{"@context":"http://iiif.io/api/presentation/3/context.json","id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/iiif/1j97659v4d/manifest","type":"Manifest","label":{"en":["Eisenstein, Clara Tilleman (2001)"]},"logo":"https://d9jk7wjtjpu5g.cloudfront.net/organizations/logo_images/000/000/082/original/TheBreman_SecondaryMark_Horizontal_Blue_Black.png?1713640889","metadata":[{"label":{"en":["Date"]},"value":{"en":["2001-05-01 (creation)"]}},{"label":{"en":["Format"]},"value":{"en":["Video"]}},{"label":{"en":["Source"]},"value":{"en":["William Breman Jewish Heritage Museum","Esther and Herbert Taylor Oral History Collection","Legacy Project"]}},{"label":{"en":["Description"]},"value":{"en":["\u003cp\u003eClara Tilleman Eisenstein was interviewed by Ruth Einstein and Sandra Berman on May 1, 2001 in Atlanta, Georgia.\u003c/p\u003e (general)","\u003cp\u003eClara talks about having to go into hiding to survive with her baby once the Germans occupied Poland. She shares how the knowledge her whole family had been lost dampened her happiness at liberation. Clara recalls returning to her hometown after the war and trying to survive under Soviet occupation now. She explains how she, her husband and baby escaped west to a DP camp in Germany. Clara recalls how she and her husband opted to immigrate to the United States rather than Israel. She recounts life in the DP camp and trying to adjust to life after the war. Clara describes life in the Boryslaw ghetto and details her experiences in hiding. She discusses coming to Atlanta, Georgia and beginning a new life. Clara recollects her early experiences with the Jewish community of Atlanta and her desire to observe religious traditions. Clara comments on Israeli current events. She delights in her extended family. Clara discusses why she has not returned to Poland. She outlines her husband’s career and joining the Ahavath Achim synagogue. Clara considers why she did not talk about her experiences with her children in the beginning and how it has impacted them. The interview closes with her volunteer activities and experiences encountering segregation in the South.\u003c/p\u003e (scope content)"]}},{"label":{"en":["Source Metadata URI"]},"value":{"en":["https://archivesspace.thebreman.org/repositories/2/archival_objects/28338"]}},{"label":{"en":["Rights Statement"]},"value":{"en":["\u003cp\u003eAll rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, recorded by any information storage and retrieval system, without the express written consent of the William Breman Jewish Heritage Museum.\u003c/p\u003e"]}},{"label":{"en":["Subject"]},"value":{"en":["Clara Tilleman Eisenstein (personal name)","Leon Eisenstein (personal name)","Irene Eisenstein (personal name)","Pola Eisenstein (personal name)","Aaron Eisenstein (personal name)","Harry Eisenstein (personal name)","Rabbi Harry Epstein (personal name)","Reva (Rebecca) Chashesman Epstein (personal name)","Ethel Weiss (personal name)","Lola Borkowska Lansky (personal name)","Rubin Lansky (personal name)","Isaac Wise (Weiss) (personal name)","Rachel Wise (Weiss) (personal name)","United Nations Relief and Rehabilitation Administration (UNRRA) (corporate name)","American Jewish Joint Distribution Committee (corporate name)","Ahavath Achim Synagogue (AA) (corporate name)","Jewish Educational Alliance (corporate name)","Jewish Federation of Greater Atlanta (corporate name)","Eternal Life-Hemshech (corporate name)","B'nai B'rith International (corporate name)","Hadassah Foundation (corporate name)","Haganah (corporate name)","Boryslaw, Poland (geographic term)","Gliwice, Poland (geographic term)","Walbrzych, Poland (geographic term)","Heidenheim, Germany (geographic term)","Stuttgart, Poland (geographic term)","New Orleans, Louisiana (geographic term)","Atlanta, Georgia (geographic term)","Decatur, Georgia (geographic term)","Poland (geographic term)","Germany (geographic term)","United States of America (geographic term)","Czechoslovakia (geographic term)","Israel (geographic term)","Heidenheim Displaced Persons Camp (geographic term)","Displaced Persons Camp (DP Camp) (topical term)","Labor Camp (topical term)","Ghetto (topical term)","Geheime Staatspolizei (Gestapo) (topical term)","Schutzstaffel (SS) (topical term)","Holocaust (topical term)","Holocaust Survivors (topical term)","Holocaust Experiences (topical term)","World War II (topical term)","War Experiences (topical term)","Liberation (topical term)","Russian Army (topical term)","Polish Army (topical term)","ORT Schools (topical term)","Shabbat (topical term)","Segregation (topical term)","Aktions (topical term)","Pogroms (topical term)","Gone with the Wind (topical term)","USS General W. M. Black (topical term)","Anti-Semitism (topical term)","Holocaust Survivor Community (topical term)"]}}],"summary":{"en":["\u003cp\u003eClara Tilleman Eisenstein was interviewed by Ruth Einstein and Sandra Berman on May 1, 2001 in Atlanta, Georgia.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eClara talks about having to go into hiding to survive with her baby once the Germans occupied Poland. She shares how the knowledge her whole family had been lost dampened her happiness at liberation. Clara recalls returning to her hometown after the war and trying to survive under Soviet occupation now. She explains how she, her husband and baby escaped west to a DP camp in Germany. Clara recalls how she and her husband opted to immigrate to the United States rather than Israel. She recounts life in the DP camp and trying to adjust to life after the war. Clara describes life in the Boryslaw ghetto and details her experiences in hiding. She discusses coming to Atlanta, Georgia and beginning a new life. Clara recollects her early experiences with the Jewish community of Atlanta and her desire to observe religious traditions. Clara comments on Israeli current events. She delights in her extended family. Clara discusses why she has not returned to Poland. She outlines her husband’s career and joining the Ahavath Achim synagogue. Clara considers why she did not talk about her experiences with her children in the beginning and how it has impacted them. The interview closes with her volunteer activities and experiences encountering segregation in the South.\u003c/p\u003e"]},"requiredStatement":{"label":{"en":["Attribution"]},"value":{"en":["\u003cp\u003eAll rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, recorded by any information storage and retrieval system, without the express written consent of the William Breman Jewish Heritage Museum.\u003c/p\u003e"]}},"provider":[{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/aboutus","type":"Agent","label":{"en":["William Breman Jewish Heritage Museum"]},"homepage":[{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/","type":"Text","label":{"en":["William Breman Jewish Heritage Museum"]},"format":"text/html"}],"logo":[{"id":"https://d9jk7wjtjpu5g.cloudfront.net/organizations/logo_images/000/000/082/original/TheBreman_SecondaryMark_Horizontal_Blue_Black.png?1713640889","type":"Image"}]}],"thumbnail":[{"id":"https://d9jk7wjtjpu5g.cloudfront.net/collection_resource_files/thumbnails/000/104/017/small/Clara_Eisenstein.png?1619296893","type":"Image","format":"image/png"}],"items":[{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35089/file/104017","type":"Canvas","label":{"en":["Media File 1 of 1 - Eisenstein_Clara2001.mp4"]},"duration":4194.964,"width":640,"height":360,"thumbnail":[{"id":"https://d9jk7wjtjpu5g.cloudfront.net/collection_resource_files/thumbnails/000/104/017/small/Clara_Eisenstein.png?1619296893","type":"Image","format":"image/png"}],"items":[{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35089/file/104017/content/1","type":"AnnotationPage","items":[{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35089/file/104017/content/1/annotation/1","type":"Annotation","motivation":"painting","body":{"id":"https://aviary-p-thebreman.s3.wasabisys.com/collection_resource_files/resource_files/000/104/017/original/Eisenstein_Clara2001.mp4?1610115449","type":"Video","format":"video/mp4","duration":4194.964,"width":640,"height":360},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35089/file/104017","metadata":[]}]}],"annotations":[{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35089/file/104017/transcript/21596","type":"AnnotationPage","label":{"en":["Eisenstein, Clara [Transcript]"]},"items":[{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35089/file/104017/transcript/21596/annotation/1","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"EINSTEIN: Today is May 1, 2001. We are interviewing Clara Eisenstein, who is\ngoing to be speaking to you for the Legacy Project of the William Bremen Jewish\nHeritage Museum. I would like to begin with asking you to describe just a little\nbit about your family, who you were married to, what your maiden name was,\nsiblings . . .\n\nEISENSTEIN: Tilleman.\n\nEINSTEIN: . . . how many children you ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35089/file/104017#t=0.0,30.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35089/file/104017/transcript/21596/annotation/2","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"had. We can start with that information.\n\nEISENSTEIN: How many children I have now or how many children I had?\n\nEINSTEIN: How many children you have now, who you were married to, and your\nhusband's name.\n\nEISENSTEIN: I had four children. To mention three?\n\nEINSTEIN: Mention all of them. Just say who you were married to and number of\nchildren. Go ahead.\n\nEISENSTEIN: Okay. I was married just ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35089/file/104017#t=30.0,60.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35089/file/104017/transcript/21596/annotation/3","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"before the war. We had a little baby at\nthat time. With a baby, was only one way to survive: to hide, to run faster than\nthe Gestapo could run. At first, we were in a ghetto. They liquidated the\nghetto. They killed everybody. They liquidated the ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35089/file/104017#t=60.0,90.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35089/file/104017/transcript/21596/annotation/4","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"ghetto after a few months and\nthey sent us to a camp--only young people they sent to a labor camp. In that\nlabor camp, I couldn't stay long because they would spot the baby and they would\nkill us, so I started to run, hiding in forests. Somehow ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35089/file/104017#t=90.0,120.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35089/file/104017/transcript/21596/annotation/5","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"later, I made some\nconnections. At night, we were leaving the forest looking for some food in the\nneighboring villages. For big money--not money; jewelry--I made some\nconnections. Somebody was willing to hide me and the child. But that happened\nafter ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35089/file/104017#t=120.0,150.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35089/file/104017/transcript/21596/annotation/6","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"several months of being in camp, and running from place to place, hiding\nin no deeper than holes, and in a forest most of the time because we had very\ndeep forests. It was fairly . . . hiding places in ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35089/file/104017#t=150.0,180.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35089/file/104017/transcript/21596/annotation/7","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"forests. As I said, after\nseveral months, we found somebody. My husband still was in a camp. He was in\nthat labor camp working going under the Nazi guards to work he was a\nspecialist--electrical engineer--and very well learned in oil wells. They ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35089/file/104017#t=180.0,210.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35089/file/104017/transcript/21596/annotation/8","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"needed\nhim. They were taking him every morning under the guard to work. When they\nliquidated the ghetto, he still had to work. He had to go to the labor camp. He\nwas there for several months until one night or one day he was going to work.\nWhen somebody didn't see him, he ran ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35089/file/104017#t=210.0,240.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35089/file/104017/transcript/21596/annotation/9","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"away from the work. He started to hide in a\nforest. We didn't see each other for a long time. How long was it? It seems ages\nbut the people who ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35089/file/104017#t=240.0,270.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35089/file/104017/transcript/21596/annotation/10","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"were hiding us, they built a hole under the floor. They would\nopen it but the hiding place . . . They dug a hole beside the house, outside the\nhouse, that we could go through the house to hide in that hole. It ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35089/file/104017#t=270.0,300.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35089/file/104017/transcript/21596/annotation/11","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"was a\ntorture. There was no accidents in that home, but there was after many\ntimes--three times--we were discovered in holes like this. One time I ran out, I\njumped out of the truck, threw my little girl down and jumped from the truck.\nThe second time, they took me to Gestapo. They kept ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35089/file/104017#t=300.0,330.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35089/file/104017/transcript/21596/annotation/12","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"me there a day and a night.\nThey let me out but I didn't have nowhere to go. They could have catched me any\ntime again, but somehow, that's how I survived: because I was a good runner. I\nwas running all the time.\n\nEINSTEIN: How did you . . . ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35089/file/104017#t=330.0,360.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35089/file/104017/transcript/21596/annotation/13","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"As the war is coming to an end, you are still in hiding?\n\nEISENSTEIN: Yes, until the last second, I was in hiding. The old woman who was\nhiding us in that hole. She opened the floor, the wood covering and she said,\n\"Get out. The Germans ran away.\" But it was a horrible day, the last ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35089/file/104017#t=360.0,390.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35089/file/104017/transcript/21596/annotation/14","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"day. The\nlast day, there was a small village. It had a one room house. Happened to be\nvery nice. They made a headquarters in that. It's a . . .\n\nEINSTEIN: Start again. You said the last day, the woman opened the hole. If you\ncould, start at that place.\n\nEISENSTEIN: Yes, opened the hole, the wooden planks over the hole. She said,\n\"Well, you're ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35089/file/104017#t=390.0,420.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35089/file/104017/transcript/21596/annotation/15","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"lucky. The Germans are running away.\" You could see everything was\nburning fire. They were really galloping and you could see them. My feeling at\nthat moment was horrible. Not joy at all. I can still feel the weight of the\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35089/file/104017#t=420.0,450.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35089/file/104017/transcript/21596/annotation/16","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"war. I knew already I lost everybody. I lost very early everybody. The first\nAktion, I lost everybody except the ones that they killed later. I didn't feel\nno joy. It was not even . . . The heaviness did not leave me at all. I couldn't\nsmile. I cried ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35089/file/104017#t=450.0,480.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35089/file/104017/transcript/21596/annotation/17","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"not from joy. It was very, very devastating for me. It's like\nwaking up from a horrible dream and I couldn't shake it off at all. I still can\nfeel it. I still can see myself there. What do we do when the war is over? ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35089/file/104017#t=480.0,510.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35089/file/104017/transcript/21596/annotation/18","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I was\nabout seven kilometers away from my home town. Didn't have no shoes. Completely\nbarefoot. The little baby completely barefoot, making 7 kilometers barefoot to\ngo to our hometown. We were not afraid, even so there ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35089/file/104017#t=510.0,540.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35089/file/104017/transcript/21596/annotation/19","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"were messes of soldiers.\nRussians liberated us. Somehow there was no fear. We were just walking. Poor\nbaby was so sick. Her whole body was covered with holes, which never were\nhealing on her. But we made ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35089/file/104017#t=540.0,570.