway. I joined BBG [B'nai B'rith Girls]. I was AZA [Aleph Zadik Aleph]\nsweetheart, and so I began to develop my Jewish crowd probably around 15.\n\nBERMAN: Why did he say that to you?\n\nCOHN: You know, Columbus, as wonderful as it was to grow up there, and as\nwonderful as it is to go back there, at 5:00 there was still a ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/74696/file/160611#t=1290.0,1320.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/74696/file/160611/transcript/38287/annotation/45","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"social\ndemarcation, and the Columbus Country Club was restricted. The Junior League was\nrestricted, and it was for White Anglo-Saxon Protestants. I mean, Catholic girls\nand guys would run into the same kind of situation. And of course, when I grew\nup, I graduated high school in 1961, and when I grew up, you know, ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/74696/file/160611#t=1320.0,1350.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/74696/file/160611/transcript/38287/annotation/46","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"everything\nwas segregated, whether it was the water fountains, the movies, the\npediatrician's office. You know, when we would take our nurse to Florida in the\nsummertime for vacation, my father would have to get out of the car and take her\naround to the back to have a meal. There were black and white bathrooms. She\ncould have never come and sat down and had a meal with us. It just didn't exist.\nAnd ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/74696/file/160611#t=1350.0,1380.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/74696/file/160611/transcript/38287/annotation/47","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"integration in Columbus was a whole different ballgame.\n\nBERMAN: I want to get to that in a minute and talk about it in depth. But I want\nto know, just being with, talking a little bit more about your own Jewishness\nwith the Brownies and the Girl Scouts, did you ever experience a time where you\nfelt like an outsider when you were young?\n\nCOHN: I don't know exactly what my parents did, but I knew who I was ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/74696/file/160611#t=1380.0,1410.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/74696/file/160611/transcript/38287/annotation/48","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Jewishly. I\nalways knew that the expectation was to marry Jewish and to embrace my Jewish\nfriends. I would say that my two, even is a young girl, you know, from Sunday\nschool because I was in Sunday school, my two closest friends, I had four close\nfriends, two of whom were Jewish and two of whom were not Jewish. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/74696/file/160611#t=1410.0,1440.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/74696/file/160611/transcript/38287/annotation/49","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"But the\nmessage was, we live in a Christian world. It's important for Christians to\nunderstand Jews and not to isolate yourself so that they understood, so that\npeople understand that what we have here is a difference of religious beliefs.\nWe are all the same. And that was the mantra of my father during the civil\nrights movement as well. We may have a different color skin, and there may be\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/74696/file/160611#t=1440.0,1470.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/74696/file/160611/transcript/38287/annotation/50","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"some cultural differences among Jews, Christians, whomever, but we're human\nbeings and we need to know each other to do that. So, my family always felt it\nwas important to be part of the Christian community and do your part in the\nlarger secular community, but if you didn't take care of your own community,\nyour Jewish community, nobody else was. That was always very clear. And I think\nI digress from that ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/74696/file/160611#t=1470.0,1500.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/74696/file/160611/transcript/38287/annotation/51","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"question. Take me back to the original answer that you were\nlooking for.\n\nBERMAN: I was just curious, as a young child, if you ever experienced feeling as\nif you were an outsider in the Brownies or the Girl Scouts or at school?\n\nCOHN: Not as a young girl. Where I began to feel it was when it was time to make\nour debuts. Now, I was already married. My mother made her debut and my ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/74696/file/160611#t=1500.0,1530.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/74696/file/160611/transcript/38287/annotation/52","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"older\nson when I was there, he was an escort for the debutante ball, which was at the\nCountry Club, which was restricted. There were some Jewish girls from the reform\nmovement who did make their debuts. I was already married by that age, but\nsocially when you got to be about 15 or 16 and you knew as a young girl that\nJews were not allowed in the Country Club and Jews were not allowed in the\nJunior League, you began to get it more. I remember ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/74696/file/160611#t=1530.0,1560.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/74696/file/160611/transcript/38287/annotation/53","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"my oldest son, whose last\nname is Rosenberg, Howie Rosenberg, I remember so well when I was raising my\nchildren in Columbus, and schools were integrated by then, but there was, there\nwas the holdout. And he said, \"Mom, can we afford to join the Country Club?\nBecause everybody in my neighborhood goes, I'd like to go swimming there in the\nsummertime.\" He was about ten years old, and I remember having to tell him,\n\"It's not a matter ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/74696/file/160611#t=1560.0,1590.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/74696/file/160611/transcript/38287/annotation/54","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"of whether or not we can join financially. We can't join\nbecause we're Jewish.\" I remember the look on his face. He was just stricken. I\nthink that boys experienced anti-Semitism more than girls do. I don't know why,\nbut socially, I just knew I was Jewish, and I don't know why it didn't bother\nme. And I didn't do certain social things when I was ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/74696/file/160611#t=1590.0,1620.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/74696/file/160611/transcript/38287/annotation/55","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"16 and 17. I got into AZA\nand BBG because I was old enough to date and fall in love and it was time to\nchannel me where I needed to be socially because I was going to marry somebody\nJewish. That was just it.\n\nBERMAN: Was there not . . . there was a Jewish country club. The Standard Club.\n\nCOHN: There was.\n\nBERMAN: Did you belong?\n\nCOHN: There were two. There were two. And again, because we were dual members of\nboth congregations, we would do all members of both clubs. The Standard Club was\nthe club for the Conservative congregation and the Harmony Club was the ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/74696/file/160611#t=1620.0,1650.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/74696/file/160611/transcript/38287/annotation/56","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"club for\nthe Reform Congregation. And then, I don't know the year, but of course as\nthings went on financially and population wise, it wasn't feasible to have two\nclubs and we merged. So, when my children were growing up, there was only one\nJewish country club, but when I was growing up there were two.\n\nBERMAN: Were you members?\n\nCOHN: Of both.\n\nBERMAN: And as far as having your debut, it wouldn't have been at the Jewish\nclub? This was just something . . .\n\nCOHN: Oh, no. This was just ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/74696/file/160611#t=1650.0,1680.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/74696/file/160611/transcript/38287/annotation/57","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"the, this was the white Anglo-Saxon Protestant\ncommunity where some or certain, I don't like that word, but I don't know any\nother way to say it, Jewish girls were asked and Sidney Simons, who lives here,\nwas one of the girls that did make her debut.\n\nBERMAN: Did you want to?\n\nCOHN: No. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/74696/file/160611#t=1680.0,1710.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/74696/file/160611/transcript/38287/annotation/58","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Interestingly enough, my mother was not particularly social in that\nway. I don't know, I was satisfied. I was happy. I enjoyed my life. I mean, I\nwas happy. I didn't have any aspirations for anything. I liked having my\nfriends. I liked going ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/74696/file/160611#t=1710.0,1740.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/74696/file/160611/transcript/38287/annotation/59","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"to the movies. I like going to dances. I liked my Jewish\nfriends. I liked AZA. I liked BBG. I just didn't have any aspirations. I don't\nthink I, if I think about what I want out of my life today, I don't have any,\nfor lack of a better term, I don't have any social aspirations now. I just move\nalong with life. I like participating in the community and that's enough for me.\nAnd my children and my husband. That's enough. And my grandchildren! My\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/74696/file/160611#t=1740.0,1770.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/74696/file/160611/transcript/38287/annotation/60","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"grandchildren, my grandchildren. That's enough.\n\nBERMAN: Now I want to get back into growing up during really the heart of the\nfifties and the early sixties of the civil rights movement. You mentioned\nearlier just being on the bus and you being in the front, blacks being in the\nback, did you ever think that it should be different? Did you think about it\nthen or was it just so ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/74696/file/160611#t=1770.0,1800.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/74696/file/160611/transcript/38287/annotation/61","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"natural that you didn't think about it?\n\nCOHN: I think when I was 14 years old, I just didn't think about it. The place I\nthought about it the most was in my parents' home. What bothered me, even as a\nyoung child, was the help had their own bathrooms, they had their own jelly jars\nto drink out of, and ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/74696/file/160611#t=1800.0,1830.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/74696/file/160611/transcript/38287/annotation/62","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"they served us until after dinner at night. And I knew that\nIda Lee had children. Now, my family felt that they did the best thing that they\ncould. I know that a lot of domestic help didn't have rides and things of that\nnature. You know, my father always made sure that he took them directly to their\nhomes in the evenings in a car, in his car. He always drove someone ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/74696/file/160611#t=1830.0,1860.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/74696/file/160611/transcript/38287/annotation/63","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"home. We ate\nearlier so that the women that worked with us could get home at a reasonable\ntime. So, where there was the old expression that my Yankee husband laughs\nabout, \"We were good to our help,\" I think that was the one piece that gave me\nsome solace. As I grew older, I got it, but as I was younger, I don't know that\nI thought ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/74696/file/160611#t=1860.0,1890.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/74696/file/160611/transcript/38287/annotation/64","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"much about it. I may have made some mental notes, but I didn't do\nanything. I didn't do anything.\n\nBERMAN: Well, when things began to change, when the segregation laws began to\nchange, was it a discussion in your home?\n\nCOHN: There was. And the discussion came primarily from my father, because the\nSecond World War changed him ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/74696/file/160611#t=1890.0,1920.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/74696/file/160611/transcript/38287/annotation/65","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"to such an extent, and he may have been this way\nbefore, I don't know, but here you had African American/black outfits fighting\nfor their country, and they came home, and then once again, they became second\nclass citizens. He saw the prejudices of Europe, and he brought those stories\nback to the dinner table. He did, he said that he was going to do everything he\ncould to try to change it. Even as much as the Junior League, when they asked\nhim to be an ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/74696/file/160611#t=1920.0,1950.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/74696/file/160611/transcript/38287/annotation/66","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"advisor, because by the sixties he was already the judge of the\njuvenile court in Columbus, and they wanted someone of his stature who happened\nto be Jewish, to be an advisor. I said, \"How can you do that? Because they, you\nknow, they don't take your wife and your daughter. I don't think you should be\nany place where you're not wanted.\" He said, \"You have to change the system from\nwithin.