{"@context":"http://iiif.io/api/presentation/3/context.json","id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/iiif/1r6n01058v/manifest","type":"Manifest","label":{"en":["Heyman, Josephine Joel"]},"logo":"https://d9jk7wjtjpu5g.cloudfront.net/organizations/logo_images/000/000/082/original/TheBreman_SecondaryMark_Horizontal_Blue_Black.png?1713640889","metadata":[{"label":{"en":["Date"]},"value":{"en":["1989-06-21 (creation)"]}},{"label":{"en":["Format"]},"value":{"en":["Audio"]}},{"label":{"en":["Description"]},"value":{"en":["\u003cp\u003eJosephine Heyman interviewed by Mark Bauman on June 21, 1989, in Atlanta Georgia\u003c/p\u003e (general)","\u003cp\u003eJosephine Joel Heyman (1901-1993) was born on October 15, 1901 in Atlanta, Georgia. She was the daughter of Ella Menko Joel and Benjamin Franklin Joel, both born in Georgia. Her maternal grandparents, Martin Menko and Caroline Oberdorf Menko, and her paternal grandparents, Sophie Lederer Barnett Joel and Lyons Barnett, immigrated to Georgia in the mid-1800’s. Her grandfather Martin Menko was a charter member of The Temple. Her father and uncle Lyons Barnett Joel were the owners of Bass Dry Goods Company, a dry-goods and furniture store. She was a graduate of Tenth Street School and Girls’ High in Atlanta, and Smith College in Northampton, Massachusetts. She was a civic and political leader in Atlanta. She was active with the National Council of Jewish Women and the Association of Southern Women for the Prevention of Lynching, founded the DeKalb County League of Women Voters with Eleonore Raoul Greene, and was one of five women who founded the United Nations Association of the City of Atlanta. Her husband, Herman Heyman, was a partner in the law firm Heyman and Sizemore. She and her husband were the parents of Eleanor Heyman Wittenstein and Arthur Heyman.\u003c/p\u003e (bioghist)","\u003cp\u003eJosephine discusses her childhood and living on 14h Street in Atlanta, Georgia from the age of six years old. She talks about living in a household with: her parents, Ella Menko Joel and Benjamin Franklin Joel; her brothers Benjamin “Ben” Franklin Joel Jr. and Lyons Barnett Joel; her maternal grandmother, Caroline Oberdorf Menko; and her aunt Fannie Menko. She remembers the store owned by her father and his brother Lyons Barnett Joel, Bass Dry Goods Company on Mitchell Street in Atlanta. She talks about attending Tenth Street School, Girls' High School in Atlanta, and Smith College in Northampton, Massachusetts.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eShe describes her family’s generations-long association with The Temple in Atlanta, where she was confirmed after attending Sunday school. She recalls attending Saturday morning services at The Temple on Pryor Street and Richardson Street. She tells about her family’s observances of Rosh Ha-Shanah, Sukkot, and Passover. She talks about having a Christmas tree with presents from Santa Claus as a child, and continuing the custom with her own children. She recalls Rabbi David Marx and his prejudices against Zionism and Orthodox Judaism.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eShe talks about the impact of the Leo M. Frank case on her family and the Jewish community as well as the Temple bombing in 1958.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eJosephine discusses her husband Herman Heyman, a prominent lawyer in Atlanta and a partner in the law firm Heyman and Sizemore. She recalls the firm’s history and other prominent members of the firm, including Morris Abram and Hugh Dorsey, the prosecutor in the trial of Leo Frank. She discusses her husband’s family.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eShe talks about her volunteer activities as a civic and political leader. She recalls her term as president of the Atlanta branch of the National Council of Jewish Women and its role during the Hitler era in helping Jewish refugees to Americanize. She recalls starting the DeKalb County League of Women Voters with Eleonore Raoul Greene. She remembers founding the United Nations Association of the City of Atlanta during the 1940’s with four other women. She mentions her activities with the Association of Southern Women for the Prevention of Lynching.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eJosephine recalls the growth of Metropolitan Atlanta and the development of Atlanta’s art and music institutions. She talks about the series of opera performances in the early 1900’s and the founding of the Atlanta Symphony. She discusses the establishment of the High Museum of Art and its connection to the1962 plane crash in Paris, France.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eShe talks about her relationship with her son and daughter and stresses her pride in her grandchildren. She amusingly relates that one grandchild married a Conservative Jew while another grandchild married an Episcopalian.\u003cbr\u003e \u003cbr\u003e \u003c/p\u003e (scope content)"]}},{"label":{"en":["Source Metadata URI"]},"value":{"en":["https://archivesspace.thebreman.org/repositories/2/archival_objects/28433"]}},{"label":{"en":["Rights Statement"]},"value":{"en":["\u003cp\u003eAll rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, recorded by any information storage and retrieval system, without the express written consent of the William Breman Jewish Heritage Museum.\u003c/p\u003e"]}}],"summary":{"en":["\u003cp\u003eJosephine Heyman interviewed by Mark Bauman on June 21, 1989, in Atlanta Georgia\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eJosephine Joel Heyman (1901-1993) was born on October 15, 1901 in Atlanta, Georgia. She was the daughter of Ella Menko Joel and Benjamin Franklin Joel, both born in Georgia. Her maternal grandparents, Martin Menko and Caroline Oberdorf Menko, and her paternal grandparents, Sophie Lederer Barnett Joel and Lyons Barnett, immigrated to Georgia in the mid-1800’s. Her grandfather Martin Menko was a charter member of The Temple. Her father and uncle Lyons Barnett Joel were the owners of Bass Dry Goods Company, a dry-goods and furniture store. She was a graduate of Tenth Street School and Girls’ High in Atlanta, and Smith College in Northampton, Massachusetts. She was a civic and political leader in Atlanta. She was active with the National Council of Jewish Women and the Association of Southern Women for the Prevention of Lynching, founded the DeKalb County League of Women Voters with Eleonore Raoul Greene, and was one of five women who founded the United Nations Association of the City of Atlanta. Her husband, Herman Heyman, was a partner in the law firm Heyman and Sizemore. She and her husband were the parents of Eleanor Heyman Wittenstein and Arthur Heyman.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eJosephine discusses her childhood and living on 14h Street in Atlanta, Georgia from the age of six years old. She talks about living in a household with: her parents, Ella Menko Joel and Benjamin Franklin Joel; her brothers Benjamin “Ben” Franklin Joel Jr. and Lyons Barnett Joel; her maternal grandmother, Caroline Oberdorf Menko; and her aunt Fannie Menko. She remembers the store owned by her father and his brother Lyons Barnett Joel, Bass Dry Goods Company on Mitchell Street in Atlanta. She talks about attending Tenth Street School, Girls' High School in Atlanta, and Smith College in Northampton, Massachusetts.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eShe describes her family’s generations-long association with The Temple in Atlanta, where she was confirmed after attending Sunday school. She recalls attending Saturday morning services at The Temple on Pryor Street and Richardson Street. She tells about her family’s observances of Rosh Ha-Shanah, Sukkot, and Passover. She talks about having a Christmas tree with presents from Santa Claus as a child, and continuing the custom with her own children. She recalls Rabbi David Marx and his prejudices against Zionism and Orthodox Judaism.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eShe talks about the impact of the Leo M. Frank case on her family and the Jewish community as well as the Temple bombing in 1958.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eJosephine discusses her husband Herman Heyman, a prominent lawyer in Atlanta and a partner in the law firm Heyman and Sizemore. She recalls the firm’s history and other prominent members of the firm, including Morris Abram and Hugh Dorsey, the prosecutor in the trial of Leo Frank. She discusses her husband’s family.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eShe talks about her volunteer activities as a civic and political leader. She recalls her term as president of the Atlanta branch of the National Council of Jewish Women and its role during the Hitler era in helping Jewish refugees to Americanize. She recalls starting the DeKalb County League of Women Voters with Eleonore Raoul Greene. She remembers founding the United Nations Association of the City of Atlanta during the 1940’s with four other women. She mentions her activities with the Association of Southern Women for the Prevention of Lynching.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eJosephine recalls the growth of Metropolitan Atlanta and the development of Atlanta’s art and music institutions. She talks about the series of opera performances in the early 1900’s and the founding of the Atlanta Symphony. She discusses the establishment of the High Museum of Art and its connection to the1962 plane crash in Paris, France.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eShe talks about her relationship with her son and daughter and stresses her pride in her grandchildren. She amusingly relates that one grandchild married a Conservative Jew while another grandchild married an Episcopalian.\u003cbr\u003e \u003cbr\u003e \u003c/p\u003e"]},"requiredStatement":{"label":{"en":["Attribution"]},"value":{"en":["\u003cp\u003eAll rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, recorded by any information storage and retrieval system, without the express written consent of the William Breman Jewish Heritage Museum.\u003c/p\u003e"]}},"provider":[{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/aboutus","type":"Agent","label":{"en":["William Breman Jewish Heritage Museum"]},"homepage":[{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/","type":"Text","label":{"en":["William Breman Jewish Heritage Museum"]},"format":"text/html"}],"logo":[{"id":"https://d9jk7wjtjpu5g.cloudfront.net/organizations/logo_images/000/000/082/original/TheBreman_SecondaryMark_Horizontal_Blue_Black.png?1713640889","type":"Image"}]}],"thumbnail":[{"id":"https://d9jk7wjtjpu5g.cloudfront.net/collection_resource_files/thumbnails/000/110/725/small/HHF_5_012.jpeg?1619273158","type":"Image","format":"image/jpeg"}],"items":[{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39347/file/110725","type":"Canvas","label":{"en":["Media File 1 of 1 - Heyman_Josephine.mp3"]},"duration":5556.87184,"width":640,"height":360,"thumbnail":[{"id":"https://d9jk7wjtjpu5g.cloudfront.net/collection_resource_files/thumbnails/000/110/725/small/HHF_5_012.jpeg?1619273158","type":"Image","format":"image/jpeg"}],"items":[{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39347/file/110725/content/1","type":"AnnotationPage","items":[{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39347/file/110725/content/1/annotation/1","type":"Annotation","motivation":"painting","body":{"id":"https://aviary-p-thebreman.s3.wasabisys.com/collection_resource_files/resource_files/000/110/725/original/Heyman_Josephine.mp3?1615647298","type":"Audio","format":"audio/mp3","duration":5556.87184,"width":640,"height":360},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39347/file/110725","metadata":[]}]}],"annotations":[{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39347/file/110725/transcript/24594","type":"AnnotationPage","label":{"en":["Heyman, Josephine [Transcript]"]},"items":[{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39347/file/110725/transcript/24594/annotation/1","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":" \n\nBAUMAN: This is an interview being conducted on June 26, 1989. The interviewer\nis Dr. Mark Bauman, and the person being interviewed is Mrs. Josephine Joel\nHeyman. Mrs. Heyman, if you would, I'd like you to first start by talking about\nyour mother's family. Tell me first your mother's name, her maiden name, where\nshe came from, and about her family.\n\nHEYMAN: Okay. I have a clipping here of my mother's ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39347/file/110725#t=0.0,30.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39347/file/110725/transcript/24594/annotation/2","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"wedding that was in the\nAtlanta paper. I think my son made several copies. I'll let you see that before\nyou go. My mother was a very beautiful young woman, one of the prettiest women\nin the Jewish community. Her name was Ella Menko, M-E-N-K-O. However, my father\nwas ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39347/file/110725#t=30.0,60.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39347/file/110725/transcript/24594/annotation/3","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"not good-looking. He was a homely man. His name was Benjamin Franklin Joel,\nJ-O-E-L. My grandparents, my grandmothers, lived with us. I think I was about\nseven years old when we moved on 14th Street. We lived on West 14th Street\nbetween Peachtree Street and West Peachtree Street. You've got all ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39347/file/110725#t=60.0,90.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39347/file/110725/transcript/24594/annotation/4","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that.\n\nBAUMAN: Yes.\n\nHEYMAN: Now am I repeating?\n\nBAUMAN: Don't worry about repeating. You just say whatever comes into your mind.\n\nHEYMAN: We lived in two houses on a hill. My father and his brother . . . my\nfather's name, as I said, was Benjamin Franklin Joel. My uncle, who was his\nbrother, was Lyons Barnett Joel. My two grandmothers lived with us. Grandma\nMenko ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39347/file/110725#t=90.0,120.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39347/file/110725/transcript/24594/annotation/5","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"lived with us, and Grandma Joel lived next door with the other brother's\nfamily. They both lived to be quite elderly. At least, I thought it was elderly\nthen. I think one of them died at 78, which I thought was very old. From my\npoint of view now, that's very young. [Interviewee laughing]\n\nBAUMAN: ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39347/file/110725#t=120.0,150.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39347/file/110725/transcript/24594/annotation/6","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Yes.\n\nHEYMAN: My mother had a big family. I don't know how in the world she handled\nit. She had . . .There was my mother and father, and the three children--my two\nbrothers and me--and Auntie who took care of Grandma until Grandma died, which\nwas not until I was about 16 or 17 years old. My father came home for lunch [in]\nthe middle of the ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39347/file/110725#t=150.0,180.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39347/file/110725/transcript/24594/annotation/7","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"day. My mother had to have three meals a day for seven people.\nFortunately, she was able to have servants. In those days, the wages were very\nlow. We had a cook, a maid, and a chauffeur/butler. My father never learned to\ndrive a car, [and] neither did my mother, because ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39347/file/110725#t=180.0,210.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39347/file/110725/transcript/24594/annotation/8","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"automobiles were not as\nprevalent in those days. This man, he butlered, cleaned the house, chauffeured,\nwould bring my father home for lunch, and then go back and get him before\ndinner. I was a very religious child, and my mother and I went to temple every\nSaturday ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39347/file/110725#t=210.0,240.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39347/file/110725/transcript/24594/annotation/9","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"morning. We never missed. The Temple was way across town. The Temple\nwas on, I think, it was Pryor [Street] and Richardson Street. We used to get\nthere with some friends. Then after temple, we would walk down from there to my\nfather's store. He had a store called Bass Dry Goods Company, which ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39347/file/110725#t=240.0,270.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39347/file/110725/transcript/24594/annotation/10","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"was . . . it\nwas somewhat like a basement store would be today, like Rich's basement. They\nsold . . . They had two floors. On the bottom floor, on the first floor, they\nsold piece goods, jewelry, and knick-knacks. On the second floor . . . My father\nwas in charge of the first floor. My uncle was in charge of the second. There\nthey sold lady's ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39347/file/110725#t=270.0,300.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39347/file/110725/transcript/24594/annotation/11","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"ready-to-wear dresses and suits and coats. That is exactly . .\n. It was on Mitchell Street, just exactly where Broad Street stopped. It's all\nbeen cut through there. They cut Broad Street through from Mitchell Street all\nthe way to Whitehall Street. That's where the store was. They had a big sign at\nthe top, Bass. There was a Mr. Bass who they worked ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39347/file/110725#t=300.0,330.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39347/file/110725/transcript/24594/annotation/12","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"for. They bought him out and\nhe moved to Texas.\n\nBAUMAN: Mrs. Heyman, what was it like to live with that many relatives around you?\n\nHEYMAN: As far as I was concerned, it was very pleasant. Grandma Menko was a\ndarling, sweet old lady. She was a young girl when she came over from Germany.\nShe always spoke with an accent. Both my grandmothers ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39347/file/110725#t=330.0,360.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39347/file/110725/transcript/24594/annotation/13","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"did. They spoke English\nperfectly okay, but they had a slight accent. Grandma Menko, who lived with us,\ntaught my brothers and me songs to sing, German songs. She would play the piano.\nHer hands were stiff with rheumatism, and she would still bang, bang, bang on\nthe piano. We would sing songs that she taught ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39347/file/110725#t=360.0,390.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39347/file/110725/transcript/24594/annotation/14","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"us: \"O Tannenbaum,\" and \"Ach Du\nLieber Augustine.\" She was a semi-invalid from the time I remembered, and the\nold maid aunt, her name was Fannie Menko. We all called her Auntie. She took\ncare of Grandma [Caroline Oberdorf Menko]. Grandma had her breakfast in bed\nevery morning. Before we went to ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39347/file/110725#t=390.0,420.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39347/file/110725/transcript/24594/annotation/15","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"school, we would go in and say, \"Good morning\ngrossmutter [German: Grandmother].\" She would say, \"Good morning mein kind\n[German: my child]\". I think I had a very happy childhood. We lived on the top\nof a hill on 14th Street. There were three Jewish families that lived up there.\nWe used to have a wonderful time playing . . . the ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39347/file/110725#t=420.0,450.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39347/file/110725/transcript/24594/annotation/16","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"children. Every night . . .\nthere were big steps. Now, all that hill is gone. They've taken it all down now.\n\nBAUMAN: You said there were three Jewish families. It was you and your aunts and\nuncles, all right . . .\n\nHEYMAN: The Oberdorfers.\n\nBAUMAN: The Oberdorfers. Was there another family?\n\nHEYMAN: Those were the three. Then later, there was a family named [Ralph and\nHarriet] Rosenbaum who built next door. Next to ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39347/file/110725#t=450.0,480.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39347/file/110725/transcript/24594/annotation/17","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that, Armand May's family. The\nname was David Eichberg, E-I-C-H-B-E-R-G. We all had children all about the same\nage. We had lots of fun playing games together.\n\nBAUMAN: You said that's Armand May's family?\n\nHEYMAN: Yes.\n\nBAUMAN: Mrs. Eichberg was Armand May's sister.\n\nHEYMAN: That's right. That's correct. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39347/file/110725#t=480.0,510.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39347/file/110725/transcript/24594/annotation/18","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Then Mrs. [Malvina] Eichberg, her husband\nwas David Eichberg . . . and she was Malvina [Eichberg], and her daughter was\nnamed Rose [Eichberg Schaenen]. Rose and I . . . in fact we still keep up. We\nstill write to each other on our birthdays. We would walk to Tenth Street\nSchool, about six of us. It is not a school any ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39347/file/110725#t=510.0,540.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39347/file/110725/transcript/24594/annotation/19","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"longer. That's where I went to school.\n\nBAUMAN: Let me go backward before we go forward. This close family relationship\n. . . You said you were very religious as a child, and you went to The Temple\nevery Saturday. Was that related in any way with the Menko family, because I\nthink your grandfather [Martin Menko] was one of the ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39347/file/110725#t=540.0,570.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39347/file/110725/transcript/24594/annotation/20","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"founders of The Temple, was\nhe not?\n\nHEYMAN: He died before I was born. No, I don't . . . I don't know. I was\ndisillusioned at a fairly young age. It was silly. Somebody should have told me\nthat you can't ask God to do things and when he doesn't do them, get mad with\nhim. