{"@context":"http://iiif.io/api/presentation/3/context.json","id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/iiif/1n7xk85026/manifest","type":"Manifest","label":{"en":["Bearman, Howard"]},"logo":"https://d9jk7wjtjpu5g.cloudfront.net/organizations/logo_images/000/000/082/original/TheBreman_SecondaryMark_Horizontal_Blue_Black.png?1713640889","metadata":[{"label":{"en":["Date"]},"value":{"en":["2009-01-28 (creation)"]}},{"label":{"en":["Format"]},"value":{"en":["Video"]}},{"label":{"en":["Description"]},"value":{"en":["\u003cp\u003eHoward Bearman interviewed by Sandra Berman on January 28, 2009 in Birmingham, Alabama.\u003c/p\u003e (general)","\u003cp\u003eHoward Bearman was born December 11, 1935, in Birmingham, Alabama.  His grandparents immigrated to the United States from Kobryn, Poland, in the 1910’s.  His father was born in Savannah, Georgia.  The Bearman family came to Birmingham with a cousin, who was in the retail business.  His father settled in Birmingham and opened Bearman’s Men’s clothing store in downtown Birmingham.  \u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eHoward’s family were members of Temple Beth-El, a conservative temple in Birmingham.   His family was traditional and kept a kosher home.  They walked to shul but worked on Shabbat.  He was bar mitzvahed at Temple Beth-El with Rabbi Abraham Mesch. \u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eHoward attended Glen Iris Elementary School and Ramsay High School.   He graduated from the University of Alabama in 1961 with a degree in medicine.   He did his residency in Cleveland, Ohio, and returned to Birmingham.  Growing up, Howard mainly socialized with other Jewish children his age and belonged to youth groups such as Aleph Zadik Aleph and Young Judaea. \u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eHoward is currently a pediatrician at Pediatrics East – Children’s of Alabama.   His wife, Suzanne Bearman, is from North Carolina.  They have four children and ten grandchildren.   The children live in Birmingham and in Chapel Hill, North Carolina.\u003c/p\u003e (bioghist)","\u003cp\u003eHoward Bearman talks about the Bearman family, who immigrated from Kobryn, Poland, in the 1910’s.   He recounts that his father is from Savannah, Georgia, and settled in Birmingham, Alabama, with a cousin who was in the retail business.   He discusses his father’s store, Bearman’s Men’s clothing store, in downtown Birmingham.  He reflects on working in the store from a young age.  He speaks of having good relations with the black clientele. \u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eHoward describes growing up in Birmingham and his childhood as being fairly traditional, keeping a kosher home and walking to shul.  He reflects on his bar mitzvah with Rabbi Abraham Mesch.  He talks about the two main synagogues and Jewish country clubs in Birmingham.  He recalls the Jewish delicatessens and kosher butchers in Birmingham and reflects on childhood memories.  He mentions having joined Aleph Zadik Aleph for Young Men in his teens and meeting his wife, Suzanne Bearman, at Camp Blue Star.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eHe discusses the civil rights era in Birmingham, his family’s relationship with domestic help, and the relationships with black clientele at his father’s store.  He talks about his education in Birmingham from grade school through medical school at the University of Alabama.  He talks about his residency in Cleveland, Ohio.     \u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eHoward discusses his wife, children, and grandchildren.\u003c/p\u003e (scope content)"]}},{"label":{"en":["Source Metadata URI"]},"value":{"en":["https://archivesspace.thebreman.org/repositories/2/archival_objects/28415"]}},{"label":{"en":["Rights Statement"]},"value":{"en":["\u003cp\u003eAll rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, recorded by any information storage and retrieval system, without the express written consent of the William Breman Jewish Heritage Museum.\u003c/p\u003e"]}}],"summary":{"en":["\u003cp\u003eHoward Bearman interviewed by Sandra Berman on January 28, 2009 in Birmingham, Alabama.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eHoward Bearman was born December 11, 1935, in Birmingham, Alabama.  His grandparents immigrated to the United States from Kobryn, Poland, in the 1910’s.  His father was born in Savannah, Georgia.  The Bearman family came to Birmingham with a cousin, who was in the retail business.  His father settled in Birmingham and opened Bearman’s Men’s clothing store in downtown Birmingham.  \u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eHoward’s family were members of Temple Beth-El, a conservative temple in Birmingham.   His family was traditional and kept a kosher home.  They walked to shul but worked on Shabbat.  He was bar mitzvahed at Temple Beth-El with Rabbi Abraham Mesch. \u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eHoward attended Glen Iris Elementary School and Ramsay High School.   He graduated from the University of Alabama in 1961 with a degree in medicine.   He did his residency in Cleveland, Ohio, and returned to Birmingham.  Growing up, Howard mainly socialized with other Jewish children his age and belonged to youth groups such as Aleph Zadik Aleph and Young Judaea. \u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eHoward is currently a pediatrician at Pediatrics East – Children’s of Alabama.   His wife, Suzanne Bearman, is from North Carolina.  They have four children and ten grandchildren.   The children live in Birmingham and in Chapel Hill, North Carolina.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eHoward Bearman talks about the Bearman family, who immigrated from Kobryn, Poland, in the 1910’s.   He recounts that his father is from Savannah, Georgia, and settled in Birmingham, Alabama, with a cousin who was in the retail business.   He discusses his father’s store, Bearman’s Men’s clothing store, in downtown Birmingham.  He reflects on working in the store from a young age.  He speaks of having good relations with the black clientele. \u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eHoward describes growing up in Birmingham and his childhood as being fairly traditional, keeping a kosher home and walking to shul.  He reflects on his bar mitzvah with Rabbi Abraham Mesch.  He talks about the two main synagogues and Jewish country clubs in Birmingham.  He recalls the Jewish delicatessens and kosher butchers in Birmingham and reflects on childhood memories.  He mentions having joined Aleph Zadik Aleph for Young Men in his teens and meeting his wife, Suzanne Bearman, at Camp Blue Star.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eHe discusses the civil rights era in Birmingham, his family’s relationship with domestic help, and the relationships with black clientele at his father’s store.  He talks about his education in Birmingham from grade school through medical school at the University of Alabama.  He talks about his residency in Cleveland, Ohio.     \u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eHoward discusses his wife, children, and grandchildren.\u003c/p\u003e"]},"requiredStatement":{"label":{"en":["Attribution"]},"value":{"en":["\u003cp\u003eAll rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, recorded by any information storage and retrieval system, without the express written consent of the William Breman Jewish Heritage Museum.