\" I never forgot that because he was right. So, it was how to change the\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/74696/file/160611#t=1950.0,1980.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/74696/file/160611/transcript/38287/annotation/67","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"system from within, and there were discussions at the table about what to do.\nAnd as you well know, Sandy, he became the chief voter registrar in Columbus in\n1960, in which I helped him participate. Then when I graduated college, I helped\nto integrate Columbus High School in 1965, 1966, which was the first year it was\nintegrated. Then I moved to Hardaway High School, which was the other\npredominantly white ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/74696/file/160611#t=1980.0,2010.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/74696/file/160611/transcript/38287/annotation/68","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"high school in Columbus, not predominately white, it was the\nother white high school in Columbus in 1966, 1967, and it was integrated for the\nfirst time, but on a very, very, very tiny scale. But nevertheless, it was the beginning.\n\nBERMAN: Were you ever frightened?\n\nCOHN: No. No. I don't know why I felt so secure. I imagine that my father felt\nfrightened ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/74696/file/160611#t=2010.0,2040.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/74696/file/160611/transcript/38287/annotation/69","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"from time to time because I believe that he had threats. The way he\nset up the voting tents downtown was he had black voters registering white\nvoters and white voters registering black voters because his philosophy was if\nhands could touch, it helped to humanize the situation. I think he had threats\nfrom both sides. He had ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/74696/file/160611#t=2040.0,2070.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/74696/file/160611/transcript/38287/annotation/70","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"outside folks from the NAACP [National Association for\nthe Advancement of Colored People] who came down and wanted to know why a white\nperson was doing this. And he had white supremacists in Columbus who didn't\nthink it should happen. So, I think he experienced it. I think somehow, I was\nprotected. Now, when there was integration in the high school, there were some\nslurs that were made against me about, \"Yeah, ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/74696/file/160611#t=2070.0,2100.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/74696/file/160611/transcript/38287/annotation/71","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"they put the 'blank' kids in her\nclass because she's a Jew.\" So, there was a little of that, but nothing that\nmade me feel frightened or worried. I just felt good. I felt good that finally,\nbecause I had loved Essie May and Ida Lee so much, that finally I felt good that\nI was doing something sort of in their name.\n\nBERMAN: Were they still living and working for your family?\n\nCOHN: Not in the sixties. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/74696/file/160611#t=2100.0,2130.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/74696/file/160611/transcript/38287/annotation/72","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Neither one of them were living anymore.\n\nBERMAN: Did you ever have any kind of discussion with them? About, while they\nwere still living, about segregation or what they hoped what would happen,\nchanges that they wanted?\n\nCOHN: You know, I never had discussions with them. Essie May couldn't write. She\njust wanted somebody to be ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/74696/file/160611#t=2130.0,2160.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/74696/file/160611/transcript/38287/annotation/73","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"good to her. If I talk about her too much, it breaks\nmy heart. My mother and father took care of Ida Lee because she had three\nchildren, was not married. I remember Christmases and Easters, you know, going\nshopping for the whole families, that was part of the \"We're doing this, but\nwe're good to our help,\" and I'm putting this on ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/74696/file/160611#t=2160.0,2190.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/74696/file/160611/transcript/38287/annotation/74","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"video, and I don't want to make\nmy parents look like they didn't do the right things. It wasn't right, but it\nwas part of the times in which we lived. I can remember and I'm digressing a\nmoment, but I can remember sitting with my grandfather, the one from Selma, and\nThe Supremes came on \"The Ed Sullivan Show\" for the first time, and Ed Sullivan\nkissed one of ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/74696/file/160611#t=2190.0,2220.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/74696/file/160611/transcript/38287/annotation/75","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"the Supremes on the cheek. My grandfather was sitting there\nwatching Ed Sullivan, my grandfather jumped out of the chair and started\nscreaming at Ed Sullivan. \"You like that, Ed? Go on! Kiss her again! Kiss her\nagain!\" He was just livid that a white man would have kissed a black woman. It\nwas so ingrained in the separation of the races. But we know by 1954, ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/74696/file/160611#t=2220.0,2250.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/74696/file/160611/transcript/38287/annotation/76","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"with Brown\nv. the Board of Education, separate was not equal and separate was never equal.\n\nBERMAN: We're back. Second tape, we were talking about integration. When you\nwere speaking about your involvement, we've interviewed so many people in the\nSouth by this point over the last ten years, and you and your father are really,\nin my estimation, more of an anomaly. You just, there weren't that ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/74696/file/160611#t=2250.0,2280.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/74696/file/160611/transcript/38287/annotation/77","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"many Jewish\nSoutherners who got involved because once the civil rights workers from the\nNorth went home, you still had to be living in the South.\n\nCOHN: That's true.\n\nBERMAN: So, I am wondering, besides your father's experience in World War II,\nwhat else do you think, why else did you get involved and your father get involved?\n\nCOHN: I don't know where it is in your ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/74696/file/160611#t=2280.0,2310.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/74696/file/160611/transcript/38287/annotation/78","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"heart, but we knew it was the right thing\nto do. And the interesting thing about my dad is because he's an attorney and\nhe's a judge is so much of life with him was black and white. I was always\nstruggling for the gray. It was just the right thing to do. That's how it was\nfor him. Now, he wasn't a merchant. I think merchants were much more concerned\nthat their businesses ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/74696/file/160611#t=2310.0,2340.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/74696/file/160611/transcript/38287/annotation/79","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"would be boycotted and that they would lose their\nlivelihood. Maybe as an attorney, he had some different routes to provide for\nhis family. I don't know the answer to that. That's just an educated thought.\nNot that that makes it okay for merchants not to do what they needed to do. My\ngrandfather was one of those merchants. My father, there were picket lines all\nover Columbus, and one of the very important department stores called Kirven's\nhad to close ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/74696/file/160611#t=2340.0,2370.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/74696/file/160611/transcript/38287/annotation/80","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"down because they refused to integrate. There were picket lines,\nand the picket lines were going in front of my grandfather's store, too, because\nhe had black women that worked there, but they were all maids. They worked in\nthe stockroom. They helped clean up the alteration rooms, but they weren't\nsalespeople on the floor. My father said, \"You know, Dad, things are changing,\"\nwhich was his father-in-law, \"things are changing. You need to put your black\nwomen ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/74696/file/160611#t=2370.0,2400.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/74696/file/160611/transcript/38287/annotation/81","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"on the floor. They are no longer 'maids.' They need to work in the store\nalong with your white workers.\" Well, we had so many, I don't know the way to\ndescribe these older maiden white Southern women, the thought of them selling\nalongside of black women was really an anathema. They ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/74696/file/160611#t=2400.0,2430.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/74696/file/160611/transcript/38287/annotation/82","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"liked them. They were kind\nto them. But that's so patronizing. That's such, I guess patronizing is the best\nword. It was so paternal. The way to make that shift was a real challenge. My\ngrandfather finally listened to my dad and put these women on the floor. But\nwhat did he have them wear the first time they were on the floor? Gray ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/74696/file/160611#t=2430.0,2460.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/74696/file/160611/transcript/38287/annotation/83","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"uniforms\nwith white aprons and a little hat if you can believe that. And so, the next\nstep was to say, \"Okay, these wonderful women are on the floor, but get them out\nof those patronizing clothes!\" When I married in 1963, there is a picture of me\nwith ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/74696/file/160611#t=2460.0,2490.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/74696/file/160611/transcript/38287/annotation/84","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"three of the black women who were in our home standing there with me in\ntheir white dress uniform. You'd think it was the Army, right? Their white\nuniforms because they didn't even have on regular cocktail clothes for the\nwedding. It was wrong, but that's the way it was.\n\nBERMAN: That's amazing. And the store Kayser Lilienthal, right?\n\nCOHN: Yes, but my grandfather did, ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/74696/file/160611#t=2490.0,2520.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/74696/file/160611/transcript/38287/annotation/85","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"he came kicking and screaming, but my\ngrandmother, my grandmother Ruth Lilienthal, was like my father. She once said\nto me way into her nineties, she said, \"I'm glad things have changed. What we\ndid wasn't right.\" She just had that kind of humanistic knowing heart. I think\nthat's the same kind of heart that my ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/74696/file/160611#t=2520.0,2550.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/74696/file/160611/transcript/38287/annotation/86","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"dad has, and he passed it on to me. When I\nmoved to Atlanta, I began to do a world of difference for the Anti-Defamation\nLeague in the school systems and the anti-bias training that they also do. My\nson, Elliott Rosenberg, did that for a long time as well. I did, I want to\ninterrupt for one minute, my children when they were in grammar school, and\nHowie is ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/74696/file/160611#t=2550.0,2580.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/74696/file/160611/transcript/38287/annotation/87","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"44, David's 41, Elliot's 35 when Howie brought home black classmates\ninto our home in Columbus, Georgia, and they were playing in the backyard, some\nof my neighbors even then had things to say about it. And Howie was born in 1967.\n\nBERMAN: Do you remember from the congregation were any of the Jewish congregants\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/74696/file/160611#t=2580.0,2610.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/74696/file/160611/transcript/38287/annotation/88","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"or friends of the family or anybody that you knew involved in either the civil\nrights movement or members of, let's say, white citizens councils. Does anybody\nstand out in either direction?\n\nCOHN: Yes. We had a phenomenal rabbi named Rabbi Alfred Goodman at the Temple.\nHe was akin to Jack Rothschild here in Atlanta. He was very ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/74696/file/160611#t=2610.0,2640.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/74696/file/160611/transcript/38287/annotation/89","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"active in the civil\nrights movement, and he preached to the Temple about the wrongs of segregation\nand that the Jewish community must get involved and the Jewish community must\nhelp to effect that change. He was very instrumental. Now, I can check for the\nrecord with my dad about other members of the congregation that were involved. I\nknow that the rabbi took some flak ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/74696/file/160611#t=2640.0,2670.