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39347/file/110725#t=570.0,600.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39347/file/110725/transcript/24594/annotation/21","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"We had very unhappy experiences. My first cousin who lived next door was\nkilled in the First World War.\n\nBAUMAN: Lyons Joel?\n\nHEYMAN: That's right. Yoel Lyons Joel. I had prayed to God that he wouldn't die.\nHe died and then my grandmother got sick. Of course she was an old lady. I\nprayed to ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39347/file/110725#t=600.0,630.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39347/file/110725/transcript/24594/annotation/22","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"God that Grandma wouldn't die. She died. I think I pretty much at that\ntime got mad with God. I just said he doesn't answer prayers. Much later on, my\nmother-in-law, my husband's mother, said, \"I don't pray.\" She was a very\nreligious woman, not conforming, not kosher, but very religious. She said, \"I\ntalk to ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39347/file/110725#t=630.0,660.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39347/file/110725/transcript/24594/annotation/23","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"God. I tell him things. I thank him for all of my blessings. I thank him\nfor my husband and my children. I don't ask him to do favors for me.\" That sort\nof gave me another angle.\n\nBAUMAN: In the Jewish setting within The Temple, were you confirmed at The\nTemple? Did you go to Sunday School?\n\nHEYMAN: Oh yes. Oh, if I could find that ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39347/file/110725#t=660.0,690.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39347/file/110725/transcript/24594/annotation/24","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"diary. Confirmation meant so much to\nme. That was another very disillusioning thing. Today they have a confirmation\nand they have a reception at The Temple. In those days, each confirmand had a\nreception at his own home, and people would go from house to house. We served\npunch and cake. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39347/file/110725#t=690.0,720.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39347/file/110725/transcript/24594/annotation/25","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"We children would compare with each other who had the most visitors.\n\nBAUMAN: Is that what was disillusioning about it?\n\nHEYMAN: What?\n\nBAUMAN: Is that what was disillusioning, that you would compare who had the most\nvisitors? What was disillusioning?\n\nHEYMAN: I think those things I've told you. I know another thing. We met with\nDr. Marx once a week in the afternoon, confirmation class. We would ask ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39347/file/110725#t=720.0,750.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39347/file/110725/transcript/24594/annotation/26","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"him,\n\"What happens after death?\" The poor man, he couldn't tell. He's never been\nthere. He did not give us any satisfactory answers. It was ridiculous. As an\nadult, I can understand. In those days, I thought, \"Well.\" We would say to Dr.\nMarx, \"Is there a God?\" He was just totally ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39347/file/110725#t=750.0,780.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39347/file/110725/transcript/24594/annotation/27","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"unsatisfactory. My confirmation, I\nwas really looking forward to it so, with so much real spiritual feeling. Dr.\nMarx' sermon was all giving us the dickens for getting presents, saying that\nconfirmation meant a whole lot more than getting presents. I've got all ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39347/file/110725#t=780.0,810.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39347/file/110725/transcript/24594/annotation/28","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that\nwritten up in my diary. We all had . . . now, it's so sensible. They wear robes.\nIn those days we wore white dresses. Each girl competed with the other ones to\nsee which one had the most beautiful dress. I don't know. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39347/file/110725#t=810.0,840.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39347/file/110725/transcript/24594/annotation/29","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Now what else would\nyou like for me to . . .\n\nBAUMAN: What about your father's family? Tell me about the Joel family.\n\nHEYMAN: My grandmother was married twice. Her first husband was named [Lyons]\nBarnett, and she had two children. My father was one of them. Then shortly, not\ntoo long after ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39347/file/110725#t=840.0,870.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39347/file/110725/transcript/24594/annotation/30","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that, she remarried Barnett's very good friend, whose name was\nYoel Joel. She was Sophie Joel, as I knew her. My father . . . Joel adopted my\nfather. I never knew until I was 50 or 60 years old that there was a ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39347/file/110725#t=870.0,900.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39347/file/110725/transcript/24594/annotation/31","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"half-\nrelationship there. I never knew that they were not my real first cousins. How\nlong do you expect to talk?\n\nBAUMAN: As long as you want. I'm just checking to make sure that the tape\nrecorder doesn't run out of tape.\n\nHEYMAN: I was very devoted to this older cousin. He was five years older than I\nwas. Yoel Hans Lyons ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39347/file/110725#t=900.0,930.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39347/file/110725/transcript/24594/annotation/32","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Joel. He was very patriotic. He couldn't wait to get in the\nwar. I just . . . I thought he was just great. He wanted to go to France. I . .\n. We all hated to see him go to France, but he did.\n\nBAUMAN: Your family was a very German family. Both sides of your family had come\nfrom Germany.\n\nHEYMAN: Yes.\n\nBAUMAN: ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39347/file/110725#t=930.0,960.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39347/file/110725/transcript/24594/annotation/33","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Yet this was a war we were fighting against Germany in.\n\nHEYMAN: Yes.\n\nBAUMAN: Did that pose any problems?\n\nHEYMAN: Yes, that's right. It was very traumatic. We were all for America. As a\nmatter of fact, they all had come over here, but when they were children. We\nhated the Kaiser, and we hated the whole thing. We were all very American. [We]\nhad our flag ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39347/file/110725#t=960.0,990.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39347/file/110725/transcript/24594/annotation/34","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"out. They didn't . . . it was after the Armistice, and they did not\nhear from this young man. He was a lieutenant. [They] didn't hear and didn't\nhear. Finally, they had a letter from a nurse that he was in the hospital. He\nhad been wounded, but thought he would get along all right. My father . . . my\nuncle and aunt, his parents, were waiting on getting permission to go to France.\nIn those days, you ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39347/file/110725#t=990.0,1020.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39347/file/110725/transcript/24594/annotation/35","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"had to go by ship. There was no such thing as a plane. They\nwere in touch with a senator in Washington to get them a pass to go over to\nFrance where he was to see him when they got a telegram saying he had died. It\nwas just a dreadful, miserable, unhappy time. My uncle never really recovered\nfrom it, from the loss of this ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39347/file/110725#t=1020.0,1050.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39347/file/110725/transcript/24594/annotation/36","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"boy. My aunt, that I wasn't as fond of, made a\nbig thing of it. He was buried in a cemetery over there. Later they had . . .\nThe Gold Star Mothers, they called them, were allowed to go over. The United\nStates government sent them over to visit the graves. She ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39347/file/110725#t=1050.0,1080.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39347/file/110725/transcript/24594/annotation/37","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"went. This I always\nthought was a mistake. They were able to disinter their bodies and bring them\nover here. He is now in a crypt at Oakland Cemetery, whatever is left. That's\nawful. I just thought he should have stayed ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39347/file/110725#t=1080.0,1110.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39347/file/110725/transcript/24594/annotation/38","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"there, but . . .\n\nBAUMAN: Your family was involved with a very broad social life. You attended\nmany dances. You played bridge. You went to the Standard Club. Would you\ndescribe that aspect of your life, your social life, as a young woman?\n\nHEYMAN: Yes. Living on 14th Street, we were out of the main stream of Jewish\nlife. Most of the Jewish people lived on Washington Street, Capitol Avenue, and\nPryor ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39347/file/110725#t=1110.0,1140.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39347/file/110725/transcript/24594/annotation/39","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Street. We were way removed. We did join . . . my father joined the\nStandard Club, which was then I think on Washington Street. They went to a ball\nthere once, and I thought my mother was the most beautiful thing I ever saw. She\nactually had a hairdresser. They didn't have beauty parlors then. She had a\nhairdresser come out and fix her ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39347/file/110725#t=1140.0,1170.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39347/file/110725/transcript/24594/annotation/40","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"hair. She said she went to the Standard Club,\nand what does she do? She stood around with all the neighbors on 14th Street.\nWhat was the sense of it? My father never danced. I don't know what they did.\nTheir social life was very different. It was mostly the family up there. One\nthing we did, which since has been interesting. We ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39347/file/110725#t=1170.0,1200.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39347/file/110725/transcript/24594/annotation/41","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"used to go to Marietta,\nGeorgia, in the summer as a resort. Marietta in those days was very small. We\nwent to a boarding house. My father sent my mother and the three children up\nthere to get a rest because she had . . . She was so worn out with this big\nhousehold. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39347/file/110725#t=1200.0,1230.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39347/file/110725/transcript/24594/annotation/42","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"We went to a boarding house. The funny thing I remember is the name\nof the people were Crockett, Miss Crockett, two old maid sisters and an old\nbachelor brother. We were there when my youngest brother . . . I remember my\nmother saying, \"He took his first step in Marietta.\"\n\nBAUMAN: That's kind of interesting because Marietta was the ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39347/file/110725#t=1230.0,1260.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39347/file/110725/transcript/24594/annotation/43","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"place where Leo\nFrank was lynched.\n\nHEYMAN: I know. This was long, long before that. It really was not much of\nMarietta. They had a bandstand. They had a square. The great entertainment, we'd\nwalk up to the bandstand and listen to the music at night. They had . . . This\nplace where we stayed had a big backyard, and we children played. Of course, I\ndon't remember. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39347/file/110725#t=1260.0,1290.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39347/file/110725/transcript/24594/annotation/44","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"That was long ago. [It] must have been about 1905 or 1906. The\nfunny things that you remember.\n\nBAUMAN: You were very close to your first cousin, Helene [Joel Heyman]?\n\nHEYMAN: ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39347/file/110725#t=1290.0,1320.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39347/file/110725/transcript/24594/annotation/45","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Yes.\n\nBAUMAN: What was that relationship like? I know you lived next door to each\nother for so many years.\n\nHEYMAN: Yes, we did. She was a year younger than I. We were devoted friends. Her\nfather was a very jealous man. He adored her, particularly after his son was\nkilled in France. She was just his whole life. We joked and said, she was his\nangel ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39347/file/110725#t=1320.0,1350.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39347/file/110725/transcript/24594/annotation/46","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"queen. We would kid her about that. We were fond of each other. As a\nmatter of fact, she's still living in Rome, Georgia. Her husband went with Fox\nManufacturing Company [and] moved to Rome. He's . . . We were first cousins, and\nwe married brothers. I married Herman and she married Charles [Heyman]. So we\nwere doubly related. Now she has Alzheimer's, and she's in bad ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39347/file/110725#t=1350.0,1380.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39347/file/110725/transcript/24594/annotation/47","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"shape, very bad.\nI keep in touch with her children, and grandchildren.\n\nBAUMAN: It seemed like there was a very small community you associated with, a\nsmall group of other Jewish families, your relatives. It almost seemed like\nthere was a very small selection of people you would logically and naturally\nmarry. Was ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39347/file/110725#t=1380.0,1410.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39347/file/110725/transcript/24594/annotation/48","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"there a lot of intermarriage amongst these families?\n\nHEYMAN: Yes. Actually I didn't even . . . I hardly knew my husband's family.\nThey moved early. They moved way out Peachtree Street, and moved . . . We\nthought it was just like in the next county. Their . . . I'll tell you where\ntheir place was. You know where the Blue Cross building is now? Blue Cross/Blue\nShield building?\n\nBAUMAN: ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39347/file/110725#t=1410.0,1440.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39347/file/110725/transcript/24594/annotation/49","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I think so. Just near Monroe Drive, just south of Highway 85. Am I\nthinking of the right one?\n\nHEYMAN: No, it's on Peachtree Street beyond Buckhead, beyond Piedmont Road. It's\nabout just . . . about a half-mile from where Piedmont crosses Peachtree. We\nhardly knew the south side Jews. I would see ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39347/file/110725#t=1440.0,1470.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39347/file/110725/transcript/24594/annotation/50","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"them in Sunday School. We were\ncalled the north side, and they were the south side. I made very good friends\nthrough Sunday School. One of my very good friends was Hannah Grossman\n[Shulhafer], who remained my friend all through life until . . . She died about\nfour or five years ago. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39347/file/110725#t=1470.0,1500.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39347/file/110725/transcript/24594/annotation/51","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"She lived way out Washington Street near the . . . where\nPryor Street was. We lived way on the north near where Piedmont Park is today.\n\nBAUMAN: Now, this area north where your husband lived, there was a small Jewish\ngroup there also. The Alexander family was there. Isn't that right?\n\nHEYMAN: Where my husband lived, they moved . . . His father was crazy ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39347/file/110725#t=1500.0,1530.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39347/file/110725/transcript/24594/annotation/52","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"about\nfarming, and they bought this four-acre place out beyond Buckhead. That's\nBuckhead. It's not Piedmont [Road]. They were, I don't know, about three miles\nbeyond Buckhead.\n\nBAUMAN: Yes, but Henry Alexander lived in that area also, didn't he?\n\nHEYMAN: Yes and no. He came along much later. He grew ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39347/file/110725#t=1530.0,1560.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39347/file/110725/transcript/24594/annotation/53","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"up in the midtown section.\nThey never had enough room. The family was so small. The Alexanders were some of\nthe first settlers in Atlanta. When I became . . . When I was about 35 years\nold, I was president of the [National] Council of Jewish Women section here, and\nmy ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39347/file/110725#t=1560.0,1590.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39347/file/110725/transcript/24594/annotation/54","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"mother-in-law, who was Minna Heyman, said, \"I want you to meet Mrs. Julius\nAlexander.\" She was the first president of the Council. She took me to see this\nelderly lady. She was Cecil [Alexander]'s grandmother, and Harry's mother . . .\nHarry Alexander's mother. She was like the empress. She sat ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39347/file/110725#t=1590.0,1620.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39347/file/110725/transcript/24594/annotation/55","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"there and people\ncame to see her. I met her. She died . . . She died not too long after that.\n\nBAUMAN: Excuse me just a second.\n\n[Interruption in tape]\n\nHEYMAN: I felt like I didn't know . . . We would go to . . . In those days, we\nhad dances in people's homes. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39347/file/110725#t=1620.0,1650.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39347/file/110725/transcript/24594/annotation/56","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"They would take up the rugs and turn on the\nVictrola, and we would dance. Sometimes, on great occasions, we had parties at\nthe Standard Club, the old Standard Club. Charles Heyman, who married my cousin\n[Helene Joel Heyman], my husband's brother . . . I didn't know Herman in those\ndays. He was three and a half years older than I was. We went in ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39347/file/110725#t=1650.0,1680.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39347/file/110725/transcript/24594/annotation/57","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"crowds, mostly\nSunday School. Most of my crowd was the Sunday School class. Charles Heyman was\njust one year older, and he was the best dancer in our crowd. He was very\npopular. I was amazed years later that he married my cousin. I thought she was\nvery smart to be able to catch ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39347/file/110725#t=1680.0,1710.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39347/file/110725/transcript/24594/annotation/58","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Charles Heyman.\n\n[Interviewee laughs]\n\nThey're the ones that moved to Rome.\n\nBAUMAN: Yes. What was your relationship to East European Jews? Did you know any\nof the Orthodox East European Jews?\n\nHEYMAN: Like a different . . . living in a different city. I knew that there\nwere Orthodox Jews. I knew the name of Rabbi [Tobias] Geffen. He was . . . Dr.\nMarx ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39347/file/110725#t=1710.0,1740.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39347/file/110725/transcript/24594/annotation/59","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"was a very prejudiced man. He was all for the German Jews, but he did not .\n. . He just . . . I don't think he and Rabbi [Harry] Epstein even were on\nspeaking terms. The services in The Temple were so ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39347/file/110725#t=1740.0,1770.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39347/file/110725/transcript/24594/annotation/60","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"different. They were . . . We\nused a different prayer book. I've got the prayer books here, I think,\nsomewhere. I had them once. They're very different from the prayer books they\nuse today. The whole thing is different. I went to The Temple Friday night, and\n[Rabbi] Sue Ann Wasserman wore a robe, a tallis, and a yarmulke. I thought Dr.\nMarx is probably ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39347/file/110725#t=1770.0,1800.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39347/file/110725/transcript/24594/annotation/61","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"spinning in his grave. He was so opposed to anything like that.\nHe wore a cut-away suit just like a dress suit, never a robe. He . . . What was\nI going to tell you? He was not a great influence. Several of my friends have\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39347/file/110725#t=1800.0,1830.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39347/file/110725/transcript/24594/annotation/62","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"said they felt the same way we did, that Dr. Marx was such a . . . I don't want\nto put this down or anything, but he was . . . He did not inspire us for\nJudaism. He was a very sarcastic man. The wonderful influence was the\nChristians, in the Christian community. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39347/file/110725#t=1830.0,1860.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39347/file/110725/transcript/24594/annotation/63","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"He was really very friendly with them.\nThey would meet together. That was the greatest thing Dr. Marx did, was in the\nChristian community. His son and his wife are still living here, but they are\nboth very . . . they are neither one well.\n\nBAUMAN: A couple of things. Number one, you mentioned Rabbi Geffen. Did you ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39347/file/110725#t=1860.0,1890.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39347/file/110725/transcript/24594/annotation/64","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"know\nof Rabbi Geffen at all?\n\nHEYMAN: I knew who he was, but I didn't know him at all. I knew that there was a\nvery Orthodox . . . There were three congregations then, only one Reform. Now we\ngot, oh, about eight or nine Reform congregations.\n\nBAUMAN: Yes.\n\nHEYMAN: In that day, The Temple was the only Reform congregation. Then there was\nRabbi Epstein, who was Conservative. Very ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39347/file/110725#t=1890.0,1920.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39347/file/110725/transcript/24594/annotation/65","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"different.\n\nBAUMAN: Yes. You must have had Rabbi Hirmes at that time, in 19-teens, early\n1920's, Rabbi Hirmes. Remember him?\n\nHEYMAN: Rabbi who?\n\nBAUMAN: Hirmes, H-I-R-M-E-S, Hirmes.\n\nHEYMAN: No, I didn't know him. I had heard of Rabbi Geffen, and Dr. Marx,\nstrangely enough, said, \"Dr. Geffen is a real\" . . . Rabbi Geffen, he wasn't . .\n. \"is a real scholar.\" That's all I knew. He spoke no ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39347/file/110725#t=1920.0,1950.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39347/file/110725/transcript/24594/annotation/66","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"English. Rabbi Geffen\nspoke only Yiddish.\n\nBAUMAN: Yes. All right. Did you ever go to the Jewish Educational Alliance?\n\nHEYMAN: We used to go there for parties, particularly during the war. The\nsoldiers would be there. I didn't do much at the Jewish Education Alliance.\nLater on, my husband was a president of the Alliance, and he would go to board\nmeetings, and ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39347/file/110725#t=1950.0,1980.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39347/file/110725/transcript/24594/annotation/67","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I would go along with him. I was never on the board. He was . . .\nafter this one man who had been president so long, I've forgotten now . . .\n\nBAUMAN: Do you remember Victor Kriegshaber?\n\nHEYMAN: Kriegshaber.\n\nBAUMAN: Was that the man you were thinking of?\n\nv HEYMAN: There was a Kriegshaber who was very prominent. I don't think that was\nthe man who was president so ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39347/file/110725#t=1980.0,2010.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39347/file/110725/transcript/24594/annotation/68","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"long. I don't remember, but anyhow, my husband was\nelected president. I used to go with him to the meetings. He insisted on\nleaving. He said two years is enough. It was over on Capitol Avenue at that\ntime. I remember, I think it was during the Second World War, that they moved\nover to the north ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39347/file/110725#t=2010.0,2040.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39347/file/110725/transcript/24594/annotation/69","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"side, rented a big house first, and then later built the Federation.\n\nBAUMAN: Did you know Harold Hirsch, the Hirsch family?\n\nHEYMAN: Yes.\n\nBAUMAN: What was your relationship with the Hirsch family?\n\nHEYMAN: We knew each other. He was a big shot. He was a very prominent lawyer,\nand in the Jewish community they thought the sun rose and set ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39347/file/110725#t=2040.0,2070.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39347/file/110725/transcript/24594/annotation/70","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"in Harold Hirsch.\nIn the first Welfare Fund . . . I must have been about 33 or 34 years old . . .\nI was active in it. Harold Hirsch headed it. We raised $50,000.\n\nBAUMAN: This was around 1936. Were you involved in the women's division then?\n\nHEYMAN: I started the women's division.\n\nBAUMAN: You were the ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39347/file/110725#t=2070.0,2100.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39347/file/110725/transcript/24594/annotation/71","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"first chairperson?\n\nHEYMAN: The next year. I said, there's no reason why women should not give too.\nGet them accustomed to giving. Then when their husbands die, you won't have such\na hard time with the widows.\n\n[Interviewee laughs]\n\nWe formed a women's division.\n\nBAUMAN: Who's we? Who did you work with?\n\nHEYMAN: Oh, ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39347/file/110725#t=2100.0,2130.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39347/file/110725/transcript/24594/annotation/72","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"dear.\n\nBAUMAN: Gertrude Krick, did you work with her?\n\nHEYMAN: It was before Gertrude Krick, before she came in. Ida Levitas, I think.\nMy friend Rebecca Gershon, no longer living also, she was active at that . . .\n\nBAUMAN: What about Be Haas? Were you friends with Be Hass?\n\nHEYMAN: Be was ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39347/file/110725#t=2130.0,2160.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39347/file/110725/transcript/24594/annotation/73","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"younger, it was before. Be Hass really was much more interested\nin the non-Jewish community than in the Jewish community. She was younger.\n\nBAUMAN: Let me ask you a silly question. Did your family celebrate Christmas?\n\nHEYMAN: Yes. We never had a Christmas tree, but we had Santa Claus. It was\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39347/file/110725#t=2160.0,2190.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39347/file/110725/transcript/24594/annotation/74","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"wonderful. We loved it. We didn't know anything. We had no connection with Jesus\nChrist and Christmas. Christmas was Santa Claus for us. This was when we were\nvery young. We really believed in Santa Claus. We had . . . In our home on 14th\nStreet, we had fireplaces and chimneys. My ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39347/file/110725#t=2190.0,2220.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39347/file/110725/transcript/24594/annotation/75","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"cousin from next door used to spend\nthe night with us Christmas Eve. I believed Santa Claus came down the chimney\nand left the presents.\n\nBAUMAN: Did you do the same thing for your children?\n\nHEYMAN: What?\n\nBAUMAN: Did you have Christmas for your children?\n\nHEYMAN: In the beginning. Now wait a minute. In the early days, we did. Not only\nthat, we had a Christmas tree when our children were very little. I loved ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39347/file/110725#t=2220.0,2250.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39347/file/110725/transcript/24594/annotation/76","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"it.\nThe children, every year two weeks before Christmas, [said] \"Mom, when are we\ngoing to get the Christmas tree?\" My husband, who later became president of The\nTemple, was just as interested as we were. We had the tinsel, the baubles, and\nall ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39347/file/110725#t=2250.0,2280.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39347/file/110725/transcript/24594/annotation/77","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"this. It was something that I really loved.\n\nBAUMAN: Did you celebrate Hanukkah and Passover?\n\nHEYMAN: Yes. We lit the Hanukkah lights. We did not . . . as children . . . This\nis long before I met my husband and all. We always lit the Hanukkah lights. I\nloved that too. We had sukkahs. We had fruit from ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39347/file/110725#t=2280.0,2310.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39347/file/110725/transcript/24594/annotation/78","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"at The Temple. Also we\ncelebrated Purim. They always had a masked ball. My mother and her sister went\nto all sorts of trouble making me a mask, a costume. I remember the first one I\nwent to. They had a thing . . . such a thing as a ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39347/file/110725#t=2310.0,2340.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39347/file/110725/transcript/24594/annotation/79","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"ragman in those days. Have you\never heard of such a thing?\n\nBAUMAN: Ragman?\n\nHEYMAN: Rag, R-A-G.\n\nBAUMAN: No.\n\nHEYMAN: Now wait a minute. This was balloons. Strike that . . . a balloon man.\nalways dressed up in . . .\n\n[Interruption in tape]\n\nI went as a balloon man. Lo and behold, when we got there, oh. We were all\nsecret. Nobody wanted to tell what the other one was. There were ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39347/file/110725#t=2340.0,2370.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39347/file/110725/transcript/24594/annotation/80","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"three other\nballoon men.\n\n[Interviewee laughing]\n\nBAUMAN: What was your relationship with your mother? Were you very close with\nyour mother?\n\nHEYMAN: Yes. I loved and adored my mother. I thought she was the most beautiful\nwoman. One of the saddest things in my life was her death. She lived ten years\nlonger than my father. He was ten years older than ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39347/file/110725#t=2370.0,2400.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39347/file/110725/transcript/24594/annotation/81","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"she. He died at the age of\n70, and she died ten years later at the age of 70. In my . . .\n\nBAUMAN: Were you as close to your father as you were to your mother?\n\nHEYMAN: No. I loved my father, but not the way I felt about my mother. She was\njust the greatest and beautiful . . .\n\nBAUMAN: You have a son and a ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39347/file/110725#t=2400.0,2430.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39347/file/110725/transcript/24594/annotation/82","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"daughter. Do you feel you're closer to your\ndaughter or to your son?\n\nHEYMAN: No. I don't think so. You see, that's a whole other story. That's . . .\nwhy, they're different. They're entirely different. I feel very close to both of\nthem. As I've told you, my daughter has MS [multiple sclerosis]. She's married\nto Charles Wittenstein, who is counsel ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39347/file/110725#t=2430.0,2460.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39347/file/110725/transcript/24594/annotation/83","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"for ADL. He's had open heart surgery. My\nson, they belong to Temple Sinai.\n\nBAUMAN: No, but I'm not really talking about that. I'm talking about the\nrelationship as children. As children, did you associate more with your daughter\nor more with your son?\n\nHEYMAN: What did you say?\n\nBAUMAN: As children, when your son and daughter were children, did you associate\nmore with your daughter or more with your ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39347/file/110725#t=2460.0,2490.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39347/file/110725/transcript/24594/annotation/84","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"son?\n\nHEYMAN: I think . . . I'll tell you what happened. When my son married, they\nlived in a duplex way out Peachtree where most people live today. We were on\nOxford Road at that time, which is near Emory [University]. I think that they\ndidn't consider where we lived. My daughter ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39347/file/110725#t=2490.0,2520.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39347/file/110725/transcript/24594/annotation/85","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"said, \"Rent me a house. I don't care\nwhere it is, whether it's an apartment or a house, just so it's near you.\"\nThey're still living in that house.\n\nBAUMAN: That's nice.\n\nHEYMAN: There was just that much difference. I'm fond of my daughter-in-law, but\nit's . . . I don't want this to . . .\n\nBAUMAN: Let's go back to your high school. What high school did you go to?\n\nHEYMAN: I went to Girls' High School, ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39347/file/110725#t=2520.0,2550.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39347/file/110725/transcript/24594/annotation/86","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"which was where the City Hall is today. It\nwas on the corner of Washington Street and Mitchell Street. I think we must have\nbeen the last class, because they bought property way out near the Old Soldiers'\nHome moved. The Mitchell Street building was falling down. It really needed a\nlot of repairs. I went all the way from 14th Street down to Mitchell ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39347/file/110725#t=2550.0,2580.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39347/file/110725/transcript/24594/annotation/87","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Street\nevery day. We didn't have automobiles. We went on a street car. Sometimes we\nwalked. Girls' High School was a wonderful school. I got a very good education there.\n\nBAUMAN: Do you remember some of your favorite teachers or favorite classes?\n\nHEYMAN: Yes, I do.\n\nBAUMAN: What?\n\nHEYMAN: One interesting thing. Maggie Slaton was our French ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39347/file/110725#t=2580.0,2610.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39347/file/110725/transcript/24594/annotation/88","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"teacher. She was a\nsister to [Governor] John Slaton, who commuted the sentence of Leo Frank. She\nwas always very partial to the Jewish girls because of the fact of what her\nbrother had done. She was an excellent French teacher, and I got along very well\nin college in ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39347/file/110725#t=2610.0,2640.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39347/file/110725/transcript/24594/annotation/89","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"French. My history teacher was one reason I went to Smith\n[College]. She was a very . . . at Girls' High School at that time, if you were\ngoing to college, they had college preparatory classes. You got the best\nteachers. We got the heads of all of the ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39347/file/110725#t=2640.0,2670.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39347/file/110725/transcript/24594/annotation/90","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"departments. The head of mathematics,\nthe head of history, and the head of English. I had a wonderful education.\n\nBAUMAN: Had your history teacher gone to Smith also?\n\nHEYMAN: What did you say?\n\nBAUMAN: Had your history teacher gone to Smith?\n\nHEYMAN: Let's see which one. Miss Wolf was the one. Yes, she was history. She\nwould teach history like this. She didn't talk about the dates and that sort of\nthing. \"What was ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39347/file/110725#t=2670.0,2700.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39347/file/110725/transcript/24594/annotation/91","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"the significance of . . . ,\" was her favorite expression. What\nwas the significance of the Civil War? What was the cause beyond slavery? She .\n. . I was very fortunate in that respect. As far as the French teacher's\nconcerned, we read ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39347/file/110725#t=2700.0,2730.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39347/file/110725/transcript/24594/annotation/92","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"plays: Racine, and Corneille, and really good French\nliterature in French. Then we'd have to get up in class and tell the story. I .\n. . It was very funny. I had to memorize one of the speeches ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39347/file/110725#t=2730.0,2760.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39347/file/110725/transcript/24594/annotation/93","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"in . . . I think it\nwas Racine. When I got to college, I took French, and was asked to . . . could\nanybody tell the story in French of Athalie's Dream. I got up and I spouted it.\nShe thought I was just great in French. I didn't know much French.\n\n[Interviewee laughs]\n\nIt was just that I had to ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39347/file/110725#t=2760.0,2790.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39347/file/110725/transcript/24594/annotation/94","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"memorize that thing . . .\n\nHEYMAN: . . . They had meetings, and no word of English was spoken. I really\ndidn't know much French. I still . . . if you don't keep up a language, you\nforget it.\n\nBAUMAN: Yes.\n\nHEYMAN: At that time in college, we read French books. Now, what we were . . .\nback to Girls' High School . . . What did you ask me about the different ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39347/file/110725#t=2790.0,2820.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39347/file/110725/transcript/24594/annotation/95","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"teachers?\n\nBAUMAN: You were saying that your history teacher encouraged you to go to Smith\n[College]. I had asked, did she go to Smith?\n\nHEYMAN: Yes.\n\nBAUMAN: Miss Wolf went to Smith.\n\nHEYMAN: Yes.\n\nBAUMAN: Was Miss Wolf Jewish?\n\nHEYMAN: No. She was not. We had actually teachers . . . the English teacher was\nvery good. I always loved reading, ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39347/file/110725#t=2820.0,2850.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39347/file/110725/transcript/24594/annotation/96","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"particularly novels and plays.\n\nBAUMAN: When you were at Girls' High School, and even back earlier in elementary\nschool at Tenth Street School, did you have friends who were not Jewish also?\n\nHEYMAN: Yes.\n\nBAUMAN: Gentile friends?\n\nHEYMAN: Yes.\n\nBAUMAN: Did you tend to go to their houses and have them to your house?\n\nHEYMAN: Yes, we did.\n\nBAUMAN: Do you remember any of those girls?\n\nHEYMAN: Yes. It's been so long ago. Once you get out of ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39347/file/110725#t=2850.0,2880.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39347/file/110725/transcript/24594/annotation/97","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"school like that, you\ndon't want . . . At Smith, lots of my friends were not Jewish. In my house, the\nEast class all stuck together. Up until recent years, we had a round robin. All\nof them were not Jewish at all. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39347/file/110725#t=2880.0,2910.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39347/file/110725/transcript/24594/annotation/98","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"There's only one left now. Every year, I would\nwrite a letter and send it to one. She would add her letter and send it to\nanother. We kept that going for, I think, 55 years.\n\nBAUMAN: Did you experience any antisemitism, either at Girls' High School or at Smith?\n\nHEYMAN: I never did. I was a very fortunate child. I grew up ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39347/file/110725#t=2910.0,2940.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39347/file/110725/transcript/24594/annotation/99","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"without any fear of\nantisemitism. People told me it existed, but I didn't feel like it. I think most\nof my friends . . . All of my mother's friends were Jewish, that older\ngeneration. I had ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39347/file/110725#t=2940.0,2970.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39347/file/110725/transcript/24594/annotation/100","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"friends both at high school and college who were not Jewish.\n\nBAUMAN: In Smith, you did have troubles with antisemitism.\n\nHEYMAN: No, I really didn't.\n\nBAUMAN: Do you remember chapel services? Do you remember discussions about\nChristianity, things like that?\n\nHEYMAN: We went to chapel. It didn't bother me at ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39347/file/110725#t=2970.0,3000.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39347/file/110725/transcript/24594/annotation/101","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"all. They . . . we didn't . .\n. first, we had to go to chapel. We could have chapel cuts, but we had to go. It\nwas just one of those things that you had to get up early to get to. I went\nmostly with non-Jewish girls at Smith. By my ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39347/file/110725#t=3000.0,3030.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39347/file/110725/transcript/24594/annotation/102","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"junior year, a number of Jewish\ngirls in my house . . . At Smith, you have houses. You don't have dormitories.\nEach house has about 60 or 70 girls. My roommate was always a non-Jewish girl.\nWe remained ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39347/file/110725#t=3030.0,3060.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39347/file/110725/transcript/24594/annotation/103","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"friends. I visited her. She visited me. She came down with her\nhusband one year. She's now in some kind of institution. It's very sad. For\nChristmas we were home. We came home on a train. The trip from Northampton to\nAtlanta ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39347/file/110725#t=3060.0,3090.