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35089/file/104017/transcript/21596/annotation/20","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"it. That's where we found my husband. He also was\ngoing home. It was not a heaven at all because Russians took over all the good\nhomes. We walked in to our house. The German left ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35089/file/104017#t=570.0,600.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35089/file/104017/transcript/21596/annotation/21","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"everything like we left it\nthere. Many furnitures they took away with them, but the house was there. It was\na full apartment, big new house. The minute we came in the house, the Russians\ncame and they threw us out. They said those were quarters for officers, not ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35089/file/104017#t=600.0,630.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35089/file/104017/transcript/21596/annotation/22","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"for\nus. My husband was running, looking for some food. He was not in. I took my baby\nand I went out and I sat down. Over there was lots of stones. I sat down on a\nstone in the front of the house. I was sitting. I didn't have where to go. A\nfriend who survived, he took ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35089/file/104017#t=630.0,660.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35089/file/104017/transcript/21596/annotation/23","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"his house. They didn't throw him yet out. He took\nus and gave us one room in their house. It was not paradise neither because the\nUkrainians started to kill Jews. We had to barricade our windows and our doors\nat night because it was so ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35089/file/104017#t=660.0,690.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35089/file/104017/transcript/21596/annotation/24","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"dangerous. Lots of Jewish people who did survive the\nwar . . . What means lots? After the war, when my husband counted--because he\nbecame the head of our people--there was 270 people came out from hiding places.\nIn comparison, over 16,000 ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35089/file/104017#t=690.0,720.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35089/file/104017/transcript/21596/annotation/25","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Jews. It was very bad. Then they forced right away\npeople to go to work for the Russian people. If you didn't want to get into the\nRussian army . . . he was right away specialist and went to work in oil wells.\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35089/file/104017#t=720.0,750.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35089/file/104017/transcript/21596/annotation/26","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"He had lots of connections with some people. Six months later, Russians would\nnot let us leave. They needed his specialty. But he had some friends who really\n. . . Two doctors. They were Communists before the war. They had something to\nsay of him there. Six months ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35089/file/104017#t=750.0,780.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35089/file/104017/transcript/21596/annotation/27","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"later, we left our hometown. Where did we go? We\nwanted to go up west, only west, all the time going west. It took us a whole\nweek on a week train--it was a cattle train--to make the trip, which usually\ncould ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35089/file/104017#t=780.0,810.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35089/file/104017/transcript/21596/annotation/28","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"take a few hours on a train to go. The train would stop every time,\nwouldn't move at all. It was a disaster. We made it Gliwice. From Gliwice, we\nwent to Walbrzych. We settled over there. Again, my husband became a big\ndirector in coal ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35089/file/104017#t=810.0,840.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35089/file/104017/transcript/21596/annotation/29","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"mines. It was fairly good. It was . . . We never could get over\nit. We never could smile. We never could be happy, but we had what to eat and we\nhad a doctor already. One day, they marked our house where we lived. They marked\nwith a red ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35089/file/104017#t=840.0,870.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35089/file/104017/transcript/21596/annotation/30","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"cross. There was an army, a Polish Army, who were murdering Jews\nagain. He came back from work and we packed only one valise. We went on a train.\nHe found out that Haganah is somewhere. We have to take a ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35089/file/104017#t=870.0,900.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35089/file/104017/transcript/21596/annotation/31","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"train to go and join\nthe Haganah. He threw the keys from the apartment through a window on the train.\nWe went to that point because he found out where Haganah is located. It was a\nhorrible trip. They had to tape my ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35089/file/104017#t=900.0,930.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35089/file/104017/transcript/21596/annotation/32","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"baby's mouth so she wouldn't cry. They were\ntransferring us only at night. They would have to stop on every post. If the\nlamp was burning in one of houses, that means we had to stop, not to move.\nThat's already Polish police would catch us and jail us. It ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35089/file/104017#t=930.0,960.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35089/file/104017/transcript/21596/annotation/33","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"took very long. It\nwas unbelievable trip. Everybody was deadly sick. As weak as we were, somehow,\nwe made it to border of Czechoslovakia. From there we got trucks and they took\nus to West ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35089/file/104017#t=960.0,990.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35089/file/104017/transcript/21596/annotation/34","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Germany and straight to the DP camp.\n\nEINSTEIN: Which DP camp?\n\nEISENSTEIN: Heidenheim, near Stuttgart, about 40 kilometers from Stuttgart. Then\nwe waited to immigrate for four and a half years.\n\nEINSTEIN: Describe your life in the DP camp for us.\n\nEISENSTEIN: We started . . . We tried to make the life as ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35089/file/104017#t=990.0,1020.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35089/file/104017/transcript/21596/annotation/35","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"normal as possible.\nAgain, my husband was head of some department in the DP camp. Then he was a\nteacher in ORT school. He was working really for UNRRA. We tried to make as\nnormal as possible, which didn't ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35089/file/104017#t=1020.0,1050.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35089/file/104017/transcript/21596/annotation/36","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"work; absolutely not. Because you were always\nwith the people who survived the hell. Whenever we . . . We didn't . . .\nWhenever we wanted to make a holiday together, we would come together and start\nto talk what happened to our families and we didn't eat a thing. We left the\nwhole ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35089/file/104017#t=1050.0,1080.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35089/file/104017/transcript/21596/annotation/37","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"tables and went home. There was no holiday. Believe it or not, one of our\nfriend, he lost his whole family. He started to bring suitcases of liquor--not\nliquor; vodka--to get us drunk so we could get over one dinner to eat the\ndinner. That didn't ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35089/file/104017#t=1080.0,1110.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35089/file/104017/transcript/21596/annotation/38","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"help because Jewish people are not drunks. That didn't help.\nNothing helped. Four and a half years we were waiting. Really, we did plan to\nimmigrate to Israel. In 1948, we sent all our miserable possessions to Israel.\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35089/file/104017#t=1110.0,1140.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35089/file/104017/transcript/21596/annotation/39","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"We were supposed to be smuggled in like some people were smuggled in and wound\nup in Cyprus. I know somebody who wound up two years in Cyprus. But I became\nvery ill. A woman from Joint came. He told my husband, \"Where do you take your\nwife? She will die.\" ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35089/file/104017#t=1140.0,1170.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35089/file/104017/transcript/21596/annotation/40","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"The war was going on in 1948. \"Take her to America. We have\ngood doctors.\" We went to America.\n\nEINSTEIN: In the DP camp did you have organizational life? Were there schools\nfor Irene?\n\nEISENSTEIN: There were schools. I still have a picture somewhere. Yes. My\nhusband was teaching in ORT. Right away there were schools. They ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35089/file/104017#t=1170.0,1200.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35089/file/104017/transcript/21596/annotation/41","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"were teaching\nchildren in Hebrew. There were Jewish schools only in the camp.\n\nEINSTEIN: Was there any relationship with the Germans outside the camp?\n\nEISENSTEIN: Not at all. None whatsoever. Only when we needed the doctors. They\ncould kill us, too.\n\nEINSTEIN: You were mentioning earlier a story about your tooth. Can you repeat that?\n\nEISENSTEIN: Certainly. I had a bad tooth. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35089/file/104017#t=1200.0,1230.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35089/file/104017/transcript/21596/annotation/42","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I went to the dentist. I was cautioned\nthat lots of doctors are still belonging to SS. But the tooth was hurting. It\nwas something unbelievable. My husband had to work. A friend of mine told me she\nwill take me. At night, I had a dream my mother ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35089/file/104017#t=1230.0,1260.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35089/file/104017/transcript/21596/annotation/43","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"came. I was very cold. I was\ncovering myself with black blankets and black pillows. Momma was pulling it out\nfrom me. She said, \"No! No!\" My friend said, \"Clara, maybe we shouldn't go.\" It\nwas a horrible dream, but momma wouldn't let me ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35089/file/104017#t=1260.0,1290.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35089/file/104017/transcript/21596/annotation/44","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"die. We went. He put such messes\nof Novocain in to stop the bleeding so he could cut the gum. He wanted to cut\nthe gum to take the root from the top. For three days, I was laying dead. They\ncouldn't revive ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35089/file/104017#t=1290.0,1320.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35089/file/104017/transcript/21596/annotation/45","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"me. I couldn't wake up for three days and three nights. My\nhusband and my child were standing around and some friends around the bed. I\nwould wake up once in 12 hours maybe. I would open my eyes. I would see them all\nand I was gone. How they revive me after three days . . . but I was sick a whole\nyear later. My hands were ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35089/file/104017#t=1320.0,1350.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35089/file/104017/transcript/21596/annotation/46","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"trembling. I couldn't walk normally. They had to\nsupport me all the time. For the whole year after that I was very ill. The\nGestapo made it. They still were alive. They wanted to kill more people.\n\nEINSTEIN: You have been mentioning your husband and your child. Just ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35089/file/104017#t=1350.0,1380.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35089/file/104017/transcript/21596/annotation/47","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"for the\ntape, could you just mention their names and the year that . . .\n\nEISENSTEIN: Leon was my husband. Irene was my child.\n\nEINSTEIN: Irene was born in what year?\n\nEISENSTEIN: She was born in 1938.\n\nEINSTEIN: Thank you. When Irene was born in 1938, it must have been . . .\n\nEISENSTEIN: A ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35089/file/104017#t=1380.0,1410.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35089/file/104017/transcript/21596/annotation/48","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"wonderful time.\n\nEINSTEIN: Tell us a little about that and then how you were able to . . . I\nthink it is remarkable that you survived with a child.\n\nEISENSTEIN: Very seldom somebody did. I think . . .\n\nEINSTEIN: Talk about . . . for the purposes of the interview, if you could . . .\nI think that is a ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35089/file/104017#t=1410.0,1440.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35089/file/104017/transcript/21596/annotation/49","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"remarkable--You must have been a very strong and courageous\nwoman. I would like you to just talk about some of those feelings.\n\nEISENSTEIN: It was almost impossible to survive with a child. A man, a family .\n. . He was a shoemaker. He wanted me to leave my child with him. He promised me\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35089/file/104017#t=1440.0,1470.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35089/file/104017/transcript/21596/annotation/50","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"he will keep her until--and he will help me to hide, but I have to give him a\ndocument that this was not my baby anymore. For maybe a split of a second, I was\nready to do it, but she understood something and she grabbed my ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35089/file/104017#t=1470.0,1500.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35089/file/104017/transcript/21596/annotation/51","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"leg. I said,\n\"No, I'm not going to leave her here.\" I took her back to the ghetto. We were in\nghetto at that time. I took her back to the ghetto and I said, \"No,\" that I'll\nnever try again to separate myself. I've seen myself how the mothers were hiding\nin the sewer, and you close the sewer, and they were leaving the baby ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35089/file/104017#t=1500.0,1530.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35089/file/104017/transcript/21596/annotation/52","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"outside\nbecause the baby would cry, and they would hear her. It happened to us one time.\nWe were in the ghetto. It was a pretty big house but, in every room, there was a\nfamily pushed in--four, five, six people in one room in the ghetto. We knew . .\n. We heard that the Aktion comes so ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35089/file/104017#t=1530.0,1560.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35089/file/104017/transcript/21596/annotation/53","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"what do we do. The owner of the house before\nthe war used to live in that place, he built a hiding place for his family and\nfor some people who paid him for it, the Jew, to help him to build that hiding\nplace. When I came up . . . As I told you, my husband had to go to work under\nthe guard all the ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35089/file/104017#t=1560.0,1590.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35089/file/104017/transcript/21596/annotation/54","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"time with a big \"R\" on his chest--it means Rüstungs,\nindustry. They could kill him anytime they wanted. That wouldn't stop them. It\ndidn't. I asked that guy. I don't remember his name. I asked him, \"Please, let\nus in and not . . . through that wall.\" He said, \"Get out of here fast because\nchildren ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35089/file/104017#t=1590.0,1620.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35089/file/104017/transcript/21596/annotation/55","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"cry.\" He wouldn't let us in. Here I am, all by myself, coming down the\nsteps and don't know where to go. I go to the street. I tore up the Magen David\nwhat I had on the band on my arm. I tore it and threw it away, left it in the\nghetto. From the baby . . . I took her the ghetto. I took her ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35089/file/104017#t=1620.0,1650.