\u003c/p\u003e"]}},"provider":[{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/aboutus","type":"Agent","label":{"en":["William Breman Jewish Heritage Museum"]},"homepage":[{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/","type":"Text","label":{"en":["William Breman Jewish Heritage Museum"]},"format":"text/html"}],"logo":[{"id":"https://d9jk7wjtjpu5g.cloudfront.net/organizations/logo_images/000/000/082/original/TheBreman_SecondaryMark_Horizontal_Blue_Black.png?1713640889","type":"Image"}]}],"thumbnail":[{"id":"https://d9jk7wjtjpu5g.cloudfront.net/collection_resource_files/thumbnails/000/110/539/small/Howard_Bearman.png?1619294397","type":"Image","format":"image/png"}],"items":[{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39195/file/110539","type":"Canvas","label":{"en":["Media File 1 of 1 - Bearman_Howard.mp4"]},"duration":1936.262,"width":640,"height":360,"thumbnail":[{"id":"https://d9jk7wjtjpu5g.cloudfront.net/collection_resource_files/thumbnails/000/110/539/small/Howard_Bearman.png?1619294397","type":"Image","format":"image/png"}],"items":[{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39195/file/110539/content/1","type":"AnnotationPage","items":[{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39195/file/110539/content/1/annotation/1","type":"Annotation","motivation":"painting","body":{"id":"https://aviary-p-thebreman.s3.wasabisys.com/collection_resource_files/resource_files/000/110/539/original/Bearman_Howard.mp4?1615047108","type":"Video","format":"video/mp4","duration":1936.262,"width":640,"height":360},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39195/file/110539","metadata":[]}]}],"annotations":[{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39195/file/110539/transcript/24857","type":"AnnotationPage","label":{"en":["Howard Bearman [Transcript]"]},"items":[{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39195/file/110539/transcript/24857/annotation/1","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"BERMAN: It is January 28, 2009. I'm with Howard Bearman, who has agreed to be interviewed for the Esther and Herbert Taylor Oral History Project of the William Breman Jewish Heritage Museum. My name is Sandy Berman. I'm the archivist at the Breman. I'm very glad that you agreed to participate in this project.\n\nBEARMAN: My pleasure.\n\nBERMAN: I'd like to begin by asking you when you were born and how your family ended up in the south, Savannah [Georgia], one part of it, and then Birmingham [Alabama]. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39195/file/110539#t=0.0,30.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39195/file/110539/transcript/24857/annotation/2","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"If you could tell me the names and dates of the parents and grandparents.\n\nBEARMAN: I was born December 11, 1935, in Birmingham on the Southside, not too far from where we are. I grew up here through high school. I went to [University of] Alabama through medical school. I was educated here. My father was born in Savannah. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39195/file/110539#t=30.0,60.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39195/file/110539/transcript/24857/annotation/3","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"We don't know much about his family. His father died when he was an infant. He never knew much about him. I've tried to find out about him. I'm not sure where he came from. We think Eastern Europe, Russia, Poland.\n\nBERMAN: What where their names?\n\nBEARMAN: Bearman. My father's side were Bearman, my grandfather.\n\nBERMAN: His first name was?\n\nBEARMAN: Abraham.\n\nBERMAN: Your father's name was?\n\nBEARMAN: ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39195/file/110539#t=60.0,90.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39195/file/110539/transcript/24857/annotation/4","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Nathan Sol Bearman. Why he came to Birmingham. He went to the University of Alabama. Out of high school you could go to law school. He went to law school. His family came to Birmingham. Why they came, I don't know, except I think they probably were friends with my mother's family. They may have come from Kobryn [Poland], which is where she came from. She was born in Kobryn. Sadie ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39195/file/110539#t=90.0,120.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39195/file/110539/transcript/24857/annotation/5","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Cohen Bearman. They came here in the 1910's. It was the typical story. They had a cousin for some reason that came to Birmingham and got into the retail business, and they started sending family members. They all ended up in\nBirmingham. I think ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39195/file/110539#t=120.0,150.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39195/file/110539/transcript/24857/annotation/6","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"their family must have known my father's family. Otherwise, I don't know why he came from Savannah. He practiced law for a couple of years with a guy named Luther Patrick, who was a U.S. [United States] Senator. His mother told him he had to help support his brother because his brother was not a real strong person, educationally. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39195/file/110539#t=150.0,180.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39195/file/110539/transcript/24857/annotation/7","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"My daddy was real bright. He went into the retail business\n\nBERMAN: He left law?\n\nBEARMAN: He left law. It's kind of a sad story. He also sang professionally. They had a little band. That was how he paid his way through . . . they didn't have any money. Real poor. He paid his way through law school. The story he told us was he serenaded the sororities, and they would throw money down to him. I don't know [if] that's true, but it sounds good.\n\nBERMAN: ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39195/file/110539#t=180.0,210.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39195/file/110539/transcript/24857/annotation/8","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"What law school did he go to?\n\nBEARMAN: University of Alabama.\n\nBERMAN: What retail business did he go into?\n\nBEARMAN: He started a store downtown Birmingham, a men's store. It did okay until the Second World War, and then it prospered.\n\nBERMAN: Was it Bearman's?\n\nBEARMAN: Bearman's Men's clothing store. That was where my brother . . . I had one brother. He is dead. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39195/file/110539#t=210.0,240.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39195/file/110539/transcript/24857/annotation/9","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"We grew up in that store. We worked for the Christmas holidays, when my sweet mild mannered father became a dictator and screamed at\nyou. My wife could not get over the change. That was the whole year. That was a three-week period. We worked there. He put two sons through medical school and made a nice living.\n\nBERMAN: ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39195/file/110539#t=240.0,270.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39195/file/110539/transcript/24857/annotation/10","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Was it just men's clothing?\n\nBEARMAN: Just men's clothing, pretty upscale. Charlin's, Stetson's, and Levi's. That kind of stuff. It was around all the Jewish stores, the Pizitz's [Louis Pizitz]. People you haven't interviewed yet. There was an almost kosher butcher around the corner, delicatessens, and all the stores downtown. A vast majority of them were Jewish owed. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39195/file/110539#t=270.0,300.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39195/file/110539/transcript/24857/annotation/11","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"It was a nice place to hang out.\n\nBERMAN: Did you live in that area as well?\n\nBEARMAN: No. We had a streetcar that came by our house on the Southside that took us downtown and back. The Jewish Community Center, which was the YMHA, the Young Men's Hebrew Association , was about four or five blocks from my dad's\nstore. I'd go down there and shoot pool, swim, or play basketball. I'd go to the store and hang out. That kind of stuff.