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/74696/file/160611/transcript/38287/annotation/90","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"from some of the congregation, not that they\nfelt the rabbi was wrong so much as, you know, don't make waves, you know, keep\na low profile. It was still, as Alan Dershowitz used to say, you know, \"We still\nwant to act like second class citizens, and we have to keep a low profile.\" Or\nas some of my grandmother's group used to say, \"Don't do anything that could be\na shanda for the goyim.\" ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/74696/file/160611#t=2670.0,2700.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/74696/file/160611/transcript/38287/annotation/91","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"You know, you're just supposed to behave yourself,\nright, wrong, or indifferent, behave yourself in terms of the larger community\nso that you don't bring any problems into the Jewish community. But the time had\ncome where the Jewish community needed to stand on its own two feet and quit\nworrying about the secular community and just do the right thing. And that's\nwhat Rabbi Goodman tried to bring the congregation into the forefront to do. And\nI am sure, although I don't have the names, ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/74696/file/160611#t=2700.0,2730.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/74696/file/160611/transcript/38287/annotation/92","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"there were many people who wanted to\nmake this wrong right. And there were probably some people who wanted everybody\nto shut up and leave the system alone, but I don't have the names.\n\nBERMAN: You mentioned also that you were instrumental when you were teaching in\nColumbus in integrating the schools that you were teaching in. How did that come\nto pass?\n\nCOHN: Well, of course, it was federal law. I didn't have anything to personally\ndo with integration, but my role ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/74696/file/160611#t=2730.0,2760.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/74696/file/160611/transcript/38287/annotation/93","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"was they made sure that in each class, you\nknow, those kids must have been so brave because it was like maybe one black\ngirl and one black guy for each class for the freshman, sophomore, junior and\nsenior class in high school, it wasn't very many. The principal just knew of my\nfather and knew that I was of the same ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/74696/file/160611#t=2760.0,2790.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/74696/file/160611/transcript/38287/annotation/94","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"ilk, and so those kids were put into my\nhomeroom the very first year of integration. And I was their troubleshooter. If\nthey had any problems, if they had any fears, they had any concerns, I was the\nperson that they came to. So, I would have them for homeroom and for history.\nBut they sat in the lunchroom together. And it's not to say that Jewish kids\ndidn't sit at the same lunchroom ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/74696/file/160611#t=2790.0,2820.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/74696/file/160611/transcript/38287/annotation/95","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"table or kids that went to the same church\ndidn't sit in the lunchroom table together. I think that's what kids do. But it\nstill must have felt extremely isolating, and those young people were very brave\nto do that.\n\nBERMAN: Do you remember their names?\n\nCOHN: I am embarrassed, but I cannot. But that's just because I can't remember\nanybody's name lately. But I don't mind going back to those records ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/74696/file/160611#t=2820.0,2850.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/74696/file/160611/transcript/38287/annotation/96","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"to find out.\n\nBERMAN: Did you go to Jewish summer camp growing up?\n\nCOHN: I went to Jewish summer camp one time and my mother decided they were\nnothing but country clubs, and if I was going to have a camping experience, it\nwas going to be Girl Scout camp. So, I went to Girl Scout camp and my brother\nwent to YMCA camps. I went to a Jewish camp one ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/74696/file/160611#t=2850.0,2880.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/74696/file/160611/transcript/38287/annotation/97","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"time.\n\nBERMAN: Where was it?\n\nCOHN: It was Bel Air. And I think that I was 14 years old when I talked about\nthis guy I had a crush on, and he was 17. I think once my mother heard that,\nthat was the end of that. She decided she didn't know what kind of supervision I\nwas getting, and so I was going to all girls' camps from then on. I never went\nto another co-ed camp after that one time.\n\nBERMAN: That's funny.\n\nCOHN: ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/74696/file/160611#t=2880.0,2910.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/74696/file/160611/transcript/38287/annotation/98","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Well, I could say something on tape that you might have to edit it out,\nbut you know, when I was growing up, virginity was the hallmark for a young, a\nproper young girl. Nobody would have thought that they should not be a virgin\nwhen they got married. Not according to my mother.\n\nBERMAN: How would you describe the closeness of the Jewish community in Columbus?\n\nCOHN: I'll tell you what I ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/74696/file/160611#t=2910.0,2940.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/74696/file/160611/transcript/38287/annotation/99","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"loved about the Jewish community in Columbus. There\nwere no lines about where you lived, what your families did for a living,\nsocioeconomics was not a part of the Jewish community. We were an entity. We\nwere never allowed to leave each other out of parties. And it was a ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/74696/file/160611#t=2940.0,2970.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/74696/file/160611/transcript/38287/annotation/100","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"very\nembracing place to live. I loved every minute of it.\n\nBERMAN: But that's, when you say never allowed to leave anyone out of parties,\nthat was the Temple crowd?\n\nCOHN: No.\n\nBERMAN: No, you invited . . .\n\nCOHN: Oh, yes. Oh, yes. I can't, my mother's generation, and my father's\ngeneration, no. Never the twain shall meet. No. My parents' marriage was ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/74696/file/160611#t=2970.0,3000.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/74696/file/160611/transcript/38287/annotation/101","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"the\nJewish intermarriage. My mother was considered a Yiddish shiksa by my father's\nfamily. You know, my mother even, I still laugh about it, my mother still was\nthe only Jewish mother I ever knew who got upset when her children became more\nreligious. And all of us did. But, you know, she thought Passover was ham on\nmatzo. But we certainly had ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/74696/file/160611#t=3000.0,3030.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/74696/file/160611/transcript/38287/annotation/102","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Passover, and we certainly have matzo, but there may\nhave been ham there, too. I don't know. And we had Christmas trees and we had\nthe Easter Bunny, but we were Jewish, but we celebrated with our neighbors.\n\nBERMAN: Tell me more about Passover. What was the meal like?\n\nCOHN: Well, I mean, we did have matzo ball soup and we did have gefilte fish\nbecause it was a heavy influence with my father. But we also . . .\n\nBERMAN: But the help cooked?\n\nCOHN: Oh, of course. I ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/74696/file/160611#t=3030.0,3060.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/74696/file/160611/transcript/38287/annotation/103","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"never saw my mother in the kitchen. I never saw my mother\nin the kitchen. She was the world's best supervisor. She could have gone to,\nlisten, I will never, speaking of Passover, one of my first jobs after I got\ndivorced, because I didn't go back into the workforce until I was about 38 or\n40, I was a meeting planner for Communicorp because I'd been president of\nHadassah, I'd been president of the Girls Club Board, I'd been president ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/74696/file/160611#t=3060.0,3090.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/74696/file/160611/transcript/38287/annotation/104","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"of the\nSymphony Auxiliary, so meeting planning was, you know, just in my Jewish DNA. I\nwas working at Communicorp as a meeting planner, one of my first jobs, and the\npresident of the company came around to my cubicle and she said, \"Gail, your\nmother is on the phone. She hasn't been able to get you and she wants to make\nsure you'll make the matzo ball soup for Passover.\" I called my mother up and I\nsaid, \"You ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/74696/file/160611#t=3090.0,3120.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/74696/file/160611/transcript/38287/annotation/105","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"cannot do that.\" \"Well, I know Pat Stubbs. I didn't think she'd\nmind.\" \"No, Mama, that's not how it works.\" But that was my mother. You know,\nshe had no boundaries when she wanted something. No boundaries. But we did. We\nhad, we colored Easter eggs and we had huge Christmas trees. And I remember when\nI was 14 years old, I became very much of a Zionist. Israel became very\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/74696/file/160611#t=3120.0,3150.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/74696/file/160611/transcript/38287/annotation/106","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"important to me, and I wanted to, because we were dual members, I was in USY\n[United Synagogue Youth] as well as temple youth groups, and I had gotten the\nfever. I said to my mother, I went to my father, I said, \"You've got to talk to\nmother. I want to establish this more as a Jewish home. You've got to talk to\nher about having a Christmas tree. I've met with my sister. I've met with my\nbrother. No Christmas tree ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/74696/file/160611#t=3150.0,3180.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/74696/file/160611/transcript/38287/annotation/107","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"this year. And I can't tell her because I know she's\ngoing to be devastated. She loves that Christmas tree.\" But she said \"Okay.\" And\nshe was very much Jewish, she just liked to celebrate with her Christian neighbors.\n\nBERMAN: Very, very much a part of not just Southern culture, but I think the\nreformed German-Jewish culture.\n\nCOHN: I think so.\n\nBERMAN: Yeah.\n\nCOHN: I think so.\n\nBERMAN: Up north too, I know that was the norm. How would you describe ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/74696/file/160611#t=3180.0,3210.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/74696/file/160611/transcript/38287/annotation/108","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"the\nColumbus community today? I know it's. Shearith Israel is closed.\n\nCOHN: Yes.\n\nBERMAN: And it's shrinking a little bit. What do you see for the future of the\nJewish community there?\n\nCOHN: You know? I've been gone now, which is hard for me to realize, almost 25\nyears. Although I am \"home\" often. Some of my closest friends ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/74696/file/160611#t=3210.0,3240.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/74696/file/160611/transcript/38287/annotation/109","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"remain in Columbus\nas well as Atlanta. I'm really fortunate because I've had more than one life,\nall of which have been pretty good. There have been some glitches along the way,\nsome big glitches, but by and large, I've got no complaints. The Jewish\ncommunity in Columbus is dwindling. I would say that the Columbus, Georgia\nJewish community within the confines of Atlanta, Georgia, ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/74696/file/160611#t=3240.0,3270.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/74696/file/160611/transcript/38287/annotation/110","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"is very large, and our\nyoung people didn't go back. The synagogue was unable to maintain itself. They\nnever really, right at the moment, they have it worked out something where they\nhave merged the congregations. The synagogue has maintained the rabbi's house\nthere, where they're using some moneys that they ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/74696/file/160611#t=3270.0,3300.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/74696/file/160611/transcript/38287/annotation/111","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"have to bring in Jewish\nscholars where they're meeting. But the only congregation is the one at the\nTemple. And a lot of the synagogue members because they didn't really merge are\njust joining the Temple. I think the Temple is becoming more traditional, as\nmost reform congregations are. I don't know what's going to happen to the Jewish\ncommunity in Columbus any more than we know what's going to happen to the small\nJewish communities ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/74696/file/160611#t=3300.0,3330.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/74696/file/160611/transcript/38287/annotation/112","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"all over the South or maybe all over the country. But I think\nthat they have a very special place.