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35089/file/104017/transcript/21596/annotation/56","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"hand. I went out\non the street not knowing where to go at all. By miracle . . . I was born there.\nI was raised in that place. Nobody knew who I am or they knew and they didn't\nwant to kill me. I passed by . . . We went many kilometers to a village. In that\nvillage, I saw a man was chopping ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35089/file/104017#t=1650.0,1680.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35089/file/104017/transcript/21596/annotation/57","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"wood. I had a big diamond on my finger. I came\nto him and I said, \"This is yours. Keep us for one night here.\" He said he\ncannot do it until he asked his mama. He went in to ask his mother. His mother\nlet us in. Being there, the Gestapo was notified that lots of Jewish people were\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35089/file/104017#t=1680.0,1710.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35089/file/104017/transcript/21596/annotation/58","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"hiding in that village in one room place. They started to go from house to\nhouse. The minute they were supposed to come to our house, she put on me the\nvillage . . .\n\nEINSTEIN: Babushka?\n\nEISENSTEIN: Babushka. And she put her old clothes on me. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35089/file/104017#t=1710.0,1740.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35089/file/104017/transcript/21596/annotation/59","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"She had a back door.\nShe said, \"If you go out the back door, they'll kill you over there. Nobody\nknows you're hiding.\" She was a very decent woman. She said, \"Go on your knees\nand pray.\" All I could do . . . I went on my knees and I prayed. The rain\nstarted to pour. Every time we had an Aktion, there was a rain, like the sky\nwould ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35089/file/104017#t=1740.0,1770.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35089/file/104017/transcript/21596/annotation/60","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"cry for us. The rain started to pour. They decided to stop looking. They\ndidn't even come to that house. This was the way some people survived. There was\nno other way; just by miracles. Just to tell the story about my family.\n\nEINSTEIN: When you and your ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35089/file/104017#t=1770.0,1800.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35089/file/104017/transcript/21596/annotation/61","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"husband were in the DP camp, who did you make\narrangements with to immigrate and how did that come about?\n\nEISENSTEIN: I don't have the slightest idea. My husband was doing everything.\nLike now, I am so strong and do everything, I collapsed after the war really. I\nreally did. I didn't want to go to the United States. A friend of ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35089/file/104017#t=1800.0,1830.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35089/file/104017/transcript/21596/annotation/62","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"mine who had a\nsister over there went in 1948. The Israelis took over an Arab house with two\napartments. They saved the apartment eight months for us because we were coming.\nI think my husband felt that I need doctors. I was very ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35089/file/104017#t=1830.0,1860.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35089/file/104017/transcript/21596/annotation/63","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"sick.\n\nEINSTEIN: You found out you were moving to Atlanta. Had you ever heard . . .\n\nEISENSTEIN: Never knew where they're taking us. All we knew about Atlanta, there\nwas translation of Gone with the Wind to every language. We read it. What we\nremembered, they had lots of cotton fields. We went on a boat. It was another\ndisaster boat, the General Black, which meant for ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35089/file/104017#t=1860.0,1890.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35089/file/104017/transcript/21596/annotation/64","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"the Army machines, horses.\nThey put 200 poor Jews on that boat. The boat was like flowing up and down. The\nweather was horrible. It was September. Everybody was deadly ill on that boat\nbecause too big. It was a big boat and ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35089/file/104017#t=1890.0,1920.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35089/file/104017/transcript/21596/annotation/65","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"just a few poor Jews on that boat. It\ntook eight days to come on the boat. The boat came to New Orleans. From New\nOrleans, they took us. They accepted us very nice. The same thing when we\narrived. We docked in New ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35089/file/104017#t=1920.0,1950.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35089/file/104017/transcript/21596/annotation/66","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Orleans. We arrived there and the same . . .\n\nEINSTEIN: The same feeling. Go on.\n\nEISENSTEIN: The same feeling, I had. When the shipped docked in New Orleans, the\norchestra was playing American hymn. We went out. Not a bit of joy . . . such\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35089/file/104017#t=1950.0,1980.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35089/file/104017/transcript/21596/annotation/67","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"absolutely . . . nothing meant . . . Not a bit of joy, \"Here I am, free.\" I\nnever had that feeling for a long time. Then they put us on a train. The trains\ntook a day and a half to come to Atlanta. We were looking for the cotton fields.\nWhere are they? ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35089/file/104017#t=1980.0,2010.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35089/file/104017/transcript/21596/annotation/68","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Not one cotton.\n\nEINSTEIN: What was the first thing you saw when you got here? What do you\nremember seeing on your first day besides not seeing cotton fields?\n\nEISENSTEIN: I seen the army orchestra playing for us, accepting us. Couldn't\nsmile. I was crying. I knew I lost everybody, but then my . . . ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35089/file/104017#t=2010.0,2040.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35089/file/104017/transcript/21596/annotation/69","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"with a sick child.\n\nEINSTEIN: When you came . . .\n\nEISENSTEIN: I had had two of them already. Yes, Pola was four years old. She was\n. . . For a whole year, the doctors told me in Poland, \"You should cover her and\nforget about her.\" She was deadly sick when she was born. She was born like a\nlittle mouse, nothing. Nothing ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35089/file/104017#t=2040.0,2070.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35089/file/104017/transcript/21596/annotation/70","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"was . . . eleven months the child was crying day\nand night. She never stopped crying. Cried out two big . . . She was trying to\nlive with me. All I could give her is nothing. I lived . . . I never could shake\nit off, never ever.\n\nEINSTEIN: When you ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35089/file/104017#t=2070.0,2100.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35089/file/104017/transcript/21596/annotation/71","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"came here, how long did it take you to . . .\n\nEISENSTEIN: Adjust?\n\nEINSTEIN: To adjust.\n\nEISENSTEIN: To begin with, they accepted us very beautiful here. There was with\nthe Gerson Theatre. He bought a house in Decatur. We were the first ones to move\ninto that house in Decatur, so it was very nice really. They ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35089/file/104017#t=2100.0,2130.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35089/file/104017/transcript/21596/annotation/72","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"were all accepting\nus really nice here. But again, it was far away. We didn't have nobody with us.\nThey put two families--the Rosches and us--in that house. The same thing\nhappened when we moved to that little house, the antisemitism. The people around\nstarted to scream, \"We don't want Jews!\" It was ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35089/file/104017#t=2130.0,2160.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35089/file/104017/transcript/21596/annotation/73","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"a neighborhood strictly for\nwhite, antisemitic people. But it happened there was a family living there. She\nwas Seventh Adventist. Her husband was partly Jewish. She started to go to all\nthe neighbors, persuading them that we are nice people and we went through hell.\nThey changed completely. They started to ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35089/file/104017#t=2160.0,2190.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35089/file/104017/transcript/21596/annotation/74","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"come to knock at the door to bring us\ncake and candies. But in the beginning, it was a disaster, back in Germany. Yes,\nbut they changed.\n\nEINSTEIN: When you came here, you had two girls? When did you have the boys?\n\nEISENSTEIN: The boys were born in ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35089/file/104017#t=2190.0,2220.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35089/file/104017/transcript/21596/annotation/75","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"1955. They're forty-seven.\n\nEINSTEIN: What are their names?\n\nEISENSTEIN: Aaron and Harry. Twins. It was the biggest blessing. I think they\nput me on my feet. I told myself, \"Well, Clara, now is the time. You can go down\nor you can go up.\" I started to fight to go up, not down.\n\nEINSTEIN: Did the survivor community help you here, meeting survivors . . .\n\nEISENSTEIN: There were no survivors at that time. We ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35089/file/104017#t=2220.0,2250.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35089/file/104017/transcript/21596/annotation/76","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"were the first ones.\n\nEINSTEIN: The Lanskys were not here or the Metzers?\n\nEISENSTEIN: No, nobody was here. Only the Weisses came before us. The family\nbrought them in. That's about all. We were the first ones. The Rosches and we\nwere the first ones here in Atlanta. There were no survivors whatsoever.\n\nEINSTEIN: What about the Federation?\n\nEISENSTEIN: The Federation was very small at that time. There was the Alliance\non Capital ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35089/file/104017#t=2250.0,2280.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35089/file/104017/transcript/21596/annotation/77","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Avenue. They were nice. They tried to teach us English, which I\ncouldn't go to learn. I had two sick children on my hands. I could not go to the\nclasses. My husband went a little bit, but he couldn't. He didn't have much\ntime. But they tried to teach us English. They took us to the doctors the first\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35089/file/104017#t=2280.0,2310.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35089/file/104017/transcript/21596/annotation/78","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"time. They tried to do whatever they could. They tried.\n\nEINSTEIN: Some of your family traditions . . .\n\nEISENSTEIN: There was no Federation at that time.\n\nEINSTEIN: It was a different name.\n\nEISENSTEIN: Yes.\n\nEINSTEIN: Some of your family traditions that you had when you were growing up\nin Poland, have you tried to transmit those traditions to the children the way\nyou celebrate ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35089/file/104017#t=2310.0,2340.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35089/file/104017/transcript/21596/annotation/79","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"holidays, a special food that you prepared or that your mother prepared?\n\nEISENSTEIN: You mean here in Atlanta?\n\nEINSTEIN: Some of the tradition that you had in Poland, your family traditions.\n\nEISENSTEIN: We brought them with us.\n\nEINSTEIN: What are some of those traditions that you have tried to . . .\n\nEISENSTEIN: The main tradition, even though my husband didn't want to hear about\nit . . . He didn't want to hear about G-d. He said, \"I want him to forget us. I\ndon't want him to see us ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35089/file/104017#t=2340.0,2370.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35089/file/104017/transcript/21596/annotation/80","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"anymore.\" But I started to light the Shabbos candles\nevery Friday. On Shabbos, Friday night, we started . . . I insisted on it. Work\nor not, we had to Shabbos dinner Friday night. It was funny thing. He played\nthat he didn't want it. He prided himself. He would tell some people that, \"My\nwife lights Shabbos candles.\" ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35089/file/104017#t=2370.0,2400.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35089/file/104017/transcript/21596/annotation/81","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"He didn't want it, so why was he talking about it?\nIt was a tremendous fight within us. Like today, one of my sons . . . I grew up\nin an Orthodox home. I saw my momma lighting Shabbos candles. It was terribly\ndear to me to make Shabbos. It was so ingrained in me. I didn't want to get away\nfrom ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35089/file/104017#t=2400.0,2430.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35089/file/104017/transcript/21596/annotation/82","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"it. That way, I could remember my momma and my family. I was following. But\nthe pressure from my husband was terrible not to do those things.\n\nEINSTEIN: What about the children?\n\nEISENSTEIN: When they started to go to Sunday school, they would come and tell\nus what to do. I mentioned to you ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35089/file/104017#t=2430.0,2460.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35089/file/104017/transcript/21596/annotation/83","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that one of my boys turned out to be very\nOrthodox. His twin brother is not. He knows the religion. He is religious but\nabsolutely nothing . . . But it's such a piece of my soul when I visit my son.\nIt's such a serenity when Shabbos arrives, ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35089/file/104017#t=2460.0,2490.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35089/file/104017/transcript/21596/annotation/84","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"when the Shabbos is there. It's\nunbelievable. I cannot feel more sadness that I lost . . . That is the only time\nthat I don't feel the sadness because I am back in those surroundings. It's a\nvery peaceful time for me to be with him. I'm not following Shabbos like ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35089/file/104017#t=2490.0,2520.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35089/file/104017/transcript/21596/annotation/85","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"my son\ndoes. I'm not shomer Shabbos. What else would I do by myself? Excuses. It\nusually happens like this. The second generation is not religious but the new\none becomes religious. None of my children were or are, but I like it. I really\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35089/file/104017#t=2520.0,2550.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35089/file/104017/transcript/21596/annotation/86","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"like it.\n\nEINSTEIN: I know that it is very difficult for you to talk about your\nexperiences but you never say, \"No,\" to us. I want to know why you do it when it\nis so difficult to do.\n\nEISENSTEIN: You're talking about Irene?\n\nEINSTEIN: No. You are so wonderful to agree to these interviews when it is so\nhard on ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35089/file/104017#t=2550.0,2580.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35089/file/104017/transcript/21596/annotation/87","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"you.\n\nEISENSTEIN: Yes.\n\nEINSTEIN: Why do you do it?\n\nEISENSTEIN: I think it's . . . I do it . . . I think it's important for the\nworld to know. For the world we live in, where there is so much killing and\nhatred . . . I wish the hatred would be erased completely from this world. It\nupsets me so much. I read Jerusalem ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35089/file/104017#t=2580.0,2610.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35089/file/104017/transcript/21596/annotation/88","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Post. We just . . . They don't exactly write\n. . . They on the right side. But then I connected with internet with Israeli\npaper--my son connected me with them--which is on the left side. The Jerusalem\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35089/file/104017#t=2610.0,2640.