\n\nBERMAN: ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39195/file/110539#t=300.0,330.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39195/file/110539/transcript/24857/annotation/12","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Was the store sales staff all white?\n\nBEARMAN: The clientele was probably half and half. White-black. We always had at least one salesman who was black. It wasn't that big [of] a store. It was my father, his brother, and usually one or two or three salespeople.\n\nBERMAN: ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39195/file/110539#t=330.0,360.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39195/file/110539/transcript/24857/annotation/13","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Were the black clientele allowed to use the dressing rooms in the store?\n\nBEARMAN: Yes. The dressing rooms. As I recall . . . you go upstairs. It was not very formal. There was only one bathroom. There was not a water fountain. We were adjacent to a hotel, the Hotel Hillman. You could go into the hotel and use the water fountain. They were separate. They were just like everything else in the south. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39195/file/110539#t=360.0,390.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39195/file/110539/transcript/24857/annotation/14","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"My dad had a lot of black clients and friends, but they were not friends he went out with. He didn't go out with anybody.\n\nBERMAN: You were members of . . . ?\n\nBEARMAN: [Temple] Beth-El.\n\nBERMAN: Were your parents involved in the founding of Beth-El?\n\nBEARMAN: I don't think they really were. Looking ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39195/file/110539#t=390.0,420.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39195/file/110539/transcript/24857/annotation/15","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"back at it, I don't think they were terribly involved in the community. They were fairy traditional. We walked to shul on the holidays, but we worked on Shabbat . We lit candles. We had challah. We had a kosher home.\n\nBERMAN: You did have a kosher home?\n\nBEARMAN: Yes, we were pretty traditional.\n\nBERMAN: I've been told it was difficult to keep kosher in Birmingham.\n\nBEARMAN: No, it wasn't that difficult.\n\nBERMAN: There was a kosher butcher shop?\n\nBEARMAN: ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39195/file/110539#t=420.0,450.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39195/file/110539/transcript/24857/annotation/16","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"It was off and on kosher butchers here. None of them did well. One of them sold treif meat. I know he did. I don't know where we got our meat from. I'm sure it was frozen brought in from somewhere. When my wife [Suzanne Bearman] and I were first married we lived here. We used to ship it from North Carolina from Greenville, Greensboro. Wherever ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39195/file/110539#t=450.0,480.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39195/file/110539/transcript/24857/annotation/17","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"there was a kosher butcher, and we'd pick it up. They've tried over the years to have a kosher butcher here. Not so easy.\n\nBERMAN: You went to public school?\n\nBEARMAN: [I] went to public school. I went to Glen Iris Elementary School and Ramsay High School. All of them are almost walking distance from here. This is my neighborhood.\n\nBERMAN: ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39195/file/110539#t=480.0,510.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39195/file/110539/transcript/24857/annotation/18","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"In 1960, you were how old?\n\nBEARMAN: Twenty-five.\n\nBERMAN: Were you still in Birmingham, or was that when you were in Cleveland [Ohio]?\n\nBEARMAN: I went to Cleveland in . . . I graduated from medical school in 1961. In 1961 and 1963 I was in Cleveland.\n\nBERMAN: I was wondering what is your recollection of that whole era, that time?\n\nBEARMAN: ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39195/file/110539#t=510.0,540.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39195/file/110539/transcript/24857/annotation/19","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"No. I pretty much missed it. We were gone during the bad times. I was in Cleveland for two years. I was in New Hampshire for two years in the [United States] Air Force. I caught a lot of flack while I was in Cleveland because what was going on in Birmingham. I'll tell you about my home town. My chief resident\nwas black, and he couldn't get his haircut in ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39195/file/110539#t=540.0,570.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39195/file/110539/transcript/24857/annotation/20","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"the university hospital barbershop. I never tried to defend Birmingham. I thought it was awful what we were doing, but I thought the hypocrisy of it was . . .\n\nBERMAN: I've often thought that myself.\n\nBEARMAN: All the guys I trained with, guys and girls, were all northeastern. One was from Yale [University]. One was from Columbia [University]. One from [Albert] Einstein [College of Medicine]. I was the only southerner. I was ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39195/file/110539#t=570.0,600.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39195/file/110539/transcript/24857/annotation/21","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"ripe for the picking, man. I caught a lot of it. It was bad here, but I really missed\nit. I didn't have much.\n\nBERMAN: But when you were younger in the 1950s and you were here do you recall when the schools started to get integrated. Was that an issue for you at all? Was it something that your family talked about?\n\nBEARMAN: No, and it's really a shame. I was probably the most liberal person in my family. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39195/file/110539#t=600.0,630.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39195/file/110539/transcript/24857/annotation/22","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"They didn't speak kindly of blacks. A lot of people took advantage, not my dad, but I know a lot of people downtown in business [who] overcharged, overtaxed. [They] would just add things to a bill. It was kind of sad the way\npeople got treated. No, I always kind of stood out in my family. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39195/file/110539#t=630.0,660.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39195/file/110539/transcript/24857/annotation/23","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"They didn't like me talking about it too much about inequality and that sort of thing. Actually, I didn't do anything. I knew it wasn't right, and that was about it. Everybody, I think, was afraid. There were a few exceptions, I guess. Not many business people or professional people that were willing to take a stand.\n\nBERMAN: ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39195/file/110539#t=660.0,690.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39195/file/110539/transcript/24857/annotation/24","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Or put their business on the line.\n\nBEARMAN: Right. Their business, their safety, their families. It's easy in retrospect to say a lot more should have been done. When I first came in practice in 1967, the Ku Klux Klan marched right by my office. It was not just a few kooks that everybody is yelling at. They were popular. They had a crowd. It's a little ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39195/file/110539#t=690.0,720.