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39347/file/110725/transcript/24594/annotation/104","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"was almost two days, a day and a half. It was . . . We had to take the\nBoston and Maine from Northampton to Springfield; then we changed to New Yorker\n. . . New Haven; get to New York at Grand Central Station. Then we'd have to\ntake the shuttle over to the Pennsylvania, and get on the ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39347/file/110725#t=3090.0,3120.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39347/file/110725/transcript/24594/annotation/105","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Pennsylvania. It was a\n24-hour trip from there. They made up the Pullmans. I was talking about it with\nmy grandchildren. They never heard of such a thing as a train like that. We\nwould sleep . . . also it was a steam . . . It was a coal engine. I'd wake up in\nthe morning, and my pillow was full of cinders. They had come ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39347/file/110725#t=3120.0,3150.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39347/file/110725/transcript/24594/annotation/106","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"in. It took so\nlong to get there. I came home every vacation, Christmas vacation. I think one\nyear for spring vacation, I visited a college friend who lived in Chicago for\none week and spent one week at home. It . . . Also another thing, which was so\nridiculous, we took a ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39347/file/110725#t=3150.0,3180.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39347/file/110725/transcript/24594/annotation/107","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"trunk. You never hear of trunks these days. Everything is\nin suitcases. I had a beautiful wardrobe trunk, which by the way I also took on\nmy honeymoon. A trunk, can you imagine? This trunk had to be sent all the way\ndown to Atlanta. Of course, I think they called it the Manhattan Transfer.\n\n[Interviewee laughs]\n\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39347/file/110725#t=3180.0,3210.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39347/file/110725/transcript/24594/annotation/108","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"It was a really rough thing coming home.\n\nBAUMAN: What was your relationship with your extended family: people in Rome,\nGeorgia, people in Montgomery, Alabama, people in New Orleans, and people in\nKentucky? What was your relationship with cousins?\n\nHEYMAN: Of course, you are mixing two families.\n\nBAUMAN: Go on.\n\nHEYMAN: My family and my husband's family, and we've always been very ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39347/file/110725#t=3210.0,3240.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39347/file/110725/transcript/24594/annotation/109","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"close. My\nfamily was not large. There were my mother, father, my three brothers, my two\ngrandmothers, and this cousin. We had two aunts and uncles and a couple of\nunmarried aunts.\n\nBAUMAN: Where did these people live?\n\nHEYMAN: Different places. The one I told ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39347/file/110725#t=3240.0,3270.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39347/file/110725/transcript/24594/annotation/110","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"you lived next door to us. Then there\nwas another . . . my father's sister . . . who was Lenore Joel Bukofzer, lived\ndown the street on 14th Street, about five houses down. She had no children,\nadored me, and I loved her. She left me most of her money when she died. She was\nsort of a hypochondriac. She had horrible ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39347/file/110725#t=3270.0,3300.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39347/file/110725/transcript/24594/annotation/111","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"headaches. They're dead now. The\nBirmingham family is all my husband's family. His sister--who by the way is\ngoing to be here in July--she's 92 years old. She was Dorah Heyman, and she\nmarried Mervyn Sterne and moved to Birmingham. He ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39347/file/110725#t=3300.0,3330.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39347/file/110725/transcript/24594/annotation/112","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"was one of the most prominent\nmen in Birmingham. He was a banker, lots of money. Not only that, but he was\nvery active in civic affairs. That's all my father's family. My family . . . My\nbrothers' widows are both still living. My one brother, Ben, didn't ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39347/file/110725#t=3330.0,3360.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39347/file/110725/transcript/24594/annotation/113","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"marry until\nhe was 40 years old. His widow is living in Sarasota, Florida. We are very\nclose. She's coming up to visit in October. My other brother, who was the most\nhandsome man, he was absolutely beautiful. I'm sorry. I had a regular . . .\nbefore I moved to this two-room apartment, I lived at the Paces and had ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39347/file/110725#t=3360.0,3390.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39347/file/110725/transcript/24594/annotation/114","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"five\nrooms. There was a hallway and I had all the pictures up on the hallway. My\nbrother Lyons [Barnett Joel] was just so very handsome. They said he was the\nhandsomest Jewish boy in Atlanta. Then somebody said why Jewish boy? He was the\nhandsomest man in Atlanta. His . . . ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39347/file/110725#t=3390.0,3420.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39347/file/110725/transcript/24594/annotation/115","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"He married Dorothy Selig, the Selig Company\n. . . She used to live very near . . . I used to live very near her, but now, of\ncourse, it's different. We're very good friends. She comes to see me. She's very\ndifferent from me. She plays cards every afternoon. She's ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39347/file/110725#t=3420.0,3450.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39347/file/110725/transcript/24594/annotation/116","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"attractive.\n\nBAUMAN: What was your brother's name? This is what, Lyons?\n\nHEYMAN: Lyons Barnett Joel, L-Y-O-N-S Barnett Joel [unintelligible: T2-S2-01,\n11:16] now known as Benjamin Franklin Joel Jr., because my father was Benjamin Franklin.\n\nBAUMAN: What was your relationship with the Selig family?\n\nHEYMAN: The Selig family? None, practically ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39347/file/110725#t=3450.0,3480.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39347/file/110725/transcript/24594/annotation/117","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"none. Just through Dorothy, who is\nmy sister-in-law.\n\nBAUMAN: Did you know Ben Massell, the Massell family at all?\n\nHEYMAN: I was not . . . I knew them, certainly. Everybody did.\n\nBAUMAN: They were just acquaintances.\n\nHEYMAN: Everybody knew Ben Massell.\n\nBAUMAN: Yes.\n\nHEYMAN: He was married twice. His second . . . [unintelligible: T1-S2-01, 12:00]\nsecond wife, because she was a lovely ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39347/file/110725#t=3480.0,3510.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39347/file/110725/transcript/24594/annotation/118","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"person. They lived in this beautiful home\nup on 15th . . . on the hill on 15th Street. All gone now.\n\nBAUMAN: After you graduated from Smith, and you were Phi Beta Kappa and\neverything, involved in different activities.\n\nHEYMAN: Where did you hear all that?\n\nBAUMAN: I've read it in all your letters and your diaries.\n\nHEYMAN: Oh, really?\n\nBAUMAN: Yes. You came back and you married Herman, right? What was your early\nmarriage ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39347/file/110725#t=3510.0,3540.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39347/file/110725/transcript/24594/annotation/119","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"like?\n\nHEYMAN: We didn't have much money. In fact, we didn't have enough to get married\non. My father . . . we were engaged for nine months waiting. He was just\nbeginning to practice law. He started off by . . . His father was a lawyer. He\ndidn't want to take Herman in. He wanted him to try to make ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39347/file/110725#t=3540.0,3570.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39347/file/110725/transcript/24594/annotation/120","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"it on his own. He\njust didn't have any clients. Finally he went in with his father. He was making\nso little when we married, my father gave us $100 a month to help us live off.\nThat sounds like awfully little, but it was great then. We . . . He could get\nrailroad passes. They represented the Atlanta West Point ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39347/file/110725#t=3570.0,3600.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39347/file/110725/transcript/24594/annotation/121","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Railroad, and he got\nrailroad passes. We had a wonderful honeymoon. We went to Colorado Springs,\nColorado. The first few years, it was pretty rough. My father furnished the\napartment for me. Another ridiculous thing, I had to have a cook. Poor ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39347/file/110725#t=3600.0,3630.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39347/file/110725/transcript/24594/annotation/122","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Jo. She\ncan't do her own work. She's got to have help. My mother used to pay for a maid\nto help me. It was the worst thing could have happened, because I never really\nlearned to be a good cook. [Interviewee laughs] I think . . . We lived in a very\nsmall apartment. Our first son was born ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39347/file/110725#t=3630.0,3660.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39347/file/110725/transcript/24594/annotation/123","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"there, and we named him Arthur Heyman\nfor his grandfather. My husband's father was Arthur Heyman. He was a very good\nlawyer and prominent. He's the one who was with . . . You've probably heard of\nDorsey, Brewster, Howell \u0026 Heyman. It was the Dorsey who was so horrible in the\nFrank case. I remember as a child hearing ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39347/file/110725#t=3660.0,3690.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39347/file/110725/transcript/24594/annotation/124","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"conversations around the dinner table\nof how terrible that Arthur Heyman should not leave [and] continue to be a\npartner of Hugh Dorsey. I remember my mother saying, \"The man has got to make a\nliving. He just can't walk out and not have anything.\" After the Frank case was\nover, Hugh Dorsey did everything to make up to the Jewish people. He was ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39347/file/110725#t=3690.0,3720.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39347/file/110725/transcript/24594/annotation/125","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"a\nfriend of my father's, and he would try to be friendly. Well the story they tell\nme . . . I didn't know the Heymans at that time . . . They lived way out on\nPeachtree. They tell me that Dorah Heyman . . . that's the 92-year old one who's\nmy husband's only sister. The Heyman family had one girl who was oldest and\nthree boys. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39347/file/110725#t=3720.0,3750.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39347/file/110725/transcript/24594/annotation/126","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"The youngest boy is Joseph Heyman, who is still living. Dorah is\nstill living. Charles and Herman are gone. What did I start to tell you about?\n\nBAUMAN: The fact that you had a cook and a maid that you mother supplied.\n\nHEYMAN: Yes. My father-in-law ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39347/file/110725#t=3750.0,3780.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39347/file/110725/transcript/24594/annotation/127","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"wanted to . . .\n\nBAUMAN: Oh, I'm sorry. You were talking about Hugh Dorsey and the relationship\nbetween Hugh Dorsey and the Leo Frank case and your father-in-law.\n\nHEYMAN: Afterward, fortunately, Hugh Dorsey was appointed as a judge. This was\nDorsey Junior. Then they took in my husband . . . did go in with the firm there.\nHe was just a paid employee. He was not one of the members of the ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39347/file/110725#t=3780.0,3810.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39347/file/110725/transcript/24594/annotation/128","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"firm.\n\nBAUMAN: Yes.\n\nHEYMAN: Gradually he worked up. We had very little money.\n\nBAUMAN: Now, you as a young woman, you were not supposed to work. You were not\nsupposed to go into a career. You very quickly got into volunteer work. Tell me\nabout the volunteer work that you did.\n\nHEYMAN: That's what I did. In those days, a college graduate from an Eastern\nschool was ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39347/file/110725#t=3810.0,3840.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39347/file/110725/transcript/24594/annotation/129","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"rare. All the organizations tried to grab me. Come and be president\nof this and be secretary of that. I was so foolish, I just accepted everything.\n\nBAUMAN: Tell me about those clubs. What did you get involved in?\n\nHEYMAN: Oh, I don't know.\n\nBAUMAN: What was your relationship with the National Council of Jewish Women?\n\nHEYMAN: Oh, I was a member [and] pretty soon on the board. I was ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39347/file/110725#t=3840.0,3870.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39347/file/110725/transcript/24594/annotation/130","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"president. It\nwas . . I guess it was about eight or ten years later, I was president. I was\nthe first young person. They were all old ladies who had been presidents. I\nsaid, \"I'll only be president if Dottie Oberdorfer--who was one of my good\nfriends--would be vice-president.\" She was. The two of us, really, re-organized.\nI ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39347/file/110725#t=3870.0,3900.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39347/file/110725/transcript/24594/annotation/131","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"think they had 98 members when we took over. I think there were over 300 when\nI left. It was almost like an adjunct of The Temple. We were told by the\nNational, \"This is a Council of Jewish women, all Jewish women, not just a\nreformed group.\"\n\nBAUMAN: Did you get East European women involved?\n\nHEYMAN: That ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39347/file/110725#t=3900.0,3930.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39347/file/110725/transcript/24594/annotation/132","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"was later. When the Hitler era came, we did a great job there\nteaching English. We had groups. We had what we called a Tuesday night group,\nand we met at the Standard Club which was then on Ponce De Leon. We had\ndifferent people from the city--important people--come, ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39347/file/110725#t=3930.0,3960.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39347/file/110725/transcript/24594/annotation/133","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"discuss, and tell them.\nOne thing that was interesting: the refugees--the Hitler refugees--could not\nunderstand how the black people were treated in Atlanta. They said, \"That's the\nway Hitler treated the Jews.\" They just could not understand it. We had just\nalways taken it for granted ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39347/file/110725#t=3960.0,3990.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39347/file/110725/transcript/24594/annotation/134","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that they were the servants, which they were when I\ngrew up. This is hop, skip and jump. We had servants' houses in the back of our\nlot. We lived on 14th Street with a big backyard. We had two servants' houses,\nand the servant lived there with her husband. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39347/file/110725#t=3990.0,4020.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39347/file/110725/transcript/24594/annotation/135","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Actually, one of them was married\n. . . a black family. Our family gave her a good wedding. Now how did I get on\nthat subject? What was I talking about?\n\nBAUMAN: We were talking about black-white relations. We were talking about the\nNational Council of Jewish Women, and you were talking about East Europeans. You\nwere talking about Americanization classes for the ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39347/file/110725#t=4020.0,4050.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39347/file/110725/transcript/24594/annotation/136","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"German refugees, and the\nGerman refugees asked you about race relations. They couldn't understand . . .\n\nHEYMAN: That's right.\n\nBAUMAN: Yes.\n\nHEYMAN: For years we had this group that met every Tuesday night. We would have\na speaker. Then we would break up into small groups of about seven or eight and\nreally teach English. To some, English is a ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39347/file/110725#t=4050.0,4080.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39347/file/110725/transcript/24594/annotation/137","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"crazy language. They could not\nunderstand how, for instance, you could say \"there\" and it meant there in a\ncertain place, t-h-e-r-e,, and \"their\" belonging to them, t-h-e-i-r. There was\nall that sort of stuff. I think we done a pretty good job.\n\nBAUMAN: Were you involved in Hadassah?\n\nHEYMAN: No. I joined Hadassah when I was ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39347/file/110725#t=4080.0,4110.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39347/file/110725/transcript/24594/annotation/138","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"president of Council, just for sort of\nfriendship. We really had nothing to do with each other. Dr. Marx--I've always\nheld this against him--was so anti-Zionist, it was terrible. He used to say, \"If\nthey want a place to live, let them go there.\" He just . . . I was a married\nwoman before I knew there was anything to Zionism ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39347/file/110725#t=4110.0,4140.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39347/file/110725/transcript/24594/annotation/139","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"outside the fact that if you\nbelieved in Zionism you had to go there. I completely changed since then. It's\nvery different. Friends of mine often talk about the harm that Dr. Marx did to us.\n\nBAUMAN: Were you involved in The Temple Sisterhood?\n\nHEYMAN: Not much. They wanted me. In fact, I think I was asked to be president,\nbut I said, \"I just can't do too much\". ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39347/file/110725#t=4140.0,4170.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39347/file/110725/transcript/24594/annotation/140","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"All The Temple Sisterhood did was\nfunctions of The Temple: see that the rooms were clean, furnish refreshments,\nand all that. The Council of Jewish Women interested me more because we had more\nwidespread projects.\n\nBAUMAN: Were you involved in the League of Women Voters?\n\nHEYMAN: Yes, very much.\n\nBAUMAN: What were your activities?\n\nHEYMAN: They got me right away in the Atlanta ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39347/file/110725#t=4170.0,4200.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39347/file/110725/transcript/24594/annotation/141","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"League. It was a very prominent,\nvery good organization.\n\nBAUMAN: What type of things did you do?\n\nHEYMAN: We were always non-partisan, but we supplied very active information\nabout the people who were running. We would have a speaker. If there were two\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39347/file/110725#t=4200.0,4230.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39347/file/110725/transcript/24594/annotation/142","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"people running, two men, we'd have a meeting with both of them speaking. Then we\n. . . later, we had house meetings of about eight or ten people, and we would\ninvite the candidates there. When I moved into DeKalb County--after I left\nAtlanta and moved on Oxford Road which was DeKalb County--one of the leading\nwomen got hold of me and said, ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39347/file/110725#t=4230.0,4260.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39347/file/110725/transcript/24594/annotation/143","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\"Let's start a DeKalb League of Women Voters.\"\nThe other was Atlanta. So we did that. We . . .\n\nBAUMAN: Who was this other woman? Do you remember?\n\nHEYMAN: She was Eléonore Raoul Greene. She was . . . you know the Raoul family?\n\nBAUMAN: Yes.\n\nHEYMAN: She married Harry Greene. She didn't marry until she was well along in\nyears. She was a brilliant woman. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39347/file/110725#t=4260.0,4290.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39347/file/110725/transcript/24594/annotation/144","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"She started Leagues and she was very active.\nFor many years I was very active in Leagues.\n\nBAUMAN: What was the attitude of your family towards women's rights and the\nright to vote for women?\n\nHEYMAN: They didn't pay much attention to it, my family. Eléonore Raoul was one\nof the ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39347/file/110725#t=4290.0,4320.