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35089/file/104017/transcript/21596/annotation/89","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Post, I like it very much. They are trying to . . . They even talk about us, to\npersuade to eliminate the hatred which interrupts the learning in schools. Like\nI was reading that Islam schools teach to sacrifice their life and to kill the\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35089/file/104017#t=2640.0,2670.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35089/file/104017/transcript/21596/annotation/90","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Jews. But there are some other schools which really want to get close to Jewish\npeople. It's dangerous to do it for Israelis. I just recently heard--my son told\nme--that a guy who was taking six Arabs to work every morning and bringing them\nback home, they killed him. He was friend of those six Arabs. They worked for\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35089/file/104017#t=2670.0,2700.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35089/file/104017/transcript/21596/annotation/91","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"him years. They just killed him. We're living in terrible, trying times, but I\nknow that the hatred won't bring nothing good. I think there must be a way to\nsolve the heaviest problems.\n\nEINSTEIN: I want to thank you very much.\n\nBERMAN: ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35089/file/104017#t=2700.0,2730.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35089/file/104017/transcript/21596/annotation/92","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Would you mind if I ask a couple of questions?\n\nEISENSTEIN: You don't want to know nothing about my family now?\n\nEINSTEIN: No, I would like to ask about the family. I was not sure you wanted\nto. Tell me about the family today. How many children . . .\n\nEISENSTEIN: Today . . . I lost one daughter. I have three children. I have ten\ngrandchildren. It's wonderful. Every month, I have celebrations one or two\nbecause they are coming birthdays of my kids, they are ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35089/file/104017#t=2730.0,2760.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35089/file/104017/transcript/21596/annotation/93","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"coming anniversaries. I\njust went to a bar mitzvah of my grandson, which was just marvelous. It was\nwonderful. Thank G-d I have a wonderful family. Like every Jewish momma will\ntell you she's got the best children, I think mine are the best.\n\nEINSTEIN: That is wonderful and they are good ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35089/file/104017#t=2760.0,2790.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35089/file/104017/transcript/21596/annotation/94","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"children. If you could give them\none thing, something . . . If you could say one thing to them and leave them\nwith something from your experiences, what would that be?\n\nEISENSTEIN: Advice? I'm always giving them in different situations advice. I\nmean, to leave them . . . ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35089/file/104017#t=2790.0,2820.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35089/file/104017/transcript/21596/annotation/95","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"to live together very close because we do not have\nfamilies anymore. We have only each other, a tiny little family. I lost\neverybody in the war. My husband lost everybody in the war. I would like them to\nbe very close to each other. I try to instill that to them. And I try to . . . I\ndon't even have to. My daughter is very liberal and ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35089/file/104017#t=2820.0,2850.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35089/file/104017/transcript/21596/annotation/96","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"she wants peace on Earth. My\nson feels the same. They grew up . . . It's like I always said, when I started\nto worry about my daughter--she went marching in Washington--I said, \"We taught\nthem to be liberal, but we didn't think they will go over the board!\"\n\nEINSTEIN: Have you ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35089/file/104017#t=2850.0,2880.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35089/file/104017/transcript/21596/annotation/97","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"ever gone back to visit the town? Have you ever gone back to Poland?\n\nEISENSTEIN: We wanted . . . We planned on it three years ago. I planned to take\nmy children to go--not to visit. I'm not interested because even when the war\nended, I locked myself for six months when we were in Poland. I didn't go out. I\ncouldn't work. We didn't go out on the streets, which was full with Jewish\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35089/file/104017#t=2880.0,2910.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35089/file/104017/transcript/21596/annotation/98","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"blood, which I had to wash them all the time, the streets. They told us to wash\nthe streets from the blood. Didn't have the desire to do it. I know only about\none of my sisters, where she was buried alive with her husband. After the war,\nthe small Jewish community, those few people, we erected them a sign over ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35089/file/104017#t=2910.0,2940.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35089/file/104017/transcript/21596/annotation/99","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"there.\nI know it still stays there--the matzeiva--because some people from Israel from\nmy hometown went there to fix the matzeiva. It's still there. I was planning\nonly one thing: to go there to the grave of my sister and my brother-in-law. He\nwas a doctor and she was a French teacher. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35089/file/104017#t=2940.0,2970.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35089/file/104017/transcript/21596/annotation/100","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I had a terrible dream at night. I\nwas surrounded with Gestapo and my children and I didn't have anywhere to run.\nMy heart started to run unbelievable fast. That was in my son's house. I was\nvisiting at that time. I didn't want to wake him up in the beginning but then\nthe heart would not stop running terribly. I knocked at his door. He came ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35089/file/104017#t=2970.0,3000.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35089/file/104017/transcript/21596/annotation/101","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"out.\nMy daughter-in-law saw it. I asked him only, \"Hold your hand,\" because the heart\nis bumping out of my chest. She called the 911. They were in a very religious\nsection and they had a special one. They were right away. I lost the blood\npressure. They couldn't find . . . I didn't have no blood pressure. I was dead\nfor ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35089/file/104017#t=3000.0,3030.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35089/file/104017/transcript/21596/annotation/102","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"seconds. They brought me to the hospital and again, I was gone. How did I\nwake up? They were screaming, \"Wake up! Wake up!\" That was the end of my plans\nto go.\n\nEINSTEIN: It would be, I am sure, a very difficult . . .\n\nEISENSTEIN: Then I had heart problems at the same ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35089/file/104017#t=3030.0,3060.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35089/file/104017/transcript/21596/annotation/103","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"time. The heart started to--\n\nEINSTEIN: After a number of years, did the survivor community here in Atlanta .\n. . Did that become your family? Did you get close?\n\nEISENSTEIN: Very close--we were replacing our families--and we still are with them.\n\nEINSTEIN: After the Eternal Life-Hemshech?\n\nEISENSTEIN: Yes, we were replacing our families with ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35089/file/104017#t=3060.0,3090.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35089/file/104017/transcript/21596/annotation/104","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"them.\n\nEINSTEIN: What did Leon do here for business?\n\nEISENSTEIN: My husband?\n\nEINSTEIN: Yes.\n\nEISENSTEIN: He was the first Jewish accepted in General Electric. They were at\nthat time far away. He had to take three buses in the morning to go to work. He\nwas working there two years. He designed the . . . ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35089/file/104017#t=3090.0,3120.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35089/file/104017/transcript/21596/annotation/105","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"There was the Kaiser Company.\nHe designed the . . . He made the plans for that company. At that time, the\npeople didn't have no insurance, no nothing. We had very little money and a very\nsick child. Somebody talked him into going into a grocery store. He hated it. We\nhad four ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35089/file/104017#t=3120.0,3150.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35089/file/104017/transcript/21596/annotation/106","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"groceries or five. He would stay there a year and he would sell it. He\nhated it with all his heart. He couldn't get used to it. Then he went into . . .\nWe bought some apartments and that's the way our income came from. Not many. He\nwas not the big one. But that's the way we made a living. That's the way I still\nmake a ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35089/file/104017#t=3150.0,3180.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35089/file/104017/transcript/21596/annotation/107","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"living.\n\nEINSTEIN: That is wonderful.\n\nBERMAN: Clara, can you talk a little bit about Irene, about her childhood here\nin Atlanta, and she went to school?\n\nEISENSTEIN: No. I cannot talk about it. I really cannot talk about it.\n\nBERMAN: Okay. That is fine.\n\nEISENSTEIN: It's so unbelievably painful. It's like I saw yesterday. Larry King\nhad interviewed . . . ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35089/file/104017#t=3180.0,3210.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35089/file/104017/transcript/21596/annotation/108","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"What's her name? Rich's wife? The guy who is . . .\n\nEINSTEIN: Marc . . .\n\nEISENSTEIN: Marc's wife, Denise.\n\nEINSTEIN: Yes.\n\nEISENSTEIN: She lost a child, too--a daughter. She said the same. It's the most\npainful thing in the world. This is unbelievable what it means to lose a child.\n\nBERMAN: I was thinking more from the point of view ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35089/file/104017#t=3210.0,3240.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35089/file/104017/transcript/21596/annotation/109","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"of coming to America and\nhaving American children when you were European. I mean, what that was like when\nthey would learn English and you didn't know English.\n\nEISENSTEIN: Kids are catching right away. My Pola was four years old right when\nwe came and she would come home crying from the street, \"Ich Kann es nicht\nVerstehen, Mutti.\" She couldn't understand them when they ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35089/file/104017#t=3240.0,3270.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35089/file/104017/transcript/21596/annotation/110","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"talked. The children\nlearn very fast. It took me a long time, but not the kids.\n\nEINSTEIN: You speak beautifully. Where did you . . . Did you go to the . . .\n\nEISENSTEIN: I never went to school. I never learned, but I read a lot. Lately,\nmostly magazines are all I can swallow what I ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35089/file/104017#t=3270.0,3300.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35089/file/104017/transcript/21596/annotation/111","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"read.\n\nEINSTEIN: Is there anything that you would like to talk about? We have done\nseveral interviews with you. I guess Sandy has done several interviews with you.\nIs there anything that you have always wanted to be asked that we have never\nasked you?\n\nEISENSTEIN: I can't think right now, but you can ask me and then we'll come . . .\n\nBERMAN: I have one more question. You said that your husband did not want you to\nlight the Shabbos candles. Did you join a ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35089/file/104017#t=3300.0,3330.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35089/file/104017/transcript/21596/annotation/112","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"synagogue when you came here?\n\nEISENSTEIN: The day we walked in, I think the Spiegel's met us. They came from\nGermany before the war. They took us to AA. That day we joined the synagogue. He\nwas not the synagogue-goer, G-d forbid, but he was praying fantastic. People\nwould think that he was so religious. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35089/file/104017#t=3330.0,3360.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35089/file/104017/transcript/21596/annotation/113","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"All the Jewish boys learned. You take my\ngrandchildren from that son. They are unbelievable. They . . . and they . . .\n\nEINSTEIN: What was Rabbi Epstein like? Did you become . . .\n\nEISENSTEIN: Rabbi Epstein was very nice. Reva was a lady. She was really a\nqueen. There will never be another Rebbetzin like she was. She knew everybody ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35089/file/104017#t=3360.0,3390.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35089/file/104017/transcript/21596/annotation/114","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"by\nfirst and last name. She knew exactly what everybody was doing. She was\nfabulous. Rabbi Epstein was very nice. I never had complaints about him. One\ntime when my boys were bar mitzvahed, they wanted to make the service all by\nthemselves, my boys. Aaron was already deep in religion by that ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35089/file/104017#t=3390.0,3420.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35089/file/104017/transcript/21596/annotation/115","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"time. Rabbi\nEpstein was in Florida. There was another rabbi here. He let them conduct the\nservices in synagogue. Rabbi Epstein would never allow. He was too proud and too\nbig. He wanted to do it. I forget his name, the rabbi. He let the children. No,\nhe did allow. Excuse me because we donated a Sefer ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35089/file/104017#t=3420.0,3450.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35089/file/104017/transcript/21596/annotation/116","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Torah when the boys were bar\nmitzvahed. He did let them. I'm sorry. There was another thing when I lost my\nhusband. The children would not let rabbi have . . . a eulogy because rabbi\nwould never let nobody do it. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35089/file/104017#t=3450.0,3480.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35089/file/104017/transcript/21596/annotation/117","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"He was in Miami that time and they designated one\nof my boys to say. Everybody was crying when he was talking. He was talking very\nbeautifully. He said, \"Who knows best my daddy? This is my father. How can Rabbi\ntalk about him? What does he know about him?\" So, he was talking.\n\nEINSTEIN: It is ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35089/file/104017#t=3480.0,3510.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35089/file/104017/transcript/21596/annotation/118","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"wonderful that you have such a strong family today. Have you\ntold . . . Do the children and the older grandchildren know your whole story?\n\nEISENSTEIN: Everything. As a matter of fact, the oldest one, if I want to watch\nit when it comes something news about the Holocaust, he would always turn off\nthe . . . When I had an interview here, ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35089/file/104017#t=3510.0,3540.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35089/file/104017/transcript/21596/annotation/119","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"last time, I send him the tapes because\nhe wanted to have it. He makes copies for everybody but he wanted to have them.\n\nEINSTEIN: It is wonderful that you . . .\n\nEISENSTEIN: Yes, all my children know about that.\n\nEINSTEIN: When did you tell them? When were you able to talk about it with them?\n\nEISENSTEIN: I didn't talk. We never talked about it. It was a horrible thing\nlike we would be ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35089/file/104017#t=3540.0,3570.