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39195/file/110539/transcript/24857/annotation/25","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"bit intimidating.\n\nBERMAN: Was your father's store targeted at all in the 1960's when all those stores started to get targeted by the sit-ins ?\n\nBEARMAN: No. Our store seemed to be pretty . . . by then it was probably more black than white. I don't think it affected us at all.\n\nBERMAN: Did you have any personal contact with people who were ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39195/file/110539#t=720.0,750.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39195/file/110539/transcript/24857/annotation/26","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"in any of the Citizens' Councils ? Did you know any of those individuals when you were in school or high school?\n\nBEARMAN: No, I didn't. We grew up in a neighborhood that was not many WASP's [White Anglo-Saxon Protestants]. There were many Greeks, Italians, Jews, Syrians, Lebanese, that sort of stuff. Then there was the black neighborhood ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39195/file/110539#t=750.0,780.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39195/file/110539/transcript/24857/annotation/27","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"abutting ours, but they went to their own schools. We went to our schools. Nobody really thought about that stuff much.\n\nBERMAN: Did you socialize mainly with other Jews growing up?\n\nBEARMAN: Yes. I didn't date anybody that wasn't Jewish. Yes, pretty much. I played football, so I had a lot of non-Jewish friends. I had that kind of ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39195/file/110539#t=780.0,810.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39195/file/110539/transcript/24857/annotation/28","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"relationship. But most of my real friends or parties I'd go to would be Jewish.\n\nBERMAN: Were you in YMHA? Were you in Young Judaea ? AZA [Aleph Zadik Aleph]?\n\nBEARMAN: AZA. Young Judaea. Youth group here. Yes, I did all the usual stuff.\n\nBERMAN: Were you bar mitzvahed here?\n\nBEARMAN: Yes.\n\nBERMAN: Rabbi [Abraham J.] Mesch? What can you tell me about him?\n\nBEARMAN: I was afraid of him.\n\nBERMAN: You're not the first person to have said that.\n\nBEARMAN: ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39195/file/110539#t=810.0,840.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39195/file/110539/transcript/24857/annotation/29","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"You look back, he was not that old. At the time as a kid, [he was] very austere. His daughter was just a couple of years older than me, but the whole family was kind of cool. Kind of aloof. She was a very smart woman, girl. She wasn't somebody you would just go hang out with. The whole family was that way. He was nice to me. He liked me. I was a good ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39195/file/110539#t=840.0,870.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39195/file/110539/transcript/24857/annotation/30","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"student. I never caused any trouble. What wasn't to like. I was always a little bit nervous around him.\n\nBERMAN: Do you feel he gave you anything spiritual?\n\nBEARMAN: No, I think he just made high-falutin speeches. My mind would be somewhere else.\n\nBERMAN: Did he get involved at all in anything that was going on? Did he talk about it at all?\n\nBEARMAN: No. I don't think so. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39195/file/110539#t=870.0,900.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39195/file/110539/transcript/24857/annotation/31","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I don't think he did anything. [Rabbi Milton L.] Grafman was really involved, but he wasn't. I know the cantor wasn't [involved].\n\nBERMAN: Why do you think Beth-El was targeted with a bomb if the rabbis were not involved?\n\nBEARMAN: I really don't have a clue. I think it was an easy place to get to. This whole side of the building was kind of hidden from the street. I don't know why they picked Beth-El.\n\nBERMAN: ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39195/file/110539#t=900.0,930.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39195/file/110539/transcript/24857/annotation/32","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Did you interact at all with the temple crowd?\n\nBEARMAN: As a kid? Yes. Birmingham at that time was pretty much separated, Beth-El from [Temple] Emanu-El. You ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39195/file/110539#t=930.0,960.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39195/file/110539/transcript/24857/annotation/33","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"probably heard all of this stuff. They had a separate country club. That was more of the German rich crowd. This was more the Russian, Polish, poorer crowd. That is kind of broad-stroking it, but that is\npretty much what it was. We did a lot. The guys I was friendly with went to the YMHA, played basketball with, and played a lot of sports with, so I intermingled. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39195/file/110539#t=960.0,990.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39195/file/110539/transcript/24857/annotation/34","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"But when we went out, it was pretty much you went out with this group of guys or girls, and they went out with that group of guys and girls.\n\nBERMAN: Did you attend Jubilee at all or hear about it?\n\nBEARMAN: Yes, I knew of Jubilee. I never went. I was a big deal.\n\nBERMAN: How come you never went?\n\nBEARMAN: We didn't have a lot, for one thing. It wasn't mostly my crowd that was involved with Jubilee. I don't know.\n\nBERMAN: ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39195/file/110539#t=990.0,1020.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39195/file/110539/transcript/24857/annotation/35","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Do you remember anybody talking about it?\n\nBEARMAN: Yes, it was a big deal.\n\nBERMAN: Parties and dress up and all that good stuff.\n\nBEARMAN: Sure.\n\nBERMAN: Do you think the Jewish community being in a southern city like Birmingham and kind of insulated from . . . or small in numbers, do you think there is a closeness that you don't get from larger . . . ?\n\nBEARMAN: Yes, no question about it. I think even in Atlanta, where we have family and friends. They don't know each other. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39195/file/110539#t=1020.0,1050.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39195/file/110539/transcript/24857/annotation/36","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Everybody gets in their own little area.\n\nBEARMAN: The percentage of people in town. I know a big percentage of people in town. Everybody gets invited to everything. It's a lot different than . . . I think this is the perfect size for raising a family. Maybe not so perfect for finding a spouse . . . probably Atlanta, a bigger town. For raising a family,\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39195/file/110539#t=1050.0,1080.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39195/file/110539/transcript/24857/annotation/37","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"having a pretty good life. You can be anything you want here. You can be president of any organization. You don't have to have a lot of money. It's a good community.\n\nBERMAN: Do you think it has changed a lot over the years?\n\nBEARMAN: I think it has integrated the Jews over the years a good bit. I think this business of the two synagogues, the two type of ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39195/file/110539#t=1080.0,1110.