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39347/file/110725/transcript/24594/annotation/145","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"leaders of women's rights, women's votes. They always told the tale of\nhow she rode a white horse down Peachtree Street. That's another whole story. I\nwas not in it. I was younger. They would tell us about it. Those women were real\nwonderful women. I just sort of dropped out of everything now, but I still ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39347/file/110725#t=4320.0,4350.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39347/file/110725/transcript/24594/annotation/146","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"belong.\n\nBAUMAN: What other organizations were you involved in?\n\nHEYMAN: We had a Smith Club that met once a month. I forget.\n\nBAUMAN: National Council of Christians and Jews, were you involved in that?\n\nHEYMAN: Slightly, not a great deal. I went to their meetings. That was men and\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39347/file/110725#t=4350.0,4380.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39347/file/110725/transcript/24594/annotation/147","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"women, and my husband was sort of involved in that.\n\nBAUMAN: Later on, your husband became associated with Morris Abram?\n\nHEYMAN: Yes.\n\nBAUMAN: They worked together in doing away with the county unit system. What was\nthe relationship between your husband and Morris Abram, and your relationship\nwith Morris Abram?\n\nHEYMAN: They were very devoted friends. Morris is a brilliant man. I've been\ngreatly disillusioned about Morris, ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39347/file/110725#t=4380.0,4410.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39347/file/110725/transcript/24594/annotation/148","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"but he was very . . . in fact his ex-wife,\nJane, is one of my good friends. I was out with her for dinner last night.\nMorris was a brilliant man. He went first. He was a very good friend of the\nTroutman family, Troutmans.\n\nBAUMAN: Henry Troutman?\n\nHEYMAN: Henry Troutman, ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39347/file/110725#t=4410.0,4440.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39347/file/110725/transcript/24594/annotation/149","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and another one or two. They'd been to school together.\nThey were best friends. Morris, when he came back from Nuremburg, he was married\nand had a baby. He went up to see Henry Troutman about going into his firm, and\nhe said, \"Morris, we never had a Jew in the firm.\" Then he came up to Herman\n[Heyman]. He had taught my ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39347/file/110725#t=4440.0,4470.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39347/file/110725/transcript/24594/annotation/150","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"son in Sunday School. Arthur [Heyman] said, \"He's the\nmost wonderful Sunday School teacher. He's brilliant.\" Herman said, \"I'll take\nyou in.\" By that time it was Heyman and Howell.\n\n[Interruption in tape]\n\nWe became very good friends. My husband, when Morris ran for Congress . . . what\ndo you know about that?\n\nBAUMAN: Go on. You tell it.\n\nHEYMAN: They wanted somebody to run against this Judge ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39347/file/110725#t=4470.0,4500.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39347/file/110725/transcript/24594/annotation/151","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Davis who had been the\ncongressman from DeKalb County. It was three counties. DeKalb and two others. It\nwas a county unit system. Fulton County with a million people, half a million,\ngot six votes and a little county like Eckells got two votes.\n\nBAUMAN: Yes.\n\nHEYMAN: Morris . . . and Herman helped him. He was very ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39347/file/110725#t=4500.0,4530.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39347/file/110725/transcript/24594/annotation/152","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"active in doing away\nwith the county unit system. That's the great thing he did for Georgia. He was\ninterested in race relations. He wanted . . . but he failed to get elected. I\nwas in his office every day. I was down there in his office, ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39347/file/110725#t=4530.0,4560.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39347/file/110725/transcript/24594/annotation/153","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"telephoning people\nto vote for Morris. They didn't even know who he was. He hadn't lived here long\nenough. They tried to get somebody to run against Judge Davis, and nobody would,\nso finally Morris said, \"Okay, I will.\" He was not elected. After that, he felt\nlike there was no future for him in ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39347/file/110725#t=4560.0,4590.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39347/file/110725/transcript/24594/annotation/154","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Atlanta. He was a very ambitious man. My\nhusband was really so unselfish. He said, \"Morris, I think that you deserve to\ngo up North where you'd have a better chance.\"\n\nBAUMAN: You said you were disillusioned with him now. Why are you disillusioned\nwith Morris Abram now?\n\nHEYMAN: I was disillusioned because of the . . . first of all, because of the\nway he treated his wife. I don't want ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39347/file/110725#t=4590.0,4620.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39347/file/110725/transcript/24594/annotation/155","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"this . . .\n\nBAUMAN: That's all right. I'm not concerned with that. Is there anything\nphilosophical about it, his changes in position?\n\nHEYMAN: I think he was for Morris . . . first, last, and always. He went to\nBrandeis. He was the president of Brandeis. He was all for those rich Jews who\nwanted him to come and run for Congress or ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39347/file/110725#t=4620.0,4650.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39347/file/110725/transcript/24594/annotation/156","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"for . . . who was a prominent Jew who\nwas governor of New York for so long?\n\nBAUMAN: Herbert Lehman?\n\nHEYMAN: That one. Then the man in New York, the mayor of New York City, he was nice.\n\nBAUMAN: Fiorello LaGuardia? That's earlier.\n\nHEYMAN: I've forgotten. They wanted him to come, so he left Brandeis ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39347/file/110725#t=4650.0,4680.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39347/file/110725/transcript/24594/annotation/157","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"like this\nin the middle of term and went down there. He was a . . . He had been in\nMassachusetts, but they had owned a country place in New York State. So he\nclaimed he was a citizen there.\n\nBAUMAN: The 1960's. John Lindsay? You're thinking of John Lindsay in the 1960's,\nthe mayor of New York?\n\nHEYMAN: I don't . . .\n\nBAUMAN: It doesn't make that much difference. Go on.\n\nHEYMAN: I've forgotten. All ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39347/file/110725#t=4680.0,4710.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39347/file/110725/transcript/24594/annotation/158","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"the Jewish-minded turned to somebody else. Morris\nhad left Brandeis just with nothing. They had a beautiful . . . He had a\nbeautiful president's home. I thought it was just bad the way he did, but\nanyway, he . . .\n\nBAUMAN: I'm going to touch on a couple of different things, just a few more\nthings before we ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39347/file/110725#t=4710.0,4740.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39347/file/110725/transcript/24594/annotation/159","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"end. In your letters, you mentioned Oswald Garrison Villard. Do\nyou remember Oswald Garrison Villard? What was your relationship with him?\n\nHEYMAN: The name is familiar.\n\nBAUMAN: Obviously . . .\n\nHEYMAN: What was he?\n\nBAUMAN: I think he was the editor of The Nation magazine, a very well-known\nliberal during World War I era. Do you remember your relationship with him?\n\nHEYMAN: Nothing except that I ad mired him and I took The Nation.\n\nBAUMAN: ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39347/file/110725#t=4740.0,4770.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39347/file/110725/transcript/24594/annotation/160","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Okay, fine.\n\nHEYMAN: Lloyd Garrison, yes.\n\nBAUMAN: Yes, William Lloyd Garrison, the abolitionist, so this was his grandson.\n\nHEYMAN: Yes, that's right. Spell his last name?\n\nBAUMAN: V-i-1-l-a-r-d, Villard. You don't recall any special relationship?\n\nHEYMAN: No, I didn't.\n\nBAUMAN: At one point you mentioned that your father-in-law, Arthur Heyman, was\nan unreconstructed Southerner.\n\nHEYMAN: Yes, that's right. He lived in the ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39347/file/110725#t=4770.0,4800.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39347/file/110725/transcript/24594/annotation/161","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"days of Reconstruction. I think he\nwas born shortly after the Civil War. He lived in West Point, Georgia. He said\nthe conditions were just terrible there, that the black people were just all in\ncommand, and that for half a pint of whiskey they'd vote any way you wanted them\nto vote. He was devoted to me. He loved me, but he could not ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39347/file/110725#t=4800.0,4830.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39347/file/110725/transcript/24594/annotation/162","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"stand my point of\nview. He said, \"You're just wrong. You're wrong to try to give the niggers the\nvote. They just don't deserve it.\"\n\nBAUMAN: What was it in your family life that made you so much different in\nfeeling than this unreconstructed Southerner?\n\nHEYMAN: I don't know. My family was not interested at ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39347/file/110725#t=4830.0,4860.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39347/file/110725/transcript/24594/annotation/163","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"all in politics or in that\nsort of thing. They voted, but . . . I remember Daddy voted for Theodore\nRoosevelt. It may have been a college education. I just don't know. The fact\nthat they got me right away interested in all of these ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39347/file/110725#t=4860.0,4890.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39347/file/110725/transcript/24594/annotation/164","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"organizations. Will you\nhave a little lunch with me?\n\nBAUMAN: No thanks. I've just got two or three more questions, and that will be it.\n\nHEYMAN: Okay.\n\nBAUMAN: Now, on your street, on 14th Street . . .\n\nHEYMAN: What?\n\nBAUMAN: On 14th Street, the Spalding family lived. What was your relationship\nwith the Spalding family, Hugh Spalding.\n\nHEYMAN: I hardly knew him. They were . . .they lived up about four or five\nhouses. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39347/file/110725#t=4890.0,4920.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39347/file/110725/transcript/24594/annotation/165","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"They called on us. In those days, ladies called. My mother called on\nMrs. Spalding. They were related to each other, Spalding and Schroeder. I just\nthought Mrs. Spalding was the most beautiful woman. They were friendly but never\nclose at all.\n\nBAUMAN: You mentioned you were friends with Miss Oberdorfer, and you're also\nfriends with Donald Oberdorfer. What was your relationship ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39347/file/110725#t=4920.0,4950.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39347/file/110725/transcript/24594/annotation/166","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"with Donald Oberdorfer.\n\nHEYMAN: He was my first sweetheart. He would carry my books home from school. We\nwalked from Tenth Street School home. He always carried my books. One day, we\nhad an argument. He got mad, and he threw my books down on the sidewalk. He said\n. . . my father came along and said, \"Is that any way for a little . . . for a\nyoung gentleman to treat a young ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39347/file/110725#t=4950.0,4980.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39347/file/110725/transcript/24594/annotation/167","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"lady?\" Donald . . . then they moved away. They\nmoved on a place near Piedmont Park. Donald told me afterwards that he was so\nmad. He screamed and he howled. He said, \"I'm not going to leave. I'm not going\nto leave 14th Street.\" They did. We were always good friends. We were more or\nless sweethearts, but never anything ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39347/file/110725#t=4980.0,5010.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39347/file/110725/transcript/24594/annotation/168","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"serious.\n\nBAUMAN: What about Edgar Lieberman?\n\nHEYMAN: Edgar Lieberman? We used to have parties in the South. All the Jewish\npeople would gather once a year in Montgomery [Alabama], [and] once a year in\nColumbus [Georgia]. Did I mention Edgar Lieberman in that diary?\n\nBAUMAN: You've got letters there, yes.\n\nHEYMAN: Letters? He had family in ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39347/file/110725#t=5010.0,5040.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39347/file/110725/transcript/24594/annotation/169","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Atlanta. He was . . . My brothers thought it\nwas terrible. He was sort of what they call a sissy. He was very attentive to\nme. One year when I was in college, he invited me to come to New York for a\nweekend, and go to plays with him. He was beautiful. I loved opera and he did\ntoo. We had a lot in common. So this one weekend in college, my ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39347/file/110725#t=5040.0,5070.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39347/file/110725/transcript/24594/annotation/170","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"mother came up\nto chaperone me. He took me to a theatre or an opera every night for a weekend.\nHe did . . . I don't know what's happened to him now. I guess he's probably dead.\n\nBAUMAN: You mentioned that the Jewish people in the South met once a year. They\nmet in Montgomery. Where else did they meet?\n\nHEYMAN: There was a ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39347/file/110725#t=5070.0,5100.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39347/file/110725/transcript/24594/annotation/171","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Falcon Picnic. These were the young people. We used to have\na good time.\n\nBAUMAN: Was this a club?\n\nHEYMAN: No, more or less. It was just sort of the Reform Jewish people. We met.\nThe Falcon Picnic was the first . . . I think it started a generation before us.\n\nBAUMAN: This was called the Falcon Picnic?\n\nHEYMAN: Yes. I don't know where they got the name.\n\nBAUMAN: Now besides Montgomery, where did you meet?\n\nHEYMAN: At Birmingham, it was ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39347/file/110725#t=5100.0,5130.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39347/file/110725/transcript/24594/annotation/172","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Fourth of July. The Jubilee. In Atlanta we had the\n. . .\n\nBAUMAN: Did you meet in Chattanooga?\n\nHEYMAN: No, we didn't.\n\nBAUMAN: Savannah [Georgia]?\n\nHEYMAN: No. Columbus, Georgia. I had boyfriends in ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39347/file/110725#t=5130.0,5160.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39347/file/110725/transcript/24594/annotation/173","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Columbus. I think I met Edgar\nthrough Columbus. He was not my real boyfriend. [Interviewee laughs]\n\nBAUMAN: Bringing it much further forward [to the] 1920's. Did you know Rhoda Kaufman?\n\nHEYMAN: Who?\n\nBAUMAN: Rhoda Kaufman?\n\nHEYMAN: Rhoda Kaufman. Yes.\n\nBAUMAN: The social worker. What was your relation?\n\nHEYMAN: She was a wonderful woman. She . . . I picked her up every day during\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39347/file/110725#t=5160.0,5190.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39347/file/110725/transcript/24594/annotation/174","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Morris Abram's campaign. She and I went down there. She lost a leg early in\nyouth. She was a social worker, and had been head of . . . they used to call it\nthe Atlanta Charity. Afterwards, the name was changed. She was a lovely woman.\n\nBAUMAN: She had troubles with the KKK, and ultimately that's when she lost her\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39347/file/110725#t=5190.0,5220.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39347/file/110725/transcript/24594/annotation/175","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"position in this state. She finally resigned. Are you familiar with that?\n\nHEYMAN: No, I don't. I know that she was . . . She was head of the Associated\nCharities, and that she did lose her position there. She died fairly young. I\nadored . . . She was a good bit older than I, but I just thought she was\nwonderful. She had a very tragic happening though. She ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39347/file/110725#t=5220.0,5250.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39347/file/110725/transcript/24594/annotation/176","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"was driving her car, I\nthink coming out of a parking lot, and ran over and killed a little black boy.\nShe nearly went crazy. She nearly had a nervous breakdown. She was so upset\nabout this.\n\nBAUMAN: What was your relationship with Rabbi Rothschild, Jacob Rothschild?\n\nHEYMAN: We were good friends. Not the very closest. My husband interviewed ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39347/file/110725#t=5250.0,5280.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39347/file/110725/transcript/24594/annotation/177","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"him.\nHe was on a select committee to get a rabbi. He came to our house frequently. He\nwas there to give a sample sermon. We were just good friends. I knew the girl he\nmarried, Janice.\n\nBAUMAN: Did you get involved ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39347/file/110725#t=5280.0,5310.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39347/file/110725/transcript/24594/annotation/178","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"in the Civil Rights Movement in the 1950's and 1960's.\n\nHEYMAN: He was very much . . .\n\nBAUMAN: No. Did you?\n\nHEYMAN: Yes.\n\nBAUMAN: What type of activities were you involved in?\n\nHEYMAN: There was an organization called The Association of White Women for . ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39347/file/110725#t=5310.0,5340.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39347/file/110725/transcript/24594/annotation/179","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":".\n. what was it.\n\nBAUMAN: For the schools or something?\n\nHEYMAN: I can't remember the name. Association of White . . . oh, for the\nAbolishment of Lynching. You wouldn't know the lynching in those days. When we\ngot down to two lynchings a year, it was considered wonderful. This was the . .\n. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39347/file/110725#t=5340.0,5370.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39347/file/110725/transcript/24594/annotation/180","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and there was a woman named Mrs. Tilly, Methodist woman, who was very active\nin this.\n\nBAUMAN: Dorothy Tilly.\n\nHEYMAN: Dorothy Tilly. She organized it, and we called it the Association of\nWhite Women because they always said they would . . . they lynched because the\nblack people were trying to rape the white women. So it was called the\nOrganization of White Women for the Abolishment of ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39347/file/110725#t=5370.0,5400.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39347/file/110725/transcript/24594/annotation/181","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Lynching. I was active in\nthat. Women had already received the vote before I was active. I think they got\nthe vote in 1920. I graduated from college in 1923, so I was not active in that.\nI was active in getting out the vote, getting people to go ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39347/file/110725#t=5400.0,5430.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39347/file/110725/transcript/24594/annotation/182","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"to the polls and vote.\n\nBAUMAN: You obviously have to eat lunch, and I'm going to be leaving shortly.\nAre there any other people you were involved in, any organizations, anything you\nwant to add to the interview? Was there anything with the KKK, the Ku Klux Klan,\nhere in Atlanta?\n\nHEYMAN: Yes.\n\nBAUMAN: ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39347/file/110725#t=5430.0,5460.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39347/file/110725/transcript/24594/annotation/183","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Was there anything that you were involved in?\n\nHEYMAN: It didn't touch us. This thing about the Frank case is not a whole\nstory. Was that written up? Was that in any of the letters?\n\nBAUMAN: Go on.\n\nHEYMAN: When [Governor] Slayton commuted the ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39347/file/110725#t=5460.0,5490.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39347/file/110725/transcript/24594/annotation/184","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"sentence, and there were rumors\nthat they were going to lynch Slayton, and all the Jews . . . I had an aunt\nliving in Birmingham. I happened to be visiting her at the time. We lived on\n14th Street which was very near the march out to Slaton's home. My father sent\nmy grandmother, my mother and two brothers ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39347/file/110725#t=5490.0,5520.