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35089/file/104017/transcript/21596/annotation/120","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"ashamed. Maybe we were ashamed that we lost everybody and we\nare alive. We were ashamed. We never wanted the children to hear when we talk\nabout it. One of my boys, when we talked sometimes Yiddish with my husband and\nfriends, he especially took German in college. He speaks fluently German to\nunderstand our Jewish. He was always ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35089/file/104017#t=3570.0,3600.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35089/file/104017/transcript/21596/annotation/121","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"in schools. This one sends his little boy\nnow to Jewish speaking . . . not a kindergarten, they have Yeshiva.\n\nEINSTEIN: Preschool?\n\nEISENSTEIN: Yes, Jewish speaking because to them the language is so dear. But we\ncould not talk to our children about it. How did they find out? I remember Pola\nwas hiding behind the doors ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35089/file/104017#t=3600.0,3630.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35089/file/104017/transcript/21596/annotation/122","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"when we had company, because all our subjects when\nwe had company always come back to the wartime. We never talked nothing. We\ntalked about politics and about wartime. We never could talk about normal things\ngoing on, never. I remember Pola was hiding behind the door to listen. Irene\nunderstood. She ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35089/file/104017#t=3630.0,3660.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35089/file/104017/transcript/21596/annotation/123","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"went through it. She understood it well.\n\nEINSTEIN: When did you tell? You were mentioning that Pola used to listen when\nyour friends came over. When did you start really talking?\n\nEISENSTEIN: Really never.\n\nEINSTEIN: Really never? How did they all find out then?\n\nEISENSTEIN: The children?\n\nEINSTEIN: Yes.\n\nEISENSTEIN: Just listening ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35089/file/104017#t=3660.0,3690.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35089/file/104017/transcript/21596/annotation/124","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and hearing the news, hearing the world talking.\n\nEINSTEIN: But your own story?\n\nEISENSTEIN: No, we couldn't talk about this. We couldn't talk. I feel that we\nmust have been terribly ashamed to talk about it. How did we let something like\nthat happen? It was the world let it happen. Even though, very seldom . . . I\nwas thinking. I ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35089/file/104017#t=3690.0,3720.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35089/file/104017/transcript/21596/annotation/125","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"remember I was hiding; it was still before the ghetto. It was\npogrom again and I was running. Once I was hiding in basement somewhere. It was\na little opening and I could see Jewish people marching to death, maybe eight in\na row. Quiet. Three drunken Gestapo people on ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35089/file/104017#t=3720.0,3750.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35089/file/104017/transcript/21596/annotation/126","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"horses and thousands of Jewish\npeople or hundreds that time marching to their death, to open graves. I was\nasking somebody once, \"Why did they do it?\" It was easy to go and kill the\nGestapo. They all left families. They were afraid that if they do something\nwrong to the ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35089/file/104017#t=3750.0,3780.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35089/file/104017/transcript/21596/annotation/127","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Gestapo, the Gestapo will pick up all the families. They were\nprotecting a wife and children that they left behind. At first, they were\npicking up whoever they wanted to.\n\nEINSTEIN: Were the Jewish community that was here in Atlanta, did they want to\nhear your story or did they not want to hear it?\n\nEISENSTEIN: Did they want to hear ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35089/file/104017#t=3780.0,3810.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35089/file/104017/transcript/21596/annotation/128","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"it?\n\nEINSTEIN: Did the Jews who were living here, the families at AA that you met,\nwere they interested in what happened to you?\n\nEISENSTEIN: Not at all. I was in a bus when a Jewish older woman said, \"The war\ndid not end in time. It should have been longer. We would have made money.\" Not\nat all. They were not interested. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35089/file/104017#t=3810.0,3840.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35089/file/104017/transcript/21596/annotation/129","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I am to say we were ashamed and we were hurt.\nJust to talk about this, we were hurting. G-d forbid we can hurt the children\nwith it. Jewish people around us didn't want to hear about it.\n\nEINSTEIN: Why did you think that? Why do you think they did not want to hear\nabout it?\n\nEISENSTEIN: In the war, they all made money. I was told by somebody. The war was\na heaven to ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35089/file/104017#t=3840.0,3870.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35089/file/104017/transcript/21596/annotation/130","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"them. There was a very poor . . . Jewish people were not as rich as\nthey were after the war. They were struggling. They didn't have it so good.\nThat's why they didn't become our friends later in Israel. Somehow, we picked up\nourselves material wise. We done it well. They couldn't understand that they had\nit so ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35089/file/104017#t=3870.0,3900.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35089/file/104017/transcript/21596/annotation/131","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"hard in the beginning that we have it better than they have it. There was\na jealousy and not friendliness. They really didn't want to have nothing to do\nwith war. All of them were successful on account of the war.\n\nEINSTEIN: One final question.\n\nEISENSTEIN: Yes.\n\nEINSTEIN: When you came ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35089/file/104017#t=3900.0,3930.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35089/file/104017/transcript/21596/annotation/132","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"here, there was still segregation going on between the\nraces, blacks and . . .\n\nEISENSTEIN: Yes.\n\nEINSTEIN: What was your reaction to that?\n\nEISENSTEIN: Painful. On the boat, I saw something that it's in my eyes for the\nrest of my life. Everybody was deadly sick and suddenly opens the floor in the\nboat and a black man . . . We never saw black people in our life. They were not\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35089/file/104017#t=3930.0,3960.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35089/file/104017/transcript/21596/annotation/133","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"even in stories. You read the stories of Indians in America but you never read\nstories about black people. My sister knew it but she was not alive. She was in\nParis so she knew it. He came out with a jug of hot tea. He handed to me and he\nsaid, \"Have it and give it to your children. They'll feel ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35089/file/104017#t=3960.0,3990.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35089/file/104017/transcript/21596/annotation/134","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"better.\" I couldn't\ntalk to him. I couldn't tell him, \"Why don't you come up?\" Coming to New\nOrleans, I seen a horrible thing. I seen the black people were walking not on\nsidewalks. They are walking where the horses are walking. They were not allowed\nto walk on the sidewalk. Terrible. Painful. Terrible. I said, \"I came back to\nthe same what I left.\" It was ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35089/file/104017#t=3990.0,4020.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35089/file/104017/transcript/21596/annotation/135","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"unbelievable painful to me, to us, all of us.\nGoing to the store to work, I was taking buses. There was never room in the\nfront to sit down. I would go way back to sit between the black people. I didn't\nhave the slightest idea I shouldn't do it. I didn't understand English. I didn't\nknow what's going on ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35089/file/104017#t=4020.0,4050.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35089/file/104017/transcript/21596/annotation/136","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"yet. They would look at me and I would fix my skirt. They\nwould look at me and I would fix me feet. I didn't know what to do with myself.\nI was wondering why they were looking at me. Nobody done nothing to me. I was\nalways going to sit. There was always some place to sit way in the back where\nthe black people would sit.\n\nEINSTEIN: Did you talk to . . . Did any of the . . .\n\nEISENSTEIN: No. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35089/file/104017#t=4050.0,4080.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35089/file/104017/transcript/21596/annotation/137","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Nobody gave a comment about this at all. We're talking about 50\nyears ago. No, not whatsoever. They saw an idiot woman who doesn't understand\nwhat they talking to her. When I was going, I would give the bus driver to read\nwhere I should go.\n\nEINSTEIN: Did you get active in any organizations here?\n\nEISENSTEIN: In . . .\n\nEINSTEIN: ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35089/file/104017#t=4080.0,4110.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35089/file/104017/transcript/21596/annotation/138","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"In Atlanta.\n\nEISENSTEIN: Was I active in . . .\n\nEINSTEIN: Like Hadassah or B'nai B'rith?\n\nEISENSTEIN: I was very active in the beginning, yes. I had . . . I made a friend\nhere. Very nice. You might know her. Ethel Weiss. You knew her husband, too?\n\nEINSTEIN: Yes.\n\nEISENSTEIN: Yes, really we were very close friends at that time. Why did I\nmention her? She's on my mind. She's very ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35089/file/104017#t=4110.0,4140.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35089/file/104017/transcript/21596/annotation/139","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"sweet. Why did I mention her?\n\nEINSTEIN: Hadassah?\n\nEISENSTEIN: Yes. She took me to Hadassah. I joined Hadassah at that time. I was\nvery active in for many years. Then, I started to . . . Then later, I was with\nFederation, taking sick people to the doctors. For years I was doing it. In the\nbeginning, I had sick children on my hands. There was not much I could do then.\nNo language. ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35089/file/104017#t=4140.0,4170.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35089/file/104017/transcript/21596/annotation/140","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"No language, you couldn't do much.\n\nEINSTEIN: I want to thank you very much. This was, as usual, very special for me\nto be with you.\n\nEISENSTEIN: Thank you. Your head must be full of stories.\n\nEINSTEIN: Thank you.\n\nEISENSTEIN: I hope it doesn't affect you, darling. No, I hope not.\n\nEINSTEIN: Thank you.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35089/file/104017#t=4170.0,4200.0"}]},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35089/file/104017/annotation_set/305","type":"AnnotationPage","label":{"en":["Annotations [Transcript]"]},"items":[{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35089/file/104017/annotation_set/305/annotation/141","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eOn August 11, 1935, Clara married Leon Eisenstein. Clara and Leon were both from Boryslaw, Poland [Polish: Borysław], a city located roughly 75 kilometers (47 miles) southwest of Lwow, Poland (present day Lviv, Ukraine). Borysław was an important town in the oil industry in which many Jews held important positions. Today Boryslaw is in the Ukraine and is called ‘Boryslav.’ The town is located roughly 75 kilometers (47 miles) southwest of Lwow, Poland (present day Lviv, Ukraine).\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35089/file/104017#t=30.0,60.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35089/file/104017/annotation_set/305/annotation/142","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eAn abbreviation of \u003cem\u003eGeheime Staatspolizei\u003c/em\u003e, which means “Secret State Police,” the \u003cem\u003eGestapo\u003c/em\u003e was established in 1934 and placed under Heinrich Himmler. With virtually unlimited powers, it was highly feared. The \u003cem\u003eGestapo\u003c/em\u003e acted to oppress and persecute Jews and other opponents of the Nazis, including rounding up Jews throughout Europe for deportation to extermination camps. \u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35089/file/104017#t=60.0,90.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35089/file/104017/annotation_set/305/annotation/143","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eIn November 1941, a Jewish residential quarter (an open ghetto) was established in Boryslaw. On November 20, the death penalty was introduced for Jews leaving their place of residence without permission. The Jewish community of Boryslaw suffered from typhus outbreaks and severe hunger during the winter of 1941-1942.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35089/file/104017#t=60.0,90.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35089/file/104017/annotation_set/305/annotation/144","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eA series of \u003cem\u003eAktions\u003c/em\u003e took place in the Boryslaw ghetto between November 1941 and November 1942. During that time, thousands of Jews from Boryslaw and the surrounding areas were sent to the Janowska Street labor camp near Lwow, to the Belzec extermination camp, or killed and buried in mass graves in the nearby woods. In November 1942, the ghetto became a forced labor camp for prisoners working in the oil industry. By January 1943, only 443 forced laborers and a few hundred who worked for other German offices remained in the ghetto. The final liquidation of the Boryslaw ghetto took place May 25 – June 2, 1943. By July 1944 the last of the Boryslaw Jews had been dispersed to other labor camps or murdered \u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35089/file/104017#t=60.0,90.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35089/file/104017/annotation_set/305/annotation/145","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eAnother \u003cem\u003eAktion\u003c/em\u003e occurred in the Boryslaw ghetto in November 1942. Over the course of three weeks, approximately 1,500 Jews, who were mainly the families of armament workers, were arrested and held in the Graszyna Cinema while Jews found in hiding places were shot. During one of many roundups in November, Clara and Irene hid in a basement, where she was able to observe hundreds of Jews being marched to their deaths. On November 29—30, the 1,500 were deported to Belzec and the Janowska Street labor camp. The remaining able-bodied Jews were separated for forced labor. In November 1942, a forced labor camp (\u003cem\u003eZwangsarbeiteslager\u003c/em\u003e, ZAL) was established for prisoners working in the oil industry. Leon was sent to the labor camp. At that point, Clara and the baby went into hiding with a local family, who had prepared a hiding place. The family was denounced and Gestapo agents came to search the home. Clara and Irene were discovered and taken to the police station, where she again managed to escape. She was then briefly hidden by a Ukrainian farmer before fleeing to the forest. By the summer of 1943, Leon had escaped from the labor camp and joined Clara and Irene in the forest. Clara and Irene were then hidden in the home an old Ukrainian woman who dug a tunnel beneath the floor for the home to an underground hole just beyond. At some point, the woman became afraid so Clara and Irene returned to the forest temporarily. They had returned to the woman’s home and were again hiding underground when the Russians liberated the area in August 1944. \u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35089/file/104017#t=90.0,120.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35089/file/104017/annotation_set/305/annotation/146","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eBoryslaw is in the Carpathian Mountain region. The Carpathian Mountains or Carpathians are a range of mountains forming an arc across Central Europe. The roughly 1,500 km (932 mi) long arc stretches through the Czech Republic, Slovakia, Poland, Hungary, Ukraine, Romania, and Serbia. The region is dense with forested hills and fast-flowing rivers.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35089/file/104017#t=90.0,120.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35089/file/104017/annotation_set/305/annotation/147","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe Russian Army liberated Boryslaw on August 7, 1944.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35089/file/104017#t=360.0,390.