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39195/file/110539/transcript/24857/annotation/38","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Jews, is gone. I know my kids don't see it.\n\nBERMAN: Why do you think it went away? What happened?\n\nBEARMAN: When they got rid of two country clubs. Then everybody was naturally together. Otherwise, they were naturally apart.\n\nBERMAN: Which country club merged into the other one?\n\nBEARMAN: The Reformed [Judaism] country club, ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39195/file/110539#t=1110.0,1140.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39195/file/110539/transcript/24857/annotation/39","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I think, was too expensive a golf course. I think they had trouble. I don't know. I wasn't there, but I think that was what happened with that.\n\nBERMAN: Are they all at the Hillcrest [Country Club] location now?\n\nBEARMAN: They are all at Pine Tree [Country Club]. Pine Tree is not where either one of them was. They bought some land and built a new country club. Closed the others.\n\nBERMAN: Is it still a social happening kind of place?\n\nBEARMAN: I don't even belong. I belonged for years. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39195/file/110539#t=1140.0,1170.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39195/file/110539/transcript/24857/annotation/40","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"It went a different way for me. It lost . . . It isn't a Jewish country club anymore. It is just a country club. They don't even have a semblance of a kashrut . They serve everything. They don't have any Shabbat semblance. It's just a country club.\n\nBERMAN: Though it is open to everybody?\n\nBEARMAN: Yes. The majority, I think, is not Jewish. The board, ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39195/file/110539#t=1170.0,1200.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39195/file/110539/transcript/24857/annotation/41","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I believe is all Jewish. I think the people that own it are all Jews. I haven't been a member a member for years.\n\nBERMAN: Do you know why they opened the membership like that?\n\nBEARMAN: Financially. That big golf course. Expensive to maintain it. It used to be it was the only restaurant in town. I mean, it was good. The food was good. It's nice to be with friends and all that stuff. As it got more and more open, ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39195/file/110539#t=1200.0,1230.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39195/file/110539/transcript/24857/annotation/42","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"it was less appealing to a lot of us. I wasn't because . . . the Jewish part was one. It really didn't offer anything. If you don't play golf . . . I don't play golf. We'd go out there and play tennis. I can play tennis around here where I live. It's better, cheaper, and closer. I don't know what goes on in Pine Tree, much.\n\nBERMAN: ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39195/file/110539#t=1230.0,1260.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39195/file/110539/transcript/24857/annotation/43","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Going back in time a little bit. When you were growing up, did you have African-American black help in the house?\n\nBEARMAN: Yes, when I was real little.\n\nBERMAN: Do you remember her name?\n\nBEARMAN: Mattie.\n\nBERMAN: Did you feel a connection with her?\n\nBEARMAN: Yes, I think so. There was someone else, I don't remember her name. My brother was five years older than me. I think they were real close. When I was growing up, we had somebody. She'd come ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39195/file/110539#t=1260.0,1290.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39195/file/110539/transcript/24857/annotation/44","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"three, four, five times a week and\nclean. I don't know what she did. My mother cooked, so she didn't cook. I think she ironed and did all the household chores. Probably paid her 50 cents a day or something ridiculous.\n\nBERMAN: Did you feel there was a real family kind of feeling?\n\nBEARMAN: Yes. When we first came back to Birmingham, we had ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39195/file/110539#t=1290.0,1320.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39195/file/110539/transcript/24857/annotation/45","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"part-time help. My kids would still call and visit until they died. They would always want to know what happened to Wessie and all these other women that used to work for us.\n\nBERMAN: But things were changing when you came back from Birmingham. Did you find it was different hiring African-Americans then? Was there a change in how they ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39195/file/110539#t=1320.0,1350.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39195/file/110539/transcript/24857/annotation/46","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"felt being the domestic?\n\nBEARMAN: Not early on, I don't think so. Then we quit after a while. We had services. They would come clean once a week. In the early . . . that was 1967, 1968, 1969 in there, I don't think there was a lot of difference. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39195/file/110539#t=1350.0,1380.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39195/file/110539/transcript/24857/annotation/47","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"They thought of themselves as more emancipated than my childhood growing up. It was a big\ndifference. It was still . . . if you saw. I remember driving down the street and one of my daughters saw a black person standing on the corner waiting for a bus and said, \"Whose maid is she?\" And just assumed she was a maid. That was a ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39195/file/110539#t=1380.0,1410.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39195/file/110539/transcript/24857/annotation/48","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"teaching opportunity.\n\nBERMAN: I've heard from a couple of our other members that there were some restricted neighborhoods, not just for African-Americans, but the Jews also.\n\nBEARMAN: Certainly country clubs. Yes, there were neighborhoods. Cherokee Bend [Country Club] when it first opened. I don't think they would sell to Jews.\n\nBERMAN: Do you remember feeling any of that in school or in your profession at all ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39195/file/110539#t=1410.0,1440.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39195/file/110539/transcript/24857/annotation/49","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"when you were down here?\n\nBEARMAN: Certainly not in my profession. We didn't have . . . I had one other Jew in my medical school class, and he quit. He called me and said tell them I'm not coming back after Christmas break. It was too stressful. He was a smart guy. I would find that I had people come up to me in my junior and senior year ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39195/file/110539#t=1440.0,1470.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39195/file/110539/transcript/24857/annotation/50","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that I\nhad been seeing every day for three, four years and say, \"You are the first Jew I ever met. I never met a Jew before.\" He came from south Alabama. As far as any kind of anti-Semitism or any kind of hostility, I didn't see it.\n\nBERMAN: Did you like growing up in Birmingham?