\n\nBERMAN: Are there any of the old stores, Jewish owned stores left in Columbus?\n\nCOHN: Not in their originality. The clothing stores of Sol and Harry Cohn, of\nKayser Lilienthal's, of Max Rosenberg, ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/74696/file/160611#t=3330.0,3360.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/74696/file/160611/transcript/38287/annotation/113","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Jewelers of Rosenberg's jewelry store of\nJack's Pawn Shop and Fox Loans, and all of those stores were owned by Jews.\nKayser Lilienthal's, Keralphies. They were all they were all owned by Jews in\ndowntown Columbus. And they're gone. They're gone.\n\nBERMAN: Did they close up mainly because of sort ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/74696/file/160611#t=3360.0,3390.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/74696/file/160611/transcript/38287/annotation/114","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"of the Wal-Martization of\nAmerica? Or was it just that the sons and the next generation didn't want to\ncome back or a combination of both?\n\nCOHN: I think it was a combination of both. But so many of the people that were\nin retail, I think the vast majority of their children became CPAs and lawyers\nand doctors and they didn't stay in the business. There are exceptions, but for\nthe most ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/74696/file/160611#t=3390.0,3420.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/74696/file/160611/transcript/38287/annotation/115","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"part they didn't stay in the business. Actually, my children's father,\nwho we call brother, he took the building that his family owns in downtown\nColumbus because Columbus State has grown so, and he has a general store that\ncaters to the college kids. So, that's about, his last name is Rosenberg, as are\nmy three sons, but I can't think of anybody else.\n\nBERMAN: ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/74696/file/160611#t=3420.0,3450.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/74696/file/160611/transcript/38287/annotation/116","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"So, what made you move to Atlanta?\n\nCOHN: I came to Atlanta because I had a brief second marriage, and after that\nmarriage was no longer in existence, I chose to stay. I debated for a long time\nbecause, as you well know Sandy, my mother continued to say, \"Why don't you move\nhome where people love you?\" She used every ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/74696/file/160611#t=3450.0,3480.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/74696/file/160611/transcript/38287/annotation/117","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"trick in the trade to bribe me to\nmove back. But my children, who all went to the University of Georgia as a\nthird-generation bulldogs, they all began to move to Atlanta. So, my children\nbegan to move here, my grandchildren are here. And I decided to make this home.\n\nBERMAN: What do you do? What for? When you when you first moved here, what was\nyour first job that you . . .\n\nCOHN: What I had done ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/74696/file/160611#t=3480.0,3510.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/74696/file/160611/transcript/38287/annotation/118","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"after I got divorced from my children's father, I had\nnever been in the workforce. I'd always been a volunteer, except for those two\nfirst years out of college in which I taught history in the high schools. I had\nbeen a corporate trainer for Blue Cross Blue Shield of Georgia and had\nfacilitated workshops in communications and customer service and personality\nintegration into the workforce and ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/74696/file/160611#t=3510.0,3540.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/74696/file/160611/transcript/38287/annotation/119","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"things of that nature. So, I did freelance\nwork here, and that's how I first got involved with the ADL. My first job here\nwas with DeKalb Tech, and I did workshops for what they call displaced\nhomemakers and single parents. They were women who had been divorced and found\nthemselves without the skills to go into the workplace. I got connected with\nthat because I used to do that for Chattahoochee Valley Community ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/74696/file/160611#t=3540.0,3570.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/74696/file/160611/transcript/38287/annotation/120","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"College and\nfor Columbus State when I lived in Columbus. I also taught aerobics because I'd\nrather tap dance than eat. So, I began to do those workshops and I got connected\nfrom Chattahoochee Valley Community College to DeKalb Tech when I moved here\nbecause it drive me crazy to do nothing, and I was looking for volunteer work to\ndo as well because I like giving back to my community wherever it's possible.\nSo, I did workshops in interpersonal ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/74696/file/160611#t=3570.0,3600.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/74696/file/160611/transcript/38287/annotation/121","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"skills, which is what I still do. I have a\ncompany, a business of one called Leadershape or Leadershape Consulting, in\nwhich I still do workshops for companies. Law firms have become big clients for\nme. They want to do client services and learn the best ways to engage people.\n\nBERMAN: And for a time, you worked at the Atlanta Jewish Federation.\n\nCOHN: I did. I had a right after my second ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/74696/file/160611#t=3600.0,3630.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/74696/file/160611/transcript/38287/annotation/122","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"marriage didn't work out. I had been\na volunteer here and David Sarnat was executive director, and my children were\nall gone. I had decided to stay in Atlanta, and I was lonely and I wanted to\nfind a way to stay in the Jewish community. David Sarnat said that the Young\nLeadership Council was a fledgling entity under women's division and that he\nthought it would be good for them to have a ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/74696/file/160611#t=3630.0,3660.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/74696/file/160611/transcript/38287/annotation/123","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"mother figure. I said, \"Great. I'd\nlove to come to work at the Federation.\" So, I was the young leadership director\nhere, and we made it into a department of its own. Adele Siegel Glasser and Ron\nKirschner were the first YLC co-chairs when it was an independent entity. I\nloved, loved, loved working with them, and I had many other wonderful YLCers\nwhose names I could give ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/74696/file/160611#t=3660.0,3690.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/74696/file/160611/transcript/38287/annotation/124","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"you without any trouble, Candace Kircher and Larry\nAppel. We had a really good time, and I did that for four and a half years.\n\nBERMAN: What did you think, this is kind of really off the subject, but a lot of\npeople and you've kind of have an inside track, have just really, I guess,\nmarveled at the way Federation has changed over the years. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/74696/file/160611#t=3690.0,3720.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/74696/file/160611/transcript/38287/annotation/125","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I was wondering what\nyour opinion is of that, the Federation that you worked for, can you talk a\nlittle bit about what you see as the Federation today and their role in the community?\n\nCOHN: I wish that I could, but I'm not sure that I'm well versed enough on that.\nMy focus was really young people. I really love watching young people evolve and\nbecome leaders and philanthropists and ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/74696/file/160611#t=3720.0,3750.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/74696/file/160611/transcript/38287/annotation/126","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"reach their fullest potential. But I'm\nnot sure that I'm well versed enough to talk about the then and the now.\n\nBERMAN: I want to move back a little bit again in time, back to the civil rights\nera in Columbus. Was there one memorable incident that you can recall, something\nthat happened during a voter registration day or during the pickets that you'd\nlike to share with us?\n\nCOHN: I'm trying to think of something that might feel memorable -\n\nBERMAN: I know, it's like you get off ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/74696/file/160611#t=3750.0,3780.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/74696/file/160611/transcript/38287/annotation/127","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"the . . .\n\nCOHN: You know, for posterity. But I just, the thing that I remember the most\nwas looking at the picket lines, and looking at, the police who really didn't\nknow what to do because they were all white police as well. They weren't any\nblack police. And it was trying to uphold the ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/74696/file/160611#t=3780.0,3810.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/74696/file/160611/transcript/38287/annotation/128","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"law and still live in that\ncommunity where people didn't call slur epithets at you. And I remember\nthinking, \"What is this?\" I don't think I really understood that true scope of\nhate. I mean, I knew that we had the KKK [Ku Klux Klan]. I knew that there had\nbeen some murders. But I don't think I had the full impact. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/74696/file/160611#t=3810.0,3840.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/74696/file/160611/transcript/38287/annotation/129","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I just remember\nfeeling like I was doing something right.\n\nBERMAN: And that leads me to my next question. In looking back, I mean, I think\nit's wonderful, I want to say again, I've interviewed so many folks and so few\nreally got involved, and the fact that you and your father did, I just think was\nso wonderful and really courageous for being in the ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/74696/file/160611#t=3840.0,3870.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/74696/file/160611/transcript/38287/annotation/130","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"South. Do you ever speak to\nyour father about it? Do you talk about those years?\n\nCOHN: All the time. One of the stories that I didn't relate to you that was a\ncatalyst for his feelings was when he came back from the Second World War, he\nrepresented a young black soldier who was from the North who had been in Europe\nduring one of the campaigns and had all of a sudden been stationed at Fort\nBenning. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/74696/file/160611#t=3870.0,3900.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/74696/file/160611/transcript/38287/annotation/131","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"He had been accused of touching a white woman kind of around her knee,\nyou know, just sort of saying, you know, \"Let's . . . want to dance,\" or, but\nthere was a black hand touching a white female body. He was brought to trial and\nmy dad had to defend him. He talked to the judges and said, \"Look, this ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/74696/file/160611#t=3900.0,3930.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/74696/file/160611/transcript/38287/annotation/132","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"guy\nserved his country. He didn't realize what it was like in the Deep South. You\nknow, just, you want to feel like you got to slap him on the hand for it. Do it.\nBut let's not make this justice unjust.\" And he couldn't do anything about it. I\nthink this guy got something like four or five years for doing this. He was so\nhorrified at his ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/74696/file/160611#t=3930.0,3960.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/74696/file/160611/transcript/38287/annotation/133","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"inability to be able to do something about it, that it was a\nhuge catalyst in addition to the Second World War that made him say, \"No more.\"\nHis sense of justice just sort of, I mean, at the dinner table, he sat, mother\nsat at one end, daddy sat at the other, but I sat right by my father to his left\nhand. My brother sat across from my sister, my sister sat next to my ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/74696/file/160611#t=3960.0,3990.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/74696/file/160611/transcript/38287/annotation/134","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"mother and\nmy brother sat across from us. But I sat right next to my father and hung on\nevery word because he was always my hero. It isn't that I love my father more\nthan my mother. It's just that he resonated more with me. I think in my soul,\nI'm less of a dilettante than my mother, you know. But she knew how to live\ngraciously, and I don't suppose I would ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/74696/file/160611#t=3990.0,4020.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/74696/file/160611/transcript/38287/annotation/135","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"mind living somewhat like she did\nsometimes, but that was a big force for him. He was horrified that he loved the\nlaw and he believed in the law, and the law didn't mete out justice.\n\nBERMAN: Did he ever think of leaving the South because of that incident?