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35089/file/104017/annotation_set/305/annotation/148","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe first major \u003cem\u003eAktion\u003c/em\u003e in the Boryslaw ghetto began on the morning of August 6, 1942. An Austrian unit of the Schutzpolizei (German state police), Ukrainian Auxiliary Police, and Jewish Police began to round up a list of Jews who had been selected by the Judenrat for deportation. They were detained in the Graszyna Cinema. The Aktion was temporarily halted because many Jews had escaped into the outlying forests or hidden in the city. The operation resumed later that day, and many Jews were arrested or killed. Those detained were housed in the overcrowded movie theater, as well as in the former headquarters of the Polish Socialist Party. Four hundred were sent to the Janowska Street labor camp near Lwow and at least 5,000 were sent to the Belzec extermination camp. Hundreds more were killed and buried in a mass grave in the nearby woods. Clara and Irene were able to escape the August \u003cem\u003eAktion\u003c/em\u003e after Clara jumped from a truck filled with other Jews who had been rounded up. After blending in with crowds of on-lookers, Clara made her way to a house where, for the price of some jewelry, she and Irene were hidden in a barn for two days until the Aktion ended. Following that Aktion, the Germans established two separate open ghettos in Boryslaw. Clara and Irene returned to the ghetto at that point. The health and living conditions were very bad and they were severely overcrowded. \u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35089/file/104017#t=450.0,480.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35089/file/104017/annotation_set/305/annotation/149","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eAfter liberation, many Jewish survivors encountered manifestations of antisemitism, hostility, and violence from the local populations when they returned home. In late 1945 and the summer of 1946, a series of horrific assaults against surviving Jewish communities occurred in postwar East Central Europe, particularly in Poland, Hungary, Slovakia, Ukraine, Russia and Romania. In postwar Poland, there were a number of pogroms (violent anti-Jewish riots). One of the most well-known examples occurred in the southeastern Polish town of Kielce on July 4, 1946. Polish civilians, soldiers and police killed 42 Jews and injured 40 others. While not an isolated instance, the massacre symbolized the precarious state of Jewish life in the Holocaust’s aftermath and prompted many survivors to leave Europe.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35089/file/104017#t=660.0,690.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35089/file/104017/annotation_set/305/annotation/150","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eAt the start of World War II, the Jewish population of Boryslaw was around 13,000. During the war, some Poles and Ukrainian residents helped to hide Jews in the area. A partisan unit mostly composed of escapees from the Boryslaw ghetto was also active in the area and hiding in the forests. By the time the Russian Army liberated Boryslaw on August 7, 1944, between 200 and 400 Jews came out of hiding and a few more returned from Russia or survived the camps. \u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35089/file/104017#t=690.0,720.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35089/file/104017/annotation_set/305/annotation/151","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eA Communist Party had existed in Poland between the two world wars, but had been disbanded in 1938 and few Polish Communists survived after the war. Nevertheless, the country had been devastated by the war and the country’s borders were left in flux immediately after the war. Eventually, parts of eastern Poland were annexed into the Soviet Union while other German territories were absorbed into Poland. The provisional Polish government was reconfigured to foster the growth of communism and the People's Republic of Poland quickly became part of the post-war Soviet sphere of influence in Eastern Europe.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35089/file/104017#t=720.0,750.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35089/file/104017/annotation_set/305/annotation/152","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eGliwice is a city in southern Poland, near Katowice. The Russian Army occupied the city on January 24, 1945.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35089/file/104017#t=810.0,840.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35089/file/104017/annotation_set/305/annotation/153","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eWalbrzych [Polish: Wałbrzych] is a city in southwestern Poland about 10 kilometers (6 miles) from the Czech border. The city emerged from the war almost undamaged. Between 1945 and 1948, several thousand Jews came through Walbrzych.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35089/file/104017#t=810.0,840.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35089/file/104017/annotation_set/305/annotation/154","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe Soviet defeat of Germany in Eastern Europe led to a tremendous geographic shift in Polish territory and, ultimately, to the establishment of a communist dictatorship in Poland which was largely antisemitic. After a surge of anti-Jewish violence in 1946, over 75,000 Jews streamed out of Poland into the Allied-occupied zones in Germany, Austria, and Italy. In many cases, emigration was illegal and Jews had to rely on clandestine organizations to escape Poland as the relationship between the western allies and Russia had significantly deteriorated.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35089/file/104017#t=870.0,900.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35089/file/104017/annotation_set/305/annotation/155","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe \u003cem\u003eHaganah\u003c/em\u003e [Hebrew: defense] was a Jewish paramilitary organization that operated in the British Mandate of Palestine from 1920 to 1948. Haganah operatives worked with the \u003cem\u003eBrichah\u003c/em\u003e, an underground effort funded by the American Jewish Joint Distribution Committee that helped Jewish Holocaust survivors escape post­ World War II to what was then the British Mandate for Palestine. An elaborate smuggling network led Jews from Russian occupied eastern and central Europe into American-occupied Germany and Italy and then onto Palestine. \u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35089/file/104017#t=870.0,900.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35089/file/104017/annotation_set/305/annotation/156","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eDespite their wartime alliance, tensions between the Soviet Union and the United States and Great Britain intensified rapidly as the World War II came to a close. After Germany’s surrender in 1945, Soviet troops occupied most of Eastern Europe. After liberation, many Eastern European Jewish survivors encountered manifestations of antisemitism, hostility, and violence from the local populations when they returned home. In 1946, a surge of Jewish survivors and refugees from the Soviet Union flooded into the western Allies’ zones, hoping to escape the anti-Jewish violence and further persecution from Stalin’s regime. By that time, escalating tensions between the Soviet Union and the western European countries that were allied to the United States had created a political, military, and ideological barrier that divided Europe. In order to curb a concentration of anti-communist political expatriates in the West, the Soviet Union began closing borders. At the time Clara and her family fled Poland, Czechoslovakia had not yet closed its borders, making it an ideal route for many Poles seeking to make it to the western European areas controlled by the western Allies.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35089/file/104017#t=960.0,990.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35089/file/104017/annotation_set/305/annotation/157","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eWhen hostilities ended on May 8, 1945 in Europe, as many as 100,000 Jewish survivors found themselves among the 7,000,000 uprooted and homeless people classified as displaced persons (DPs). In a chaotic six-month period, 6,000,000 non-Jewish DPs, who had been deported to Germany as forced laborers for the Nazis, wandered through Germany and Eastern Europe toward their homelands. The liberated Jews, who were plagued by illness and exhaustion, emerged from concentration camps and hiding places to discover a world in which they had no place. Bereft of home and family, and reluctant to return to their pre-war homelands, these Jews were joined in a matter of months by more than 150,000 other Jews fleeing fierce antisemitism in Poland, Hungary, Romania and Russia. Allied forces established temporary facilities (DP Camps) across Germany, Austria, and Italy to house DPs.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35089/file/104017#t=990.0,1020.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35089/file/104017/annotation_set/305/annotation/158","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eHeidenheim an der Brenz is a town in southern Germany. Heidenheim DP camp was located in the Stuttgart district of the US occupational zone. Until its closure in the summer of 1949, the camp had on average over 2,000 inhabitants, a vast majority of whom wanted to immigrate to Palestine. The DPs were living in requisitioned private houses.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35089/file/104017#t=990.0,1020.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35089/file/104017/annotation_set/305/annotation/159","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eORT (Association for the Promotion of Skilled Trades) is a non-profit global Jewish organization that promotes education and training in communities worldwide. It was founded at the end of the eighteenth century in 1880 in Saint Petersburg, Russia. Active in over 100 countries, today, ORT is the world’s largest Jewish education and vocational training NGO (Non-Governmental Organization). After World War II, ORT was very active in the DP camps, opening schools with rehabilitation programs in 78 camps. The purpose of the schools was to train and prepare DPs (displaced persons) for resettlement in industrialized countries such as the United States, Canada, and Australia as well as Israel, which had a significant need for highly trained manpower. Some 85,000 Jews were trained in new profession and provided with the tools they needed to rebuild their lives.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35089/file/104017#t=1020.0,1050.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35089/file/104017/annotation_set/305/annotation/160","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe United Nations Relief and Rehabilitation Administration (UNRRA) was created in 1943 to provide economic assistance to European nations after World War II ended and to repatriate and assist the refugees who would come under Allied control. The United States government funded half of UNRRA's budget. The UNRRA managed hundreds of displaced persons camps in Germany, Italy, and Austria after the war. It provided health and welfare assistance to the displaced persons, as well as vocational training and entertainment, and served as a major employer of displaced persons. It administered the work of 23 separate volunteer welfare agencies, including the Joint Distribution Committee, the Organization for Rehabilitation through Training (ORT), and the Hebrew Immigrant Aid Society (HIAS).\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35089/file/104017#t=1020.0,1050.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35089/file/104017/annotation_set/305/annotation/161","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eBetween August 1946 and May 1948, the British government intercepted more than 50,000 Holocaust survivors seeking to resettle in Palestine. In an effort to stem the rising tide of illegal immigration, the British began interring detainees in detention camps established on the Mediterranean island of Cyprus. Following the establishment of the state of Israel in May 1948, the Cyprus detention camps ceased operation (the last closed in February 1949) and the detainees finally made their way to Israel.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35089/file/104017#t=1140.0,1170.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35089/file/104017/annotation_set/305/annotation/162","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe American Jewish Joint Distribution Committee (commonly called “the Joint”) is a worldwide Jewish relief organization headquartered in New York. It was established in 1914. After World War II, the Joint provided desperately needed supplies and necessities to survivors inside and outside of DP camps in Europe.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35089/file/104017#t=1140.0,1170.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35089/file/104017/annotation_set/305/annotation/163","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eWhen the British Mandate over Palestine expired on May 14, 1948, the State of Israel declared its independence. A day after the declaration of independence of the State of Israel, armies of five Arab countries, Egypt, Syria, Transjordan, Lebanon, and Iraq, invaded Israel. This marked the beginning of the War of Independence. Despite the numerical superiority of the Arab armies, Israel defended itself and won, maintaining its independence. \u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35089/file/104017#t=1170.0,1200.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35089/file/104017/annotation_set/305/annotation/164","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe Heidenheim DP camp had an extensive religious life with a number of religious schools including the \u003cem\u003eTalmud Torah\u003c/em\u003e, a \u003cem\u003eYeshiva\u003c/em\u003e and a rabbinical school. There was also a large kosher kitchen. \u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35089/file/104017#t=1170.0,1200.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35089/file/104017/annotation_set/305/annotation/165","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe \u003cem\u003eSS\u003c/em\u003e or \u003cem\u003eSchutzstaffel\u003c/em\u003e was a major paramilitary organization under Adolf Hitler and the Nazi Party. It began at the end of 1920 as a small, permanent guard unit known as the “\u003cem\u003eSaal-Schutz\u003c/em\u003e” made up of Nazi Party volunteers to provide security for party meetings in Munich. Later, in 1925, Heinrich Himmler joined the unit, which had by then been reformed and renamed the “\u003cem\u003eSchutz-Staffel\u003c/em\u003e.” Under Himmler’s leadership, it grew from a small paramilitary formation to one of the largest and most powerful organizations in the Third Reich. Under Himmler’s command, it was responsible for many of the crimes against humanity during World War II. Among other activities, black-shirted \u003cem\u003eSS\u003c/em\u003e men served as guards at labor and concentration camps. After World War II, like the Nazi Party, it was declared a criminal organization by the International Military Tribunal and banned in Germany. \u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35089/file/104017#t=1230.0,1260.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35089/file/104017/annotation_set/305/annotation/166","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eNovocain is a local anesthetic that causes loss of feeling (numbness) of skin and mucous membranes. Novocain is used as an injection during surgery and other medical and dental procedures. \u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35089/file/104017#t=1290.0,1320.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35089/file/104017/annotation_set/305/annotation/167","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eChildren were especially vulnerable to Nazi persecution. When World War II began in September 1939, there were approximately 1.6 million Jewish children living in the territories that the German armies or their allies would occupy. When the war in Europe ended in May 1945, more than 1 million and perhaps as many as 1.5 million Jewish children were dead. Adolescents (13-18 years old) had a better chance of surviving ghettos and camps as they could be used for forced labor. It was not uncommon for the Germans to carry out “children’s actions” to reduce the ghetto populations. Like the elderly, children were considered unfit for work and were, therefore, useless. Most of the younger children and babies who survived the Holocaust did so in hiding.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35089/file/104017#t=1440.0,1470.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35089/file/104017/annotation_set/305/annotation/168","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eBoryslaw was an important oil-producing area in Poland. The oil industries were taken over by the Carpathian Oil Company. Many Jews were housed in work camps on the industry sites. In September 1942, there were 1,760 Boryslaw Jews working in the oil industry. For their protection, they wore a special badge on their chests bearing the letter “A” for needed workers [German: \u003cem\u003eArbeitsjuden\u003c/em\u003e] or “R” for armaments workers [German: \u003cem\u003eRüstungsarbeiter\u003c/em\u003e].  The badges enabled them to travel to their workplaces. \u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35089/file/104017#t=1590.0,1620.