\n\nBEARMAN: Yes, I think so. It is hard . . . I sort of wish I would have gone away ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39195/file/110539#t=1470.0,1500.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39195/file/110539/transcript/24857/annotation/51","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"to school. I liked growing up here. As a kid, I thought it was great. When I went to college . . . I worked hard. I had to study. In retrospect, I wish I had gone to New England. Somewhere.\n\nBERMAN: ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39195/file/110539#t=1500.0,1530.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39195/file/110539/transcript/24857/annotation/52","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"How did you end of up in Cleveland? Was that where you did your residency?\n\nBEARMAN: Yes, I did my residency there [University Hospitals of Cleveland]. The head of the department here [Pediatrics East -- Children's of Alabama] wanted me to go somewhere, and my wife wanted to go somewhere.\n\nBERMAN: Let's talk about that for a second. How did you meet your wife?\n\nBEARMAN: At Camp Blue Star , where everybody met in those days. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39195/file/110539#t=1530.0,1560.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39195/file/110539/transcript/24857/annotation/53","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I was a few years older than she was, but she was more mature than I was. We started dating then. She went to Brandeis [University]. We started having a long-distance relationship. She finally came down south, and we got married.\n\nBERMAN: Was she from Birmingham also?\n\nBEARMAN: She is from Kinston, North Carolina. She has a very interesting story. Her family . . . her grandfather, ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39195/file/110539#t=1560.0,1590.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39195/file/110539/transcript/24857/annotation/54","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"who came over with zero from Poland. Most all his family got killed. [He] got in the shirt business. He was looking for cheap labor. He came down to North Carolina and started a shirt factory. [He] built it\nup to a big business before it went bankrupt. She grew up in this little small eastern North Carolina town.\n\nBERMAN: You and your wife decided to leave . . .\n\nBEARMAN: ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39195/file/110539#t=1590.0,1620.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39195/file/110539/transcript/24857/annotation/55","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"We went to Cleveland because the head of the department here said you need to go somewhere. He gave me five names. One of them was [John] Hopkins [Hospital]. If I didn't come for an interview, they wouldn't talk to me. I didn't have enough money to go for an interview. Cleveland took me. I asked them after I was settled for a while, \"Why did you take me? No interview?\" I said, \"Because I'm so smart?\" He said, \"No, ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39195/file/110539#t=1620.0,1650.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39195/file/110539/transcript/24857/annotation/56","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"we just hadn't had anybody from Alabama before.\" That's how I ended up in Cleveland.\n\nBERMAN: That's great.\n\nBEARMAN: It was a great experience. I loved it.\n\nBERMAN: Was it different for you being in a northern city? Were there a lot of differences?\n\nBEARMAN: I worked so hard that I don't think it would have mattered where I was. I worked and slept.\n\nBERMAN: Did you wife like it?\n\nBEARMAN: She didn't like not getting out of the house, having a little baby, and ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39195/file/110539#t=1650.0,1680.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39195/file/110539/transcript/24857/annotation/57","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"not having too much of a social life. Yes, she liked it. She is easy.\n\nBERMAN: Did you always think you would come back to Birmingham? Did you think about going somewhere else?\n\nBEARMAN: No. I pretty much . . . my parents. My dad died when I was in\nCleveland. My brother and his family were here. I like Birmingham. I like living here. I like raising my kids here. I pretty much knew I was coming back. She liked Birmingham. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39195/file/110539#t=1680.0,1710.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39195/file/110539/transcript/24857/annotation/58","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I didn't like Cleveland's weather at all.\n\nBERMAN: Who does?\n\nBEARMAN: New Hampshire was no better.\n\nBERMAN: Let's talk a little bit about Blue Star. Did you know the Popkin's?\n\nBEARMAN: Sure. I knew Herman and Harry. I didn't know the kids. I know Roger, but I don't really know Roger. Roger was a little punk when I was a counsellor there. Did you know Roger?\n\nBERMAN: I know him.\n\nBEARMAN: ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39195/file/110539#t=1710.0,1740.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39195/file/110539/transcript/24857/annotation/59","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"He is probably big punk now.\n\nBERMAN: We did an exhibition on southern Jewish experience . That's how I got to know Roger.\n\nBEARMAN: We were at a wedding maybe ten years ago. A table with four, five, or six couples . . . a big table. Every one of us met at Blue Star. Everybody met their spouse at Blue Star. It was a huge effect on the south.\n\nBERMAN: How many years did you go?\n\nBEARMAN: My wife went there ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39195/file/110539#t=1740.0,1770.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39195/file/110539/transcript/24857/annotation/60","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"from the time they moved to North Carolina when they started. She was there 10 or 12 years in a row. I was only at it twice, but I was a camp doctor there a couple of times. I was a camp doctor in [Camp] Judaea and [Camp] Ramah Darom .\n\nBERMAN: Did your children go to Blue Star?\n\nBEARMAN: A couple of the older ones went to Blue Star and then we became Judeans. They switched. We had a good friend, an Israeli guy, who ran Judaea. They started to go to Judaea. Their kids ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39195/file/110539#t=1770.0,1800.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39195/file/110539/transcript/24857/annotation/61","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"are all going to Ramah Darom.\n\nBERMAN: How many kids do you have?\n\nBEARMAN: I have four children.\n\nBERMAN: Where are they?\n\nBEARMAN: Two in Birmingham. Two in Chapel Hill [North Carolina]. They married very nice people. Ten grandkids. Isn't that nice?\n\nBERMAN: That's wonderful. How many are here in Birmingham?\n\nBEARMAN: Five in Birmingham and five up there.\n\nBERMAN: That's not too far.\n\nBEARMAN: I'll tell you what else. We built a house ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39195/file/110539#t=1800.0,1830.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39195/file/110539/transcript/24857/annotation/62","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"up in North Carolina, in western North Carolina, in the mountains that we all go to. It is half way between Chapel Hill and Birmingham. We have five bedrooms and a big sleeping loft where all the kids sleep together. We all meet up there a couple of times, three times a year. I'm going this weekend.\n\nBERMAN: That's wonderful.\n\nBEARMAN: It's a nice thing for people to do.\n\nBERMAN: ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39195/file/110539#t=1830.0,1860.