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39347/file/110725/transcript/24594/annotation/185","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"over to Birmingham. The Jewish people\nthat stayed in Atlanta, they got weapons and they had guards. It fizzled. It was\nthe Ku Klux Klan that was going out to get Slayton.\n\nBAUMAN: Yes.\n\nHEYMAN: They were well-prepared . . . the National Guard, I think. It was like a\ndifferent life.\n\nBAUMAN: Anything else you want to add?\n\nHEYMAN: ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39347/file/110725#t=5520.0,5550.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39347/file/110725/transcript/24594/annotation/186","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Can't think now.\n\nBAUMAN: Okay. Fine. Thank you very much. Go on.\n\nHEYMAN: Do stay and have a little lunch with me.\n\n 38","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39347/file/110725#t=5550.0,5580.0"}]},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39347/file/110725/annotation_set/445","type":"AnnotationPage","label":{"en":["Annotations [Transcript]"]},"items":[{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39347/file/110725/annotation_set/445/annotation/187","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eRich's was a department store retail chain, headquartered in Atlanta that operated in the southern United States from 1867 until 2005. The retailer began in Atlanta as M. Rich \u0026amp; Co. dry goods store and was run by Mauritius Reich (anglicized to ‘Morris Rich’), a Hungarian Jewish immigrant. It was renamed M. Rich \u0026amp; Bro. in 1877, when his brother Emanuel was admitted into the partnership, and was again renamed M. Rich \u0026amp; Bros. in 1884 when the third brother Daniel joined the partnership. In 1929, the company was reorganized and the retail portion of the business became simply, Rich's. Many of the former Rich's stores today form the core of Macy's Central, an Atlanta-based division of Macy's, Inc., which formerly operated as Federated Department Stores, Inc.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39347/file/110725#t=270.0,300.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39347/file/110725/annotation_set/445/annotation/188","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003e“O Tannenbaum” is a Christmas song [German: O Christmas Tree]. Based on a traditional folk song, it became associated with the traditional Christmas tree by the early 20th century and sung as a Christmas carol.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39347/file/110725#t=390.0,420.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39347/file/110725/annotation_set/445/annotation/189","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eAch Du Lieber Augustine” [German: Oh, you dear Augustin]. is a popular Viennese song. It was presumably composed by the balladeer Marx Augustin in 1679. The tune is nearly identical to that of “Did You Ever See a Lassie?” Bing Crosby included the song in a medley on his album 101 Gang Songs in 1961.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39347/file/110725#t=390.0,420.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39347/file/110725/annotation_set/445/annotation/190","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eFannie Menko (1866-1947).\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39347/file/110725#t=390.0,420.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39347/file/110725/annotation_set/445/annotation/191","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eEugene Oberdorfer, Sr.  (1865-1931), his wife Daisy Israel Bauer Oberdorfer (1971-1941), and their sons Eugene, Jr., and Donald.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39347/file/110725#t=450.0,480.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39347/file/110725/annotation_set/445/annotation/192","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eArmand May (1882-1972)  was born in Marseilles, France and resided in Atlanta from childhood. As a businessman, he was president of American Mills Company in Atlanta, a cotton mill, and American Associated Companies, a textile firm and exporter. He was appointed to the advisory committee for the Export-Import Bank of Washington in 1934, shortly after it was organized by President Franklin D. Roosevelt. His service on the board of Atlanta’s Hebrew Orphan’s Home and its successor, the Jewish Children’s Service, spanned 40 years from 1918 to 1958. He was president of both agencies from 1935 to 1958.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39347/file/110725#t=480.0,510.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39347/file/110725/annotation_set/445/annotation/193","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eDavid Eichberg (1862-1941) was an Atlanta attorney.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39347/file/110725#t=480.0,510.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39347/file/110725/annotation_set/445/annotation/194","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eRose Eichberg Schaenen (1902-1996).\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39347/file/110725#t=510.0,540.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39347/file/110725/annotation_set/445/annotation/195","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eYoel Lyons Joel (1896-1918) was a native of Atlanta who was killed on October 14, 1918 during severe fighting north of Sommerance, France in World War I. He was a first lieutenant with the American infantry fighting in the battle of the Argonne Forest.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39347/file/110725#t=600.0,630.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39347/file/110725/annotation_set/445/annotation/196","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eConfirmation marks the culmination of a special year in the life of Jewish students between ages 16 and 18; a period of religious study beyond bar or bat mitzvah. In some Conservative synagogues the confirmation concept has been adopted as a way to continue and child’s Jewish education and involvement for a few more years. \u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39347/file/110725#t=690.0,720.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39347/file/110725/annotation_set/445/annotation/197","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eLyons Barnett (1834-1867) resided in Milledgeville, Georgia.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39347/file/110725#t=840.0,870.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39347/file/110725/annotation_set/445/annotation/198","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eFranz Joseph (1830-1916), also called Francis Joseph, was emperor [German: kaiser] of Austria (1848–1916) and king of Hungary (1867–1916). His empire was into the Dual Monarchy, in which Austria and Hungary coexisted as equal partners. In 1879 he formed an alliance with Prussian-led Germany, and in 1914 his ultimatum to Serbia led Austria and Germany into World War I.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39347/file/110725#t=960.0,990.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39347/file/110725/annotation_set/445/annotation/199","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eOn November 11, 1918, fighting in World War I came to an end following the signing of an armistice between Germany and the Allies that called for a ceasefire at 11am, the 11th hour of the 11th day of the eleventh month of 1918. The war formally ended with the signing of the Versailles Treaty on June 28, 1919.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39347/file/110725#t=990.0,1020.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39347/file/110725/annotation_set/445/annotation/200","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eGold Star Mothers were women entitled to display a gold star on a service flag, due to being the mother of a son or daughter who died during active service in the United States military during a period of war or hostilities in which the Armed Forces of the United States were engaged. The term Gold Star Mother began during World War I with the custom of families of servicemen hanging a banner called a service flag in the windows of their homes. The service flag had a star for each family member in the Armed Forces. Living servicemen were represented by a blue star, and those who had lost their lives in combat were represented by a gold star.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39347/file/110725#t=1050.0,1080.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39347/file/110725/annotation_set/445/annotation/201","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eOakland Cemetery is the oldest cemetery, and one of the largest green spaces, in Atlanta. Many notable Georgians are buried at Oakland including Margaret Mitchell, author of Gone with the Wind; Joseph Jacobs, owner of the pharmacy where John Pemberton first sold Coca-Cola as a soft drink; Bobby Jones, the only golfer to win the Grand Slam, the United States Amateur, United States Open, British Amateur and the Open Championship in the same year; as well as former Georgia governors and Atlanta mayors.  Oakland is an excellent example of a Victorian-style cemetery and contains numerous monuments and mausoleums that are of great beauty and historical significance.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39347/file/110725#t=1080.0,1110.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39347/file/110725/annotation_set/445/annotation/202","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe Standard Club is a Jewish social club that started as the Concordia Association in 1867 in Downtown Atlanta. In 1905, it was reorganized as the ‘Standard Club’ and moved into the former mansion of William C. Sanders near where Turner Field is now located. In the late 1920’s the club moved to Ponce de Leon Avenue in Midtown Atlanta.  Later, the club moved to what is now the Lenox Park business park and was located there until 1983. In the 1980’s, the club moved to its present location in Johns Creek in Atlanta’s northern suburbs. \u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39347/file/110725#t=1110.0,1140.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39347/file/110725/annotation_set/445/annotation/203","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eHelene Joel Heyman (1903-1992) married Charles Heyman, the brother of Josephine’s husband Herman Heyman.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39347/file/110725#t=1290.0,1320.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39347/file/110725/annotation_set/445/annotation/204","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eCharles Heyman (1900-1983) started his career as an office boy for Fox Manufacturing Company in Atlanta, Georgia in 1920. He bought the company, moved it to Rome, Georgia in 1936, and relocated his family to Rome in 1938. Charles was a past president of the Southern Furniture Manufacturing Association.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39347/file/110725#t=1350.0,1380.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39347/file/110725/annotation_set/445/annotation/205","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eHannah Grossman Shulhafer (1901-1984) was an active leader in the Jewish and general communities as far back as the 1920’s.  She engaged in the resettlement of Jewish refugees from Europe and was active in the Civil Rights Movement.  Hannah was a leading figure in the Atlanta Jewish Federation, the Welfare Fund and was a Zionist and ardent supporter of Israel.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39347/file/110725#t=1470.0,1500.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39347/file/110725/annotation_set/445/annotation/206","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eHenry Aaron Alexander, Sr. (1874-1967), husband of Manya (Marion) Klonitsky-Kline Alexander, was born in Atlanta, Georgia. He was a prominent attorney, scholar, and religious leader. Alexander served in the Georgia State House of Representatives and was a veteran of World War I. He was also a president of the Atlanta Historical Society and a prominent Atlanta attorney. He was a member of the defense team in the trial of Leo Frank.  In 1930 he built one of the largest homes in Atlanta on Peachtree Road, with 33 rooms and 13 bathrooms. Alexander’s sold part of their land for development of the Phipps Plaza Mall which opened in 1969.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39347/file/110725#t=1530.0,1560.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39347/file/110725/annotation_set/445/annotation/207","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eMinna Simon Heyman (1873-1952) was a native of New Orleans who relocated to Atlanta in 1896 when she married Arthur Heyman, Sr.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39347/file/110725#t=1590.0,1620.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39347/file/110725/annotation_set/445/annotation/208","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eRebecca Ella Solomon Alexander (1854-1938) was the first president of the Atlanta chapter of the National Council of Jewish Women when it was organized in 1895.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39347/file/110725#t=1590.0,1620.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39347/file/110725/annotation_set/445/annotation/209","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe Victrola is a phonograph which is a machine that played records. Its name comes from the name of the company, Victor Talking Machine Company. The early phonographs had to be hand cranked and they had a big horn on them to produce the sound. In 1906 Victor Talking Machines Company introduced phonographs with the turntable and the amplifying horn tucked away inside a wooden cabinet.  It became the most popular brand of home phonographs and sold in great numbers until the end of the 1920’s.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39347/file/110725#t=1650.0,1680.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39347/file/110725/annotation_set/445/annotation/210","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eRabbi Tobias Geffen (1870-1970) was an Orthodox rabbi and leader of Shearith Israel in Atlanta from 1910-1970. He is widely known for his 1935 decision that certified Coca-Cola as kosher. He also organized the first Hebrew school in Atlanta, and standardized regulation of kosher supervision in the Atlanta area.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39347/file/110725#t=1710.0,1740.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39347/file/110725/annotation_set/445/annotation/211","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eRabbi Harry Epstein (1903-2003) served as the rabbi of Ahavath Achim Synagogue in Atlanta from 1928 to 1982.  Under his leadership the congregation began to shift to Conservatism, which they adopted in 1952. Rabbi Epstein retired in 1982, becoming Rabbi Emeritus and Rabbi Arnold Goodman assumed the rabbinic post.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39347/file/110725#t=1740.0,1770.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39347/file/110725/annotation_set/445/annotation/212","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eRabbi Sue Ann Wasserman was the assistant rabbi at The Temple in Atlanta from 1987 to 1991. Subsequently, she held rabbinical positions at the Brooklyn Heights Synagogue; the Union for Reform Judaism; Congregation Etz Chaim in Cambridge, Massachusetts; and Temple Beth David of the South Shore in Canton, Massachusetts. She was ordained at the Hebrew Union College in New York City.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39347/file/110725#t=1770.0,1800.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39347/file/110725/annotation_set/445/annotation/213","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eTallit or tallis is a prayer shawl fringed at each of the four corners in accordance with biblical law. The wearing of tallit at worship is obligatory only for married men, but it is customarily worn also by males of bar mitzvah age and older.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39347/file/110725#t=1770.0,1800.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39347/file/110725/annotation_set/445/annotation/214","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eJewish men cover their heads during prayer with a small skull-cap called a ‘yarmulke’ or ‘kippah.’  Orthodox Jewish men wear it at all times to remind themselves of God’s presence.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39347/file/110725#t=1770.0,1800.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39347/file/110725/annotation_set/445/annotation/215","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eLithuanian-born Rabbi Abraham P. Hirmes (188?–1946) led Ahavath Achim from 1919 to 1928. Rabbi Hirmes originated the Sisterhood with his wife, whose immediate projects were focused on raising money for the building fund for the synagogue at the corner of Washington Street and Woodward Avenue. About this time, there was an official name change of the congregation from ‘Ahawas Achim’ to ‘Ahavath Achim.’  It was also during this period that Bible School, Junior Congregation, and late Friday night services developed. Rabbi Hirmes studied at the Slobodka Yeshiva in Lithuania and pursued his rabbinical ordination at Yeshiva University-affiliated Rabbi Isaac Elchanan Theological Seminary in New York.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39347/file/110725#t=1920.0,1950.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39347/file/110725/annotation_set/445/annotation/216","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eYiddish is the common historical language of Ashkenazi Jews from Central and Eastern Europe. It is heavily Germanic based but uses the Hebrew alphabet. The language was spoken or understood as a common tongue for many European Jews up until the middle of the twentieth century.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39347/file/110725#t=1950.0,1980.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39347/file/110725/annotation_set/445/annotation/217","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe Jewish Educational Alliance (JEA) operated from 1910 to 1948 on the site where the Atlanta- Fulton County Stadium was located. The JEA was once the hub of Jewish life in Atlanta. Families congregated there for social, educational, sports and cultural programs. The JEA ran camps and held classes to help some new residents learn to read and write English. For newcomers, it became a refuge, with programs to help them acclimate to a new home. The JEA stayed at that site until the late 1940’s, when it evolved into the Atlanta Jewish Community Center and moved to Peachtree Street. It stayed there until 1998, when the building was sold and the center moved to Dunwoody. In 2000, it was renamed the ‘Marcus Jewish Community Center of Atlanta.’\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39347/file/110725#t=1950.0,1980.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39347/file/110725/annotation_set/445/annotation/218","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eVictor Hugo Kriegshaber (1859-1934) was the founder and first president of the Atlanta Terra Cotta Company; a director of the Atlanta Art Glass Co.; and vice-president of the National Builders' Supply Association. Kriegshaber was born in Louisville, Kentucky, to Prussian immigrants and came to Atlanta in 1889. Having left his civil engineer's position with the Central of Georgia Railway to become a contractor, he was soon president of his own building material supply company. He was a director of the Chamber of Commerce and, in 1914, was part of the committee from the Chamber that spearheaded the new development at Lakewood for the Southeastern Fair. A charter member of the Rotary Club, Kriegshaber also served as director of the local council of the Boy Scouts of America; president of the Jewish Charities and of the Jewish Educational Alliance; and director of the Hebrew Orphan's Home. He was instrumental in establishing the city's first public playgrounds for children and was later vice-president of the Playground Association of America. In 1905 Kriegshaber was one of the organizers of the Standard Club, serving as its first vice-president. Kriegshaber served on the executive committee of the Atlanta Music Festival Association from its founding in 1909. The Atlanta Music Festival led to the establishment of the Atlanta Philharmonic Society, of which he was president until 1934. He advocated, along with Rabbi David Marx, for the creation of the Federation of Jewish Charities in 1906 to combine the activities of the Hebrew Relief Society, Free Kindergarten and Social Settlement, Council of Jewish Women, and the Central Immigration Committee. The Victor H. Kriegshaber House, the home he built in 1900 in the historic Inwood Park area of Atlanta, is now a designated landmark also known as “The Wrecking Bar.”\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39347/file/110725#t=1980.0,2010.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39347/file/110725/annotation_set/445/annotation/219","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eHarold Hirsch (1881-1930) was a well-known attorney who was active in philanthropic organizations in the Atlanta area. He received his law degree in 1904 and soon became one of Atlanta's most prominent lawyers, helping Coca-Cola trademark its signature logo and bottle design in a number of copyright infringement cases. He was also involved in the creation of the law school at Emory University and one of the founding members of the faculty. Hirsch was very involved in philanthropic endeavors, particularly those in the Jewish community. He was a member of the Hebrew Benevolent Congregation (also known as The Temple), the Federation of Jewish Charities, the United Jewish Charities, and the Independent Order of B'nai B'rith.  He helped found The Atlanta Committee for German-Jewish Relief and served as chairman of the organization.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39347/file/110725#t=2040.0,2070.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39347/file/110725/annotation_set/445/annotation/220","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eGertrude Fierman Krick (1916- ) was a native New Yorker who relocated to Atlanta, Georgia. She was the wife of Edward Krick. She was active in the Atlanta Jewish Community. She became the first director of the Jewish Educational Alliance pre-school in 1937 and was assistant principal of the Atlanta Hebrew Academy (now renamed Atlanta Jewish Academy).\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39347/file/110725#t=2130.0,2160.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39347/file/110725/annotation_set/445/annotation/221","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eIda Goldstein Levitas (1897-1987) was born in Bialystok, Poland and grew up in Atlanta. Ida was active in the Jewish Educational Alliance and Hadassah. Her son Elliott Levitas was a Congressman from the 4th Congressional District in the United States House of Representatives from 1975 to 1985.