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35089/file/104017/annotation_set/305/annotation/169","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eJews over the age of six in Germany and throughout German-occupied Europe were required to wear a yellow Jewish star, or \u003cem\u003eMagen David\u003c/em\u003e, on their outer garments. In November 1939, all Jews in German-occupied Poland were forced to wear an armband or yellow star on their clothing to identify them as Jews. Jews in the \u003cem\u003eWarthegau\u003c/em\u003e (the German-annexed territory of western Poland) were required to wear a badge on their chests, which was a yellow Star of David on a black field with the word \"Jew\" inscribed inside the star. In the General Government, that part of Poland directly occupied by Germany, Governor General Hans Frank ordered on November 23, 1939, that all Jews over the age of ten wear a \"Jewish Star\": a white armband affixed with a blue six-sided star, worn over the right upper sleeve of one's outer garments. Those who failed or refused to wear the badge risked severe punishment, including death. The German government’s policy of forcing Jews to wear identifying badges was but one of many psychological tactics aimed at isolating and dehumanizing the Jews of Europe, directly marking them as being different (i.e., inferior) to everyone else. It allowed for the easier facilitation of their separation from society and subsequent ghettoization, which ultimately led to their deportation and murder. \u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35089/file/104017#t=1620.0,1650.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35089/file/104017/annotation_set/305/annotation/170","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eA \u003cem\u003ebabushka\u003c/em\u003e (in Polish or Russian) refers to an old woman or a headscarf tied under the chin, typical of those worn by Polish and Russian women. \u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35089/file/104017#t=1710.0,1740.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35089/file/104017/annotation_set/305/annotation/171","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eGone with the Wind\u003c/em\u003e is a famous book (and later film) written by Margaret Mitchell in 1926. It tells the story of Scarlett O’Hara, the strong-willed daughter of a Georgia plantation owner, from her romantic pursuit of Ashley Wilkes, who is married to Melanie, to her marriage to Rhett Butler. It is set against the backdrop of the American Civil War and the Reconstruction era. \u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35089/file/104017#t=1860.0,1890.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35089/file/104017/annotation_set/305/annotation/172","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe \u003cem\u003eUSS General W. M. Black\u003c/em\u003e was a troop transport ship for the United States Navy in World War II. From 1948 through 1950, she made multiple trips to Australia, South America, and the United States with refugees from Europe. Leon, Clara, and their daughters, Irene and Pola (born in 1945), arrived in New Orleans, Louisiana aboard the \u003cem\u003eUSS General W. M. Black\u003c/em\u003e on September 20, 1949. \u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35089/file/104017#t=1860.0,1890.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35089/file/104017/annotation_set/305/annotation/173","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eDecatur is a city in Georgia, approximately 6 miles (10 kilometers) northeast of Atlanta.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35089/file/104017#t=2100.0,2130.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35089/file/104017/annotation_set/305/annotation/174","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe Seventh-day Adventist Church is a Protestant Christian denomination which is distinguished by its observance of Saturday, the seventh day of the week in Christian and Jewish calendars, as the Sabbath, and its emphasis on the imminent Second Coming of Jesus Christ.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35089/file/104017#t=2160.0,2190.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35089/file/104017/annotation_set/305/annotation/175","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eLola Borkowska Lansky (1926-1999) was a Polish Jew who survived the concentration camps of Auschwitz-Birkenau, Ravensbruck, Buchenwald, and Bergen-Belsen. In 1964, she co-founded Eternal Life-\u003cem\u003eHemshech\u003c/em\u003e, a membership organization for survivors living in Atlanta, and in 1965 led the campaign to have a Holocaust monument erected in Atlanta. Her efforts resulted in the Memorial to the Six Million at Greenwood Cemetery. Lola was married to Rubin Lansky (1923-2005), a Polish Holocaust survivor who had a successful career as a real estate owner and manager in Atlanta, Georgia. The couple had two children and were very active in the Atlanta Jewish community. Lola and Rubin’s testimonies and papers are housed at the Breman Museum’s Cuba Family Archives for Southern Jewish History. \u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35089/file/104017#t=2250.0,2280.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35089/file/104017/annotation_set/305/annotation/176","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eClara may be referring to Isaac Wise (Weiss) and his wife Rachel, survivors from Lithuania who immigrated to the United States and settled in Atlanta in 1949. Isaac’s brother Sam and his wife Ida (also survivors) came to Atlanta later the same year. Like Leon, Sam and Isaac also opened a grocery store. The Wise family’s testimonies and papers are housed at the Breman Museum’s Cuba Family Archives for Southern Jewish History.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35089/file/104017#t=2250.0,2280.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35089/file/104017/annotation_set/305/annotation/177","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe Jewish Federation of Greater Atlanta raises funds, which are dispersed throughout the Jewish community.  Services also include caring for Jews in need locally and around the world, community outreach, leadership development, and educational opportunities.  It is part of the Jewish Federation of North America (JFNA).\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35089/file/104017#t=2250.0,2280.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35089/file/104017/annotation_set/305/annotation/178","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe Jewish Educational Alliance (JEA) operated from 1910 to 1948 on the site where the Atlanta-Fulton County Stadium was located. The JEA was once the hub of Jewish life in Atlanta. Families congregated there for social, educational, sports and cultural programs. The JEA ran camps and held classes to help some new residents learn to read and write English. For newcomers, it became a refuge, with programs to help them acclimate to a new home. The JEA stayed at that site until the late 1940’s, when it evolved into the Atlanta Jewish Community Center and moved to Peachtree Street. It stayed there until 1998, when the building was sold and the center moved to Dunwoody. In 2000, it was renamed the ‘Marcus Jewish Community Center of Atlanta.’\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35089/file/104017#t=2250.0,2280.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35089/file/104017/annotation_set/305/annotation/179","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eShabbat\u003c/em\u003e [Hebrew] or \u003cem\u003eShabbos\u003c/em\u003e [Yiddish] is the Jewish day of rest and is observed on Saturdays. \u003cem\u003eShabbat\u003c/em\u003e observance entails refraining from work activities, often with great rigor, and engaging in restful activities to honor the day. \u003cem\u003eShabbat\u003c/em\u003e begins at sundown on Friday night and is ushered in by lighting candles and reciting a blessing. It is closed the following evening with the recitation of the havdalah blessing. \u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35089/file/104017#t=2370.0,2400.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35089/file/104017/annotation_set/305/annotation/180","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eOrthodox Judaism is a traditional branch of Judaism that strictly follows the Written \u003cem\u003eTorah\u003c/em\u003e and the Oral Law concerning prayer, dress, food, sex, family relations, social behavior, the Sabbath day, holidays and more. \u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35089/file/104017#t=2400.0,2430.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35089/file/104017/annotation_set/305/annotation/181","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eSomeone who is \u003cem\u003eshomer\u003c/em\u003e [Hebrew: to guard, watch, or preserve] \u003cem\u003eShabbos\u003c/em\u003e observes commandments for the Jewish Sabbath from sundown Friday evening until sundown Saturday evening. \u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35089/file/104017#t=2520.0,2550.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35089/file/104017/annotation_set/305/annotation/182","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe \u003cem\u003eJerusalem Post\u003c/em\u003e is a popular English language newspaper and website. It was founded as \u003cem\u003eThe Palestine Post\u003c/em\u003e by Gershon Agron in Jerusalem in 1932, during the British Mandate of Palestine. In 1950, it changed its name to \u003cem\u003eThe Jerusalem Post\u003c/em\u003e. \u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35089/file/104017#t=2580.0,2610.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35089/file/104017/annotation_set/305/annotation/183","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eIrene died in 1976.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35089/file/104017#t=2730.0,2760.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35089/file/104017/annotation_set/305/annotation/184","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eA\u003cem\u003e bar mitzvah\u003c/em\u003e [Hebrew: son of commandment] is a rite of passage for Jewish boys aged 13 years and one day. At that time, a Jewish boy is considered a responsible adult for most religious purposes. He is now duty bound to keep the commandments, he puts on \u003cem\u003etefillin\u003c/em\u003e, and may be counted to the \u003cem\u003eminyan\u003c/em\u003e quorum for public worship. He celebrates the\u003cem\u003e bar mitzvah\u003c/em\u003e by being called up to the reading of the \u003cem\u003eTorah\u003c/em\u003e in the synagogue, usually on the next available Sabbath after his Hebrew birthday. \u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35089/file/104017#t=2760.0,2790.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35089/file/104017/annotation_set/305/annotation/185","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eGerman forces invaded Poland on September 1, 1939 and occupied Boryslaw on September 12, 1939. German soldiers imposed forced labor on the Jews and stole their property. They also allowed local Ukrainians to terrorize and attack the Jews. The Russian Army arrived on September 12, 1939 as they had received Borysław and the territory around it as part of their agreement not to enter the war against the Germans.  Life under the Russians wasn’t easy, but when the Germans returned, it got infinitely worse. On June 22, 1941, the Germans invaded the Soviet Union in a military campaign codenamed Operation “Barbarossa.” As they advanced east, German forces occupied Boryslaw on July 1, 1941. The day after German forces arrived in Boryslaw, a hastily formed Ukrainian militia, supported by local peasants and some German soldiers, organized a pogrom. Survivors were forced to clean the streets after the pogrom. Up to 350 Jews were murdered before the German military restored order.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35089/file/104017#t=2910.0,2940.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35089/file/104017/annotation_set/305/annotation/186","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eClara’s sister, Henia Tillman Wurzberg, was murdered by Ukranian guards in Borsylaw, Poland in 1943. Henia and her husband Dr. Poldek Wurzberg were posing as a doctor and nurse when they were betrayed.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35089/file/104017#t=2910.0,2940.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35089/file/104017/annotation_set/305/annotation/187","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eEternal Life-\u003cem\u003eHemshech\u003c/em\u003e is an organization of Atlanta Holocaust survivors, their descendants and friends dedicated to commemorating the 6,000,000 Jewish victims of the Holocaust. Approximately 100 Holocaust survivors living in Atlanta, Georgia founded Eternal Life-\u003cem\u003eHemshech\u003c/em\u003e in 1964. Hemshech is a Hebrew word that means “continuation.” Their purpose was to \"perpetuate the memory of their beloved families along with all of the six million Jewish victims of the Holocaust.\" The group wanted the memorial to serve as a place to say Kaddish, the Jewish prayer for the dead. The committee was comprised Abraham Gastfiend, Mala Gastfiend, Gaston Nitka, Rubin Lansky, and Rubin Pichulik. Dr. Leon Rosen served as chairman and Lola Lansky and Nathan Bromberg were co-chairs. The Memorial to Six Million was dedicated in Atlanta’s Greenwood Cemetery in 1965. \u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35089/file/104017#t=3060.0,3090.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35089/file/104017/annotation_set/305/annotation/188","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eGeneral Electric (GE) is an American multinational conglomerate corporation incorporated in New York and headquartered in Boston, Massachusetts. Edison General Electric Company was founded in 1889 based on the research of Thomas Edison. In 1896, General Electric was one of the original 12 companies listed on the newly formed Dow Jones Industrial Average. After 121 years, it is the only one of the original companies still listed on the Dow index In 2017, GE ranked among the Fortune 500 as the thirteenth-largest firm in the United States by gross revenue.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35089/file/104017#t=3090.0,3120.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35089/file/104017/annotation_set/305/annotation/189","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eClara is referring to Denise Rich (\u003cem\u003enée \u003c/em\u003eEisenberg), an American-born Austrian singer-songwriter, socialite, philanthropist and political fundraiser. On April 30, 2001, Denise was interviewed on a CNN show called “Larry King Live.” “Larry King Live” is an American television talk show that was hosted by Larry King on CNN from 1985 to 2010. It was CNN's most watched and longest-running program, with over one million viewers nightly. At the time, Rich’s ex-husband, Marc Rich (1934-2013) was charged with tax evasion and making oil deals with Iran during the Iran hostage crisis. by her husband, Marc Rich (1934-2013), an international commodities trader, hedge fund manager, financier, and businessman who founded the commodities company Glencore. Marc Rich was found guilty but later received a pardon from President William J. Clinton. \u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35089/file/104017#t=3180.0,3210.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35089/file/104017/annotation_set/305/annotation/190","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eA 1995 interview with Clara is available online from the Breman Museum’s Cuba Family Archives for Southern Jewish History. The Eisenstein family papers are also housed at the Breman Museum’s Cuba Family Archives for Southern Jewish History.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35089/file/104017#t=3300.0,3330.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35089/file/104017/annotation_set/305/annotation/191","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eHelen (Wasserman) Spiegel (1923-2017) and Frank Spiegel (1920-2018) were both born in Germany and immigrated to the United States with their families. Helen and Frank met in Galveston, Texas. They were married in 1946 and moved to Atlanta, Georgia, where they became active members of the Jewish community. Together they helped establish a women’s shelter, were early supporters of the Hebrew Academy and founding members of a new synagogue, Beth El. Helen was also chapter and regional president of \u003cem\u003eHadassah\u003c/em\u003e. Helen and Frank’s testimonies and papers are housed at the Breman Museum’s Cuba Family Archives for Southern Jewish History. \u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35089/file/104017#t=3330.0,3360.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35089/file/104017/annotation_set/305/annotation/192","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eAhavath Achim Congregation (often referred to as “AA”) was organized in 1886 as Congregation Ahawas Achim (Brotherly Love) and is Atlanta’s second oldest Jewish congregation. It was organized by Jews of Eastern European descent. After a succession of moves, the synagogue moved to its current location on Peachtree Battle Avenue in 1958. Rabbi Abraham Hirmes was the first rabbi of the then Orthodox congregation. In 1928, Rabbi Harry Epstein became the rabbi and the congregation began to shift to Conservatism, which they joined in 1952. Cantor Isaac Goodfriend, a Holocaust survivor, joined the congregation in 1966 and remained until his retirement. Rabbi Epstein retired in 1982, becoming Rabbi Emeritus and Rabbi Arnold Goodman assumed the rabbinic post. He retired in 2002 when he was succeeded by Rabbi Neil Sandler. Rabbi Laurence Rosenthal is the current senior rabbi (2020).