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39195/file/110539/transcript/24857/annotation/63","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"If we could just wrap it up. I've asked everybody this and you can take a moment to think about it. Tell me one of your most wonderful experiences about growing up in Birmingham. What is one of your fondest memories?\n\nBEARMAN: Going swimming at the YMHA naked. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39195/file/110539#t=1860.0,1890.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39195/file/110539/transcript/24857/annotation/64","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I thought that was one of the nicest . . . That was really an experience. Take my clothes off. Go out . . . no problem.\n\nBERMAN: Where were the girls?\n\nBEARMAN: They had their own times. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39195/file/110539#t=1890.0,1920.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39195/file/110539/transcript/24857/annotation/65","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I don't know. I don't really have any special. . .\n\nBERMAN: That sounds like a good memory.\n\nBEARMAN: That was a good memory.\n\nBERMAN: I'd like to thank you very much for participating. I'm very appreciative.\n\nBEARMAN: It's my pleasure. It was fun.\n\nBERMAN: Thank you.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39195/file/110539#t=1920.0,1950.0"}]},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39195/file/110539/annotation_set/475","type":"AnnotationPage","label":{"en":["Howard Bearman [Transcript]"]},"items":[{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39195/file/110539/annotation_set/475/annotation/66","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe Young Men’s Hebrew Association was set up in various cities of the United States for the mental, moral, social and physical improvement of Jewish young men.  The first YMHA was started in New York in 1874 and spread across the country in the following years.  They still exist today and are more like social clubs.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39195/file/110539#t=300.0,330.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39195/file/110539/annotation_set/475/annotation/67","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eShul is a Yiddish word for synagogue that is derived from a German word meaning “school,” and emphasizes the synagogue's role as a place of study.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39195/file/110539#t=420.0,450.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39195/file/110539/annotation_set/475/annotation/68","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eShabbat (Hebrew) or Shabbos (Yiddish) is the Jewish day of rest and is observed on Saturdays.  Shabbat observance entails refraining from work activities, often with great rigor, and engaging in restful activities to honor the day. Shabbat begins at sundown on Friday night and is ushered in by lighting candles and reciting a blessing. It is closed the following evening with the recitation of the havdalah blessing.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39195/file/110539#t=420.0,450.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39195/file/110539/annotation_set/475/annotation/69","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eFood that is not in accordance with Jewish law such as pork or foods that are not prepared according to kosher.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39195/file/110539#t=450.0,480.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39195/file/110539/annotation_set/475/annotation/70","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eA form of nonviolent protest employed during the 1960s in the civil rights movement.  In a sit-in, demonstrators occupy a place open to the public, such as a racially segregated lunch counter or bus station, and then refuse to leave. Sit-ins were designed to provoke arrest and thereby gain attention for the demonstrators' cause.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39195/file/110539#t=720.0,750.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39195/file/110539/annotation_set/475/annotation/71","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eSome white southerners formed an opposition movement called Citizens' Councils, organizations of white segregationists and supremacists who opposed integration and the 1954 Supreme Court decision of Brown v. Board of Education to abolish school segregation.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39195/file/110539#t=750.0,780.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39195/file/110539/annotation_set/475/annotation/72","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eYoung Judaea is a peer-led Zionist youth movement founded in 1909.  Its programs include youth clubs, conventions, summer camps and Israel programs that provide experiential programming through which Jewish youth and young adults build meaningful relationships with their peers, emphasize social action, and develop a lifelong commitment to Jewish life, the Jewish people, and Israel.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39195/file/110539#t=810.0,840.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39195/file/110539/annotation_set/475/annotation/73","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eOn April 28, 1958, 54 sticks of dynamite were placed beside Temple Beth-El in a bombing attempt. According to police reports, there was enough dynamite to demolish the building, but the burning fuses were doused by heavy rainfall, preventing the dynamite from exploding. The crime was never solved.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39195/file/110539#t=900.0,930.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39195/file/110539/annotation_set/475/annotation/74","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eFrom 1931 to the late 1950’s, courtship weekends in southern cities included Montgomery, Alabama’s ‘Falcon,’ Birmingham, Alabama’s ‘Jubilee,’ Columbus, Georgia’s ‘Holly Days,’ and Atlanta, Georgia’s ‘Ballyhoo.’ They were attended by college-age Jewish youth from across the south who participated in rounds of breakfast dates, lunch dates, tea dance dates, early evening dates, late night dates, formal dances, and cocktail parties, with the goal of meeting a “nice Jewish boy or girl” who might well become a spouse.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39195/file/110539#t=990.0,1020.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39195/file/110539/annotation_set/475/annotation/75","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe body of Jewish law dealing with what foods can and cannot be eaten and how those foods must be prepared. The word kashrut comes from Hebrew, meaning fit, proper, or correct.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39195/file/110539#t=1170.0,1200.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39195/file/110539/annotation_set/475/annotation/76","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eBlue Star Camps is a Jewish summer camp located in the Blue Ridge Mountains of western North Carolina.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39195/file/110539#t=1530.0,1560.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39195/file/110539/annotation_set/475/annotation/77","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eFounded in 1986 as the Museum of the Southern Jewish Experience. The Goldring/ Woldenberg Institute of Southern Jewish Life is a non-profit Jewish organization based in Jackson, Mississippi that provides a variety of educational, cultural and religious services to underserved Jewish communities throughout the south.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39195/file/110539#t=1740.0,1770.