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39347/file/110725#t=2130.0,2160.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39347/file/110725/annotation_set/445/annotation/222","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eRebecca Mathis Gershon (known as ‘Reb’) (1889-1997) was born in Chattanooga, Tennessee but her grandparents came from Germany. On a visit to Atlanta she met and later married Harry Gershon. Rebecca Mathis Gershon was involved in the life of the Jewish community of Atlanta including the National Council of Jewish Women, the Jewish Federation of Greater Atlanta, Hadassah, as well as in the Civil Rights Movement.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39347/file/110725#t=2130.0,2160.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39347/file/110725/annotation_set/445/annotation/223","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eBeatrice (Be) Hirsch Haas (1905-1997) was born in Atlanta in 1905. The Haas and Hirsch families were prominent Jewish families in Atlanta and were instrumental in founding the Temple. Her brother, Morris Hirsch, founded Hirsch Brothers, a men's clothing store. She graduated from Wellesley College in 1925. She married Leonard Haas Sr. who died in 1969. He was an attorney who helped form the Civil Liberties Union, the American Jewish Committee, and the Jewish Alliance in Atlanta and was an attorney in the Leo M. Frank case. With her husband's encouragement she became active in the League of Women Voters, in which she held positions on the local and national level. She was also involved in Georgia politics. She helped to put on Atlanta's 100 year celebration and a series of financial forums for women which led to the formation of her own fundraising business Grizzard and Haas (formerly Haas, Cox and Alexander).\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39347/file/110725#t=2130.0,2160.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39347/file/110725/annotation_set/445/annotation/224","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eHebrew for ‘dedication.’ An eight-day festival of lights usually falling around Christmas on the Christian calendar.  Hanukkah celebrates the victory of the Maccabees in 165 BCE over the Seleucid rules of Palestine, who had desecrated the Temple. The Maccabees wanted to re-dedicate the Temple altar to Jewish worship by rekindling the menorah but could only find one small jar of ritually pure olive oil.  This oil continued to burn miraculously for eight days, enabling them to prepare new oil. The Hanukkah menorah, or hanukiah, with its nine branches, is used to commemorate this miracle by lighting eight candles, one for each day, by the ninth candle. \u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39347/file/110725#t=2280.0,2310.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39347/file/110725/annotation_set/445/annotation/225","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eHebrew: Pesach.  The anniversary of Israel’s liberation from Egyptian bondage.  The holiday lasts for eight days.  Unleavened bread, matzah, is eaten in memory of the unleavened bread prepared by the Israelite during their hasty flight from Egypt, when they had not time to wait for the dough to rise.  On the first two nights of Passover, the seder, the central event of the holiday is celebrated.  The seder service is one of the most colorful and joyous occasions in Jewish life.  In addition to eating matzah during the seder, Jews are prohibited from eating leavened bread during the entire week of Passover. In addition, Jews are also supposed to avoid foods made with wheat, barley, rye, spelt or oats unless those foods are labeled ‘kosher for Passover.’ Jews traditionally have separate dishes for Passover.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39347/file/110725#t=2280.0,2310.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39347/file/110725/annotation_set/445/annotation/226","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eDuring Sukkot, Jews transfer their living quarters from the house to a sukkah, which is a makeshift booth whose roof is of branches or vegetation thin enough to let the rain in.  People eat in the sukkah and many pious Jews sleep there.  The sukkah is meant to remind Jews of the booths in which their ancestors dwelt when the wandered in the wilderness during the Exodus.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39347/file/110725#t=2280.0,2310.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39347/file/110725/annotation_set/445/annotation/227","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eA Jewish holiday that commemorates the deliverance of the Jewish people in the ancient Persian Empire from destruction in the wake of a plot by Haman, a story recorded in the Biblical book of Esther.  According to the Book of Esther, Haman planned to kill all the Jews, but Mordecai and his adopted daughter Queen Esther foiled his plans.  The day of deliverance became a day of feasting and rejoicing.  Some of the customs of Purim include drinking wine, wearing masks and costumes, and public celebration.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39347/file/110725#t=2310.0,2340.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39347/file/110725/annotation_set/445/annotation/228","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eMultiple sclerosis (MS) is a potentially disabling disease of the brain and spinal cord (central nervous system). In MS, the immune system attacks the protective sheath (myelin) that covers nerve fibers and causes communication problems between the brain and the rest of the body.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39347/file/110725#t=2430.0,2460.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39347/file/110725/annotation_set/445/annotation/229","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eGirls’ High School was one of seven schools that were part of the original Atlanta public school system. It opened in 1872, and was the only public school in the area exclusively for girls. It was a superb school academically, and had 104 rooms including science halls, laboratories, sewing rooms, a library, and outdoor classrooms. In 1947, Atlanta high schools became co-educational and Girls’ High was renamed ‘Roosevelt High School.’\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39347/file/110725#t=2520.0,2550.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39347/file/110725/annotation_set/445/annotation/230","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe Atlanta Confederate Soldiers' Home (also called the Old Soldiers' Home) was built in 1890 at 410 E. Confederate Avenue on the south edge of the Ormewood Park neighborhood of Atlanta, Georgia. In 1901 it burned down, and was rebuilt in 1902 at the same location. The Home housed widows of Confederate veterans beginning in the 1940's before closing in 1963. It was razed in 1965.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39347/file/110725#t=2550.0,2580.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39347/file/110725/annotation_set/445/annotation/231","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eMartha Lee Slaton (1869-1964) taught French at Girls’ High School in Atlanta from 1906 to 1939. She was the sister of John Marshall Slaton, the Georgia governor who commuted Leo Frank’s death sentence in 1915.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39347/file/110725#t=2580.0,2610.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39347/file/110725/annotation_set/445/annotation/232","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eSmith College is a private, independent women's liberal arts college with coed graduate and certificate programs in Northampton, Massachusetts.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39347/file/110725#t=2640.0,2670.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39347/file/110725/annotation_set/445/annotation/233","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eJean Racine (1639-1699), was a French dramatist, one of the three great playwrights of seventeenth-century France (along with Molière and Corneille), and an important literary figure in the Western tradition.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39347/file/110725#t=2730.0,2760.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39347/file/110725/annotation_set/445/annotation/234","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003ePierre Corneille (1606-1684) was a French tragedian. He is generally considered one of the three great seventeenth-century French dramatists, along with Molière and Racine.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39347/file/110725#t=2730.0,2760.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39347/file/110725/annotation_set/445/annotation/235","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eAthalie is a 1691 play, the final tragedy of Jean Racine.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39347/file/110725#t=2760.0,2790.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39347/file/110725/annotation_set/445/annotation/236","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eIn the United States, ‘Pullman’ was used to refer to railroad sleeping cars which operated on most United States railroads by the Pullman Company (founded by George Pullman) from 1867 to 1968.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39347/file/110725#t=3120.0,3150.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39347/file/110725/annotation_set/445/annotation/237","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eLenore Joel Bukofzer (1881-1965) was a native of Milledgeville, Georgia who resided I Atlanta, Georgia. She was a member of The Temple and the National Council of Jewish Women.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39347/file/110725#t=3270.0,3300.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39347/file/110725/annotation_set/445/annotation/238","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eDorah Heyman Sterne (1896-1994) was a native of Atlanta, Georgia who resided in Birmingham, Alabama. She served a three-year term as president of the Birmingham chapter of the National Council of Jewish Women and was active in the League of Women Voters in Birmingham.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39347/file/110725#t=3300.0,3330.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39347/file/110725/annotation_set/445/annotation/239","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eMervyn Hayden Sterne (1892-1973) was born in Anniston, Alabama. He was a prominent banker and financier in Birmingham, Alabama. He served in the United States Army during World War I and World War II. He was named Birmingham Man of the Year in 1948 for his civic and charitable work and B'nai B'rith Humanitarian of the Year in 1962. He was a member of Birmingham’s Interracial Committee that desegregated elevators in the city’s office buildings. In the 1920’s, he led efforts to finance the state’s schools by promoting a property tax. He was president of Temple Emanu-El in Birmingham from 1937 to 1940.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39347/file/110725#t=3300.0,3330.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39347/file/110725/annotation_set/445/annotation/240","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eDorothy Selig Joel’s father Simon Selig (Sr.) founded Selig Chemical Company in 1896, after working as a sales representative for West Chemical Corporation in New York.  Originally Selig Chemicals manufactured and sold home cleaning products (soaps, dispensers, disinfectant, etc.), insecticides and other consumer goods. In 1968 ZEP purchased Selig Industries and today it manufactures cleaning products and programs to the industrial and institutional markets. \u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39347/file/110725#t=3420.0,3450.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39347/file/110725/annotation_set/445/annotation/241","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eBenjamin (Ben) J. Massell (1886-1962) was a civic and community leader in both the Jewish and general communities of Atlanta. In the early 1900’s, he and his two brothers, Sam and Levi, founded the Massell Realty Company, which had a hand in the development and sale of several landmark properties in Atlanta. Civic leader Ivan Allen, Sr., was known to say, “Sherman burned Atlanta and Ben Massell built it back.” Ben Massell was the uncle of former Atlanta mayor Sam Massell.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39347/file/110725#t=3480.0,3510.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39347/file/110725/annotation_set/445/annotation/242","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eDorothy Ruth Bayersdorfer Oberdorfer (1905-1978), wife of Donald Oberdorfer. She was president of the Atlanta section of the National Council of Jewish Women and chairman of the Atlanta Area Gray Ladies of the American Red Cross during World War II. She was a graduate of Goucher College and a member of The Temple and Temple Sinai.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39347/file/110725#t=3870.0,3900.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39347/file/110725/annotation_set/445/annotation/243","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eHadassah, the Women’s Zionist Organization of America, is a volunteer organization founded in 1912 by Henrietta Szold, with more than 300,000 members and supporters worldwide. It supports health care and medical research, education and youth programs in Israel, and advocacy, education, and leadership development in the United States. \u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39347/file/110725#t=4080.0,4110.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39347/file/110725/annotation_set/445/annotation/244","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eAnti-Zionist, historically, described those who were opposed to the creation of a Jewish homeland in the Land of Israel, and describes those who oppose the State of Israel currently.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39347/file/110725#t=4110.0,4140.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39347/file/110725/annotation_set/445/annotation/245","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eZionism is a movement that supports a Jewish national state in the territory defined as the Land of Israel. Although Zionism existed before the nineteenth century, in the 1890’s Theodor Herzl popularized it and gave it a new urgency, as he believed that Jewish life in Europe was threatened and a State of Israel was needed. The State of Israel was established in 1948 and Zionism today is expressed as support for the continued existence of Israel.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39347/file/110725#t=4110.0,4140.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39347/file/110725/annotation_set/445/annotation/246","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eEléonore Raoul Greene (1888-1983] was born in Staten Island, New York. In 1917, she became the first woman admitted to Emory University and the first female graduate of the Lamar School of Law of Emory University in 1920. Greene served as chair of the Fulton and DeKalb County branches of the Equal Suffrage Party of Georgia. She went on to work with the national party as a field organizer in West Virginia and at its headquarters in New York. In the early 1920s she helped to organize the Atlanta League of Women Voters and served as its president in 1922 and 1930.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39347/file/110725#t=4260.0,4290.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39347/file/110725/annotation_set/445/annotation/247","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe Raoul family, which was centered primarily in Savannah and Atlanta, Georgia, included patriarch William Greene Raoul (1843-1914) and matriarch Mary Wadley Raoul (1848-1946) and their 11 children: Mary Raoul Millis, William Greene Raoul, Jr., Gaston C. Raoul, Thomas Wadley Raoul, Rebecca Barnard, Agnes Raoul, Rosine Raoul, Loring Raoul, Eleonore Raoul, Norman Raoul, and Edward Raoul. William Greene Raoul was a president of the Central Georgia Railroad Company. The family affiliated with the Episcopal Church and was prominent for developing their summer residence into a resort, Albemarle Park in Asheville, North Carolina, which is now listed in the National Register of Historic Places.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39347/file/110725#t=4260.0,4290.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39347/file/110725/annotation_set/445/annotation/248","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eHarry Letcher Greene (1896-1974) was a native of Tifton, Georgia and an Atlanta attorney. He received a law degree from Emory University in 1920.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39347/file/110725#t=4260.0,4290.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39347/file/110725/annotation_set/445/annotation/249","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe National Conference of Christians and Jews (NCCJ) is an organization founded in 1928 to promote better understanding among Protestants, Catholics, and Jews. It is headquartered in New York City.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39347/file/110725#t=4350.0,4380.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39347/file/110725/annotation_set/445/annotation/250","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eJane Isabella Maguire Abram (1920-2009), a graduate of Florida State College for Women, was at one time a reporter and feature writer for a predecessor of the Orlando Sentinel-Star. She continued to file special features including stories of her life in Oxford, England, where, following World War II, her husband Morris Abram was a Rhodes Scholar. She was the author of On Shares: Ed Brown's Story.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39347/file/110725#t=4410.0,4440.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39347/file/110725/annotation_set/445/annotation/251","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eHenry Battey Troutman (1886-1978), along with his brother Robert, was one of the founding partners of Troutman-Sams, Schroder, Lockerman. After a 1972 merger, it eventually became what is now known as Troutman-Sanders, one of the largest law firms in Atlanta.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39347/file/110725#t=4410.0,4440.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39347/file/110725/annotation_set/445/annotation/252","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eMorris Abram was on the staff of prosecutors at the International Military Tribunal at Nuremberg. The Trial of Major War Criminals was held from November 20, 1945 to October 1, 1946 in Nuremberg, Germany and was widely covered by the media. An international military tribunal tried 22 leading German officials for war crimes in Nuremberg, Germany. Twelve prominent Nazi Party members were sentenced to death.  There were 12 additional tribunals including the trials of Nazi doctors, judges, industrialists and of the Einsatzgruppen (mobile killing squads) leaders.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39347/file/110725#t=4440.0,4470.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39347/file/110725/annotation_set/445/annotation/253","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eJames Curran Erskine Davis (1895-1981) was an attorney, judge, and legislator, who was born in Franklin, Georgia, and was a resident of Atlanta, Georgia. He was a state legislator from DeKalb County, Georgia (1924-1928), an attorney for the Georgia Department of Industrial Relations (1928-1831) and for DeKalb County (1931-1934), a Georgia Superior Court judge (1934-1946), and a Georgia representative to the United States Congress (1947-1963).\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39347/file/110725#t=4500.0,4530.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39347/file/110725/annotation_set/445/annotation/254","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eHerbert Henry Lehman (1878-1963) was born to a Reform Jewish family in New York City. He served as the 45th Governor of New York from 1933 until 1942 and as a Senator from 1949 until 1957. Franklin Delano Roosevelt preceded him as Governor.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39347/file/110725#t=4650.0,4680.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39347/file/110725/annotation_set/445/annotation/255","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eFiorello Henry La Guardia (1882-1947) was an American politician. He is best known for being the 99th Mayor of New York City for three terms from 1934 to 1945. He was a United States Congressman from 1916 to 1920, and from 1922 to 1930.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39347/file/110725#t=4650.0,4680.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39347/file/110725/annotation_set/445/annotation/256","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eJohn Vliet Lindsay (1921-2000) was an American politician, lawyer, and broadcaster. During his political career, Lindsay was a U.S. congressman, mayor of New York City, candidate for U.S. president, and regular guest host of Good Morning America. He served as a member of the United States House of Representatives from January 1959 to December 1965 and as mayor of New York City from January 1966 to December 1973. He switched from the Republican to the Democratic Party in 1971, and launched a brief and unsuccessful bid for the 1972 Democratic presidential nomination as well as the 1980 Democratic nomination for Senator from New York.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39347/file/110725#t=4680.0,4710.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39347/file/110725/annotation_set/445/annotation/257","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eOswald Garrison Villard (1872-1949) was an American journalist and editor of the New York Evening Post. He was a civil rights activist, a founding member of the NAACP (National Association for the Advancement of Colored People). He inherited The Nation magazine in 1900. He sold it in 1935.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39347/file/110725#t=4740.0,4770.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39347/file/110725/annotation_set/445/annotation/258","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe Nation is the oldest continuously published weekly magazine in the United States, and the most widely read weekly journal of progressive political and cultural news, opinion, and analysis. It was founded on July 6, 1865, as a successor to William Lloyd Garrison's The Liberator. Wendell Phillips Garrison, son of William Lloyd Garrison, was Literary Editor from 1865 to 1906. In 1881, it was acquired by William’s son-in-law,, Henry Villard. In 1900, Henry Villard's son, Oswald Garrison Villard, inherited the magazine. He sold it in 1935.