\n\nCOHN: Never. He loves Columbus, Georgia, better than anything in the world.\nThat's his home. He's so proud of it. He's so proud of the progress ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/74696/file/160611#t=4020.0,4050.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/74696/file/160611/transcript/38287/annotation/136","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"he makes. He\nsays, \"Boy, we've really grown. We got 30,000 new troops coming into Columbus.\"\nOne time, we love barbecue, my whole family loves barbecue, he said, \"Boy,\" he\nsaid, \"We really in the big time now. Smokey Pig now has a drive-in window.\" But\nno, never. He believes that you make change by staying where you are, and you\nwork for the good. He always has quoted that passage from the Bible, where it\nsays, \"What does ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/74696/file/160611#t=4050.0,4080.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/74696/file/160611/transcript/38287/annotation/137","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"God require of you? Only to do justly, to love mercy and to\nwalk humbly with your God.\" That's the way I was raised.\n\nBERMAN: Gail I think on that note, we can end this interview because that's a\nwonderful way to end it. You were fantastic, and I appreciate you participating\nin this project.\n\nCOHN: Well, I appreciate you asking me. It's truly my pleasure.\n\nBERMAN: Thank you.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/74696/file/160611#t=4080.0,4110.0"}]},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/74696/file/160611/annotation_set/759","type":"AnnotationPage","label":{"en":["Annotations [Transcript]"]},"items":[{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/74696/file/160611/annotation_set/759/annotation/138","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eGail Cohn earned a Bachelor of Science degree in Education from the University of Georgia in 1965 and a Master of Science in Human Resource Management from National Louis University in 1995. Gail has completed a number of mediation training and human resource development courses as well as facilitation certificates. \u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/74696/file/160611#t=0.0,30.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/74696/file/160611/annotation_set/759/annotation/139","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe Esther and Herbert Taylor Family Foundation supports The Esther and Herbert Taylor Oral History Collection at the Cuba Family Archives for Southern Jewish History at the Breman Museum in Atlanta, which consists of a thousand oral histories that document Jewish life in Georgia and Alabama. The Foundation was founded in 1983 and is administered by the Jewish Federation of Greater Atlanta.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/74696/file/160611#t=0.0,30.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/74696/file/160611/annotation_set/759/annotation/140","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe William Breman Jewish Heritage Museum in Atlanta celebrates and commemorates Jewish history, culture, and art through events and museum spaces. The Breman also contains the Cuba Family Archives for Southern Jewish History, which houses thousands of manuscripts, oral histories, and photograph collections, related to southern Jewish history and the Holocaust.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/74696/file/160611#t=0.0,30.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/74696/file/160611/annotation_set/759/annotation/141","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eJudge Aaron Cohn (19106-2012) was born and raised in Columbus, Georgia. Judge Cohn volunteered for the U.S. Army in 1940, and his unit liberated Ebansee concentration camp in Austria. After leaving the Army in 1946, Judge Cohn resumed his law practice. Judge Cohn served as a Juvenile Court Judge in Columbus, Georgia from 1965-2011. He retired in 2011 at the age of 95 as the longest serving Juvenile Court Justice in the United States. \u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/74696/file/160611#t=30.0,60.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/74696/file/160611/annotation_set/759/annotation/142","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eJanet Ann Lilienthal Cohn was born in 1921 in Selma, Alabama. Her parents owned and operated the Kaiser-Lilienthal clothing store, a staple of downtown Columbus fashion for fifty years. Janet Ann spent her life raising her family and supporting various charitable and philanthropic causes throughout the Columbus community. \u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/74696/file/160611#t=30.0,60.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/74696/file/160611/annotation_set/759/annotation/143","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eAugusta is a city in Georgia, near the South Carolina border.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/74696/file/160611#t=30.0,60.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/74696/file/160611/annotation_set/759/annotation/144","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eWorld War II (abbreviated WWII or WW2) was a global war involving fighting in most of the world and most countries. Most countries fought in the years 1939–1945 but some started fighting in 1937. Most of the world's countries, including all the great powers, fought as part of two military alliances: the Allies and the Axis Powers. World War II was the largest and deadliest conflict in all of history. It involved more countries, cost more money, involved more people, and killed more people than any other war in history. Between 50 to 85 million people died. The majority were civilians. It included massacres, the deliberate genocide of the Holocaust, strategic bombing, starvation, disease, and the only use of nuclear weapons against civilians in history.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/74696/file/160611#t=30.0,60.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/74696/file/160611/annotation_set/759/annotation/145","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eFort Gordon, formerly known as Camp Gordon, is a United States Army installation established in October 1941. It is currently the home of the United States Army Signal Corps, United States Army Cyber Command, and the Cyber Center of Excellence.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/74696/file/160611#t=30.0,60.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/74696/file/160611/annotation_set/759/annotation/146","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eDr. Robert B. Greenblatt was a physician, medical researcher, and scholar at the Medical College of Georgia in Augusta. At MCG, Dr. Greenblatt pioneered endocrinology as an independent discipline and from 1946-1972 served as professor and chair of the school’s department of endocrinology, the first such academic department in the United States.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/74696/file/160611#t=30.0,60.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/74696/file/160611/annotation_set/759/annotation/147","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eSelma is a city in and the county seat of Dallas County, in the Black Belt region of south-central Alabama and extending to the west.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/74696/file/160611#t=60.0,90.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/74696/file/160611/annotation_set/759/annotation/148","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eColumbus is a city in western Georgia.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/74696/file/160611#t=60.0,90.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/74696/file/160611/annotation_set/759/annotation/149","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eFort Leavenworth is a United States Army installation located in Leavenworth County, Kansas, in the city of Leavenworth, Kansas. Built in 1827, it is the second oldest active United States Army post west of Washington, D.C., and the oldest permanent settlement in Kansas.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/74696/file/160611#t=60.0,90.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/74696/file/160611/annotation_set/759/annotation/150","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eBaltimore is a major city in Maryland with a long history as an important seaport.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/74696/file/160611#t=90.0,120.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/74696/file/160611/annotation_set/759/annotation/151","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eKayser-Lilienthal was a “ready-to-wear” department clothing store that opened at 1109 Broadway in Columbus, Georgia in August 1923. The store advertised itself as “The Shop of Original Styles,” and sold ready-to-wear clothing, furs, and women’s shoes with the Kayser-Lilienthal logo stamped or labeled on items. The store closed in 1974, shortly after the death of Leslie Lilienthal in 1973.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/74696/file/160611#t=120.0,150.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/74696/file/160611/annotation_set/759/annotation/152","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe Edmund Pettus Bridge caries U.S. Route 80 Business across the Alabama River in Selma, Alabama. Built in 1940, it is named after Edmund Pettus, a former Confederate brigadier general, U.S. senator, and state-level leader of the Alabama Ku Klux Klan. The bridge is now a National Historic Landmark and was the site of the Bloody Sunday beatings of civil rights marchers during the first march for voting rights. \u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/74696/file/160611#t=150.0,180.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/74696/file/160611/annotation_set/759/annotation/153","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eCharleston is the South Carolina port city founded in 1670 and is defined by its cobblestone streets, horse-drawn carriages, and pastel antebellum houses. \u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/74696/file/160611#t=180.0,210.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/74696/file/160611/annotation_set/759/annotation/154","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003e“Our Crowd:” The Great Jewish Families of New York \u003c/em\u003eis a history book by American writer Stephen Birmingham. The book documents the lives of prominent New York Jewish families of the 19th century.  \u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/74696/file/160611#t=180.0,210.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/74696/file/160611/annotation_set/759/annotation/155","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe Mason-Dixon line, also called the Mason and Dixon line, is a demarcation line separating four U.S. states, forming part of the borders of Pennsylvania, Maryland, Delaware, and West Virginia. Historically, it came to be seen as demarcating the North from the South in the U.S.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/74696/file/160611#t=210.0,240.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/74696/file/160611/annotation_set/759/annotation/156","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eAlsace-Lorraine is a historical region, now called Alsace-Moselle, located in France. It was created in 1871 by the German Empire after seizing the region from the Second French Empire in the Franco-Prussian War and Treaty of Frankfurt.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/74696/file/160611#t=210.0,240.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/74696/file/160611/annotation_set/759/annotation/157","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eAntisemitism is prejudice against, hostility to, or hatred of Jews.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/74696/file/160611#t=240.0,270.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/74696/file/160611/annotation_set/759/annotation/158","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe siege of Vicksburg (May 18-July 4, 1863) was the final major military action in the Vicksburg campaign of the American Civil War. \u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/74696/file/160611#t=300.0,330.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/74696/file/160611/annotation_set/759/annotation/159","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe American Civil War was a civil war in the United States between the Confederacy and the Union. The central cause of the war was the status of slavery, especially the expansion of slavery into territories acquired as a result of the Louisiana Purchase and the Mexican-American War. \u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/74696/file/160611#t=300.0,330.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/74696/file/160611/annotation_set/759/annotation/160","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eLeslie H. Lilienthal (1895-1973) was born in Selma, Alabama. Leslie dropped out of school in 1913 and went to work for the Kayser Store. By 1920, he was working as the assistant manager of the Rothchild Mercantile Company which sold ladies ready to wear and millinery. Leslie later went on to be the president of Kayser-Lilienthal, a department store that sold women’s clothing, furs, and women’s shoes. \u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/74696/file/160611#t=300.0,330.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/74696/file/160611/annotation_set/759/annotation/161","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe Confederate States of America, commonly referred to as the Confederate States, Dixie, or the Confederacy, was an unrecognized breakaway republic in North America that existed from February 8, 1861, to May 9, 1865.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/74696/file/160611#t=300.0,330.