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39195/file/110539/annotation_set/475/annotation/78","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eRamah Darom (Ramah of the South) is a Jewish overnight camp and retreat center in the foothills of the Blue Ridge Mountains in North Georgia. It opened in 1997. The camp is affiliated with the National Ramah Commission, the national parent organization that oversees all Ramah overnight camps, day camps, and Israel programs. Ramah is sponsored by the Jewish Theological Seminary of America, a main hub for Conservative Judaism.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39195/file/110539#t=1770.0,1800.0"}]},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39195/file/110539/index/47823","type":"AnnotationPage","label":{"en":["Howard Bearman [Index]"]},"items":[{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39195/file/110539/index/47823/annotation/79","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Family history in Birmingham","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Title"]}}],"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39195/file/110539#t=37.0,539.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39195/file/110539/index/47823/annotation/80","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I was born December 11, 1935, in Birmingham on the Southside, not too far from where we are. I grew up here through high school.  ","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Partial Transcript"]}}],"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39195/file/110539#t=37.0,539.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39195/file/110539/index/47823/annotation/81","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Bearman's Men's Clothing Store-Birmingham, Alabama","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Cleveland, Ohio","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Jewish Community Center-Bimingham, Alabama","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Kobryn, Poland","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"segregation","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Temple Beth-El-Birmingham, Alabama","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"University of Alabama at Birmingham","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Young Men's Hebrew Association","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}}],"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39195/file/110539#t=37.0,539.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39195/file/110539/index/47823/annotation/82","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"College and Air Force; Desegregation in Alabama","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Title"]}}],"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39195/file/110539#t=539.0,797.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39195/file/110539/index/47823/annotation/83","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"No. I pretty much missed it. We were gone during the bad times. ","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Partial Transcript"]}}],"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39195/file/110539#t=539.0,797.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39195/file/110539/index/47823/annotation/84","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"American Civil Rights Movement","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"desegregation","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Ku Klux Klan","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"United States Air Force","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"White Citizens' Council","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}}],"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39195/file/110539#t=539.0,797.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39195/file/110539/index/47823/annotation/85","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Jewish culture and community in Birmingham","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Title"]}}],"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39195/file/110539#t=797.0,1267.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39195/file/110539/index/47823/annotation/86","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Yes. I didn’t date anybody that wasn’t Jewish.","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Partial Transcript"]}}],"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39195/file/110539#t=797.0,1267.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39195/file/110539/index/47823/annotation/87","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Aleph Zadik Aleph","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Country clubs-Birmingham","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Grafman, Milton L. (Rabbi)","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Jubilee (event)-Birmingham, Alabama","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Mesch, Abraham J. (Rabbi)","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Temple Emanu-El-Birmingham, Alabama","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Young Judea","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}}],"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39195/file/110539#t=797.0,1267.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39195/file/110539/index/47823/annotation/88","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Mattie and Wessie, Bearman family housekeepers and nannies, segregation, and redlining","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Title"]}}],"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39195/file/110539#t=1267.0,1553.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39195/file/110539/index/47823/annotation/89","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Yes, when I was real little.","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Partial Transcript"]}}],"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39195/file/110539#t=1267.0,1553.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39195/file/110539/index/47823/annotation/90","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"antisemitism","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"redlining","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"segregation","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"University Hospitals of Cleveland","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}}],"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39195/file/110539#t=1267.0,1553.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39195/file/110539/index/47823/annotation/91","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Marriage and Family","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Title"]}}],"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39195/file/110539#t=1553.0,1936.262"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39195/file/110539/index/47823/annotation/92","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"At Camp Blue Star, where everybody met in those days. I was a few years older than she was, but she was more mature than I was.","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Partial Transcript"]}}],"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39195/file/110539#t=1553.0,1936.262"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39195/file/110539/index/47823/annotation/93","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Brandeis University-Waltham, Massachusetts","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Camp Blue Star-Hendersonville, North Carolina","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Camp Judaea-Hendersonville, North Carolina","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Camp Ramah Darom-Clayton, Georgia","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}}],"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/39195/file/110539#t=1553.0,1936.262"}]}]}]}