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39347/file/110725#t=4740.0,4770.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39347/file/110725/annotation_set/445/annotation/259","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eWilliam Lloyd Garrison (1805-1879) was a prominent American abolitionist, journalist, suffragist, and social reformer. He is best known as the editor of the abolitionist newspaper The Liberator, which he founded with Isaac Knapp in 1831 and published in Massachusetts until slavery was abolished by Constitutional amendment after the American Civil War. He was one of the founders of the American Anti-Slavery Society, and promoted \"immediate emancipation\" of slaves in the United States.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39347/file/110725#t=4770.0,4800.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39347/file/110725/annotation_set/445/annotation/260","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eReconstruction lasted between 1865 (the end of the Civil War) and 1877. It was the transformation of the southern United States as directed from Washington, including the re-establishment of state governments and instituting new standards for civil society, such as directing the legal status of freedman, rights to vote, etc. In addition, the southern states had been devastated physically and literally needed to be rebuilt.  Each state had to reconstitute their government and then be formally reseated in Congress, to be restored to the Union. This period was greatly resented by the southerners as it was in the hands of the interloping northern victors.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39347/file/110725#t=4800.0,4830.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39347/file/110725/annotation_set/445/annotation/261","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eAn ethnic slur, usually directed at black people. The word originated as a neutral term referring to people with black skin, as a variation of the Spanish and Portuguese noun negro, a descendant of the Latin adjective niger (black). By the mid-twentieth century, particularly in the United States, its usage became unambiguously pejorative, a racist insult. It began to disappear from popular culture, and its continued inclusion in classic works of literature has sparked controversy. In the United States and United Kingdom, using the word \"nigger\" is considered extremely offensive, and it is often replaced with the euphemism \"the N-word\".\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39347/file/110725#t=4830.0,4860.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39347/file/110725/annotation_set/445/annotation/262","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eTheodore Roosevelt (1858-1919) was the 26th President of the United States from 1901-1909.  He was the vice-president and when President McKinley was assassinated on September 6, 1901 Roosevelt became President.  Known as ‘TR’ or ‘Teddy Roosevelt’ his famous slogan was “Speak softly and carry a big stick.”  He is also known for the ‘Rough Riders,’ a volunteer cavalry regiment he formed that fought in Cuba in the Spanish-American War.  He was a Democrat and started a third party of his own, the Bull Moose Party.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39347/file/110725#t=4860.0,4890.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39347/file/110725/annotation_set/445/annotation/263","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eDonald Oberdorfer (1901-1984) was born in Atlanta, Georgia, the son of Eugene and Daisy Oberdorfer. He founded Oberdorfer Insurance Associates, Inc. in 1921, and served as its president until his retirement in 1969, when he became chairman of its board. He was a graduate of the University of Georgia, where he played center on its football team, and was president of the alumni class in 1921. He was a noted civic leader serving as president of the Atlanta Jewish Community Council, president of the Anti-Defamation League of B’nai B’rith, president of the Joint Defense League, and vice president of the National Jewish Welfare Board. He was also a longtime director of the Atlanta chapter of the American Red Cross, chairman of the state USO during World War II and co-chairman of the Atlanta Community Chest. He was a president of the Standard Club, a member of the G Club, Phi Epsilon Phi, The Temple and Temple Sinai.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39347/file/110725#t=4920.0,4950.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39347/file/110725/annotation_set/445/annotation/264","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eEdgar Sigmund Lieberman, Jr. (1896-1988) was a native of Atlanta, Georgia, who resided in both Atlanta and Charleston, South Carolina. He graduated from Clemson Agricultural College in 1918 with a degree in architecture. He was married to Marian Kriegshaber Lieberman.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39347/file/110725#t=5010.0,5040.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39347/file/110725/annotation_set/445/annotation/265","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eSissy is a pejorative term, especially in the United States, for an effeminate boy or man, with connotations of being homosexual or cowardly.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39347/file/110725#t=5040.0,5070.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39347/file/110725/annotation_set/445/annotation/266","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eFalcon Picnic, an annual summer weekend gathering for German-Jewish singles in Montgomery, Alabama before World War II. From 1931 to the late 1950’s, courtship weekends in southern cities included Montgomery, Alabama’s ‘Falcon,’ Birmingham, Alabama’s ‘Jubilee,’ Columbus, Georgia’s ‘Holly Days,’ and Atlanta, Georgia’s ‘Ballyhoo.’  They were attended by college-age Jewish youth from across the South who participated in rounds of breakfast dates, lunch dates, tea dance dates, early evening dates, late night dates, formal dances, and cocktail parties, with the goal of meeting a “nice Jewish boy or girl” who might well become a spouse. \u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39347/file/110725#t=5100.0,5130.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39347/file/110725/annotation_set/445/annotation/267","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eRhoda Kaufman (1889-1956) was a pioneer social worker who was born and raised in Columbus, Georgia. She resided in Atlanta, Georgia after graduating from Vanderbilt University in 1909. She headed the Georgia State Department of Welfare from 1923 to 1929, was executive secretary of the Family Welfare Society from 1930 to 1937. During this time, the Ku Klux Klan campaigned against her and what they considered “state and government interference.” The Klan tried to dismantle the Welfare Department and distributed a slanderous, anti-Semitic letter in 1928, which led to her resignation. She then headed the Atlanta Social Planning Council from 1937 to 1945. She was instrumental in getting Georgia to create the state’s first reform school for girls and the first school for developmentally disabled children (then called the Georgia Training School for Mental Defectives). She received recognition as Atlanta’s “Woman of the Year” in welfare work1944 and in the 1938-1939 Who’s Who in American Jewry for her leadership in social work.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39347/file/110725#t=5160.0,5190.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39347/file/110725/annotation_set/445/annotation/268","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe Ku Klux Klan (KKK or Knights of the Ku Klux Klan today) is a white supremacist, white nationalist, anti-immigration, anti-Jewish, anti-Catholic, anti-black secret society, whose methods included terrorism and murder.  It was founded in the South in the 1860’s and then died out and come back several times, most notably in the 1920’s when membership soared again, and then again in the 1960’s during the civil rights era. When the Klan was re-founded in 1915 in Georgia, the event was marked by a cross burning on Stone Mountain. In the past it members dressed up in white robes and a pointed hat designed to hide their identity and to terrify. It is still in existence.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39347/file/110725#t=5190.0,5220.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39347/file/110725/annotation_set/445/annotation/269","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eRabbi Jacob Rothschild was rabbi of the city’s oldest Reform congregation, The Temple, in Atlanta, Georgia from 1946 until his death in 1973 from a heart attack. He forged close relationships with the city’s Christian clergy and distinguished himself as a charismatic spokesperson for civil rights.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39347/file/110725#t=5250.0,5280.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39347/file/110725/annotation_set/445/annotation/270","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eJanice married Rabbi Jacob Rothschild, a prominent and well-known rabbi of The Temple in Atlanta. Rabbi Rothschild died in 1974.  Janice later remarried and moved to Washington, D.C. with her second husband, David Blumberg. She has held leadership positions in numerous organizations, including the B'nai B'rith Klutznick National Jewish Museum, and served as president of the Southern Jewish Historical Society. She has lectured at universities, synagogues, museums and academic conferences across the country. In addition to authoring and contributing to several books, she has written articles for the Encyclopedia Judaica, Southern Jewish History, The Atlanta Journal and Constitution Sunday Magazine.  In 2012 she returned to Atlanta to live.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39347/file/110725#t=5280.0,5310.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39347/file/110725/annotation_set/445/annotation/271","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe Association of Southern Women for the Prevention of Lynching (ASWPL) was a women's organization founded by Jessie Daniel Ames in Atlanta, Georgia in 1930, to lobby and campaign against the lynching of African Americans. The group was made up of middle- and upper-class white women\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39347/file/110725#t=5340.0,5370.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39347/file/110725/annotation_set/445/annotation/272","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eDorothy Rogers Tilly (1883-1970) was an American activist in the Women's Missionary Society (WMS), Commission on Interracial Cooperation (CIC), Association of Southern Women for the Prevention of Lynching, Southern Regional Council, Fulton-DeKalb Commission on Interracial Cooperation, and Fellowship of the Concerned (FOC). She was also appointed to the President's Committee on Civil Rights in 1946 by Harry S. Truman.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39347/file/110725#t=5370.0,5400.0"}]},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39347/file/110725/index/47793","type":"AnnotationPage","label":{"en":["Heyman, Josephine [Index]"]},"items":[{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39347/file/110725/index/47793/annotation/273","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Family and childhood","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Title"]}}],"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39347/file/110725#t=14.0,679.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39347/file/110725/index/47793/annotation/274","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I'd like you to first start by talking about your mother's family.","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Partial Transcript"]}}],"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39347/file/110725#t=14.0,679.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39347/file/110725/index/47793/annotation/275","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"family","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"father","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"home","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"memories","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"mother","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"relatives","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}}],"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39347/file/110725#t=14.0,679.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39347/file/110725/index/47793/annotation/276","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Confirmation, World War I, family continued","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Title"]}}],"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39347/file/110725#t=679.0,1720.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39347/file/110725/index/47793/annotation/277","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"In the Jewish setting within The Temple, were you confirmed at The Temple? Did you go to Sunday School?","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Partial Transcript"]}}],"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39347/file/110725#t=679.0,1720.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39347/file/110725/index/47793/annotation/278","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"confirmation","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"cousin","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"family","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"World War I","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}}],"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39347/file/110725#t=679.0,1720.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39347/file/110725/index/47793/annotation/279","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Jewish leaders","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Title"]}}],"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39347/file/110725#t=1720.0,2173.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39347/file/110725/index/47793/annotation/280","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Did you know any of the Orthodox East European Jews?","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Partial Transcript"]}}],"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39347/file/110725#t=1720.0,2173.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39347/file/110725/index/47793/annotation/281","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"community leaders","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Jewish organizations","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"rabbis","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"synagogue","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}}],"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39347/file/110725#t=1720.0,2173.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39347/file/110725/index/47793/annotation/282","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Holidays and family continued","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Title"]}}],"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39347/file/110725#t=2173.0,2542.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39347/file/110725/index/47793/annotation/283","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Let me ask you a silly question. Did your family celebrate Christmas?","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Partial Transcript"]}}],"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39347/file/110725#t=2173.0,2542.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39347/file/110725/index/47793/annotation/284","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"children","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Christmas","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"family","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Hanukkah","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"mother","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Passover","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Purim","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}}],"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39347/file/110725#t=2173.0,2542.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39347/file/110725/index/47793/annotation/285","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Education","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Title"]}}],"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39347/file/110725#t=2542.0,3214.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39347/file/110725/index/47793/annotation/286","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Let's go back to your high school. What high school did you go to?","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Partial Transcript"]}}],"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39347/file/110725#t=2542.0,3214.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39347/file/110725/index/47793/annotation/287","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"college","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"education","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"friends","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"high school","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Smith College","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"teachers","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}}],"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39347/file/110725#t=2542.0,3214.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39347/file/110725/index/47793/annotation/288","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Extended family and husband","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Title"]}}],"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39347/file/110725#t=3214.0,3827.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39347/file/110725/index/47793/annotation/289","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"What was your relationship with your extended family: people in Rome, Georgia, people in Montgomery, Alabama, people in New Orleans, and people in Kentucky? What was your relationship with cousins?","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Partial Transcript"]}}],"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39347/file/110725#t=3214.0,3827.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39347/file/110725/index/47793/annotation/290","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"brothers","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"courtship","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"extended family","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"husband","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"in-laws","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}}],"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39347/file/110725#t=3214.0,3827.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39347/file/110725/index/47793/annotation/291","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Volunteer work","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Title"]}}],"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39347/file/110725#t=3827.0,4382.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39347/file/110725/index/47793/annotation/292","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"You very quickly got into volunteer work. Tell me about the volunteer work that you did.","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Partial Transcript"]}}],"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39347/file/110725#t=3827.0,4382.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39347/file/110725/index/47793/annotation/293","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"clubs","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"organizations","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"volunteer work","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}}],"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39347/file/110725#t=3827.0,4382.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39347/file/110725/index/47793/annotation/294","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Morris Abram","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Title"]}}],"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39347/file/110725#t=4382.0,5306.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39347/file/110725/index/47793/annotation/295","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Later on, your husband became associated with Morris Abram?","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Partial Transcript"]}}],"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39347/file/110725#t=4382.0,5306.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39347/file/110725/index/47793/annotation/296","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"husband","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Morris Abram","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"politics","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}}],"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39347/file/110725#t=4382.0,5306.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39347/file/110725/index/47793/annotation/297","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Civil Rights","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Title"]}}],"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39347/file/110725#t=5306.0,5556.87184"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39347/file/110725/index/47793/annotation/298","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Did you get involved {01:28:30} in the Civil Rights Movement in the 1950's and 1960's?","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Partial Transcript"]}}],"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39347/file/110725#t=5306.0,5556.87184"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39347/file/110725/index/47793/annotation/299","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"civil rights","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"lynching","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"race relations","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}}],"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39347/file/110725#t=5306.0,5556.87184"}]}]}]}