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/74696/file/160611/annotation_set/759/annotation/162","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eKyiv or Kiev is the capital and most populous city of Ukraine. \u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/74696/file/160611#t=450.0,480.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/74696/file/160611/annotation_set/759/annotation/163","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe Russo-Japanese War was fought between the Empire of Japan and the Russian Empire during 1904 and 1905 over rival imperial ambitions in Manchuria and the Korean Empire.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/74696/file/160611#t=450.0,480.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/74696/file/160611/annotation_set/759/annotation/164","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe Cossacks are a predominately East Slavic Orthodox Christian people group originating in the steppes of Ukraine and Russia. \u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/74696/file/160611#t=540.0,570.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/74696/file/160611/annotation_set/759/annotation/165","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eLatvia is a country on the Baltic Sea between Lithuania and Estonia. Its landscape is marked by wide beaches as well as dense, sprawling forests. Latvia’s capital is Riga.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/74696/file/160611#t=570.0,600.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/74696/file/160611/annotation_set/759/annotation/166","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eLithuania, officially the Republic of Lithuania, is a country in the Baltic region of Europe. It is one of three Baltic states and lies on the eastern shore of the Baltic Sea.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/74696/file/160611#t=570.0,600.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/74696/file/160611/annotation_set/759/annotation/167","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe Second Boer War, also known as the Boer War, the Anglo-Boer War, or the South African War, was a conflict fought between the British Empire and the two Boer Republics over the Empire’s influence in Southern Africa from 1899 to 1902.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/74696/file/160611#t=570.0,600.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/74696/file/160611/annotation_set/759/annotation/168","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe historic city of Cripple Creek is the Statutory City that is the county sear of Teller County, Colorado. Cripple Creek is a former gold mining camp located 20 miles southwest of Colorado Springs. \u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/74696/file/160611#t=570.0,600.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/74696/file/160611/annotation_set/759/annotation/169","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eKashrut \u003c/em\u003eis a set of dietary laws dealing with the foods that Jews are permitted to eat and how those foods must be prepared according to Jewish law. Food that may be consumed is deemed kosher, from the Ashkenazi pronunciation of the Hebrew term \u003cem\u003ekashér\u003c/em\u003e, meaning \"fit\" (in this context, \"fit for consumption\"). In colloquial English, kosher often means \"legitimate,\" \"acceptable,\" \"permissible,\" \"genuine,\" or \"authentic.\" \u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/74696/file/160611#t=840.0,870.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/74696/file/160611/annotation_set/759/annotation/170","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eA \u003cem\u003echuppah \u003c/em\u003eis a canopy under which a Jewish couple stand during their wedding ceremony. It consists of a cloth or sheet, sometimes a \u003cem\u003etallit\u003c/em\u003e, stretched or supported over four poles, or sometimes manually held up by attendants of the ceremony. \u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/74696/file/160611#t=840.0,870.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/74696/file/160611/annotation_set/759/annotation/171","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eReform Judaism is a division within Judaism, especially in North America and the United Kingdom. Historically it began in the 19th century. In general, the Reform movement maintains that Judaism and Jewish traditions should be modernized and compatible with participation in Western culture. While the \u003cem\u003eTorah \u003c/em\u003eremains the law, in Reform Judaism women are included (mixed seating, \u003cem\u003ebat mitzvah\u003c/em\u003e, and women rabbis), instrumental music is allowed in the services, and most of the service is in the local language as opposed to Hebrew. \u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/74696/file/160611#t=840.0,870.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/74696/file/160611/annotation_set/759/annotation/172","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eIntermarriage is the marriage between people of different races, castes, or religions. \u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/74696/file/160611#t=840.0,870.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/74696/file/160611/annotation_set/759/annotation/173","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eTemple Israel is the second oldest Jewish congregation in Georgia. Founded in 1854 as Temple B’nai Israel, it remains affiliated with Reform Judaism. As of 2022, the Temple Israel community has around 150 members. \u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/74696/file/160611#t=990.0,1020.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/74696/file/160611/annotation_set/759/annotation/174","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eA \u003cem\u003ebar mitzvah \u003c/em\u003e[Hebrew: son of commandments; plural: b’nai mitzvah] is a rite of passage for Jewish boys aged 13 years and one day. At that time, a Jewish boy is considered a responsible adult for most religious purposes. He is now duty-bound to keep the commandments, he puts on \u003cem\u003etefillin\u003c/em\u003e, and may be counted to the \u003cem\u003eminyan \u003c/em\u003equorum for public worship. He celebrates the \u003cem\u003ebar mitzvah \u003c/em\u003eby being called up to the reading of the \u003cem\u003eTorah \u003c/em\u003ein the synagogue, usually on the next available Sabbath after his Hebrew birthday. \u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/74696/file/160611#t=990.0,1020.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/74696/file/160611/annotation_set/759/annotation/175","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eA \u003cem\u003ebris\u003c/em\u003e, formally known as the “\u003cem\u003ebrit milah\u003c/em\u003e” [Hebrew: Covenant of Circumcision] involves surgically removing the foreskin of the penis. Circumcision is performed only on males on the eighth day of the child's life. The \u003cem\u003ebrit milah\u003c/em\u003e is usually followed by a celebratory meal. It is a tradition that dates back the biblical patriarch Abraham. For Jews, circumcision is a sign of the Jewish people’s covenant with G-d. Even during the Holocaust, Jews tried to observe this practice. Because non-Jews in continental Europe generally were not circumcised, German and collaborationist police commonly checked males apprehended in raids. For boys attempting to hide their Jewish identity, using a public restroom or participating in sports could lead to their discovery. \u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/74696/file/160611#t=1020.0,1050.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/74696/file/160611/annotation_set/759/annotation/176","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eHebrew for “daughter of commandments.” A rite of passage for Jewish girls aged 12 years and one day according to her Hebrew birthday. Many girls have their\u003cem\u003e bat mitzvah\u003c/em\u003e around age 13, the same as boys who have their \u003cem\u003ebar mitzvah\u003c/em\u003e at that age. The \u003cem\u003ebat mitzvah\u003c/em\u003e girl is now duty bound to keep the commandments. Synagogue ceremonies are held for \u003cem\u003ebat mitzvah\u003c/em\u003e girls in Reform and Conservative communities, but it has not won the approval of Orthodox rabbis.  \u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/74696/file/160611#t=1020.0,1050.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/74696/file/160611/annotation_set/759/annotation/177","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eConfirmation is a coming-of-age ritual that originated in the Reform movement, which scorned the idea that at 13 years of age a child was an adult. They replaced \u003cem\u003ebar \u003c/em\u003eand \u003cem\u003ebat mitzvah\u003c/em\u003e with a confirmation ceremony at about age 16 to 18. In some Conservative synagogues the confirmation concept has been adopted as a way to continue and child’s Jewish education and involvement for a few more years. \u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/74696/file/160611#t=1020.0,1050.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/74696/file/160611/annotation_set/759/annotation/178","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eEcumenical means representing a number of different Christian Churches.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/74696/file/160611#t=1080.0,1110.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/74696/file/160611/annotation_set/759/annotation/179","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe American Civil Rights Movement encompasses social movements in the United States whose goal was to end racial segregation and discrimination against Black Americans and enforce constitutional voting rights to them. The movement was characterized by major campaigns of civil resistance. Between 1955 and 1968, acts of nonviolent protest and civil disobedience produced crisis situations between activists and government authorities. Noted legislative achievements during this phase of the Civil Rights Movement were passage of the Civil Rights Act of 1964, the Voting Rights Act of 1965, the Immigration and Nationality Services Act of 1965, and the Fair Housing Act of 1968.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/74696/file/160611#t=1080.0,1110.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/74696/file/160611/annotation_set/759/annotation/180","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eFounded in 1912 by Juliette Gordon Lowe, Girl Scouts of the United States of America is a youth organization that aims to empower girls and help teach values such as honesty, fairness, courage, compassion, character, and citizenship through various activities. Membership is organized by grade level.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/74696/file/160611#t=1140.0,1170.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/74696/file/160611/annotation_set/759/annotation/181","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eBrownie Gril Scouts are in second and third grades, around ages 7-9, and ear triangular shaped Brownie Leadership Journey Awards and National Proficiency Badges in the Girl Scouts of America organization.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/74696/file/160611#t=1140.0,1170.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/74696/file/160611/annotation_set/759/annotation/182","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eKirven’s Department Store was founded by J. Albert Kirven in August 1876 and provided a wide array of goods to the people of Columbus, Georgia for 111 years before it closed in 1987.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/74696/file/160611#t=1200.0,1230.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/74696/file/160611/annotation_set/759/annotation/183","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eRich's was a department store retail chain, headquartered in Atlanta, Georgia, which operated in the southern U.S. from 1867 until March 6, 2005 when the nameplate was eliminated and replaced by Macy's. It was founded by Hungarian Jewish immigrant Morris Rich (born Mauritius Reich) in Atlanta in 1867 as \"M. Rich \u0026amp; Co. Dry Goods\" Many of the former Rich's stores today form the core of Macy's Central, an Atlanta-based division of Macy's, Inc., which formerly operated as Federated Department Stores, Inc.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/74696/file/160611#t=1200.0,1230.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/74696/file/160611/annotation_set/759/annotation/184","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eRich’s Magnolia Room was a tearoom in the department store known as a ladies’ lunch spot, and was the site of bridal showers, luncheons, and fashion shows. In the fall of 1960, The Magnolia Room became the epicenter of Atlanta’s Civil Rights struggle.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/74696/file/160611#t=1200.0,1230.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/74696/file/160611/annotation_set/759/annotation/185","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe BBG sisterhood is BBYO’s sorority for high school girls that helps them develop leadership skills, strengthen their Jewish identity, and form lasting relationships among supportive young women. \u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/74696/file/160611#t=1290.0,1320.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/74696/file/160611/annotation_set/759/annotation/186","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eAleph Zadik Aleph (AZA) is an international youth-led fraternal organization for Jewish teenage boys. Its sister organization for teenage girls is B'nai B'rith Girls (BBG). B'nai B'rith Youth Organization, now BBYO, is an umbrella organization including Jewish teens in both AZA and BBG.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/74696/file/160611#t=1290.0,1320.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/74696/file/160611/annotation_set/759/annotation/187","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe Country Club of Columbus was established in 1909 by local citizens who shared a fondness for golf. The club has a golf course designed by Donald Ross and also has a tennis facility and clubhouse.