\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35089/file/104017#t=3330.0,3360.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35089/file/104017/annotation_set/305/annotation/193","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eRabbi Harry Epstein (1903-2003) was a native of Plunge, Lithuania who served as the rabbi of Ahavath Achim Synagogue in Atlanta, Georgia from 1928 to 1982. Under his leadership the congregation began to shift to Conservatism, which they adopted in 1952. Rabbi Epstein retired in 1982, becoming Rabbi Emeritus and Rabbi Arnold Goodman assumed the rabbinic post. He was educated in a yeshiva in Chicago, where his father was a rabbi, and in New York. He was ordained in 1926 after studying at the Slobodka Yeshiva in Lithuania and the Hebron Yeshiva in Palestine. In 1927, he became a pulpit rabbi at an Orthodox congregation in Tulsa, Oklahoma. In 1928, he took the rabbinate position at Ahavath Achim Congregation in Atlanta, Georgia, where he introduced a Sunday school, mixed seating of men and women, and the \u003cem\u003ebat mitzvah\u003c/em\u003e ceremony for girls. He earned a B.A. Degree in Philosophy and an MA. Degree in Theology from Emory University in Atlanta and a Ph.D. Degree in Theology from the University of Illinois School of Law.  \u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35089/file/104017#t=3360.0,3390.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35089/file/104017/annotation_set/305/annotation/194","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eReva (Rebecca) Chashesman Epstein (1905-2001) was the well-educated daughter of an Orthodox rabbi. Her family immigrated to Chicago, Illinois from Poland after World War I. In 1929, she married Rabbi Harry Epstein. Reva served as an Atlanta \u003cem\u003eHadassah\u003c/em\u003e chapter president.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35089/file/104017#t=3360.0,3390.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35089/file/104017/annotation_set/305/annotation/195","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eA Torah scroll [Hebrew: \u003cem\u003eSefer Torah\u003c/em\u003e] is the holiest book within Judaism, made up of the five books of Moses. It is hand-written by a pious scribe in the original Hebrew and must meet extremely strict standards of production. Torah scrolls are routinely read aloud in all synagogues and are a core representation of Judaism itself. When not in use in services, it is stored in the holiest spot in a synagogue, the \u003cem\u003eAron Kodesh\u003c/em\u003e (Holy Ark), which is usually an ornate curtained-off cabinet or section of the synagogue built along the wall that most closely faced Jerusalem, the direction Jews face when praying. \u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35089/file/104017#t=3450.0,3480.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35089/file/104017/annotation_set/305/annotation/196","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eLeon Eisenstein died in 1980.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35089/file/104017#t=3450.0,3480.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35089/file/104017/annotation_set/305/annotation/197","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eYiddish is the common historical language of Ashkenazi Jews from Central and Eastern Europe. It is heavily Germanic based but uses the Hebrew alphabet. The language was spoken or understood as a common tongue for many European Jews up until the middle of the twentieth century.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35089/file/104017#t=3570.0,3600.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35089/file/104017/annotation_set/305/annotation/198","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eYeshiva\u003c/em\u003e [Hebrew: sitting] is a Jewish educational institution for religious instruction that is equivalent to high school. It also refers to a \u003cem\u003eTalmudic\u003c/em\u003e college for unmarried male students from their teenage years to their early twenties. \u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35089/file/104017#t=3600.0,3630.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35089/file/104017/annotation_set/305/annotation/199","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eThe term ‘\u003cem\u003epogrom\u003c/em\u003e’ [Russian: to wreak havoc] refers to violent attacks against Jews. \u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35089/file/104017#t=3720.0,3750.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35089/file/104017/annotation_set/305/annotation/200","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eSegregation was the legal and social system of separating citizens on the basis of race. The system maintained the repression of black citizens in southern states until it was dismantled during the civil rights movement in the 1950s and 1960s and by subsequent civil rights legislation. Segregation is usually understood as a legal system of control consisting of the denial of voting rights, the maintenance of separate schools, and other forms of separation between the races, but formal legal rules were only one part of the regime. Other important elements of segregation were physical force and terror, economic intimidation, and psychological control exerted through messages of low worth and negativity transmitted socially to African American citizens.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35089/file/104017#t=3930.0,3960.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35089/file/104017/annotation_set/305/annotation/201","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eIn the first half of the twentieth century, public space in Atlanta and throughout the South was strictly segregated. In order to avoid contact between the races, local governments carved municipalities into separate spheres, effectively creating two distinct communities. However, because providing separate vehicles would have been prohibitively expensive, transit companies segregated streetcars and buses instead. White passengers were required to sit from the front to the rear and black passengers were required to sit from the rear to the front.\u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35089/file/104017#t=4020.0,4050.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35089/file/104017/annotation_set/305/annotation/202","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eHadassah\u003c/em\u003e, the Women’s Zionist Organization of America, is a volunteer organization founded in 1912 by Henrietta Szold, with more than 300,000 members and supporters worldwide. It supports health care and medical research, education and youth programs in Israel, and advocacy, education, and leadership development in the United States. Hadassah Greater Atlanta (HGA), the metro Atlanta chapter of \u003cem\u003eHadassah\u003c/em\u003e, was founded in 1916.   \u003c/p\u003e","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35089/file/104017#t=4110.0,4140.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35089/file/104017/annotation_set/305/annotation/203","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cp\u003eB'nai B'rith International [Hebrew: Children of the Covenant] is the oldest Jewish service organization in the world. B'nai B'rith states that it is committed to the security and continuity of the Jewish people and the State of Israel and combating antisemitism and bigotry. Its mission is to unite persons of the Jewish faith and to enhance Jewish identity through strengthening Jewish family life, to provide broad-based services for the benefit of senior citizens, and to facilitate advocacy and action on behalf of Jews throughout the world. B’nai B’rith Women was founded in San Francisco, California in 1909. It was originally a social organization designed to attract young, single adult members with parties, picnics and dances. As women emerged into the public sphere it expanded into cultural activities, philanthropy and community service. 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We arrived there and the same . . .","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Partial Transcript"]}}],"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35089/file/104017#t=1931.0,2099.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35089/file/104017/index/47551/annotation/245","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Atlanta, Georgia","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"New Orleans, Louisiana","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Pola Eisenstein","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Sick Children","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"United States of 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Traditions","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Title"]}}],"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35089/file/104017#t=2328.0,2553.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35089/file/104017/index/47551/annotation/256","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Some of your family traditions that you had when you were growing up in Poland, have you tried to transmit those traditions to the children the way you celebrate holidays, a special food that you prepared or that your mother prepared?","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Partial 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How many children . . .","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Partial Transcript"]}}],"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35089/file/104017#t=2734.0,2787.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35089/file/104017/index/47551/annotation/263","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Bar MItzvah","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Children","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Eisenstein Family","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Grandchildren","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Irene Eisenstein","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Pola Eisenstein","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}}],"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35089/file/104017#t=2734.0,2787.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35089/file/104017/index/47551/annotation/264","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Advice to Give to Her Children and Grandchildren","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Title"]}}],"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35089/file/104017#t=2787.0,2883.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35089/file/104017/index/47551/annotation/265","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"That is wonderful and they are good children. If you could give them one thing, something . . . 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Have you ever gone back to Poland?","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Partial Transcript"]}}],"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35089/file/104017#t=2883.0,2970.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35089/file/104017/index/47551/annotation/269","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Boryslaw, Poland","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Matzeiva","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Visiting Family Graves","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Visiting Poland","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Washing Bloody Streets","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}}],"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35089/file/104017#t=2883.0,2970.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35089/file/104017/index/47551/annotation/270","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Nightmares and Heart Problems","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Title"]}}],"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35089/file/104017#t=2970.0,3064.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35089/file/104017/index/47551/annotation/271","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I had a terrible dream at night. I was surrounded with Gestapo and my children and I didn't have anywhere to run. My heart started to run unbelievable fast. That was in my son's house. I was visiting at that time. I didn't want to wake him up in the beginning but then the heart would not stop running terribly.","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Partial Transcript"]}}],"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35089/file/104017#t=2970.0,3064.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35089/file/104017/index/47551/annotation/272","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Geheime Staatspolizei (Gestapo)","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Hospital","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Nightmares","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"No Blood Pressure","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}}],"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35089/file/104017#t=2970.0,3064.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35089/file/104017/index/47551/annotation/273","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Survivor Community in Atlanta Becomes Family","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Title"]}}],"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35089/file/104017#t=3064.0,3091.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35089/file/104017/index/47551/annotation/274","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"After a number of years, did the survivor community here in Atlanta . . . Did that become your family? Did you get close?","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Partial Transcript"]}}],"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35089/file/104017#t=3064.0,3091.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35089/file/104017/index/47551/annotation/275","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Atlanta, Georgia","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Eternal Life-Hemshech","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Holocaust Survivor Community","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}}],"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35089/file/104017#t=3064.0,3091.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35089/file/104017/index/47551/annotation/276","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Leon Eisenstein's Jobs in America","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Title"]}}],"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35089/file/104017#t=3091.0,3187.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35089/file/104017/index/47551/annotation/277","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"What did Leon do here for business?","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Partial Transcript"]}}],"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35089/file/104017#t=3091.0,3187.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35089/file/104017/index/47551/annotation/278","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Apartments","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"General Electric","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Grocery Stores","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Kaiser Company","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Leon Eisenstein","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}}],"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35089/file/104017#t=3091.0,3187.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35089/file/104017/index/47551/annotation/279","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Irene and Pola Going to School and Learning English","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Title"]}}],"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35089/file/104017#t=3187.0,3323.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35089/file/104017/index/47551/annotation/280","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Clara, can you talk a little bit about Irene, about her childhood here in Atlanta, and she went to school?","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Partial Transcript"]}}],"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35089/file/104017#t=3187.0,3323.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35089/file/104017/index/47551/annotation/281","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Irene Eisenstein","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Learning English","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Losing a Child","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Pola Eisenstein","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}},{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Schools","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Keywords"]}}],"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35089/file/104017#t=3187.0,3323.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35089/file/104017/index/47551/annotation/282","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Joining Ahavath Achim Synagogue","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Title"]}}],"target":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35089/file/104017#t=3323.0,3371.0"},{"id":"https://thebreman.aviaryplatform.com/collections/994/collection_resources/35089/file/104017/index/47551/annotation/283","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I have one more question. You said that your husband did not want you to light the Shabbos candles. 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