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/74696/file/160611#t=1320.0,1350.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/74696/file/160611/annotation_set/759/annotation/188","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eJunior Leagues are educational and charitable women’s organizations aimed at improving their communities through voluntarism and building their members’ civil leadership skills through training. It is an international organization with 293 different chapters.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/74696/file/160611#t=1320.0,1350.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/74696/file/160611/annotation_set/759/annotation/189","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eIn the United States, White Anglo-Saxon Protestants or WASPs are the white, upper-class, American Protestant elite, typically of British Descent.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/74696/file/160611#t=1320.0,1350.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/74696/file/160611/annotation_set/759/annotation/190","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eRacial segregation is the systematic separation of people into racial or other ethnic groups in daily life. Segregation can involve the spatial separation of the races, and mandatory use of different institutions, such as schools and hospitals, by people of different races. Specifically, it may be applied to activities such as eating in restaurants, drinking from water fountains, using public toilets, attending schools, going to movies, riding buses, renting or purchasing homes or renting hotel rooms.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/74696/file/160611#t=1350.0,1380.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/74696/file/160611/annotation_set/759/annotation/191","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eIntegration includes desegregation. In addition to desegregation, integration includes goals such as leveling barriers to association, creating equal opportunity regardless of race, and the development of a culture that draws on diverse traditions, rather than merely bringing a racial minority into the majority culture. Desegregation is largely a legal matter whereas integration is largely a social one.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/74696/file/160611#t=1380.0,1410.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/74696/file/160611/annotation_set/759/annotation/192","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eA debutante ball, sometimes called a coming-out party, is a formal ball that includes presenting debutantes during the season, usually during the spring or summer. Debutante balls may require prior instruction in social etiquette and appropriate morals. \u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/74696/file/160611#t=1530.0,1560.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/74696/file/160611/annotation_set/759/annotation/193","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe Standard Club is a Jewish social club that started as the “Concordia Association” in 1867 in Downtown Atlanta. In 1905, it was reorganized as the “Standard Club” and moved into the former mansion of William C. Sanders near the site of Center Parc Credit Union Stadium (formerly Turner Field). In the late 1920s the club moved to Ponce de Leon Avenue in Midtown Atlanta. Later, the club moved to what is now the Lenox Park business park and was located there until 1983. In the 1980s, the club moved to its present location in Johns Creek in Atlanta’s northern suburbs.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/74696/file/160611#t=1620.0,1650.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/74696/file/160611/annotation_set/759/annotation/194","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eAlso known as Masorti Judaism, Conservative Judaism is a form of Judaism that seeks to preserve Jewish tradition and ritual, but has a more flexible approach to the interpretation of the law than Orthodox Judaism. It attempts to combine a positive attitude toward modern culture, while preserving a commitment to Jewish observance. In general, Conservative congregations also observe gender equality (mixed seating, women rabbis, and \u003cem\u003ebat mitzvah\u003c/em\u003e). The governing body for Conservative Judaism in the United States is the United Synagogue of Conservative Judaism (USCJ), formerly known as the United Synagogue of America.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/74696/file/160611#t=1620.0,1650.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/74696/file/160611/annotation_set/759/annotation/195","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eIn 1870, Columbus Jews founded a Jewish social organization called “Columbus Concordia” which later came to be known as the “Harmony Club.” According to its minutes, the organization was created to alleviate the “monotonous evenings and Sundays in this city.” The group rented a room and purchased twelve decks of playing cards, two sets of dominoes, one checkerboard, and five boxes of cigars. A purely social organization, the Harmony Club remained active for more than a century. Local Jews provided entertainment programs for soldiers from Fort Benning, including parties at the Harmony Club. \u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/74696/file/160611#t=1620.0,1650.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/74696/file/160611/annotation_set/759/annotation/196","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eReform Judaism is a division within Judaism, especially in North America and the United Kingdom. Historically it began in the 19th century. In general, the Reform movement maintains that Judaism and Jewish traditions should be modernized and compatible with participation in Western culture. While the \u003cem\u003eTorah \u003c/em\u003eremains the law, in Reform Judaism women are included (mixed seating, \u003cem\u003ebat mitzvah\u003c/em\u003e, and women rabbis), instrumental music is allowed in the services, and most of the service is in the local language as opposed to Hebrew. \u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/74696/file/160611#t=1650.0,1680.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/74696/file/160611/annotation_set/759/annotation/197","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eColumbus High School is a public high school located in Columbus, Georgia. It serves as one of the Muscogee County School District’s liberal arts magnet schools. CHS opened in 1890.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/74696/file/160611#t=1980.0,2010.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/74696/file/160611/annotation_set/759/annotation/198","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eHardaway High School is located in Columbus, Georgia. It is one of 221 schools in the state to offer the International Baccalaureate Diploma Programme and International Baccalaureate Career-related Certificate. \u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/74696/file/160611#t=1980.0,2010.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/74696/file/160611/annotation_set/759/annotation/199","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe National Association for the Advancement of Colored People (NAACP) is an African-American civil rights organization in the United States. It was formed in 1909 and its mission is “to ensure the political, educational, social, and economic equality of rights of all persons and to eliminate racial hatred and racial discrimination.”\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/74696/file/160611#t=2070.0,2100.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/74696/file/160611/annotation_set/759/annotation/200","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe Supremes were an American female singing group and a premier act of Motown Records during the 1960s.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/74696/file/160611#t=2190.0,2220.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/74696/file/160611/annotation_set/759/annotation/201","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003e“The Ed Sullivan Show” is TV’s longest-running variety show. It ran on Saturday nights for 23 years. The show’s host, Ed Sullivan, had been a syndicated newspaper columnist who hosted two radio shows before agreeing to try television. Called “Toast of the Town” until 1955, “The Ed Sullivan Show” featured the TV debuts of artists such as Irving Berlin, Hedy Lamarr, Walt Disney, and Fred Astaire and Jane Powell.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/74696/file/160611#t=2190.0,2220.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/74696/file/160611/annotation_set/759/annotation/202","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eBrown v. Board of Education of Topeka (1954) was a landmark decision of the United States Supreme Court that declared state laws establishing separate public schools for Black and white students unconstitutional. The ruling paved the way for integration and the civil rights movement.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/74696/file/160611#t=2250.0,2280.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/74696/file/160611/annotation_set/759/annotation/203","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eSomething or someone that one vehemently dislikes.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/74696/file/160611#t=2400.0,2430.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/74696/file/160611/annotation_set/759/annotation/204","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe Anti-Defamation League (ADL) was founded in 1913 “to stop the defamation of the Jewish people and to secure justice and fair treatment to all.” ADL fights antisemitism and all forms of bigotry, defends democratic ideals, and protects civil rights.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/74696/file/160611#t=2550.0,2580.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/74696/file/160611/annotation_set/759/annotation/205","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eWhite Citizens’ Council (WCC) was an American white supremacist organization formed on July 11, 1954. After 1956, it was known as the Citizens’ Councils of America. It had about 60,000 members, mostly in the South, and was opposed to racial integration during the 1950s and 1960s when it retaliated with economic boycotts and strong intimidation against Black activists, including depriving them of jobs. 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A native of Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, he forged close relationships with the city’s Christian clergy and distinguished himself as a charismatic spokesperson for civil rights.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/74696/file/160611#t=2610.0,2640.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/74696/file/160611/annotation_set/759/annotation/208","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eAlan Morton Dershowitz is an American lawyer known for his work in U.S. constitutional law and American criminal law. From 1964 to 2013 he taught at Harvard Law School, where he was appointed the Felix Frankfurter Professor of Law in 1993.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/74696/file/160611#t=2670.0,2700.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/74696/file/160611/annotation_set/759/annotation/209","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eShanda \u003c/em\u003eis Yiddish for shame or disgrace. \u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/74696/file/160611#t=2670.0,2700.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/74696/file/160611/annotation_set/759/annotation/210","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eGoy \u003c/em\u003e(plural: \u003cem\u003egoyim\u003c/em\u003e) is a Yiddish term meaning “people” or “nation.” In common usage, it designates a non-Jewish or Gentile person. The word \"\u003cem\u003egoyishe\u003c/em\u003e\" would be used as an adjective to describe something non-Jewish. The word is sometimes used in a pejorative sense, but can also be neutral. \u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/74696/file/160611#t=2670.0,2700.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/74696/file/160611/annotation_set/759/annotation/211","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eMatzo\u003c/em\u003e, or \u003cem\u003ematzah\u003c/em\u003e, is an unleavened flatbread that is part of Jewish cuisine and forms an integral element of the Passover festival. \u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/74696/file/160611#t=3000.0,3030.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/74696/file/160611/annotation_set/759/annotation/212","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eHebrew: \u003cem\u003ePesach\u003c/em\u003e. The celebration of Israel’s liberation from Egyptian bondage. The holiday lasts for eight days. Unleavened bread, \u003cem\u003ematzo\u003c/em\u003e, is eaten in memory of the unleavened bread prepared by the Israelites during their hasty flight from Egypt, when they had not time to wait for the dough to rise. On the first two nights of Passover, the \u003cem\u003eseder\u003c/em\u003e, the central event of the holiday, is celebrated. \u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/74696/file/160611#t=3000.0,3030.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/74696/file/160611/annotation_set/759/annotation/213","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eA \u003cem\u003eshiksa \u003c/em\u003eis a non-Jewish girl or woman or a Jewish girl who does not observe Jewish precepts. 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Over the last three decades, Communicorp has transformed into a full-service Marketing Solutions Provider for major brands and leading corporations. \u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/74696/file/160611#t=3060.0,3090.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/74696/file/160611/annotation_set/759/annotation/215","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eHadassah, the Women’s Zionist Organization of America, is a volunteer service organization founded in 1912 by Henrietta Szold. It currently has over 300,000 members and supporters worldwide.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/74696/file/160611#t=3060.0,3090.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/74696/file/160611/annotation_set/759/annotation/216","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eZionism is a movement which supports a Jewish national state in the territory defined as the Land of Israel. Although Zionism existed before the nineteenth century, in the 1890s Theodor Herzl popularized it and gave it a new urgency, as he believed that Jewish life in Europe was threatened and a State of Israel was needed. The State of Israel was established in 1948 and Zionism today is expressed as support for the continued existence of Israel.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/74696/file/160611#t=3120.0,3150.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/74696/file/160611/annotation_set/759/annotation/217","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eUnited Synagogue Youth is a youth movement of the United Synagogue of Conservative Judaism. It was founded in 1951, under the auspices of the Youth Commission of what was then the United Synagogue of America. USY operates in the United States and Canada, with 350 chapters across 15 regions.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/74696/file/160611#t=3150.0,3180.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/74696/file/160611/annotation_set/759/annotation/218","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eShearith Israel Synagogue was founded in 1892 in Columbus, Georgia, by approximately 15 Jewish families of Eastern European origin. \u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/74696/file/160611#t=3210.0,3240.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/74696/file/160611/annotation_set/759/annotation/219","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eColumbus State University is a public university in Columbus, Georgia. Founded as Columbus College in 1958, the university was established and is administered by the Board of Regents of the University System of Georgia.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/74696/file/160611#t=3570.0,3600.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/74696/file/160611/annotation_set/759/annotation/220","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe Jewish Federation of Greater Atlanta raises funds, which are dispersed throughout the Jewish community. Services also include caring for Jews in need locally and around the world, community outreach, leadership development, and educational opportunities. It is an affiliate of the Jewish Federations of North America (JFNA).\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/74696/file/160611#t=3600.0,3630.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/74696/file/160611/annotation_set/759/annotation/221","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eDavid I. Sarnat (1942- ) was hired to be executive director of the Jewish Federation of Greater Atlanta in 1978. He succeeded Max C. (Mike) Gettinger who retired. Sarnat was the third director of the Federation and served until 2000. He was also the United States Representative to the Federation System for the Jewish Agency for Israel. Sarnat developed the Jewish Community Legacy Project (JCLP) to preserve the history, artifacts, and accomplishments of generations of Jews in communities where the population is eroding and is president of the organization. Before coming to Atlanta, Sarnat was the Director for Planning at the Cleveland Jewish Community Federation.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/74696/file/160611#t=3630.0,3660.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/74696/file/160611/annotation_set/759/annotation/222","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe Ku Klux Klan (or “Knights of the Ku Klux Klan” today) is a white supremacist, white nationalist, anti-immigration, anti-Jewish, anti-Catholic, anti-Black secret society, whose methods have included terrorism and murder. It was founded in the South in the 1860s and then died out and come back several times, most notably in the 1920s when membership soared again, and then again in the 1960s during the civil rights era. When the Klan was re-founded in 1915 in Georgia, the event was marked by a cross burning on Stone Mountain. In the past it members dressed up in white robes and a pointed hat designed to hide their identity and to terrify. It is still in existence.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/74696/file/160611#t=3810.0,3840.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/74696/file/160611/annotation_set/759/annotation/223","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eFort Benning is a United States Army post straddling the Alabama-Georgia border next to Columbus, Georgia. Fort Benning supports more than 120,000 active-duty military, family members, reserve component soldiers, retirees, and civilian employees on a daily basis.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/74696/file/160611#t=3870.0,3900.0"}]},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/74696/file/160611/index/51720","type":"AnnotationPage","label":{"en":["Cohn, Gail [Index]"]},"items":[{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/74696/file/160611/index/51720/annotation/224","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Gail's Background and Family History","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Title"]}}],"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/74696/file/160611#t=22.0,791.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/74696/file/160611/index/51720/annotation/225","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I want to begin by asking you a couple of background questions. When you were born, where you were born and your parents' names.","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Partial Transcript"]}}],"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/74696/file/160611#t=22.0,791.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/74696/file/160611/index/51720/annotation/226","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Aaron Cohn","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Alsace-Lorraine","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"American Civil War","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Ann Levy","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Annie Rothschild Lilienthal","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Augusta, Georgia","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Baltimore, Maryland","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Battle of Vicksburg","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Betty Rothschild Caton","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Boer War","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Charleston, South Carolina","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Civil Rights Movement","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Columbus Country Club","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Columbus, Georgia","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Confederacy","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Cripple Creek, Colorado","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Dr. Robert Greenblatt","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Etta Hirsch Cohn","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Fort Gordon","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Fort Leavenworth","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Gail Cohn","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"General Command School","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Harold Cohn","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Henry Lilienthal","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Jacob Rothschild","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Janet Ann Lilienthal Cohn","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Kayser-Lilienthal","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Latvia","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Leslie Lilienthal","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Livestock Business","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Russo-Japanese War","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Ruth Hamburger Gump","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Sam Cohn","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Selma, Alabama","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Sol Cohn","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Sophie Kulbersh","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Stonewall Jackson Lilienthal","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"World War II","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}}],"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/74696/file/160611#t=22.0,791.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/74696/file/160611/index/51720/annotation/227","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Her Parent's Intermarriage and How Their Families Interacted with Each Other","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Title"]}}],"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/74696/file/160611#t=791.0,992.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/74696/file/160611/index/51720/annotation/228","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Was it, the match between your parents. She was from an old German Jewish family, and he was from a Russian family. How did they get together?","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Partial Transcript"]}}],"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/74696/file/160611#t=791.0,992.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/74696/file/160611/index/51720/annotation/229","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Aaron Cohn","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Domestic Help","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"German Jewish","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Intermarriage","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Janet Ann Lilienthal Cohn","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Reform Judaism","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Russian Jewish","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}}],"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/74696/file/160611#t=791.0,992.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/74696/file/160611/index/51720/annotation/230","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Being Dual Congregation Members","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Title"]}}],"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/74696/file/160611#t=992.0,1044.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/74696/file/160611/index/51720/annotation/231","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"What synagogue did you end up? Did the family end up at?","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Partial Transcript"]}}],"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/74696/file/160611#t=992.0,1044.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/74696/file/160611/index/51720/annotation/232","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Bar Mitzvah","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Bris","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Columbus, Georgia","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Dual Congregation Memebrs","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Reform Congregation","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Reform Judaism","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Religious School","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Sunday School","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Temple Israel","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}}],"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/74696/file/160611#t=992.0,1044.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/74696/file/160611/index/51720/annotation/233","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Gail's Siblings","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Title"]}}],"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/74696/file/160611#t=1044.0,1065.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/74696/file/160611/index/51720/annotation/234","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"What are your siblings' names?","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Partial Transcript"]}}],"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/74696/file/160611#t=1044.0,1065.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/74696/file/160611/index/51720/annotation/235","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Columbia, South Carolina","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Columbus, Georgia","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Jane Kulbersh","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Leslie Cohn","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}}],"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/74696/file/160611#t=1044.0,1065.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/74696/file/160611/index/51720/annotation/236","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Growing up in Columbus, Georgia","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Title"]}}],"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/74696/file/160611#t=1065.0,1388.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/74696/file/160611/index/51720/annotation/237","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Let's talk about you a little bit now. We're catching up. 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